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<li id="toc-Formation_and_consolidation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_and_consolidation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Formation and consolidation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_and_consolidation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weapon_plans_stolen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapon_plans_stolen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Weapon plans stolen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weapon_plans_stolen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loan_guarantee_program_of_2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loan_guarantee_program_of_2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Loan guarantee program of 2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loan_guarantee_program_of_2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Symbolism_in_the_seal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism_in_the_seal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Symbolism in the seal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolism_in_the_seal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_weapons_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_weapons_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nuclear weapons sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_weapons_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Related legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Budget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programs_and_contracts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs_and_contracts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Programs and contracts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programs_and_contracts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programs and contracts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programs_and_contracts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy_Savings_Performance_Contract" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_Savings_Performance_Contract"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Energy Savings Performance Contract</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_Savings_Performance_Contract-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_Innovation_Hubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_Innovation_Hubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Energy Innovation Hubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_Innovation_Hubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency-Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_secretaries_of_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_secretaries_of_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of secretaries of energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_secretaries_of_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Department of Energy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="وزارة الطاقة (الولايات المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وزارة الطاقة (الولايات المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_d%27Enerch%C3%ADa_d%27os_Estaus_Unius" title="Departamento d'Enerchía d'os Estaus Unius – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Departamento d'Enerchía d'os Estaus Unius" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="ইউনাইটেড স্টেটস ডিপার্টমেন্ট অব এনার্জি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউনাইটেড স্টেটস ডিপার্টমেন্ট অব এনার্জি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Міністэрства энергетыкі ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міністэрства энергетыкі ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Міністэрства энэргетыкі ЗША – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міністэрства энэргетыкі ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Министерство на енергетиката на САЩ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Министерство на енергетиката на САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departament_d%27Energia_dels_Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Departament d'Energia dels Estats Units d'Amèrica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Departament d'Energia dels Estats Units d'Amèrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerstvo_energetiky_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Ministerstvo energetiky Spojených států amerických – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ministerstvo energetiky Spojených států amerických" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energieministerium_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Energieministerium der Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Energieministerium der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_Energeetikaministeerium" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide Energeetikaministeerium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Ühendriikide Energeetikaministeerium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91" title="Υπουργείο Ενέργειας των ΗΠΑ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπουργείο Ενέργειας των ΗΠΑ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_de_Energ%C3%ADa_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Departamento de Energía de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Departamento de Energía de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_departemento_pri_energio" title="Usona departemento pri energio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona departemento pri energio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Energia_Saila" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Energia Saila – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Energia Saila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="وزارت انرژی ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وزارت انرژی ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_de_l%27%C3%89nergie_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Département de l'Énergie des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Département de l'Énergie des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80%EB%B6%80" title="미국 에너지부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 에너지부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministarstvo_energetike_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Ministarstvo energetike Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ministarstvo energetike Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departemen_Energi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Energi Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Departemen Energi Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipartimento_dell%27energia_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Dipartimento dell'energia degli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dipartimento dell'energia degli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מחלקת האנרגיה של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחלקת האנרגיה של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabatan_Tenaga_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jabatan Tenaga Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United States Department of Energy" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC%E7%9C%81" title="アメリカ合衆国エネルギー省 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国エネルギー省" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energidepartementet_(USA)" title="Energidepartementet (USA) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Energidepartementet (USA)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energidepartementet_i_USA" title="Energidepartementet i USA – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Energidepartementet i USA" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departament_Energii_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Departament Energii Stanów Zjednoczonych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Departament Energii Stanów Zjednoczonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_de_Energia_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Министерство энергетики США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Министерство энергетики США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States Department of Energy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_energiaministeri%C3%B6" title="Yhdysvaltain energiaministeriö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain energiaministeriö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA:s_energidepartement" title="USA:s energidepartement – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USA:s energidepartement" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_Department_of_Energy&params=38_53_13_N_77_1_34_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°53′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°1′34″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.88694°N 77.02611°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.88694; -77.02611</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. government department regulating energy production and nuclear material handling</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"USDOE" redirects here. For the U.S. Department of Education, see <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">United States Department of Education</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">United States Department of Energy</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/175px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/263px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/350px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seal of the U.S. Department of Energy</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/175px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/263px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg/350px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the U.S. Department of Energy</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Dept_of_Energy_Forrestal_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/US_Dept_of_Energy_Forrestal_Building.jpg/220px-US_Dept_of_Energy_Forrestal_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/US_Dept_of_Energy_Forrestal_Building.jpg/330px-US_Dept_of_Energy_Forrestal_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/US_Dept_of_Energy_Forrestal_Building.jpg/440px-US_Dept_of_Energy_Forrestal_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/James_V._Forrestal_Building" title="James V. Forrestal Building">James V. Forrestal Building</a>, headquarter building named after <a href="/wiki/James_Forrestal" title="James Forrestal">James Forrestal</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">August 4, 1977<span class="noprint">; 47 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1977-08-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Administration" title="Federal Energy Administration">Federal Energy Administration</a> (FEA)</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_Research_and_Development_Administration" title="Energy Research and Development Administration">Energy Research and Development Administration</a> (ERDA)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_V._Forrestal_Building" title="James V. Forrestal Building">James V. Forrestal Building</a><br />1000 <a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Independence Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Independence Avenue</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Southwest,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest, Washington, D.C.">Southwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_Department_of_Energy&params=38_53_13_N_77_1_34_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°53′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°1′34″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.88694°N 77.02611°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.88694; -77.02611</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">14,382 federal civilian (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />93,094 contract (2008)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$31.7 billion (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/David_Turk" title="David Turk">David Turk</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Energy">Deputy Secretary</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.energy.gov">energy.