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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Totenpass</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Orphicae Lamellae – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Orphicae Lamellae" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ορφικές πινακίδες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορφικές πινακίδες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totenpass" title="Totenpass – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Totenpass" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="توتن‌پس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توتن‌پس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamine_orfiche" title="Lamine orfiche – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lamine orfiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamellae_Orphicae" title="Lamellae Orphicae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lamellae Orphicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">"passport of the dead" in some ancient Greco-Roman religions</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fayum_Portrait_of_a_Boy_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Fayum_Portrait_of_a_Boy_%28detail%29.jpg/200px-Fayum_Portrait_of_a_Boy_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Fayum_Portrait_of_a_Boy_%28detail%29.jpg/300px-Fayum_Portrait_of_a_Boy_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Fayum_Portrait_of_a_Boy_%28detail%29.jpg/400px-Fayum_Portrait_of_a_Boy_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A Totenpass in the form of an inscribed metal leaf was sometimes rolled up and inserted into a necklace capsule, as shown in this 2nd-century <a href="/wiki/Fayum_mummy_portraits" title="Fayum mummy portraits">funerary portrait from Egypt</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Totenpass</b></i> (plural <i>Totenpässe</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> term sometimes used for <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">inscribed</a> tablets or metal leaves found in burials primarily of those presumed to be initiates into <a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysiac</a>, and some ancient <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic religions</a>. The term may be understood in English as a "<a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">passport</a> for the dead".<sup id="cite_ref-Kotansky1991_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kotansky1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The so-called Orphic gold tablets are perhaps the best-known example. </p><p><i>Totenpässe</i> are placed on or near the body as a phylactery, or rolled and inserted into a capsule often worn around the neck as an <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amulet</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">inscription</a> instructs the initiate on how to navigate the <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">afterlife</a>, including directions for avoiding hazards in the landscape of the dead and formulaic responses to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">underworld</a> judges. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orphic_Gold_Tablet_(Thessaly-The_Getty_Villa,_Malibu).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Orphic_Gold_Tablet_%28Thessaly-The_Getty_Villa%2C_Malibu%29.jpg/220px-Orphic_Gold_Tablet_%28Thessaly-The_Getty_Villa%2C_Malibu%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Orphic_Gold_Tablet_%28Thessaly-The_Getty_Villa%2C_Malibu%29.jpg/330px-Orphic_Gold_Tablet_%28Thessaly-The_Getty_Villa%2C_Malibu%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Orphic_Gold_Tablet_%28Thessaly-The_Getty_Villa%2C_Malibu%29.jpg/440px-Orphic_Gold_Tablet_%28Thessaly-The_Getty_Villa%2C_Malibu%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1038" /></a><figcaption>4th century BC gold orphic tablet from the Getty Museum, Los Angeles</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laminetta_orfica_in_oro,_con_istruzioni_per_il_regno_dei_morti,_dalla_necropoli_occidentale_di_hipponion,_410_ac_ca._02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Laminetta_orfica_in_oro%2C_con_istruzioni_per_il_regno_dei_morti%2C_dalla_necropoli_occidentale_di_hipponion%2C_410_ac_ca._02.jpg/220px-Laminetta_orfica_in_oro%2C_con_istruzioni_per_il_regno_dei_morti%2C_dalla_necropoli_occidentale_di_hipponion%2C_410_ac_ca._02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Laminetta_orfica_in_oro%2C_con_istruzioni_per_il_regno_dei_morti%2C_dalla_necropoli_occidentale_di_hipponion%2C_410_ac_ca._02.jpg/330px-Laminetta_orfica_in_oro%2C_con_istruzioni_per_il_regno_dei_morti%2C_dalla_necropoli_occidentale_di_hipponion%2C_410_ac_ca._02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Laminetta_orfica_in_oro%2C_con_istruzioni_per_il_regno_dei_morti%2C_dalla_necropoli_occidentale_di_hipponion%2C_410_ac_ca._02.jpg/440px-Laminetta_orfica_in_oro%2C_con_istruzioni_per_il_regno_dei_morti%2C_dalla_necropoli_occidentale_di_hipponion%2C_410_ac_ca._02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3398" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Gold <i>lamella</i> from <a href="/wiki/Hipponion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipponion">Hipponion</a>, unrolled</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Totenpass&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">The Getty Museum</a> owns an outstanding example of a 4th-century BC Orphic prayer sheet from <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>, a gold-leaf rectangle measuring about 26 by 38 mm (1.0 by 1.5 in).