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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kanazawa_Gold_Factory.jpg/220px-Kanazawa_Gold_Factory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kanazawa_Gold_Factory.jpg/330px-Kanazawa_Gold_Factory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kanazawa_Gold_Factory.jpg/440px-Kanazawa_Gold_Factory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption>Metal leaf processing</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>metal leaf</b>, also called <b>composition leaf</b> or <b>schlagmetal</b>, is a thin <a href="/wiki/Foil_(metal)" title="Foil (metal)">foil</a> used for <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilding</a> and other forms of decoration.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Metal leaves</b> can come in many different shades, due to the composition of the metal within the <b>metal leaf</b>. Examples of this variation of shades in <b>metal leaves</b> can be found in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Gold_leaf" title="Gold leaf">gold leaves</a>, as the silver content within the gold leaves could make them appear bright yellow or paler shades of yellow.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some metal leaves may look like <a href="/wiki/Gold_leaf" title="Gold leaf">gold leaf</a> but do not contain any real gold. This type of metal leaf is often referred to as <b>imitation leaf</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metal leaves are usually made of <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> (including many alloys), <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> (sometimes called "<a href="/wiki/Dutch_metal" title="Dutch metal">Dutch metal</a>" typically 85% Copper and 15% <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gilding">Gilding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal_leaf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gilding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gilding is the process of applying a thin layer of metal on another surface. <a href="/wiki/Goldbeating" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldbeating">Goldbeating</a>, the technique of producing metal leaves, has been known for more than 5,000 years. A small gold nugget 5 mm in diameter can be expanded to about 20,000 times its initial surface through hammering, producing a gold foil surface of about one half square meter with a thickness of 0.2–0.3 <a href="/wiki/Micrometre" title="Micrometre">μm</a>. </p><p>The process of gilding requires meticulous preparation, including priming surfaces and applying thin layers of adhesive before placing the gold leaf. Modern restoration projects often reapply gold leaf to maintain its brilliance and historical integrity. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nossa_Senhora_da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Militares" title="Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Militares">Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Militares</a> in Brazil underwent conservation efforts to preserve its gilded surfaces, ensuring the continuation of its religious and artistic significance.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While <a href="/wiki/Mercury_gilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury gilding">mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermeil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermeil">vermeil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ormolu" title="Ormolu">ormolu</a> gilding were mostly used with gold leaf, <a href="/wiki/Electroplating" title="Electroplating">electroplating</a> is a gilding technique that does not use leaf. The process of electroplating typically involves dipping an item into electric and heated water.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ions from minerals and metals within the water move away from the negatively charged electricity and then plate the <a href="/wiki/Cathode" title="Cathode">cathode</a>– or item’s surface that is to be plated. This was discovered in 1805 by <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Valentino_Brugnatelli" title="Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli">Luigi Brugnatelli</a> and it was later developed further by George and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Elkington_(silversmith)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Elkington (silversmith)">Henry Elkington</a> in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_Significances">Cultural Significances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal_leaf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cultural Significances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Known for its reflective and durable properties, gold leaf has been used to symbolize divinity, purity, and eternal life. Churches throughout history have employed metal leaf for its aesthetic and symbolic qualities, often in mosaics, domes, and religious icons. </p><p>The tradition of using <a href="/wiki/Gold_ground" title="Gold ground">gold ground</a> in Christian art comes from <a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman art</a>, where it originally had no religious significance. Its shining quality was conceived as the light of God, underlining the spiritual nature of the figures represented and of the holy spaces. This tradition flowed throughout the centuries, as European churches used gold leaf to outline the richness and the sacredness of the domes, altars, and sculptures.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Domes are an especially salient feature faced with gold leaf. In Russian Orthodox architecture, gilded onion domes symbolize the realms of heaven and usually have theological meaning. Three domes, for example, signify the Holy Trinity, and five represent Christ and the Four Evangelists. Procedures such as applying 23.75-karat gold leaf ensure longevity and a radiating finish to maintain their visual and spiritual impact. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vark" title="Vark">Vark</a>– is a type of flavorless and edible silver leaf– is used for decoration in South Asian cuisine, as well as added for medicinal and purifying properties.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It’s created through pounding metal dust onto parchment sheets and ox guts until it molds into a foil, however it was only up until the 21st century that people have started to stop using intestines.