CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Verisign - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e9e5fb01-5817-486d-82ae-f79c34648d04","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Verisign","wgTitle":"Verisign","wgCurRevisionId":1275651843,"wgRevisionId":1275651843,"wgArticleId":319632,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","CS1 errors: missing title","CS1 errors: bare URL","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use mdy dates from July 2013","Use American English from March 2021","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Infobox network service provider ASN not in Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from August 2013","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012","Commons category link from Wikidata","Internet technology companies of the United States","American companies established in 1995","Domain Name System","Computer companies established in 1995","Companies based in Reston, Virginia","Companies listed on the Nasdaq","Former certificate authorities","Radio-frequency identification","Domain name registries","1995 establishments in Virginia","DDoS mitigation companies","1998 initial public offerings","Corporate spin-offs","Domain name seizures by United States"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Verisign","wgRelevantArticleId":319632,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q734338","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg/1200px-Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg/960px-Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Verisign - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Verisign rootpage-Verisign skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Verisign" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Verisign" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Verisign" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Verisign" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Naming services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Company_properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company_properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Company properties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Company_properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2001:_Code_signing_certificate_mistake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001:_Code_signing_certificate_mistake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>2001: Code signing certificate mistake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001:_Code_signing_certificate_mistake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2002:_Domain_transfer_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002:_Domain_transfer_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2002: Domain transfer lawsuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002:_Domain_transfer_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2003:_Site_Finder_legal_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003:_Site_Finder_legal_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>2003: Site Finder legal case</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003:_Site_Finder_legal_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2003:_Gives_up_.org_domain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003:_Gives_up_.org_domain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>2003: Gives up <span>.org</span> domain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003:_Gives_up_.org_domain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005:_Retains_.net_domain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005:_Retains_.net_domain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>2005: Retains <span>.net</span> domain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005:_Retains_.net_domain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010:_Data_breach_and_disclosure_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010:_Data_breach_and_disclosure_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>2010: Data breach and disclosure controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010:_Data_breach_and_disclosure_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010:_Web_site_domain_seizures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010:_Web_site_domain_seizures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>2010: Web site domain seizures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010:_Web_site_domain_seizures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012:_Web_site_domain_seizure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012:_Web_site_domain_seizure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>2012: Web site domain seizure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012:_Web_site_domain_seizure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Verisign</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فيري ساين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيري ساين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="وری‌ساین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وری‌ساین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ভেরিসাইন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভেরিসাইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="وری‌ساین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وری‌ساین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%A8" title="વેરિસાઇન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વેરિસાઇન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="베리사인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베리사인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="वेरीसाइन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेरीसाइन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ವೆರಿಸೈನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೆರಿಸೈನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ベリサイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベリサイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/VeriSign" title="VeriSign – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="VeriSign" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="เวอริไซน์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวอริไซน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Verisign" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%91%9E%E4%BF%A1" title="威瑞信 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威瑞信" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q734338#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Verisign" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Verisign" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Verisign"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Verisign"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Verisign" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Verisign" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&oldid=1275651843" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Verisign&id=1275651843&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVerisign"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVerisign"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Verisign&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Verisign" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q734338" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American Internet company</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Verisign, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Verisign_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Verisign_logo.svg/220px-Verisign_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Verisign_logo.svg/330px-Verisign_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Verisign_logo.svg/440px-Verisign_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="69" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg/250px-Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg/330px-Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg/500px-Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston, Virginia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/vrsn">VRSN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_industry" title="Telecommunications industry">telecommunications</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">April 12, 1995<span class="noprint">; 29 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1995-04-12</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/James_Bidzos" title="James Bidzos">James Bidzos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston, Virginia</a>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist">James Bidzos (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.56 billion</span> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.06 billion</span> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$786 million</span> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.41 billion</span> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$−1.9 billion</span> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">932 (2024)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous System Number">ASNs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bgp.tools/as/7342">7342</a> (primary)</li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bgp.tools/as/26415">26415</a> (<a href="/wiki/J-root" class="mw-redirect" title="J-root">J-root</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verisign.com/">verisign<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Footnotes / references</b><br /><sup id="cite_ref-10k_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10k-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Verisign, Inc.