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States Department of Energy</b> (<b>DOE</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">executive department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a> that oversees U.S. national energy policy and <a href="/wiki/Energy_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy production">energy production</a>, the research and development of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>, the military's <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear weapons of the United States">nuclear weapons program</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a> production for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>, energy-related research, and <a href="/wiki/Energy_conservation" title="Energy conservation">energy conservation</a>. </p><p>The DOE was created in 1977 in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a>. It sponsors more physical science research than any other U.S. federal agency, the majority of which is conducted through its system of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_National_Laboratories" title="United States Department of Energy National Laboratories">National Laboratories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EnergySC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnergySC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DOE also directs research in <a href="/wiki/Genomics" title="Genomics">genomics</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a> originating from a DOE initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The department is headed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">secretary of energy</a>, who reports directly to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> and is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a>. The current secretary of energy is <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a>, who has served in the position since February 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The department's headquarters are in southwestern <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/James_V._Forrestal_Building" title="James V. Forrestal Building">James V. Forrestal Building</a>, with additional offices in <a href="/wiki/Germantown,_Maryland" title="Germantown, Maryland">Germantown, Maryland</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_and_consolidation">Formation and consolidation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation and consolidation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1942, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the United States started the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> to develop the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a> under the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers</a>. After the war, in 1946, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a> (AEC) was created to control the future of the project.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1946" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1946">Atomic Energy Act of 1946</a> also created the framework for the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">National Laboratories</a>. Among other nuclear projects, the AEC produced fabricated uranium fuel cores at locations such as <a href="/wiki/Fernald_Feed_Materials_Production_Center" title="Fernald Feed Materials Production Center">Fernald Feed Materials Production Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCLO950_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCLO950-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Energy_Reorganization_Act_of_1974" title="Energy Reorganization Act of 1974">Energy Reorganization Act of 1974</a> split the responsibilities of the AEC into the new <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">Nuclear Regulatory Commission</a>, which was charged with regulating the nuclear power industry, and the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Research_and_Development_Administration" title="Energy Research and Development Administration">Energy Research and Development Administration</a>, which was assigned to manage the nuclear weapon, naval reactor, and energy development programs.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a> called attention to the need to consolidate energy policy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> signed into law the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_Organization_Act" title="Department of Energy Organization Act">Department of Energy Organization Act</a>, which established the Department of Energy.<sup id="cite_ref-Relyea2003_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Relyea2003-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new agency, which began operations on October 1, 1977, consolidated the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Administration" title="Federal Energy Administration">Federal Energy Administration</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Research_and_Development_Administration" title="Energy Research and Development Administration">Energy Research and Development Administration</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Commission" title="Federal Power Commission">Federal Power Commission</a>, and programs of various other agencies. Former Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/James_Schlesinger" class="mw-redirect" title="James Schlesinger">James Schlesinger</a>, who served under Presidents Nixon and Ford during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, was appointed as the first secretary. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">President Carter</a> proposed the Department of Energy with the goal of promoting energy conservation and energy independence, and developing alternative sources of energy to reduce the use of <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With international energy's future uncertain for America, Carter acted quickly to have the department come into action the first year of his presidency. This was an extremely important issue of the time as the oil crisis was causing shortages and <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident">Three Mile Island accident</a>, Carter was able to intervene with the help of the department. Through the DOE, Carter was able to make changes within the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">Nuclear Regulatory Commission</a>, including improving management and procedures, since nuclear energy and weapons are responsibilities of the department.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weapon_plans_stolen">Weapon plans stolen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Weapon plans stolen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wen_Ho_Lee" title="Wen Ho Lee">Wen Ho Lee</a></div> <p>In December 1999, the FBI was investigating how China obtained plans for a specific nuclear device. <a href="/wiki/Wen_Ho_Lee" title="Wen Ho Lee">Wen Ho Lee</a> was accused of stealing nuclear secrets from <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> for the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>. Federal officials, including then-Energy Secretary <a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson" title="Bill Richardson">Bill Richardson</a>, publicly named Lee as a suspect before he was charged with a crime. The U.S. Congress held hearings to investigate the Department of Energy's handling of his case. Republican senators thought that an independent agency should be in charge of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons">nuclear weapons</a> and security issues, rather than the DOE.<sup id="cite_ref-slate_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All but one of the 59 charges against Lee were eventually dropped because the investigation proved the plans the Chinese obtained could not have come from Lee. Lee filed suit and won a $1.6 million settlement against the federal government and news agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The episode eventually led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration" title="National Nuclear Security Administration">National Nuclear Security Administration</a>, a semi-autonomous agency within the department.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loan_guarantee_program_of_2005">Loan guarantee program of 2005</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Loan guarantee program of 2005"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, <a href="/wiki/American_Solar_Challenge" title="American Solar Challenge">American Solar Challenge</a> was sponsored by the DOE and the <a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 2005 race, the DOE discontinued its sponsorship.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Title XVII of <a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_2005" title="Energy Policy Act of 2005">Energy Policy Act of 2005</a> authorizes the DOE to issue loan guarantees to eligible projects that "avoid, reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gases</a>" and "employ new or significantly improved technologies as compared to technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In loan guarantees, a conditional commitment requires to meet an equity commitment, as well as other conditions, before the loan guarantee is completed.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2008, the DOE, the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a> (NTI), the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Nuclear_Materials_Management" title="Institute of Nuclear Materials Management">Institute of Nuclear Materials Management</a> (INMM), and the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> (IAEA) partnered to develop and launch the <a href="/wiki/World_Institute_for_Nuclear_Security" title="World Institute for Nuclear Security">World Institute for Nuclear Security</a> (WINS), an international <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organization</a> designed to provide a forum to share best practices in strengthening the security and safety of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_material" title="Nuclear material">nuclear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a> materials and facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DOE_Org_Chart_Feb_2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DOE_Org_Chart_Feb_2022.png/220px-DOE_Org_Chart_Feb_2022.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DOE_Org_Chart_Feb_2022.png/330px-DOE_Org_Chart_Feb_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DOE_Org_Chart_Feb_2022.png/440px-DOE_Org_Chart_Feb_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Organizational chart of the US Department of Energy after the February 2022 reorganization</figcaption></figure> <p>The department announced a reorganization with new names of under secretaries in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Program </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="20" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Energy">Deputy Secretary of Energy</a><br />*Associate Deputy Secretary of Energy </td></tr> <tr> <td>Assistant Secretary of Energy (International Affairs) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Assistant Secretary of Energy (Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of the General Counsel </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of the Chief Financial Officer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency-Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy">Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">Energy Information Administration</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Enterprise Assessments </td></tr> <tr> <td>Energy Policy and System Analysis </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Intelligence_and_Counterintelligence" title="Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence">Intelligence and Counterintelligence</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public Affairs </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of Management </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of Project Management </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chief Human Capital Officer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chief Information Officer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Economic Impact and Diversity </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hearings and Appeals </td></tr> <tr> <td>Assistant Secretary of Energy (Environmental Management)<br />*Legacy Management </td></tr> <tr> <td>Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="7" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Under Secretary of Energy for Science">Under Secretary for Science and Innovation</a> </th> <td>Arctic Energy Office </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of Critical and Emerging Technologies (CET) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">Assistant Secretary of Energy (Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_for_Electricity_Delivery_and_Energy_Reliability" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary for Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability">Assistant Secretary of Energy (Electricity)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_for_Fossil_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy">Assistant Secretary of Energy (Fossil Energy and Carbon Management)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Nuclear_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy">Assistant Secretary of Energy (Nuclear Energy)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Nuclear_Security" title="Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security">Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration" title="National Nuclear Security Administration">National Nuclear Security Administration</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="13" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Energy_and_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Under Secretary of Energy for Energy and Environment">Under Secretary for Infrastructure</a> </th> <td>National Laboratory Operations Board </td></tr> <tr> <td>Associate Under Secretary of Energy (Environment, Health, Safety and Security) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of Federal Energy Management Programs </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grid Deployment Office </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indian Energy Policy and Programs </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan_Programs_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loan Programs Office (page does not exist)">Loan Programs Office</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of State and Community Energy Programs </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_Power_Administration" title="Bonneville Power Administration">Bonneville Power Administration</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Power_Administration" title="Southeastern Power Administration">Southeastern Power Administration</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Power_Administration" title="Southwestern Power Administration">Southwestern Power Administration</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Area_Power_Administration" title="Western Area Power Administration">Western Area Power