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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_Athens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_Athens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ottoman Athens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_Athens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parks_and_zoos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_zoos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Parks and zoos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_zoos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Athens_Urban_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athens_Urban_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Athens Urban Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athens_Urban_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athens_metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athens_metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Athens metropolitan area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athens_metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Metropolitan Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bus_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bus transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athens_International_Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athens_International_Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Athens International Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athens_International_Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Motorways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archaeological_hub_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_hub_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Archaeological hub and museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_hub_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Urban sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Entertainment and performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Athens</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 229 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-229" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">229 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Афинхэр – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Афинхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athene" title="Athene – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Athene" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%B4%E1%8A%93" title="አቴና – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አቴና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="एथेंस – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एथेंस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%BE%C4%93nas" title="Aþēnas – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Aþēnas" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="أثينا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أثينا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%A3" title="ܐܬܢܘܣ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܬܢܘܣ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A9%D5%A7%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Աթէնք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աթէնք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athine" title="Athine – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Athine" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%AAnes" title="Atênes – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Atênes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenes" title="Atenes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Atenes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="एथेन्स – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="एथेन्स" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A9na" title="Aténa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Aténa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athina" title="Athina – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Athina" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afina" title="Afina – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Afina" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%86" title="آتن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آتن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ath%C3%A9na" title="Athéna – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Athéna" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="অ্যাথেন্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাথেন্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Афина – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Афина" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Афіны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Афіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Атэны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атэны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Атина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨ་ཐེན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨ་ཐེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atina" title="Atina – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Atina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aten" title="Aten – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aten" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Афина – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Афина" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenes" title="Atenes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Atenes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Афинсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Афинсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ath%C3%A9ny" title="Athény – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Athény" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateni" title="Ateni – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ateni" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="أتينا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أتينا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena" title="Athena – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Athena" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athina" title="Athina – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Athina" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9k%CA%BCi_%C3%8D%C3%ADyah_Danii%CA%BC%C3%A1ii" title="Tsékʼi Ííyah Daniiʼáii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsékʼi Ííyah Daniiʼáii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheny" title="Atheny – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Atheny" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="एथेन्स – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="एथेन्स" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateena" title="Ateena – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ateena" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Αθήνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αθήνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Афины ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Афины ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateno" title="Ateno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ateno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%86" title="آتن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ath%C3%A8nes" title="Athènes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Athènes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aten" title="Aten – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Aten" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Aithin" title="An Aithin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Aithin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Atheen" title="Yn Atheen – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Atheen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afina" title="Afina – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Afina" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_%C3%80ithne" title="An Àithne – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Àithne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Афины – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Афины" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="雅典" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%85%8C%EB%84%A4" title="아테네 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아테네" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAkenai" title="ʻAkenai – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻAkenai" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Աթենք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աթենք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="एथेंस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एथेंस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atena_(grad)" title="Atena (grad) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Atena (grad)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athina" title="Athina – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Athina" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atens" title="Atens – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Atens" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena_(kota)" title="Athena (kota) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Athena (kota)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenas" title="Athenas – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Athenas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athina" title="Athina – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Athina" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Афинæтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Афинæтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Athene" title="I-Athene – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Athene" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%BEena" title="Aþena – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aþena" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="אתונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אתונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A9na" title="Aténa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aténa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C9%9Bn%C9%A9" title="Atɛnɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Atɛnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಥೆನ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಥೆನ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Афинле – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Афинле" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ათენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ათენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Афина – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Афина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ath%C3%ADna" title="Athína – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Athína" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Афинъяс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Афинъяс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atina" title="Atina – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Atina" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A8n" title="Atèn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Atèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%AEna" title="Atîna – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Atîna" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Афины – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Афины" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atena" title="Atena – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Atena" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%99" title="ເອເທນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເອເທນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenae" title="Athenae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Athenae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C4%93nas" title="Atēnas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atēnas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Афинар – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Афинар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C4%97nai" title="Atėnai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atėnai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athene_(stad)" title="Athene (stad) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Athene (stad)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenis" title="Atenis – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Atenis" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atina" title="Atina – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Atina" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afiinat" title="Afiinat – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Afiinat" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/atenas" title="atenas – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="atenas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ath%C3%A9n" title="Athén – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Athén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="एथेन्स – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="एथेन्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Атина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Атина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atena" title="Atena – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Atena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ഏതൻസ്‌ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഏതൻസ്‌" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateni" title="Ateni – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ateni" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80tene" title="Ātene – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ātene" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="ॲथेन्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲथेन्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ათენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ათენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="اتينا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اتينا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%86" title="آتن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آتن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81" title="ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯟꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯟꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena" title="Athena – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Athena" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C4%81-di%C4%93ng" title="Ngā-diēng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngā-diēng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82" title="Афитт – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Афитт" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Афин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Афин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အေသင်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အေသင်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athene_(stad)" title="Athene (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Athene (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athene" title="Athene – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Athene" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="एथेन्स – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एथेन्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="एथेन्स – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एथेन्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%86%E3%83%8D" title="アテネ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アテネ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Афина – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Афина" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheen" title="Atheen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Atheen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aten" title="Aten – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aten" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atena" title="Atena – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Atena" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Афин – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Афин" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afina_(shahar)" title="Afina (shahar) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Afina (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਐਥਨਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਥਨਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ایتھنز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایتھنز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86" title="اتن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اتن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenz" title="Atenz – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Atenz" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A8ne" title="Atène – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Atène" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateny" title="Ateny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ateny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Αθήνα – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Αθήνα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afina" title="Afina – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Afina" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atina" title="Atina – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Atina" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atena" title="Atena – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Atena" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athen" title="Athen – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Athen" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athina" title="Athina – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Athina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Атены – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Атены" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Афины – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Афины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Атина – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Атина" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya-tyen" title="Ya-tyen – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ya-tyen" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenai" title="Atenai – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Atenai" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ایتھنز – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ایتھنز" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athene_(St%C3%A4%C3%A4d)" title="Athene (Stääd) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Athene (Stääd)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athina" title="Athina – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Athina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateni" title="Ateni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ateni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇතන්ස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇතන්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3" title="اٿينس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اٿينس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A9ny" title="Atény – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atény" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%EA%99%91" title="Аѳинꙑ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Аѳинꙑ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atyny" title="Atyny – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Atyny" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ئەتینا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەتینا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Атина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Атина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atena" title="Atena – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Atena" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateena" title="Ateena – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ateena" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aten" title="Aten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஏதென்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஏதென்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atina" title="Atina – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Atina" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atina" title="Atina – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Atina" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Афина – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Афина" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8F%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఏథెన్స్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఏథెన్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เอเธนส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอเธนส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80)" title="Афина (шаҳр) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Афина (шаҳр)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atina" title="Atina – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atina" title="Atina – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Atina" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C9%9Bns" title="Atɛns – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Atɛns" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Афины – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Афины" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Афіни – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Афіни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ایتھنز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایتھنز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%90%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ئافېنا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئافېنا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afinad" title="Afinad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Afinad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atina" title="Atina – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Atina" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateena" title="Ateena – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ateena" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atene" title="Atene – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Atene" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="雅典" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athene" title="Athene – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Athene" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Atenas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aten" title="Aten – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Aten" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="雅典" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="אטען – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אטען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81t%C3%A9n%C3%AC" title="Áténì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Áténì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雅典" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%AAna" title="Atêna – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Atêna" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athene" title="Athene – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Athene" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atien%C4%81" title="Atienā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Atienā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雅典" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A8ne" title="Atène – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Atène" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena" title="Athena – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Athena" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Athens" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athena" title="Athena – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Athena" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afina" title="Afina – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Afina" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴰⵜⵉⵏⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵜⵉⵏⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1524#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Athens" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements 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.infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Athens</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Αθήνα</span></span>, <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Athína</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/L%27Olympieion_%28Ath%C3%A8nes%29_%2830776483926%29.jpg/206px-L%27Olympieion_%28Ath%C3%A8nes%29_%2830776483926%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/L%27Olympieion_%28Ath%C3%A8nes%29_%2830776483926%29.jpg/274px-L%27Olympieion_%28Ath%C3%A8nes%29_%2830776483926%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Athens" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens">Temple of Olympian Zeus</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Griechisches_Parlament_nachts_(Zuschnitt).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Griechisches_Parlament_nachts_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/149px-Griechisches_Parlament_nachts_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens_%28Metropolis_of_Athens%29_in_April_2019.jpg/125px-The_Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens_%28Metropolis_of_Athens%29_in_April_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens_%28Metropolis_of_Athens%29_in_April_2019.jpg/188px-The_Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens_%28Metropolis_of_Athens%29_in_April_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens_%28Metropolis_of_Athens%29_in_April_2019.jpg/250px-The_Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens_%28Metropolis_of_Athens%29_in_April_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5599" data-file-height="3999" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens" title="Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens">Metropolitan Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:156px;max-width:156px"><div style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52036972429.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52036972429.jpg/154px-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52036972429.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52036972429.jpg/231px-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52036972429.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52036972429.jpg/308px-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52036972429.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5030" data-file-height="3354" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center">Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akademie_von_Athen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Akademie_von_Athen.jpg/120px-Akademie_von_Athen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Akademie_von_Athen.jpg/180px-Akademie_von_Athen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Akademie_von_Athen.jpg/240px-Akademie_von_Athen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11314" data-file-height="9749" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Academy of Athens</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:185px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monastiraki_Square_and_Acropolis_in_Athens_(44149181684).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Monastiraki_Square_and_Acropolis_in_Athens_%2844149181684%29.jpg/278px-Monastiraki_Square_and_Acropolis_in_Athens_%2844149181684%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Monastiraki_Square_and_Acropolis_in_Athens_%2844149181684%29.jpg/417px-Monastiraki_Square_and_Acropolis_in_Athens_%2844149181684%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Monastiraki_Square_and_Acropolis_in_Athens_%2844149181684%29.jpg/556px-Monastiraki_Square_and_Acropolis_in_Athens_%2844149181684%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Monastiraki" title="Monastiraki">Monastiraki square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis of Athens</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Athens,_Greece-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Athens"><img alt="Flag of Athens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Athens%2C_Greece-en.svg/100px-Flag_of_Athens%2C_Greece-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Athens%2C_Greece-en.svg/150px-Flag_of_Athens%2C_Greece-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Athens%2C_Greece-en.svg/200px-Flag_of_Athens%2C_Greece-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Athens_(English_Version).