</b> is an American company based in <a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston, Virginia</a>, that operates a diverse array of network infrastructure, including two of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>'s thirteen <a href="/wiki/Root_nameserver" class="mw-redirect" title="Root nameserver">root nameservers</a>, the authoritative registry for the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a></span>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.name" title=".name">.name</a></span> generic <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domains</a> and the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.cc" title=".cc">.cc</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Country-code_top-level_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Country-code top-level domain">country-code top-level domains</a>, and the back-end systems for the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.jobs" title=".jobs">.jobs</a></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.edu" title=".edu">.edu</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sponsored_top-level_domain" title="Sponsored top-level domain">sponsored top-level domains</a>. </p><p>In 2010, Verisign sold its authentication business unit – which included <a href="/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Sockets Layer">Secure Sockets Layer</a> (SSL) certificate, <a href="/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure" title="Public key infrastructure">public key infrastructure</a> (PKI), Verisign Trust Seal, and Verisign Identity Protection (VIP) services – to <a href="/wiki/NortonLifeLock" class="mw-redirect" title="NortonLifeLock">Symantec</a> for $1.28 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deal capped a multi-year effort by Verisign to narrow its focus to its core infrastructure and security business units. Symantec later sold this unit to <a href="/wiki/DigiCert" title="DigiCert">DigiCert</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Fortune-Symantec_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortune-Symantec-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 25, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Neustar" title="Neustar">NeuStar, Inc</a>. acquired VeriSign's Security Service Customer Contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acquisition effectively transferred Verisign Inc.'s <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">Distributed Denial of Service</a> (DDoS) protection, Managed <a href="/wiki/DNS" class="mw-redirect" title="DNS">DNS</a>, DNS Firewall and fee-based Recursive DNS services customer contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Verisign's former <a href="/wiki/Chief_financial_officer" title="Chief financial officer">chief financial officer</a> (CFO) Brian Robins announced in August 2010 that the company would move from its original location of <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Dulles,_Virginia" title="Dulles, Virginia">Dulles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia" title="Northern Virginia">Northern Virginia</a> by 2011 due to 95% of the company's business being on the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company is <a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Corporation_Law" title="Delaware General Corporation Law">incorporated in Delaware</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VeriSign.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/VeriSign.svg/220px-VeriSign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/VeriSign.svg/330px-VeriSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/VeriSign.svg/440px-VeriSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>Historical logo</figcaption></figure> <p>Verisign was founded in 1995 as a spin-off of the <a href="/wiki/RSA_Security" title="RSA Security">RSA Security</a> certification services business. The new company received licenses to key cryptographic patents held by RSA (set to expire in 2000) and a time-limited non-compete agreement. The new company served as a <a href="/wiki/Certificate_authority" title="Certificate authority">certificate authority</a> (CA) and its initial mission was "providing trust for the Internet and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Commerce">Electronic Commerce</a> through our Digital Authentication services and products". Prior to selling its certificate business to <a href="/wiki/NortonLifeLock" class="mw-redirect" title="NortonLifeLock">Symantec</a> in 2010, Verisign had more than 3 million certificates in operation for everything from military to financial services and retail applications, making it the largest CA in the world. </p><p>In 2000, Verisign acquired <a href="/wiki/Network_Solutions" title="Network Solutions">Network Solutions</a> for $21billion,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which operated the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a></span> TLDs under agreements with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (<a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>. Those core registry functions formed the basis for Verisign's naming division, which by then had become the company's largest and most significant business unit.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, Verisign was charged with violation of the <a href="/wiki/Securities_Exchange_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities Exchange Act">Securities Exchange Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verisign divested the Network Solutions retail (<a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">domain name registrar</a>) business in 2003 for $100million, retaining the <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registry" title="Domain name registry">domain name registry</a> (wholesale) function as its core Internet addressing business.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the year ended December 31, 2010, Verisign reported revenue of $681 million, up 10% from $616 million in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verisign operates two businesses, Naming Services, which encompasses the operation of top-level domains and critical Internet infrastructure, and Network Intelligence and Availability (NIA) Services, which encompasses DDoS mitigation, managed DNS and threat intelligence. </p><p>On August 9, 2010, <a href="/wiki/NortonLifeLock" class="mw-redirect" title="NortonLifeLock">Symantec</a> completed its approximately $1.28 billion acquisition of Verisign's authentication business, including the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Certificate Services, the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Services, the Verisign Trust Services, the Verisign Identity Protection (VIP) Authentication Service, and the majority stake in Verisign Japan. The deal capped a multi-year effort by Verisign to narrow its focus to its core infrastructure and security business units.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following ongoing controversies regarding Symantec's handling of certificate validation, which culminated in <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> untrusting Symantec-issued certificates in its <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome web browser</a>, Symantec sold this unit to <a href="/wiki/DigiCert" title="DigiCert">DigiCert</a> in 2017 for $950 Million.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 December 2021, the Ministry of Justice, Communication and Foreign Affairs of the Tuvalu Government announced on Facebook that they have selected <a href="/wiki/GoDaddy" title="GoDaddy">GoDaddy Registry</a> as the new registry service provider for the domain after Verisign did not participate in the renewal process.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, Verisign was selected by the <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a> (GSA) to operate the registry services for the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a></span> top-level domain.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They continued to operate <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a></span> service until 2023, when <a href="/wiki/Cybersecurity_and_Infrastructure_Security_Agency" title="Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</a> (CISA) chose <a href="/wiki/Cloudflare" title="Cloudflare">Cloudflare</a> to replace Verisign as the .gov operator.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Verisign's share price tumbled in early 2014, hastened by the U.S. government's announcement that it would "relinquish oversight of the Internet's domain-naming system to a non-government entity".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately ICANN chose to continue VeriSign's role as the root zone maintainer and the two entered into a new contract in 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_services">Naming services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naming services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Token_Verisign.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Token_Verisign.JPG/200px-Token_Verisign.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Token_Verisign.JPG/300px-Token_Verisign.