CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Railroad Commission of Texas - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"99ab84ae-e60b-4e71-97f7-19862254e044","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Railroad_Commission_of_Texas","wgTitle":"Railroad Commission of Texas","wgCurRevisionId":1246767703,"wgRevisionId":1246767703,"wgArticleId":2250414,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from April 2019","Articles with permanently dead external links","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Coordinates not on Wikidata","Railroad Commission of Texas","State agencies of Texas","Petroleum in Texas", "History of the petroleum industry in the United States","Oil and gas law","Government agencies established in 1891","1891 establishments in Texas","Petroleum politics","United States railroad regulation","Rail transportation in Texas"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Railroad_Commission_of_Texas","wgRelevantArticleId":2250414,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000, "wgCoordinates":{"lat":30.279064,"lon":-97.73827},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1647484","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles": "ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg/1200px-New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="757"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg/800px-New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="505"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg/640px-New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="404"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Railroad Commission of Texas - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Railroad_Commission_of_Texas rootpage-Railroad_Commission_of_Texas skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Railroad+Commission+of+Texas" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Railroad+Commission+of+Texas" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Railroad+Commission+of+Texas" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Railroad+Commission+of+Texas" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_First_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_First_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Members of the First Railroad Commission of Texas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_First_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Segregation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Segregation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Segregation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Segregation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_to_oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_to_oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Expansion to oil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_to_oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court_cases_involving_the_commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_cases_involving_the_commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Court cases involving the commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_cases_involving_the_commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commissioners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commissioners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Commissioners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commissioners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offices_and_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offices_and_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Offices and districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offices_and_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Railroad Commission of Texas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="هيئة سكة حديد تكساس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيئة سكة حديد تكساس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" title="Railroad Commission of Texas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Railroad Commission of Texas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comisi%C3%B3n_de_Ferrocarriles_de_Texas" title="Comisión de Ferrocarriles de Texas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comisión de Ferrocarriles de Texas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8D%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B2%A0%EB%8F%84%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C" title="텍사스 철도위원회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="텍사스 철도위원회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" title="Railroad Commission of Texas – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Railroad Commission of Texas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" title="Railroad Commission of Texas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Railroad Commission of Texas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1647484#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&oldid=1246767703" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&id=1246767703&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRailroad_Commission_of_Texas"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRailroad_Commission_of_Texas"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1647484" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&params=30.279064_N_97.73827_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°16′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">97°44′18″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.279064°N 97.738270°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.279064; -97.738270</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State energy regulatory agency in Texas, USA</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Railroad Commission of Texas</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg/200px-New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg/300px-New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg/400px-New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="323" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Railroad Commission of Texas</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1891</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">835</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Christian" title="Wayne Christian">Wayne Christian</a>, Chairman</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Christi_Craddick" title="Christi Craddick">Christi Craddick</a>, Commissioner</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright_(commissioner)" title="Jim Wright (commissioner)">Jim Wright</a>, Commissioner</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/">www<wbr />.rrc<wbr />.texas<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Railroad Commission of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></b> (<b>RRC</b>; also sometimes called the <b>Texas Railroad Commission</b>, <b>TRC</b>) is the state agency that regulates the <a href="/wiki/Oil_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil industry">oil and gas industry</a>, gas utilities, pipeline safety, safety in the <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">liquefied petroleum gas</a> industry, and <a href="/wiki/Surface_coal_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface coal mine">surface coal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining" title="Uranium mining">uranium mining</a>. Despite its name, it ceased regulating railroads in 2005, when the last of the rail functions were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Transportation" title="Texas Department of Transportation">Texas Department of Transportation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rrc-about-name_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rrc-about-name-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Established by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Legislature" title="Texas Legislature">Texas Legislature</a> in 1891, it is the state's oldest regulatory agency, and began as part of the <a href="/wiki/Efficiency_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Efficiency Movement">Efficiency Movement</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a>. From the 1930s to the 1960s, it largely set world oil prices, but was displaced by OPEC (<a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries">Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries</a>) after 1973. In 1984, the federal government took over transportation regulation for railroads, trucking, and buses, but the Railroad Commission kept its name. With an annual budget of $79 million, it now focuses entirely on oil, gas, mining, <a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">propane</a>, and pipelines, setting allocations for production each month.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rrc-about-history_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rrc-about-history-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three-member commission was initially appointed by the governor, but an amendment to the state's constitution in 1894 established the commissioners as elected officials who serve overlapping six-year terms, like the sequence in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a>, elected statewide. No specific seat is designated as chairman; the commissioners choose the chairman from among themselves. Normally, the commissioner who faces reelection is the chairman for the preceding two years. The current commissioners are: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright_(commissioner)" title="Jim Wright (commissioner)">Jim Wright</a> since January 4, 2021; <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Christian" title="Wayne Christian">Wayne Christian</a> since January 9, 2017; and <a href="/wiki/Christi_Craddick" title="Christi Craddick">Christi Craddick</a> since December 17, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Attempts to establish a railroad commission in Texas began in 1876. After five legislative failures, an amendment to the state constitution that provided for a railroad commission was submitted to voters in 1890. The amendment's ratification and the 1890 election of Governor <a href="/wiki/James_S._Hogg" class="mw-redirect" title="James S. Hogg">James S. Hogg</a>, a Democrat, permitted the legislature in 1891 to pass legislation that constitutionally created the Railroad Commission of Texas,<sup id="cite_ref-1st_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1st-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and gave it jurisdiction over the operations of railroads, terminals, <a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">wharves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Express_company" title="Express company">express companies</a>. It could set rates, issue rules on how to classify freight, require adequate railroad reports, and prohibit and punish discrimination and extortion by corporations. George Clark, running as an independent “<a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Democrats">Jeffersonian Democratic</a>” candidate for governor in 1892, denounced the TRC as being “Wrong in principle, undemocratic, and unrepublican.” Clark opined that the TRC and similar “Commissions do no good. They do harm. Their only function is to harass. I regard it as essentially foolish and essentially vicious.”