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Athens"><img alt="Official seal of Athens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Coat_of_Arms_of_Athens_%28English_Version%29.svg/83px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Athens_%28English_Version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Coat_of_Arms_of_Athens_%28English_Version%29.svg/125px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Athens_%28English_Version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Coat_of_Arms_of_Athens_%28English_Version%29.svg/167px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Athens_%28English_Version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="346" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">τὸ κλεινὸν ἄστυ</span></span> (<span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">tò kleinòn ásty</i></span>, "the glorious city")<br /><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">τὸ ἰοστεφὲς ἄστυ</span></span> (<span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">tò iostephès ásty</i></span>, "the <a href="/wiki/City_of_the_Violet_Crown" title="City of the Violet Crown">violet-crowned city</a>") <br /> The City of Wisdom<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />City of Reason<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greece_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Athens is located in Greece"><img alt="Athens is located in Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.268%;left:42.852%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Athens"><img alt="Athens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Athens</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Greece</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Greece</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Athens is located in Balkans"><img alt="Athens is located in Balkans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:79.198%;left:63.641%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Athens"><img alt="Athens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Athens</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Europe</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Balkans</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Athens is located in Europe"><img alt="Athens is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:89.97%;left:61.272%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Athens"><img alt="Athens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Athens</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Athens (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Athens&params=37_59_03_N_23_43_41_E_type:city(643452)_region:GR-H"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°59′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">23°43′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.98417°N 23.72806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.98417; 23.72806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Geographic regions of Greece">Geographic region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_Greece_(geographic_region)" title="Central Greece (geographic region)">Central Greece</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative regions of Greece">Administrative region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">Attica</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Regional unit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="Central Athens (regional unit)">Central Athens</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Districts</th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>7</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Athens" title="List of mayors of Athens">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Haris_Doukas" title="Haris Doukas">Haris Doukas</a><sup id="cite_ref-mayor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/PASOK_%E2%80%93_Movement_for_Change" title="PASOK – Movement for Change">PASOK</a></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Capital city and municipality</div></th><td class="infobox-data">38.964 km<sup>2</sup> (15.044 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">412 km<sup>2</sup> (159 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,928.717 km<sup>2</sup> (1,130.784 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">338 m (1,109 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">70.1 m (230.0 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-census21_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Capital city and municipality</div></th><td class="infobox-data">643,452</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Greece">1st</a> urban, 1st metro in Greece</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,059,764</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">7,400/km<sup>2</sup> (19,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,638,281</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200/km<sup>2</sup> (3,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Athenian" class="extiw" title="wikt:Athenian">Athenian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2022)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">€97 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€25,800</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_European_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="East European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Greece" title="Postal codes in Greece">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">10x xx, 11x xx, 120 xx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Greece" title="Telephone numbers in Greece">Telephone</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Greece" title="Vehicle registration plates of Greece">Yxx, Zxx, Ixx</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patron saint</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius the Areopagite</a> (3 October)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major airport(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Athens_International_Airport" title="Athens International Airport">Athens International Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cityofathens.gr">cityofathens.gr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Athens<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ATH</span>-inz</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Greece" title="List of cities and towns in Greece">largest city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. A major coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, Athens is also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">Attica region</a> and is the southernmost capital on the <a href="/wiki/European_mainland" class="mw-redirect" title="European mainland">European mainland</a>. With its urban area's population numbering over three and a quarter million, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_European_Union" title="List of urban areas in the European Union">eighth largest urban area</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipality of Athens">Municipality of Athens</a> (also City of Athens), which constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire urban area, had a population of 643,452 (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-census21_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within its official limits, and a land area of 38.96 km<sup>2</sup> (15.04 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-stat01_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat01-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-area_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Athens is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_continuously_inhabited_cities" title="List of oldest continuously inhabited cities">world's oldest cities</a>, with its <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a> spanning over 3,400 years,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its earliest human presence beginning somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">BC</a>. According to Greek mythology the city was named after <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>, the ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, but modern scholars generally agree that the goddess took her name after the city.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Classical Athens</a> was one of the most powerful <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">city-states</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>. It was a centre for democracy, the arts, education and philosophy,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was highly influential throughout the European continent, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason, it is often regarded as the <a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization" title="Cradle of civilization">cradle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Western_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Western civilization">Western civilization</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_democracy" title="History of democracy">birthplace of democracy</a> in its own right independently from the rest of Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">metropolis</a> and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. It is a <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network#Beta" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Beta (+)</a> - status <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of the biggest economic centers in Southeastern Europe. It also has a large financial sector, and its port <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> is both the 2nd busiest passenger port in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-ESPO_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPO-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 13th largest container port in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Athens_metropolitan_area,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens metropolitan area, Greece">Athens metropolitan area</a> or <i>Greater Athens</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits as well as its <a href="/wiki/Urban_Agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban Agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a>, with a population of 3,638,281 (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-census21_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over an area of 2,928.717 km<sup>2</sup> (1,131 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-area_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The heritage of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical Era</a> is still evident in the city, represented by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_monument" title="Ancient monument">ancient monuments</a>, and works of art, the most famous of all being the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a>, considered a key landmark of early <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>. The city also retains <a href="/wiki/Roman_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Greece">Roman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> and a smaller number of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> monuments, while its historical urban core features elements of continuity through its millennia of history. Athens is home to two <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis of Athens</a> and the medieval <a href="/wiki/Daphni_Monastery" title="Daphni Monastery">Daphni Monastery</a>. Athens is also home to several museums and cultural institutions, such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archeological Museum</a>, featuring the world's largest collection of ancient Greek antiquities, the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_Museum" title="Acropolis Museum">Acropolis Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Goulandris_Museum_of_Cycladic_Art" title="Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art">Museum of Cycladic Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Benaki_Museum" title="Benaki Museum">Benaki Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_and_Christian_Museum" title="Byzantine and Christian Museum">Byzantine and Christian Museum</a>. Athens was the host city of the <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">first modern-day Olympic Games</a> in 1896, and 108 years later it hosted the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>, making it one of five cities to have hosted the Summer Olympics on multiple occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-oly_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oly-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_names">Etymology and names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_European_cities_in_different_languages_(A)" title="Names of European cities in different languages (A)">Names of European cities in different languages (A)</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>, the name of the city was <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀθῆναι</span></span> (<i>Athênai</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[atʰɛ̂ːnai̯]</a></span> in <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Classical Attic</a>), which is a plural word. In earlier Greek, such as <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric Greek</a>, the name had been current in the singular form though, as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀθήνη</span></span> (<i>Athḗnē</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was possibly rendered in the plural later on, like those of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Θῆβαι</span></span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thêbai</a></i>) and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Μυκῆναι</span></span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Μukênai</a></i>). The root of the word is probably not of Greek or <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> origin,<sup id="cite_ref-Beekes2009_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beekes2009-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is possibly a remnant of the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Greek_substrate" title="Pre-Greek substrate">Pre-Greek substrate</a> of Attica.<sup id="cite_ref-Beekes2009_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beekes2009-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In antiquity, it was debated whether Athens took its name from its patron goddess <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> (<a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀθηνᾶ</span></span>, <i>Athēnâ</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀθήνη</span></span>, <i>Athḗnē</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀθάνα</span></span>, <i>Athā́nā</i>) or Athena took her name from the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Burkert1985_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burkert1985-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern scholars now generally agree that the goddess takes her name from the city,<sup id="cite_ref-Burkert1985_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burkert1985-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because the ending -<i>ene</i> is common in names of locations, but rare for personal names.<sup id="cite_ref-Burkert1985_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burkert1985-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the ancient Athenian <a href="/wiki/Founding_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding myth">founding myth</a>, Athena, the goddess of wisdom and war, competed against <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>, the God of the Seas, for patronage of the yet-unnamed city;<sup id="cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerényi1951-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they agreed that whoever gave the Athenians the better gift would become their patron<sup id="cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerényi1951-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appointed <a href="/wiki/Cecrops_I" title="Cecrops I">Cecrops</a>, the king of Athens, as the judge.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerényi1951-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the account given by <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Pseudo-Apollodorus</a>, Poseidon struck the ground with his <a href="/wiki/Trident_of_Poseidon" title="Trident of Poseidon">trident</a> and a salt water spring welled up.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerényi1951-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an alternative version of the myth from <a href="/wiki/Vergil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergil">Vergil</a>'s poem <i><a href="/wiki/Georgics" title="Georgics">Georgics</a></i>, Poseidon instead gave the Athenians the first horse.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerényi1951-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In both versions, Athena offered the Athenians the first domesticated <a href="/wiki/Olive_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive tree">olive tree</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerényi1951-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Garland2008_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland2008-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cecrops accepted this gift<sup id="cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerényi1951-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and declared Athena the patron goddess of Athens.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerényi1951-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Garland2008_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland2008-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eight different etymologies, now commonly rejected, have been proposed since the 17th century. <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lobeck" title="Christian Lobeck">Christian Lobeck</a> proposed as the root of the name the word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄθος</span></span> (<i>áthos</i>) or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄνθος</span></span> (<i>ánthos</i>) meaning "flower", to denote Athens as the "flowering city". <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Wilhelm_Ludwig_D%C3%B6derlein" title="Johann Christoph Wilhelm Ludwig Döderlein">Ludwig von Döderlein</a> proposed the stem of the verb <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">θάω</span></span>, stem θη- (<i>tháō</i>, <i>thē-</i>, "to suck") to denote Athens as having fertile soil.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athenians were called <a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">cicada</a>-wearers (Ancient Greek: <span lang="grc">Τεττιγοφόροι</span>) because they used to wear pins of golden cicadas. A symbol of being <a href="/wiki/Autochthon_(ancient_Greece)" title="Autochthon (ancient Greece)">autochthonous</a> (earth-born), because the legendary founder of Athens, <a href="/wiki/Erechtheus" title="Erechtheus">Erechtheus</a> was an autochthon or of being musicians, because the cicada is a "musician" insect.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In classical literature, the city was sometimes referred to as the <a href="/wiki/City_of_the_Violet_Crown" title="City of the Violet Crown">City of the Violet Crown</a>, first documented in Pindar's ἰοστέφανοι Ἀθᾶναι (<i>iostéphanoi Athânai</i>), or as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τὸ κλεινὸν ἄστυ</span></span> (<i>tò kleinòn ásty</i>, "the glorious city"). </p><p>During the medieval period, the name of the city was rendered once again in the singular as <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ἀθήνα</span></span>. Variant names included Setines, Satine, and Astines, all derivations involving <a href="/wiki/False_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="False splitting">false splitting</a> of prepositional phrases.<sup id="cite_ref-Bourne1887_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bourne1887-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alphonse X of Castile</a> gives the pseudo-etymology 'the one without death/ignorance'.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In Ottoman Turkish, it was called <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">آتينا</span>‎ <i>Ātīnā</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in modern Turkish, it is <i>Atina</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="historical-affiliation" style="width:23em"><div id="0.22198432740848" class="historical-affiliation-title">Historical affiliations</div><ul aria-labelledby="0.22198432740848" class="historical-affiliation-list"><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Athens" title="List of kings of Athens">Kingdom of Athens</a> 1556 BC–1068 BC</li><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">City-state of Athens</a> 1068 BC–322 BC</li><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">Hellenic League</a> 338 BC–322 BC</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Macedonia">Kingdom of Macedonia</a> 322 BC–148 BC</li><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> 146 BC–27 BC</li><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> 27 BC–395 AD</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg/21px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg/32px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg/42px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="648" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> 395–1205</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Arms_of_the_House_of_de_la_Roche.svg/13px-Arms_of_the_House_of_de_la_Roche.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Arms_of_the_House_of_de_la_Roche.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_House_of_de_la_Roche.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Arms_of_the_House_of_de_la_Roche.svg/26px-Arms_of_the_House_of_de_la_Roche.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Duchy of Athens</a> 1205–1458</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%28eight_pointed_star%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%28eight_pointed_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%28eight_pointed_star%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%28eight_pointed_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%28eight_pointed_star%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%28eight_pointed_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> 1458–1822, 1826–1832</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> 1822–present</li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244690383">.mw-parser-output .historical-affiliation{box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);font-size:88%;padding:0.5em;width:25em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ha-float-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .ha-float-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .historical-affiliation-title{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;font-size:105%;margin-bottom:2px}.mw-parser-output .historical-affiliation-list{list-style:none;margin-left:0}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .historical-affiliation{width:100%}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Athens" title="History of Athens">History of Athens</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Athens" title="Timeline of Athens">Timeline of Athens</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Classical Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Greece">Roman Greece</a></div> <p>The oldest known human presence in Athens is the Cave of Schist, which has been dated to between the 11th and 7th millennia BC.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnos.gr_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnos.gr-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 5,000 years (3000 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tung_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tung-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1400 BC, the settlement had become an important centre of the <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a> civilization, and the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis</a> was the site of a major <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenaean</a> fortress, whose remains can be recognised from sections of the characteristic <a href="/wiki/Cyclopean" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopean">Cyclopean</a> walls.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other Mycenaean centers, such as <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">Pylos</a>, it is not known whether Athens suffered destruction in about 1200 BC, an event often attributed to a <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorian</a> invasion, and the Athenians always maintained that they were pure <a href="/wiki/Ionians" title="Ionians">Ionians</a> with no Dorian element. However, Athens, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age collapse">like many other Bronze Age settlements</a>, went into economic decline for around 150 years afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> burials, in the <a href="/wiki/Kerameikos" title="Kerameikos">Kerameikos</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other locations, are often richly provided for and demonstrate that from 900 BC onwards Athens was one of the leading centres of trade and prosperity in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27Olympieion_(Ath%C3%A8nes)_(30776483926).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/L%27Olympieion_%28Ath%C3%A8nes%29_%2830776483926%29.jpg/220px-L%27Olympieion_%28Ath%C3%A8nes%29_%2830776483926%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/L%27Olympieion_%28Ath%C3%A8nes%29_%2830776483926%29.jpg/330px-L%27Olympieion_%28Ath%C3%A8nes%29_%2830776483926%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/L%27Olympieion_%28Ath%C3%A8nes%29_%2830776483926%29.jpg/440px-L%27Olympieion_%28Ath%C3%A8nes%29_%2830776483926%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Athens" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens">Temple of Olympian Zeus</a>, conceived by the sons of <a href="/wiki/Peisistratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peisistratus">Peisistratus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athenian_Agora_(3358219222).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Athenian_Agora_%283358219222%29.jpg/220px-Athenian_Agora_%283358219222%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Athenian_Agora_%283358219222%29.jpg/330px-Athenian_Agora_%283358219222%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Athenian_Agora_%283358219222%29.jpg/440px-Athenian_Agora_%283358219222%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Agora_of_Athens" title="Ancient Agora of Athens">Ancient Agora of Athens</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By the sixth century BC, widespread social unrest led to the reforms of <a href="/wiki/Solon" title="Solon">Solon</a>. These would pave the way for the eventual introduction of democracy by <a href="/wiki/Cleisthenes" title="Cleisthenes">Cleisthenes</a> in 508 BC. Athens had by this time become a significant naval power with a large fleet, and helped the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Revolt" title="Ionian Revolt">rebellion of the Ionian cities</a> against <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> rule. In the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Greco-Persian Wars</a> Athens, together with Sparta, led the coalition of Greek states that would eventually repel the Persians, defeating them decisively at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marathon" title="Battle of Marathon">Marathon</a> in 490 BC, and crucially at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Salamis</a> in 480 BC. However, this did not prevent Athens from being <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_destruction_of_Athens" title="Achaemenid destruction of Athens">captured and sacked twice</a> by the Persians within one year, after a heroic but ultimately failed resistance at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thermopylae" title="Battle of Thermopylae">Thermopylae</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartans</a> and other Greeks led by <a href="/wiki/Leonidas_I" title="Leonidas I">King Leonidas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after both <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a> fell to the Persians. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-no.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-no.svg/220px-Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-no.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-no.svg/330px-Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-no.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-no.svg/440px-Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-no.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a> under the leadership of Athens before the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a> in 431 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The decades that followed became known as the <a href="/wiki/Fifth-century_Athens" title="Fifth-century Athens">Golden Age of Athenian democracy</a>, during which time Athens became the leading city of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>, with its cultural achievements laying the foundations for <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western civilization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The playwrights <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> flourished in Athens during this time, as did the historians <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a>, the physician <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a>, and the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a>. Guided by <a href="/wiki/Pericles" title="Pericles">Pericles</a>, who promoted the arts and fostered democracy, Athens embarked on an ambitious building program that saw the construction of the Acropolis of Athens (including the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a>), as well as empire-building via the <a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a>. Originally intended as an association of <a href="/wiki/Greek_city-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek city-state">Greek city-states</a> to continue the fight against the Persians, the league soon turned into a vehicle for Athens's own imperial ambitions. The resulting tensions brought about the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a> (431–404 BC), in which Athens was defeated by its rival Sparta.