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The burial site of a woman also in Thessaly and dating to the late 4th<span class="nowrap"> </span>century BC yielded a pair of <i>Totenpässe</i> in the form of <i>lamellae</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, "thin metal sheets", singular <i>lamella</i>). Although the term "<a href="/wiki/Metal_leaf" title="Metal leaf">leaf</a>" to describe metal foil is a modern metaphorical usage,<sup id="cite_ref-Ogden2001_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogden2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these <i>lamellae</i> were in this case cut in the shape of <a href="/wiki/Leaf_shape" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf shape">cordate leaves</a> probably meant to represent <a href="/wiki/Ivy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivy">ivy</a>; most <i>Totenpässe</i> of this type are rectangular. The <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek lettering</a> is not inscribed in regular lines as it is on the rectangular tablets, but rambles to fit the shape. The leaves are paper-thin and small, one measuring 40 by 31 mm (1.6 by 1.2 in) and the other 35 by 30 mm (1.4 by 1.2 in). They had been arranged symmetrically on the woman's chest, with her lips sealed by a gold <i><a href="/wiki/Danake" title="Danake">danake</a></i>, or "<a href="/wiki/Charon%27s_obol" title="Charon's obol">Charon's obol</a>", the coin that pays the ferryman of the dead for passage; this particular coin depicted the head of a <a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgon</a>. Also placed in the tomb was a <a href="/wiki/Greek_terracotta_figurines" title="Greek terracotta figurines">terracotta figurine</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">maenad</a>, one of the ecstatic women in the retinue of <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsantsanoglou1987_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsantsanoglou1987-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the meandering and fragile text poses difficulties, the inscriptions appear to speak of the unity of life and death and of <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">rebirth</a>, possibly in divine form. The deceased is supposed to stand before <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a>, Queen of the Dead, and assert "I have been released by <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Dionysus" title="Cult of Dionysus">Bacchios</a> himself."<sup id="cite_ref-Tsantsanoglou1987_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsantsanoglou1987-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Totenpass&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mnemosyne_(color)_Rossetti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mnemosyne_%28color%29_Rossetti.jpg/150px-Mnemosyne_%28color%29_Rossetti.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mnemosyne_%28color%29_Rossetti.jpg/225px-Mnemosyne_%28color%29_Rossetti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mnemosyne_%28color%29_Rossetti.jpg/300px-Mnemosyne_%28color%29_Rossetti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="2892" /></a><figcaption><i>Mnemosyne</i> (1881), a <a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Raphaelite">pre-Raphaelite</a> interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">goddess of memory</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti" title="Dante Gabriel Rossetti">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Zuntz" title="Günther Zuntz">Günther Zuntz</a> made the most complete survey of gold tablets discovered up to 1971 (at <a href="/wiki/Thurii" title="Thurii">Thurii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, and elsewhere), categorizing them into three groups that have become the <a href="/wiki/Typology_(archaeology)" title="Typology (archaeology)">typological</a> standard. Zuntz presented<sup id="cite_ref-Zuntz1971_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zuntz1971-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics)">transcribed</a> text coupled with a reconstruction, and interpreted their religious foundation as <a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagorean</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fontenrose1974_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontenrose1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">Philologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Janko" title="Richard Janko">Richard Janko</a> proposed that Group<span class="nowrap"> </span>B from Zuntz's collection derived from a single archetype, for which he offered a hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> text and the following English translation while attempting, he emphasized, not to rely on preconceptions about underlying <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>You will find on the right in <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a>' halls a spring, and by it stands a ghostly <a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">cypress</a>-tree, where the dead souls descending wash away their lives. Do not even draw nigh this spring. Further on you will find chill water flowing from the pool of <a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Memory</a>: over this stand guardians. They will ask you with keen mind what is your quest in the gloom of deadly Hades. They will ask you for what reason you have come. Tell them the whole truth straight out. Say: 'I am the son of Earth and starry Heaven, but of Heaven is my birth: this you know yourselves. I am parched with thirst and perishing: give me quickly chill water flowing from the pool of Memory.' Assuredly the kings of the underworld take pity on you, and will themselves give you water from the spring divine; then you, when you have drunk, traverse the holy path which other initiates and <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Dionysus" title="Cult of Dionysus">bacchants</a> tread in glory. After that you will rule amongst the other heroes.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The most widely available source that discusses the Orphic gold tablets is the classic (if largely superseded) <i>Orpheus and Greek Religion</i> by <a href="/wiki/W._K._C._Guthrie" title="W. K. C. Guthrie">W. K. C. Guthrie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guthrie1966_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guthrie1966-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first decade of the 2000s, some scholars questioned the usefulness of the term "Orphic" as well as the unity of religious belief underlying the gold tablets;<sup id="cite_ref-Edmonds2004_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmonds2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others defended the association of the tablets with Orphism.