<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clark lost the 1892 election to Hogg, but federal judge <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Phelps_McCormick" title="Andrew Phelps McCormick">Andrew Phelps McCormick</a> granted an injunction preventing the TRC from enforcing compliance and seeking to prosecute or recover penalties from railroad companies the same year;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the decision was overruled by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> in 1894. The governor appointed the first members; the first elections to the commission were held in 1893, with three commissioners serving six-year, overlapping terms. The TRC did not have jurisdiction over interstate rates, but Texas was so large that the in-state traffic it regulated was of dominant importance. </p><p>The agency did not have the legal authority to set rates, nor did it have the resources to spend much of its time in court battles. The carrot was far more important than the stick. Freight rates continued to decline dramatically. In 1891, a typical rate was 1.403 cents per ton mile. By 1907, the rate was 1.039 cents—a decline of 25%. However, the railroads did not have rates high enough for them to upgrade their equipment and lower costs in the face of competition from pipelines, cars, and trucks, and the Texas railway system began a slow decline.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members_of_the_First_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas">Members of the First Railroad Commission of Texas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Members of the First Railroad Commission of Texas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_H._Reagan" title="John H. Reagan">John H. Reagan</a> (1818–1903), the first chairman of the TRC (1891–1903), had been the most outspoken advocate in Congress of bills to regulate railroads in the 1880s. He feared the corruption caused by railroad monopolies, and considered their control a moral challenge. As chairman of the TRC, Reagan changed his views when he became acquainted with the realities of the complex forces affecting railroad management. Reagan turned to the <a href="/wiki/Efficiency_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Efficiency Movement">Efficiency Movement</a> for ideas, and established a pattern of regulatory practice that the TRC used for decades. He believed that the agency should pursue two main goals: to protect consumers from unfair railway practices and excessive rates, and to support the state's overall economic growth. To find the optimal rates that met these goals, he focused the TRC on the collection of data, direct negotiation with railway executives, and compromises with the parties involved. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_L._Foster" title="Lafayette L. Foster">Lafayette L. Foster</a> (1851–1901) was a commissioner of the first TRC (1891–1895) appointed by Governor Hogg. He resigned in 1895, and became the vice president and general manager of the Velasco Terminal Railway.<sup id="cite_ref-LLF_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LLF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded as commissioner by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_Alexander_Stedman_(Texas_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan Alexander Stedman (Texas politician) (page does not exist)">Nathan Alexander Stedman</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_P._McLean" title="William P. McLean">William P. McLean</a> (1836–1925) was a commissioner of the first TRC (1891–1894) appointed by Governor Hogg. He was a judge before his appointment to the commission.<sup id="cite_ref-1st_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1st-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was re-elected in 1893, but resigned his position in 1894 to practice law in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Worth">Fort Worth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WPM_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPM-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded as commissioner by <a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Jefferson_Storey" title="Leonidas Jefferson Storey">Leonidas Jefferson Storey</a>, who later became chairman of the TRC in 1903, following Reagan's death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Segregation">Segregation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Segregation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the 1890s through the 1960s, the Texas Railroad Commission found it difficult to fully enforce <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_segregation_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Crow segregation legislation">Jim Crow segregation legislation</a>. Because of the expense involved, Texas railroads often allowed wealthier blacks to mix with whites, rather than provide separate cars, dining facilities, and even depots. In addition, West Texas authorities often refused to enforce Jim Crow laws because few <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> resided there. In the 1940s, the railroad commission's enforcement of segregation laws began collapsing further, in part because of the great number of African American soldiers that were transported during World War II. The trains were integrated in the early 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expansion_to_oil">Expansion to oil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Expansion to oil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The agency's reach expanded as it took over responsibility for regulating oil pipelines (in 1917), oil and gas production (1919), natural gas delivery systems (1920), bus lines (1927), and trucking (1929). It grew from 12 employees in 1916 to 69 in 1930 and 566 in 1939. It does not have jurisdiction over investor-owned electric utility companies; that falls under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Utility_Commission_of_Texas" title="Public Utility Commission of Texas">Public Utility Commission of Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Childs,_1990_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Childs,_1990-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A crisis for the <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">petroleum industry</a> was created by the <a href="/wiki/East_Texas_oil_field" class="mw-redirect" title="East Texas oil field">East Texas oil boom of the 1930s</a>, as prices plunged to 25¢ a barrel. The traditional TRC policy of negotiating compromises failed; the governor was forced to call in the state militia to enforce order. Texas oilmen decided they preferred state to federal regulation, and wanted the TRC to give out quotas so that every producer would get higher prices and profits. <a href="/wiki/Pure_Oil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Oil Company">Pure Oil Company</a> opposed the first statewide oil prorationing order, which was issued by the TRC in August 1930. The order, which was intended to conserve oil resources by limiting the number of barrels drilled per day, was seen by small producers, like Pure Oil, as a conspiracy between government and major companies to drive them out of business, and ultimately foster monopoly in the oil industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Childs,_1990_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Childs,_1990-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ernest_O._Thompson" title="Ernest O. Thompson">Ernest O. Thompson</a> (1892–1966), head of the TRC from 1932 to 1965, took charge of the agency, and indeed the oil industry, by appealing to an ideal of Texas's role in the global oil order—the civil religion of Texas oil. He cajoled, harangued, and browbeat recalcitrant producers into compliance with the TRC's prorationing orders. The <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> allowed the TRC to set national oil policy.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As late as the 1950s, the TRC controlled over 40% of United States’ crude production, and approximately half of estimated national proved reserves. It served as a model in the creation of <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gordon M. Griffin, chief engineer of the TRC during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, developed the formula for prorationing to keep production flowing for the military. </p><p>Because the TRC needed access to the Texas headquarters of the various oil companies, it became a long term tenant at the <a href="/wiki/Milam_Building" title="Milam Building">Milam Building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saporito_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saporito-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regulation was a practical rather than ideological affair. The TRC typically worked with the regulated industries to improve operations, share best practices, and address consumer complaints. Radical activities—like heated court battles or rate-setting to favor shippers, producers, or consumers—were the exception rather than the rule. </p><p>Within the oil and gas industry, it took into account production in other states, in effect bringing total available supply (including imports, which were small) within the principle of prorationing to market demand. Allowable oilfield production was calculated as follows: estimated market demand, minus uncontrolled additions to supply, gave the Texas total; this was then prorated among fields and wells in a manner calculated to preserve equity among producers, and to prevent any well from producing beyond its maximum efficient rate (MER). Scheduled allowables are expressed in numbers of calendar days of permitted production per month at MER.