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/220px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/330px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/440px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis</a> hill in Athens</figcaption></figure> <p>By the mid-4th century BC, the northern Greek kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a> was becoming dominant in Athenian affairs. In 338 BC the armies of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a> defeated an alliance of some of the Greek city-states including Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea. Later, under Rome, Athens was given the status of a <a href="/wiki/Free_city_(classical_antiquity)" title="Free city (classical antiquity)">free city</a> because of its widely admired schools. In the second century AD, the Roman emperor Hadrian, himself an Athenian citizen,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ordered the construction of a library, a gymnasium, an aqueduct which is still in use, several temples and sanctuaries, a bridge and financed the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Athens" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens">Temple of Olympian Zeus</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus_on_September_13,_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/The_Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus_on_September_13%2C_2020.jpg/220px-The_Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus_on_September_13%2C_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/The_Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus_on_September_13%2C_2020.jpg/330px-The_Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus_on_September_13%2C_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/The_Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus_on_September_13%2C_2020.jpg/440px-The_Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus_on_September_13%2C_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus" title="Odeon of Herodes Atticus">Odeon of Herodes Atticus</a> built in AD 161 by <a href="/wiki/Herodes_Atticus" title="Herodes Atticus">Herodes Atticus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Clocktower_of_Andronicus_Cyrrhestes_(Tower_of_the_Winds)_at_night_on_May_19,_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Clocktower_of_Andronicus_Cyrrhestes_%28Tower_of_the_Winds%29_at_night_on_May_19%2C_2021.jpg/220px-The_Clocktower_of_Andronicus_Cyrrhestes_%28Tower_of_the_Winds%29_at_night_on_May_19%2C_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Clocktower_of_Andronicus_Cyrrhestes_%28Tower_of_the_Winds%29_at_night_on_May_19%2C_2021.jpg/330px-The_Clocktower_of_Andronicus_Cyrrhestes_%28Tower_of_the_Winds%29_at_night_on_May_19%2C_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Clocktower_of_Andronicus_Cyrrhestes_%28Tower_of_the_Winds%29_at_night_on_May_19%2C_2021.jpg/440px-The_Clocktower_of_Andronicus_Cyrrhestes_%28Tower_of_the_Winds%29_at_night_on_May_19%2C_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_the_Winds" title="Tower of the Winds">Tower of the Winds</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Agora" title="Roman Agora">Roman Agora</a>, the second commercial centre of ancient Athens</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 4th century AD, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> began to be governed from <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, and with the construction and expansion of the imperial city, many of Athens's works of art were taken by the emperors to adorn it. The Empire became Christianized, and the use of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> declined in favour of exclusive use of <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Greek</a>; in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_period_(chronology)" title="Roman imperial period (chronology)">Roman imperial period</a>, both languages had been used. In the later Roman period, Athens was ruled by the emperors continuing until the 13th century, its citizens identifying themselves as citizens of the Roman Empire ("<i><a href="/wiki/Rhomaioi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhomaioi">Rhomaioi</a></i>"). The conversion of the empire from paganism to Christianity greatly affected Athens, resulting in reduced reverence for the city.<sup id="cite_ref-tung_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tung-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancient monuments such as the Parthenon, Erechtheion and the Hephaisteion (Theseion) were converted into churches. As the empire became increasingly anti-pagan, Athens became a provincial town and experienced fluctuating fortunes. </p><p>The city remained an important center of learning, especially of <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a>—with notable pupils including <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a> and emperor <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 355–363</span>)—and consequently a center of paganism. Christian items do not appear in the archaeological record until the early 5th century.<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sack of the city by the Herules in 267 and by the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> under their king <a href="/wiki/Alaric_I" title="Alaric I">Alaric I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 395–410</span>) in 396, however, dealt a heavy blow to the city's fabric and fortunes, and Athens was henceforth confined to a small fortified area that embraced a fraction of the ancient city.<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 527–565</span>) banned the teaching of philosophy by pagans in 529,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an event whose impact on the city is much debated,<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is generally taken to mark the end of the ancient history of Athens. Athens was sacked by the <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> in 582, but remained in imperial hands thereafter, as highlighted by the visit of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 641–668</span>) in 662/3 and its inclusion in the <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Hellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Hellas">Theme of Hellas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Byzantine Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Duchy of Athens</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:At_the_Byzantine_Monastery_of_Daphni_on_October_31,_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/At_the_Byzantine_Monastery_of_Daphni_on_October_31%2C_2019.jpg/220px-At_the_Byzantine_Monastery_of_Daphni_on_October_31%2C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/At_the_Byzantine_Monastery_of_Daphni_on_October_31%2C_2019.jpg/330px-At_the_Byzantine_Monastery_of_Daphni_on_October_31%2C_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/At_the_Byzantine_Monastery_of_Daphni_on_October_31%2C_2019.jpg/440px-At_the_Byzantine_Monastery_of_Daphni_on_October_31%2C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5984" data-file-height="3989" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Daphni_Monastery" title="Daphni Monastery">Daphni Monastery</a>, an eleventh-century <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> monastery northwest of central Athens designated <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city was threatened by <a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracen</a> raids in the 8th–9th centuries—in 896, Athens was raided and possibly occupied for a short period, an event which left some archaeological remains and elements of Arabic ornamentation in contemporary buildings<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—but there is also evidence of a mosque existing in the city at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the great dispute over <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a>, Athens is commonly held to have supported the <a href="/wiki/Iconophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Iconophile">iconophile</a> position, chiefly due to the role played by Empress <a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene of Athens</a> in the ending of the first period of Iconoclasm at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a> in 787.<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_44-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few years later, another Athenian, <a href="/wiki/Theophano_of_Athens" title="Theophano of Athens">Theophano</a>, became empress as the wife of <a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a> (r. 811–812).<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_44-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Invasion of the empire by the Turks after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert" title="Battle of Manzikert">Battle of Manzikert</a> in 1071, and the ensuing civil wars, largely passed the region by and Athens continued its provincial existence unharmed. When the Byzantine Empire was rescued by the resolute leadership of the three <a href="/wiki/Komnenos" title="Komnenos">Komnenos</a> emperors <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_II_Komnenos" title="John II Komnenos">John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel</a>, Attica and the rest of Greece prospered. Archaeological evidence tells us that the medieval town experienced a period of rapid and sustained growth, starting in the 11th century and continuing until the end of the 12th century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg/220px-Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg/330px-Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg/440px-Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1226" data-file-height="906" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of the <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Tower_(Acropolis_of_Athens)" title="Frankish Tower (Acropolis of Athens)">Frankish Tower of the Acropolis of Athens</a> in 1874, with the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Propylaea_(Acropolis_of_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Propylaea (Acropolis of Athens)">Propylaea</a> and view west over the Athenian plain towards <a href="/wiki/Mount_Aigaleo" title="Mount Aigaleo">Mount Aigaleo</a> before it demolished in 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Agora_of_Athens" title="Ancient Agora of Athens">Agora</a> (marketplace) had been deserted since late antiquity, began to be built over, and soon the town became an important centre for the production of soaps and dyes. The growth of the town attracted the <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venetians</a>, and various other traders who frequented the ports of the Aegean, to Athens. This interest in trade appears to have further increased the economic prosperity of the town. </p><p>The 11th and 12th centuries were the Golden Age of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a> in Athens. Almost all of the most important Middle Byzantine churches in and around Athens were built during these two centuries, and this reflects the growth of the town in general. However, this medieval prosperity was not to last. In 1204, the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> conquered Athens and the city was not recovered from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Latins</a> before it was taken by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turks</a>. It did not become Greek in government again until the 19th century. </p><p>From 1204 until 1458, Athens was ruled by Latins in three separate periods, following the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>. The "Latins", or "<a href="/wiki/Franks_(Crusaders)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franks (Crusaders)">Franks</a>", were western Europeans and followers of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> brought to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> during the Crusades. Along with rest of Byzantine Greece, Athens was part of the series of feudal <a href="/wiki/Fiefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiefs">fiefs</a>, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> established in <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a> after the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>. This period is known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Frankokratia" title="Frankokratia">Frankokratia</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_Athens">Ottoman Athens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ottoman Athens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tzistarakis_Mosque_on_March_7,_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Tzistarakis_Mosque_on_March_7%2C_2020.jpg/220px-Tzistarakis_Mosque_on_March_7%2C_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Tzistarakis_Mosque_on_March_7%2C_2020.jpg/330px-Tzistarakis_Mosque_on_March_7%2C_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Tzistarakis_Mosque_on_March_7%2C_2020.jpg/440px-Tzistarakis_Mosque_on_March_7%2C_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tzistarakis_Mosque" title="Tzistarakis Mosque">Tzistarakis Mosque</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> mosque, built in 1759, in <a href="/wiki/Monastiraki" title="Monastiraki">Monastiraki</a> Square</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peytier_-_Mosque_in_the_Parthenon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Peytier_-_Mosque_in_the_Parthenon.jpg/220px-Peytier_-_Mosque_in_the_Parthenon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Peytier_-_Mosque_in_the_Parthenon.jpg/330px-Peytier_-_Mosque_in_the_Parthenon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Peytier_-_Mosque_in_the_Parthenon.jpg/440px-Peytier_-_Mosque_in_the_Parthenon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="928" /></a><figcaption>The second <a href="/wiki/Parthenon_mosque" title="Parthenon mosque">Parthenon mosque</a> in the ruined <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a>, which was destroyed by a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Acropolis_(1687)" title="Siege of the Acropolis (1687)">Venetian bombardment in 1687</a>, depicted by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Peytier" title="Pierre Peytier">Pierre Peytier</a> in the 1830s</figcaption></figure> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> attack on Athens, which involved a short-lived occupation of the town, came in 1397, under the Ottoman generals <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaqub_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaqub Pasha (page does not exist)">Yaqub Pasha</a> and Timurtash.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, in 1458, Athens was captured by the Ottomans under the personal leadership of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Ottoman Sultan rode into the city, he was greatly struck by the beauty of its ancient monuments and issued a <i><a href="/wiki/Firman" title="Firman">firman</a></i> (imperial edict) forbidding their looting or destruction, on pain of death. The <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> was converted into the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon_mosque" title="Parthenon mosque">main mosque</a> of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-tung_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tung-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Ottoman rule, Athens was denuded of any importance and its population severely declined, leaving it as a "small country town" (<a href="/wiki/Franz_Babinger" title="Franz Babinger">Franz Babinger</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the early 17th century, Athens came under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Kizlar_Agha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kizlar Agha">Kizlar Agha</a>, the chief black eunuch of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Harem" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Harem">Sultan's harem</a>. The city had originally been granted by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_I" title="Ahmed I">Ahmed I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1603–1617</span>) to Basilica, one of his favourite concubines, who hailed from the city, in response of complaints of maladministration by the local governors. After her death, Athens came under the purview of the Kizlar Agha.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Turks began a practice of storing gunpowder and explosives in the Parthenon and <a href="/wiki/Propylaea_(Acropolis_of_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Propylaea (Acropolis of Athens)">Propylaea</a>. In 1640, a lightning bolt struck the Propylaea, causing its destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1687, during the <a href="/wiki/Morean_War" title="Morean War">Morean War</a>, the Acropolis <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Acropolis_(1687)" title="Siege of the Acropolis (1687)">was besieged</a> by the Venetians under <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Morosini" title="Francesco Morosini">Francesco Morosini</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_Nike" title="Temple of Athena Nike">temple of Athena Nike</a> was dismantled by the Ottomans to fortify the Parthenon. A shot fired during the bombardment of the Acropolis caused a powder magazine in the Parthenon to explode (26 September), and the building was severely damaged, giving it largely the appearance it has today. The Venetian occupation of Athens lasted for six months, and both the Venetians and the Ottomans participated in the looting of the Parthenon. One of its western pediments was removed, causing even more damage to the structure.<sup id="cite_ref-tung_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tung-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EI2_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Venetian occupation, the two mosques of the city were converted into Catholic and Protestant churches, but on 9 April 1688 the Venetians abandoned Athens again to the Ottomans.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Greece">Republic of Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_v_Hess_Empfang_K%C3%B6nig_Otto_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Peter_v_Hess_Empfang_K%C3%B6nig_Otto_%281%29.jpg/220px-Peter_v_Hess_Empfang_K%C3%B6nig_Otto_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Peter_v_Hess_Empfang_K%C3%B6nig_Otto_%281%29.jpg/330px-Peter_v_Hess_Empfang_K%C3%B6nig_Otto_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Peter_v_Hess_Empfang_K%C3%B6nig_Otto_%281%29.jpg/440px-Peter_v_Hess_Empfang_K%C3%B6nig_Otto_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3435" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><i>The Entry of <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Greece" title="Otto of Greece">King Otto</a> in Athens</i>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_von_Hess" title="Peter von Hess">Peter von Hess</a>, 1839</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1822, a Greek insurgency captured the city, but it fell to the Ottomans again in 1826 (though Acropolis held till June 1827). Again the ancient monuments suffered badly. The Ottoman forces remained in possession until March 1833, when they withdrew. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Kingdom">Greek Kingdom</a>, Athens was chosen to replace <a href="/wiki/Nafplio" title="Nafplio">Nafplio</a> as the second capital of the newly independent Greek state in 1834, largely because of historical and sentimental reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, after the extensive destruction it had suffered during the war of independence, it was reduced to a town of about 4,000 people (less than half its earlier population) in a loose swarm of houses along the foot of the Acropolis. The first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Greece">King of Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Greece" title="Otto of Greece">King Otto</a> of Bavaria, commissioned the architects <a href="/wiki/Stamatios_Kleanthis" title="Stamatios Kleanthis">Stamatios Kleanthis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Schaubert" title="Eduard Schaubert">Eduard Schaubert</a> to design a modern city plan fit for the capital of a state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg/220px-Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg/330px-Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg/440px-Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Flame" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Flame">Olympic Flame</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony" title="2004 Summer Olympics opening ceremony">opening ceremony</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first modern city plan consisted of a triangle defined by the Acropolis, the ancient cemetery of <a href="/wiki/Kerameikos" title="Kerameikos">Kerameikos</a> and the new palace of the Bavarian king (now housing the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Parliament">Greek Parliament</a>), so as to highlight the continuity between modern and ancient Athens. Neoclassicism, the international style of this epoch, was the architectural style through which Bavarian, French and Greek architects such as Hansen, Klenze, Boulanger or Kaftantzoglou designed the first important public buildings of the new capital.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1896, Athens hosted the first modern <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>. During the 1920s a number of <a href="/wiki/Greek_refugees" title="Greek refugees">Greek refugees</a>, expelled from <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">Population exchange between Greece and Turkey</a>, swelled Athens's population; nevertheless it was most particularly following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and from the 1950s and 1960s, that the population of the city exploded,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and Athens experienced a gradual expansion. </p><p>In the 1980s, it became evident that smog from factories and an ever-increasing fleet of automobiles, as well as a lack of adequate free space due to congestion, had evolved into the city's most important challenge.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A series of anti-pollution measures taken by the city's authorities in the 1990s, combined with a substantial improvement of the city's infrastructure (including the <a href="/wiki/Attiki_Odos" title="Attiki Odos">Attiki Odos</a> motorway, the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro" title="Athens Metro">Athens Metro</a>, and the new <a href="/wiki/Athens_International_Airport" title="Athens International Airport">Athens International Airport</a>), considerably alleviated pollution and transformed Athens into a much more functional city. In 2004, Athens hosted the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens,_Greece_ESA24382014.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Athens%2C_Greece_ESA24382014.jpeg/220px-Athens%2C_Greece_ESA24382014.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Athens%2C_Greece_ESA24382014.jpeg/330px-Athens%2C_Greece_ESA24382014.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Athens%2C_Greece_ESA24382014.jpeg/440px-Athens%2C_Greece_ESA24382014.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="3149" /></a><figcaption>The Athens Urban Area within the Attica Basin from space</figcaption></figure> <p>Athens sprawls across the central plain of Attica that is often referred to as the <b>Athens Basin</b> or the <b>Attica Basin</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Λεκανοπέδιο Αθηνών/Αττικής</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Lekanopédio Athinón/Attikís</i></span>). The basin is bounded by four large mountains: <a href="/wiki/Mount_Aigaleo" title="Mount Aigaleo">Mount Aigaleo</a> to the west, Mount <a href="/wiki/Parnitha" title="Parnitha">Parnitha</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pentelicus" title="Mount Pentelicus">Mount Pentelicus</a> to the northeast and Mount <a href="/wiki/Hymettus" title="Hymettus">Hymettus</a> to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-Focus_on_Athens_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Focus_on_Athens-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond Mount Aegaleo lies the <a href="/wiki/Thriasian_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Thriasian plain">Thriasian plain</a>, which forms an extension of the central plain to the west. The <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Gulf" title="Saronic Gulf">Saronic Gulf</a> lies to the southwest. Mount Parnitha is the tallest of the four mountains (1,413 m (4,636 ft)),<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been declared a <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a>. The Athens urban area spreads over 50 kilometres (31 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Agios_Stefanos,_Attica" title="Agios Stefanos, Attica">Agios Stefanos</a> in the north to <a href="/wiki/Varkiza" title="Varkiza">Varkiza</a> in the south. The city is located in the north temperate zone, 38 degrees north of the equator. </p><p>Athens is built around a large number of hills. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lycabettus" title="Mount Lycabettus">Lycabettus</a> is one of the tallest hills of the city proper and provides a view of the entire Attica Basin. The meteorology of Athens is deemed to be one of the most complex in the world because its mountains cause a <a href="/wiki/Inversion_(meteorology)" title="Inversion (meteorology)">temperature inversion</a> phenomenon which, along with the Greek government's difficulties controlling industrial pollution, was responsible for the air pollution problems the city has faced.<sup id="cite_ref-tung_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tung-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This issue is not unique to Athens; for instance, Los Angeles and <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> also suffer from similar atmospheric inversion problems.<sup id="cite_ref-tung_36-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tung-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(Athenian_plain)" title="Cephissus (Athenian plain)">Cephissus</a> river, the <a href="/wiki/Ilisos" title="Ilisos">Ilisos</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eridanos_(Athens)" title="Eridanos (Athens)">Eridanos</a> stream are the historical rivers of Athens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smog_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Smog_Athens.jpg/220px-Smog_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Smog_Athens.jpg/330px-Smog_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Smog_Athens.jpg/440px-Smog_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="1319" /></a><figcaption>Smog in Athens</figcaption></figure> <p>By the late 1970s, the pollution of Athens had become so destructive that according to the then Greek <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Culture_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Culture (Greece)">Minister of Culture</a>, Constantine Trypanis, "...the carved details on the five the caryatids of the <a href="/wiki/Erechtheum" class="mw-redirect" title="Erechtheum">Erechtheum</a> had seriously degenerated, while the face of the horseman on the Parthenon's west side was all but obliterated."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of measures taken by the authorities of the city throughout the 1990s resulted in the improvement of air quality; the appearance of smog (or <i>nefos</i> as the Athenians used to call it) has become less common. </p><p>Measures taken by the Greek authorities throughout the 1990s have improved the quality of air over the Attica Basin. Nevertheless, air pollution still remains an issue for Athens, particularly during the hottest summer days. In late June 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-outraged_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outraged-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Attica region experienced a number of <a href="/wiki/2007_Greek_forest_fires" title="2007 Greek forest fires">brush fires</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-outraged_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outraged-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a blaze that burned a significant portion of a large forested national park in <a href="/wiki/Parnitha" title="Parnitha">Mount Parnitha</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ypexode_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ypexode-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> considered critical to maintaining a better air quality in Athens all year round.<sup id="cite_ref-outraged_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outraged-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damage to the park has led to worries over a stalling in the improvement of air quality in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-outraged_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outraged-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major waste management efforts undertaken in the last decade (particularly the plant built on the small island of Psytalia) have greatly improved <a href="/wiki/Water_quality" title="Water quality">water quality</a> in the Saronic Gulf, and the coastal waters of Athens are now accessible again to swimmers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parks_and_zoos">Parks and zoos</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Parks and zoos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedion_Areos08_25_05_623000.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pedion_Areos08_25_05_623000.jpeg/220px-Pedion_Areos08_25_05_623000.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pedion_Areos08_25_05_623000.jpeg/330px-Pedion_Areos08_25_05_623000.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pedion_Areos08_25_05_623000.jpeg/440px-Pedion_Areos08_25_05_623000.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pedion_tou_Areos" title="Pedion tou Areos">Pedion tou Areos</a> park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20140410_60_Athens_National_Gardens_(13824726745).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/20140410_60_Athens_National_Gardens_%2813824726745%29.jpg/220px-20140410_60_Athens_National_Gardens_%2813824726745%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/20140410_60_Athens_National_Gardens_%2813824726745%29.jpg/330px-20140410_60_Athens_National_Gardens_%2813824726745%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/20140410_60_Athens_National_Gardens_%2813824726745%29.jpg/440px-20140410_60_Athens_National_Gardens_%2813824726745%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The entrance of the <a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="National Garden of Athens">National Gardens</a>, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Amalia_of_Oldenburg" title="Amalia of Oldenburg">Queen Amalia</a> in 1838 and completed by 1840</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Parnitha" title="Parnitha">Parnitha</a> National Park is punctuated by well-marked paths, gorges, springs, torrents and caves dotting the protected area. Hiking and mountain-biking in all four mountains are popular outdoor activities for residents of the city. The <a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="National Garden of Athens">National Garden of Athens</a> was completed in 1840 and is a green refuge of 15.5 hectares in the centre of the Greek capital. It is to be found between the Parliament and <a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a> buildings, the latter of which maintains its own garden of seven hectares. Parts of the City Centre have been redeveloped under a masterplan called the <i>Unification of Archeological Sites of Athens</i>, which has also gathered funding from the EU to help enhance the project.