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernabé2008_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernabé2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Totenpässe</i> have also been found in tombs from <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> dating from the 2nd<span class="nowrap"> </span>century BC and later. These tiny gold sheets employ a formulaic consolation that appears regularly on funerary <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">steles</a> in the area: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">θάρσει</span></span>, (here the name of the deceased is inserted), <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">οὐδεὶς ἀθάνατος</span></span> ("Take courage, [name], no one is immortal"). In one instance, the inscribed tablet was shaped like a funerary headband, with holes to bind it around the forehead.<sup id="cite_ref-Kotansky1991_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kotansky1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jordan1994_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jordan1994-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Totenpass&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kotansky1991-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kotansky1991_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kotansky1991_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoy_Kotansky1991" class="citation book cs1">Roy Kotansky (1991). "Incantations and Prayers for Salvation on Inscribed Greek Amulets: The Magic <i>Lamellae</i>". In <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Faraone" title="Christopher A. Faraone">Christopher A. Faraone</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Obbink" title="Dirk Obbink">Dirk Obbink</a> (eds.). <i>Magika Hiera</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Incantations+and+Prayers+for+Salvation+on+Inscribed+Greek+Amulets%3A+The+Magic+Lamellae&rft.btitle=Magika+Hiera&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Roy+Kotansky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of September 17, 2008, <a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">The Getty Villa Malibu</a> had this Orphic <i>lamella</i> on exhibition; information about the piece <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=8289">online.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ogden2001-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ogden2001_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Ogden2001" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Ogden (2001). <i>Greek and Roman Necromancy</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+and+Roman+Necromancy&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Daniel+Ogden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsantsanoglou1987-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tsantsanoglou1987_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tsantsanoglou1987_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._TsantsanoglouGeorge_M._Parássoglou1987" class="citation journal cs1">K. Tsantsanoglou; George M. Parássoglou (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.ems.gr/ekdoseis/ellinika/Ellinika_38_1/ekd_peel_38_1_Tsantsanoglou.pdf">"Two Gold Lamellae from Thessaly"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Hellenica</i> (38): 3–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hellenica&rft.atitle=Two+Gold+Lamellae+from+Thessaly&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=3-5&rft.date=1987&rft.au=K.+Tsantsanoglou&rft.au=George+M.+Par%C3%A1ssoglou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.ems.gr%2Fekdoseis%2Fellinika%2FEllinika_38_1%2Fekd_peel_38_1_Tsantsanoglou.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zuntz1971-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zuntz1971_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGünther_Zuntz1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Zuntz" title="Günther Zuntz">Günther Zuntz</a> (1971). "The Gold Leaves". <i>Persephone: Three Essays on Religion and Thought in Magna Graecia</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gold+Leaves&rft.btitle=Persephone%3A+Three+Essays+on+Religion+and+Thought+in+Magna+Graecia&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.au=G%C3%BCnther+Zuntz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fontenrose1974-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fontenrose1974_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Fontenrose1974" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fontenrose" title="Joseph Fontenrose">Joseph Fontenrose</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/268974">"Review of 'Persephone: Three Essays...'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Classical Philology</i> (69): 60–63. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/268974">268974</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Classical+Philology&rft.atitle=Review+of+%27Persephone%3A+Three+Essays...%27&rft.issue=69&rft.pages=60-63&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F268974%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Joseph+Fontenrose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F268974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the problematic relation between <a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">grave goods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">eschatology</a>, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Morris1992" class="citation book cs1">Ian Morris (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oMGiB3RV__EC&pg=PA18"><i>Death-ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 17–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-37611-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-37611-2"><bdi>978-0-521-37611-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death-ritual+and+Social+Structure+in+Classical+Antiquity&rft.pages=17-18&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-37611-2&rft.au=Ian+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoMGiB3RV__EC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Janko, "Forgetfulness in the Golden Tablets of Memory," <i>Classical Quarterly</i> 34 (1984) 89–100, especially p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guthrie1966-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guthrie1966_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW.K.C._Guthrie1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/W.K.C._Guthrie" class="mw-redirect" title="W.K.C. Guthrie">W.K.C. Guthrie</a> (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-C6wNyrxUO8C"><i>Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement</i></a> (Revised ed.). New York: Norton. pp. 171–182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-02499-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-02499-5"><bdi>0-691-02499-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orpheus+and+Greek+Religion%3A+A+Study+of+the+Orphic+Movement&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=171-182&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-691-02499-5&rft.au=W.K.C.+Guthrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-C6wNyrxUO8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edmonds2004-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edmonds2004_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadcliffe_G._Edmonds_III2004" class="citation book cs1">Radcliffe G. Edmonds III (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I_YkMvUVoyYC"><i>Myths of the Underworld Journey: Plato, Aristophanes, and the 'Orphic' Gold Tablets</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-45600-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-45600-5"><bdi>978-1-139-45600-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myths+of+the+Underworld+Journey%3A+Plato%2C+Aristophanes%2C+and+the+%27Orphic%27+Gold+Tablets&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-139-45600-5&rft.au=Radcliffe+G.+Edmonds+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI_YkMvUVoyYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernabé2008-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bernabé2008_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberto_BernabéAna_Isabel_Jiménez_San_Cristóbal2008" class="citation book cs1">Alberto Bernabé; Ana Isabel Jiménez San Cristóbal (2008). <i>Instructions for the Netherworld: The Orphic Gold Tablets</i>. Boston: Brill. pp. 204–205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Instructions+for+the+Netherworld%3A+The+Orphic+Gold+Tablets&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=204-205&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Alberto+Bernab%C3%A9&rft.au=Ana+Isabel+Jim%C3%A9nez+San+Crist%C3%B3bal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jordan1994-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jordan1994_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_R._Jordan1996" class="citation journal cs1">David R. Jordan (1996). "Review of 'Greek Magical Amulets' by Kotansky (Opladen, 1994)". <i>Journal of Hellenic Studies</i> (116): 233–234.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hellenic+Studies&rft.atitle=Review+of+%27Greek+Magical+Amulets%27+by+Kotansky+%28Opladen%2C+1994%29&rft.issue=116&rft.pages=233-234&rft.date=1996&rft.au=David+R.+Jordan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Totenpass&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberto_BernabéAna_Isabel_Jiménez_San_Cristóbal2008" class="citation book cs1">Alberto Bernabé; Ana Isabel Jiménez San Cristóbal (2008). <i>Instructions for the Netherworld: The Orphic Gold Tablets</i>. Boston: Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Instructions+for+the+Netherworld%3A+The+Orphic+Gold+Tablets&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Alberto+Bernab%C3%A9&rft.au=Ana+Isabel+Jim%C3%A9nez+San+Crist%C3%B3bal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberto_Bernabé2008" class="citation journal cs1">Alberto Bernabé (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20476511">"Some Thoughts about the 'New' Gold Tablet from Pherai"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i>. <b>166</b> (166): 53–58. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20476511">20476511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Papyrologie+und+Epigraphik&rft.atitle=Some+Thoughts+about+the+%27New%27+Gold+Tablet+from+Pherai&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=166&rft.pages=53-58&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20476511%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Alberto+Bernab%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20476511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomenico_ComparettiCecil_Smith1882" class="citation journal cs1">Domenico Comparetti; Cecil Smith (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8aYktUsBYC4C&pg=PA111">"The Petelia Gold Tablet"</a>. <i>The Journal of Hellenic Studies</i> (3): 111–118.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Hellenic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Petelia+Gold+Tablet&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=111-118&rft.date=1882&rft.au=Domenico+Comparetti&rft.au=Cecil+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8aYktUsBYC4C%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_W._Dickie1995" class="citation journal cs1">Matthew W. Dickie (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20189634">"The Dionysiac mysteries in Pella"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i>. <b>109</b> (109): 81–86. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20189634">20189634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Papyrologie+und+Epigraphik&rft.atitle=The+Dionysiac+mysteries+in+Pella&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=109&rft.pages=81-86&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20189634%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Matthew+W.+Dickie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20189634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadcliffe_Edmonds2004" class="citation book cs1">Radcliffe Edmonds (2004). <i>Myths of the Underworld Journey: Plato, Aristophanes, and the 'Orphic' Gold Tablets</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myths+of+the+Underworld+Journey%3A+Plato%2C+Aristophanes%2C+and+the+%27Orphic%27+Gold+Tablets&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Radcliffe+Edmonds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranco_FerrariLucia_Prauscello2007" class="citation journal cs1">Franco Ferrari; Lucia Prauscello (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20191344">"Demeter Chthonia and the Mountain Mother in a New Gold Tablet from Magoula Mati"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i>. <b>162</b> (162): 193–202. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20191344">20191344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Papyrologie+und+Epigraphik&rft.atitle=Demeter+Chthonia+and+the+Mountain+Mother+in+a+New+Gold+Tablet+from+Magoula+Mati&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=162&rft.pages=193-202&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20191344%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Franco+Ferrari&rft.au=Lucia+Prauscello&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20191344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Freh1994" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">J. Freh (1994). "Una nuova laminella 'orfica'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Eirene</i> (in Italian) (30): 183–184.