CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Maenad - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5833d89c-f839-4497-87b1-4aad26f39f96","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Maenad","wgTitle":"Maenad","wgCurRevisionId":1257410492,"wgRevisionId":1257410492,"wgArticleId":77235,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Pages with Greek IPA","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from January 2019","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022","Articles needing additional references from January 2019","All articles needing additional references", "Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Maenads","Companions of Dionysus","Dance in Greek mythology","Greek legendary creatures","Nymphs"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Maenad","wgRelevantArticleId":77235,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample" :false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q209599","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1198"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg/800px-Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="798"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg/640px-Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="639"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Maenad - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maenad"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maenad"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Maenad rootpage-Maenad skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Maenad" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Maenad" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Maenad" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Maenad" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Cult_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cult_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Cult worship</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cult_worship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cult worship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cult_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bacchanalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacchanalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bacchanalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacchanalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priestesses_of_Dionysus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priestesses_of_Dionysus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Priestesses of Dionysus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priestesses_of_Dionysus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Myths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Myths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Myths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Myths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nurses_and_nymphs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nurses_and_nymphs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nurses and nymphs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nurses_and_nymphs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resisters_to_the_new_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resisters_to_the_new_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Resisters to the new religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resisters_to_the_new_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voluntary_revelers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voluntary_revelers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Voluntary revelers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voluntary_revelers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_maenads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_maenads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of maenads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_maenads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_maenads_in_Dionysiaca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_maenads_in_Dionysiaca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of maenads in Dionysiaca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_maenads_in_Dionysiaca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_in_modern_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_in_modern_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References in modern culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_in_modern_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maenad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Менади – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Менади" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menada" title="Menada – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Menada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menadezed" title="Menadezed – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Menadezed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8nades" title="Mènades – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mènades" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakchantky" title="Bakchantky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bakchantky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6nade" title="Mænade – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mænade" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4nade" title="Mänade – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mänade" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menaadid" title="Menaadid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Menaadid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Μαινάδες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαινάδες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9nades" title="Ménades – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ménades" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menado" title="Menado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Menado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menade" title="Menade – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Menade" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مایناد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایناد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9nades" title="Ménades – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ménades" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainade" title="Mainade – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mainade" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98%EC%8A%A4" title="마이나스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이나스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menade" title="Menade – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Menade" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menado" title="Menado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Menado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainad" title="Mainad – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mainad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menadi" title="Menadi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Menadi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maenades" title="Maenades – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maenades" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menad%C4%97s" title="Menadės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Menadės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maenaden" title="Maenaden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maenaden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B9_(%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1)" title="マイナス (ギリシア神話) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイナス (ギリシア神話)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6nade" title="Mænade – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mænade" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menady" title="Menady – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Menady" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9nades" title="Ménades – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ménades" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menade" title="Menade – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Menade" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вакханки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вакханки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Менаде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Менаде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menade" title="Menade – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Menade" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainadit" title="Mainadit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mainadit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menader" title="Menader – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Menader" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maenad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вакханки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вакханки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E9%82%A3%E5%BE%97%E6%96%AF" title="迈那得斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="迈那得斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q209599#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Maenad" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maenad"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maenad"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Maenad" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Maenad" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&oldid=1257410492" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Maenad&id=1257410492&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaenad"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaenad"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Maenad&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maenads" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q209599" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Female follower of Dionysus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bassarids" redirects here. For the opera, see <a href="/wiki/The_Bassarids" title="The Bassarids">The Bassarids</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg/250px-Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg/375px-Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg/500px-Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="981" /></a><figcaption>Maenad carrying a <a href="/wiki/Thyrsus" title="Thyrsus">thyrsus</a> and a leopard with a snake rolled up over her head. <a href="/wiki/Tondo_(art)" title="Tondo (art)">Tondo</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek</a> Attic white-ground <a href="/wiki/Kylix_(drinking_cup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kylix (drinking cup)">kylix</a> 490–480 BC from <a href="/wiki/Vulci" title="Vulci">Vulci</a>. Staatliche Antikensammlungen, Munich, Germany.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancing_Maenad_Met_35.11.3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Dancing_Maenad_Met_35.11.3.jpg/220px-Dancing_Maenad_Met_35.11.3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Dancing_Maenad_Met_35.11.3.jpg/330px-Dancing_Maenad_Met_35.11.3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Dancing_Maenad_Met_35.11.3.jpg/440px-Dancing_Maenad_Met_35.11.3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2350" data-file-height="4150" /></a><figcaption>Dancing Maenad Roman copy of Greek original attributed to Kallimachos <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 425</span>–400 BCE at the Metropolitan Museum of Art</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <b>maenads</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">μαινάδες</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[maiˈnades]</a></span>) were the female followers of <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> and the most significant members of his retinue, the <i><a href="/wiki/Thiasus" title="Thiasus">thiasus</a></i>. Their name, which comes from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B9#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:μαίνομαι">μαίνομαι</a> (<i>maínomai</i>, “to rave, to be mad; to rage, to be angry”),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> literally translates as 'raving ones'. Maenads were known as <b>Bassarids</b>, <b>Bacchae</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>, or <b>Bacchantes</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman mythology</a> after the penchant of the equivalent Roman god, <a href="/wiki/Bacchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacchus">Bacchus</a>, to wear a <a href="/wiki/Bassaris" title="Bassaris">bassaris</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">fox</a> skin. </p><p>Often the maenads were portrayed as inspired by Dionysus into a state of <a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_(emotion)" title="Ecstasy (emotion)">ecstatic frenzy</a> through a combination of dancing and <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">intoxication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wiles_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiles-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During these rites, the maenads would dress in <a href="/wiki/Fawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Fawn">fawn</a> skins and carry a <a href="/wiki/Thyrsus" title="Thyrsus">thyrsus</a>, a long stick wrapped in ivy or vine leaves and tipped with a <a href="/wiki/Pine_cone" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine cone">pine cone</a>. They would weave ivy-wreaths around their heads or wear a bull helmet in honor of their god, and often handle or wear snakes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These women were <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythologized</a> as the "mad women" who were nurses of Dionysus in <a href="/wiki/Nysa_(mythology)" title="Nysa (mythology)">Nysa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycurgus of Thrace">Lycurgus</a> "chased the Nurses of the frenzied Dionysus through the holy hills of Nysa, and the sacred implements dropped to the ground from the hands of one and all, as the murderous Lycurgus struck them down with his ox-goad".