<sup id="cite_ref-EUfund_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUfund-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The landmark <a href="/wiki/Dionysiou_Areopagitou_Street" title="Dionysiou Areopagitou Street">Dionysiou Areopagitou Street</a> has been pedestrianised, forming a scenic route. The route starts from the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus_(Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus (Athens)">Temple of Olympian Zeus</a> at Vasilissis Olgas Avenue, continues under the southern slopes of the Acropolis near <a href="/wiki/Plaka" title="Plaka">Plaka</a>, and finishes just beyond the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Temple of Hephaestus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thiseio" title="Thiseio">Thiseio</a>. The route in its entirety provides visitors with views of the Parthenon and the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Agora_of_Athens" title="Ancient Agora of Athens">Agora</a> (the meeting point of ancient Athenians), away from the busy City Centre. </p><p>The hills of Athens also provide green space. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lycabettus" title="Mount Lycabettus">Lycabettus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philopappos_Monument" title="Philopappos Monument">Philopappos hill</a> and the area around it, including <a href="/wiki/Pnyx" title="Pnyx">Pnyx</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardettos_hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardettos hill (page does not exist)">Ardettos hill</a>, are planted with pines and other trees, with the character of a small forest rather than typical metropolitan parkland. Also to be found is the <a href="/wiki/Pedion_tou_Areos" title="Pedion tou Areos">Pedion tou Areos</a> (<i>Field of Mars</i>) of 27.7 hectares, near the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum</a>. Athens' largest zoo is the <a href="/wiki/Attica_Zoological_Park" title="Attica Zoological Park">Attica Zoological Park</a>, a 20-hectare (49-acre) private zoo located in the suburb of Spata. The zoo is home to around 2000 animals representing 400 species, and is open 365 days a year. Smaller zoos exist within public gardens or parks, such as the zoo within the National Garden of Athens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens_and_Mount_Lycabettus_from_the_Areopagus_on_July_22,_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Athens_and_Mount_Lycabettus_from_the_Areopagus_on_July_22%2C_2019.jpg/220px-Athens_and_Mount_Lycabettus_from_the_Areopagus_on_July_22%2C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Athens_and_Mount_Lycabettus_from_the_Areopagus_on_July_22%2C_2019.jpg/330px-Athens_and_Mount_Lycabettus_from_the_Areopagus_on_July_22%2C_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Athens_and_Mount_Lycabettus_from_the_Areopagus_on_July_22%2C_2019.jpg/440px-Athens_and_Mount_Lycabettus_from_the_Areopagus_on_July_22%2C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Sunrise in Athens</figcaption></figure> <p>Athens has a hot-summer <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>Csa</i>). The climate in Athens can be considered warmer than some cities that are similar or even less distant from the equator such as Seoul, Melbourne, Buenos Aires, Cape Town and Norfolk (Virgina, US). According to the meteorological station near the city center which is operated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a>, the downtown area has simple mean annual temperature of 19.2 °C (66.6 °F) while parts of the urban agglomeration may reach up to 19.8 °C (67.6 °F), being affected by the <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a> effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_Atlas_of_Greece_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_Atlas_of_Greece-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athens receives about 433.1 millimetres (17.05 in) of precipitation per year, largely concentrated during the colder half of the year with the remaining rainfall falling sparsely, mainly during thunderstorms. <a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">Fog</a> is rare in the city center, but somewhat more frequent in areas to the east, close to mount <a href="/wiki/Hymettus" title="Hymettus">Hymettus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Practical_Information_About_Athens_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Practical_Information_About_Athens-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The southern section of the <a href="/wiki/Athens_metropolitan_area" title="Athens metropolitan area">Athens metropolitan area</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Elliniko" title="Elliniko">Elliniko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens_Riviera" title="Athens Riviera">Athens Riviera</a>) lies in the transitional zone between <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> (<i>Csa</i>) and hot <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> (<i>BSh</i>), with its port-city of <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> being the most extreme example, receiving just 331.9 millimetres (13.07 in) per year. The areas to the south generally see less extreme temperature variations as their climate is moderated by the <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Gulf" title="Saronic Gulf">Saronic gulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The northern part of the city (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Kifissia" title="Kifissia">Kifissia</a>), owing to its higher elevation, features moderately lower temperatures and slightly increased precipitation year-round. The generally dry climate of the Athens basin compared to the precipitation amounts seen in a typical <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> is due to the <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a> effect caused by the <a href="/wiki/Pindus" title="Pindus">Pindus</a> mountain range and the <a href="/wiki/Dirfi" title="Dirfi">Dirfys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parnitha" title="Parnitha">Parnitha</a> mountains, substantially drying the westerly<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and northerly<sup id="cite_ref-Practical_Information_About_Athens_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Practical_Information_About_Athens-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> winds respectively. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_Ancient_Agora_of_Athens_from_Apostolou_Pavlou_Pedestrian_Street_on_February_16,_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_of_the_Ancient_Agora_of_Athens_from_Apostolou_Pavlou_Pedestrian_Street_on_February_16%2C_2021.jpg/220px-View_of_the_Ancient_Agora_of_Athens_from_Apostolou_Pavlou_Pedestrian_Street_on_February_16%2C_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_of_the_Ancient_Agora_of_Athens_from_Apostolou_Pavlou_Pedestrian_Street_on_February_16%2C_2021.jpg/330px-View_of_the_Ancient_Agora_of_Athens_from_Apostolou_Pavlou_Pedestrian_Street_on_February_16%2C_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_of_the_Ancient_Agora_of_Athens_from_Apostolou_Pavlou_Pedestrian_Street_on_February_16%2C_2021.jpg/440px-View_of_the_Ancient_Agora_of_Athens_from_Apostolou_Pavlou_Pedestrian_Street_on_February_16%2C_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Snowfall in Athens on 16 February 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>Snowfall is not very common, though it occurs almost annually. It usually does not cause heavy disruption to daily life, in contrast to the northern parts of the city, where <a href="/wiki/Blizzard" title="Blizzard">blizzards</a> occur on a somewhat more regular basis. The most recent examples include the snowstorms of 16 February 2021<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 24 January 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the entire urban area was blanketed in snow. </p><p>Athens may get particularly hot in the summer, owing partly to the strong <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a> effect characterizing the city.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, Athens is considered to be the hottest city in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Europe">mainland Europe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Athens_will_be_the_first_European_city_to_appoint_a_chief_heat_officer_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Athens_will_be_the_first_European_city_to_appoint_a_chief_heat_officer-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the first city in Europe to appoint a chief heat officer to deal with severe <a href="/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">heat waves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_temperatures_in_Greece" title="List of extreme temperatures in Greece">Temperatures of 47.5°C</a> have been reported in several locations of the metropolitan area, including within the urban agglomeration. <a href="/wiki/Athens_metropolitan_area" title="Athens metropolitan area">Metropolitan Athens</a> was until 2021 the holder of the <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Europe with 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) which was recorded in the areas of <a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tatoi_Palace" title="Tatoi Palace">Tatoi</a> on 10 July 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for downtown Athens (1991–2020), Extremes (1890–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #D10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.8<br />(112.6) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td> <td style="background: #DD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.9<br />(111.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #D10000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.8<br />(112.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.7<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−6.5<br />(20.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.6<br />(2.19) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.4<br />(1.75) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.6<br />(1.80) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(1.09) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(0.81) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(0.46) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(0.42) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(0.21) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(1.02) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.8<br />(2.79) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.3<br />(3.00) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">433.1<br />(17.06) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Cosmos, scientific magazine of the <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Meteoclub<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Neos_Kosmos,_Athens" title="Neos Kosmos, Athens">Neos Kosmos</a> 85 m a.s.l. </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2<br />(106.2) </td> <td style="background: #EF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.6<br />(108.7) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.2<br />(2.09) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.5<br />(1.87) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(1.32) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(0.78) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(0.68) </td> <td style="background: #DDFFDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(0.87) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(0.24) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #DCFFDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(0.89) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(1.60) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.1<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5<br />(2.70) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">399.5<br />(15.73) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a> Monthly Bulletins (Oct 2010 - Oct 2024) <sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Neos Kosmos N.O.A station, <sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Elliniko" title="Elliniko">Elliniko</a>, coastal Athens (1955–2010), Extremes (1957–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #F50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.2<br />(108.0) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.0<br />(109.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.0<br />(109.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.7<br />(1.88) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.3<br />(1.67) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(1.00) </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(0.56) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(0.21) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(0.24) </td> <td style="background: #ECFFEC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(0.48) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.9<br />(1.81) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">366.5<br />(14.43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.9 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">95.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.0 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.9 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.2 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.2 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.8 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.6 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.8 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54.0 </td> <td style="background: #0F0FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000F5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000F0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.4 </td> <td style="background: #1717FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #BBBB44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.2 </td> <td style="background: #C2C214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.4 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.9 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">231.0 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">291.4 </td> <td style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;" class="notheme">336.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">362.7 </td> <td style="background: #F7F722; color:#000000;" class="notheme">341.0 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.7 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.0 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.1 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,773.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/HNMS" class="mw-redirect" title="HNMS">HNMS</a> (1955–2010 normals)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (Extremes 1961–1990),<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Info Climat (Extremes 1991–present)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9734.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9734.jpg/220px-%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9734.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9734.jpg/330px-%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9734.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9734.jpg/440px-%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9734.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="2984" /></a><figcaption>Athens City Hall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancien_Palais_Royal_-_Ath%C3%A8nes_(GRA1)_-_2022-03-26_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ancien_Palais_Royal_-_Ath%C3%A8nes_%28GRA1%29_-_2022-03-26_-_1.jpg/220px-Ancien_Palais_Royal_-_Ath%C3%A8nes_%28GRA1%29_-_2022-03-26_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ancien_Palais_Royal_-_Ath%C3%A8nes_%28GRA1%29_-_2022-03-26_-_1.jpg/330px-Ancien_Palais_Royal_-_Ath%C3%A8nes_%28GRA1%29_-_2022-03-26_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ancien_Palais_Royal_-_Ath%C3%A8nes_%28GRA1%29_-_2022-03-26_-_1.jpg/440px-Ancien_Palais_Royal_-_Ath%C3%A8nes_%28GRA1%29_-_2022-03-26_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5238" data-file-height="2307" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Royal_Palace" title="Old Royal Palace">Old Royal Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Athens became the capital of Greece in 1834, following <a href="/wiki/Nafplion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nafplion">Nafplion</a>, which was the provisional capital from 1829. The municipality (city) of Athens is also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">Attica</a> region. The term <i>Athens</i> can refer either to the municipality of Athens, to Greater Athens or urban area, or to the entire Athens Metropolitan Area. </p><p>The large <b>city centre</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Κέντρο της Αθήνας</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Kéntro tis Athínas</i></span>) of the Greek capital falls directly within the <b>Municipality of Athens</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Δήμος Αθηναίων</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Dímos Athinaíon</i></span>), which is the largest in population size in Greece and forms the core of the Athens urban area, followed by the <b>Municipality of <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a></b>, which forms a significant city centre on its own within the Athens urban area and it is the second largest in population size within it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athens_Urban_Area">Athens Urban Area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Athens Urban Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Athens Urban Area</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Πολεοδομικό Συγκρότημα Αθηνών</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Poleodomikó Synkrótima Athinón</i></span>), also known as <b>Urban Area of the Capital</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Πολεοδομικό Συγκρότημα Πρωτεύουσας</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Poleodomikó Synkrótima Protévousas</i></span>) or <b>Greater Athens</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ευρύτερη Αθήνα</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Evrýteri Athína</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> today consists of 40 municipalities: 35 of them divided in four regional units (<a href="/wiki/Central_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="Central Athens (regional unit)">Central Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="North Athens (regional unit)">North Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="West Athens (regional unit)">West Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="South Athens (regional unit)">South Athens</a>), and a further 5 municipalities which make up the <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_(regional_unit)" title="Piraeus (regional unit)">regional unit of Piraeus</a>. The Athens urban area spans over 412 km<sup>2</sup> (159 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-Kallikratis_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kallikratis-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a population of 3,059,764 people as of 2021. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto"> <caption><b>Athens Urban Area</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> <table style="width: 100%; font-size: 85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Regional units</a></b>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="Central Athens (regional unit)">Central Athens</a>:<br /><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#FFFFFF; color:#FFFFFF;">    </span> Athens Municipality</span><br /><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#F08080; color:#F08080;">    </span> Other municipalities</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#1E90FF; color:#1E90FF;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/North_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="North Athens (regional unit)">North Athens</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#FFFACD; color:#FFFACD;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/South_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="South Athens (regional unit)">South Athens</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#66CDAA; color:#66CDAA;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/West_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="West Athens (regional unit)">West Athens</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#A0522D; color:#A0522D;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_(regional_unit)" title="Piraeus (regional unit)">Piraeus</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens_aglomeration.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Athens_aglomeration.svg/400px-Athens_aglomeration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Athens_aglomeration.svg/600px-Athens_aglomeration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Athens_aglomeration.svg/800px-Athens_aglomeration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="366" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athens_metropolitan_area">Athens metropolitan area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Athens metropolitan area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Athens_metropolitan_area" title="Athens metropolitan area">Athens metropolitan area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens_Metropolitan_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Athens_Metropolitan_Region.svg/220px-Athens_Metropolitan_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Athens_Metropolitan_Region.svg/330px-Athens_Metropolitan_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Athens_Metropolitan_Region.svg/440px-Athens_Metropolitan_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Athens_metropolitan_area" title="Athens metropolitan area">Athens metropolitan area</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Athens metropolitan area spans 2,928.717 km<sup>2</sup> (1,131 sq mi) within the <a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">Attica region</a> and includes a total of 58 municipalities, which are organized in seven regional units (those outlined above, along with <a href="/wiki/East_Attica" title="East Attica">East Attica</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Attica" title="West Attica">West Attica</a>), having reached a population of 3,638,281 according to the 2021 census.<sup id="cite_ref-census21_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athens and Piraeus municipalities serve as the two metropolitan centres of the Athens Metropolitan Area.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also some inter-municipal centres serving specific areas. For example, <a href="/wiki/Kifissia" title="Kifissia">Kifissia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glyfada" title="Glyfada">Glyfada</a> serve as inter-municipal centres for northern and southern suburbs respectively. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%82_3473.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%82_3473.jpg/220px-%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%82_3473.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%82_3473.jpg/330px-%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%82_3473.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%82_3473.jpg/440px-%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%82_3473.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="3344" /></a><figcaption>View of Vila Atlantis, in <a href="/wiki/Kifissia" title="Kifissia">Kifissia</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ziller" title="Ernst Ziller">Ernst Ziller</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alimos_-_panoramio_(33).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Alimos_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg/220px-Alimos_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Alimos_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg/330px-Alimos_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Alimos_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg/440px-Alimos_-_panoramio_%2833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Beach in the southern suburb of <a href="/wiki/Alimos" title="Alimos">Alimos</a>, one of the many beaches in the southern coast of Athens</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metropolitan_Area,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Metropolitan Area, Greece">Athens Metropolitan Area</a> consists of 58<sup id="cite_ref-statistics1_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics1-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> densely populated municipalities, sprawling around the <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipality of Athens">Municipality of Athens</a> (the City Centre) in virtually all directions. For the Athenians, all the urban municipalities surrounding the City Centre are called suburbs. According to their geographic location in relation to the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Athens">City of Athens</a>, the suburbs are divided into four zones; the northern suburbs (including <a href="/wiki/Agios_Stefanos,_Attica" title="Agios Stefanos, Attica">Agios Stefanos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dionysos,_Greece" title="Dionysos, Greece">Dionysos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekali" title="Ekali">Ekali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nea_Erythraia" title="Nea Erythraia">Nea Erythraia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kifissia" title="Kifissia">Kifissia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kryoneri,_Attica" title="Kryoneri, Attica">Kryoneri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marousi" title="Marousi">Maroussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pefki" title="Pefki">Pefki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lykovrysi" title="Lykovrysi">Lykovrysi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorfosi" title="Metamorfosi">Metamorfosi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nea_Ionia" title="Nea Ionia">Nea Ionia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nea_Filadelfeia" title="Nea Filadelfeia">Nea Filadelfeia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irakleio,_Attica" title="Irakleio, Attica">Irakleio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrilissia" title="Vrilissia">Vrilissia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melissia" title="Melissia">Melissia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penteli,_Greece" title="Penteli, Greece">Penteli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalandri" title="Chalandri">Chalandri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agia_Paraskevi" title="Agia Paraskevi">Agia Paraskevi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerakas" title="Gerakas">Gerakas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pallini" title="Pallini">Pallini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galatsi" title="Galatsi">Galatsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychiko" title="Psychiko">Psychiko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filothei" title="Filothei">Filothei</a>); the southern suburbs (including <a href="/wiki/Alimos" title="Alimos">Alimos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nea_Smyrni" title="Nea Smyrni">Nea Smyrni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moschato" title="Moschato">Moschato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tavros" title="Tavros">Tavros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agios_Ioannis_Renti" title="Agios Ioannis Renti">Agios Ioannis Renti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agios_Dimitrios" title="Agios Dimitrios">Agios Dimitrios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaio_Faliro" title="Palaio Faliro">Palaio Faliro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellinikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellinikon">Elliniko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glyfada" title="Glyfada">Glyfada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagonisi" title="Lagonisi">Lagonisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saronida" title="Saronida">Saronida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argyroupoli" title="Argyroupoli">Argyroupoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilioupoli" title="Ilioupoli">Ilioupoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varkiza" title="Varkiza">Varkiza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voula" title="Voula">Voula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vari" title="Vari">Vari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vouliagmeni" title="Vouliagmeni">Vouliagmeni</a>); the eastern suburbs (including <a href="/wiki/Zografou" title="Zografou">Zografou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dafni,_Attica" title="Dafni, Attica">Dafni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vyronas" title="Vyronas">Vyronas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaisariani" title="Kaisariani">Kaisariani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholargos" title="Cholargos">Cholargos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papagou" title="Papagou">Papagou</a>); and the western suburbs (including <a href="/wiki/Peristeri" title="Peristeri">Peristeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilion,_Greece" title="Ilion, Greece">Ilion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egaleo" class="mw-redirect" title="Egaleo">Egaleo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koridallos" class="mw-redirect" title="Koridallos">Koridallos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agia_Varvara" title="Agia Varvara">Agia Varvara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keratsini" title="Keratsini">Keratsini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perama" title="Perama">Perama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikaia">Nikaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drapetsona" title="Drapetsona">Drapetsona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaidari" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaidari">Chaidari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroupoli" title="Petroupoli">Petroupoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agioi_Anargyroi" title="Agioi Anargyroi">Agioi Anargyroi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ano_Liosia" title="Ano Liosia">Ano Liosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aspropyrgos" title="Aspropyrgos">Aspropyrgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eleusina" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusina">Eleusina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acharnes" title="Acharnes">Acharnes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamatero" title="Kamatero">Kamatero</a>). </p><p>The Athens city coastline, extending from the major commercial port of <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> to the southernmost suburb of <a href="/wiki/Varkiza" title="Varkiza">Varkiza</a> for some 25 km (20 mi),<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is also connected to the City Centre by tram. </p><p>In the northern suburb of Maroussi, the upgraded main <a href="/wiki/Athens_Olympic_Sports_Complex" title="Athens Olympic Sports Complex">Olympic Complex</a> (known by its Greek acronym OAKA) dominates the skyline. The area has been redeveloped according to a design by the Spanish architect <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Calatrava" title="Santiago Calatrava">Santiago Calatrava</a>, with steel arches, landscaped gardens, fountains, futuristic glass, and a landmark new blue glass roof which was added to the main stadium. A second Olympic complex, next to the sea at the beach of Palaio Faliro, also features modern stadia, shops and an elevated esplanade. Work is underway to transform the grounds of the old Athens Airport – named <a href="/wiki/Ellinikon_International_Airport" title="Ellinikon International Airport">Elliniko</a> – in the southern suburbs, into one of the largest landscaped parks in Europe, to be named the <a href="/wiki/Hellenikon_Metropolitan_Park" title="Hellenikon Metropolitan Park">Hellenikon Metropolitan Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the southern suburbs (such as <a href="/wiki/Alimos" title="Alimos">Alimos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaio_Faliro" title="Palaio Faliro">Palaio Faliro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellinikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellinikon">Elliniko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glyfada" title="Glyfada">Glyfada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voula" title="Voula">Voula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vouliagmeni" title="Vouliagmeni">Vouliagmeni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Varkiza" title="Varkiza">Varkiza</a>) known as the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Riviera" title="Athens Riviera">Athens Riviera</a>, host a number of sandy beaches, most of which are operated by the <a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Tourism_Organization" title="Greek National Tourism Organization">Greek National Tourism Organisation</a> and require an entrance fee. Casinos operate on both Mount Parnitha, some 25 km (16 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from downtown Athens (accessible by car or cable car), and the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Loutraki" title="Loutraki">Loutraki</a> (accessible by car via the Athens – <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> National Highway, or the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Suburban_Railway" title="Athens Suburban Railway">Athens Suburban Railway</a>). </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-02-19_Yachthafen_Glyfada_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coastline of Palaio Faliro"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/2009-02-19_Yachthafen_Glyfada_03.jpg/800px-2009-02-19_Yachthafen_Glyfada_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/2009-02-19_Yachthafen_Glyfada_03.jpg/1200px-2009-02-19_Yachthafen_Glyfada_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/2009-02-19_Yachthafen_Glyfada_03.jpg/1600px-2009-02-19_Yachthafen_Glyfada_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7130" data-file-height="1391" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-02-19_Yachthafen_Glyfada_03.jpg" title="File:2009-02-19 Yachthafen Glyfada 03.jpg"> </a></div>Coastline of <a href="/wiki/Palaio_Faliro" title="Palaio Faliro">Palaio Faliro</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Greece" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece">List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece</a></div> <p>The concept of a <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">partner city</a> is used under different names in different countries, but they mean the same thing, that two cities in different countries assist each other as partners. Athens has quite a number of partners, whether as a "twin", a "sister", or a "partner." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_Density_in_Athens.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Population_Density_in_Athens.PNG/220px-Population_Density_in_Athens.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Population_Density_in_Athens.PNG/330px-Population_Density_in_Athens.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Population_Density_in_Athens.PNG/440px-Population_Density_in_Athens.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>Athens population distribution</figcaption></figure> <p>The Municipality of Athens has an official population of 643,452 people (in 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-census21_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Greek_census" title="2021 Greek census">2021 Population and Housing Census</a>, The four regional units that make up the former Athens prefecture have a combined population of 2,611,713 . They together with the <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_(regional_unit)" title="Piraeus (regional unit)">regional unit of Piraeus</a> (sometimes referred as Greater Piraeus) make up the dense Athens Urban Area or Greater Athens which reaches a total population of 3,059,764 inhabitants (in 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-census21_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipality (Center) of Athens is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Greece">most populous in Greece</a>, with a population of 643,452 people (in 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-census21_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an area of 38.96 km<sup>2</sup> (15.04 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-stat01_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat01-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forming the core of the Athens Urban Area within the Attica Basin. The incumbent <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Athens" title="List of mayors of Athens">Mayor of Athens</a> is Charis Doukas of PASOK. The municipality is divided into seven municipal districts which are mainly used for administrative purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-statistics_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the Athenians the most popular way of dividing the downtown is through its neighbourhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Pangrati" title="Pangrati">Pagkrati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambelokipi,_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambelokipi, Athens">Ampelokipoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goudi" title="Goudi">Goudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exarcheia" title="Exarcheia">Exarcheia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patisia" title="Patisia">Patisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilisia,_Athens" title="Ilisia, Athens">Ilisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petralona" title="Petralona">Petralona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plaka" title="Plaka">Plaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anafiotika" title="Anafiotika">Anafiotika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koukaki" title="Koukaki">Koukaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolonaki" title="Kolonaki">Kolonaki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kypseli,_Athens" title="Kypseli, Athens">Kypseli</a>, each with its own distinct history and characteristics. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> are concentrated in Acharnes, Ano Liosia, Agia Varvara, Zefeiri and Kamatero.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a large Albanian community in Athens.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_Area">Metropolitan Area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Metropolitan Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Athens Metropolitan Area, with an area of 2,928.717 km<sup>2</sup> (1,131 sq mi) and inhabited by 3,744,059 people in 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-census21_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consists of the Athens Urban Area with the addition of the towns and villages of <a href="/wiki/East_Attica" title="East Attica">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Attica" title="West Attica">West Attica</a>, which surround the dense urban area of the Greek capital. It actually sprawls over the whole peninsula of Attica, which is the best part of the <a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">region of Attica</a>, excluding the <a href="/wiki/Islands_(regional_unit)" title="Islands (regional unit)">islands</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Classification of regional units within Greater Athens, Athens Urban Area and Athens Metropolitan Area </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Regional unit</a> </th> <th>Population (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-census21_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Land Area (km2) </th> <th colspan="3">Area </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="Central Athens (regional unit)">Central Athens</a> </td> <td align="right">1,002,212 </td> <td align="right">87.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"><b>Former Athens prefecture</b> <br />2,611,713<br />364.2 km2 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><b>Athens Urban Area or Greater Athens</b> <br />3,059,764<br />414.6 km2 </td> <td rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;"><b>Athens Metropolitan Area</b><br /> 3,744,059<br />2931.6 km2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="North Athens (regional unit)">North Athens</a> </td> <td align="right">601,163 </td> <td align="right">140.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="South Athens (regional unit)">South Athens</a> </td> <td align="right">529,455 </td> <td align="right">69.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="West Athens (regional unit)">West Athens</a> </td> <td align="right">478,883 </td> <td align="right">66.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Piraeus_(regional_unit)" title="Piraeus (regional unit)">Piraeus</a> </td> <td align="right">448,051 </td> <td align="right">50.4 </td> <td align="center"><b>Piraeus regional Unit</b><br />448,051<br />50.4 km2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Attica" title="East Attica">East Attica</a> </td> <td align="right">518,755 </td> <td align="right">1,513 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Attica" title="West Attica">West Attica</a> </td> <td align="right">165,540 </td> <td align="right">1,004 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety">Safety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Athens ranks in the lowest percentage for the risk on frequency and severity of terrorist attacks according to the EU Global Terrorism Database (EIU 2007–2016 calculations). The city also ranked 35th in Digital Security, 21st on Health Security, 29th on Infrastructure Security and 41st on Personal Security globally in a 2017 The <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> report.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also ranks as a very safe city (39th globally out of 162 cities overall) on the ranking of the safest and most dangerous countries.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As November 2024 the crime index from <a href="/wiki/Numbeo" title="Numbeo">Numbeo</a> places Athens at 55.40 (moderate), while its safety index is at 44.60.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a <a href="/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)" title="Mercer (consulting firm)">Mercer</a> 2019 Quality of Living Survey, Athens ranks 89th on the Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranking.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OTE_Headquarters_(20-12-2021).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/OTE_Headquarters_%2820-12-2021%29.png/220px-OTE_Headquarters_%2820-12-2021%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/OTE_Headquarters_%2820-12-2021%29.png/330px-OTE_Headquarters_%2820-12-2021%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/OTE_Headquarters_%2820-12-2021%29.png/440px-OTE_Headquarters_%2820-12-2021%29.png 2x" data-file-width="4468" data-file-height="3245" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/OTE" title="OTE">OTE</a> headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Marousi" title="Marousi">Marousi</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology company</a> in Greece</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_-_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1_1249.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_-_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1_1249.jpg/220px-%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_-_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1_1249.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_-_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1_1249.jpg/330px-%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_-_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1_1249.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_-_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1_1249.jpg/440px-%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_-_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1_1249.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="3464" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Greece" title="National Bank of Greece">National Bank of Greece</a>, the largest Greek bank by total assets<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ermou_Street_in_the_evening._In_the_distance_the_Byzantine_Church_of_Panagia_Kapnikarea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ermou_Street_in_the_evening._In_the_distance_the_Byzantine_Church_of_Panagia_Kapnikarea.jpg/220px-Ermou_Street_in_the_evening._In_the_distance_the_Byzantine_Church_of_Panagia_Kapnikarea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ermou_Street_in_the_evening._In_the_distance_the_Byzantine_Church_of_Panagia_Kapnikarea.jpg/330px-Ermou_Street_in_the_evening._In_the_distance_the_Byzantine_Church_of_Panagia_Kapnikarea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ermou_Street_in_the_evening._In_the_distance_the_Byzantine_Church_of_Panagia_Kapnikarea.jpg/440px-Ermou_Street_in_the_evening._In_the_distance_the_Byzantine_Church_of_Panagia_Kapnikarea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5923" data-file-height="3949" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ermou_Street_(Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermou Street (Athens)">Ermou street</a>, the main commercial street of Athens</figcaption></figure> <p>Athens is the <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial capital</a> of Greece. According to data from 2014, Athens as a metropolitan economic area produced US$130 billion as GDP in <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>, which consists of nearly half of the production for the whole country. Athens was ranked 102nd in that year's list of global economic metropolises, while GDP per capita for the same year was 32,000 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Athens is one of the major economic centres in south-eastern Europe and is considered a regional economic power. The port of Piraeus, where big investments by <a href="/wiki/COSCO_Shipping" title="COSCO Shipping">COSCO</a> have already been delivered during the recent decade, the completion of the new Cargo Centre in Thriasion,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Line_4_(Athens_Metro)" title="Line 4 (Athens Metro)">expansion of the Athens Metro</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Tram" title="Athens Tram">Athens Tram</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Hellenikon_Metropolitan_Park" title="Hellenikon Metropolitan Park">Hellenikon metropolitan park</a> redevelopment in Elliniko and other urban projects, are the economic landmarks of the upcoming years. </p><p>Prominent Greek companies such as <a href="/wiki/Hellas_Sat" title="Hellas Sat">Hellas Sat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Aerospace_Industry" title="Hellenic Aerospace Industry">Hellenic Aerospace Industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mytilineos_Holdings" title="Mytilineos Holdings">Mytilineos Holdings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titan_Cement" title="Titan Cement">Titan Cement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Petroleum" title="Hellenic Petroleum">Hellenic Petroleum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papadopoulos_(biscuits)" title="Papadopoulos (biscuits)">Papadopoulos E.J.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folli_Follie" title="Folli Follie">Folli Follie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jumbo_S.A." title="Jumbo S.A.">Jumbo S.A.</a>, <a href="/wiki/OPAP" title="OPAP">OPAP</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cosmote" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmote">Cosmote</a> have their headquarters in the metropolitan area of Athens. Multinational companies such as <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teleperformance" title="Teleperformance">Teleperformance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mondelez" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondelez">Mondelez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> also have their regional research and development headquarters in the city. The banking sector is represented by <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Greece" title="National Bank of Greece">National Bank of Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Bank" title="Alpha Bank">Alpha Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurobank_Ergasias" title="Eurobank Ergasias">Eurobank</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_Bank" title="Piraeus Bank">Piraeus Bank</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Greece" title="Bank of Greece">Bank of Greece</a> is also situated in the City Centre. The <a href="/wiki/Athens_Exchange" title="Athens Exchange">Athens Stock Exchange</a> was severely hit by the <a href="/wiki/Greek_government-debt_crisis" title="Greek government-debt crisis">Greek government-debt crisis</a> and the decision of the government to proceed into <a href="/wiki/Capital_controls_in_Greece" title="Capital controls in Greece">capital controls</a> during summer 2015. As a whole the economy of Athens and Greece was strongly affected, while data showed a change from long recession to growth of 1.4% from 2017 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tourism is also a leading contributor to the economy of the city, as one of Europe's top destinations for city-break tourism, and also the gateway for excursions to both the islands and other parts of the mainland. Greece attracted 26.5 million visitors in 2015, 30.1 million visitors in 2017, and over 33 million in 2018, making Greece one of the <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_rankings#Europe" title="World Tourism rankings">most visited countries in Europe</a> and the world, and contributing 18% to the country's GDP. Athens welcomed more than 5 million tourists in 2018, and 1.4 million were "city-breakers"; this was an increase by over a million city-breakers since 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Athens has been a destination for travellers since antiquity. Over the 2000s, the city's infrastructure and social amenities have improved, in part because of its successful bid to stage the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Olympic Games</a>. The Greek Government, aided by the EU, has funded major infrastructure projects such as the state-of-the-art <a href="/wiki/Athens_International_Airport" title="Athens International Airport">Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro" title="Athens Metro">Athens Metro</a> system,<sup id="cite_ref-EUfund_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUfund-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the new <a href="/wiki/Attiki_Odos" title="Attiki Odos">Attiki Odos</a> Motorway.<sup id="cite_ref-EUfund_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUfund-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, Athens has become more dynamic with the addition of numerous new bars and cafés and a growing presence of <a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">street art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a>, enhancing its urban edge and adding more touristic options alongside the city's archaeological sites and museums.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens4_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama from Mount Lycabettus, with a view of the Panathinaiko Stadium, the Temple of Olympian Zeus, the Hellenic Parliament and the Acropolis of Athens"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Athens4_tango7174.jpg/800px-Athens4_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Athens4_tango7174.jpg/1200px-Athens4_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Athens4_tango7174.jpg/1600px-Athens4_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens4_tango7174.jpg" title="File:Athens4 tango7174.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama from Mount Lycabettus, with a view of the <a href="/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathinaiko Stadium">Panathinaiko Stadium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Athens" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens">Temple of Olympian Zeus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Hellenic Parliament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis of Athens</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_Athens" title="Public transport in Athens">Public transport in Athens</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_transport_map_of_Athens.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Public_transport_map_of_Athens.png/220px-Public_transport_map_of_Athens.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Public_transport_map_of_Athens.png/330px-Public_transport_map_of_Athens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Public_transport_map_of_Athens.png/440px-Public_transport_map_of_Athens.png 2x" data-file-width="2316" data-file-height="2316" /></a><figcaption>Athens railways network (Metro, Suburban Railway and Tram)</figcaption></figure> <p>Athens is the country's major transportation hub. The city has Greece's largest airport and its largest port; Piraeus, too, is the largest container transport port in the Mediterranean, and the largest passenger port in Europe. </p><p>Athens is a major national hub for Intercity (<a href="/wiki/KTEL_(Greece)" title="KTEL (Greece)">Ktel</a>) and international buses, as well as for domestic and international rail transport. Public transport is serviced by a variety of transportation means, making up the country's largest mass transit system. <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_Athens" title="Transport for Athens">Transport for Athens</a> operates a large bus and <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a> fleet, the city's <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro" title="Athens Metro">Metro</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Athens_Suburban_Railway" title="Athens Suburban Railway">Suburban Railway</a> service<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Athens_Tram" title="Athens Tram">tram network</a>, connecting the southern suburbs to the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus_transport">Bus transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bus transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OSY (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ΟΣΥ</span>) (Odikes Sygkoinonies S.A.), a subsidiary company of OASA (Athens urban transport organisation), is the main operator of buses and trolleybuses in Athens. As of 2017, its network consists of around 322 bus lines, spanning the Athens Metropolitan Area, and making up a fleet of 2,375 buses and trolleybuses. Of those 2,375, 619 buses run on <a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a>, making up the largest fleet of natural gas-powered buses in Europe, and 354 are electric-powered (trolleybuses). All of the 354 trolleybuses are equipped to run on diesel in case of <a href="/wiki/Power_outage" title="Power outage">power failure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>International links are provided by a number of private companies. National and regional bus links are provided by <a href="/wiki/KTEL_(Greece)" title="KTEL (Greece)">KTEL</a> from two InterCity Bus Terminals; <a href="/wiki/Athens_Peloponnese_Bus_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Peloponnese Bus Station">Kifissos Bus Terminal</a> A and <a href="/wiki/Athens_Liosion_Bus_Station" title="Athens Liosion Bus Station">Liosion Bus Terminal</a> B, both located in the north-western part of the city. <i>Kifissos</i> provides connections towards <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>, North Greece, West Greece and some <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a>, whereas <i>Liosion</i> is used for most of Central Greece. Both of these terminals will be replaced by a new Intercity Bus Terminal under construction in <a href="/wiki/Elaionas" title="Elaionas">Eleonas</a> due to be completed by 2027. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro" title="Athens Metro">Athens Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proastiakos" title="Proastiakos">Proastiakos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Athens_Tram" title="Athens Tram">Athens Tram</a></div> <p>Athens is the hub of the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Railways_Organisation" title="Hellenic Railways Organisation">country's national railway system</a> (OSE), connecting the capital with major cities across Greece and abroad (<a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Belgrade and <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens_Larissa_Station_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Athens_Larissa_Station_09.jpg/220px-Athens_Larissa_Station_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Athens_Larissa_Station_09.jpg/330px-Athens_Larissa_Station_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Athens_Larissa_Station_09.jpg/440px-Athens_Larissa_Station_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4217" data-file-height="2575" /></a><figcaption>Suburban rail (<a href="/wiki/Proastiakos" title="Proastiakos">Proastiakos</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Athens_Suburban_Railway" title="Athens Suburban Railway">Athens Suburban Railway</a>, referred to as the <i><a href="/wiki/Proastiakos" title="Proastiakos">Proastiakos</a></i>, connects Athens International Airport to the city of <a href="/wiki/Kiato" title="Kiato">Kiato</a>, 106 km (66 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-proastiakos_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proastiakos-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> west of Athens, via Larissa station, the city's central rail station and the port of Piraeus. The length of Athens's commuter rail network extends to 120 km (75 mi),<sup id="cite_ref-proastiakos_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proastiakos-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is expected to stretch to 281 km (175 mi) by 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-proastiakos_104-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proastiakos-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20140622-Anthoupoli-62D304_(7872).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/20140622-Anthoupoli-62D304_%287872%29.jpg/220px-20140622-Anthoupoli-62D304_%287872%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/20140622-Anthoupoli-62D304_%287872%29.jpg/330px-20140622-Anthoupoli-62D304_%287872%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/20140622-Anthoupoli-62D304_%287872%29.jpg/440px-20140622-Anthoupoli-62D304_%287872%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro" title="Athens Metro">Athens Metro</a> train (3rd generation stock)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro" title="Athens Metro">Athens Metro</a> is operated by STASY S.A. (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ΣΤΑΣΥ</span>) (Statheres Sygkoinonies S.A.), a subsidiary company of OASA (Athens urban transport organisation), which provides public transport throughout the Athens Urban Area. While its main purpose is transport, it also houses Greek artifacts found during the construction of the system.