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Token_Verisign.JPG/400px-Token_Verisign.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1851" data-file-height="1119" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Security_token" title="Security token">Security token</a> produced by Verisign</figcaption></figure> <p>Verisign's core business is its naming services division. The division operates the authoritative domain name registries for two of the Internet's most important <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domains" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-level domains">top-level domains</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a></span>, and <a href="/wiki/.name" title=".name">.name</a>. It is the primary technical subcontractor for the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.edu" title=".edu">.edu</a></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.jobs" title=".jobs">.jobs</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domains" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-level domains">top-level domains</a> for their respective registry operators, which are non-profit organizations; in this role Verisign maintains the <a href="/wiki/Zone_file" title="Zone file">zone files</a> for these particular domains and hosts the domains from their domain servers. In addition, Verisign is also the contracted registry operator for the country code top-level domain <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.cc" title=".cc">.cc</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos Islands</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Registry operators are the "wholesalers" of Internet domain names, while <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">domain name registrars</a> act as the “retailers”, working directly with consumers to register a domain name address. It formerly was the contracted registry for <a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a> <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domains" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-level domains">top-level domains</a> as well as for the country code top-level domain <a href="/wiki/.tv" title=".tv">.tv (Tuvalu)</a>. </p><p>Verisign also operates two of the Internet's thirteen "<a href="/wiki/Root_name_server" title="Root name server">root servers</a>" which are identified by the letters A-M (Verisign operates the “A” and “J” root servers). The root servers form the top of the hierarchical <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> that supports most modern Internet communication. Verisign also generates the globally recognized <a href="/wiki/Root_zone_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Root zone file">root zone file</a> and is also responsible for processing changes to that file once they are ordered by <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</a> and approved by the <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>. Changes to the root zone were originally distributed via the A root server, but now they are distributed to all thirteen servers via a separate distribution system which Verisign maintains. Verisign is the only one of the 12 root server operators to operate more than one of the thirteen <a href="/wiki/Root_nameservers" class="mw-redirect" title="Root nameservers">root nameservers</a>. The A and J root servers are "<a href="/wiki/Anycast" title="Anycast">anycasted</a>” and are no longer operated from any of the company's own datacenters as a means to increase redundancy and availability and mitigate the threat of a <a href="/wiki/Single_point_of_failure" title="Single point of failure">single point of failure</a>. In 2016, the Department of Commerce ended its role in managing the Internet's DNS and transferred full control to ICANN. While this initially negatively impacted VeriSign's stock, ICANN eventually chose to contract with Verisign to continue its role as the root zone maintainer. </p><p>VeriSign's naming services division dates back to 1993 when Network Solutions was awarded a contract by the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> to manage and operate the civilian side of the Internet's domain name registrations.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Network Solutions was the sole registrar for all of the Internet's non-governmental generic top-level domains until 1998 when ICANN was established and the new system of competitive registrars was implemented. As a result of these new policies, Network Solutions divided itself into two divisions. The NSI Registry division was established to manage the authoritative registries that the company would still operate, and was separated from the customer-facing registrar business that would have to compete with other registrars. The divisions were even geographically split with the NSI Registry moving from the corporate headquarters in Herndon, Virginia, to nearby Dulles, Virginia. In 2000, VeriSign purchased Network Solutions taking over its role in the Internet's DNS. The NSI Registry division eventually became VeriSign's naming services division while the remainder of Network Solutions was later sold by Verisign in 2003 to Pivotal Equity Group. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Company_properties">Company properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Company properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Verisign" title="Special:EditPage/Verisign">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Following the sale of its authentication services division in 2010, Verisign relocated from its former headquarters in Mountain View, California, to the headquarters of the naming division in <a href="/wiki/Sterling,_Virginia" title="Sterling, Virginia">Sterling, Virginia</a> (originally NSI Registry's headquarters). Verisign began shopping that year for a new permanent home shortly after moving. They signed a lease for 12061 Bluemont Way in <a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Sallie_Mae" title="Sallie Mae">Sallie Mae</a> headquarters, in 2010 and decided to purchase the building in September 2011. They have since terminated their lease of their current space in two buildings at Lakeside@Loudoun Technology Center.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company completed its move at the end of November 2011. The new headquarters is located in the <a href="/wiki/Reston_Town_Center" title="Reston Town Center">Reston Town Center</a> development which has become a major commercial and business hub for the region.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to its Reston headquarters, Verisign owns three data center properties. One at 22340 Dresden Street in Dulles, Virginia, not far from its corporate headquarters (within the large Broad Run Technology Park), one at 21 Boulden Circle in New Castle, Delaware, and a third in Fribourg, Switzerland. Their three data centers are mirrored so that a disaster at one data center has a minimal impact on operations. Verisign also leases an office suite in downtown Washington, D.C., on K street where its government relations office is located. It also has leased server space in numerous internet data centers around the world where the DNS constellation resolution sites are located, mostly at major internet peering facilities. One such facility is at the <a href="/wiki/Equinix" title="Equinix">Equinix</a> Ashburn Datacenter in <a href="/wiki/Ashburn,_Virginia" title="Ashburn, Virginia">Ashburn, Virginia</a>, one of the world's largest datacenters and internet transit hubs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001:_Code_signing_certificate_mistake">2001: Code signing certificate mistake</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2001: Code signing certificate mistake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2001, Verisign mistakenly issued two Class 3 <a href="/wiki/Code_signing" title="Code signing">code signing</a> certificates to an individual claiming to be an employee of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mistake was not discovered and the certificates were not revoked until two weeks later during a routine audit. Because Verisign code-signing certificates do not specify a Certificate Revocation List Distribution Point, there was no way for them to be automatically detected as having been revoked, placing Microsoft's customers at risk.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Microsoft had to later release a special security patch in order to revoke the certificates and mark them as being fraudulent.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002:_Domain_transfer_lawsuit">2002: Domain transfer lawsuit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2002: Domain transfer lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, Verisign was sued for <a href="/wiki/Domain_slamming" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain slamming">domain slamming</a> – transferring domains from other registrars to themselves by making the registrants believe they were merely renewing their domain name. Although they were found not to have broken the law, they were barred from suggesting that a domain was about to expire or claim that a transfer was actually a renewal.