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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Opprinnelse_og_symbolisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opprinnelse_og_symbolisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Opprinnelse og symbolisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opprinnelse_og_symbolisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representasjoner_og_hypoteser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representasjoner_og_hypoteser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Representasjoner og hypoteser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representasjoner_og_hypoteser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultens_utvikling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultens_utvikling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kultens utvikling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultens_utvikling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_fremste_stedene_for_kulten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_fremste_stedene_for_kulten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>De fremste stedene for kulten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_fremste_stedene_for_kulten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bilder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ptah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 64 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="بتاح – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بتاح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Փթահ – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փթահ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D" title="পিতাহ্ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিতাহ্" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Птах – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Птах" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BC%8D" title="པུའུ་ཐ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པུའུ་ཐ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Птах – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Птах" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πτα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptaho" title="Ptaho – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ptaho" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="پتاح – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتاح" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%ED%83%80" title="프타 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="पिताह – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पिताह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97_(%D7%90%D7%9C)" title="פתח (אל) – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פתח (אל)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="პტა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthas" title="Phthas – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phthas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptachas" title="Ptachas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ptachas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Птах – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Птах" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="პტა – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პტა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="بتاح – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بتاح" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8D" title="ꯄ꯭ꯇꯥꯍ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄ꯭ꯇꯥꯍ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8F" title="プタハ – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プタハ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptax" title="Ptax – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ptax" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pt%C3%A1" title="Ptá – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ptá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Птах – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Птах" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pta" title="Pta – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Птах – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Птах" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="தாவ் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3)" title="Птах (бог) – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Птах (бог)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="پتاح – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پتاح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ptah" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9C%E5%A1%94" title="卜塔 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卜塔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%A1%94" title="普塔 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="普塔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9C%E5%A1%94" title="卜塔 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卜塔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146321#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Ptah" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ptah"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" 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<div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ptah"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Ptah" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Ptah" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&oldid=24211543" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Ptah&id=24211543&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPtah"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPtah"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ptah&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ptah" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146321" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><table cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="float:right; margin:5px 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #FFCC77; border-collapse:collapse; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px; background:#ffffde; color:#000000;" width="300"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" valign="top" style="background:#FFE39B;">Ptah i <a href="/wiki/Hieroglyf" title="Hieroglyf">hieroglyfer</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="background-color:#EEEECD"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideogram</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_C19.png?f4de2" height="38" title="C19" alt="C19" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_C20.png?83dbb" height="38" title="C20" alt="C20" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="background-color:#EEEECD">eller </td> <td style="text-align:center"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3" alt="Q3" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1" alt="X1" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V28.png?f1179" height="38" title="V28" alt="V28" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><i>Pt<span class="Unicode" style="font-family:DejaVu Sans, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Code2001, MV Boli, MS Mincho, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration:none!important">ḥ</span></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="background-color:#EEEECD">eller<br />med <a href="/wiki/Determinativ_(ideogram)" title="Determinativ (ideogram)">determinativ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space: nowrap;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3" alt="Q3" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1" alt="X1" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V28.png?f1179" height="38" title="V28" alt="V28" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A40.png?3f15b" height="36" title="A40" alt="A40" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="background-color:#EEEECD"><a href="/wiki/Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)" title="Transkripsjon (språkvitenskap)">Transkripsjon</a> </td> <td><i>Pt<span class="Unicode" style="font-family:DejaVu Sans, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Code2001, MV Boli, MS Mincho, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration:none!important">ḥ</span></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="background-color:#EEEECD"><a href="/wiki/Gammelgresk" title="Gammelgresk">gresk</a> </td> <td><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:DejaVu Sans, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Code2001, MV Boli, MS Mincho, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration:none!important">Φθα</span><br />(<i>Phtha</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="background-color:#EEEECD"><a href="/wiki/Koptisk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Koptisk språk">Sahidisk koptisk</a> </td> <td><span class="Unicode" style="font-family:DejaVu Sans, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Code2001, MV Boli, MS Mincho, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration:none!important">ⲡⲧⲁϩ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:#EEEECD"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ptah_standing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ptah_standing.svg/250px-Ptah_standing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="514" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ptah_standing.svg/375px-Ptah_standing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ptah_standing.svg/500px-Ptah_standing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Ptah <a href="/wiki/Mumie" title="Mumie">mumiebandasjer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Septer" title="Septer">septer</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Ptah</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gammelegyptisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gammelegyptisk">gammelegyptisk</a>: <i>Ptḥ; Pitaḥ</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> er i henhold til <a href="/wiki/Oldtidens_egyptiske_religion" title="Oldtidens egyptiske religion">oldtidens egyptiske religion</a> og <a href="/wiki/Egyptisk_mytologi" title="Egyptisk mytologi">mytologi</a> en skaper<a href="/wiki/Gud" title="Gud">gud</a>, og en skytsgud for kunstnere, håndverkere og arkitekter. I den guddommelige triaden i <a href="/wiki/Memfis_(Egypt)" title="Memfis (Egypt)">Memfis</a> var han gemalen til løvegudinnen <a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a> og far til den vakre lotusguden <a href="/wiki/Nefertum" title="Nefertum">Nefertum</a>. Da den vise <a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a> ble guddommeliggjort som en legegud, ble han i <a href="/wiki/Senepoken_i_Egypt" title="Senepoken i Egypt">Senepoken</a> gjort til en «sønn» av Ptah.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Memfis var Ptahs hovedkultsted der han ble assosiert med en rekke guder (som Ptah-Sokar-Osiris, eller Ptah-Tatenen). I Memfis-teologien her var han en skapergud som sto i spissen for <a href="/wiki/Enneade" title="Enneade">Enneaden</a>. I løpet av <a href="/wiki/19._egyptiske_dynasti" title="19. egyptiske dynasti">19.</a> og <a href="/wiki/20._egyptiske_dynasti" title="20. egyptiske dynasti">20. dynasti</a> var Ptah sammen med Amon og <a href="/wiki/Ra_(gud)" title="Ra (gud)">Ra</a> den store rikstriaden, de tre gudene som var fremst og riksbærende i oldtidens Egypt. Ptahs store betydning er vist i de mange tilknyttede kultene. Som kunstnernes gud forsto <a href="/wiki/Antikkens_Hellas" title="Antikkens Hellas">grekerne</a> ham som likestilt med <a href="/wiki/Hefaistos" title="Hefaistos">Hefaistos</a>, gud for teknologi og mekanikk. Ikonografisk ble Ptah framstilt som en mumisert figur med tettsittende hodeplagg og et sammensatt septer i hånden.