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eirene&rft.atitle=Una+nuova+laminella+%27orfica%27&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=183-184&rft.date=1994&rft.au=J.+Freh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFritz_GrafSarah_Iles_Johnston2007" class="citation book cs1">Fritz Graf; Sarah Iles Johnston (2007). <i>Ritual Texts for the Afterlife: Orpheus and the Bacchic Gold Tablets</i>. New York: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ritual+Texts+for+the+Afterlife%3A+Orpheus+and+the+Bacchic+Gold+Tablets&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Fritz+Graf&rft.au=Sarah+Iles+Johnston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiroslav_Marcovich1976" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Marcovich" title="Miroslav Marcovich">Miroslav Marcovich</a> (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20181256">"The Gold Leaf from Hipponion"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i>. <b>23</b> (23): 221–224. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20181256">20181256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Papyrologie+und+Epigraphik&rft.atitle=The+Gold+Leaf+from+Hipponion&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=221-224&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20181256%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Miroslav+Marcovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20181256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_F._McClay2023" class="citation book cs1">Mark F. McClay (2023). <i>The Bacchic gold tablets and poetic tradition: memory and performance</i>. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108833783" title="Special:BookSources/9781108833783"><bdi>9781108833783</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bacchic+gold+tablets+and+poetic+tradition%3A+memory+and+performance&rft.place=Cambridge%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781108833783&rft.au=Mark+F.+McClay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinhold_Merkelbach1977" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Merkelbach" class="extiw" title="de:Reinhold Merkelbach">Reinhold Merkelbach</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20181372">"Ein neues 'orphisches' Goldblättchen"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i> (in German). <b>25</b> (25): 276. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20181372">20181372</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Papyrologie+und+Epigraphik&rft.atitle=Ein+neues+%27orphisches%27+Goldbl%C3%A4ttchen.&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=276&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20181372%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Reinhold+Merkelbach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20181372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinhold_Merkelbach1989" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Merkelbach" class="extiw" title="de:Reinhold Merkelbach">Reinhold Merkelbach</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20187001">"Zwei neue orphisch-dionysische Totenpässe"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i> (in German). <b>76</b> (76): 15–16. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20187001">20187001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Papyrologie+und+Epigraphik&rft.atitle=Zwei+neue+orphisch-dionysische+Totenp%C3%A4sse&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=76&rft.pages=15-16&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20187001%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Reinhold+Merkelbach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20187001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinhold_Merkelbach1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Merkelbach" class="extiw" title="de:Reinhold Merkelbach">Reinhold Merkelbach</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20190503">"Die goldenen Totenpässe: ägyptisch, orphisch, bakchisch"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i> (in German). <b>128</b> (128): 1–13. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20190503">20190503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Papyrologie+und+Epigraphik&rft.atitle=Die+goldenen+Totenp%C3%A4sse%3A+%C3%A4gyptisch%2C+orphisch%2C+bakchisch&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=128&rft.pages=1-13&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20190503%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Reinhold+Merkelbach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20190503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span> (A collection of examples providing the Greek texts with German translation, also line drawings of Egyptian examples.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGünther_Zuntz1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Zuntz" title="Günther Zuntz">Günther Zuntz</a> (1971). <i>Persephone: Three Essays on Religion and Thought in Magna Graecia</i>. Oxford: Clarendon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persephone%3A+Three+Essays+on+Religion+and+Thought+in+Magna+Graecia&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon&rft.date=1971&rft.au=G%C3%BCnther+Zuntz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATotenpass" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totenpass&oldid=1260255666">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totenpass&oldid=1260255666</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Death_customs" title="Category:Death customs">Death customs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Category:Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greek religion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_religion" title="Category:Ancient Roman religion">Ancient Roman religion</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_interwiki-linked_names" title="Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names">CS1 interwiki-linked names</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 November 2024, at 19:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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