Administration</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The department is under the control and supervision of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">United States Secretary of Energy</a>, a political appointee of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>. The Energy Secretary is assisted in managing the department by a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Energy">United States Deputy Secretary of Energy</a>, also appointed by the president, who assumes the duties of the secretary in the secretary's absence. The department also has three under secretaries, each appointed by the president, who oversee the major areas of the department's work. The president also appoints seven officials with the rank of Assistant Secretary of Energy who have line management responsibility for major organizational elements of the department. The Energy Secretary assigns their functions and duties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbolism_in_the_seal">Symbolism in the seal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Symbolism in the seal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Excerpt from the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations">Title 10: Energy</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official seal of the Department of Energy "includes a green shield bisected by a gold-colored lightning bolt, on which is emblazoned a gold-colored symbolic <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_derrick" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil derrick">oil derrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">windmill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dynamo" title="Dynamo">dynamo</a>. It is crested by the white head of an <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">eagle</a>, atop a white rope. Both appear on a blue field surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Concentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentric">concentric</a> circles in which the name of the agency, in gold, appears on a green background." </p><p>"The <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">eagle</a> represents the care in planning and the purposefulness of efforts required to respond to the Nation's increasing demands for <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_derrick" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil derrick">oil derrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">windmill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dynamo" title="Dynamo">dynamo</a> serve as representative technologies whose enhanced development can help meet these demands. The rope represents the cohesiveness in the development of the technologies and their link to our future capabilities. The <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> bolt represents the power of the natural forces from which energy is derived and the Nation's challenge in harnessing the forces." </p><p>"The color scheme is derived from nature, symbolizing both the source of energy and the support of man's existence. The blue field represents <a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">air</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, green represents <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> resources and the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">earth</a> itself, and gold represents the creation of energy in the release of natural forces. By invoking this <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolism</a>, the color scheme represents the Nation's commitment to meet its energy needs in a manner consistent with the <a href="/wiki/Conservation_(ethic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation (ethic)">preservation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">natural environment</a>." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facilities">Facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Department of Energy operates a system of national laboratories and technical facilities for research and development, as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-DOE-National-Labs_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOE-National-Labs-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ames_National_Laboratory" title="Ames National Laboratory">Ames National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_National_Accelerator_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory">Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Idaho National Laboratory">Idaho National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Technology_Laboratory" title="National Energy Technology Laboratory">National Energy Technology Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_National_Laboratory" title="Pacific Northwest National Laboratory">Pacific Northwest National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Plasma_Physics_Laboratory" title="Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory">Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia National Laboratories</a> (SNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_River_National_Laboratory" title="Savannah River National Laboratory">Savannah River National Laboratory</a></li> <li>DOE/SNL <a href="/wiki/Scaled_Wind_Farm_Technology_(SWiFT)_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility">Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLAC_National_Accelerator_Laboratory" title="SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory">SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_National_Accelerator_Facility" title="Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility">Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility</a></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Research_Center" title="Albany Research Center">Albany Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettis_Atomic_Power_Laboratory" title="Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory">Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory</a> – under <a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration" title="National Nuclear Security Administration">NNSA</a> designs/develops nuclear-powered propulsion for the U.S. Navy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Plant">Kansas City National Security Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knolls_Atomic_Power_Laboratory" title="Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory">Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory</a> – under <a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration" title="National Nuclear Security Administration">NNSA</a> designs/develops nuclear-powered propulsion for the U.S. Navy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Petroleum_Technology_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="National Petroleum Technology Office">National Petroleum Technology Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Test_Site" title="Nevada Test Site">Nevada National Security Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Laboratory" title="New Brunswick Laboratory">New Brunswick Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Fossil_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Fossil Energy (page does not exist)">Office of Fossil Energy</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_River_Protection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of River Protection (page does not exist)">Office of River Protection</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantex" title="Pantex">Pantex Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiological_and_Environmental_Sciences_Laboratory" title="Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory">Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_River_Site" title="Savannah River Site">Savannah River Site</a>—separate from <a href="/wiki/Savannah_River_National_Laboratory" title="Savannah River National Laboratory">Savannah River National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-12_National_Security_Complex" title="Y-12 National Security Complex">Y-12 National Security Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository" title="Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository">Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Other major DOE facilities include:<sup id="cite_ref-NNSA-Locations_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNSA-Locations-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DOE-Knolls_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOE-Knolls-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Airstrip: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pahute_Mesa_Airstrip" title="Pahute Mesa Airstrip">Pahute Mesa Airstrip</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nye_County,_Nevada" title="Nye County, Nevada">Nye County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevada National Security Site">Nevada National Security Site</a><sup id="cite_ref-FAA_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_weapons_sites">Nuclear weapons sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nuclear weapons sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wfm_area51_map_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wfm_area51_map_en.png/220px-Wfm_area51_map_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wfm_area51_map_en.png/330px-Wfm_area51_map_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wfm_area51_map_en.png/440px-Wfm_area51_map_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1382" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>A map that details the <a href="/wiki/Federal_lands" title="Federal lands">federal land</a> in southern Nevada, showing <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Test_Site" title="Nevada Test Site">Nevada Test Site</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The DOE/<a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration" title="National Nuclear Security Administration">NNSA</a> has federal responsibility for the design, testing and production of all nuclear weapons. NNSA in turn uses contractors to carry out its responsibilities at the following government owned sites:<sup id="cite_ref-Nuclear_Matters_Handbook_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuclear_Matters_Handbook-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Research, development, and manufacturing guidance: <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Engineering of the non-nuclear components and system integration: <a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia National Laboratories</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Manufacturing of key components: The <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Plant">Kansas City Plant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savannah_River_Site" title="Savannah River Site">Savannah River Site</a> and <a href="/wiki/Y-12_National_Security_Complex" title="Y-12 National Security Complex">Y-12 National Security Complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nuclear_Matters_Handbook_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuclear_Matters_Handbook-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Testing: <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Test_Site" title="Nevada Test Site">Nevada Test Site</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nuclear_Matters_Handbook_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuclear_Matters_Handbook-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Final weapon and warhead assembling and dismantling: <a href="/wiki/Pantex" title="Pantex">Pantex</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_legislation">Related legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Related legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Department_of_Energy_Sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Department_of_Energy_Sign.jpg/240px-Department_of_Energy_Sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Department_of_Energy_Sign.jpg/360px-Department_of_Energy_Sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Department_of_Energy_Sign.jpg/480px-Department_of_Energy_Sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Sign in front of the United States Department of Energy Forrestal Building on 1000 <a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Independence Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Independence Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1920 – <a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Act" title="Federal Power Act">Federal Power Act</a></li> <li>1935 – <a href="/wiki/Public_Utility_Holding_Company_Act_of_1935" title="Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935">Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935</a></li> <li>1946 – <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Atomic Energy Act of 1946">Atomic Energy Act</a> PL 79-585 (created the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>) [Superseded by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954]</li> <li>1954 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1954,_as_Amended&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as Amended (page does not exist)">Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as Amended</a> PL 83-703</li> <li>1956 – <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Storage_Project" title="Colorado River Storage Project">Colorado River Storage Project</a> PL 84-485</li> <li>1957 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_Energy_Commission_Acquisition_of_Property&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic Energy Commission Acquisition of Property (page does not exist)">Atomic Energy Commission Acquisition of Property</a> PL 85-162</li> <li>1957 – <a href="/wiki/Price-Anderson_Nuclear_Industries_Indemnity_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act">Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act</a> PL 85-256</li> <li>1968 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_Gas_Pipeline_Safety_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act (page does not exist)">Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act</a> PL 90-481</li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_Authorization_Act" title="Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act">Mineral Leasing Act Amendments</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alaska_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska pipeline">Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline Authorization</a>) PL 93-153</li> <li>1974 – <a href="/wiki/Energy_Reorganization_Act_of_1974" title="Energy Reorganization Act of 1974">Energy Reorganization Act</a> PL 93-438 (Split the AEC into the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Research_and_Development_Administration" title="Energy Research and Development Administration">Energy Research and Development Administration</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">Nuclear Regulatory Commission</a>)</li> <li>1975 – <a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_and_Conservation_Act" title="Energy Policy and Conservation Act">Energy Policy and Conservation Act</a> PL 94-163</li> <li>1977 – <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_Organization_Act" title="Department of Energy Organization Act">Department of Energy Organization Act</a> PL 95-91 (Dismantled ERDA and replaced it with the Department of Energy)</li> <li>1978 – <a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Act" title="National Energy Act">National Energy Act</a> PL 95-617, 618, 619, 620, 621</li> <li>1980 – <a href="/wiki/Energy_Security_Act" title="Energy Security Act">Energy Security Act</a> PL 96-294</li> <li>1989 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_Gas_Wellhead_Decontrol_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act (page does not exist)">Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act</a> PL 101-60</li> <li>1992 – <a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_1992" title="Energy Policy Act of 1992">Energy Policy Act of 1992</a> PL 102-486</li> <li>2000 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Nuclear_Security_Administration_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Nuclear Security Administration Act (page does not exist)">National Nuclear Security Administration Act</a> PL 106-65</li> <li>2005 – <a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_2005" title="Energy Policy Act of 2005">Energy Policy Act of 2005</a> PL 109-58</li> <li>2007 – <a href="/wiki/Energy_Independence_and_Security_Act_of_2007" title="Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007">Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007</a> PL 110-140</li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008" title="Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008">Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008</a> PL 110-234</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budget">Budget</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Budget"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 7, 2009 President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> unveiled a $26.4 billion budget request for DOE for fiscal year (FY) 2010, including $2.3 billion for the DOE <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy</a> (EERE). That budget aimed to substantially expand the use of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> sources while improving energy transmission infrastructure. It also proposed significant investments<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="vague (December 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">hybrids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in hybrids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">smart grid</a> technologies, and scientific research and innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-energy1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the $789 billion economic stimulus package in the <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act</a> of 2009, Congress provided Energy with an additional $38.3 billion for fiscal years 2009 and 2010, adding about 75 percent to Energy's annual budgets. Most of the stimulus spending was in the form of grants and contracts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For fiscal year 2013, each of the operating units of the Department of Energy operated with the following budgets:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Division </th> <th>Funding </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nuclear Security </td> <td>$11.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Energy and Environment </td> <td>$9.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Science </td> <td>$4.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Management </td> <td>$0.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td>$0.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>$28</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In March 2018, Energy Secretary Rick Perry testified to a Senate panel about the Trump administration's DOE budget request for fiscal year 2019. The budget request prioritized nuclear security while making large cuts to <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a> and renewable energy programs. The proposal was a $500 million increase in funds over fiscal year 2017. It "promotes innovations like a new Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER) and gains for the Office of Fossil Energy. Investments would be made to strengthen the National Nuclear Security Administration and modernize the nuclear force, as well as in weapons activities and advanced computing." However, the budget for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy would be lowered to $696 million under the plan, down from $1.3 billion in fiscal year 2017. Overall, the department's energy and related programs would be cut by $1.9 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (October 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs_and_contracts">Programs and contracts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Programs and contracts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_Savings_Performance_Contract">Energy Savings Performance Contract</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Energy Savings Performance Contract"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_Savings_Performance_Contract" title="Energy Savings Performance Contract">Energy Savings Performance Contract</a></div> <p>Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs) are contracts under which a contractor designs, constructs, and obtains the necessary financing for an energy savings project, and the federal agency makes payments over time to the contractor from the savings in the agency's utility bills. The contractor guarantees the energy improvements will generate savings, and after the contract ends, all continuing cost savings accrue to the federal agency.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_Innovation_Hubs">Energy Innovation Hubs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Energy Innovation Hubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Energy Innovation Hubs are <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">multi-disciplinary</a>, meant to advance highly promising areas of energy science and technology from their early stages of research to the point that the risk level will be low enough for industry to commercialize<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (December 2021)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:United_States_Department_of_Energy#Dubious" title="Talk:United States Department of Energy">discuss</a></i>]</sup> the technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-energy1_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) was the first DOE Energy Innovation Hub established in July 2010, for the purpose of providing advanced modeling and simulation (M&S) solutions for commercial nuclear reactors.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2009 DOE budget includes $280 million to fund eight Energy Innovation Hubs, each of which is focused on a particular energy challenge. Two of the eight hubs are included in the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">EERE</a> budget and will focus on integrating smart materials, designs, and systems into buildings to better conserve energy and on designing and discovering new concepts and materials needed to convert solar energy into electricity. Another two hubs, included in the DOE Office of Science budget, were created to tackle the challenges of devising advanced methods of energy storage and creating fuels directly from sunlight without the use of plants or microbes. Yet another hub was made to develop "smart" materials to allow the electrical grid to adapt and respond to changing conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-energy1_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the DOE awarded $120 million to the <a href="/wiki/Ames_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Ames Laboratory">Ames Laboratory</a> to start a new EIH, the Critical Materials Institute, which will focus on improving the supply of <a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare earth element">rare earth elements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NetworkWorld_2013_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NetworkWorld_2013-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency-Energy">Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/ARPA-E" title="ARPA-E">ARPA-E</a></div> <p>ARPA-E was officially created by the <a href="/wiki/America_COMPETES_Act" title="America COMPETES Act">America COMPETES Act</a> , authored by Congressman <a href="/wiki/Bart_Gordon" title="Bart Gordon">Bart Gordon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within the United States Department of Energy (DOE) in 2007, though without a budget. The initial budget of about $400 million was a part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">economic stimulus bill</a> of February 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DOE_Isotope_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DOE Isotope Program (page does not exist)">DOE Isotope Program</a> - coordinates isotope production<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Management_Program" title="Federal Energy Management Program">Federal Energy Management Program</a></li> <li>Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation - a <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3) organization</a> dedicated to supporting DOE research</li> <li>Fusion Energy Sciences - a program to research <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">nuclear fusion</a>, with a yearly budget in 2020 of $670 million, with $250 million of that going to <a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">ITER</a><sup id="cite_ref-SciMag_1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SciMag_1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GovEnergy" title="GovEnergy">GovEnergy</a> - an annual event partly sponsored by the DOE</li> <li>Grid Deployment Office - a division dedicated to spreading adoption of grid-enhancing technologies and improving transmission permitting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Bowl" title="National Science Bowl">National Science Bowl</a> - a high school and middle school science knowledge competition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Decathlon" title="Solar Decathlon">Solar Decathlon</a> - a international collegiate competition to design and build solar-powered houses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Energy_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="State Energy Program">State Energy Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherization_Assistance_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Weatherization Assistance Program">Weatherization Assistance Program</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_secretaries_of_energy">List of secretaries of energy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: List of secretaries of energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">United States Secretary of Energy</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"># </th> <th rowspan="2">Name </th> <th colspan="2">Term </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> served </th></tr> <tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James R. Schlesinger</a> </td> <td>August 6, 1977 </td> <td>August 23, 1979 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Duncan,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles W. Duncan, Jr.">Charles W. Duncan, Jr.