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003:_Site_Finder_legal_case">2003: Site Finder legal case</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2003: Site Finder legal case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2003, Verisign introduced a service called <a href="/wiki/Site_Finder" title="Site Finder">Site Finder</a>, which redirected Web browsers to a search service when users attempted to go to non-existent <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a></span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a></span> domain names. <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> asserted that Verisign had overstepped the terms of its contract with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>, which in essence grants Verisign the right to operate the <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain name system">DNS</a> for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.com</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.net</span>, and Verisign shut down the service. Subsequently, Verisign filed a lawsuit against ICANN in February 2004, seeking to gain clarity over what services it could offer in the context of its contract with ICANN. The claim was moved from federal to California state court in August 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2005, Verisign and ICANN announced a proposed settlement which defined a process for the introduction of new registry services in the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.com</span> registry. The documents concerning these settlements are available at ICANN.org.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ICANN comments mailing list archive<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> documents some of the criticisms that have been raised regarding the settlement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003:_Gives_up_.org_domain">2003: Gives up <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.org</span> domain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2003: Gives up .org domain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In keeping with ICANN's charter to introduce competition to the domain name marketplace, Verisign agreed to give up its operation of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a></span> top-level domain in 2003 in exchange for a continuation of its contract to operate <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.com</span>, which, at the time had more than 34 million registered addresses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005:_Retains_.net_domain">2005: Retains <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.net</span> domain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2005: Retains .net domain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mid-2005, the existing contract for the operation of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a></span> expired and five companies, including Verisign, bid for management of it. Verisign enlisted numerous IT and telecom heavyweights including Microsoft, IBM, Sun Microsystems, MCI, and others, to assert that Verisign had a perfect record operating <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.net</span>. They proposed Verisign continue to manage the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.net</span> DNS due to its critical importance as the domain underlying numerous "backbone" network services. Verisign was also aided by the fact that several of the other bidders were based outside the United States, which raised concerns in national security circles. On June 8, 2005, ICANN announced that Verisign had been approved to operate <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.net</span> until 2011. More information on the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.net</span> bidding process is available at <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 1, 2011, ICANN announced that VeriSign's approval to operate .net was extended another six years, until 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010:_Data_breach_and_disclosure_controversy">2010: Data breach and disclosure controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2010: Data breach and disclosure controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2012, Verisign revealed that their network security had been repeatedly breached in 2010. Verisign stated that the breach did not impact the <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS) that they maintain, but would not provide details about the loss of data. Verisign was widely criticized for not disclosing the breach earlier and apparently attempting to hide the news in an October 2011 SEC filing.<sup id="cite_ref-pcworld1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcworld1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the lack of details provided by Verisign, it was not clear whether the breach impacted the certificate signing business, acquired by Symantec in late 2010. Some, such as Oliver Lavery, the Director of Security and Research for nCircle, doubted whether sites using Verisign SSL certificates could be trusted.<sup id="cite_ref-pcworld1_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcworld1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010:_Web_site_domain_seizures">2010: Web site domain seizures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2010: Web site domain seizures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 29, 2010, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (U.S. ICE) issued seizure orders against 82 web sites with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.com</span> Internet addresses that were reported to be involved in the illegal sale and distribution of counterfeit goods.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As registry operator for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.com</span>, Verisign performed the required takedowns of the 82 sites under order from law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>InformationWeek</i> reported that "Verisign will say only that it received sealed court orders directing certain actions to be taken with respect to specific domain names".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The removal of the 82 websites was cited as an impetus for the launch of "the Dot-P2P Project"<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in order to create a decentralized DNS service without centralized registry operators. Following the disappearance of <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> during the following week<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its forced move to wikileaks.ch, a Swiss domain, the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> warned of the dangers of having key pieces of Internet infrastructure such as DNS name translation under corporate control.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012:_Web_site_domain_seizure">2012: Web site domain seizure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2012: Web site domain seizure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2012, the U.S. government declared that it has the right to seize domains ending in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.com</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.net</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.cc</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.tv</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.name</span>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.org</span> if the companies administering the domains are based in the U.S. The U.S. government can seize the domains ending in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.com</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.net</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.cc</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.tv</span>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.name</span> by serving a court-order on Verisign, which manages those domains. The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">.org</span> domain is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>-based non-profit <a href="/wiki/Public_Interest_Registry" title="Public Interest Registry">Public Interest Registry</a>. In March 2012, Verisign shut down the sports-betting site Bodog.com after receiving a court order, even though the domain name was registered to a Canadian company.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/quote/profile/profile.html?symb=VRSN">"Verisign Company Profile - CNNMoney.com"</a>. <i>CNN Money</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010005736/http://money.cnn.com/quote/profile/profile.html?symb=VRSN">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Money&rft.atitle=Verisign+Company+Profile+-+CNNMoney.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fquote%2Fprofile%2Fprofile.html%3Fsymb%3DVRSN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10k-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10k_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1014473/000101447325000006/vrsn-20241231.htm">"Verisign 2024 Annual Report 10-K"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>. February 13, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verisign+2024+Annual+Report+10-K&rft.pub=U.S.+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission&rft.date=2025-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2Fix%3Fdoc%3D%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1014473%2F000101447325000006%2Fvrsn-20241231.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAntone_Gonsalves2010" class="citation web cs1">Antone Gonsalves (May 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/news/storage/disaster_recovery/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=224900541">"Symantec To Buy VeriSign Unit For $1.28 Billion – Storage – Disaster"</a>. Informationweek.