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They went into the mountains at night and practised strange rites.<sup id="cite_ref-lever_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lever-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>'s <i>Life of Alexander</i>, maenads were called <i>Mimallones</i> and <i>Klodones</i> in <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a>, epithets derived from the feminine art of spinning wool.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, these warlike <i>parthenoi</i> ("virgins") from the hills, associated with a <i>Dionysios pseudanor</i> ("fake male Dionysus"), routed an invading enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In southern Greece they were described as <i>Bacchae</i>, <i>Bassarides</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thyia_(mythology)" title="Thyia (mythology)">Thyiades</a></i>, <i>Potniades</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2019)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and other epithets.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term maenad has come to be associated with a wide variety of women, supernatural, mythological, and historical,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> associated with the god Dionysus and his worship. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancing_maenad_Python_BM_VaseF253.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dancing_maenad_Python_BM_VaseF253.jpg/220px-Dancing_maenad_Python_BM_VaseF253.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dancing_maenad_Python_BM_VaseF253.jpg/330px-Dancing_maenad_Python_BM_VaseF253.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dancing_maenad_Python_BM_VaseF253.jpg/440px-Dancing_maenad_Python_BM_VaseF253.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2350" data-file-height="3560" /></a><figcaption>Dancing maenad. Detail from an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a> <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red figure</a> <a href="/wiki/Skyphos" title="Skyphos">skyphos</a>, made by Python, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 330</span>–320 BC, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, London.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>' play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bacchae" title="The Bacchae">The Bacchae</a></i>, maenads of <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a> murder <a href="/wiki/Pentheus" title="Pentheus">King Pentheus</a> after he bans the worship of Dionysus. Dionysus, Pentheus' cousin, himself lures Pentheus to the woods, where the maenads tear him apart. His corpse is mutilated by his own mother, <a href="/wiki/Agave_(Theban_princess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agave (Theban princess)">Agave</a>, who tears off his head, believing it to be that of a lion. A group of maenads also kill <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he refuses to entertain them while mourning his dead wife. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">ceramic art</a>, the frolicking of Maenads and Dionysus is often a theme depicted on <a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">kraters</a>, used to mix water and wine. These scenes show the maenads in their frenzy running in the forests, often tearing to pieces any animal they happen to come across.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>German <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Friedrich_Otto" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Friedrich Otto">Walter Friedrich Otto</a> writes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>The Bacchae</i> of Euripides gives us the most vital picture of the wonderful circumstance in which, as <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> says in the <i><a href="/wiki/Ion_(dialogue)" title="Ion (dialogue)">Ion</a></i>, the god-intoxicated celebrants draw milk and honey from the streams. They strike rocks with the thyrsus, and water gushes forth. They lower the thyrsus to the earth, and a spring of wine bubbles up. If they want milk, they scratch up the ground with their fingers and draw up the milky fluid. Honey trickles down from the thyrsus made of the wood of the ivy, they gird themselves with snakes and give suck to fawns and wolf cubs as if they were infants at the breast. Fire does not burn them. No weapon of iron can wound them, and the snakes harmlessly lick up the sweat from their heated cheeks. Fierce bulls fall to the ground, victims to numberless, tearing female hands, and sturdy trees are torn up by the roots with their combined efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cult_worship">Cult worship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Cult worship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacchanalia">Bacchanalia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bacchanalia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bacchanalia" title="Bacchanalia">Bacchanalia</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Maenad" title="Special:EditPage/Maenad">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cultist rites associated with the worship of the Greek god of wine, Dionysus (or <a href="/wiki/Bacchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacchus">Bacchus</a> in Roman mythology), were characterized by maniacal dancing to the sound of loud music and crashing cymbals, in which the revelers, called Bacchantes, whirled, screamed, became drunk and incited one another to greater and greater ecstasy. The goal was to achieve a state of enthusiasm in which the celebrants' souls were temporarily freed from their earthly bodies and were able to commune with Bacchus/Dionysus and gain a glimpse of and a preparation for what they would someday experience in eternity. The rite climaxed in a performance of frenzied feats of strength and madness, such as uprooting trees, tearing a <a href="/wiki/Bull" title="Bull">bull</a> (the symbol of Dionysus) apart with their bare hands, an act called <i><a href="/wiki/Sparagmos" title="Sparagmos">sparagmos</a></i>, and eating its flesh raw, an act called <i><a href="/wiki/Omophagia" title="Omophagia">omophagia</a></i>. This latter rite was a sacrament akin to communion in which the participants assumed the strength and character of the god by symbolically eating the raw flesh and drinking the blood of his symbolic incarnation. Having symbolically eaten his body and drunk his blood, the celebrants became possessed by Dionysus. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satyroi_Mainade_Louvre_K19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Satyroi_Mainade_Louvre_K19.jpg/220px-Satyroi_Mainade_Louvre_K19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Satyroi_Mainade_Louvre_K19.jpg/330px-Satyroi_Mainade_Louvre_K19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Satyroi_Mainade_Louvre_K19.jpg/440px-Satyroi_Mainade_Louvre_K19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2127" data-file-height="1839" /></a><figcaption>Two satyrs and a maenad. Side A from an ancient Greek <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red figure</a> calyx-krater from <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, 380–370 BC. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dionysos_Mainades_Cdm_Paris_222.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dionysos_Mainades_Cdm_Paris_222.jpg/220px-Dionysos_Mainades_Cdm_Paris_222.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dionysos_Mainades_Cdm_Paris_222.jpg/330px-Dionysos_Mainades_Cdm_Paris_222.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dionysos_Mainades_Cdm_Paris_222.jpg/440px-Dionysos_Mainades_Cdm_Paris_222.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1940" data-file-height="2116" /></a><figcaption>Dionysus and two maenads as depicted by the <a href="/wiki/Amasis_Painter" title="Amasis Painter">Amasis Painter</a> circa 550–530 BC.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priestesses_of_Dionysus">Priestesses of Dionysus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Priestesses of Dionysus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maenads are found in later references as priestesses of the Dionysian cult. In the third century BC, when an <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> city wanted to create a maenadic cult of Dionysus, the <a href="/wiki/Delphic_Oracle" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphic Oracle">Delphic Oracle</a> bid them send to Thebes for both instruction and three professional maenads, stating, "Go to the holy plain of Thebes so that you may get maenads who are from the family of <a href="/wiki/Ino_(Greek_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ino (Greek mythology)">Ino</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Cadmus" title="Cadmus">Cadmus</a>. They will give to you both the rites and good practices and they will establish dance groups (thiasoi) of Bacchus in your city."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Myths">Myths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Myths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dionysus came to his birthplace, Thebes, where neither <a href="/wiki/Pentheus" title="Pentheus">Pentheus</a>, his cousin who was now king, nor Pentheus' mother Agave, Dionysus' aunt (Semele's sister) acknowledged his divinity. Dionysus punished Agave by driving her insane, and in that condition, she killed her son and tore him to pieces. From Thebes, Dionysus went to Argos where all the women except the daughters of King <a href="/wiki/Proetus_(son_of_Abas)" title="Proetus (son of Abas)">Proetus</a> joined in his worship. Dionysus punished them by driving them mad, and they killed the infants who were nursing at their breasts. He did the same to the daughters of <a href="/wiki/Minyas_(mythology)" title="Minyas (mythology)">Minyas</a>, King of Orchomenos in Boetia, and then turned them into bats. </p><p>According to Opian, Dionysus delighted, as a child, in tearing kids into pieces and bringing them back to life again. He is characterized as "the raging one" and "the mad one" and the nature of the maenads, from which they get their name, is, therefore, his nature.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once during a war in the middle of the third century BC, the entranced Thyiades (maenads) lost their way and arrived in <a href="/wiki/Amphissa_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphissa (city)">Amphissa</a>, a city near Delphi. There they sank down exhausted in the market place and were overpowered by a deep sleep. The women of Amphissa formed a protective ring around them and when they awoke arranged for them to return home unmolested. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_of_Amphissa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Women_of_Amphissa.jpg/220px-Women_of_Amphissa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Women_of_Amphissa.jpg/330px-Women_of_Amphissa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Women_of_Amphissa.jpg/440px-Women_of_Amphissa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="1310" /></a><figcaption><i>The Women of Amphissa</i> by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Alma-Tadema" title="Lawrence Alma-Tadema">Lawrence Alma-Tadema</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On another occasion, the Thyiades were snowed in on <a href="/wiki/Parnassos" class="mw-redirect" title="Parnassos">Parnassos</a> and it was necessary to send a rescue party. The clothing of the men who took part in the rescue froze solid. It is unlikely that the Thyiades, even if they wore deerskins over their shoulders, were ever dressed more warmly than the men.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nurses_and_nymphs">Nurses and nymphs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nurses and nymphs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Maenad" title="Special:EditPage/Maenad">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the realm of the <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> is the category of <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymphs</a> who nurse and care for the young Dionysus, and continue in his worship as he comes of age. The god <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> is said to have carried the young Dionysus to the nymphs of Nysa. </p><p>In another myth, when his mother, Semele, is killed, the care of young Dionysus falls into the hands of his sisters, Ino, Agave, and <a href="/wiki/Autonoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonoe">Autonoe</a>, who later are depicted as participating in the rites and taking a leadership role among the other maenads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resisters_to_the_new_religion">Resisters to the new religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Resisters to the new religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kylix_by_Makron_Mainade_Satyros_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_480BC_Kat_94_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kylix_by_Makron_Mainade_Satyros_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_480BC_Kat_94_02.jpg/150px-Kylix_by_Makron_Mainade_Satyros_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_480BC_Kat_94_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kylix_by_Makron_Mainade_Satyros_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_480BC_Kat_94_02.jpg/225px-Kylix_by_Makron_Mainade_Satyros_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_480BC_Kat_94_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kylix_by_Makron_Mainade_Satyros_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_480BC_Kat_94_02.jpg/300px-Kylix_by_Makron_Mainade_Satyros_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_480BC_Kat_94_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2917" data-file-height="3677" /></a><figcaption>Maenad and <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">satyr</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Kylix_(drinking_cup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kylix (drinking cup)">kylix</a> by <a href="/wiki/Makron_(vase_painter)" title="Makron (vase painter)">Makron</a>, 490-480 BC. Staatliche Antikensammlungen München Kat. 94</figcaption></figure> <p>The term "maenads" also refers to women in mythology who resisted the worship of Dionysus and were driven mad by him, forced against their will to participate in often horrific rites. The doubting women of <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a>, the prototypical maenads or "mad women", left their homes to live in the wilds of the nearby mountain <a href="/wiki/Cithaeron" title="Cithaeron">Cithaeron</a>. When they discovered <a href="/wiki/Pentheus" title="Pentheus">Pentheus</a> spying on them, dressed as a maenad, they tore him limb from limb.