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Athens Metro runs three metro lines, namely <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro_Line_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Metro Line 1">Line 1 (Green Line)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro_Line_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Metro Line 2">Line 2 (Red Line)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro_Line_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Metro Line 3">Line 3 (Blue Line)</a> lines, of which the first was constructed in 1869, and the other two largely during the 1990s, with the initial new sections opened in January 2000. Line 1 mostly runs at ground level and the other two (Line 2 & 3) routes run entirely underground. A fleet of 42 trains, using 252 carriages, operates on the network,<sup id="cite_ref-xyz_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xyz-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a daily occupancy of 1,353,000 passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Line 1</i> (Green Line) serves 24 stations, and is the oldest line of the Athens metro network. It runs from <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> station to <a href="/wiki/Kifissia" title="Kifissia">Kifissia</a> station and covers a distance of 25.6 km (15.9 mi). There are transfer connections with the Blue Line 3 at <a href="/wiki/Monastiraki" title="Monastiraki">Monastiraki</a> station and with the Red Line 2 at <a href="/wiki/Omonoia_Square" title="Omonoia Square">Omonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Attiki">Attiki</a> stations. <i>Line 2</i> (Red Line) runs from <a href="/wiki/Anthoupoli_metro_station" title="Anthoupoli metro station">Anthoupoli</a> station to <a href="/wiki/Elliniko_metro_station" title="Elliniko metro station">Elliniko</a> station and covers a distance of 17.5 km (10.9 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-xyz_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xyz-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The line connects the western suburbs of Athens with the southeast suburbs, passing through the center of Athens. The Red Line has transfer connections with the Green Line 1 at <a href="/wiki/Attiki_metro_station" title="Attiki metro station">Attiki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Omonia_metro_station" title="Omonia metro station">Omonia</a> stations. There are also transfer connections with the Blue Line 3 at <a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Square" title="Syntagma Square">Syntagma</a> <a href="/wiki/Syntagma_metro_station" title="Syntagma metro station">station</a> and with the tram at <a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Square" title="Syntagma Square">Syntagma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syngrou%E2%80%93Fix_station" title="Syngrou–Fix station">Syngrou Fix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neos_Kosmos_station" title="Neos Kosmos station">Neos Kosmos</a> stations. <i>Line 3</i> (Blue Line) runs from <a href="/wiki/Dimotiko_Theatro_metro_station" title="Dimotiko Theatro metro station">Dimotiko Theatro</a> station, through the central <a href="/wiki/Monastiraki" title="Monastiraki">Monastiraki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syntagma_metro_station" title="Syntagma metro station">Syntagma</a> stations to <a href="/wiki/Doukissis_Plakentias_station" title="Doukissis Plakentias station">Doukissis Plakentias</a> avenue in the northeastern suburb of <a href="/wiki/Chalandri" title="Chalandri">Halandri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-xyz_106-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xyz-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It then ascends to ground level and continues to <a href="/wiki/Athens_International_Airport" title="Athens International Airport">Athens International Airport Eleftherios Venizelos</a> using the suburban railway infrastructure, extending its total length to 39 km (24 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-xyz_106-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xyz-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spring 2007 extension from Monastiraki westwards to <a href="/wiki/Egaleo" class="mw-redirect" title="Egaleo">Egaleo</a> connected some of the main <a href="/wiki/Nightlife" title="Nightlife">night life</a> hubs of the city, namely those of Gazi (<a href="/wiki/Kerameikos_metro_station" title="Kerameikos metro station">Kerameikos</a> station) with Psirri (<a href="/wiki/Monastiraki_metro_station" title="Monastiraki metro station">Monastiraki</a> station) and the city centre (<a href="/wiki/Syntagma_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Syntagma station">Syntagma station</a>).The new stations <a href="/wiki/Maniatika_metro_station" title="Maniatika metro station">Maniatika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_station" title="Piraeus station">Piraeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dimotiko_Theatro_metro_station" title="Dimotiko Theatro metro station">Dimotiko Theatro</a>, were completed on 10 October 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-Attiko_Metro_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attiko_Metro-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Athens_Greece_Guide_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Athens_Greece_Guide-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> connecting the biggest port of Greece, the Port of Piraeus, with Athens International Airport, the biggest airport of Greece. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attica_06-13_Athens_26_Tram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Attica_06-13_Athens_26_Tram.jpg/220px-Attica_06-13_Athens_26_Tram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Attica_06-13_Athens_26_Tram.jpg/330px-Attica_06-13_Athens_26_Tram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Attica_06-13_Athens_26_Tram.jpg/440px-Attica_06-13_Athens_26_Tram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="3066" /></a><figcaption>Vehicle of the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Tram" title="Athens Tram">Athens Tram</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Athens_Tram" title="Athens Tram">Athens Tram</a> is operated by STASY S.A. (Statheres Sygkoinonies S.A.), a subsidiary company of <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_Athens" title="Transport for Athens">Transport for Athens</a> (OASA). It has a fleet of 35 <a href="/wiki/Sirio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirio">Sirio</a> type vehicles<sup id="cite_ref-athenstram_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-athenstram-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 25 <a href="/wiki/Alstom_Citadis" title="Alstom Citadis">Alstom Citadis</a> type vehicles<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which serve 48 stations,<sup id="cite_ref-athenstram_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-athenstram-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> employ 345 people with an average daily occupancy of 65,000 passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-athenstram_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-athenstram-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tram network spans a total length of 27 km (17 mi) and covers ten Athenian suburbs.<sup id="cite_ref-athenstram_110-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-athenstram-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The network runs from <a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Square" title="Syntagma Square">Syntagma Square</a> to the southwestern suburb of <a href="/wiki/Palaio_Faliro" title="Palaio Faliro">Palaio Faliro</a>, where the line splits in two branches; the first runs along the Athens coastline toward the southern suburb of <a href="/wiki/Voula" title="Voula">Voula</a>, while the other heads toward Piraeus. The network covers the majority of the Athens coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-EF_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EF-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athens_International_Airport">Athens International Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Athens International Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Athens_International_Airport" title="Athens International Airport">Athens International Airport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greece-0028_(2215861772).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Greece-0028_%282215861772%29.jpg/220px-Greece-0028_%282215861772%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Greece-0028_%282215861772%29.jpg/330px-Greece-0028_%282215861772%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Greece-0028_%282215861772%29.jpg/440px-Greece-0028_%282215861772%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Athens_International_Airport" title="Athens International Airport">Athens International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Athens is served by the <a href="/wiki/Athens_International_Airport" title="Athens International Airport">Athens International Airport</a> (ATH), located near the town of <a href="/wiki/Spata" title="Spata">Spata</a>, in the eastern Messoghia plain, some 35 km (22 mi) east of center of Athens.<sup id="cite_ref-aia_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aia-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport, awarded the "European Airport of the Year 2004" Award,<sup id="cite_ref-pro_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pro-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is intended as an expandable hub for air travel in <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">southeastern Europe</a> and was constructed in 51 months, costing 2.2 billion euros. It employs a staff of 14,000.<sup id="cite_ref-pro_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pro-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferry">Ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Piraeus" title="Port of Piraeus">Port of Piraeus</a> is the largest port in Greece and one of the largest in Europe. <a href="/wiki/Rafina" title="Rafina">Rafina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lavrio" title="Lavrio">Lavrio</a> act as alternative ports of Athens, connects the city with numerous <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greece" title="List of islands of Greece">Greek islands</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Evia</a> while also serving the cruise ships that arrive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorways">Motorways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Motorways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/National_Roads_and_Motorways_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Roads and Motorways in Greece">National Roads and Motorways in Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens-Kiffisia-aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Athens-Kiffisia-aerial.jpg/220px-Athens-Kiffisia-aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Athens-Kiffisia-aerial.jpg/330px-Athens-Kiffisia-aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Athens-Kiffisia-aerial.jpg/440px-Athens-Kiffisia-aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of an <a href="/wiki/A6_motorway_(Greece)" title="A6 motorway (Greece)">A6</a> interchange north of Athens</figcaption></figure> <p>Two main motorways of Greece begin in Athens, namely the <a href="/wiki/A1_motorway_(Greece)" title="A1 motorway (Greece)">A1</a>/<a href="/wiki/European_route_E75" title="European route E75">E75</a>, heading north towards Greece's second largest city, <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>; and the border crossing of Evzones and the <a href="/wiki/A8_motorway_(Greece)" title="A8 motorway (Greece)">A8</a>/<a href="/wiki/European_route_E94" title="European route E94">E94</a> heading west, towards Greece's third largest city, <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>, which incorporated the <a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Road_8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek National Road 8A">GR-8A</a>. Before their completion much of the road traffic used the <a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Road_1" title="Greek National Road 1">GR-1</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Road_8" title="Greek National Road 8">GR-8</a>. </p><p>Athens' Metropolitan Area is served by the <a href="/wiki/Attiki_Odos" title="Attiki Odos">Attiki Odos</a> toll motorway network: its main section, the <a href="/wiki/A6_motorway_(Greece)" title="A6 motorway (Greece)">A6</a>, extends from the western industrial suburb of <a href="/wiki/Eleusina" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusina">Elefsina</a> to <a href="/wiki/Athens_International_Airport" title="Athens International Airport">Athens International Airport</a>; while two beltways, namely the Aigaleo Beltway (<a href="/wiki/A65_motorway_(Greece)" title="A65 motorway (Greece)">A65</a>) and the Hymettus Beltway (<a href="/wiki/A62_motorway_(Greece)" title="A62 motorway (Greece)">A62</a>) serve parts of western and eastern Athens respectively. The span of the Attiki Odos in all its length is 65 km (40 mi),<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the largest metropolitan motorway network in all of Greece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_1178.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_1178.jpg/220px-%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_1178.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_1178.jpg/330px-%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_1178.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_1178.jpg/440px-%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_1178.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4193" data-file-height="3145" /></a><figcaption>Facade of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Academy of Athens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A4t_von_Athen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Universit%C3%A4t_von_Athen.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A4t_von_Athen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Universit%C3%A4t_von_Athen.jpg/330px-Universit%C3%A4t_von_Athen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Universit%C3%A4t_von_Athen.jpg/440px-Universit%C3%A4t_von_Athen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11746" data-file-height="6260" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">University of Athens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Griechische_Nationalbibliothek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Griechische_Nationalbibliothek.jpg/220px-Griechische_Nationalbibliothek.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Griechische_Nationalbibliothek.jpg/330px-Griechische_Nationalbibliothek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Griechische_Nationalbibliothek.jpg/440px-Griechische_Nationalbibliothek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13470" data-file-height="7069" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">National Library of Greece</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Located on <a href="/wiki/Panepistimiou_Street" title="Panepistimiou Street">Panepistimiou Street</a>, the old campus of the <a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">University of Athens</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">National Library</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Athens Academy</a> form the "Athens Trilogy" built in the mid-19th century. The largest and oldest university in Athens is the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. Most of the functions of NKUA along National Technical University of Athens have been transferred to a campus in the eastern suburb of <a href="/wiki/Zografou" title="Zografou">Zografou</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Technical_University_of_Athens" title="National Technical University of Athens">National Technical University of Athens</a> old campus is located on Patision Street. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_West_Attica" title="University of West Attica">University of West Attica</a> is the second largest university in Athens. The seat of the university is located in the western area of Athens, where the philosophers of Ancient Athens delivered lectures. All the activities of UNIWA are carried out in the modern infrastructure of the three University Campuses within the metropolitan region of Athens (Egaleo Park, Ancient Olive Groove and Athens), which offer modern teaching and research spaces, entertainment and support facilities for all students. Other universities that lie within Athens are the <a href="/wiki/Athens_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Athens University of Economics and Business">Athens University of Economics and Business</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Panteion_University" title="Panteion University">Panteion University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_University_of_Athens" title="Agricultural University of Athens">Agricultural University of Athens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Piraeus" title="University of Piraeus">University of Piraeus</a>. </p><p>There are overall ten state-supported Institutions of Higher (or Tertiary) education located in the Athens Urban Area, these are by chronological order: <a href="/wiki/Athens_School_of_Fine_Arts" title="Athens School of Fine Arts">Athens School of Fine Arts</a> (1837), <a href="/wiki/National_Technical_University_of_Athens" title="National Technical University of Athens">National Technical University of Athens</a> (1837), <a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">National and Kapodistrian University of Athens</a> (1837), <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_University_of_Athens" title="Agricultural University of Athens">Agricultural University of Athens</a> (1920), <a href="/wiki/Athens_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Athens University of Economics and Business">Athens University of Economics and Business</a> (1920), <a href="/wiki/Panteion_University" title="Panteion University">Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences</a> (1927), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Piraeus" title="University of Piraeus">University of Piraeus</a> (1938), <a href="/wiki/Harokopio_University" title="Harokopio University">Harokopio University of Athens</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/School_of_Pedagogical_and_Technological_Education" title="School of Pedagogical and Technological Education">School of Pedagogical and Technological Education</a> (2002), <a href="/wiki/University_of_West_Attica" title="University of West Attica">University of West Attica</a> (2018). There are also several other private <i>colleges</i>, as they called formally in Greece, as the establishment of private universities is prohibited by the constitution. Many of them are accredited by a foreign state or university such as the <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Greece" title="American College of Greece">American College of Greece</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Indianapolis_%E2%80%93_Athens_Campus" title="University of Indianapolis – Athens Campus">Athens Campus</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Indianapolis" title="University of Indianapolis">University of Indianapolis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Culture of Greece</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeological_hub_and_museums">Archaeological hub and museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Archaeological hub and museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Greece" title="List of museums in Greece">List of museums in Greece</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arch%C3%A4ologisches_Nationalmuseum_Athen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Arch%C3%A4ologisches_Nationalmuseum_Athen.jpg/220px-Arch%C3%A4ologisches_Nationalmuseum_Athen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Arch%C3%A4ologisches_Nationalmuseum_Athen.jpg/330px-Arch%C3%A4ologisches_Nationalmuseum_Athen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Arch%C3%A4ologisches_Nationalmuseum_Athen.jpg/440px-Arch%C3%A4ologisches_Nationalmuseum_Athen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11560" data-file-height="6112" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum</a> in central Athens</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Acropolis_Museum_as_seen_from_the_top_of_the_Acropolis_hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/The_Acropolis_Museum_as_seen_from_the_top_of_the_Acropolis_hill.jpg/220px-The_Acropolis_Museum_as_seen_from_the_top_of_the_Acropolis_hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/The_Acropolis_Museum_as_seen_from_the_top_of_the_Acropolis_hill.jpg/330px-The_Acropolis_Museum_as_seen_from_the_top_of_the_Acropolis_hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/The_Acropolis_Museum_as_seen_from_the_top_of_the_Acropolis_hill.jpg/440px-The_Acropolis_Museum_as_seen_from_the_top_of_the_Acropolis_hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_Museum" title="Acropolis Museum">Acropolis Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Stoa_of_Attalus_on_February_26,_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_Stoa_of_Attalus_on_February_26%2C_2022.jpg/220px-The_Stoa_of_Attalus_on_February_26%2C_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_Stoa_of_Attalus_on_February_26%2C_2022.jpg/330px-The_Stoa_of_Attalus_on_February_26%2C_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_Stoa_of_Attalus_on_February_26%2C_2022.jpg/440px-The_Stoa_of_Attalus_on_February_26%2C_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5828" data-file-height="3886" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Ancient_Agora" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the Ancient Agora">Museum of the Ancient Agora</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Stoa_of_Attalos" title="Stoa of Attalos">Stoa of Attalos</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city is a world centre of <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological research</a>. Alongside national academic institutions, such as the <a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">Athens University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Society_of_Athens" title="Archaeological Society of Athens">Archaeological Society</a>, it is home to multiple archaeological museums, taking in the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Goulandris_Museum_of_Cycladic_Art" title="Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art">Cycladic Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">Epigraphic</a> Museum, the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_%26_Christian_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine & Christian Museum">Byzantine & Christian Museum</a>, as well as museums at the ancient Agora, <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_Museum" title="Acropolis Museum">Acropolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerameikos" title="Kerameikos">Kerameikos</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kerameikos_Archaeological_Museum" title="Kerameikos Archaeological Museum">Kerameikos Archaeological Museum</a>. The city is also the setting for the <a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Demokritos</a> laboratory for <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_science" title="Archaeological science">Archaeometry</a>, alongside regional and national archaeological authorities forming part of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Culture_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Culture (Greece)">Greek Department of Culture</a>. </p><p>Athens hosts 17 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Foreign_Archaeological_Institutes_in_Greece" title="List of Foreign Archaeological Institutes in Greece">Foreign Archaeological Institutes</a> which promote and facilitate research by scholars from their home countries. As a result, Athens has more than a dozen archaeological libraries and three specialized archaeological laboratories, and is the venue of several hundred specialized lectures, conferences and seminars, as well as dozens of archaeological exhibitions each year. At any given time, hundreds of international scholars and researchers in all disciplines of archaeology are to be found in the city. </p><p>Athens' most important museums include: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum</a>, the largest archaeological museum in the country, and one of the most important internationally, as it contains a vast collection of antiquities. Its artefacts cover a period of more than 5,000 years, from late <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> Age to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Greece">Roman Greece</a>;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Benaki_Museum" title="Benaki Museum">Benaki Museum</a> with its several branches for each of its collections including ancient, Byzantine, Ottoman-era, Chinese art and beyond;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_%26_Christian_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine & Christian Museum">Byzantine and Christian Museum</a>, one of the most important museums of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a>;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_(Athens)" title="National Gallery (Athens)">National Art Gallery</a>, the nation's eponymous leading gallery, which reopened in 2021 after renovation;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Athens_National_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens National Museum of Contemporary Art">National Museum of Contemporary Art</a>, which opened in 2000 in a former brewery building;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens" title="Numismatic Museum of Athens">Numismatic Museum</a>, housing a major collection of ancient and modern coins;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Goulandris_Museum_of_Cycladic_Art" title="Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art">Museum of Cycladic Art</a>, home to an extensive collection of <a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic art</a>, including its famous figurines of white marble;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_Museum" title="Acropolis Museum">New Acropolis Museum</a>, opened in 2009, and replacing the old museum on the Acropolis. The new museum has proved considerably popular; almost one million people visited during the summer period June–October 2009 alone. A number of smaller and privately owned museums focused on Greek culture and arts are also to be found.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Kerameikos_Archaeological_Museum" title="Kerameikos Archaeological Museum">Kerameikos Archaeological Museum</a>, a museum which displays artifacts from the burial site of Kerameikos. Much of the pottery and other artifacts relate to Athenian attitudes towards death and the afterlife, throughout many ages.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Greece" title="Jewish Museum of Greece">Jewish Museum of Greece</a>, a museum which describes the history and culture of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Greece" title="History of the Jews in Greece">the Greek Jewish community</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture_in_Athens" title="Modern architecture in Athens">Modern architecture in Athens</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attica_06-13_Athens_27_Zappeion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Attica_06-13_Athens_27_Zappeion.jpg/220px-Attica_06-13_Athens_27_Zappeion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Attica_06-13_Athens_27_Zappeion.jpg/330px-Attica_06-13_Athens_27_Zappeion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Attica_06-13_Athens_27_Zappeion.jpg/440px-Attica_06-13_Athens_27_Zappeion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4359" data-file-height="2024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a> Hall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_3321.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_3321.jpg/220px-%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_3321.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_3321.jpg/330px-%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_3321.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_3321.jpg/440px-%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_3321.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3808" data-file-height="3464" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens" title="Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens">Cathedral of Athens</a> (Athens Metropolis)</figcaption></figure> <p>Athens incorporates <a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">architectural styles</a> ranging from <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greco-Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> to Modern. They are often to be found in the same areas, as Athens is not marked by a uniformity of architectural style. A visitor will quickly notice the absence of tall buildings: Athens has very strict <a href="/wiki/Height_restriction_laws" title="Height restriction laws">height restriction laws</a> in order to ensure the Acropolis Hill is visible throughout the city. Despite the variety in styles, there is evidence of continuity in elements of the architectural environment throughout the city's history.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the greatest part of the 19th century Neoclassicism dominated Athens, as well as some deviations from it such as <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism" title="Eclecticism">Eclecticism</a>, especially in the early 20th century. Thus, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Royal_Palace" title="Old Royal Palace">Old Royal Palace</a> was the first important public building to be built, between 1836 and 1843. Later in the mid and late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Baron_Theophil_von_Hansen" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Theophil von Hansen">Theophil Freiherr von Hansen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ziller" title="Ernst Ziller">Ernst Ziller</a> took part in the construction of many neoclassical buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Athens Academy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a> Hall. Ziller also designed many private mansions in the centre of Athens which gradually became public, usually through donations, such as <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Schliemann" title="Heinrich Schliemann">Schliemann</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Iliou_Melathron" class="mw-redirect" title="Iliou Melathron">Iliou Melathron</a>. </p><p>Beginning in the 1920s, <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern architecture</a> including <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> began to exert an influence on almost all Greek architects, and buildings both public and private were constructed in accordance with these styles. Localities with a great number of such buildings include <a href="/wiki/Kolonaki" title="Kolonaki">Kolonaki</a>, and some areas of the centre of the city; neighbourhoods developed in this period include <a href="/wiki/Kypseli,_Athens" title="Kypseli, Athens">Kypseli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s and 1960s during the extension and development of Athens, other modern movements such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International style</a> played an important role. The centre of Athens was largely rebuilt, leading to the demolition of a number of neoclassical buildings. The architects of this era employed materials such as glass, marble and aluminium, and many blended modern and classical elements.