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100522132659/http://www.informationweek.com/news/storage/disaster_recovery/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=224900541">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Symantec+To+Buy+VeriSign+Unit+For+%241.28+Billion+%E2%80%93+Storage+%E2%80%93+Disaster&rft.pub=Informationweek.com&rft.date=2010-05-20&rft.au=Antone+Gonsalves&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fnews%2Fstorage%2Fdisaster_recovery%2FshowArticle.jhtml%3FarticleID%3D224900541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fortune-Symantec-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fortune-Symantec_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2017/08/02/symantec-web-certificates-sale-thoma-bravo/">"Symantec Plans to Sell This Business for Nearly $1 Billion"</a>. <i>Fortune</i>. August 2, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104093345/http://fortune.com/2017/08/02/symantec-web-certificates-sale-thoma-bravo/">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Symantec+Plans+to+Sell+This+Business+for+Nearly+%241+Billion&rft.date=2017-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2017%2F08%2F02%2Fsymantec-web-certificates-sale-thoma-bravo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mergr.com/neustar-acquires-verisign---security-services-customer-contracts">"NeuStar Acquires VeriSign - Security Services Customer Contracts | Mergr"</a>. <i>mergr.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200229072157/https://mergr.com/neustar-acquires-verisign---security-services-customer-contracts">Archived</a> from the original on February 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mergr.com&rft.atitle=NeuStar+Acquires+VeriSign+-+Security+Services+Customer+Contracts+%7C+Mergr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmergr.com%2Fneustar-acquires-verisign---security-services-customer-contracts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.home.neustar/about-us/news-room/press-releases">"Neustar Acquires Verisign's Security Services Customer Contracts"</a>. <i>home.neustar</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419072826/https://www.home.neustar/about-us/news-room/press-releases">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=home.neustar&rft.atitle=Neustar+Acquires+Verisign%27s+Security+Services+Customer+Contracts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.home.neustar%2Fabout-us%2Fnews-room%2Fpress-releases&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrouse2010" class="citation web cs1">Krouse, Sarah (August 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/blog/2010/08/verisign_shifts_headquarters_to_virginia.html">"VeriSign shifts headquarters to Virginia"</a>. <i>Washington Business Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100830170344/http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/blog/2010/08/verisign_shifts_headquarters_to_virginia.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=VeriSign+shifts+headquarters+to+Virginia&rft.date=2010-08-27&rft.aulast=Krouse&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fwashington%2Fblog%2F2010%2F08%2Fverisign_shifts_headquarters_to_virginia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?CIK=VRSN&owner=exclude&action=getcompany&Find=Search">"EDGAR Search Results"</a>. <i>www.sec.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016125921/https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?CIK=VRSN&owner=exclude&action=getcompany&Find=Search">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sec.gov&rft.atitle=EDGAR+Search+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbrowse-edgar%3FCIK%3DVRSN%26owner%3Dexclude%26action%3Dgetcompany%26Find%3DSearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2000/03/07/deals/verisign/">"Verisign acquires Network Solutions for $21B - Mar. 7, 2000"</a>. <i>money.cnn.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110412050645/http://money.cnn.com/2000/03/07/deals/verisign/">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=money.cnn.com&rft.atitle=Verisign+acquires+Network+Solutions+for+%2421B+-+Mar.+7%2C+2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2000%2F03%2F07%2Fdeals%2Fverisign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKell2013" class="citation news cs1">Kell, John (July 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/verisign-boosts-profit-23-on-revenue-margins-2013-07-25">"VeriSign boosts profit 23% on revenue, margins"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130801002719/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/verisign-boosts-profit-23-on-revenue-margins-2013-07-25">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=VeriSign+boosts+profit+23%25+on+revenue%2C+margins&rft.date=2013-07-25&rft.aulast=Kell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fverisign-boosts-profit-23-on-revenue-margins-2013-07-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2002/05/16/287348/27557/en/The-Emerson-Firm-Announces-Class-Action-Lawsuit-Against-VeriSign-Inc-on-Behalf-of-Investors-VRSN.html">"The Emerson Firm Announces Class Action Lawsuit Against VeriSign Inc. on Behalf of Investors — VRSN"</a> (Press release). May 16, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140807092458/http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2002/05/16/287348/27557/en/The-Emerson-Firm-Announces-Class-Action-Lawsuit-Against-VeriSign-Inc-on-Behalf-of-Investors-VRSN.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Emerson+Firm+Announces+Class+Action+Lawsuit+Against+VeriSign+Inc.+on+Behalf+of+Investors+%E2%80%94+VRSN&rft.date=2002-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobenewswire.com%2Fnews-release%2F2002%2F05%2F16%2F287348%2F27557%2Fen%2FThe-Emerson-Firm-Announces-Class-Action-Lawsuit-Against-VeriSign-Inc-on-Behalf-of-Investors-VRSN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technewsworld.com/story/commerce/31890.html?wlc=1302619669">"VeriSign To Sell Network Solutions, Exit Registrar Business - News - TechNewsWorld"</a>. <i>www.technewsworld.com</i>. October 17, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318100747/http://www.technewsworld.com/story/commerce/31890.html?wlc=1302619669">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.technewsworld.com&rft.atitle=VeriSign+To+Sell+Network+Solutions%2C+Exit+Registrar+Business+-+News+-+TechNewsWorld&rft.date=2003-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.technewsworld.com%2Fstory%2Fcommerce%2F31890.html%3Fwlc%3D1302619669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102032454/https://investor.verisign.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=546077">"VERISIGN REPORTS 10% YEAR-OVER-YEAR REVENUE GROWTH IN 2010"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investor.verisign.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=546077">the original</a> on November 2, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VERISIGN+REPORTS+10%25+YEAR-OVER-YEAR+REVENUE+GROWTH+IN+2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestor.verisign.com%2Freleasedetail.cfm%3FReleaseID%3D546077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDealbook2010" class="citation web cs1">Dealbook (August 10, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2010/08/10/symantec-acquires-verisign-for-1-28-billion/">"Symantec Acquires VeriSign for $1.28 Billion"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180302044741/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2010/08/10/symantec-acquires-verisign-for-1-28-billion/">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Symantec+Acquires+VeriSign+for+%241.28+Billion&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.au=Dealbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F10%2Fsymantec-acquires-verisign-for-1-28-billion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRaymond2017" class="citation news cs1">Raymond, Art (August 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804015937/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865686081/Lehis-DigiCert-swallows-web-security-competitor-in-1-billion-deal.html">"Lehi's DigiCert swallows web security competitor in $1 billion deal"</a>. <i>Deseret News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865686081/Lehis-DigiCert-swallows-web-security-competitor-in-1-billion-deal.html">the original</a> on August 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Lehi%27s+DigiCert+swallows+web+security+competitor+in+%241+billion+deal&rft.date=2017-08-03&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F865686081%2FLehis-DigiCert-swallows-web-security-competitor-in-1-billion-deal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllemann2021" class="citation web cs1">Allemann, Andrew (December 14, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://domainnamewire.com/2021/12/14/godaddy-wins-contract-to-run-tv-verisign-didnt-bid-for-renewal/">"GoDaddy wins contract to run .TV, Verisign didn't bid for renewal"</a>. <i>Domain Name Wire | Domain Name News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Domain+Name+Wire+%7C+Domain+Name+News&rft.atitle=GoDaddy+wins+contract+to+run+.TV%2C+Verisign+didn%27t+bid+for+renewal&rft.date=2021-12-14&rft.aulast=Allemann&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdomainnamewire.com%2F2021%2F12%2F14%2Fgodaddy-wins-contract-to-run-tv-verisign-didnt-bid-for-renewal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLipowicz2011" class="citation