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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Music of the Yoruba people of Nigeria, Togo, and Benin</div> <p><b>Yoruba music</b> is the pattern/style of music practiced by the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>. It is perhaps best known for its extremely advanced <a href="/wiki/Drummer" title="Drummer">drumming</a> tradition and techniques, especially using the <a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">gongon</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hourglass shape <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tension_drums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tension drums (page does not exist)">tension drums</a>. Yoruba <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> became perhaps the most prominent kind of <a href="/wiki/Music_of_West_Africa" title="Music of West Africa">West African music</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_music_genres" title="List of Caribbean music genres">Afro-Latin and Caribbean musical</a> styles; it left an especially important influence on the music used in <a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> practice and the <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">music of Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yoruba people of south-western Nigeria are also one of the most socially diverse groups on the African continent. A major feature that sets them apart from other groups in Nigeria is their accomplishment in the arts and entertainment industry, especially in music. <i>Jùjú</i>, <i>fùjì</i>, <i>àpàlà</i> and <i>sákárà</i> music are among the popular genres of music that originated among the Yoruba people. How and when these forms of music emerged in the Nigerian music scene has remained a puzzle to historians. However, it is generally believed that these genres of music originated from popular folk music among the Yoruba people during the colonial era and gradually grew to become popular forms of music in the country after independence in 1960. This paper traces the origin and the significance of Yoruba traditional music in Nigeria as well as its roles in popularising the cultural values and heritage of the Yoruba people at home and in the diaspora. It is argued that music constitutes an important medium through which Yoruba values have been sustained in society in the face of the aggressive cultural imperialism that is fast encroaching the African continent.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a comprehensive discussion of Yoruba music, see Bode Omojola's book, <i>Yoruba Music in the Twentieth Century</i> (University of Rochester Press, 2012). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kwarastatedrummers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kwarastatedrummers.jpg/150px-Kwarastatedrummers.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kwarastatedrummers.jpg/225px-Kwarastatedrummers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kwarastatedrummers.jpg/300px-Kwarastatedrummers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Omele_ako" class="mw-redirect" title="Omele ako">Omele ako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bat%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Batá">batá</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">dunduns</a>. Yoruba drummers in <a href="/wiki/Kwara_State" title="Kwara State">Kwara state</a>.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folk_music">Folk music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoruba_music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Folk music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ensembles using the <a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">dundun</a> play a type of music that is also called <i>dundun</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These ensembles consist of various sizes of tension drums along with special band drums (<i>ogido</i>). The <i>gangan</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is another such. The leader of a dundun ensemble is the <i>oniyalu</i> who uses the drum to "talk" by imitating the <a href="/wiki/Tonality" title="Tonality">tonality</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>. Much of Yoruba music is spiritual in nature, and this form is often devoted to <a href="/wiki/Orisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Orisa">Orisas</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythmic_structure">Rhythmic structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoruba_music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rhythmic structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iron_bells.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Iron_bells.JPG/150px-Iron_bells.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Iron_bells.JPG/225px-Iron_bells.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Iron_bells.JPG/300px-Iron_bells.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="3501" /></a><figcaption>Iron <a href="/wiki/Agog%C3%B4" title="Agogô">agogô</a> bells.</figcaption></figure> <p>The most commonly used <a href="/wiki/Bell_pattern" title="Bell pattern">key pattern</a>, or guide pattern in traditional Yoruba drumming is the seven-stroke figure known in ethnomusicology as the <i>standard pattern</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The standard pattern is expressed in both a <a href="/wiki/Compound_meter_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound meter (music)">triple-pulse</a> (12/8 or 6/8) and a <a href="/wiki/Simple_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple meter">duple-pulse</a> (4/4 or 2/2) structure.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The standard pattern is often sounded on an iron bell. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_pattern.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Standard_pattern.png/320px-Standard_pattern.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Standard_pattern.png/480px-Standard_pattern.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Standard_pattern.png/640px-Standard_pattern.png 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption>Standard pattern in duple-pulse (4/4) and triple-pulse (12/8) form. <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/4e\/Standard_pattern_duple.mid\/Standard_pattern_duple.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play duple"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Standard pattern duple.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Standard_pattern_duple.mid/Standard_pattern_duple.