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the spring of 2013, new <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing">hydraulic fracturing</a> water recycling rules were adopted in the state of Texas by the Railroad Commission of Texas. The Water Recycling Rules are intended to encourage Texas hydraulic fracturing operators to conserve water used in the hydraulic fracturing process for oil and gas wells.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of March 2022, the commission members are <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Christian" title="Wayne Christian">Wayne Christian</a> (chairman), <a href="/wiki/Christi_Craddick" title="Christi Craddick">Christi Craddick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright_(commissioner)" title="Jim Wright (commissioner)">Jim Wright</a>. All three members are <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>. Christian was elected in 2016 as a commissioner, and was selected as chairman in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Craddick was elected in 2012, and reelected in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wright was elected in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Effective October 1, 2005, as a result of House Bill 2702,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the rail oversight functions of the Railroad Commission were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Transportation" title="Texas Department of Transportation">Texas Department of Transportation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional name of the commission was not changed despite the loss of its titular regulatory duties.<sup id="cite_ref-rrc-about-name_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rrc-about-name-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Court_cases_involving_the_commission">Court cases involving the commission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Court cases involving the commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Rate_Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Shreveport Rate Case">Shreveport Rate Case</a>, also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_E._%26_W._Ry._Co._v._United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston E. & W. Ry. Co. v. United States">Houston E. & W. Ry. Co. v. United States</a></i>, 234 U.S. 342 (1914) arose from the Railroad Commission's setting railroad freight rates unequally. Because of the low intrastate rates, shippers in eastern Texas tended to ship their wares to <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> (in Texas), rather than to <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>, although Shreveport was considerably closer to much of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Texas">eastern Texas</a>. The Railroad Commission's (and the railroad's) position was that only the state could regulate commerce within a state, and that the federal government had no power so to do. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> ruled that the federal government's ability to regulate <a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">interstate commerce</a> necessarily included the ability to regulate intrastate “operations in all matters having a close and substantial relation to interstate traffic,” and to ensure that “interstate commerce may be conducted upon fair terms.” </p><p>The Railroad Commission has also figured prominently in two major <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> cases on the <a href="/wiki/Abstention_doctrine" title="Abstention doctrine">doctrine of abstention</a>: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Commission_v._Pullman_Co." title="Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co.">Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co.</a></i>, a 1941 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was appropriate for federal courts to abstain from hearing a case to allow state courts to decide substantial constitutional issues that touch upon sensitive areas of state social policy, specifically the race of railroad employees.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burford_v._Sun_Oil_Co." title="Burford v. Sun Oil Co.">Burford v. Sun Oil Co.</a></i>, a 1943 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a federal court sitting in diversity jurisdiction may abstain from hearing the case where the state courts likely have greater expertise in a particularly complex and unclear area of state law which is of special significance to the state, where there is comprehensive state administrative/regulatory procedure, and where the federal issues cannot be decided without delving into state law.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commissioners">Commissioners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Commissioners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The commissioners are elected in statewide partisan elections for six-year terms, with one commission seat up for election every two years. The commission selects a chairperson from among their members every year. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Commissioner</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Assumed office</th> <th>Next election </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Christian" title="Wayne Christian">Wayne Christian</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican</td> <td>January 3, 2017<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2028 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christi_Craddick" title="Christi Craddick">Christi Craddick</a>, <i>Chairwoman</i></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican</td> <td>December 12, 2012</td> <td>2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright_(commissioner)" title="Jim Wright (commissioner)">Jim Wright</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican</td> <td>January 4, 2021</td> <td>2026 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offices_and_districts">Offices and districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Offices and districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TravisStateOfficeBuilding.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/TravisStateOfficeBuilding.JPG/220px-TravisStateOfficeBuilding.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/TravisStateOfficeBuilding.JPG/330px-TravisStateOfficeBuilding.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/TravisStateOfficeBuilding.JPG/440px-TravisStateOfficeBuilding.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The main offices of the Railroad Commission of Texas are located in the William B. Travis State Office Building.</figcaption></figure><p>The agency is headquartered in the William B. Travis State Office Building at 1701 North Congress Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the Texas Railroad Commission has twelve oil and gas district offices located throughout the state. The district offices facilitate communication between industry representatives and the Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Office</th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_geographical_regions_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of geographical regions in Texas">Region</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>District 1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Texas Hill Country</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></td> <td>Greater <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas_metropolitan_area" title="Victoria, Texas metropolitan area">Golden Crescent Region</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Texas" title="Southeast Texas">Southeast Texas</a> + <a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Refugio_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugio County">Refugio County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kilgore,_Texas" title="Kilgore, Texas">Kilgore</a></td> <td>west half of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kilgore,_Texas" title="Kilgore, Texas">Kilgore</a></td> <td>east half of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 7B</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></td> <td>West Central Texas </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 7C</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Concho_Valley" title="Concho Valley">Concho Valley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a> + <a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a> and surrounding counties </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 8A</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Plains" title="South Plains">South Plains</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a></td> <td>Northern <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex</a> and North </td></tr> <tr> <td>District 10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pampa,_Texas" title="Pampa, Texas">Pampa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Panhandle">Texas Panhandle</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/29px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/44px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/59px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_law_in_the_United_States" title="Oil and gas law in the United States">Oil and gas law in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">History of Texas</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Childs, William R. <i>The Texas Railroad Commission: Understanding Regulation in America to the Mid-Twentieth Century.</i> (2005). 323 pp. the standard history; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbs.edu/bhr/archives/bookreviews/80/afoshee.pdf">online review</a></li> <li>Childs, William R. "Origins of the Texas Railroad Commission's Power to Control Production of Petroleum: Regulatory Strategies in the 1920s." <i>Journal of Policy History</i> 1990 2(4): 353–387. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0898-0306">0898-0306</a></li> <li>De Chazeau, Melvin G., and Alfred E. Kahn. <i>Integration and Competition in the Petroleum Industry</i> (1959) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/18216286?title=Integration%20and%20Competition%20in%20the%20Petroleum%20Industry">online edition</a></li> <li>Green, George N. "Thompson, Ernest Othmer," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fth18"><i>The Handbook of Texas Online</i> (2008)</a></li> <li>Norvell, James R. "The Railroad Commission of Texas: its Origin and History." <i>Southwestern Historical Quarterly</i> 1965 68(4): 465–480. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0038-478X">0038-478X</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/shqonline/apager.php?vol=068&pag=479">online edition</a></li> <li>Prindle, David F. <i>Petroleum Politics and the Texas Railroad Commission.</i> (1981). 230 pp., focuses on relations with independent oilmen</li> <li>David F. Prindle, "Railroad Commission," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mdr01"><i>Handbook of Texas Online</i> (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_H._Procter" title="Ben H. Procter">Procter, Ben H.</a> <i>Not Without Honor: The Life of John H. Reagan</i> (1962).</li> <li>Procter, Ben H. <i>Reagan, John Henninger," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fre02"></a></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fre02">Handbook of Texas Online<i> (2008)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Marshall_William_Splawn" title="Walter Marshall William Splawn">Splawn, W. M. W.</a> "Valuation and Rate Regulation by the Railroad Commission of Texas," <i>Journal of Political Economy</i> Vol. 31, No. 5 (Oct., 1923), pp. 675–707 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1824579">in JSTOR</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rrc-about-name-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rrc-about-name_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rrc-about-name_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/about-us/railroads/"><i>Who regulates railroads in Texas? </i>...Don't let our name throw you off track.<i><span></span></i></a>, RRC, Railroad Commission of Texas, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-28</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+regulates+railroads+in+Texas%3F+...Don%27t+let+our+name+throw+you+off+track.&rft.pub=RRC%2C+Railroad+Commission+of+Texas&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrc.texas.gov%2Fabout-us%2Frailroads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prindle, David F. "Railroad Commission," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mdr01"><i>Handbook of Texas Online</i> (2008)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rrc-about-history-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rrc-about-history_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125071436/https://www.rrc.texas.gov/about-us/history/history-1866-1939/"><i>Railroad Commission: An Informal History Compiled for Its Centennial (April 1991)</i></a>, RRC, Railroad Commission of Texas, 1991, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/about-us/history/history-1866-1939/">the original</a> on November 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railroad+Commission%3A+An+Informal+History+Compiled+for+Its+Centennial+%28April+1991%29&rft.pub=RRC%2C+Railroad+Commission+of+Texas&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrc.texas.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-1866-1939%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/about-us/commissioners/commissioner-list/">"Railroad Commissioners Past through Present"</a>. <i>Texas Railroad Commission</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Railroad+Commission&rft.atitle=Railroad+Commissioners+Past+through+Present&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrc.texas.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fcommissioners%2Fcommissioner-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/about-us/commissioners/">"Commissioners"</a>. <i>Texas Railroad Commission</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Railroad+Commission&rft.atitle=Commissioners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrc.texas.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fcommissioners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1st-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1st_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1st_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rrc.texas.gov/about-us/rrc-history/">"History of the Railroad Commission of Texas"</a>. <i>Railroad Commission of Texas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Railroad+Commission+of+Texas&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Railroad+Commission+of+Texas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frrc.texas.gov%2Fabout-us%2Frrc-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/exhibits/railroad/early/page2.html">for quote</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotner1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cotner" title="Robert Cotner">Cotner, Robert</a> (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BaGDBAAAQBAJ"><i>James Stephen Hogg: A Biography</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. pp. 302–303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7560%2F737037">10.7560/737037</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0292763689" title="Special:BookSources/0292763689"><bdi>0292763689</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/58-59849">58-59849</a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+Stephen+Hogg%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Austin&rft.pages=302-303&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F58-59849&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7560%2F737037&rft.isbn=0292763689&rft.aulast=Cotner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBaGDBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nash, Gerald "The Reformer Reformed: John H. Reagan and Railroad Regulation." <i>Business History Review</i> 1955 29(2): 189–196. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0007-6805">0007-6805</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/3111386">in Jstor</a>; Ben H. Procter, "Reagan, John Henninger," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fre02"><i>Handbook of Texas Online</i> (2008)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LLF-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LLF_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanus" class="citation web cs1">Panus, Stephanie A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/foster-lafayette-lumpkin">"Foster, Lafayette Lumpkin (1851-1901)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Historical_Association" title="Texas State Historical Association">Texas State Historical Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foster%2C+Lafayette+Lumpkin+%281851-1901%29&rft.pub=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.aulast=Panus&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fentries%2Ffoster-lafayette-lumpkin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPM-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WPM_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper_Jr." class="citation web cs1">Harper Jr., Cecil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmc86">"McLean, William Pinckney"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Historical_Association" title="Texas State Historical Association">Texas State Historical Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=McLean%2C+William+Pinckney&rft.pub=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.aulast=Harper+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Ffmc86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osborn, William S. "Curtains for Jim Crow: Law, Race, and the Texas Railroads," <i><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Historical_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Historical Quarterly">Southwestern Historical Quarterly</a></i> 2002 105(3): 392–427. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0038-478X">0038-478X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Childs,_1990-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Childs,_1990_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Childs,_1990_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Childs, (1990)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/about/faqs/gasratesfaqs.php"><i>Who has jurisdiction over natural gas rates (Texas Natural Gas Rates Frequently Asked Questions)</i></a>, RRC, Railroad Commission of Texas<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-31</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+has+jurisdiction+over+natural+gas+rates+%28Texas+Natural+Gas+Rates+Frequently+Asked+Questions%29&rft.pub=RRC%2C+Railroad+Commission+of+Texas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrc.texas.gov%2Fabout%2Ffaqs%2Fgasratesfaqs.