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After World War II, internationally known architects to have designed and built in the city included <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Walter Gropius</a>, with his design for the US Embassy, and, among others, <a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Eero Saarinen</a>, in his postwar design for the east terminal of the <a href="/wiki/Ellinikon_International_Airport" title="Ellinikon International Airport">Ellinikon Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_sculpture">Urban sculpture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Urban sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Old_Parliament_House_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_on_March_1,_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Old_Parliament_House_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_on_March_1%2C_2019.jpg/220px-The_Old_Parliament_House_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_on_March_1%2C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Old_Parliament_House_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_on_March_1%2C_2019.jpg/330px-The_Old_Parliament_House_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_on_March_1%2C_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_Old_Parliament_House_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_on_March_1%2C_2019.jpg/440px-The_Old_Parliament_House_-_National_Historical_Museum_-_on_March_1%2C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5860" data-file-height="3906" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_Athens" title="Old Parliament House, Athens">Old Parliament House</a>, now home to the National History Museum. View from <a href="/wiki/Stadiou_Street" title="Stadiou Street">Stadiou Street</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Across the city numerous statues or busts are to be found. Apart from the neoclassicals by <a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Drosis" title="Leonidas Drosis">Leonidas Drosis</a> at the Academy of Athens (Plato, Socrates, Apollo and Athena), others in notable categories include the statue of <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Fytalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Fytalis (page does not exist)">Georgios Fytalis</a> at Thiseion; depictions of philhellenes such as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">George Canning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Gladstone</a>; the equestrian statue of <a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Kolokotronis" title="Theodoros Kolokotronis">Theodoros Kolokotronis</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lazaros_Sochos" title="Lazaros Sochos">Lazaros Sochos</a> in front of the Old Parliament; statues of <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Ioannis Kapodistrias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a> at the university; of <a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Zappas" title="Evangelos Zappas">Evangelos Zappas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Zappas" title="Konstantinos Zappas">Konstantinos Zappas</a> at the Zappeion; <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Varvakis" title="Ioannis Varvakis">Ioannis Varvakis</a> at the National Garden; the" Woodbreaker" by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitrios_Filippotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitrios Filippotis (page does not exist)">Dimitrios Filippotis</a>; the equestrian statue of <a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papagos" title="Alexandros Papagos">Alexandros Papagos</a> in the Papagou district; and various busts of fighters of Greek independence at the <a href="/wiki/Pedion_tou_Areos" title="Pedion tou Areos">Pedion tou Areos</a>. A significant landmark is also the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Syntagma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment_and_performing_arts">Entertainment and performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Entertainment and performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9854.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9854.jpg/220px-%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9854.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9854.jpg/330px-%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9854.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9854.jpg/440px-%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%98%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_9854.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3856" data-file-height="3301" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_of_Greece" title="National Theatre of Greece">National Theatre of Greece</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Omonoia_Square" title="Omonoia Square">Omonoia Square</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Athens is home to 148 theatrical stages, more than any other city in the world, including the ancient <a href="/wiki/Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus" title="Odeon of Herodes Atticus">Odeon of Herodes Atticus</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Festival">Athens Festival</a>, which runs from May to October each year.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to a large number of multiplexes, Athens plays host to open air garden cinemas. The city also supports music venues, including the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Concert_Hall" title="Athens Concert Hall">Athens Concert Hall</a> (<i>Megaro Moussikis</i>), which attracts world class artists.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Athens <a href="/wiki/Planetarium" title="Planetarium">Planetarium</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located in <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Syngrou_Avenue" title="Andrea Syngrou Avenue">Andrea Syngrou Avenue</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Palaio_Faliro" title="Palaio Faliro">Palaio Faliro</a><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the largest and best equipped digital planetaria in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center">Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center</a>, inaugurated in 2016, will house the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">National Library of Greece</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Opera" title="Greek National Opera">Greek National Opera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 Athens was designated as the <a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capital</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Restaurants, tavernas and bars can be found in the entertainment hubs in <a href="/wiki/Plaka" title="Plaka">Plaka</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Monastiraki" title="Monastiraki">Trigono</a> areas of the historic centre, the inner suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Gazi,_Athens" title="Gazi, Athens">Gazi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psyri" title="Psyri">Psyrri</a> are especially busy with nightclubs and bars, while <a href="/wiki/Kolonaki" title="Kolonaki">Kolonaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exarcheia" title="Exarcheia">Exarchia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaxourgeio" title="Metaxourgeio">Metaxourgeio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koukaki" title="Koukaki">Koukaki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pangrati" title="Pangrati">Pangrati</a> offer more of a cafe and restaurant scene. The coastal suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Microlimano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alimos" title="Alimos">Alimos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glyfada" title="Glyfada">Glyfada</a> include many tavernas, beach bars and busy summer clubs. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52035330487.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52035330487.jpg/220px-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52035330487.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52035330487.jpg/330px-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52035330487.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52035330487.jpg/440px-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center_-_52035330487.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center">The Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Centre</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Opera" title="Greek National Opera">Greek National Opera</a> and the new <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">National Library</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The most successful songs during the period 1870–1930 were the Athenian serenades (Αθηναϊκές καντάδες), based on the <a href="/wiki/Heptanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Heptanese">Heptanesean</a> <a href="/wiki/Greek_folk_music#Ionian_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek folk music">kantádhes</a> (καντάδες '<a href="/wiki/Serenade" title="Serenade">serenades</a>'; sing.: καντάδα) and the songs performed on stage (επιθεωρησιακά τραγούδια 'theatrical revue songs') in <a href="/wiki/Revues" class="mw-redirect" title="Revues">revues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical comedies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operettas" class="mw-redirect" title="Operettas">operettas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nocturnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nocturnes">nocturnes</a> that were dominating Athens' theatre scene. </p><p>In 1922, following the war, genocide and later population exchange suffered by the Greek population of Asia Minor, many ethnic Greeks fled to Athens. They settled in poor neighbourhoods and brought with them <a href="/wiki/Rebetiko" title="Rebetiko">Rebetiko</a> music, making it also popular in Greece, and which later became the base for the <a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a> music. Other forms of song popular today in Greece are elafrolaika, entechno, dimotika, and skyladika.<sup id="cite_ref-Tales_of_Orpheus_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tales_of_Orpheus-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greece's most notable, and internationally famous, composers of Greek song, mainly of the entechno form, are <a href="/wiki/Manos_Hadjidakis" class="mw-redirect" title="Manos Hadjidakis">Manos Hadjidakis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikis_Theodorakis" title="Mikis Theodorakis">Mikis Theodorakis</a>. Both composers have achieved fame abroad for their composition of film scores.<sup id="cite_ref-Tales_of_Orpheus_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tales_of_Orpheus-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The renowned American-born Greek soprano <a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a> spent her teenage years in Athens, where she settled in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her professional opera career started in 1940 in Athens, with the <a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Opera" title="Greek National Opera">Greek National Opera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the city's municipal Olympia Theatre was renamed to "<a href="/wiki/Olympia_City_Music_Theatre_%22Maria_Callas%22" title="Olympia City Music Theatre "Maria Callas"">Olympia City Music Theatre 'Maria Callas'</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2023, the Municipality inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas_Museum" title="Maria Callas Museum">Maria Callas Museum</a>, housing it in a <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical building</a> on 44 Mitropoleos street.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_clubs_in_Athens_Municipality" title="List of sports clubs in Athens Municipality">List of sports clubs in Athens Municipality</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Panathenaic_Stadium_on_April_22,_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Panathenaic_Stadium_on_April_22%2C_2021.jpg/220px-The_Panathenaic_Stadium_on_April_22%2C_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Panathenaic_Stadium_on_April_22%2C_2021.jpg/330px-The_Panathenaic_Stadium_on_April_22%2C_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Panathenaic_Stadium_on_April_22%2C_2021.jpg/440px-The_Panathenaic_Stadium_on_April_22%2C_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The Panathenaic Stadium of Athens (<a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Kallimarmaron</a>) dates back to the fourth century BC and has hosted the <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">first modern Olympic Games</a> in 1896.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathinaikos_-_Sparta_Prague_DSC00055.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Panathinaikos_-_Sparta_Prague_DSC00055.JPG/220px-Panathinaikos_-_Sparta_Prague_DSC00055.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Panathinaikos_-_Sparta_Prague_DSC00055.JPG/330px-Panathinaikos_-_Sparta_Prague_DSC00055.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Panathinaikos_-_Sparta_Prague_DSC00055.JPG/440px-Panathinaikos_-_Sparta_Prague_DSC00055.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Panathinaikos_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathinaikos FC">Panathinaikos FC</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Sparta_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparta Prague">Sparta Prague</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Olympic_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Olympic Stadium">Athens Olympic Stadium</a>, 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Athens has a long tradition in sports and sporting events, serving as home to the most important clubs in <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Greece" title="Sport in Greece">Greek sport</a> and housing a large number of sports facilities. The city has also been host to sports events of international importance. </p><p>Athens has hosted the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympic Games</a> twice, in <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896</a> and <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>. The 2004 Summer Olympics required the development of the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Athens)" title="Olympic Stadium (Athens)">Athens Olympic Stadium</a>, which has since gained a reputation as one of the most beautiful stadiums in the world, and one of its most interesting modern monuments.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biggest stadium in the country, it hosted two finals of the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a>, in <a href="/wiki/1994_UEFA_Champions_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 UEFA Champions League Final">1994</a> and <a href="/wiki/2007_UEFA_Champions_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 UEFA Champions League Final">2007</a>. Athens' other major stadiums are the <a href="/wiki/Karaiskakis_Stadium" title="Karaiskakis Stadium">Karaiskakis Stadium</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a>, a sports and entertainment complex, host of the <a href="/wiki/1971_European_Cup_Winners%27_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 European Cup Winners' Cup Final">1971 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agia_Sophia_Stadium" title="Agia Sophia Stadium">Agia Sophia Stadium</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Nea_Filadelfeia" title="Nea Filadelfeia">Nea Filadelfeia</a>. </p><p>Athens has hosted the <a href="/wiki/EuroLeague" title="EuroLeague">EuroLeague</a> final three times, the first in 1985 and second in <a href="/wiki/FIBA_European_Championship_1992%E2%80%9393" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA European Championship 1992–93">1993</a>, both at the <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Stadium" title="Peace and Friendship Stadium">Peace and Friendship Stadium</a>, most known as SEF, a large indoor arena,<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the third time in <a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_Euroleague" title="2006–07 Euroleague">2007</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Indoor_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Indoor Hall">Olympic Indoor Hall</a>. Events in other sports such as <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Track and field athletics">athletics</a>, volleyball, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a> etc., have been hosted in the capital's venues. </p><p>Athens is home to three European multi-sport clubs: <a href="/wiki/Panathinaikos_A.O." title="Panathinaikos A.O.">Panathinaikos</a>, originated in Athens city centre, <a href="/wiki/Olympiacos_CFP" title="Olympiacos CFP">Olympiacos</a>, originated in the nearby port city of <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athletic_Union_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletic Union of Constantinople">AEK Athens</a>, originated in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Nea_Filadelfeia" title="Nea Filadelfeia">Nea Filadelfeia</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panathinaikos_F.C." title="Panathinaikos F.C.">Panathinaikos</a> made it to the <a href="/wiki/1971_European_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 European Cup Final">1971 European Cup Final</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympiacos_F.C." title="Olympiacos F.C.">Olympiacos</a> have dominated domestic competitions, while <a href="/wiki/AEK_Athens_F.C." title="AEK Athens F.C.">AEK Athens</a> is the other member of the <a href="/wiki/P.O.K." title="P.O.K.">big three</a>. These clubs also have basketball teams; <a href="/wiki/Panathinaikos_B.C." title="Panathinaikos B.C.">Panathinaikos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olympiacos_B.C." title="Olympiacos B.C.">Olympiacos</a> are among the top powers in European basketball, having won the <a href="/wiki/Euroleague_Basketball" title="Euroleague Basketball">Euroleague</a> seven times and three respectively, whilst <a href="/wiki/AEK_Athens_B.C." class="mw-redirect" title="AEK Athens B.C.">AEK Athens</a> was the first Greek team to win a European trophy in any team sport. </p><p>Other notable clubs within Athens are <a href="/wiki/Athinaikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Athinaikos">Athinaikos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panionios" class="mw-redirect" title="Panionios">Panionios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atromitos_F.C." title="Atromitos F.C.">Atromitos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollon_Smyrni_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Apollon Smyrni F.C.">Apollon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panellinios_G.S." title="Panellinios G.S.">Panellinios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egaleo_F.C." title="Egaleo F.C.">Egaleo F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnikos_Piraeus" title="Ethnikos Piraeus">Ethnikos Piraeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroussi_B.C." title="Maroussi B.C.">Maroussi BC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peristeri_B.C." title="Peristeri B.C.">Peristeri B.C.</a> Athenian clubs have also had domestic and international success in other sports. </p><p>The Athens area encompasses a variety of <a href="/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain">terrain</a>, notably hills and mountains rising around the city, and the capital is the only major city in Europe to be bisected by a <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain range</a>. Four mountain ranges extend into city boundaries and thousands of kilometres of trails criss-cross the city and neighbouring areas, providing exercise and wilderness access on <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">foot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">bike</a>. </p><p>Beyond Athens and across the prefecture of Attica, outdoor activities include <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hang_gliding" title="Hang gliding">hang gliding</a> and windsurfing. Numerous outdoor clubs serve these sports, including the Athens Chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a>, which leads over 4,000 outings annually in the area. </p><p>Athens was awarded the 2004 Summer Olympics on 5 September 1997 in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, Switzerland, after having lost a previous bid to host the <a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Summer Olympics</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-oly_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oly-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was to be the second time Athens would host the games, following the inaugural event of 1896. After an unsuccessful bid in 1990, the 1997 bid was radically improved, including an appeal to Greece's Olympic history. In the last round of voting, Athens defeated Rome with 66 votes to 41.<sup id="cite_ref-oly_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oly-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this round, the cities of <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Stockholm and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> had been eliminated from competition, having received fewer votes.<sup id="cite_ref-oly_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oly-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the heavy cost was criticized, estimated at $1.5 billion, Athens was transformed into a more functional city that enjoys modern technology both in transportation and in modern <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-olyy_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olyy-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The games welcomed over 10,000 athletes from all 202 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-olyy_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olyy-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_cities_named_after_Athens" title="List of modern cities named after Athens">List of modern cities named after Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Athens" title="Outline of Athens">Outline of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Athens" title="Timeline of Athens">Timeline of Athens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Αθήνα</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Athína</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[aˈθina]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/02\/El-%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1.ogg\/El-%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"El-\u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/El-%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1.ogg/El-%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:El-%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1.ogg" title="File:El-Αθήνα.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀθῆναι</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Athênai</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[atʰɛ̂ːnai̯]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonindependentreviewofbooks.com/index.php/bookreview/athens-city-of-wisdom">"Athens: City of Wisdom"</a>. Washington Independent Review of Books. 30 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athens%3A+City+of+Wisdom&rft.pub=Washington+Independent+Review+of+Books&rft.date=2022-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonindependentreviewofbooks.com%2Findex.php%2Fbookreview%2Fathens-city-of-wisdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/athens-and-jerusalem-city-reason-city-faith">"Athens and Jerusalem: City of Reason, City of Faith"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athens+and+Jerusalem%3A+City+of+Reason%2C+City+of+Faith&rft.pub=RANE+Network&rft.date=2022-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldview.stratfor.com%2Farticle%2Fathens-and-jerusalem-city-reason-city-faith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mayor-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mayor_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/d/home/en/municipalities/9186/">Municipality of Athens, Municipal elections – October 2023</a>, Ministry of Interior</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census21-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census21_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr/Census2022_GR.pdf">"Census 2021 GR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Statistical_Authority" title="Hellenic Statistical Authority">Hellenic Statistical Authority</a>. 19 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://elstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr/Census2022_GR.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+2021+GR&rft.pub=Hellenic+Statistical+Authority&rft.date=2022-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felstat-outsourcers.statistics.gr%2FCensus2022_GR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00003/default/table?lang=en">"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat"</a>. <i>www.ec.europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2008</span>. <q>Ancient Greek Athenai, historic city and capital of Greece. 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Globalization and World Cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Shipping+Council&rft.atitle=World+Shipping+Council-+Top+50+Ports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldshipping.org%2Ftop-50-ports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Monthly Statistical Bulletin of Greece, December 2012</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.macrotrends.net&rft.atitle=Athens%2C+Greece+Metro+Area+Population+1950%E2%80%932023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macrotrends.net%2Fcities%2F21113%2Fathens%2Fpopulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oly-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oly_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oly_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oly_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oly_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCNN_&_Sports_Illustrated1997" class="citation news cs1">CNN & Sports Illustrated (5 September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080519032341/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/news/1997/09/05/athens_update/">"Sentiment a factor as Athens gets 2004 Olympics"</a>. sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/news/1997/09/05/athens_update/">the original</a> on 19 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sentiment+a+factor+as+Athens+gets+2004+Olympics&rft.date=1997-09-05&rft.au=CNN+%26+Sports+Illustrated&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Folympics%2Fnews%2F1997%2F09%2F05%2Fathens_update%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As for example in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+7&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0135">Od.7.80</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418015639/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+7&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0135">Archived</a> 18 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beekes2009-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beekes2009_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beekes2009_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeekes2009" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Beekes" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Beekes">Beekes, Robert S. P.</a> (2009), <i>Etymological Dictionary of Greek</i>, Leiden and Boston: Brill, p. 29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Greek&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Beekes&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burkert1985-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burkert1985_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burkert1985_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burkert1985_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkert1985" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert">Burkert, Walter</a> (1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/139"><i>Greek Religion</i></a>, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/139">139</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-36281-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-36281-0"><bdi>0-674-36281-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Religion&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-674-36281-0&rft.aulast=Burkert&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreekreligion0000burk%2Fpage%2F139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kerényi1951-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kerényi1951_27-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerényi1951" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Ker%C3%A9nyi" title="Károly Kerényi">Kerényi, Karl</a> (1951), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godsofgreeks00kerrich/page/124"><i>The Gods of the Greeks</i></a></span>, London, England: Thames and Hudson, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godsofgreeks00kerrich/page/124">124</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-27048-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-27048-1"><bdi>0-500-27048-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gods+of+the+Greeks&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=0-500-27048-1&rft.aulast=Ker%C3%A9nyi&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodsofgreeks00kerrich%2Fpage%2F124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garland2008-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Garland2008_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garland2008_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarland2008" class="citation book cs1">Garland, Robert (2008). <i>Ancient Greece: Everyday Life in the Birthplace of Western Civilization</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=Athens%27+chief+heat+officer+prepares+the+city+for+the+climate+crisis&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2022%2F06%2F24%2Feuropes-first-chief-heat-officer-explains-how-athens-is-preparing-for-severe-heatwaves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wmo.asu.edu/content/europe-highest-temperature">"World Meteorological Organization's World Weather & Climate Extremes Archive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State University</a> website</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160924095721/https://wmo.asu.edu/content/europe-highest-temperature">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arizona+State+University+website&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization%27s+World+Weather+%26+Climate+Extremes+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwmo.asu.edu%2Fcontent%2Feurope-highest-temperature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wmo.int/media/news/wmo-monitoring-potential-new-temperature-records">"WMO is monitoring potential new temperature records"</a>. <i>public.wmo.int</i>. 