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det norske og vesteuropeiske navnet <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> er avledet av det gammelegyptiske stedsnavnet <i>Hikuptah</i>, som grekerne kalte <a href="/wiki/Memfis_(Egypt)" title="Memfis (Egypt)">Memfis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Betydningen av Hikuptah er «Hjem/tempel for sjelen til Ptah». Det gikk inn i <a href="/wiki/Gammelgresk" title="Gammelgresk">antikkens gresk</a> som <i>Aiguptos</i>, Αἴγυπτος, og som ble videreført til <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> som <i>Ægyptus</i> (også transkribert som <i>Aegyptus</i>), noe som i moderne vestlige språk har blitt til <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-egypt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egypt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det opprinnelige egyptiske navnet for Egypt var <i>Kemet</i>, «det svarte landet».<sup id="cite_ref-egypt_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egypt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opprinnelse_og_symbolisme">Opprinnelse og symbolisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Opprinnelse og symbolisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Opprinnelse og symbolisme"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Statue_of_the_god_Ptah,_granodiorite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_86_p02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Statue_of_the_god_Ptah%2C_granodiorite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_86_p02.jpg/250px-Statue_of_the_god_Ptah%2C_granodiorite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_86_p02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Statue_of_the_god_Ptah%2C_granodiorite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_86_p02.jpg/375px-Statue_of_the_god_Ptah%2C_granodiorite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_86_p02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Statue_of_the_god_Ptah%2C_granodiorite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_86_p02.jpg/500px-Statue_of_the_god_Ptah%2C_granodiorite_-_Museo_Egizio_Turin_C_86_p02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3370" data-file-height="5241" /></a><figcaption>Statue av Ptah, Det egyptiske museum i <a href="/wiki/Torino" title="Torino">Torino</a>, Italia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fra Mellomriket og framover ble Ptah en av de fem mest betydelige egyptiske guder sammen med Ra, Isis, Osiris og Amun.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ptah er den fremste <a href="/wiki/Demiurg" title="Demiurg">verdensskaperen</a>: har er betraktet som skaperguden som eksisterte før alle andre ting eksisterte, og ved hans egen egenrådighet og vilje, tenkte han ut verden. Den ble først utviklet av Tanke og deretter realisert av Ordet: Ptah fødte verden ved tanken i sitt hjerte og ga liv ved magien av sitt ord. Det som Ptah beordret ble skapt, noe som utgjør alle ting i naturen, fauna og flora. Han hadde også en viktig rolle i bevarelsen av verden og varigheten og verdigheten i kongens funksjon. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/25._egyptiske_dynasti" title="25. egyptiske dynasti">25. dynasti</a> gjorde den <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">nubiske</a> farao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shabaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shabaka (ikke skrevet ennå)">Shabaka</a> en inskripsjon på en stele, kjent som Shabaka-steinen, og er et gammelteologisk dokument som ble funnet i arkivene i biblioteket til tempelet for guden i Memfis. Dette dokumentet har blitt kjent som Memfis-teologien, og framstiller guden Ptah som verdensskaperen av universet ved tanke og ved ord.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Han hadde mange titler som beskrev hans rolle i <a href="/wiki/Oldtidens_egyptiske_religion" title="Oldtidens egyptiske religion">oldtidens egyptiske religion</a> og dets betydning samfunnet i sin tid: </p> <ul><li>Ptah, det vakre ansikt</li> <li>Ptah, sannhetens herredømme</li> <li>Ptah, rettferdighetens herredømme</li> <li>Ptah som lytter til bønner</li> <li>Ptah, seremonienes herredømme</li> <li>Ptah, evighetens herre</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representasjoner_og_hypoteser">Representasjoner og hypoteser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Representasjoner og hypoteser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Representasjoner og hypoteser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Som mange guddommer i oldtidens Egypt hadde Ptah mange former, via en av hans særlige aspekter og via <a href="/wiki/Synkretisme" title="Synkretisme">synkretisme</a> av andre guddommer i regionen i og rundt Memfis. Han er tidvis representert som en dverg, naken og misformet, en popularitet som fortsatte å vokse i Senepoken. Han ble i dette aspektet jevnlig assosiert med guden <a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a>, en dverggud, og hans dyrkelse strakte seg ut over landets grenser og nådde ut til hele den østlige delen av Middelhavet. Takket være <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nikia" title="Fønikia">fønikerne</a> er det også funnet figurer og statuetter av Ptah i Kartago (i dagens <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I andre sammenhenger ble Ptah vanligvis representert som et menneske med grønn hud, med liksvøp om huden, guddommelig skjegg og holdt et septer som kombinerte de tre mektige symbolene i egyptisk religion: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Was-septer" title="Was-septer">Was-septeret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a>, sannhetens symbol</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djed-s%C3%B8ylen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djed-søylen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Djed-søylen</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Relief_of_Ptah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Relief_of_Ptah.jpg/250px-Relief_of_Ptah.