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, George N. "Thompson, Ernest Othmer," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fth18"><i>The Handbook of Texas Online</i> (2008)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Childs, (2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saporito-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saporito_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaporito2014" class="citation news cs1">Saporito, Susan (October 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/print-edition/2014/10/17/milam-building-stands-tall-on-skyline.html">"Milam Building stands tall on skyline"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Business_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio Business Journal">San Antonio Business Journal</a></i>. San Antonio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Antonio+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Milam+Building+stands+tall+on+skyline&rft.date=2014-10-17&rft.aulast=Saporito&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fsanantonio%2Fprint-edition%2F2014%2F10%2F17%2Fmilam-building-stands-tall-on-skyline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The "maximum efficient rate" is an engineering determination of the theoretical optimum rate of flow of crude oil from each well in a pool that will not endanger ultimate recovery from the pool by a too rapid release of underground pressures. MER depends on the character of the oil-bearing structure and the nature of the natural drive – whether water pressure, a gas cap, or gas in solution in the crude oil. Engineers look at indices like the pressure at the bottom of the well ("bottom-hole pressure") or the ratio of gas to oil in the crude produced. Childs, (2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YuQ6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA254"><i>Title 30 of the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America — Mineral Resources. Chapter II — Minerals Management Service, Dept. of the Interior. § 250.170 Definitions for production rates</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Federal_Register" title="Office of the Federal Register">Office of the Federal Register</a>, July 1, 1989, p. 254<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-31</span></span>, <q>Maximum Efficient Rate (MER) means the maximum sustainable daily oil or gas withdrawal rate from a reservoir which will permit economic development and depletion of that reservoir without detriment to ultimate recovery.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Title+30+of+the+Code+of+Federal+Regulations+of+the+United+States+of+America+%E2%80%94+Mineral+Resources.+Chapter+II+%E2%80%94+Minerals+Management+Service%2C+Dept.+of+the+Interior.+%C2%A7+250.170+Definitions+for+production+rates&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Federal+Register&rft.date=1989-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYuQ6AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeveridge_&_Diamond_PC2013" class="citation news cs1">Beveridge & Diamond PC (May 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natlawreview.com/article/new-hydraulic-fracturing-water-recycling-rules-published-texas-register">"New Hydraulic Fracturing Water Recycling Rules Published in Texas Register"</a>. <i>The National Law Review</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Law+Review&rft.atitle=New+Hydraulic+Fracturing+Water+Recycling+Rules+Published+in+Texas+Register&rft.date=2013-05-01&rft.au=Beveridge+%26+Diamond+PC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.natlawreview.com%2Farticle%2Fnew-hydraulic-fracturing-water-recycling-rules-published-texas-register&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/about-us/commissioners/">Texas RRC – Commissioners</a>" Railroad Commission of Texas. January 3, 2017. Retrieved on June 30, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/all-news/061819a/">[1]</a>" Railroad Commission of Texas - Christian Elected as Chairman of Railroad Commission. June 18, 2019. Retrieved on April 28, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist331_state.htm">[2]</a>" Texas Secretary of State 2018 election results. November 6, 2018. Retrieved on May 16, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparber2020" class="citation web cs1">Sparber, Sami (November 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2020/11/04/texas-railroad-commission-jim-wright-chrysta-castaneda/">"Jim Wright wins Texas Railroad Commission race, extending decades of Republican dominance on the oil and gas regulating board"</a>. <i>The Texas Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Texas+Tribune&rft.atitle=Jim+Wright+wins+Texas+Railroad+Commission+race%2C+extending+decades+of+Republican+dominance+on+the+oil+and+gas+regulating+board&rft.date=2020-11-04&rft.aulast=Sparber&rft.aufirst=Sami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org%2F2020%2F11%2F04%2Ftexas-railroad-commission-jim-wright-chrysta-castaneda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capitol.texas.gov/billlookup/BillSummary.aspx?LegSess=79R&Bill=HB2702">"House Bill 2702 — Enrolled Bill Summary"</a>. <i>Texas Legislature Online</i>. 14 June 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231018010207/https://capitol.texas.gov/billlookup/BillSummary.aspx?LegSess=79R&Bill=HB2702">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Legislature+Online&rft.atitle=House+Bill+2702+%E2%80%94+Enrolled+Bill+Summary&rft.date=2005-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapitol.texas.gov%2Fbilllookup%2FBillSummary.aspx%3FLegSess%3D79R%26Bill%3DHB2702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capitol.texas.gov/billlookup/Text.aspx?LegSess=79R&Bill=HB2702#">"Texas Legislature Online - 79(R) Text for HB 2702"</a>. <i>Texas Legislature Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231018005456/https://capitol.texas.gov/billlookup/Text.aspx?LegSess=79R&Bill=HB2702%23">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Legislature+Online&rft.atitle=Texas+Legislature+Online+-+79%28R%29+Text+for+HB+2702&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapitol.texas.gov%2Fbilllookup%2FText.aspx%3FLegSess%3D79R%26Bill%3DHB2702%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/about-us/faqs/railroads/">"RRC and Railroads"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RRC+and+Railroads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrc.texas.gov%2Fabout-us%2Ffaqs%2Frailroads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/about-us/commissioners/commissioner-list/">"Railroad Commissioners Past through Present"</a>. <i>www.rrc.texas.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rrc.texas.gov&rft.atitle=Railroad+Commissioners+Past+through+Present&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrc.texas.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fcommissioners%2Fcommissioner-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/contact-us/">"Contact Us"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contact+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrc.texas.gov%2Fcontact-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/about-us/locations/#OilGasLocations">"Oil & Gas Locations"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oil+%26+Gas+Locations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrc.texas.gov%2Fabout-us%2Flocations%2F%23OilGasLocations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARailroad+Commission+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rrc.texas.gov/">Railroad Commission of Texas official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mdr01">Railroad Commission</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/exhibits/railroad/intro.html">"Hazardous Business: Industry, Regulation, and the Texas Railroad Commission"</a> from Texas State Library and Archives Commission</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110824224053/http://www.usgsquads.com/index.php/services/texas-oil-and-gas-ebcdic-conversion">Conversion of EBCDIC files</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Texas&#124;link=Texas_Texas_state_agencies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_agencies_of_Texas" title="Template:State agencies of Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_agencies_of_Texas" title="Template talk:State agencies of Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_agencies_of_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State agencies of Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Texas&#124;link=Texas_Texas_state_agencies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas"><img alt="Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_state_agencies" title="List of Texas state agencies">Texas state agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Agriculture" title="Texas Department of Agriculture">Dept. of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Alcoholic_Beverage_Commission" title="Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission">Alcoholic Beverage Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Animal_Health_Commission" title="Texas Animal Health Commission">Animal Health Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Assistive_and_Rehabilitative_Services" title="Texas Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services">Dept. of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Attorney_General" title="Texas Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_School_for_the_Blind_and_Visually_Impaired" title="Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired">School for the Blind and Visually Impaired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazos_River_Authority" title="Brazos River Authority">Brazos River Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Cemetery" title="Texas State Cemetery">State Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Comptroller_of_Public_Accounts" title="Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts">Comptroller of Public Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Office_of_Consumer_Credit_Commissioner" title="Texas Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner">Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_School_for_the_Deaf" title="Texas School for the Deaf">School for the Deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Board_of_Dental_Examiners" title="Texas State Board of Dental Examiners">Board of Dental Examiners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Commission_on_Environmental_Quality" title="Texas Commission on Environmental Quality">Commission on Environmental Quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Education_Agency" title="Texas Education Agency">Education Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employees_Retirement_System_of_Texas" title="Employees Retirement System of Texas">Employees Retirement System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Ethics_Commission" title="Texas Ethics Commission">Ethics Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Facilities_Commission" title="Texas Facilities Commission">Facilities Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Family_and_Protective_Services" title="Texas Department of Family and Protective Services">Dept. of Family and Protective Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Film_Commission" title="Texas Film Commission">Film Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Forest_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Forest