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play duple</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_pattern_duple.mid" title="File:Standard pattern duple.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/80\/Standard_pattern_triple.mid\/Standard_pattern_triple.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play triple"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Standard pattern triple.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Standard_pattern_triple.mid/Standard_pattern_triple.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play triple</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_pattern_triple.mid" title="File:Standard pattern triple.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, and <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f8\/Standard_pattern_duple_and_triple.mid\/Standard_pattern_duple_and_triple.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play both"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Standard pattern duple and triple.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/Standard_pattern_duple_and_triple.mid/Standard_pattern_duple_and_triple.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play both</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_pattern_duple_and_triple.mid" title="File:Standard pattern duple and triple.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> for comparison.</figcaption></figure> <p>The strokes of the standard pattern coincide with: 1, 1a, 2& 2a, 3&, 4, 4a. </p><p>12/8: </p> <pre><b>1</b> & a <b>2</b> & a <b>3</b> & a <b>4</b> & a || X . X . X X . X . X . X || </pre> <p>4/4: </p> <pre><b>1</b> e & a <b>2</b> e & a <b>3</b> e & a <b>4</b> e & a || X . . X . . X X . . X . X . . X || </pre> <p>A great deal of Yoruba drum music is based in <a href="/wiki/Cross_rhythm" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross rhythm">cross rhythm</a>. The following example shows the five-stroke form of the standard pattern (known as <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a> in Afro-Latin music) on the kagano dundun drum (top line). The dunduns on the second and third lines sound an embellishment of the three-over-four (3:4) cross-rhythm—expressed as three pairs of strokes against four pairs of strokes.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_correct_cross-rhythm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/King_correct_cross-rhythm.jpg/350px-King_correct_cross-rhythm.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/King_correct_cross-rhythm.jpg/525px-King_correct_cross-rhythm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/King_correct_cross-rhythm.jpg/700px-King_correct_cross-rhythm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="3900" /></a><figcaption>Yoruba dundun ensemble.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoruba_music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yorùbá music is regarded as one of the more important components of the modern <a href="/wiki/Nigerians" title="Nigerians">Nigerian</a> popular music scene. Although traditional Yoruba music was not influenced by foreign music the same cannot be said of modern-day Yoruba music which has evolved and adapted itself through contact with foreign instruments, talents and creativity. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>Interpretation involves rendering <a href="/wiki/African_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="African culture">African</a>, here Yoruba, musical expression using a mixture of instruments from different horizons. </p><p>Yoruba music traditionally centred on folklore and spiritual/deity worship, utilising basic and natural instruments such as clapping of the hands. Playing music for a living was not something the Yorubas did and singers were referred to in a derogatory term of <a href="/wiki/Alagbe" title="Alagbe">Alagbe</a>, <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>it is this derogation of musicians that made it not appeal to modern Yoruba at the time. Although, it is true that music genres like the <a href="/wiki/Highlife" title="Highlife">highlife</a> played by musicians like <a href="/wiki/Rex_Lawson" title="Rex Lawson">Rex Lawson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Obey" title="Ebenezer Obey">Ebenezer Obey</a> <a href="/wiki/Segun_Bucknor" title="Segun Bucknor">Segun Bucknor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Benson" title="Bobby Benson">Bobby Benson</a>, etc., <a href="/wiki/Fela_Kuti" title="Fela Kuti">Fela Kuti</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">Afrobeat</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/King_Sunny_Ad%C3%A9" title="King Sunny Adé">King Sunny Adé</a>'s <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B9j%C3%BA_music" title="Jùjú music">jùjú</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are all Yoruba adaptations of foreign music. These musical genres have their roots in large metropolitan cities like <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt" title="Port Harcourt">Port Harcourt</a> where people and culture mix influenced by their rich culture. </p><p>Some pioneering <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B9j%C3%BA_music" title="Jùjú music">Jùjú</a> musicians include <a href="/wiki/Tunde_King" title="Tunde King">Tunde King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunde_Nightingale" title="Tunde Nightingale">Tunde Nightingale</a>, Why Worry in Ondo and <a href="/wiki/Ayinde_Bakare" title="Ayinde Bakare">Ayinde Bakare</a>,Dr. Orlando Owoh, <a href="/wiki/Dele_Ojo" title="Dele Ojo">Dele Ojo</a>, Ik Dairo <a href="/wiki/Moses_Olaiya" title="Moses Olaiya">Moses Olaiya</a> (Baba Sala). <a href="/wiki/Sakara_music" title="Sakara music">sakara</a> played by the pioneers such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ojo_Olawale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ojo Olawale (page does not exist)">Ojo Olawale</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abibu_Oluwa" title="Abibu Oluwa">Abibu Oluwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Olatunji" title="Yusuf Olatunji">Yusuf Olatunji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanusi_Aka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanusi Aka (page does not exist)">Sanusi Aka</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saka_Layigbade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saka Layigbade (page does not exist)">Saka Layigbade</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Apala" title="Apala">Apala</a>, is another genre of Yoruba modern music which was played by spirited pacesetters such as <a href="/wiki/Haruna_Ishola" title="Haruna Ishola">Haruna Ishola</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sefiu_Ayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sefiu Ayan (page does not exist)">Sefiu Ayan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligali_Mukaiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligali Mukaiba (page does not exist)">Ligali Mukaiba</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasumu_Adio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasumu Adio (page does not exist)">Kasumu Adio</a>, Yekini (Y.K.) Ajadi, etc. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fuji_music" title="Fuji music">Fuji</a>, which emerged in the late 60s/early 70s, as an offshoot of <a href="/wiki/Were_music" title="Were music">were</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ajisari" title="Ajisari">ajisari</a> music genres, which were made popular by certain <a href="/wiki/Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a> singers/musicians such as the late Sikiru Ayinde Barrister, <a href="/wiki/Alhaji_Dauda_Epo-Akara" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhaji Dauda Epo-Akara">Alhaji Dauda Epo-Akara</a> and Ganiyu Kuti or "Gani Irefin. </p><p>Another popular genre is <a href="/wiki/Waka_music" title="Waka music">waka music</a> played and popularized by <a href="/wiki/Alhaja_Batile_Alake" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhaja Batile Alake">Alhaja Batile Alake</a> and, more recently, <a href="/wiki/Salawa_Abeni" title="Salawa Abeni">Salawa Abeni</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuburat_Alaragbo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuburat Alaragbo (page does not exist)">Kuburat Alaragbo</a>, Asanat Omo-Aje, Mujidat Ogunfalu, Misitura Akawe, Fatimo <a href="/wiki/Akingbade" title="Akingbade">Akingbade</a>, Karimot Aduke, and Risikat Abeawo. In both <a href="/wiki/Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a> (Nigeria's largest city), and <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> (Nigeria's most populous city), these multicultural traditions were brought together and became the root of Nigerian popular music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_instruments">Musical instruments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoruba_music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Musical instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agbe" title="Agbe">Agbe</a>: a <a href="/wiki/Shaker_(percussion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaker (percussion)">shaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashiko" title="Ashiko">Ashiko</a>: a cone-shaped <a href="/wiki/Drum_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum (musical instrument)">drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat%C3%A1_drum" title="Batá drum">Batá drum</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a well decorated traditional drum of many tones, with strong links to the deity Shango, it produces sharp high tone sounds.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goje" title="Goje">Goje</a>: sort of violin like the sahelian <b>kora</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekere" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekere">Sekere</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a melodic shaker; beads or cowrie shells beautifully wound around a gourd, shaken, beaten by fists occasionally and thrown in the air to create a festive mood.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudugudu" title="Gudugudu">gudugudu</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a smaller, melodic bata</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakara_drum" title="Sakara drum">Sakara drum</a>: goatskin istretched over clay ring</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agog%C3%B4" title="Agogô">Agogô</a>: a high-pitched tone instrument like a "covered" 3-dimensional "tuning fork"</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saworo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saworo (page does not exist)">Saworo</a>: like agogo, but its tone is low-pitched<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aro_(instrument)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aro (instrument) (page does not exist)">aro</a>: much like a saworo, low-pitched</li> <li>Seli:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> a combination of aro, saworo and hand-clapping</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agidigbo" title="Agidigbo">Agidigbo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Thumb_piano" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumb piano">thumb piano</a> instrument wound round the neck and stabilized by the player's chest.</li> <li>Dundun, consisting of <i>iya ilu</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Gbedu" title="Gbedu">gbedu</a></i>, main or "mother" drum and <a href="/wiki/Omele" title="Omele">omele</a>, smaller drums, played as an accompaniment to bata drums to create a base for their sharp beats.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bembe_(West_African_drumming)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bembe (West African drumming) (page does not exist)">Bembé</a>, bass drum, kettle drum. (see also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_membranophones" title="List of Caribbean membranophones">List of Caribbean membranophones</a>)</li> <li>Gangan: a <a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">talking drum</a>, has two face and use in prosody if human speech</li> <li>Omele Ako Bata: known as omele meta and is a smallest drums in bata family</li></ul> <p>Ahmad Audi Adamu </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoruba_music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_highlife_musicians" title="List of Nigerian highlife musicians">List of Nigerian highlife musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owambe" title="Owambe">Owambe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoruba_music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turino, pgs. 181–182; Bensignor, François with Eric Audra, and Ronnie Graham, "Afro-Funksters" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the <i>Rough Guide to World Music</i>, pgs. 432–436 and pgs. 588–600; Karolyi, pg. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/85753/Bata-Drumming-Notations-Discographies-Glossary">Bata Drumming Notations Discographies Glossary: <i>Bata Drumming & the Lucumi Santeria BembeCeremony</i></a>, Scribd Online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.descarga.com/cgi-bin/db/archives/Article17">Conunto Folkorico Nacional De Cuba: <i>Música Yoruba</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBabátúndé_YussufOladipo_Olúbòmęhìn2018" class="citation journal cs1">Babátúndé Yussuf, N.; Oladipo Olúbòmęhìn, O. (2018-07-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18125980.2018.1554980">"Traditional Music and the Expression of Yoruba Socio-cultural Values: A Historical Analysis"</a>. <i>Muziki</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 61–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F18125980.2018.1554980">10.1080/18125980.2018.1554980</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1812-5980">1812-5980</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218637202">218637202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muziki&rft.atitle=Traditional+Music+and+the+Expression+of+Yoruba+Socio-cultural+Values%3A+A+Historical+Analysis&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=61-74&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218637202%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1812-5980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F18125980.2018.1554980&rft.aulast=Bab%C3%A1t%C3%BAnd%C3%A9+Yussuf&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Oladipo+Ol%C3%BAb%C3%B2m%C4%99h%C3%ACn%2C+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F18125980.2018.1554980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoruba+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turino, pgs. 181–182; Bensignor, François with Eric Audra, and Ronnie Graham, "Afro-Funksters" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the <i>Rough Guide to World Music</i>, pgs. 432–436 and pgs. 588–600; Karolyi, pg. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turino, pgs. 181–182; Bensignor, François with Eric Audra, and Ronnie Graham, "Afro-Funksters" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the <i>Rough Guide to World Music</i>, pgs. 432–436 and pgs. 588–600; Karolyi, pg. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, A.M. (1959: 210-213) <i>Studies in African Music</i>. 1978 edition: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-713512-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-713512-9">0-19-713512-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, Anthony (1960). "The Employment of the Standard Pattern in Yoruba Music" <i>American Music Society Journal</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novotney, Eugene D. (1998: 155). Thesis: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unlockingclave.com/3-2-thesis-abstract.html"><i>The 3:2 Relationship as the Foundation of Timelines in West African Musics</i></a>, <i>UnlockingClave.com</i>. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peñalosa, David (2010: 55). <i>The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins</i>. Redway, California: Bembe Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886502-80-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-886502-80-3">1-886502-80-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ogogo" <i>Yoruba Drums from Benin, West Africa</i>. Smithsonain CD 04294 (1980).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, Anthony (1961). <i>Yoruba Sacred Music from Ekiti</i> p. 15. Ibadan: University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peñalosa, David (2010). <i>The Clave Matrix</i> p. 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Randle. F.Grass, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/1145717">Fela Anikulapo-Kuti: <i>The Art of an Afrobeat Rebel</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/The_MIT_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The MIT Press">The MIT Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/TDR_(journal)" title="TDR (journal)">TDR (journal)</a>, vol. 30, no.1, 1986 pp. 131-148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Alan Waterman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0226874656"><i>Jùjú: A Social History and Ethnography of an African Popular Music</i></a>, (ed Paperback), Chicargo, University of Chicargo Press, 1990 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-87465-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-87465-6">0-226-87465-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turino, pgs. 181–182; Bensignor, François with Eric Audra, and Ronnie Graham, "Afro-Funksters" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the <i>Rough Guide to World Music</i>, pgs. 432–436 and pgs. 588–600; Karolyi, pg. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turino, pgs. 181–182; Bensignor, François with Eric Audra, and Ronnie Graham, "Afro-Funksters" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the <i>Rough Guide to World Music</i>, pgs. 432–436 and pgs. 588–600; Karolyi, pg. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turino, pgs. 181–182; Bensignor, François with Eric Audra, and Ronnie Graham, "Afro-Funksters" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the <i>Rough Guide to World Music</i>, pgs. 432–436 and pgs. 588–600; Karolyi, pg. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lagbaja.com/drums/dundun.php">Saworo</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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title="Ekiti people">Ekiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilaje" title="Ilaje">Ilaje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olukumi_people" title="Olukumi people">Olukumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoruboid_languages" title="Yoruboid languages">Yoruboid languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Ulukwumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucum%C3%AD_language" title="Lucumí language">Lucumí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ede_language" title="Ede language">Ede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A8_language" title="Ifè language">Ifè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokole_language_(Benin)" title="Mokole language (Benin)">Mokole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsekiri_language" title="Itsekiri language">Itsekiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igala_language" title="Igala language">Igala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Dassa" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa">Rulers of Dassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Icha" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Icha">Rulers of Icha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Ketu" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu">Rulers