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This also occurs with the three daughters of <a href="/wiki/Minyas_(mythology)" title="Minyas (mythology)">Minyas</a>, who reject Dionysus and remain true to their household duties, becoming startled by invisible drums, flutes, cymbals, and seeing ivy hanging down from their looms. As punishment for their resistance, they become madwomen, choosing the child of one of their number by lot and tearing it to pieces, as the women on the mountain did to young animals. A similar story with a tragic end is told of the daughters of <a href="/wiki/Proetus_(son_of_Abas)" title="Proetus (son of Abas)">Proetus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voluntary_revelers">Voluntary revelers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Voluntary revelers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Maenad" title="Special:EditPage/Maenad">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Not all women were inclined to resist the call of Dionysus, however. Maenads, possessed by the spirit of Dionysus, traveled with him from Thrace to mainland Greece in his quest for the recognition of his divinity. Dionysus was said to have danced down from Parnassos accompanied by Delphic virgins, and it is known that even as young girls the women in Boeotia practiced not only the closed rites but also the bearing of the thyrsus and the dances. </p><p>A possible foundation myth is the ancient festival called <a href="/wiki/Agrionia" title="Agrionia">Agrionia</a>. According to Greek authors like <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, female followers of Dionysios went in search of him and when they could not find him prepared a feast. As Plutarch records this festival, a priest would chase a group of virgins down with a sword. These women were supposed to be descendants of the women who sacrificed their son in the name of Dionysios. The priest would catch one of the woman and execute her. This human sacrifice was later omitted from the festival. Eventually the women would be freed from the intense ecstatic experience of the festival and return to their usual lives. The Agrionia was celebrated in several Greek cities, but especially in Boeotia. Each Boeotian city had its own distinct foundation myth for it, but the pattern was much the same: the arrival of Dionysus, resistance to him, flight of the women to a mountain, the killing of Dionysus' persecutor, and eventual reconciliation with the god. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_maenads">List of maenads</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: List of maenads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Las_Incantadas_(Louvre)_Maenad_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Las_Incantadas_%28Louvre%29_Maenad_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Las_Incantadas_%28Louvre%29_Maenad_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="582" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Las_Incantadas_%28Louvre%29_Maenad_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Las_Incantadas_%28Louvre%29_Maenad_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Las_Incantadas_%28Louvre%29_Maenad_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Las_Incantadas_%28Louvre%29_Maenad_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="3837" /></a><figcaption>Maenad of <a href="/wiki/Las_Incantadas" title="Las Incantadas">Las Incantadas</a> from the agora of <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a>, 2nd century, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcimache" title="Alcimache">Alcimacheia</a> – daughter of <a href="/wiki/Harpalion" title="Harpalion">Harpalion</a> and a maenad from <a href="/wiki/Lemnos" title="Lemnos">Lemnos</a> who followed Dionysus in his <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> campaign. She was killed during the Indian war by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrheus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morrheus (page does not exist)">Morrheus</a>, an Indian general son of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Didnasos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didnasos (page does not exist)">Didnasos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromie (page does not exist)">Bromie</a> – one of the maenads who tried to kill Lycurgus.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calybe" title="Calybe">Calybe</a> – another follower of Dionysus in the Indian War.<sup id="cite_ref-Nonnus,_29.270_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nonnus,_29.270-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalcomede_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chalcomede (mythology) (page does not exist)">Chalcomede</a> – when she followed Dionysus in his Indian campaign, the Indian general Morrheus, hit by one of Eros' arrows, fell in love with her, and when he was about to seize her a serpent darted out of her bosom to protect her.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charopeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charopeia (page does not exist)">Charopeia</a> – leader of the Bacchic dance. She followed Dionysus in his Indian campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chorea_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chorea (mythology) (page does not exist)">Chorea</a> – followed Dionysus in his expedition against Argos. Perseus is said to have put all the women to the sword, including Chorea, but since she had a higher rank she was not buried in a common grave, but had a tomb apart, which some consider a great honor, although nothing tangible or of any benefit for the dead man or woman appears to come from it. And the memory is kept of many who do not have a tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisseis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisseis">Cisseis</a> – one of the maenads who tried to kill Lycurgus.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleite" title="Cleite">Clite</a> – one of the maenads who tried to kill Lycurgus.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Codone (page does not exist)">Codone</a> – a follower of Dionysus in the Indian war. She was killed by Morrheus.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronis_(mythology)" title="Coronis (mythology)">Coronis</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thessaly" title="Ancient Thessaly">Thessalian</a> who was raped by <a href="/wiki/Butes" title="Butes">Butes</a>, a Thracian. The latter had plotted against his brother, Lycurgus, and had to go in exile. Having traveled through the <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a>, he and his companions came to Thessaly. There they met the maenads who fled in fright as the men rushed upon them. However Butes seized Coronis and raped her, and she, angry at the seizure and the treatment she received, called upon Dionysus, who, hearing her prayer, drove him mad. Butes then threw himself into a well and died.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriphe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriphe (page does not exist)">Eriphe</a> – one of the maenads who tried to kill Lycurgus.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurypyle_(maenad)" title="Eurypyle (maenad)">Eurypyle</a> – a follower of Dionysus in the Indian war. She was killed by Morrheus.<sup id="cite_ref-Nonnus,_30.222_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nonnus,_30.222-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigarto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gigarto (page does not exist)">Gigarto</a> – one of the maenads who tried to kill Lycurgus. She was killed by Morrheus.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorge_(mythology)" title="Gorge (mythology)">Gorge</a> – one of the followers of Dionysus in the Indian War.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melictaina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melictaina (page does not exist)">Melictaina</a> – one of the followers of Dionysus in the Indian War.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrto_(mythology)" title="Myrto (mythology)">Myrto</a> – one of the followers of Dionysus in the Indian War.<sup id="cite_ref-Nonnus,_29.270_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nonnus,_29.270-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyse_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyse (mythology) (page does not exist)">Nyse</a> – one of the followers of Dionysus in the Indian War.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oenone_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oenone (mythology) (page does not exist)">Oenone</a> – one of the followers of Dionysus in the Indian War.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phasyleia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phasyleia (page does not exist)">Phasyleia</a> – a maid in the train of <a href="/wiki/Methe" title="Methe">Methe</a>. She was the leader of the Bacchanal dance. After Methe the surfeit of wine (drunkenness) was called. Methe was married to King <a href="/wiki/Staphylus" title="Staphylus">Staphylus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a>, who entertained Dionysus in his palace; after him the carryberry <a href="/wiki/Bunch_of_grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunch of grapes">bunch of grapes</a> was called.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phlio_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phlio (mythology) (page does not exist)">Phlio</a> – one of the maenads who tried to kill Lycurgus.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyxo" title="Polyxo">Polyxo</a> – one of the maenads who tried to kill Lycurgus.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soe_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soe (mythology) (page does not exist)">Soe</a> – one of the maenads who joined Dionysus in his Indian campaign. She was killed by the Indian general Morrheus.<sup id="cite_ref-Nonnus,_30.222_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nonnus,_30.222-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staphyle_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staphyle (mythology) (page does not exist)">Staphyle</a> – one of the followers of Dionysus in the Indian War. Killed by Morrheus.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterope" title="Sterope">Sterope</a> – one of the followers of Dionysus in the Indian War. Killed by Morrheus.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terpsichore_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terpsichore (mythology) (page does not exist)">Terpsichore</a> – a dancing maenad who followed Dionysus in the Indian War and drove away the Indian army with her dance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theope" title="Theope">Theope</a> – one of the maenads who tried to kill Lycurgus.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The names of the maenads according to various vase paintings were: Anthe ("Flower"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bacche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bacche (page does not exist)">Bacche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kale_(mythology)" title="Kale (mythology)">Kale</a> ("Beauty"), <a href="/wiki/Calyce_(mythology)" title="Calyce (mythology)">Kalyke</a> ("Bud"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choiros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choiros (page does not exist)">Choiros</a> ("Pig"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choro_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choro (mythology) (page does not exist)">Choro</a> ("Dance"), <a href="/wiki/Chryseis_(mythology)" title="Chryseis (mythology)">Chrysis</a> ("Gold"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisso (page does not exist)">Kisso</a> ("Ivy"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clyto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clyto (page does not exist)">Klyto</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comodia_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comodia (mythology) (page does not exist)">Komodia</a> ("Comedy"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorcis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorcis (page does not exist)">Dorkis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doro_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doro (mythology) (page does not exist)">Doro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eudia_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eudia (mythology) (page does not exist)">Eudia</a> ("Calm"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eudaimonia_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eudaimonia (mythology) (page does not exist)">Eudaimonia</a> ("Happiness"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthymia_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euthymia (mythology) (page does not exist)">Euthymia</a> ("Good Cheer"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erophyllis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erophyllis (page does not exist)">Erophyllis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galene_(mythology)" title="Galene (mythology)">Galene</a> ("Calm"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebe_(Greek_myth)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hebe (Greek myth) (page does not exist)">Hebe</a> ("Youth"), lo, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kraipale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kraipale (page does not exist)">Kraipale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lilaea" title="Lilaea">Lilaia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mainas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mainas (page does not exist)">Mainas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macaria_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macaria (mythology) (page does not exist)">Makaria</a> ("Blessed"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molpe (page does not exist)">Molpe</a> ("Song"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Myro_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myro (mythology) (page does not exist)">Myro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naia_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naia (mythology) (page does not exist)">Naia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nymphaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nymphaia (page does not exist)">Nymphaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nymphe_(mythology)" title="Nymphe (mythology)">Nymphe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opora_(mythology)" title="Opora (mythology)">Opora</a> ("Harvest"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oinanthe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oinanthe (page does not exist)">Oinanthe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oreias (page does not exist)">Oreias</a> ("Mountain-Nymph"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paidia_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paidia (mythology) (page does not exist)">Paidia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pannychis_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pannychis (mythology) (page does not exist)">Pannychis</a> ("All-night Revel"), <a href="/wiki/Periclymene" title="Periclymene">Periklymene</a> ("Renowned"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phanope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phanope (page does not exist)">Phanope</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philomela_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philomela (mythology) (page does not exist)">Philomela</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyerate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyerate (page does not exist)">Polyerate</a> ("Well-beloved"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodo_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodo (mythology) (page does not exist)">Rodo</a> ("Rose"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sime_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sime (mythology) (page does not exist)">Sime</a> ("Snub-nose"), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terpsikome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terpsikome (page does not exist)">Terpsikome</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thalia_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thalia (mythology) (page does not exist)">Thaleia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragoedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tragoedia (page does not exist)">Tragoedia</a> ("Tragedy") and <a href="/wiki/Xanthe_(mythology)" title="Xanthe (mythology)">Xantho</a> ("Fair-hair").<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_maenads_in_Dionysiaca">List of maenads in Dionysiaca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of maenads in Dionysiaca"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eighteen maenads are named in Dionysiaca of Nonnus of Panopolis: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:50%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><b>§ 14.219</b> Stronger than these then came the nurses of Dionysos, troops of Bassarids well skilled in their art: Aigle and Callichore, Eupetale and Ione, laughing Calyce, Bryusa companion of the Seasons, Seilene and Rhode, Ocynoe and Ereutho, Acrete and Methe, rosy Oinanthe with Harpe and silverfoot Lycaste, Stesichore and Prothoe; last of all came ready for the fray Trygie too, that grinning old gammer, heavy with wine. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i>, Book I.</cite></div> </div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_art">In art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maenads have been depicted in art as erratic and frenzied women enveloped in a drunken rapture, as in <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>' play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bacchae" title="The Bacchae">The Bacchae</a></i>. In Euripides' play and other art forms and works, the frenzied dances of the god are direct manifestations of euphoric possession, and these worshippers, sometimes by eating the flesh of a man or animal who has temporarily incarnated the god, come to partake of his divinity. </p><p>Depictions of maenads are often found on both <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">black-figure</a> Greek pottery, statues, and jewelry. Also, fragments of reliefs of female worshipers of Dionysus have been discovered at <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mark W. Edwards in his paper "Representation of Maenads on Archaic Red-Figure Vases" traces the evolution of maenad depictions on red figure vases. Edwards distinguishes between "nymphs," which appear earlier on Greek pottery, and "maenads," which are identified by their characteristic fawnskin or <i>nebris</i> and often carry snakes in their hands. However, Edwards does not consider the actions of the figures on the pottery to be a distinguishing characteristic for differentiation between maenads and nymphs. Rather, the differences or similarities in their actions are more striking when comparing black figure and red figure pottery, as opposed to maenads and nymphs.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_1906,_La_dance_(Bacchante),_oil_on_canvas,_73_x_54_cm_DSC05359...jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean Metzinger, 1906, La danse, Bacchante, oil on canvas, 73 x 54 cm. The subject of maenads remained popular in the arts at least into the early 20th century"><img alt="Jean Metzinger, 1906, La danse, Bacchante, oil on canvas, 73 x 54 cm. The subject of maenads remained popular in the arts at least into the early 20th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1906%2C_La_dance_%28Bacchante%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_73_x_54_cm_DSC05359...jpg/205px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1906%2C_La_dance_%28Bacchante%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_73_x_54_cm_DSC05359...jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1906%2C_La_dance_%28Bacchante%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_73_x_54_cm_DSC05359...jpg/308px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1906%2C_La_dance_%28Bacchante%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_73_x_54_cm_DSC05359...jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1906%2C_La_dance_%28Bacchante%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_73_x_54_cm_DSC05359...jpg/411px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1906%2C_La_dance_%28Bacchante%29%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_73_x_54_cm_DSC05359...jpg 2x" data-file-width="1217" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1906, <i><a href="/wiki/La_danse,_Bacchante" title="La danse, Bacchante">La danse, Bacchante</a></i>, oil on canvas, 73 x 54 cm. The subject of maenads remained popular in the arts at least into the early 20th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragment_Maenad_Louvre_G160.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maenad carrying a hind, fragment of an Attic red figure cup ca. 480 BC, Louvre Museum."><img alt="Maenad carrying a hind, fragment of an Attic red figure cup ca. 480 BC, Louvre Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragment_Maenad_Louvre_G160.jpg/243px-Fragment_Maenad_Louvre_G160.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragment_Maenad_Louvre_G160.jpg/364px-Fragment_Maenad_Louvre_G160.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragment_Maenad_Louvre_G160.jpg/486px-Fragment_Maenad_Louvre_G160.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1690" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maenad carrying a hind, fragment of an <a href="/wiki/Attic" title="Attic">Attic</a> <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red figure</a> cup ca. 480 BC, <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terracotta_dancing_maenad_MET_12.232.13.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Greek terracotta statuette of a dancing maenad, 3rd century BC, from Taranto. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York."><img alt="Ancient Greek terracotta statuette of a dancing maenad, 3rd century BC, from Taranto. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Terracotta_dancing_maenad_MET_12.232.13.png/193px-Terracotta_dancing_maenad_MET_12.232.13.png" decoding="async" width="129" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Terracotta_dancing_maenad_MET_12.232.13.png/289px-Terracotta_dancing_maenad_MET_12.232.13.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Terracotta_dancing_maenad_MET_12.232.13.png/385px-Terracotta_dancing_maenad_MET_12.232.13.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ancient Greek terracotta statuette of a dancing maenad, 3rd century BC, from <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NAMA_-_Statue_of_a_sleeping_Maenad_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of a sleeping Maenad, lying on a panther skin spread on a rocky surface; the type is known as the reclining Hermaphrodite; Pentelic marble; found at the south of the Athenian Acropolis; Hadrianic time (117–138 AD), follows a classical trend in Attic art; National Archaeological Museum, Athens."><img alt="Statue of a sleeping Maenad, lying on a panther skin spread on a rocky surface; the type is known as the reclining Hermaphrodite; Pentelic marble; found at the south of the Athenian Acropolis; Hadrianic time (117–138 AD), follows a classical trend in Attic art; National Archaeological Museum, Athens." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NAMA_-_Statue_of_a_sleeping_Maenad_04.jpg/360px-NAMA_-_Statue_of_a_sleeping_Maenad_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NAMA_-_Statue_of_a_sleeping_Maenad_04.jpg/540px-NAMA_-_Statue_of_a_sleeping_Maenad_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NAMA_-_Statue_of_a_sleeping_Maenad_04.jpg/720px-NAMA_-_Statue_of_a_sleeping_Maenad_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of a sleeping Maenad, lying on a panther skin spread on a rocky surface; the type is known as the reclining Hermaphrodite; <a href="/wiki/Penteliko_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Penteliko Mountain">Pentelic</a> marble; found at the south of the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Athenian Acropolis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrianic</a> time (117–138 AD), follows a classical trend in Attic art; <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum, Athens</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ring_maenad_Louvre_Bj1052.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ring with the engraved representation of a maenad. Ancient Greek artwork, 3rd–2nd century BC. Louvre, Paris."><img alt="Ring with the engraved representation of a maenad. Ancient Greek artwork, 3rd–2nd century BC. Louvre, Paris." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ring_maenad_Louvre_Bj1052.jpg/237px-Ring_maenad_Louvre_Bj1052.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ring_maenad_Louvre_Bj1052.jpg/356px-Ring_maenad_Louvre_Bj1052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ring_maenad_Louvre_Bj1052.jpg/474px-Ring_maenad_Louvre_Bj1052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ring with the engraved representation of a maenad. Ancient Greek artwork, 3rd–2nd century BC. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maenad_and_Cupid_MAN_Napoli_Inv110591.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maenad and Cupid, fresco from Pompeii, 1st century AD"><img alt="Maenad and Cupid, fresco from Pompeii, 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maenad_and_Cupid_MAN_Napoli_Inv110591.jpg/280px-Maenad_and_Cupid_MAN_Napoli_Inv110591.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maenad_and_Cupid_MAN_Napoli_Inv110591.jpg/419px-Maenad_and_Cupid_MAN_Napoli_Inv110591.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maenad_and_Cupid_MAN_Napoli_Inv110591.jpg/559px-Maenad_and_Cupid_MAN_Napoli_Inv110591.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3381" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maenad and <a href="/wiki/Cupid" title="Cupid">Cupid</a>, fresco from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, 1st century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A9nade_danzante,_Casa_del_Naviglio,_Pompeya.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Roman fresco from Pompeii showing a maenad in silk dress, 1st century AD"><img alt="A Roman fresco from Pompeii showing a maenad in silk dress, 1st century AD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/M%C3%A9nade_danzante%2C_Casa_del_Naviglio%2C_Pompeya.jpg/214px-M%C3%A9nade_danzante%2C_Casa_del_Naviglio%2C_Pompeya.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/M%C3%A9nade_danzante%2C_Casa_del_Naviglio%2C_Pompeya.jpg/320px-M%C3%A9nade_danzante%2C_Casa_del_Naviglio%2C_Pompeya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/M%C3%A9nade_danzante%2C_Casa_del_Naviglio%2C_Pompeya.jpg/427px-M%C3%A9nade_danzante%2C_Casa_del_Naviglio%2C_Pompeya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="838" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Roman fresco from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> showing a maenad in <a href="/wiki/History_of_silk" title="History of silk">silk dress</a>, 1st century AD</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Criptoportico_-_Maenad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman fresco of a maenad from the Casa del Criptoportico in Pompeii."