Service">Forest Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Texas" title="List of governors of Texas">Office of the Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe-Blanco_River_Authority" title="Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority">Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Health_and_Human_Services_Commission" title="Texas Health and Human Services Commission">Health and Human Services Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_State_Health_Services" title="Texas Department of State Health Services">Dept. of State Health Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Higher_Education_Coordinating_Board" title="Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board">Higher Education Coordinating Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Historical_Commission" title="Texas Historical Commission">Historical Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Housing_and_Community_Affairs" title="Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs">Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Information_Resources" title="Texas Department of Information Resources">Dept. of Information Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Insurance" title="Texas Department of Insurance">Dept. of Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Commission_on_Jail_Standards" title="Texas Commission on Jail Standards">Commission on Jail Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_General_Land_Office" title="Texas General Land Office">General Land Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Library_and_Archives_Commission" title="Texas State Library and Archives Commission">Library and Archives Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Licensing_and_Regulation" title="Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation">Dept. of Licensing and Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Lottery" title="Texas Lottery">Lottery Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Colorado_River_Authority" title="Lower Colorado River Authority">Lower Colorado River Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Motor_Vehicles" title="Texas Department of Motor Vehicles">Dept. of Motor Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Parks_and_Wildlife" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Department of Parks and Wildlife">Dept. of Parks and Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Preservation_Board" title="Texas State Preservation Board">Preservation Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Space_Commission" title="Texas Space Commission">Space Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Public_Safety" title="Texas Department of Public Safety">Dept. of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Railroad Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Real_Estate_Commission" title="Texas Real Estate Commission">Real Estate Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Residential_Construction_Commission" title="Texas Residential Construction Commission">Residential Construction Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Soil_and_Water_Conservation_Board" title="Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board">Soil and Water Conservation Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher_Retirement_System_of_Texas" title="Teacher Retirement System of Texas">Teacher Retirement System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University_System" title="Texas A&M University System">Texas A&M University System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Transportation" title="Texas Department of Transportation">Dept. of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_River_Authority" title="Trinity River Authority">Trinity River Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston_System" title="University of Houston System">University of Houston System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Texas_System" title="University of North Texas System">University of North Texas System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_System" title="University of Texas System">University of Texas System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_University_System" title="Texas State University System">Texas State University System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University_System" title="Texas Tech University System">Texas Tech University System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Workforce_Commission" title="Texas Workforce Commission">Workforce Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Juvenile_Justice_Department" title="Texas Juvenile Justice Department">Juvenile Justice Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Senate" title="Texas Senate">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Courts_of_Appeals" title="Texas Courts of Appeals">Courts of Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Texas Court of Criminal Appeals">Court of Criminal Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Criminal_Justice" title="Texas Department of Criminal Justice">Dept. of Criminal Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bar_of_Texas" title="State Bar of Texas">State Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Court_Administration/Texas_Judicial_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Court Administration/Texas Judicial Council (page does not exist)">Office of Court Administration/Texas Judicial Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Capital_and_Forensic_Writs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Capital and Forensic Writs (page does not exist)">Office of Capital and Forensic Writs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Prosecuting_Attorney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Prosecuting Attorney (page does not exist)">State Prosecuting Attorney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Law_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Law Library (page does not exist)">State Law Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Commission_on_Judicial_Conduct" class="mw-redirect" title="State Commission on Judicial Conduct">State Commission on Judicial Conduct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Statewide_political_officials_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas_statewide_political_officials" title="Template:Texas statewide political officials"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas_statewide_political_officials" title="Template talk:Texas statewide political officials"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas_statewide_political_officials" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas statewide political officials"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Statewide_political_officials_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Statewide political officials of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">John Cornyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_Texas.svg/90px-Seal_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_Texas.svg/135px-Seal_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_Texas.svg/180px-Seal_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="524" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Texas" title="Government of Texas">State government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Patrick_(politician)" title="Dan Patrick (politician)">Dan Patrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Texas" title="Lieutenant Governor of Texas">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Nelson" title="Jane Nelson">Jane Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Texas" title="Secretary of State of Texas">Secretary of State</a> (appointed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Paxton" title="Ken Paxton">Ken Paxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Attorney_General" title="Texas Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Hegar" title="Glenn Hegar">Glenn Hegar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Comptroller_of_Public_Accounts" title="Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts">Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Buckingham" title="Dawn Buckingham">Dawn Buckingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_General_Land_Office" title="Texas General Land Office">Land Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Miller_(politician)" title="Sid Miller (politician)">Sid Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Agriculture" title="Texas Department of Agriculture">Agriculture Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Christian" title="Wayne Christian">Wayne Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christi_Craddick" title="Christi Craddick">Christi Craddick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright_(commissioner)" title="Jim Wright (commissioner)">Jim Wright</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Railroad Commissioners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Senate" title="Texas Senate">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Patrick_(politician)" title="Dan Patrick (politician)">Dan Patrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Texas" title="Lieutenant Governor of Texas">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schwertner" title="Charles Schwertner">Charles Schwertner</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_Texas_Senate" title="List of presidents pro tempore of the Texas Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Paxton" title="Angela Paxton">Angela Paxton</a>, Majority Leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Alvarado" title="Carol Alvarado">Carol Alvarado</a>, Minority Leader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dade_Phelan" title="Dade Phelan">Dade Phelan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Geren" title="Charlie Geren">Charlie Geren</a>, Speaker pro tempore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Oliverson" title="Tom Oliverson">Tom Oliverson</a>, Majority Leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Martinez_Fischer" title="Trey Martinez Fischer">Trey Martinez Fischer</a>, Minority Leader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Texas" title="Supreme Court of Texas">Supreme Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Hecht" title="Nathan Hecht">Nathan Hecht</a>, Chief Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Blacklock" title="Jimmy Blacklock">Jimmy Blacklock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_Lehrmann" title="Debra Lehrmann">Debra Lehrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Devine_(judge)" title="John P. Devine (judge)">John P. Devine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebeca_Huddle" title="Rebeca Huddle">Rebeca Huddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Bland" title="Jane Bland">Jane Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_S._Boyd" title="Jeffrey S. Boyd">Jeffrey S. Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Brett_Busby" title="J. Brett Busby">J. Brett Busby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Young" title="Evan Young">Evan Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Texas Court of Criminal Appeals">Court of Criminal Appeals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Keller" title="Sharon Keller">Sharon Keller</a>, Presiding Judge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lou_Keel" title="Mary Lou Keel">Mary Lou Keel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Richardson_(judge)" title="Bert Richardson (judge)">Bert Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Yeary" title="Kevin Yeary">Kevin Yeary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_(judge)" title="Scott Walker (judge)">Scott Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_McClure" title="Jesse McClure">Jesse McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hervey" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hervey">Barbara Hervey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Slaughter" title="Michelle Slaughter">Michelle Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Newell_(judge)" title="David Newell (judge)">David Newell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_utilities_commissions_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_utilities_commissions" title="Template:Public utilities commissions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_utilities_commissions" title="Template talk:Public utilities commissions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_utilities_commissions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public utilities commissions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_utilities_commissions_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commissions</a> in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Federal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">DOE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">FERC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Service_Commission" title="Alabama Public Service Commission">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulatory_Commission_of_Alaska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulatory Commission of Alaska (page does not exist)">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Corporation_Commission" title="Arizona Corporation Commission">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Public_Service_Commission" title="Arkansas Public Service Commission">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="California Public Utilities Commission">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Colorado Public Utilities Commission">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Department_of_Energy_and_Environmental_Protection" title="Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Public_Service_Commission" title="Delaware Public Service Commission">Delaware</a></li> <li>District of Columbia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Public_Service_Commission" title="District of Columbia Public Service Commission">PUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Commission" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Commission">WMATC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Public_Service_Commission" title="Florida Public Service Commission">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Service_Commission" title="Georgia Public Service Commission">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Hawaii Public Utilities Commission">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Idaho Public Utilities Commission">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Commerce_Commission" title="Illinois Commerce Commission">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Utility_Regulatory_Commission" title="Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Utilities_Board" title="Iowa Utilities Board">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Corporation_Commission" title="Kansas Corporation Commission">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Public_Service_Commission" title="Kentucky Public Service Commission">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Public_Service_Commission" title="Louisiana Public Service Commission">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Maine Public Utilities Commission">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Public_Service_Commission" title="Maryland Public Service Commission">Maryland</a></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Public_Utilities" title="Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities">DPU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Department_of_Telecommunications_and_Cable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Department of Telecommunications and Cable (page does not exist)">DTC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Public_Service_Commission" title="Michigan Public Service Commission">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Minnesota Public Utilities Commission">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Service_Commission" title="Mississippi Public Service Commission">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Public_Service_Commission" title="Missouri Public Service Commission">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Public_Service_Commission" title="Montana Public Service Commission">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Public_Service_Commission" title="Nebraska Public Service Commission">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="Nevada Public Utilities Commission">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Board_of_Public_Utilities" title="New Jersey Board of Public Utilities">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Public_Regulation_Commission" title="New Mexico Public Regulation Commission">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Service_Commission" title="New York Public Service Commission">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Utilities_Commission" title="North Carolina Utilities Commission">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Public_Service_Commission" title="North Dakota Public Service Commission">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Utilities_Commission_of_Ohio" title="Public Utilities Commission of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Corporation_Commission" title="Oklahoma Corporation Commission">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Utility_Commission" title="Oregon Public Utility Commission">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Public_Utility_Commission" title="Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhode_Island_Public_Utilities_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhode Island Public Utilities Commission (page does not exist)">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Public_Service_Commission" title="South Carolina Public Service Commission">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="South Dakota Public Utilities Commission">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Regulatory_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Regulatory Authority">Tennessee</a></li> <li>Texas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Utility_Commission_of_Texas" title="Public Utility Commission of Texas">PUC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Commission_of_Utah" title="Public Service Commission of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public_Service_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont Public Service Board">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Corporation_Commission_(Virginia)" title="State Corporation Commission (Virginia)">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Utilities_and_Transportation_Commission" title="Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Service_Commission" title="West Virginia Public Service Commission">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Commission_of_Wisconsin" title="Public Service Commission of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Public_Service_Commission" title="Wyoming Public Service Commission">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=$PUC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="$PUC (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=$PUC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="$PUC (page does not exist)">Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=$PUC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="$PUC (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Telecommunications_Regulatory_Board" title="Puerto Rico Telecommunications Regulatory Board">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=$PUC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="$PUC (page does not exist)">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Railroad_Commissioners_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railroad_Commissioners_of_Texas" title="Template:Railroad Commissioners of Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Railroad_Commissioners_of_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Railroad Commissioners of Texas (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Railroad_Commissioners_of_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Railroad Commissioners of Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Railroad_Commissioners_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Railroad Commissioners of Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Reagan" title="John H. Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Branch_Colquitt" title="Oscar Branch Colquitt">Colquitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Wortham" title="John L. Wortham">Wortham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_B._Mayfield" title="Earle B. Mayfield">E. Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Marshall_William_Splawn" title="Walter Marshall William Splawn">Splawn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._V._Terrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. V. Terrell (page does not exist)">Terrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Sadler" title="Jerry Sadler">Sadler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauford_H._Jester" title="Beauford H. Jester">Jester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_J._Murray_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William J. Murray Jr. (page does not exist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_C._Langdon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim C. Langdon (page does not exist)">Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H._Poerner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. Poerner (page does not exist)">Poerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Temple" title="Buddy Temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Jobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark Jobe">Jobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_(Texas_politician)" title="John Sharp (Texas politician)">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Guerrero" title="Lena Guerrero">Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Wallace_(Texas_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Wallace (Texas politician) (page does not exist)">J. Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Williamson" title="Barry Williamson">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Garza" title="Tony Garza">Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_G._Carrillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor G. Carrillo (page does not exist)">Carrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Porter_(politician)" title="David J. Porter (politician)">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Christian" title="Wayne Christian">Christian</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg/100px-New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg/150px-New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg/200px-New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="323" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_L._Foster" title="Lafayette L. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N._A._Stedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N. A. Stedman (page does not exist)">Stedman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allison_Mayfield_(Texas_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allison Mayfield (Texas politician) (page does not exist)">A. Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._A._Nabors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. A. Nabors (page does not exist)">Nabors</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lon_A._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lon A. Smith (page does not exist)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olin_Culberson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olin Culberson (page does not exist)">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Ramsey_(politician)" title="Ben Ramsey (politician)">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Newton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Newton (page does not exist)">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Nugent" title="James E. Nugent">Nugent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Matthews_(Texas_politician)" title="Charles Matthews (Texas politician)">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ames_Jones" title="Elizabeth Ames Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Garcia" title="Buddy Garcia">Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christi_Craddick" title="Christi Craddick">Craddick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_P._McLean" title="William P. McLean">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Jefferson_Storey" title="Leonidas Jefferson Storey">Storey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William D. Williams (page does not exist)">W. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_H._Hurdleston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles H. Hurdleston (page does not exist)">Hurdleston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarence_E._Gilmore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarence E. Gilmore (page does not exist)">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Morris_Neff" title="Pat Morris Neff">Neff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_O._Thompson" title="Ernest O. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_M._Tunnell" title="Byron M. Tunnell">Tunnell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mack_Wallace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mack Wallace (page does not exist)">M. Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Hance" title="Kent Hance">Hance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Krueger" title="Bob Krueger">Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Scott_Nabers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Scott Nabers">Nabers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_Keeton_Strayhorn" title="Carole Keeton Strayhorn">Strayhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Williams" title="Michael L. Williams">M. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_T._Smitherman" title="Barry T. Smitherman">Smitherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Sitton" title="Ryan Sitton">Sitton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright_(commissioner)" title="Jim Wright (commissioner)">Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1647484#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1647484#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1647484#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121737042">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143060399">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80009747">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007456747605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&params=30.279064_N_97.73827_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°16′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">97°44′18″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.279064°N 97.738270°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.279064; -97.738270</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&oldid=1246767703">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&oldid=1246767703</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Railroad_Commission_of_Texas" title="Category:Railroad Commission of Texas">Railroad Commission of Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:State_agencies_of_Texas" title="Category:State agencies of Texas">State agencies of Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Petroleum_in_Texas" title="Category:Petroleum in Texas">Petroleum in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Category:History of the petroleum industry in the United States">History of the petroleum industry in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_and_gas_law" title="Category:Oil and gas law">Oil and gas law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_established_in_1891" title="Category:Government agencies established in 1891">Government agencies established in 1891</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1891_establishments_in_Texas" title="Category:1891 establishments in Texas">1891 establishments in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Petroleum_politics" title="Category:Petroleum politics">Petroleum politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_railroad_regulation" title="Category:United States railroad regulation">United States railroad regulation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rail_transportation_in_Texas" title="Category:Rail transportation in Texas">Rail transportation in Texas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_April_2019" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2019">Articles with dead external links from April 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_not_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates not on Wikidata">Coordinates not on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 September 2024, at 23:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Commission_of_Texas&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vqclb","wgBackendResponseTime":163,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.827","walltime":"1.039","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3689,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":109982,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5148,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":122130,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 887.058 1 -total"," 35.97% 319.080 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.53% 128.916 4 Template:Navbox"," 13.18% 116.948 1 Template:State_agencies_of_Texas"," 12.78% 113.333 1 Template:Infobox_government_agency"," 12.55% 111.296 4 Template:ISSN"," 12.35% 109.590 4 Template:Citation"," 11.74% 104.127 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.83% 87.222 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.35% 74.076 12 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.484","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6568639,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mhn25","timestamp":"20241122142235","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Railroad Commission of Texas","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Railroad_Commission_of_Texas","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1647484","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1647484","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-07-17T05:36:53Z","dateModified":"2024-09-20T23:29:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fd\/New_Official_Railroad_Commission_of_Texas_Logo.svg","headline":"fossil fuels agency in Texas, USA"}</script> </body> </html>