news cs1">Lipowicz, Alice (February 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gcn.com/cloud-infrastructure/2011/02/gsa-selects-verisign-to-manage-gov-domain-name-registry/283030/">"GSA selects VeriSign to manage .gov domain name registry"</a>. <i>GCN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GCN&rft.atitle=GSA+selects+VeriSign+to+manage+.gov+domain+name+registry&rft.date=2011-02-03&rft.aulast=Lipowicz&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgcn.com%2Fcloud-infrastructure%2F2011%2F02%2Fgsa-selects-verisign-to-manage-gov-domain-name-registry%2F283030%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2023" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Kevin (January 16, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://domainincite.com/28517-verisign-loses-prestige-gov-contract-to-cloudflare">"Verisign loses prestige .gov contract to Cloudflare"</a>. <i>DomainIncite</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DomainIncite&rft.atitle=Verisign+loses+prestige+.gov+contract+to+Cloudflare&rft.date=2023-01-16&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdomainincite.com%2F28517-verisign-loses-prestige-gov-contract-to-cloudflare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rttnews.com/2287346/verisign-inc-vrsn-pulled-back-after-government-transition.aspx">"VeriSign Inc. (VRSN) Pulled Back After Government Transition"</a>. March 18, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413150402/http://www.rttnews.com/2287346/verisign-inc-vrsn-pulled-back-after-government-transition.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VeriSign+Inc.+%28VRSN%29+Pulled+Back+After+Government+Transition&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rttnews.com%2F2287346%2Fverisign-inc-vrsn-pulled-back-after-government-transition.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/registries/registries-agreements-en">"Registry Agreements"</a>. ICANN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106100106/https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/registries/registries-agreements-en">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Registry+Agreements&rft.pub=ICANN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icann.org%2Fresources%2Fpages%2Fregistries%2Fregistries-agreements-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Science Foundation <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/cyber/internet.jsp">"A Brief History of NSF and the Internet"</a>. nsf.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151127171235/http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/cyber/internet.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+NSF+and+the+Internet&rft.pub=nsf.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fnews%2Fspecial_reports%2Fcyber%2Finternet.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><i>Washington Business Journal</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/blog/2010/09/verisign_inc_terminates_loudoun_lease_for_reston_move.html">https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/blog/2010/09/verisign_inc_terminates_loudoun_lease_for_reston_move.html</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Business+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fwashington%2Fblog%2F2010%2F09%2Fverisign_inc_terminates_loudoun_lease_for_reston_move.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globest.com/2011/09/08/verisign-acquires-reston-office-for-118m/?slreturn=2024110640622">"VeriSign Acquires Reston Office for $118M"</a>. <i>benefitspro.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=benefitspro.com&rft.atitle=VeriSign+Acquires+Reston+Office+for+%24118M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globest.com%2F2011%2F09%2F08%2Fverisign-acquires-reston-office-for-118m%2F%3Fslreturn%3D2024110640622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2001/ms01-017">"Microsoft Security Bulletin MS01-017 - Critical: Erroneous VeriSign-Issued Digital Certificates Pose Spoofing Hazard"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. March 22, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Security+Bulletin+MS01-017+-+Critical%3A+Erroneous+VeriSign-Issued+Digital+Certificates+Pose+Spoofing+Hazard&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2001-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fsecurity-updates%2Fsecuritybulletins%2F2001%2Fms01-017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=11288">"Windows Security Update: Verisign Digital Certificates Spoofing Hazard"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. March 28, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windows+Security+Update%3A+Verisign+Digital+Certificates+Spoofing+Hazard&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2001-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdownload%2Fdetails.aspx%3Fid%3D11288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/09/25/verisign_slammed_for_domain_renewal">TheRegister.co.uk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810091852/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/09/25/verisign_slammed_for_domain_renewal">Archived</a> August 10, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: VeriSign slammed for domain renewal scam</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icann.org/general/litigation-verisign.htm">"Litigation Documents"</a>. ICANN.org. March 26, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070712200727/http://www.icann.org/general/litigation-verisign.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Litigation+Documents&rft.pub=ICANN.org&rft.date=2007-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficann.org%2Fgeneral%2Flitigation-verisign.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/tlds/agreements/verisign/settlement-agreements.htm">"ICANN"</a>. <i>www.icann.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060207154104/http://www.icann.org/tlds/agreements/verisign/settlement-agreements.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.icann.org&rft.atitle=ICANN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icann.org%2Ftlds%2Fagreements%2Fverisign%2Fsettlement-agreements.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.icann.org/lists/settlement-comments/">"ICANN Email Archives: [settlement-comments]"</a>. <i>forum.icann.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218070510/http://forum.icann.org/lists/settlement-comments/">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=forum.icann.org&rft.atitle=ICANN+Email+Archives%3A+%5Bsettlement-comments%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum.icann.org%2Flists%2Fsettlement-comments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icann.org/tlds/dotnet-reassignment/dotnet-general.htm">"ICANN - Archives - General Information Regarding Designation of the Subsequent .net registry Operator"</a>. <i>icann.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041204105517/http://icann.org/tlds/dotnet-reassignment/dotnet-general.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icann.org&rft.atitle=ICANN+-+Archives+-+General+Information+Regarding+Designation+of+the+Subsequent+.net+registry+Operator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficann.org%2Ftlds%2Fdotnet-reassignment%2Fdotnet-general.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icann.org/resources/unthemed-pages/net-2012-02-25-en">"ICANN"</a>. <i>www.icann.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003005044/https://www.icann.org/resources/unthemed-pages/net-2012-02-25-en">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.icann.org&rft.atitle=ICANN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icann.org%2Fresources%2Funthemed-pages%2Fnet-2012-02-25-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pcworld1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pcworld1_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pcworld1_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBradley2012" class="citation web cs1">Bradley, Tony (February 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/249242/verisign_hacked_what_we_dont_know_might_hurt_us.html">"VeriSign Hacked: What We Don't Know Might Hurt Us"</a>. PCWorld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130611054417/http://www.pcworld.com/article/249242/verisign_hacked_what_we_dont_know_might_hurt_us.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VeriSign+Hacked%3A+What+We+Don%27t+Know+Might+Hurt+Us&rft.pub=PCWorld&rft.date=2012-02-02&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F249242%2Fverisign_hacked_what_we_dont_know_might_hurt_us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlbanesius2012" class="citation web cs1">Albanesius, Chloe (February 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2399773,00.asp">"VeriSign Hacked Multiple Times in 2010 | News & Opinion"</a>. PCMag.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116083322/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2399773,00.asp">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VeriSign+Hacked+Multiple+Times+in+2010+%26%23124%3B+News+%26+Opinion&rft.pub=PCMag.com&rft.date=2012-02-02&rft.aulast=Albanesius&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Farticle2%2F0%2C2817%2C2399773%2C00.