</a> </td> <td>August 54, 1979 </td> <td>January 20, 1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_B._Edwards" title="James B. Edwards">James B. Edwards</a> </td> <td>January 23, 1981 </td> <td>November 5, 1982 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Paul_Hodel" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Paul Hodel">Donald Paul Hodel</a> </td> <td>November 5, 1982 </td> <td>February 7, 1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_S._Herrington" title="John S. Herrington">John S. Herrington</a> </td> <td>February 7, 1985 </td> <td>January 20, 1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_D._Watkins" title="James D. Watkins">James D. Watkins</a> </td> <td>March 1, 1989 </td> <td>January 20, 1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hazel_R._O%27Leary" title="Hazel R. O'Leary">Hazel R. O'Leary</a> </td> <td>January 22, 1993 </td> <td>January 20, 1997 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federico_F._Pe%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Federico F. Peña">Federico F. Peña</a> </td> <td>March 12, 1997 </td> <td>June 30, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson" title="Bill Richardson">Bill Richardson</a> </td> <td>August 18, 1998 </td> <td>January 20, 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Abraham" title="Spencer Abraham">Spencer Abraham</a> </td> <td>January 22, 2001 </td> <td>January 31, 2005 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Bodman" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel W. Bodman">Samuel W. Bodman</a> </td> <td>February 1, 2005 </td> <td>January 20, 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a> </td> <td>January 21, 2009 </td> <td>April 22, 2013 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Moniz" title="Ernest Moniz">Ernest Moniz</a> </td> <td>May 16, 2013 </td> <td>January 20, 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> </td> <td>March 2, 2017 </td> <td>December 1, 2019 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dan_Brouillette" title="Dan Brouillette">Dan Brouillette</a> </td> <td>December 4, 2019 </td> <td>January 20, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a> </td> <td>February 25, 2021 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isotope+Development+%26+Production+for+Research+and+Applications+%28IDPRA%29&rft.date=2010-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.osti.gov%2Fnp%2FResearch%2Fidpra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SciMag_1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SciMag_1_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCho2020" class="citation news cs1">Cho, Adrian (December 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/us-physicists-rally-around-ambitious-plan-build-fusion-power-plant">"U.S. physicists rally around ambitious plan to build fusion power plant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220604064931/https://www.science.org/content/article/us-physicists-rally-around-ambitious-plan-build-fusion-power-plant">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=U.S.+physicists+rally+around+ambitious+plan+to+build+fusion+power+plant&rft.date=2020-12-08&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fus-physicists-rally-around-ambitious-plan-build-fusion-power-plant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Energy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCumming2009" class="citation web cs1">Cumming, Alfred (February 9, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328190935/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL31988.pdf">"Polygraph Use by the Department of Energy: Issues for Congress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL31988.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 28, 2014 – via <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.atitle=Polygraph+Use+by+the+Department+of+Energy%3A+Issues+for+Congress&rft.date=2009-02-09&rft.aulast=Cumming&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fintel%2FRL31988.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Department+of+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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Forrestal Building</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turk" title="David Turk">David Turk</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Energy">Deputy Secretary of Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Energy">Deputy Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Intelligence_and_Counterintelligence" title="Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence">Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence</a></li> <li><a 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Science_and_Innovation" title="Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation">Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information" title="Office of Scientific and Technical Information">OSTI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Electricity" title="Office of Electricity">Office of Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Fossil_Energy" title="Assistant Secretary of Energy for Fossil Energy">Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Nuclear_Energy" title="Office of Nuclear Energy">Office of Nuclear Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Energy_for_Nuclear_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy">Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Nuclear_Energy" title="Office of Nuclear Energy">Office of Nuclear Energy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Power_Marketing_Administration" title="Power Marketing Administration">Power Marketing Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_Power_Administration" title="Bonneville Power Administration">Bonneville Power Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Power_Administration" title="Southeastern Power Administration">Southeastern Power Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Power_Administration" title="Southwestern Power Administration">Southwestern Power Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Area_Power_Administration" title="Western Area Power Administration">Western Area Power Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">National Laboratory System</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ames_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Ames Laboratory">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Laboratory" title="New Brunswick Laboratory">NBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Nanoscale_Materials" title="Center for Nanoscale Materials">CNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Photon_Source" title="Advanced Photon Source">APS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonne_Tandem_Linear_Accelerator_System" title="Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System">ATLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_Microscopy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron Microscopy Center">EMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Berkeley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Light_Source" title="Advanced Light Source">ALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Foundry" title="Molecular Foundry">MF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Electron_Microscopy" title="National Center for Electron Microscopy">NCEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Research_Scientific_Computing_Center" title="National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center">NERSCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Sciences_Network" title="Energy Sciences Network">ESN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Genome_Institute" title="Joint Genome Institute">JGI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternating_Gradient_Synchrotron" title="Alternating Gradient Synchrotron">AGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Functional_Nanomaterials" title="Center for Functional Nanomaterials">CFN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synchrotron_Light_Source" title="National Synchrotron Light Source">NSLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II" title="National Synchrotron Light Source II">NSLS II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativistic_Heavy_Ion_Collider" title="Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider">RHIC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermilab" title="Fermilab">Fermilab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tevatron" title="Tevatron">TeV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Idaho National Laboratory">Idaho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiological_and_Environmental_Sciences_Laboratory" title="Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory">RESL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_National_Accelerator_Facility" title="Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility">JLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Livermore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Atmospheric_Release_Advisory_Center" title="National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center">NARAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility" title="National Ignition Facility">NIF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual-Axis_Radiographic_Hydrodynamic_Test_Facility" title="Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility">DARHTF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Technology_Laboratory" title="National Energy Technology Laboratory">NETL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Research_Center" title="Albany Research Center">Albany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">NREL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spallation_Neutron_Source" title="Spallation Neutron Source">SNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Nanophase_Materials_Sciences" title="Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences">CNMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Flux_Isotope_Reactor" title="High Flux Isotope Reactor">HFIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Computational_Sciences" title="National Center for Computational Sciences">NCCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_National_Laboratory" title="Pacific Northwest National Laboratory">Pacific Northwest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Molecular_Sciences_Laboratory" title="Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory">EMSL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Plasma_Physics_Laboratory" title="Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory">PPPL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Spherical_Torus_Experiment" title="National Spherical Torus Experiment">NSTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak_Fusion_Test_Reactor" title="Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor">TFTR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_River_National_Laboratory" title="Savannah River National Laboratory">SRNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Z_Pulsed_Power_Facility" title="Z Pulsed Power Facility">Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLAC_National_Accelerator_Laboratory" title="SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory">SLAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Synchrotron_Radiation_Lightsource" title="Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource">SSRL</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy Department Facilities and Reservations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernald_Feed_Materials_Production_Center" title="Fernald Feed Materials Production Center">Fernald NLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanford_Site" title="Hanford Site">Hanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-25" title="K-25">K-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Plant">Kansas City Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Test_Site" title="Nevada Test Site">Nevada Test Site</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pahute_Mesa#Area_19" title="Pahute Mesa">Area 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahute_Mesa#Area_20" title="Pahute Mesa">Area 20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Home_Heating_Oil_Reserve" title="Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve">NHHOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantex_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantex Plant">Pantex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Flats_Plant" title="Rocky Flats Plant">Rocky Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Susana_Field_Laboratory" title="Santa Susana Field Laboratory">SSFL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Technology_Engineering_Center" title="Energy Technology Engineering Center">ETEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_Reactor_Experiment" title="Sodium Reactor Experiment">SRE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_River_Site" title="Savannah River Site">SRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Petroleum_Reserve_(United_States)" title="Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)">SPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_Isolation_Pilot_Plant" title="Waste Isolation Pilot Plant">WIPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-12_National_Security_Complex" title="Y-12 National Security Complex">Y-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository" title="Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository">Yucca Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related Independent Agency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Energy in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Energy in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Energy in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_energy_independence" title="United States energy independence">Energy independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_energy_law" title="United States energy law">Energy law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_energy_law" title="New York energy law">New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_1992" title="Energy Policy Act of 1992">Energy Policy Act (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_2005" title="Energy Policy Act of 2005">Energy Policy Act (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_subsidy#Allocation_of_subsidies_in_the_United_States" title="Energy subsidy">Energy subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Act" title="Federal Power Act">Federal Power Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels_lobby" title="Fossil fuels lobby">Fossil fuels lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydropower_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Hydropower policy of the United States">Hydropower policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear energy policy of the United States">Nuclear energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_wind_energy_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States wind energy policy">Wind energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_offshore_drilling_debate" title="United States offshore drilling debate">Offshore drilling debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Utility_Regulatory_Policies_Act" title="Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act">Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_portfolio_standard" title="Renewable portfolio standard">Renewable portfolio standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_grid_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Smart grid policy of the United States">Smart grid policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy by state<br /> or territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Arkansas" title="Energy in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_California" title="Energy in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Guam" title="Energy in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Hawaii" title="Energy in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iowa" title="Energy in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ohio" title="Energy in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Oregon" title="Energy in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Texas" title="Energy in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Vermont" title="Energy in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Material</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_the_United_States" title="Biofuel in the United States">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_power_in_the_United_States" title="Coal power in the United States">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Geothermal energy in the United States">Geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power_in_the_United_States" title="Hydroelectric power in the United States">Hydroelectric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States" title="Nuclear power in the United States">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_in_the_United_States" title="Petroleum in the United States">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">Renewable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_States" title="Solar power in the United States">Solar by<br /> state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Alabama" title="Solar power in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Alaska" title="Solar power in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Arizona" title="Solar power in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Arkansas" title="Solar power in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_California" title="Solar power in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Colorado" title="Solar power in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Connecticut" title="Solar power in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Delaware" title="Solar power in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Florida" title="Solar power in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Solar power in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Hawaii" title="Solar power in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Idaho" title="Solar power in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Illinois" title="Solar power in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Indiana" title="Solar power in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Iowa" title="Solar power in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Kansas" title="Solar power in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Kentucky" title="Solar power in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Louisiana" title="Solar power in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Maine" title="Solar power in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Maryland" title="Solar power in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Massachusetts" title="Solar power in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Michigan" title="Solar power in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Minnesota" title="Solar power in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Mississippi" title="Solar power in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Missouri" title="Solar power in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Montana" title="Solar power in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Nebraska" title="Solar power in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Nevada" title="Solar power in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Hampshire" title="Solar power in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Jersey" title="Solar power in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Mexico" title="Solar power in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_York" title="Solar power in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_North_Carolina" title="Solar power in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_North_Dakota" title="Solar power in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Ohio" title="Solar power in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Oklahoma" title="Solar power in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Oregon" title="Solar power in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pennsylvania" title="Solar power in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Rhode_Island" title="Solar power in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_South_Carolina" title="Solar power in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_South_Dakota" title="Solar power in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Tennessee" title="Solar power in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Texas" title="Solar power in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Utah" title="Solar power in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Vermont" title="Solar power in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Virginia" title="Solar power in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Washington_(state)" title="Solar power in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Solar power in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_West_Virginia" title="Solar power in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Wisconsin" title="Solar power in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Wyoming" title="Solar power in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States" title="Wind power in the United States">Wind by<br /> state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Alaska" title="Wind power in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Arizona" title="Wind power in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Arkansas" title="Wind power in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_California" title="Wind power in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Colorado" title="Wind power in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Connecticut" title="Wind power in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Delaware" title="Wind power in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Hawaii" title="Wind power in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Idaho" title="Wind power in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Illinois" title="Wind power in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Indiana" title="Wind power in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Iowa" title="Wind power in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Kansas" title="Wind power in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Kentucky" title="Wind power in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Maine" title="Wind power in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Maryland" title="Wind power in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Massachusetts" title="Wind power in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Michigan" title="Wind power in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Minnesota" title="Wind power in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Missouri" title="Wind power in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Montana" title="Wind power in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Nebraska" title="Wind power in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Nevada" title="Wind power in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Hampshire" title="Wind power in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Jersey" title="Wind power in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Mexico" title="Wind power in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_York" title="Wind power in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_North_Carolina" title="Wind power in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_North_Dakota" title="Wind power in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Ohio" title="Wind power in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Oklahoma" title="Wind power in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Oregon" title="Wind power in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pennsylvania" title="Wind power in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Rhode_Island" title="Wind power in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_South_Dakota" title="Wind power in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Tennessee" title="Wind power in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Texas" title="Wind power in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Utah" title="Wind power in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Vermont" title="Wind power in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Virginia" title="Wind power in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Washington" title="Wind power in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_West_Virginia" title="Wind power in West Virginia"> West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Wisconsin" title="Wind power in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Wyoming" title="Wind power in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmental issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_average_fuel_economy" title="Corporate average fuel economy">CAFE standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions" title="List of U.S. states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions">State and territory CO<sub>2</sub> emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_vehicle_emission_standards" title="United States vehicle emission standards">Vehicle emission standards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Air_Resources_Board" title="California Air Resources Board">CARB</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DOE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">EERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">EIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">NREL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Electricity" title="Office of Electricity">OE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">FERC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">NRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Marketing_Administration" title="Power Marketing Administration">PMAs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_Power_Administration" title="Bonneville Power Administration">BPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Power_Administration" title="Southeastern Power Administration">SEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Power_Administration" title="Southwestern Power Administration">SWPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Area_Power_Administration" title="Western Area Power Administration">WAPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Council_on_Renewable_Energy" title="American Council on Renewable Energy">ACORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Petroleum_Institute" title="American Petroleum Institute">API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Power_Association" title="American Public Power Association">APPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Solar_Energy_Society" title="American Solar Energy Society">ASES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Wind_Energy_Association" title="American Wind Energy Association">AWEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass_Thermal_Energy_Council" title="Biomass Thermal Energy Council">BTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Biosciences_Institute" title="Energy Biosciences Institute">EBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Electric_Institute" title="Edison Electric Institute">EEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_and_Energy_Study_Institute" title="Environmental and Energy Study Institute">EESI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Power_Research_Institute" title="Electric Power Research Institute">EPRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Energy_Institute" title="Nuclear Energy Institute">NEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Electric_Cooperative_Association" title="National Rural Electric Cooperative Association">NRECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_Fuels_Institute" title="Pellet Fuels Institute">PFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_In_America" title="Plug In America">PIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMI_(energy_organization)" title="RMI (energy organization)">RMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_executive_departments_of_the_United_States_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="Template:United States federal 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Education</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" title="United States Department of Commerce and Labor">Commerce and Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare">Health, Education, and Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_utilities_commissions_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_utilities_commissions" title="Template:Public utilities