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Relief_of_Ptah.jpg/500px-Relief_of_Ptah.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>Relieff i <a href="/wiki/Stukkatur" title="Stukkatur">stukkatur</a> av Ptah som holder en stav som bærer de kombinerte symbolene <i>ankh</i> og <i>djed</i>. Senepoken eller ptolemeisk tid, 300- til 200-tallet f.Kr.</figcaption></figure> <p>Disse tre kombinerte symbolene indikerte de tre kreative kreftene til guden: kraft (<i>was</i>), liv (<i>ankh</i>) og stabilitet (<i>djed</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allerede fra tiden under <a href="/wiki/Det_gamle_rike" class="mw-redirect" title="Det gamle rike">Det gamle rike</a> absorberte Ptah framtoningen til <a href="/wiki/Sokar" title="Sokar">Sokar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatenen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatenen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tatenen</a>, gamle guddommer i regionen Memfis. Hans form til Sokar besto av det hvite liksvøpet og Atef-kronen, en av attributtene til Osiris. I denne egenskap representerte han guden for <a href="/wiki/Nekropolis" title="Nekropolis">nekropolis</a> i <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a> og andre steder hvor kongelige gravsteder og pyramider ble bygget. Gradvis dannet hans form med Osiris til en ny guddom kalt Ptah-Sokar-Osiris. Statuetter ble framstilt som representerte guden var halvt menneskelig, halv hauk, det vil si som et menneske med hodet til en hauk, eller som en hauk. Som sistnevnte symbol ble han som hauken systematisk plassert i graver for å følge og beskytte døde på deres reise til Vest.<sup id="cite_ref-Pat_Remler_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pat_Remler-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hans form som Tatenen er representert av en ung og energisk mann som bærer en krone med to høye strutsefjærer som omgir en solskive. Han legemliggjør således ilden under bakken som buldrer og løfter bakken. Som sådan er han særskilt æret av metallarbeidere og smeder, men var like mye fryktet da han var årsak til jordskjelv og skjelvinger i jordens overflate.<sup id="cite_ref-Pat_Remler_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pat_Remler-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I denne formen var Ptah seremonimester for <a href="/wiki/Sed-festival" title="Sed-festival">Sed-festivalen</a> (<i>Heb Sed</i>), en seremoni tradisjonelt attestert til de første tretti årene av faraos styre. Faraoer som fulgte tradisjonen, men som ikke regjerte i 30 år fikk nøye seg med løftet om «millioner jubileer etter døden».<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I henhold til de mytologiske-teologiske tekstene i Memfis kunne guden Ptah være samsvarende med solguden Ra (eller <a href="/wiki/Aton" title="Aton">Aton</a> under <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarnaperioden</a>), hvor han legemliggjorde den guddommelig essens som solguden fikk ernæring for å komme til væren og bli til, og således bli født. I det helligste av de hellige i hans tempel i Memfis, foruten også i hans store, hellige båt som han (eller hans representasjon ved hans bilde) kom i prosesjon med under hans jevnlige besøk til regionen ved de betydelige helligdagene. Ptah ble også symbolisert ved to fugler med menneskehoder pyntet med solskiver, symboler på sjelen (<a href="/wiki/Egyptisk_sjel" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptisk sjel">Ba</a>) til guden Ra: De to Ba er også identifisert med tvillinggudene Shu og Tefnut og er assosiert med djedsøylen til Memfis.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Og til sist, Ptah var legemliggjort i den hellige okse <a href="/wiki/Apis" class="mw-disambig" title="Apis">Apis</a>. Som jevnlig referert til som Ras forløper eller sendebud, var det hellige dyret forbindelsen med guden Ra fra <a href="/wiki/Det_nye_rike" class="mw-redirect" title="Det nye rike">Det nye rike</a>. Dyret mottok også dyrkelse i Memfis, antagelig i hjertet av det store tempelet til Ptah, og ved sin død ble oksen som en representant for guden gravlagt med alle æresbevisninger som en levende gud i <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqaras</a> <a href="/wiki/Serapeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Serapeum">serapeum</a> (gresk <i>serapeion</i>, Σεραπεῖον).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultens_utvikling">Kultens utvikling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kultens utvikling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kultens utvikling"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptothek_-_Ausstellungssaal_1-2008-17-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptothek_-_Ausstellungssaal_1-2008-17-11.jpg/250px-Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptothek_-_Ausstellungssaal_1-2008-17-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptothek_-_Ausstellungssaal_1-2008-17-11.jpg/500px-Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptothek_-_Ausstellungssaal_1-2008-17-11.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>En stor statue av guden Ptah-Tatenen (til høyre) som holder hendene til farao <a href="/wiki/Ramses_II" title="Ramses II">Ramses II</a>. I den ene hånden holder han <a href="/wiki/Was-septer" title="Was-septer">was-septeret</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek" title="Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek">Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek</a>, København.