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202160119/http://www.ice.gov/news/releases/1011/101129washington.htm">"82 Websites removed by DNS removal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ice.gov/news/releases/1011/101129washington.htm">the original</a> on December 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=82+Websites+removed+by+DNS+removal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ice.gov%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F1011%2F101129washington.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domainincite.com/icann-had-no-role-in-seizing-torrent-domains/">"Verisign implicated in DNS annulment"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101201183309/http://domainincite.com/icann-had-no-role-in-seizing-torrent-domains/">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verisign+implicated+in+DNS+annulment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomainincite.com%2Ficann-had-no-role-in-seizing-torrent-domains%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=228500229">"Verisign acknowledges DNS removals"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206223747/http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=228500229">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verisign+acknowledges+DNS+removals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fnews%2FshowArticle.jhtml%3FarticleID%3D228500229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dot-p2p.org">"Peer-to-peer response to Verisign's DNS removals"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328104132/http://dot-p2p.org/">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peer-to-peer+response+to+Verisign%27s+DNS+removals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdot-p2p.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArthur2010" class="citation news cs1">Arthur, Charles (January 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/dec/07/wikileaks-under-attack-definitive-timeline">"WikiLeaks under attack: the definitive timeline"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170117220540/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/dec/07/wikileaks-under-attack-definitive-timeline">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=WikiLeaks+under+attack%3A+the+definitive+timeline&rft.date=2010-01-08&rft.aulast=Arthur&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2010%2Fdec%2F07%2Fwikileaks-under-attack-definitive-timeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2010/12/amazon-and-wikileaks-first-amendment-only-strong">"EFF warns of Internet chokepoints"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101205043433/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2010/12/amazon-and-wikileaks-first-amendment-only-strong">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EFF+warns+of+Internet+chokepoints&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Fdeeplinks%2F2010%2F12%2Famazon-and-wikileaks-first-amendment-only-strong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKravets2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Kravets, David (March 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2012/03/feds-seize-foreign-sites/">"Uncle Sam: If It Ends in .Com, It's .Seizable"</a>. <i>Wired</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Uncle+Sam%3A+If+It+Ends+in+.Com%2C+It%27s+.Seizable&rft.date=2012-03-06&rft.aulast=Kravets&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2012%2F03%2Ffeds-seize-foreign-sites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerisign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verisign&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Verisign" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Verisign">Verisign</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verisign.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.websecurity.digicert.com/ssl-certificate/">Digicert SSL Certificates - formerly from Verisign</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.umn.edu/107117">Oral history interview with James Bidzos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Babbage Institute">Charles Babbage Institute</a> University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Bidzos discusses his leadership of software security firm <a href="/wiki/RSA_Data_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="RSA Data Security">RSA Data Security</a> as it sought to commercialize encryption technology as well as his role in creating the <a href="/wiki/RSA_Conference" title="RSA Conference">RSA Conference</a> and founding Verisign. Oral history interview 2004, Mill Valley, California.</li> <li>Business data for Verisign: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/VRSN">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=VRSN">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/VRSN">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Website_management243" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WebManTools" title="Template:WebManTools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WebManTools" title="Template talk:WebManTools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WebManTools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WebManTools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Website_management243" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Website management</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">Web hosting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clustered_web_hosting" title="Clustered web hosting">Clustered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Peer-to-peer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-hosting_(web_services)" title="Self-hosting (web services)">Self-hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_web_hosting" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual web hosting">Virtual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_analytics" title="Web analytics">Web analytics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Click_analytics" title="Click analytics">Click analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_web_analytics" title="Mobile web analytics">Mobile web analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_tracking" title="Web tracking">Web tracking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Click_tracking" title="Click tracking">Click tracking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overselling" title="Overselling">Overselling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_document" class="mw-redirect" title="Web document">Web document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_content" title="Web content">Web content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_content_lifecycle" title="Web content lifecycle">Web content lifecycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">Web server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_cache" title="Web cache">Web cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmaster" title="Webmaster">Webmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website_governance" title="Website governance">Website governance</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_control_panel" title="Web hosting control panel">Web hosting control panels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_hosting_control_panels" title="Comparison of web hosting control panels">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/AlternC" title="AlternC">AlternC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPanel" title="CPanel">cPanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectAdmin" title="DirectAdmin">DirectAdmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Technologie_Control" title="Domain Technologie Control">Domain Technologie Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froxlor" title="Froxlor">Froxlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-MSCP" title="I-MSCP">i-MSCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISPConfig" title="ISPConfig">ISPConfig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispmanager" title="Ispmanager">Ispmanager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kloxo" title="Kloxo">Kloxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesk" title="Plesk">Plesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usermin" title="Usermin">Usermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmin" title="Webmin">Webmin</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">Top-level domain</a> registries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFNIC" class="mw-redirect" title="AFNIC">AFNIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.au_Domain_Administration" title=".au Domain Administration">auDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_Belgium" title="DNS Belgium">DNS Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CentralNic" class="mw-redirect" title="CentralNic">CentralNic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Internet_Registration_Authority" title="Canadian Internet Registration Authority">CIRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Internet_Network_Information_Center" title="China Internet Network Information Center">CNNIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CZ.NIC" title="CZ.NIC">CZ.NIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DENIC" title="DENIC">DENIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURid" title="EURid">EURid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freenom" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenom">Freenom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoDaddy" title="GoDaddy">GoDaddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Domains" title="Google