of Ketu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Yoruba_state_of_Sabe" title="List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Sabe">Rulers of Sabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olota_of_Ota" title="Olota of Ota">Olota of Ota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijebu_Kingdom" title="Ijebu Kingdom">Ijebu Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egba_Alake" class="mw-redirect" title="Egba Alake">Egba Alake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwo_Kingdom" title="Iwo Kingdom">Iwo Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owu_Kingdom" title="Owu Kingdom">Owu Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondo_Kingdom" title="Ondo Kingdom">Ondo Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akure_Kingdom" title="Akure Kingdom">Akure Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oke_Ila" title="Oke Ila">Oke Ila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ila_Yara" title="Ila Yara">Ila Yara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ila_Orangun" title="Ila Orangun">Ila Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idoani_Confederacy" title="Idoani Confederacy">Idoani Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Region,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Region, Nigeria">Western Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nigeria" title="Politics of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography<br />(<a href="/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precolonial state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_country" title="Yoruba country">Yoruba country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ou%C3%A9m%C3%A9_Department" title="Ouémé Department">Ouémé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau_Department" title="Plateau Department">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collines_Department" title="Collines Department">Collines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgou_Department" title="Borgou Department">Borgou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibori_Department" title="Alibori Department">Alibori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_Department" title="Zou Department">Zou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donga_Department" title="Donga Department">Donga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau_Department" title="Plateau Department">Plateau (Kétou)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_State" title="Lagos State">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_State" title="Oyo State">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogun_State" title="Ogun State">Ogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osun_State" title="Osun State">Osun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondo_State" title="Ondo State">Ondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekiti_State" title="Ekiti State">Ekiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwara">Kwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kogi">Kogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_State" title="Edo State">Edo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilorin" title="Ilorin">Ilorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%E1%BA%B9okuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Abẹokuta">Abẹokuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo,_Oyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyo, Oyo">Ọyọ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ife" class="mw-redirect" title="Ife">Ilé-Ifẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akure" title="Akure">Akure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogbomosho" title="Ogbomosho">Ogbomosho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owo,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Owo, Nigeria">Owo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osogbo" title="Osogbo">Osogbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ado-Ekiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ado-Ekiti">Ado-Ekiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwo,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwo, Nigeria">Iwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondo_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Ondo City">Ondo City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Novo" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto Novo">Porto Novo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people#Demographics" title="Yoruba people">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saros_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saros (Nigeria)">Saros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Creole_people" title="Sierra Leone Creole people">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian British">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba American">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Canadians" title="Yoruba Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucumi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucumi people">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaicans_of_African_ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaicans of African ancestry">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro Brazilian">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_culture" title="Yoruba culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_traditional_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba traditional art">Art</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highlife" title="Highlife">Highlife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" title="Yoruba calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruboid_languages" title="Yoruboid languages">Yoruboid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_numerals" title="Yoruba numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_literature" title="Yoruba literature">Literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education & philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yor%C3%B9b%C3%A1_medicine" title="Yorùbá medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_architecture" title="Yoruba architecture">Architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yoruba Wikipedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oj%C3%BAew%C3%A9_%C3%80k%E1%BB%8D%CC%81k%E1%BB%8D%CC%81" class="extiw" title="yo:Ojúewé Àkọ́kọ́">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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