</figcaption></figure> <p>Som gud for kunstnere og håndverkere spredte kulten til guden Ptah seg raskt over hele Egypt. Med store kongelige prosjekter under Det gamle rike, var yppersteprestene til Ptah særskilt ettertraktet og arbeidet i samarbeid med kongens visir, tidvis fylte de rollen som sjefarkitekt og mesterhåndverker, ansvarlig for dekorasjonen av de kongelige gravkompleksene. </p><p>I Det nye rike utviklet kulten seg på ulikt vis, særskilt i Memfis, som var hans særskilte by, men også i <a href="/wiki/Teben_(Egypt)" title="Teben (Egypt)">Teben</a> hvor arbeiderne på den kongelige grav æret ham som deres egen skytsgud. Av denne grunn ble <a href="/wiki/Oratorium" title="Oratorium">oratoriet</a> til «Ptah som lyttet til bønner» bygget i nærheten av det stedet som nå har fått det arabiske navnet <a href="/wiki/Deir-el-Medineh" title="Deir-el-Medineh">Deir-el-Medineh</a>, den gang landsbyen hvor arbeiderne og håndverkerne bodde. Ved Memfis var rollen til talsmannen særskilt synlig i framtoningen av den mur rundt tempelet som beskyttet gudens helligdom. Store ører ble hogd i murene, og som antagelig symboliserte guden som hørte alt og lyttet til bønner; understreket i følgende inskripsjon: «Lovet være deg ved den store befestning; det er det sted hvor bønner er hørt.»<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Med <a href="/wiki/19._egyptiske_dynasti" title="19. egyptiske dynasti">19. dynasti</a> vokste hans kult og ble en av de fire store gudene i riket til Ramses. Han ble dyrket ved den nye hovedstaden Pi-Ramses (også transkribert Pi-Ramesse, «Ramses’ hus») som mester for seremoniene og kroningene. Ved <a href="/wiki/Tredje_mellomepoke_i_Egypt" title="Tredje mellomepoke i Egypt">Tredje mellomepoke i Egypt</a> kom Ptah tilbake monarkiets sentrum hvor kroningen av farao igjen ble holdt i hans tempel. De greske faraoene, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeerdynastiet" title="Ptolemeerdynastiet">ptolemeerdynastiet</a>, fortsatte denne tradisjonen, og yppersteprestene til Ptah ble deretter i økende grad knyttet til den kongelige familie. Noen av dem giftet seg faktisk med prinsesser fra kongefamilien, noe som viser det framstående rolle de hadde ved hoffet til <a href="/wiki/Det_ptolemeiske_konged%C3%B8mme" title="Det ptolemeiske kongedømme">det ptolemeiske kongedømme</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_fremste_stedene_for_kulten">De fremste stedene for kulten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: De fremste stedene for kulten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen De fremste stedene for kulten"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tempel dedisert til</th> <th>Sted </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ptah</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pi-Ramses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pi-Ramses (ikke skrevet ennå)">Pi-Ramses</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ptah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memfis_(Egypt)" title="Memfis (Egypt)">Memfis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ptah som lytter til bønner</td> <td>Memphis </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ptah som er sør for sin mur</td> <td>Memphis </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ptah-Sokar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abydos_(Egypt)" title="Abydos (Egypt)">Abydos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ptah-Sokar</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kom_el-Hettan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kom el-Hettan (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kom el-Hettan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Teben_(Egypt)" title="Teben (Egypt)">Teben</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ptah som lytter til bønner</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Medina" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir el-Medina">Deir el-Medina</a> (Teben) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ptah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a> (Teben) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ptah</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerf_Hussein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerf Hussein (ikke skrevet ennå)">Gerf Hussein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ptah, sannhetens herre</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abu_Simbel" title="Abu Simbel">Abu Simbel</a> (Nubia) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilder">Bilder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bilder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bilder"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Crenelated_model_tower_depicting_god_Ptah_holding_a_was-sceptre_before_an_offering_tabel._Woman_in_adoration_before_ears_on_the_other_side._18th_Dynasty._From_Harageh,_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kvadratisk modelltårn som avbilder Ptah med was-septer foran et offerbord. Kvinner i tilbedelse foran store ører på begge sider. Fra Harageh ved Faiyum, 18. dynasti. Nå i Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London."><img alt="Kvadratisk modelltårn som avbilder Ptah med was-septer foran et offerbord. Kvinner i tilbedelse foran store ører på begge sider. Fra Harageh ved Faiyum, 18. dynasti. Nå i Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Crenelated_model_tower_depicting_god_Ptah_holding_a_was-sceptre_before_an_offering_tabel._Woman_in_adoration_before_ears_on_the_other_side._18th_Dynasty._From_Harageh%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Crenelated_model_tower_depicting_god_Ptah_holding_a_was-sceptre_before_an_offering_tabel._Woman_in_adoration_before_ears_on_the_other_side._18th_Dynasty._From_Harageh%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/250px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4015" data-file-height="4301" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kvadratisk modelltårn som avbilder Ptah med was-septer foran et offerbord. Kvinner i tilbedelse foran store ører på begge sider. Fra Harageh ved <a href="/wiki/Faiyum" title="Faiyum">Faiyum</a>, 18. dynasti. Nå i Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Stela_of_Irinefer,_Servant_in_the_Place_of_Truth._19th_Dynasty._From_Tomb_290_at_Deir_el-Medina,_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stele til Irinefer, tjener i Sannhetens sted. Fra grav 290 ved Deir el-Medina, 19. dynasti. Nå Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London."