commissions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_utilities_commissions" title="Template talk:Public utilities commissions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_utilities_commissions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public utilities commissions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_utilities_commissions_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commissions</a> in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Federal <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DOE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">FERC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Service_Commission" title="Alabama Public Service Commission">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulatory_Commission_of_Alaska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulatory Commission of Alaska (page does not exist)">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Corporation_Commission" title="Arizona Corporation Commission">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Public_Service_Commission" title="Arkansas Public Service Commission">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="California Public Utilities Commission">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Colorado Public Utilities Commission">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Department_of_Energy_and_Environmental_Protection" title="Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Public_Service_Commission" title="Delaware Public Service Commission">Delaware</a></li> <li>District of Columbia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Public_Service_Commission" title="District of Columbia Public Service Commission">PUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Commission" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Commission">WMATC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Public_Service_Commission" title="Florida Public Service Commission">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Service_Commission" title="Georgia Public Service Commission">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Hawaii Public Utilities Commission">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Idaho Public Utilities Commission">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Commerce_Commission" title="Illinois Commerce Commission">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Utility_Regulatory_Commission" title="Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Utilities_Board" title="Iowa Utilities Board">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Corporation_Commission" title="Kansas Corporation Commission">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Public_Service_Commission" title="Kentucky Public Service Commission">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Public_Service_Commission" title="Louisiana Public Service Commission">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Maine Public Utilities Commission">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Public_Service_Commission" title="Maryland Public Service Commission">Maryland</a></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Public_Utilities" title="Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities">DPU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Department_of_Telecommunications_and_Cable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Department of Telecommunications and Cable (page does not exist)">DTC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Public_Service_Commission" title="Michigan Public Service Commission">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Minnesota Public Utilities Commission">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Service_Commission" title="Mississippi Public Service Commission">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Public_Service_Commission" title="Missouri Public Service Commission">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Public_Service_Commission" title="Montana Public Service Commission">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Public_Service_Commission" title="Nebraska Public Service Commission">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Nevada Public Utilities Commission">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Board_of_Public_Utilities" title="New Jersey Board of Public Utilities">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Public_Regulation_Commission" title="New Mexico Public Regulation Commission">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Service_Commission" title="New York Public Service Commission">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Utilities_Commission" title="North Carolina Utilities Commission">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Public_Service_Commission" title="North Dakota Public Service Commission">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Utilities_Commission_of_Ohio" title="Public Utilities Commission of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Corporation_Commission" title="Oklahoma Corporation Commission">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Utility_Commission" title="Oregon Public Utility Commission">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Public_Utility_Commission" title="Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhode_Island_Public_Utilities_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission (page does not exist)">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Public_Service_Commission" title="South Carolina Public Service Commission">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="South Dakota Public Utilities Commission">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Regulatory_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Regulatory Authority">Tennessee</a></li> <li>Texas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Utility_Commission_of_Texas" title="Public Utility Commission of Texas">PUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" title="Railroad Commission of Texas">RRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Commission_of_Utah" title="Public Service Commission of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public_Service_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont Public Service Board">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Corporation_Commission_(Virginia)" title="State Corporation Commission (Virginia)">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Utilities_and_Transportation_Commission" title="Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Service_Commission" title="West Virginia Public Service Commission">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Commission_of_Wisconsin" title="Public Service Commission of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Public_Service_Commission" title="Wyoming Public Service Commission">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=$PUC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="$PUC (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=$PUC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="$PUC (page does not exist)">Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=$PUC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="$PUC (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Telecommunications_Regulatory_Board" title="Puerto Rico Telecommunications Regulatory Board">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=$PUC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="$PUC (page does not exist)">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jimmy_Carter" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jimmy_Carter" title="Template:Jimmy Carter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jimmy_Carter" title="Template talk:Jimmy Carter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jimmy_Carter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jimmy Carter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jimmy_Carter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">39th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1977–1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">76th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> (1971–1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">Georgia State Senator</a> (1963–1967)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidential transition of Jimmy Carter">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Inauguration of Jimmy Carter">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1977)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1977)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1978)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1978)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1979)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1979)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1980%E2%80%931981)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1980–1981)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1980%E2%80%931981)#January_1981" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1980–1981)">January 1981</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Political positions of Jimmy Carter">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Jimmy Carter judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of executive actions by Jimmy Carter">Executive Actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12036" title="Executive Order 12036">Executive Order 12036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12086" title="Executive Order 12086">Executive Order 12086</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12148" title="Executive Order 12148">Executive Order 12148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12170" title="Executive Order 12170">Executive Order 12170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12172" title="Executive Order 12172">Executive Order 12172</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_bonds" title="Carter bonds">Carter bonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_rabbit_incident" title="Jimmy Carter rabbit incident">Rabbit incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties" title="Torrijos–Carter Treaties">Torrijos–Carter Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw" title="Operation Eagle Claw">Operation Eagle Claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Caper" title="Canadian Caper">Canadian Caper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter%27s_engagement_with_Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini">Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_on_the_Establishment_of_Diplomatic_Relations" title="Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations">Diplomatic relations with China</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Goldwater_v._Carter" title="Goldwater v. Carter">Goldwater v. Carter</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Reform_Act_of_1978" title="Civil Service Reform Act of 1978">Civil Service Reform Act of 1978</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)" title="Senior Executive Service (United States)">Senior Executive Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of international presidential trips made by Jimmy Carter">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980 Summer Olympics boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Jimmy Carter administration">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Reinvestment_Act" title="Community Reinvestment Act">Community Reinvestment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act" title="Airline Deregulation Act">Airline Deregulation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depository_Institutions_Deregulation_and_Monetary_Control_Act" title="Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act">Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Reform_Act_of_1977" title="Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977">Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Fund_Transfer_Act" title="Electronic Fund Transfer Act">Electronic Fund Transfer Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Debt_Collection_Practices_Act" title="Fair Debt Collection Practices Act">Fair Debt Collection Practices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Institutions_Regulatory_and_Interest_Rate_Control_Act_of_1978" title="Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978">Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Financial_Privacy_Act" title="Right to Financial Privacy Act">Right to Financial Privacy Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey%E2%80%93Hawkins_Full_Employment_Act" title="Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act">Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Mining_Control_and_Reclamation_Act_of_1977" title="Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977">Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_at_the_White_House" title="Solar power at the White House">Solar power at the White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident">Three Mile Island accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan">Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/100px-Carter_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/150px-Carter_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/200px-Carter_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1490" /></span></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Equivalent_of_War_speech" title="Moral Equivalent of War speech">Moral Equivalent of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Stability_(speech)" title="Island of Stability (speech)">Island of Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Crisis_of_Confidence_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="A Crisis of Confidence speech">A Crisis of Confidence</a></li> <li>State of the Union Addresses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1978 State of the Union Address">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1979 State of the