><img alt="Roman fresco of a maenad from the Casa del Criptoportico in Pompeii." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Criptoportico_-_Maenad.jpg/174px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Criptoportico_-_Maenad.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Criptoportico_-_Maenad.jpg/261px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Criptoportico_-_Maenad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Criptoportico_-_Maenad.jpg/348px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Criptoportico_-_Maenad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="3503" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roman fresco of a maenad from the Casa del Criptoportico in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 218px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 216px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lens,_Cornelis_-_Tanz_der_M%C3%A4naden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dance of the Maenads by Andries Cornelis Lens"><img alt="Dance of the Maenads by Andries Cornelis Lens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lens%2C_Cornelis_-_Tanz_der_M%C3%A4naden.jpg/324px-Lens%2C_Cornelis_-_Tanz_der_M%C3%A4naden.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lens%2C_Cornelis_-_Tanz_der_M%C3%A4naden.jpg/487px-Lens%2C_Cornelis_-_Tanz_der_M%C3%A4naden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lens%2C_Cornelis_-_Tanz_der_M%C3%A4naden.jpg/649px-Lens%2C_Cornelis_-_Tanz_der_M%C3%A4naden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1355" data-file-height="1128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Dance of the Maenads</i> by <a href="/wiki/Andries_Cornelis_Lens" title="Andries Cornelis Lens">Andries Cornelis Lens</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Reinhard_Weguelin_%E2%80%93_A_Bacchante.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Bacchante by John Reinhard Weguelin"><img alt="A Bacchante by John Reinhard Weguelin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/John_Reinhard_Weguelin_%E2%80%93_A_Bacchante.jpg/173px-John_Reinhard_Weguelin_%E2%80%93_A_Bacchante.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/John_Reinhard_Weguelin_%E2%80%93_A_Bacchante.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="323" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>A Bacchante</i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Reinhard_Weguelin" title="John Reinhard Weguelin">John Reinhard Weguelin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Bacchante_by_William_Etty_YORAG_688.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Bacchante by William Etty"><img alt="A Bacchante by William Etty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_Bacchante_by_William_Etty_YORAG_688.jpg/200px-A_Bacchante_by_William_Etty_YORAG_688.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_Bacchante_by_William_Etty_YORAG_688.jpg/300px-A_Bacchante_by_William_Etty_YORAG_688.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_Bacchante_by_William_Etty_YORAG_688.jpg/400px-A_Bacchante_by_William_Etty_YORAG_688.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3739" data-file-height="5045" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>A Bacchante</i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Etty" title="William Etty">William Etty</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 67.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 65.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bacchante_by_Frederick_William_MacMonnies_1894_Brooklyn_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bacchante by Frederick William MacMonnies, 1894. Brooklyn Museum"><img alt="Bacchante by Frederick William MacMonnies, 1894. Brooklyn Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bacchante_by_Frederick_William_MacMonnies_1894_Brooklyn_Museum.jpg/98px-Bacchante_by_Frederick_William_MacMonnies_1894_Brooklyn_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bacchante_by_Frederick_William_MacMonnies_1894_Brooklyn_Museum.jpg/147px-Bacchante_by_Frederick_William_MacMonnies_1894_Brooklyn_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bacchante_by_Frederick_William_MacMonnies_1894_Brooklyn_Museum.jpg/196px-Bacchante_by_Frederick_William_MacMonnies_1894_Brooklyn_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Bacchante</i> by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_MacMonnies" title="Frederick William MacMonnies">Frederick William MacMonnies</a>, 1894. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_Bacchante,_shape_1441_Worcester_Royal_Porcelain_Co.1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Female Bacchante by Royal Worcester, 1898. Brooklyn Museum"><img alt="Female Bacchante by Royal Worcester, 1898. Brooklyn Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Female_Bacchante%2C_shape_1441_Worcester_Royal_Porcelain_Co.1898.jpg/196px-Female_Bacchante%2C_shape_1441_Worcester_Royal_Porcelain_Co.1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Female_Bacchante%2C_shape_1441_Worcester_Royal_Porcelain_Co.1898.jpg/294px-Female_Bacchante%2C_shape_1441_Worcester_Royal_Porcelain_Co.1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Female_Bacchante%2C_shape_1441_Worcester_Royal_Porcelain_Co.1898.jpg/392px-Female_Bacchante%2C_shape_1441_Worcester_Royal_Porcelain_Co.1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Female Bacchante</i> by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Worcester" title="Royal Worcester">Royal Worcester</a>, 1898. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maenad_and_the_Panther_by_Ernst_Julius_H%C3%A4hnel_1886,_Albertinum,_Dresden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Maenad and the Panther by Ernst Julius Hähnel, 1886. Albertinum, Dresden"><img alt="The Maenad and the Panther by Ernst Julius Hähnel, 1886. Albertinum, Dresden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Maenad_and_the_Panther_by_Ernst_Julius_H%C3%A4hnel_1886%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg/406px-Maenad_and_the_Panther_by_Ernst_Julius_H%C3%A4hnel_1886%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg" decoding="async" width="271" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Maenad_and_the_Panther_by_Ernst_Julius_H%C3%A4hnel_1886%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg/609px-Maenad_and_the_Panther_by_Ernst_Julius_H%C3%A4hnel_1886%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Maenad_and_the_Panther_by_Ernst_Julius_H%C3%A4hnel_1886%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg/811px-Maenad_and_the_Panther_by_Ernst_Julius_H%C3%A4hnel_1886%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Maenad and the Panther</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Julius_H%C3%A4hnel" title="Ernst Julius Hähnel">Ernst Julius Hähnel</a>, 1886. <a href="/wiki/Albertinum" title="Albertinum">Albertinum</a>, Dresden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 258px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En_bacchantinde_p%C3%A5_en_s%C3%B8tiger_(1839).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Bacchante on a Sea Tiger (1839) by Christen Købke, based on the mural Nereide su pantera marina from Villa Arianna, Stabiae. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli."><img alt="A Bacchante on a Sea Tiger (1839) by Christen Købke, based on the mural Nereide su pantera marina from Villa Arianna, Stabiae. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/En_bacchantinde_p%C3%A5_en_s%C3%B8tiger_%281839%29.jpg/387px-En_bacchantinde_p%C3%A5_en_s%C3%B8tiger_%281839%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/En_bacchantinde_p%C3%A5_en_s%C3%B8tiger_%281839%29.jpg/580px-En_bacchantinde_p%C3%A5_en_s%C3%B8tiger_%281839%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/En_bacchantinde_p%C3%A5_en_s%C3%B8tiger_%281839%29.jpg/773px-En_bacchantinde_p%C3%A5_en_s%C3%B8tiger_%281839%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1431" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>A Bacchante on a Sea Tiger</i> (1839) by <a href="/wiki/Christen_K%C3%B8bke" title="Christen Købke">Christen Købke</a>, based on the mural <i>Nereide su pantera marina</i> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Arianna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Arianna (page does not exist)">Villa Arianna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stabiae" title="Stabiae">Stabiae</a>. <a href="/wiki/Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_di_Napoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli">Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 221.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 219.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bacchante_and_Fauns_MA_I080881_TePapa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maenad and Fauns, 1902–1912, by Isobel Lilian Gloag."><img alt="Maenad and Fauns, 1902–1912, by Isobel Lilian Gloag." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bacchante_and_Fauns_MA_I080881_TePapa.jpg/329px-Bacchante_and_Fauns_MA_I080881_TePapa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bacchante_and_Fauns_MA_I080881_TePapa.jpg/493px-Bacchante_and_Fauns_MA_I080881_TePapa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Bacchante_and_Fauns_MA_I080881_TePapa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="526" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Maenad and <a href="/wiki/Faun" title="Faun">Fauns</a></i>, 1902–1912, by <a href="/wiki/Isobel_Lilian_Gloag" title="Isobel Lilian Gloag">Isobel Lilian Gloag</a>. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_in_modern_culture">References in modern culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References in modern culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A maenad appears in <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>'s poem "<a href="/wiki/Ode_to_the_West_Wind" title="Ode to the West Wind">Ode to the West Wind</a>". </p><p>Maenads, along with <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Bacchus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus">Silenus</a>, appear in <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Caspian" title="Prince Caspian">Prince Caspian</a></i>. They are portrayed as wild, fierce girls who dance and perform somersaults. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_(1825-1905)_-_Bacchante_(1894).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Bacchante_%281894%29.jpg/150px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Bacchante_%281894%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Bacchante_%281894%29.jpg/225px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Bacchante_%281894%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Bacchante_%281894%29.jpg/300px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Bacchante_%281894%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2122" data-file-height="3765" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau" title="William-Adolphe Bouguereau">William-Adolphe Bouguereau</a>, <i>Bacchante</i>, 1894.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bassarids" title="The Bassarids">The Bassarids</a></i> (composed 1964–65, premiered 1966), to a libretto by <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chester_Kallman" title="Chester Kallman">Chester Kallman</a>, is the most famous opera composed by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Werner_Henze" title="Hans Werner Henze">Hans Werner Henze</a>. </p><p>Maenads are the adopted symbol of <a href="/wiki/Tetovo" title="Tetovo">Tetovo</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, depicted prominently of the city's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>. The inclusion of maenad imagery dates to 1932 when a small statuette of a maenad, dating to the 6th century BC, was found in the city. The "Tetovo Maenad" was featured on the reverse of a Macedonian 5000 <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_denar" title="Macedonian denar">denar</a> banknote issued in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/32px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/48px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/64px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/32px-Draig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/48px-Draig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/64px-Draig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="475" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myths" title="Portal:Myths">Myths portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthesteria" title="Anthesteria">Anthesteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Dionysus" title="Cult of Dionysus">Cult of Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerarai" title="Gerarai">Gerarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyades" title="Minyades">Minyades</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0062:id=maenades-harpers">Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Maenades</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiles-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wiles_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWiles2000" class="citation book cs1">Wiles, David (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=052164027X"><i>Greek Theater Performance: An Introduction</i></a>. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Theater+Performance%3A+An+Introduction&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Wiles&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcatalogue%2Fcatalogue.asp%3Fisbn%3D052164027X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaenad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abel, Ernest L. (2006). <i>Intoxication in Mythology: A Worldwide Dictionary of Gods, Rites, Intoxicants, and Place</i>. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland & Co., Inc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> 6.130 ff., in <a href="/wiki/E.V._Rieu" class="mw-redirect" title="E.V. Rieu">E.V. Rieu</a>'s translation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lever-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lever_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLever1956" class="citation book cs1">Lever, Katherine (1956). <i>The Art of Greek Comedy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Greek+Comedy&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Lever&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaenad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Grace Harriet Macurdy, "Klodones, Mimallones and Dionysus Pseudanor," <i>The Classical Review</i> <b>27</b>.6 (September 1913), pp. 191-192, and <i>Troy and Paeonia. With Glimpses of Ancient Balkan History and Religion</i>, 1925, pg. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the second-century CE Macedonian military writer <a href="/wiki/Polyaenus" title="Polyaenus">Polyaenus</a>, IV.1; Polyaenus gives a fanciful etymology.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Potnia</i> means "lady" or "mistress".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, Jane Ellen (1922). "The Maenads". <i>Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion</i>, 3rd ed. pp. 388-400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Ellen_Harrison" title="Jane Ellen Harrison">Jane Ellen Harrison</a> remarked of the 19th-century (male) classicists, "so persistent is the dislike to commonplace fact, that we are repeatedly told that the maenads are purely mythological creations and that the maenad orgies never appear historically in Greece." <i>Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion</i>, 3rd ed. (1922). pg. 388</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Apollod.+1.3.2">1.3.2</a>. "Orpheus also invented the mysteries of Dionysus, and having been torn in pieces by the maenads he is buried in <a href="/wiki/Pieria_(regional_unit)" title="Pieria (regional unit)">Pieria</a>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Otto, Walter F. (1965). <i>Dionysus: Myth and Cult</i>. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pg. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Otto, Walter F. (1965). <i>Dionysus: Myth and Cult</i>. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. p.135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life</i>; translated from the German by Ralph Manheim; Bollingen Series LXV 2; Princeton University Press 1976. pg. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i>The Bacchae</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>, 27.330 & 30.192–208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 21.88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nonnus,_29.270-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nonnus,_29.270_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nonnus,_29.270_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 29.270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 33.17, 33.190 ff. & 35.204 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 36.256</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, 2.20.4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 21.89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 21.77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 30.213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 4.70.3, 5.50.2 & 5.50.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 21.81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nonnus,_30.222-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nonnus,_30.222_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nonnus,_30.222_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 30.222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 21.77, 30.223 & 33.15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 29.266</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 30.225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 29.272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 29.253</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 20.125 & 21.84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 21.80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Astronomica" class="mw-redirect" title="De Astronomica"><i>De</i> <i>Astronomica</i></a> 2.21; on <i>Fabulae</i> 182 & 192; Nonnus, 21.69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 29.257 & 30.223</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 29.237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnus, 21.86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalters1905" class="citation book cs1">Walters, Henry Beauchamp (1905). <i>History of Ancient Pottery: Greek, Etruscan, and Roman: Based on the Work of Samuel Birch</i>. Vol. 2. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient02walt/page/66/mode/2up/">66</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Ancient+Pottery%3A+Greek%2C+Etruscan%2C+and+Roman%3A+Based+on+the+Work+of+Samuel+Birch&rft.pages=66&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Henry+Beauchamp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaenad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eudaemonia, Euthymia, Paidia, Pannychis and Thalia were name of the <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation, TOPOS text, Work 529.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richardson, Rufus B. "A Group of Dionsiac Sculptures from Corinth". <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i> 8, no.3 (July–September 1904): 288-296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edwards, Mark W. "Representation of Maenads on Archaic Red-Figure Vases". <i>The Journal of Hellenistic Studies</i> 80 (1960): 78-87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbrm.gov.mk">National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia</a>. Macedonian currency. Banknotes in circulation: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbrm.gov.mk/default-en.asp?ItemID=061547767D9F93459B8971DBBE74A75A">5000 Denars</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090427003831/http://www.nbrm.gov.mk/default-en.asp?ItemID=061547767D9F93459B8971DBBE74A75A">Archived</a> 2009-04-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. – Retrieved on 30 March 2009.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <i>The Library</i> with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021">Greek text available from the same website</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_historica" title="Bibliotheca historica">The Library of History</a></i> translated by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Oldfather" title="Charles Henry Oldfather">Charles Henry Oldfather</a>. Twelve volumes. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html">Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site</a></li> <li>Diodorus Siculus, <i>Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2</i>. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0540">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Gaius Julius Hyginus</a>, <i>Astronomica from The Myths of Hyginus</i> translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/207">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a></li> <li>Gaius Julius Hyginus, <i>Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus</i> translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad"><i>The Iliad</i></a> with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674995796" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674995796">978-0674995796</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a></li> <li>Homer, <i>Homeri Opera</i> in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198145318" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198145318">978-0198145318</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0133">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus of Panopolis</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i> translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863-1950), from the Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/529">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a></li> <li>Nonnus of Panopolis, <i>Dionysiaca. 3 Vols.</i> W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940–1942. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0485">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <i>Description of Greece</i> with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99328-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99328-4">0-674-99328-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a></li> <li>Pausanias, <i>Graeciae Descriptio.</i> <i>3 vols</i>. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0159">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abel, Ernest L. (2006). <i>Intoxication in Mythology: A Worldwide Dictionary of Gods, Rites, Intoxicants, and Place</i>. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland & Co., Inc., Publishers.</li> <li>Behnk, Judith (2009). <i>Dionysos und seine Gefolgschaft: Weibliche Besessenheitskulte in der griechischen Antike</i> [Dionysus and his followers: female obsession cults in Greek antiquity]. Hamburg, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8366-7929-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8366-7929-9">978-3-8366-7929-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_N._Bremmer" title="Jan N. Bremmer">Bremmer, Jan N.</a> (1984). "Greek Maenadism reconsidered." <i><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Papyrologie_und_Epigraphik" title="Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik">Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</a></i> <b>55</b>, pp. 267–286.</li> <li>Edwards, Mark W. "Representation of Maenads on Archaic Red-Figure Vases." <i>The Journal of Hellenistic Studies</i> 80 (1960): 78–87.</li> <li>Henrichs, Albert (1978). "Greek Maenadism from Olympias to Messalina." <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Studies_in_Classical_Philology" title="Harvard Studies in Classical Philology">Harvard Studies in Classical Philology</a></i> <b>82</b>, pp. 121–160.</li> <li>Manheim, Ralph (translator) (1976). <i>Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life</i>. Bollingen Series LXV 2; Princeton University Press.</li> <li>Mikalson, Jon D. (2005). <i>Ancient Greek Religion</i>. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</li> <li>Moraw, Susanne (1998). <i>Die Mänade in der attischen Vasenmalerei des 6. und 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr.</i> [The maenad in Attic vase painting of the 6th and 5th centuries BC.] Mainz: von Zabern, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8053-2323-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-8053-2323-9">3-8053-2323-9</a>.</li> <li>Morford, Mark P.O., and Lenardon, Robert J. (2003). <i>Classical Mythology</i>, 7th ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Otto, Walter F. (1965). <i>Dionysus: Myth and Cult</i>. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.</li> <li>Richardson, Rufus B. "A Group of Dionsiac Sculptures from Corinth." <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i> 8, no.3 (July- September 1904): 288–296.</li> <li>Schneider, Lambert; Seifert, Martina (2010). <i>Sphinx, Amazone, Mänade. Bedrohliche Frauenbilder im antiken Mythos</i> [Sphinx, Amazon, Maenad. Threatening images of women in ancient myths]. Stuttgart: Theiss, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8062-2226-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8062-2226-5">978-3-8062-2226-5</a>.</li> <li>Stähli, Adrian (1999). <i>Verweigerung der Lüste. Erotische Gruppen in der antiken Plastik</i> [Denial of the pleasures. Erotic groups in ancient sculpture]. Berlin: Reimer, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-496-01195-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-496-01195-8">978-3-496-01195-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maenad&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-007257">The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Maenads)</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maenads" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maenads">Maenads</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Maenads"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Maenads">"Maenads" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maenads&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaenad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060111162120/http://www.cnr.edu/home/bmcmanus/bacchaebg.html">Background and Images for the Bacchae</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greek_deities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template talk:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_deities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> deities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Early <br /> deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)#Greco-Roman_tradition" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ourea" title="Ourea">Ourea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Titans (male)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Titanides (female)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(Titaness)" title="Phoebe (Titaness)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteria_(Titaness)" title="Asteria (Titaness)">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(Titan)" title="Perses (Titan)">Perses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimetheus" title="Epimetheus">Epimetheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Olympian <br /> deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Olympian Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calliope" title="Calliope">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clio" title="Clio">Clio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euterpe" title="Euterpe">Euterpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erato" title="Erato">Erato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpomene" title="Melpomene">Melpomene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyhymnia" title="Polyhymnia">Polyhymnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terpsichore" title="Terpsichore">Terpsichore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Muse)" title="Thalia (Muse)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania" title="Urania">Urania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonis" title="Apollonis">Apollonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borysthenis" title="Borysthenis">Borysthenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephisso" title="Cephisso">Cephisso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotian</a> Muses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aoede" title="Aoede">Aoide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melete" title="Melete">Melete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mneme" title="Mneme">Mneme</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses of the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypate" title="Hypate">Hypate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mese_(mythology)" title="Mese (mythology)">Mese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nete_(mythology)" title="Nete (mythology)">Nete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses at <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymatheia" title="Polymatheia">Polymatheia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> (Graces)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglaea" title="Aglaea">Aglaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antheia" title="Antheia">Antheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne" title="Euphrosyne">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemone" title="Hegemone">Hegemone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasithea" title="Pasithea">Pasithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Grace)" title="Thalia (Grace)">Thalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a> (Hours)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirene_(goddess)" title="Eirene (goddess)">Eirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunomia" title="Eunomia">Eunomia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water <br /> deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sea deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthesikyme" title="Benthesikyme">Benthesikyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizo" title="Brizo">Brizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)" title="Calypso (mythology)">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurybia_(mythology)" title="Eurybia (mythology)">Eurybia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus" title="Glaucus">Glaucus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ichthyocentaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyocentaurs">Ichthyocentaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothea" title="Leucothea">Leucothea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melicertes" title="Melicertes">Melicertes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerites_(mythology)" title="Nerites (mythology)">Nerites</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nesoi" title="Nesoi">Nesoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodos" title="Rhodos">Rhodos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa" title="Thalassa">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaste_(Oceanid)" title="Acaste (Oceanid)">Acaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admete_(Oceanid)" title="Admete (Oceanid)">Admete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Oceanid)" title="Asia (Oceanid)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callirhoe_(Oceanid)" title="Callirhoe (Oceanid)">Callirhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_(Greek_myth)" title="Ceto (Greek myth)">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene (consort of Helios)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(wife_of_Iapetus)" title="Clymene (wife of Iapetus)">Clymene (wife of Iapetus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodone_(mythology)" title="Dodone (mythology)">Dodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_(Oceanid)" title="Doris (Oceanid)">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Oceanid)" title="Electra (Oceanid)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynome_(Oceanid)" title="Eurynome (Oceanid)">Eurynome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idyia" title="Idyia">Idyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Apollo)" title="Melia (consort of Apollo)">Melia (consort of Apollo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Inachus)" title="Melia (consort of Inachus)">Melia (consort of Inachus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perse_(mythology)" title="Perse (mythology)">Perse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philyra_(Oceanid)" title="Philyra (Oceanid)">Philyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleione_(mythology)" title="Pleione (mythology)">Pleione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouto_(Oceanid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plouto (Oceanid)">Plouto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesto_(mythology)" title="Telesto (mythology)">Telesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(Oceanid)" title="Theia (Oceanid)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuxo_(Oceanid)" title="Zeuxo (Oceanid)">Zeuxo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nereids" title="Nereids">Nereids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatheia_(mythology)" title="Amatheia (mythology)">Amatheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphithoe_(mythology)" title="Amphithoe (mythology)">Amphithoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymatolege_(mythology)" title="Cymatolege (mythology)">Cymatolege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymo_(mythology)" title="Cymo (mythology)">Cymo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamene" title="Dynamene">Dynamene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acis_and_Galatea" title="Acis and Galatea">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galene_(mythology)" title="Galene (mythology)">Galene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protomedeia" title="Protomedeia">Protomedeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(Nereid)" title="Psamathe (Nereid)">Psamathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sao_(mythology)" title="Sao (mythology)">Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spio" title="Spio">Spio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Nereid)" title="Thalia (Nereid)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Potamoi" title="Potamoi">Potamoi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapus" title="Anapus">Anapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asopus" title="Asopus">Asopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterion_(god)" title="Asterion (god)">Asterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axius_(mythology)" title="Axius (mythology)">Axius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caanthus" title="Caanthus">Caanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebren" title="Cebren">Cebren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(mythology)" title="Cephissus (mythology)">Cephissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitumnus" title="Clitumnus">Clitumnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enipeus_(deity)" title="Enipeus (deity)">Enipeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kladeos" title="Kladeos">Kladeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander_(mythology)" title="Meander (mythology)">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_(mythology)" title="Nilus (mythology)">Nilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numicus" title="Numicus">Numicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(river_god)" title="Phyllis (river god)">Phyllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneus" title="Peneus">Peneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_(mythology)" title="Sangarius (mythology)">Sangarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simoeis" title="Simoeis">Simoeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymon_(mythology)" title="Strymon (mythology)">Strymon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_(mythology)" title="Aegina (mythology)">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achiroe" title="Achiroe">Achiroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aganippe_(naiad)" title="Aganippe (naiad)">Aganippe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anigrides" title="Anigrides">Anigrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyra_(mythology)" title="Argyra (mythology)">Argyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistonis" title="Bistonis">Bistonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolbe" title="Bolbe">Bolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliadne" title="Caliadne">Caliadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassotis" title="Cassotis">Cassotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia" title="Castalia">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleocharia" title="Cleocharia">Cleocharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creusa_(Naiad)" title="Creusa (Naiad)">Creusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosera_(naiad)" title="Drosera (naiad)">Drosera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpina" title="Harpina">Harpina</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ionides" title="Ionides">Ionides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismenis" title="Ismenis">Ismenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larunda" title="Larunda">Larunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilaea" title="Lilaea">Lilaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liriope_(nymph)" title="Liriope (nymph)">Liriope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melite_(naiad)" title="Melite (naiad)">Melite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metope_(mythology)" title="Metope (mythology)">Metope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minthe" title="Minthe">Minthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_(nymph)" title="Moria (nymph)">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_(Greek_mythology)" title="Nana (Greek mythology)">Nana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaea_(mythology)" title="Nicaea (mythology)">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orseis" title="Orseis">Orseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(daughter_of_Triton)" title="Pallas (daughter of Triton)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(nymph)" title="Pirene (nymph)">Pirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbe" title="Stilbe">Stilbe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thriae" title="Thriae">Thriae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corycia" title="Corycia">Corycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleodora_(nymph)" title="Cleodora (nymph)">Cleodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina" title="Melaina">Melaina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiasa" title="Tiasa">Tiasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Personifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algos" class="mw-redirect" title="Algos">Algos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphillogiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphillogiai">Amphillogiai</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Androktasiai" title="Androktasiai">Androktasiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atë">Atë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(deity)" title="Dysnomia (deity)">Dysnomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horkos" title="Horkos">Horkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysminai" title="Hysminai">Hysminai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe_(daughter_of_Eris)" title="Lethe (daughter of Eris)">Lethe</a></li> <li>Logoi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limos" title="Limos">Limos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neikea" class="mw-redirect" title="Neikea">Neikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoi" title="Phonoi">Phonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponos" title="Ponos">Ponos</a></li> <li>Pseudea</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apate" title="Apate">Apate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geras" title="Geras">Geras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Moirai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropos" title="Atropos">Atropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotho" title="Clotho">Clotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachesis" title="Lachesis">Lachesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moros" title="Moros">Moros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oizys" title="Oizys">Oizys</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oneiros" title="Oneiros">Oneiroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotes" title="Philotes">Philotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echidna_(mythology)" title="Echidna (mythology)">Echidna</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Graeae" title="Graeae">Graeae</a> <ul><li>Deino</li> <li>Enyo</li> <li>Pemphredo</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Gorgons" title="Gorgons">Gorgons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stheno_and_Euryale" title="Stheno and Euryale">Stheno and Euryale</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Sirens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Harpy" title="Harpy">Harpies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aello" title="Aello">Aello</a></li> <li>Celaeno</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocypete" title="Ocypete">Ocypete</a></li> <li>Podarge</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <br />other gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aergia" title="Aergia">Aergia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidos" title="Aidos">Aidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aletheia" title="Aletheia">Aletheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelia" title="Angelia">Angelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete_(mythology)" title="Arete (mythology)">Arete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraea" title="Astraea">Astraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerus" title="Caerus">Caerus</a></li> <li>The Younger <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupheme_(deity)" title="Eupheme (deity)">Eupheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenia" title="Euthenia">Euthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philophrosyne" title="Philophrosyne">Philophrosyne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corus_(mythology)" title="Corus (mythology)">Corus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anteros" title="Anteros">Anteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedylogos" title="Hedylogos">Hedylogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymen_(god)" title="Hymen (god)">Hymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Pothos" title="Erotes">Pothos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersa" title="Ersa">Ersa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupraxia_(mythology)" title="Eupraxia (mythology)">Eupraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedone" title="Hedone">Hedone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonoia_(mythology)" title="Homonoia (mythology)">Homonoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacchus" title="Iacchus">Iacchus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Litae" title="Litae">Litae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achlys" title="Achlys">Achlys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adephagia" title="Adephagia">Adephagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aion_(deity)" title="Aion (deity)">Aion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alke" title="Alke">Alke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amechania" title="Amechania">Amechania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaideia" title="Anaideia">Anaideia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastor" title="Alastor">Alastor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apheleia" title="Apheleia">Apheleia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arae" title="Arae">Arae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dikaiosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyssebeia" title="Dyssebeia">Dyssebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysus" title="Chrysus">Chrysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiresione" title="Eiresione">Eiresione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekecheiria" title="Ekecheiria">Ekecheiria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulabeia_(mythology)" title="Eulabeia (mythology)">Eulabeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelos_(mythology)" title="Gelos (mythology)">Gelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimarmene" title="Heimarmene">Heimarmene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homados" title="Homados">Homados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horme" title="Horme">Horme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioke_(mythology)" title="Ioke (mythology)">Ioke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakia" title="Kakia">Kakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koalemos" title="Koalemos">Koalemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydoimos" title="Kydoimos">Kydoimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyssa" title="Lyssa">Lyssa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maniae" title="Maniae">Maniae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methe" title="Methe">Methe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomos_(mythology)" title="Nomos (mythology)">Nomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palioxis" title="Palioxis">Palioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitharchia" title="Peitharchia">Peitharchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penia" title="Penia">Penia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthus" title="Penthus">Penthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepromene" title="Pepromene">Pepromene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheme" title="Pheme">Pheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrike" title="Phrike">Phrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthonus" title="Phthonus">Phthonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poena" title="Poena">Poine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemos" title="Polemos">Polemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porus_(mythology)" title="Porus (mythology)">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxidice" title="Praxidice">Praxidice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proioxis" title="Proioxis">Proioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophasis" title="Prophasis">Prophasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter_(daimon)" title="Soter (daimon)">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(mythology)" title="Soteria (mythology)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasos" title="Thrasos">Thrasos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sky</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreas_(god)" title="Boreas (god)">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurus" title="Eurus">Eurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notus" title="Notus">Notus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperus" title="Hesperus">Hesperus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaethon" title="Phaethon">Phaethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrape_and_Bronte" title="Astrape and Bronte">Astrape and Bronte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chione_(daughter_of_Boreas)" title="Chione (daughter of Boreas)">Chione</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hyades_(mythology)" title="Hyades (mythology)">Hyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(Pleiad)" title="Alcyone (Pleiad)">Alcyone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterope_(Pleiad)" title="Sterope (Pleiad)">Sterope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaeno" title="Celaeno">Celaeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Pleiad)" title="Electra (Pleiad)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Pleiad)" title="Merope (Pleiad)">Merope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_(mythology)" title="Sirius (mythology)">Sirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritopatores" title="Tritopatores">Tritopatores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despoina" title="Despoina">Despoina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunostus" title="Eunostus">Eunostus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opora_(mythology)" title="Opora (mythology)">Opora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomelus" title="Philomelus">Philomelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutus" title="Plutus">Plutus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceso" title="Aceso">Aceso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrhon" title="Darrhon">Darrhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epione" title="Epione">Epione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaso" title="Iaso">Iaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Rustic <br />deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetna_(nymph)" title="Aetna (nymph)">Aetna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agdistis" title="Agdistis">Agdistis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alseid" title="Alseid">Alseids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonis" title="Amphictyonis">Amphictyonis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anthousai" title="Anthousai">Anthousai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus" title="Aristaeus">Aristaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Auloniad" title="Auloniad">Auloniads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comus" title="Comus">Comus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dryad" title="Dryad">Dryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erato_(dryad)" title="Erato (dryad)">Erato</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hamadryad" title="Hamadryad">Hamadryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysopeleia" title="Chrysopeleia">Chrysopeleia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Epimeliad" title="Epimeliad">Epimeliades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecaterus" title="Hecaterus">Hecaterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuce_(mythology)" title="Leuce (mythology)">Leuce</a></li> <li>The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maenades</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Meliae" title="Meliae">Meliae</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nymphai_Hyperboreioi" title="Nymphai Hyperboreioi">Nymphai Hyperboreioi</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oread" title="Oread">Oreads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrasteia" title="Adrasteia">Adrasteia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyllene_(nymph)" title="Cyllene (nymph)">Cyllene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(mythology)" title="Echo (mythology)">Echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helice_(mythology)" title="Helice (mythology)">Helice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iynx" title="Iynx">Iynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomia_(mythology)" title="Nomia (mythology)">Nomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenone_(nymph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oenone (nymph)">Oenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitys_(mythology)" title="Pitys (mythology)">Pitys</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pegasides" title="Pegasides">Pegasides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapso" title="Rhapso">Rhapso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus">Silenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telete" title="Telete">Telete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexiares_and_Anicetus" title="Alexiares and Anicetus">Alexiares and Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enodia" title="Enodia">Enodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyalius" title="Enyalius">Enyalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestra_(mythology)" title="Palaestra (mythology)">Palaestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosipolis_(god)" title="Sosipolis (god)">Sosipolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209599#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209599#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209599#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/173807554">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85010769">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284655805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/133031519">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maenad&oldid=1257410492">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maenad&oldid=1257410492</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maenads" title="Category:Maenads">Maenads</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companions_of_Dionysus" title="Category:Companions of Dionysus">Companions of Dionysus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Greek_mythology" title="Category:Dance in Greek mythology">Dance in Greek mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Greek legendary creatures">Greek legendary creatures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nymphs" title="Category:Nymphs">Nymphs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Greek_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Greek IPA">Pages with Greek IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_January_2019" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from January 2019">Articles lacking reliable references from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2019">Articles needing additional references from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 November 2024, at 19:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maenad&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-9dd5l","wgBackendResponseTime":160,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.665","walltime":"0.891","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4542,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":142490,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5389,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":87819,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 664.734 1 -total"," 14.94% 99.311 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.48% 89.578 1 Template:Langx"," 12.00% 79.777 6 Template:Navbox"," 11.23% 74.632 3 Template:Cite_book"," 11.07% 73.588 1 Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)"," 8.44% 56.089 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.03% 40.084 1 Template:Commons_category"," 5.77% 38.382 1 Template:Sister_project"," 5.59% 37.185 1 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.344","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15873976,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-8pwkm","timestamp":"20241203065125","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Maenad","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maenad","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q209599","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q209599","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-28T15:42:00Z","dateModified":"2024-11-14T19:47:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/be\/Mainade_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2645.jpg","headline":"female follower of Dionysus"}</script> </body> </html>