><img alt="Stele til Irinefer, tjener i Sannhetens sted. Fra grav 290 ved Deir el-Medina, 19. dynasti. Nå Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Stela_of_Irinefer%2C_Servant_in_the_Place_of_Truth._19th_Dynasty._From_Tomb_290_at_Deir_el-Medina%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/120px-Stela_of_Irinefer%2C_Servant_in_the_Place_of_Truth._19th_Dynasty._From_Tomb_290_at_Deir_el-Medina%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Stela_of_Irinefer%2C_Servant_in_the_Place_of_Truth._19th_Dynasty._From_Tomb_290_at_Deir_el-Medina%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/250px-Stela_of_Irinefer%2C_Servant_in_the_Place_of_Truth._19th_Dynasty._From_Tomb_290_at_Deir_el-Medina%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="4314" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stele til Irinefer, tjener i Sannhetens sted. Fra grav 290 ved Deir el-Medina, 19. dynasti. Nå Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Memphis_Ptah_112004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gudens Ptahs profil, dybderelieff på et lite tempel for Hathor i Memfis."><img alt="Gudens Ptahs profil, dybderelieff på et lite tempel for Hathor i Memfis." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Memphis_Ptah_112004.jpg/120px-Memphis_Ptah_112004.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Memphis_Ptah_112004.jpg/180px-Memphis_Ptah_112004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Memphis_Ptah_112004.jpg/240px-Memphis_Ptah_112004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="614" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gudens Ptahs profil, dybderelieff på et lite tempel for Hathor i Memfis.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Triade_de_Rams%C3%A8s_II_2004.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stor statue med en triade: Ptah-Ramses II-Sekhmet. I hagen til Det egyptiske museum i Kairo."><img alt="Stor statue med en triade: Ptah-Ramses II-Sekhmet. I hagen til Det egyptiske museum i Kairo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Triade_de_Rams%C3%A8s_II_2004.JPG/90px-Triade_de_Rams%C3%A8s_II_2004.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Triade_de_Rams%C3%A8s_II_2004.JPG/135px-Triade_de_Rams%C3%A8s_II_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Triade_de_Rams%C3%A8s_II_2004.JPG/180px-Triade_de_Rams%C3%A8s_II_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stor statue med en triade: Ptah-Ramses II-Sekhmet. I hagen til <a href="/wiki/Det_egyptiske_museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Det egyptiske museum">Det egyptiske museum</a> i Kairo.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tutankhamun_pendant.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brystdekorasjon til Tutankhamon som viser den unge kongen mellom Sekhmet og Ptah. Det egyptiske museum i Kairo."><img alt="Brystdekorasjon til Tutankhamon som viser den unge kongen mellom Sekhmet og Ptah. Det egyptiske museum i Kairo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tutankhamun_pendant.jpg/120px-Tutankhamun_pendant.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tutankhamun_pendant.jpg/250px-Tutankhamun_pendant.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brystdekorasjon til <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamon" title="Tutankhamon">Tutankhamon</a> som viser den unge kongen mellom <a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a> og Ptah. Det egyptiske museum i Kairo.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:GD-FR-LouvreEG016.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Statuetter av Ptah-Sokar-Osiris. Nå i Louvre, Frankrike."><img alt="Statuetter av Ptah-Sokar-Osiris. Nå i Louvre, Frankrike." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/GD-FR-LouvreEG016.JPG/120px-GD-FR-LouvreEG016.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/GD-FR-LouvreEG016.JPG/250px-GD-FR-LouvreEG016.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statuetter av Ptah-Sokar-Osiris. Nå i <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Frankrike.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ptah_votive_stele.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Votivstele dedisert guden Ptah i tempelet til Deir el-Medina. Det nye rike, 20. dynasti, ca. 1150 f.Kr."><img alt="Votivstele dedisert guden Ptah i tempelet til Deir el-Medina. Det nye rike, 20. dynasti, ca. 1150 f.Kr." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ptah_votive_stele.JPG/120px-Ptah_votive_stele.JPG" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ptah_votive_stele.JPG/250px-Ptah_votive_stele.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2478" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Votivstele dedisert guden Ptah i tempelet til <a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Medina" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir el-Medina">Deir el-Medina</a>. Det nye rike, 20. dynasti, ca. 1150 f.Kr.