Union Address">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1980 State of the Union Address">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1981 State of the Union Address">1981</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Electoral history of Jimmy Carter">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Georgia gubernatorial elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1966_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Georgia gubernatorial election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Georgia gubernatorial election">1970</a></li></ul></li> <li>Democratic Party presidential primaries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Democratic National Conventions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1976 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter">Post-presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum" title="Jimmy Carter Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_for_Humanity" title="Habitat for Humanity">Habitat for Humanity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_%26_Rosalynn_Carter_Work_Project" title="Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project">Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elders_(organization)" title="The Elders (organization)">The Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park">Jimmy Carter National Historical Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_and_Rosalynn_Carter_House" title="Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House">Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi_Agreement,_1999" title="Nairobi Agreement, 1999">Nairobi Agreement, 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_Appeal" title="One America Appeal">One America Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_of_Government_Commission" title="Continuity of Government Commission">Continuity of Government Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Bibliography of Jimmy Carter">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Everything_to_Gain:_Making_the_Most_of_the_Rest_of_Your_Life" title="Everything to Gain: Making the Most of the Rest of Your Life">Everything to Gain</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hornet%27s_Nest_(novel)" title="The Hornet's Nest (novel)">The Hornet's Nest</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Endangered_Values" title="Our Endangered Values">Our Endangered Values</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid</a></i> (2006) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commentary_on_Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Commentary on Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">reaction and commentary</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_White_House" title="Beyond the White House">Beyond the White House</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Can_Have_Peace_in_the_Holy_Land" title="We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land">We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_House_Diary" title="White House Diary">White House Diary</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Call_to_Action:_Women,_Religion,_Violence,_and_Power" title="A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power">A Call to Action</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Full_Life" title="A Full Life">A Full Life</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of awards and honors received by Jimmy Carter">Awards<br />and honors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="Silver Buffalo Award">Silver Buffalo Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Liberty_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Liberty Medal">Philadelphia Liberty Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Medal" title="Hoover Medal">Hoover Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Award" title="Christopher Award">Christopher Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter%E2%80%93Menil_Human_Rights_Prize" title="Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize">Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album">Grammy Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Peanut_Statue" title="Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue">Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jimmy_Carter" title="USS Jimmy Carter">USS <i>Jimmy Carter</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park">Jimmy Carter National Historical Park</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Statue of Jimmy Carter">Georgia State Capitol statue</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Residences <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_G._Carter_Nursing_Center" title="Lillian G. Carter Nursing Center">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_and_Rosalynn_Carter_House" title="Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House">Home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Prince_(nanny)" title="Mary Prince (nanny)">Mary Prince</a> (nanny)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_UFO_incident" title="Jimmy Carter UFO incident">UFO incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_(film)" title="Jimmy Carter (film)">Jimmy Carter</a></i> (2002 television documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_from_Plains" title="Man from Plains">Man from Plains</a></i> (2007 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Carter_(politician)" title="Jack Carter (politician)">Jack Carter</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Carter" title="Amy Carter">Amy Carter</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Carter_(politician)" title="Jason Carter (politician)">Jason Carter</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Carter_Sr." title="James Earl Carter Sr.">James Earl Carter Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gordy_Carter" title="Lillian Gordy Carter">Lillian Gordy Carter</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Carter_Spann" title="Gloria Carter Spann">Gloria Carter Spann</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Carter_Stapleton" title="Ruth Carter Stapleton">Ruth Carter Stapleton</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Carter" title="Billy Carter">Billy Carter</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dolvin" title="Emily Dolvin">Emily Dolvin</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carter" title="Hugh Carter">Hugh Carter</a> (cousin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">← Gerald Ford</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jimmy_Carter" title="Category:Jimmy Carter">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Deep_geological_repositories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Deep_geological_repositories" title="Template:Deep geological repositories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Deep_geological_repositories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Deep geological repositories (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Deep_geological_repositories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Deep geological repositories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Deep_geological_repositories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Deep_geological_repository" title="Deep geological repository">Deep geological repositories</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laboratories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/26px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/52px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Underground_Research_Laboratory" title="Underground Research Laboratory">Underground Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/39px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Meuse/Haute_Marne_Underground_Research_Laboratory" title="Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory">Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/21px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/42px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%84sp%C3%B6_Hard_Rock_Laboratory" title="Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory">Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory</a></li></ul> </ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disposal facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/26px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/52px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Deep_Geologic_Repository" title="Deep Geologic Repository">Deep Geologic Repository</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/43px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Onkalo_spent_nuclear_fuel_repository" title="Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository">Onkalo</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/39px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cig%C3%A9o" title="Cigéo">Cigéo</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/34px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Asse_II_mine" title="Asse II mine">Asse II mine</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/34px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gorleben_salt_dome" title="Gorleben salt dome">Gorleben salt dome</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/34px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Konrad_mine" title="Konrad mine">Konrad mine</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/34px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Morsleben_radioactive_waste_repository" title="Morsleben radioactive waste repository">Morsleben</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/39px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wolseong_Low_and_Intermediate_Level_Radioactive_Waste_Disposal_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolseong Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center">Wolseong</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Waste_Isolation_Pilot_Plant" title="Waste Isolation Pilot Plant">WIPP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository" title="Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository">Yucca Mountain</a></li></ul> </ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/26px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/52px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Waste_Management_Organization_(Canada)" title="Nuclear Waste Management Organization (Canada)">NWMO</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/43px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Posiva" title="Posiva">Posiva</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/39px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Agence_nationale_pour_la_gestion_des_d%C3%A9chets_radioactifs" title="Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs">Andra</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/26px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/52px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nirex" title="Nirex">Nirex</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/34px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Gesellschaft_zum_Bau_und_Betrieb_von_Endlagern_f%C3%BCr_Abfallstoffe" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft zum Bau und Betrieb von Endlagern für Abfallstoffe">DBE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/34px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bundesgesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Endlagerung" title="Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung">BGE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/21px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/42px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Nuclear_Fuel_and_Waste_Management_Company" title="Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company">SKB</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">USDOE</a></li></ul> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217810#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217810#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217810#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404786514">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000412615133">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131327464">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1852518/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116209-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78034868">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863634m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863634m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00276282">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35793827">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Spojené státy americké. Department of Energy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003203475&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Estados Unidos. Department of Energy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/269720">Portugal</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Estados Unidos. Department of Energie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/452750">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90108674">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB202010643">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/dbqtxgxx1lhdq7v">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810587720405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269266005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058507668206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00669117?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500257551">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1090519">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026376903">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10456826">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wb60pk">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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