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal_leaf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Picture_Framers_Association" title="Professional Picture Framers Association">Professional Picture Framers Association</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal_leaf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeonida2014" class="citation book cs1">Leonida, Mihaela D. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yka9BAAAQBAJ&dq=%22metal+leaf%22+gilding&pg=PA41"><i>The Materials and Craft of Early Iconographers</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-04828-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-04828-4"><bdi>978-3-319-04828-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Materials+and+Craft+of+Early+Iconographers&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-319-04828-4&rft.aulast=Leonida&rft.aufirst=Mihaela+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYka9BAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522metal%2Bleaf%2522%2Bgilding%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetal+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchorsch2017" class="citation web cs1">Schorsch, Deborah (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/egold/hd_egold.htm">"Gold in Ancient Egypt"</a>. <i>The Metropolitan Museum of Art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.atitle=Gold+in+Ancient+Egypt&rft.date=2017-01&rft.aulast=Schorsch&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fegold%2Fhd_egold.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetal+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seppleaf.com/products/metal_leaf/loose">"SeppLeaf Products, Gold Leaf, Silver Leaf, Gilding Supplies, Liberon, Mixol, Kolcaustico"</a>. <i>seppleaf.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=seppleaf.com&rft.atitle=SeppLeaf+Products%2C+Gold+Leaf%2C+Silver+Leaf%2C+Gilding+Supplies%2C+Liberon%2C+Mixol%2C+Kolcaustico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseppleaf.com%2Fproducts%2Fmetal_leaf%2Floose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetal+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artic.edu/digital-publications/38/perspectives-on-place/43/conserving-polychrome-surfaces-in-the-church-of-nossa-senhora-da-conceicao-dos-militares-in-recife-brazil">"Conserving Polychrome Surfaces in the Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Militares in Recife, Brazil"</a>. 2023-11-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Conserving+Polychrome+Surfaces+in+the+Church+of+Nossa+Senhora+da+Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o+dos+Militares+in+Recife%2C+Brazil&rft.date=2023-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artic.edu%2Fdigital-publications%2F38%2Fperspectives-on-place%2F43%2Fconserving-polychrome-surfaces-in-the-church-of-nossa-senhora-da-conceicao-dos-militares-in-recife-brazil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetal+leaf" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://formlabs.com/blog/electroplating-metal-plating/?srsltid=AfmBOoo1CG8vI1rqx0RwzEintj4tgPkR-sYfKPd3tqRdMd86YFBV_KIi">"Electroplating 101: How Plating Metals Works"</a>. <i>Formlabs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Formlabs&rft.atitle=Electroplating+101%3A+How+Plating+Metals+Works&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fformlabs.com%2Fblog%2Felectroplating-metal-plating%2F%3Fsrsltid%3DAfmBOoo1CG8vI1rqx0RwzEintj4tgPkR-sYfKPd3tqRdMd86YFBV_KIi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetal+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsage2017" class="citation web cs1">sage (2017-08-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antiquesage.com/history-lost-art-mercury-gilding/">"The History of a Lost Art - Mercury Gilding"</a>. <i>Antique Sage</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antique+Sage&rft.atitle=The+History+of+a+Lost+Art+-+Mercury+Gilding&rft.date=2017-08-21&rft.au=sage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiquesage.com%2Fhistory-lost-art-mercury-gilding%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetal+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudac2019" class="citation web cs1">Dudac, Yvette (2019-09-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://johncanningco.com/blog/gilding-in-architecture-when-where-why-it-was-used/">"Title of the article"</a>. <i>John Canning & Co</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=John+Canning+%26+Co.&rft.atitle=Title+of+the+article&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft.aulast=Dudac&rft.aufirst=Yvette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjohncanningco.com%2Fblog%2Fgilding-in-architecture-when-where-why-it-was-used%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetal+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/warq-edible-silver-garnish#:~:text=Warq%20isn't%20just%20prized,that%20the%20metal%20is%20antimicrobial">"Warq"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Warq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Ffoods%2Fwarq-edible-silver-garnish%23%3A~%3Atext%3DWarq%2520isn%27t%2520just%2520prized%2Cthat%2520the%2520metal%2520is%2520antimicrobial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetal+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPioneer" class="citation web cs1">Pioneer, The. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/page1/govt-slogs-its-guts-out-for-vegetarian-chandi-ka-vark.html">"Govt slogs its guts out for 'vegetarian' chandi ka vark"</a>. <i>The Pioneer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pioneer&rft.atitle=Govt+slogs+its+guts+out+for+%27vegetarian%27+chandi+ka+vark&rft.aulast=Pioneer&rft.aufirst=The&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2F2016%2Fpage1%2Fgovt-slogs-its-guts-out-for-vegetarian-chandi-ka-vark.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetal+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal_leaf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328172849/https://johncanningco.com/blog/gilding-in-architecture-when-where-why-it-was-used/">"Gold Leaf in Architecture: When, Where, & Why It Was Used"</a>. <i>johncanningco.com</i>. 4 September 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://johncanningco.com/blog/gilding-in-architecture-when-where-why-it-was-used/">the original</a> on 28 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=johncanningco.com&rft.atitle=Gold+Leaf+in+Architecture%3A+When%2C+Where%2C+%26+Why+It+Was+Used&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjohncanningco.com%2Fblog%2Fgilding-in-architecture-when-where-why-it-was-used%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetal+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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