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Loprieno, Antonio (1995): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.no/books?id=kW8Mzji0XRgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=ancient+egyptian+loprieno&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bTFT62UFNHM6QG53djYBg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=ptah&f=false"><i>Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, s. 34, 305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Lichtheim, Miriam ([1973] 1980): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.no/books?id=Syy8-FO5XgIC&pg=PA104&dq=Imhotep+%2B+Ptah&hl=no&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6k4jk4MTTAhXEJSwKHWoRCF0Q6AEIZjAI#v=onepage&q=Imhotep%20%2B%20Ptah&f=false"><i>Ancient Egyptian Literature: The late period</i></a>, University of California Press, s. 104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Schulz, Regine (2007): «Det gamle Egypts guder» i: Schulz, Regine & Seidel, Matthias, red.: <i>Egypt : Faraoenes verden</i>. Oslo: Spektrum, s. 523</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Memphis&allowed_in_frame=0">«Memphis»</a>, <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-egypt-5"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-egypt_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-egypt_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Egypt&allowed_in_frame=0">Egypt</a>, <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landofpyramids.org/ptah.htm">«Ptah, god of Egypt»</a>, <i>Land of Pyramids</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Bodine, Joshua J. (2009): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studiaantiqua/vol7/iss1/3/">«The Shabaka Stone: An Introduction»</a>, <i>Studia Antiqua</i>, <b>7</b> (1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gettyimages.no/detail/news-photo/tunisia-carthage-amulets-representing-the-god-ptah-news-photo/122210857#tunisia-carthage-amulets-representing-the-god-ptah-siliceous-paste-picture-id122210857">Tunisia, Carthage, Amulets representing the God Ptah</a>, <i>Gettyimages</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Moscati, Sabatino (2001): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.no/books?id=1EEtmT9Tbj4C&pg=PA586&lpg=PA586&dq=Ptah+in+Carthage.&source=bl&ots=BJnC4DO6Pk&sig=gNtkCN5zgLkLTUjXiriXeQgru7c&hl=no&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjbudSHj8XTAhVJVywKHRg0BpkQ6AEIVDAL#v=onepage&q=Ptah%20in%20Carthage.&f=false"><i>The Phoenicians</i></a>, I.B.Tauris, s. 586</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egyptianmyths.net/ptah.htm">«Ptah»</a>, <i>Egyptian Gods</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soptah.com/pages/kemetic-symbol-guide">Kemetic (ancient Egyptian) Symbol Guide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pat_Remler-12"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Pat_Remler_12-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pat_Remler_12-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Remler, Pat (2010): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.no/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&pg=PA453&lpg=PA453&dq=Ptah+in+Carthage.&source=bl&ots=3vxYg1V9Yy&sig=vqlwVjKgdNYsYYifa78Av8OIZVo&hl=no&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB_83Fj8XTAhWGXiwKHeXJCeQ4ChDoAQgvMAI#v=onepage&q=Ptah%20in%20Carthage.&f=false"><i>Egyptian Mythology, A to Z</i></a>, Infobase Publishing, s. 453</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Murnane, William (1981): «The Sed Festival: A Problem in Historical Method», <i>MDAIK</i> <b>37</b>, s. 369-376</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Berlandini, Jocelyne : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/3464840/_Contribution_à_létude_du_pilier-djed_memphite_">«Contribution à l'étude du pilier-djed memphite»</a>, <i>Academia.edu</i>, s. 23-33, plansje 1 A og 2A. Opprinnelig inkludert i Zivie, Alain Pierre (1988): <i>Memphis et ses nécropoles au Nouvel Empire</i>, Paris : CNRS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saqqara.nl/context/glossary/serapeum">«Serapeum»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170429000354/http://www.saqqara.nl/context/glossary/serapeum">Arkivert</a> 29. april 2017 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>Saqqara.nl</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kemp, Barry J. (2006): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.no/books?id=l-t5vWHAVN0C&pg=PA252&lpg=PA252&dq=Memphis+Egypt+%2B+ears+walls&source=bl&ots=Wkjl4eeBqY&sig=qfpfwi38xJnPKu-XL5zdSgMh0jM&hl=no&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8zazrucXTAhUG1ywKHaWvDF0Q6AEIVTAK#v=onepage&q=Memphis%20Egypt%20%2B%20ears%20walls&f=false"><i>Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization</i></a>, Psychology Press, s. 252</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptah&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ptah" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ptah">Ptah</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146321?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ptah" class="extiw" title="commons:Ptah">Ptah</a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146321?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24994932">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Egyptisk_mytologi59" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24994932" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guddommer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aker_(egyptisk_mytologi)" title="Aker (egyptisk mytologi)">Aker</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Amaunet" title="Amaunet">Amaunet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_s%C3%B8nn_av_Hapu" title="Amenhotep, sønn av Hapu">Amenhotep</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Amon" title="Amon">Amon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Apis_(gud)" title="Apis (gud)">Apis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aton" title="Aton">Aton</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bast" title="Bast">Bast</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bat_(egyptisk_mytologi)" title="Bat (egyptisk mytologi)">Bat</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Benu" title="Benu">Benu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Duamutef" title="Duamutef">Duamutef</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hapi" title="Hapi">Hapi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hapy" title="Hapy">Hapy</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Harpokrates" title="Harpokrates">Harpokrates</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Heh" title="Heh">Heh</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Heka" title="Heka">Heka</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hu" title="Hu">Hu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ihi" title="Ihi">Ihi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Imset" title="Imset">Imset</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kebehut" title="Kebehut">Kebehut</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kebehsenuf" title="Kebehsenuf">Kebehsenuf</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kek" title="Kek">Kek</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maàt</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Min_(gud)" title="Min (gud)">Min</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Naunet" title="Naunet">Naunet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nefertum" title="Nefertum">Nefertum</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nefthys" title="Nefthys">Nefthys</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nekhebet" title="Nekhebet">Nekhebet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nut" title="Nut">Nut</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ptah</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ra_(gud)" title="Ra (gud)">Ra</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Satis" title="Satis">Satis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Set" title="Set">Set</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shu" title="Shu">Shu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sia" title="Sia">Sia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sokar" title="Sokar">Sokar</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tot" title="Tot">Tot</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thueris" title="Thueris">Thueris</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grupper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Enneade" title="Enneade">Enneaden</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ogdoaden" title="Ogdoaden">Ogdoaden</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Templer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Simbel" title="Abu Simbel">Abu Simbel</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Abydos_(Egypt)" title="Abydos (Egypt)">Abyddos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ain_el-Muftella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ain el-Muftella (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ain el-Muftella</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dendera_tempelkompleks" title="Dendera tempelkompleks">Dendera tempelkompleks</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bani_Hasan_al_Shurruq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bani Hasan al Shurruq (ikke skrevet ennå)">Bani Hasan al Shurruq</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tempelet_i_Idfu" title="Tempelet i Idfu">Idfu-tempelet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kom_Ombo-templet" title="Kom Ombo-templet">Kom Ombo-templet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Luxortemplet" title="Luxortemplet">Luxortemplet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medinet_Habu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medinet Habu (ikke skrevet ennå)">Medinet Habu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatshepsut-tempelet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatshepsut-tempelet (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hatshepsut-tempelet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Philae" title="Philae">Philae</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramesseum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramesseum (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ramesseum</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symboler</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Djed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djed (ikke skrevet ennå)">Djed</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dobbeltkrone" title="Dobbeltkrone">Dobbeltkrone</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Horus%E2%80%99_%C3%B8ye" title="Horus’ øye">Horus’ øye</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kartusj" title="Kartusj">Kartusj</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sfinks" title="Sfinks">Sfinks</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skarab%C3%A9" title="Skarabé">Skarabé</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Uraeusslange" title="Uraeusslange">Uraeusslange</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tekster</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amduat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amduat (ikke skrevet ennå)">Amduat</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anipapyrusen" title="Anipapyrusen">Anipapyrusen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anis_l%C3%A6re" title="Anis lære">Anis lære</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Den_egyptiske_d%C3%B8deboken" title="Den egyptiske dødeboken">Den egyptiske dødeboken</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Den_livstrettes_samtale_med_sin_ba-%C3%A5nd" title="Den livstrettes samtale med sin ba-ånd">Den livstrettes samtale med sin ba-ånd</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Den_store_Atonhymnen" title="Den store Atonhymnen">Den store Atonhymnen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ptahhoteps_l%C3%A6re" title="Ptahhoteps lære">Ptahhoteps lære</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pyramidetekstene" title="Pyramidetekstene">Pyramidetekstene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ra-litaniet" title="Ra-litaniet">Ra-litaniet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sarkofagtekstene" title="Sarkofagtekstene">Sarkofagtekstene</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24994932" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25029653" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata52" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata52" scope="row" 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