Domains">Google Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Digital" title="Identity Digital">Identity Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Research_in_Fundamental_Sciences" title="Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences">IPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Registry_Services" title="Japan Registry Services">JPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Internet_%26_Security_Agency" title="Korea Internet & Security Agency">KISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIC_M%C3%A9xico" title="NIC México">NIC México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominet">Nominet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Interest_Registry" title="Public Interest Registry">PIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucows" title="Tucows">Tucows</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Verisign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">Domain name</a> managers and <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">registrars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluehost" title="Bluehost">Bluehost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domainz" title="Domainz">Domainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamHost" title="DreamHost">DreamHost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynadot" title="Dynadot">Dynadot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enom" title="Enom">Enom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epik" title="Epik">Epik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandi" title="Gandi">Gandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlowHost" title="GlowHost">GlowHost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMO_Internet" title="GMO Internet">GMO Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoDaddy" title="GoDaddy">GoDaddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Domains" title="Google Domains">Google Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hover_(domain_registrar)" title="Hover (domain registrar)">Hover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infomaniak" title="Infomaniak">Infomaniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimdo" title="Jimdo">Jimdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name.com" title="Name.com">Name.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namecheap" title="Namecheap">Namecheap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostinger" title="Hostinger">Hostinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NameSilo" title="NameSilo">NameSilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NearlyFreeSpeech" title="NearlyFreeSpeech">NearlyFreeSpeech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Solutions" title="Network Solutions">Network Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OVHcloud" title="OVHcloud">OVH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register.com" title="Register.com">Register.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squarespace" title="Squarespace">Squarespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucows" title="Tucows">Tucows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK2_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="UK2 Group">UK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcentral" title="Webcentral">Webcentral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web.com" title="Web.com">Web.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wix.com" title="Wix.com">Wix.com</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_content_management_system" title="Web content management system">Web content management system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Document_management_system" title="Document management system">Document management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_software" title="Wiki software">Wiki software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blog software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734338#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata384" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734338#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata384" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734338#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000403940102">ISNI</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verisign&oldid=1275651843">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verisign&oldid=1275651843</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_technology_companies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Internet technology companies of the United States">Internet technology companies of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1995" title="Category:American companies established in 1995">American companies established in 1995</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Domain_Name_System" title="Category:Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_companies_established_in_1995" title="Category:Computer companies established in 1995">Computer companies established in 1995</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Reston,_Virginia" title="Category:Companies based in Reston, Virginia">Companies based in Reston, Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_listed_on_the_Nasdaq" title="Category:Companies listed on the Nasdaq">Companies listed on the Nasdaq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_certificate_authorities" title="Category:Former certificate authorities">Former certificate authorities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio-frequency_identification" title="Category:Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Domain_name_registries" title="Category:Domain name registries">Domain name registries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1995_establishments_in_Virginia" title="Category:1995 establishments in Virginia">1995 establishments in Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:DDoS_mitigation_companies" title="Category:DDoS mitigation companies">DDoS mitigation companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1998_initial_public_offerings" title="Category:1998 initial public offerings">1998 initial public offerings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Corporate_spin-offs" title="Category:Corporate spin-offs">Corporate spin-offs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Domain_name_seizures_by_United_States" title="Category:Domain name seizures by United States">Domain name seizures by United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing title">CS1 errors: missing title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bare_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: bare URL">CS1 errors: bare URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2013" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2013">Use mdy dates from July 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_March_2021" title="Category:Use American English from March 2021">Use American English from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_network_service_provider_ASN_not_in_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox network service provider ASN not in Wikidata">Infobox network service provider ASN not in Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2013" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2013">Articles needing additional references from August 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 February 2025, at 07:48<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verisign&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Verisign</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>35 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-78bdfcd464-pmtnz","wgBackendResponseTime":180,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.937","walltime":"1.218","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5922,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":132295,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8037,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":168370,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1096.746 1 -total"," 32.12% 352.266 2 Template:Infobox"," 30.00% 328.994 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.90% 284.024 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 22.25% 243.993 32 Template:Cite_web"," 10.08% 110.519 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.91% 86.762 1 Template:Infobox_network_service_provider"," 5.75% 63.115 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.51% 60.484 1 Template:Unbulleted_list"," 5.38% 59.030 3 Template:Ifnumber"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.572","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9154091,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-78bdfcd464-7xtzt","timestamp":"20250318234255","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Verisign","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Verisign","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q734338","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q734338","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-09-16T08:54:47Z","dateModified":"2025-02-14T07:48:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1f\/Verisign_HQ_viewed_from_the_RTC_Orange_Garage.jpg","headline":"American Internet company"}</script> </body> </html>