17 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=public.wmo.int&rft.atitle=WMO+is+monitoring+potential+new+temperature+records&rft.date=2023-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwmo.int%2Fmedia%2Fnews%2Fwmo-monitoring-potential-new-temperature-records&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazine.noa.gr/archives/4446">"Το 'νέο' κλίμα της Αθήνας – Περίοδος 1991–2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021120650/http://magazine.noa.gr/archives/4446">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A4%CE%BF+%27%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BF%27+%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82+%E2%80%93+%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Observatory+of+Athens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagazine.noa.gr%2Farchives%2F4446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteoclub.gr/themata/egkyklopaideia/to-klima-ths-athinas">"Το κλίμα της Αθήνας"</a>. <i>www.meteoclub.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021120728/https://www.meteoclub.gr/themata/egkyklopaideia/to-klima-ths-athinas">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.meteoclub.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%A4%CE%BF+%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoclub.gr%2Fthemata%2Fegkyklopaideia%2Fto-klima-ths-athinas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteoclub.gr/themata/egkyklopaideia/5103-to-arxeio-tou-thiseiou">"Το αρχείο του Θησείου"</a>. <i>www.meteoclub.gr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160504183604/http://www.meteoclub.gr/themata/egkyklopaideia/5103-to-arxeio-tou-thiseiou">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.meteoclub.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%A4%CE%BF+%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%98%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoclub.gr%2Fthemata%2Fegkyklopaideia%2F5103-to-arxeio-tou-thiseiou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteo.gr/Monthly_Bulletins.cfm">"Meteo.gr - Προγνώσεις καιρού για όλη την Ελλάδα"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meteo.gr+-+%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteo.gr%2FMonthly_Bulletins.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/neoskosmos/">"Latest Conditions in Neos Kosmos, Athens"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+Conditions+in+Neos+Kosmos%2C+Athens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenteli.meteo.gr%2Fstations%2Fneoskosmos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oscar.wmo.int/surface/#/search/station/stationReportDetails/0-300-1-neoskosmos">"World Meteorological Organization"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foscar.wmo.int%2Fsurface%2F%23%2Fsearch%2Fstation%2FstationReportDetails%2F0-300-1-neoskosmos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology_city?perifereia=Attiki&poli=Athens_Hellinikon">"Climatic Data for selected stations in Greece: Elliniko (Elliniko)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205131656/http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology_city?perifereia=Attiki&poli=Athens_Hellinikon">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatic+Data+for+selected+stations+in+Greece%3A+Elliniko+%28Elliniko%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hnms.gr%2Femy%2Fen%2Fclimatology%2Fclimatology_city%3Fperifereia%3DAttiki%26poli%3DAthens_Hellinikon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_167160_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von Athen Flughafen (Hellinikon) / Griechenland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world</i>. Deutscher Wetterdienst. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200612160622/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_167160_kt.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseline+climate+means+%281961%E2%80%931990%29+from+stations+all+over+the+world&rft.atitle=Klimatafel+von+Athen+Flughafen+%28Hellinikon%29+%2F+Griechenland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_167160_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1981-2010/athinai-airport-athenes/valeurs/16716.html">"Climatic Data for selected stations in Greece: Athens Airport"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205131829/https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1981-2010/athinai-airport-athenes/valeurs/16716.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatic+Data+for+selected+stations+in+Greece%3A+Athens+Airport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fnormales-records%2F1981-2010%2Fathinai-airport-athenes%2Fvaleurs%2F16716.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapikian2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kapikian, Etienne [@EKMeteo] (9 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/EKMeteo/status/1348003628360073223">"Aussi 22.4°C #Athènes-Ellinikon record mensuel à la station"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202836/https://twitter.com/EKMeteo/status/1348003628360073223">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aussi+22.4%C2%B0C+%23Ath%C3%A8nes-Ellinikon+record+mensuel+%C3%A0+la+station&rft.date=2021-01-09&rft.aulast=Kapikian&rft.aufirst=Etienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FEKMeteo%2Fstatus%2F1348003628360073223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/php/greece-athens.php">"Greater Athens (Greece): Municipalities – Population Statistics, Charts and Map"</a>. <i>citypopulation.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200503034211/https://www.citypopulation.de/php/greece-athens.php">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athens+Eugenides+Planetarium&rft.pub=Barco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barco.com%2Freference%2F2484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snfcc.org/about/vision/">"Vision"</a>. SNFCC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116230830/http://www.snfcc.org/about/vision/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vision&rft.pub=SNFCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snfcc.org%2Fabout%2Fvision%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/courier/2018-2/athens-books-everywhere">"Athens: Books everywhere"</a>. <i>UNESCO</i>. 29 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423165332/https://en.unesco.org/courier/2018-2/athens-books-everywhere">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Athens%3A+Books+everywhere&rft.date=2018-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fcourier%2F2018-2%2Fathens-books-everywhere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tales_of_Orpheus-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tales_of_Orpheus_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tales_of_Orpheus_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fT5TAQAAQBAJ"><i>Athens – The Truth: Searching for Mános, Just Before the Bubble Burst</i></a>. Tales of Orpheus. 1 September 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780955209031" title="Special:BookSources/9780955209031"><bdi>9780955209031</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205131700/https://books.google.com/books?id=fT5TAQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athens+%E2%80%93+The+Truth%3A+Searching+for+M%C3%A1nos%2C+Just+Before+the+Bubble+Burst&rft.pub=Tales+of+Orpheus&rft.date=2013-09-01&rft.isbn=9780955209031&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfT5TAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRémy1978" class="citation book cs1">Rémy, Pierre-Jean (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/mariacallastribu00rm"><i>Maria Callas, a tribute</i></a>. Internet Archive. New York : St. Martin's Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-51448-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-51448-8"><bdi>978-0-312-51448-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maria+Callas%2C+a+tribute&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-312-51448-8&rft.aulast=R%C3%A9my&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmariacallastribu00rm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetsalis-Diomidis2001" class="citation book cs1">Petsalis-Diomidis, Nikolaos (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/isbn_9781574670592"><i>The unknown Callas: the Greek years</i></a></span>. Internet Archive. Portland, Or. : <a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus Press">Amadeus Press</a>. pp. 76, 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57467-059-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57467-059-2"><bdi>978-1-57467-059-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+unknown+Callas%3A+the+Greek+years&rft.pages=76%2C+88&rft.pub=Portland%2C+Or.+%3A+Amadeus+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57467-059-2&rft.aulast=Petsalis-Diomidis&rft.aufirst=Nikolaos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781574670592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetsalis-Diomidis2001" class="citation book cs1">Petsalis-Diomidis, Nikolaos (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781574670592"><i>The unknown Callas: the Greek years</i></a></span>. Opera biography series. Portland, Or: <a href="/wiki/Amadeus_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus Press">Amadeus Press</a>. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57467-059-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57467-059-2"><bdi>978-1-57467-059-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+unknown+Callas%3A+the+Greek+years&rft.place=Portland%2C+Or&rft.series=Opera+biography+series&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Amadeus+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57467-059-2&rft.aulast=Petsalis-Diomidis&rft.aufirst=Nikolaos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781574670592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oly.gr/en/oly/">"Olympia | ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑ ΔΗΜΟΥ ΑΘΗΝΑΙΩΝ"</a>. 24 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympia+%7C+%CE%9F%CE%9B%CE%A5%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%99%CE%91+%CE%94%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%A5+%CE%91%CE%98%CE%97%CE%9D%CE%91%CE%99%CE%A9%CE%9D&rft.date=2023-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foly.gr%2Fen%2Foly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΒατόπουλος2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Βατόπουλος, Νίκος (30 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kathimerini.gr/culture/music/997785/olympia-i-megali-epistrofi/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Ολύμπια", η μεγάλη επιστροφή"</a>. <i>Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ</i> (in Greek)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%CE%97+%CE%9A%CE%91%CE%98%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%9D%CE%97&rft.atitle=%22%CE%9F%CE%BB%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1%22%2C+%CE%B7+%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7+%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AE&rft.date=2018-11-30&rft.aulast=%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82&rft.aufirst=%CE%9D%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kathimerini.gr%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2F997785%2Folympia-i-megali-epistrofi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIEFIMERIDA.GR2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">IEFIMERIDA.GR, NEWSROOM (25 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iefimerida.gr/english/maria-callas-museum-first-world-opens-central-athens">"Maria Callas museum, first in the world, opens in central Athens"</a>. <i>iefimerida.gr</i> (in Greek)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iefimerida.gr&rft.atitle=Maria+Callas+museum%2C+first+in+the+world%2C+opens+in+central+Athens&rft.date=2023-10-25&rft.aulast=IEFIMERIDA.GR&rft.aufirst=NEWSROOM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iefimerida.gr%2Fenglish%2Fmaria-callas-museum-first-world-opens-central-athens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.athens-today.com/e-olimpica_stadio.htm">"Athens 21st Century – Athens Olympic Stadium"</a>. Athens-today.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216232456/http://www.athens-today.com/e-olimpica_stadio.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athens+21st+Century+%E2%80%93+Athens+Olympic+Stadium&rft.pub=Athens-today.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.athens-today.com%2Fe-olimpica_stadio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.athens-today.com/e-olimpica_faliro.htm">"Athens 21st Century – The Olympic Coastal Complex"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athens+21st+Century+%E2%80%93+The+Olympic+Coastal+Complex&rft.pub=Athens-today.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.athens-today.com%2Fe-olimpica_faliro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olyy-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-olyy_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-olyy_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2004/SPORT/08/29/closing.ceremony/">"Athens bids farewell to the Games"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 30 August 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080115082941/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/SPORT/08/29/closing.ceremony/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Athens+bids+farewell+to+the+Games&rft.date=2004-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2004%2FSPORT%2F08%2F29%2Fclosing.ceremony%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAthens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athens&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Athens</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Athens" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Athens">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Athens" class="extiw" title="c:Athens">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Athens,_Greece" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Athens, Greece">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Athens" class="extiw" title="q:Athens">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Athens" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Athens">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Athens" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Athens">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Athens" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Athens">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Athens" class="extiw" title="voy:Athens">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cityofathens.gr">Official website</a></span></span> of the Municipality of Athens</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Athens" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Athens" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Athens</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peristeri" title="Peristeri">Peristeri</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nea_Filadelfeia" title="Nea Filadelfeia">Nea Filadelfeia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nea_Ionia" title="Nea Ionia">Nea Ionia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galatsi" title="Galatsi">Galatsi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psychiko" title="Psychiko">Psychiko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo_Psychiko" title="Neo Psychiko">Neo Psychiko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papagou" title="Papagou">Papagou</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Egaleo" class="mw-redirect" title="Egaleo">Aigaleo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tavros" title="Tavros">Tavros</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Municipality of Athens</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Zografou" title="Zografou">Zografou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaisariani" title="Kaisariani">Kaisariani</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nea_Smyrni" title="Nea Smyrni">Nea Smyrni</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vyronas" title="Vyronas">Vyronas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ymittos" title="Ymittos">Ymittos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dafni,_Attica" title="Dafni, Attica">Dafni</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighbourhoods_in_municipality_of_Athens" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighbourhoods_in_Athens" title="Template:Neighbourhoods in Athens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neighbourhoods_in_Athens" title="Template talk:Neighbourhoods in Athens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neighbourhoods_in_Athens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neighbourhoods in Athens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighbourhoods_in_municipality_of_Athens" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Neighbourhoods in municipality of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Athens</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Eleftherios,_Athens" title="Agios Eleftherios, Athens">Agios Eleftherios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Panteleimonas,_Athens" title="Agios Panteleimonas, Athens">Agios Panteleimonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akadimia,_Athens" title="Akadimia, Athens">Akadimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akadimia_Platonos" title="Akadimia Platonos">Akadimia Platonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makrygianni,_Athens" title="Makrygianni, Athens">Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampelokipoi,_Athens" title="Ampelokipoi, Athens">Ampelokipoi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kountouriotika" title="Kountouriotika">Kountouriotika</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asyrmatos,_Athens" title="Asyrmatos, Athens">Asyrmatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroskopeio" title="Asteroskopeio">Asteroskopeio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attiki,_Athens" title="Attiki, Athens">Attiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellinoroson" title="Ellinoroson">Ellinoroson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythros_Stavros" title="Erythros Stavros">Erythros Stavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarcheia" title="Exarcheia">Exarcheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazi,_Athens" title="Gazi, Athens">Gazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girokomeio,_Athens" title="Girokomeio, Athens">Girokomeio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyzi" title="Gyzi">Gyzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goudi" title="Goudi">Goudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouva,_Athens" title="Gouva, Athens">Gouva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilisia,_Athens" title="Ilisia, Athens">Ilisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keramikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Keramikos">Keramikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolokynthou" title="Kolokynthou">Kolokynthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonaki" title="Kolonaki">Kolonaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonos" title="Kolonos">Kolonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koukaki" title="Koukaki">Koukaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kypriadou" title="Kypriadou">Kypriadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kypseli,_Athens" title="Kypseli, Athens">Kypseli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kynosargous" title="Kynosargous">Kynosargous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxourgeio" title="Metaxourgeio">Metaxourgeio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mets,_Athens" title="Mets, Athens">Mets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastiraki" title="Monastiraki">Monastiraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Filothei" title="Nea Filothei">Nea Filothei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapoli,_Athens" title="Neapoli, Athens">Neapoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neos_Kosmos,_Athens" title="Neos Kosmos, Athens">Neos Kosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omonoia,_Athens" title="Omonoia, Athens">Omonoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangrati" title="Pangrati">Pangrati</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kallimarmaro,_Athens" title="Kallimarmaro, Athens">Kallimarmaro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patisia" title="Patisia">Patisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedion_tou_Areos" title="Pedion tou Areos">Pedion tou Areos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petralona" title="Petralona">Petralona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philopappou" title="Philopappou">Philopappou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaka" title="Plaka">Plaka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aerides,_Athens" title="Aerides, Athens">Aerides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anafiotika" title="Anafiotika">Anafiotika</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygono,_Athens" title="Polygono, Athens">Polygono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probonas" title="Probonas">Probonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profitis_Daniil,_Athens" title="Profitis Daniil, Athens">Profitis Daniil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profitis_Ilias_(Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Profitis Ilias (Athens)">Profitis Ilias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyri" title="Psyri">Psyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizoupoli" title="Rizoupoli">Rizoupoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouf,_Athens" title="Rouf, Athens">Rouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepolia" title="Sepolia">Sepolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Square" title="Syntagma Square">Syntagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiseio" title="Thiseio">Thiseio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymarakia" title="Thymarakia">Thymarakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treis_Gefyres" title="Treis Gefyres">Treis Gefyres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votanikos" title="Votanikos">Votanikos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elaionas" title="Elaionas">Elaionas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_regions_of_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Regions_of_Greece" title="Template:Capitals of Regions of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Regions_of_Greece" title="Template talk:Capitals of Regions of Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Regions_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Regions of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_regions_of_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modern_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern regions of Greece">Capitals of regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Athens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_(city)" title="Corfu (city)">Corfu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands_(region)" title="Ionian Islands (region)">Ionian Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina">Ioannina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)">Epirus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komotini" title="Komotini">Komotini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozani" title="Kozani">Kozani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamia_(city)" title="Lamia (city)">Lamia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Greece_(administrative_region)" title="Central Greece (administrative region)">Central Greece</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mytilene" title="Mytilene">Mytilene</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Aegean" title="North Aegean">North Aegean</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="West Greece">West Greece</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermoupoli" title="Ermoupoli">Ermoupoli</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Aegean" title="South Aegean">South Aegean</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Greece" title="Tripoli, Greece">Tripoli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peloponnese_(region)" title="Peloponnese (region)">Peloponnese</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Attica_Region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Attica" title="Template:Attica"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Attica" title="Template talk:Attica"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Attica" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Attica"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Attica_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greece" title="Administrative divisions of Greece">Administrative divisions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">Attica</a> Region</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Area</dt> <dd>3,808 km<sup>2</sup> (1,470 sq mi)</dd> <dt>Population</dt> <dd>3,827,624 (as of 2011)</dd> <dt>Municipalities</dt> <dd>66 (since <a href="/wiki/Kallikratis_Programme" title="Kallikratis Programme">2011</a>)</dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Athens</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Central_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="Central Athens (regional unit)">Central Athens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafni-Ymittos" title="Dafni-Ymittos">Dafni-Ymittos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Filadelfeia-Nea_Chalkidona" title="Nea Filadelfeia-Nea Chalkidona">Nea Filadelfeia-Nea Chalkidona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatsi" title="Galatsi">Galatsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilioupoli" title="Ilioupoli">Ilioupoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisariani" title="Kaisariani">Kaisariani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyronas" title="Vyronas">Vyronas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zografou" title="Zografou">Zografou</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Periferia_Attikis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Periferia_Attikis.png/120px-Periferia_Attikis.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Periferia_Attikis.png/180px-Periferia_Attikis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Periferia_Attikis.png/240px-Periferia_Attikis.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/North_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="North Athens (regional unit)">North Athens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Paraskevi" title="Agia Paraskevi">Agia Paraskevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalandri" title="Chalandri">Chalandri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filothei-Psychiko" title="Filothei-Psychiko">Filothei-Psychiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irakleio,_Attica" title="Irakleio, Attica">Irakleio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifissia" title="Kifissia">Kifissia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykovrysi-Pefki" title="Lykovrysi-Pefki">Lykovrysi-Pefki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marousi" title="Marousi">Marousi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamorfosi" title="Metamorfosi">Metamorfosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Ionia" title="Nea Ionia">Nea Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papagou-Cholargos" title="Papagou-Cholargos">Papagou-Cholargos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penteli,_Greece" title="Penteli, Greece">Penteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrilissia" title="Vrilissia">Vrilissia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/West_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="West Athens (regional unit)">West Athens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Varvara" title="Agia Varvara">Agia Varvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Anargyroi-Kamatero" title="Agioi Anargyroi-Kamatero">Agioi Anargyroi-Kamatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigaleo" title="Aigaleo">Aigaleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidari" title="Haidari">Haidari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilion,_Greece" title="Ilion, Greece">Ilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristeri" title="Peristeri">Peristeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroupoli" title="Petroupoli">Petroupoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/South_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="South Athens (regional unit)">South Athens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Dimitrios" title="Agios Dimitrios">Agios Dimitrios </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alimos" title="Alimos">Alimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliniko-Argyroupoli" title="Elliniko-Argyroupoli">Elliniko-Argyroupoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyfada" title="Glyfada">Glyfada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moschato-Tavros" title="Moschato-Tavros">Moschato-Tavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Smyrni" title="Nea Smyrni">Nea Smyrni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaio_Faliro" title="Palaio Faliro">Palaio Faliro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_(regional_unit)" title="Piraeus (regional unit)">Piraeus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keratsini-Drapetsona" title="Keratsini-Drapetsona">Keratsini-Drapetsona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korydallos" title="Korydallos">Korydallos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikaia-Agios_Ioannis_Renti" title="Nikaia-Agios Ioannis Renti">Nikaia-Agios Ioannis Renti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perama" title="Perama">Perama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/East_Attica" title="East Attica">East Attica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acharnes" title="Acharnes">Acharnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysos,_Greece" title="Dionysos, Greece">Dionysos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kropia" title="Kropia">Kropia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavreotiki" title="Lavreotiki">Lavreotiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markopoulo_Mesogaias" title="Markopoulo Mesogaias">Markopoulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oropos" title="Oropos">Oropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiania" title="Paiania">Paiania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallini" title="Pallini">Pallini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafina-Pikermi" title="Rafina-Pikermi">Rafina-Pikermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saronikos,_Attica" title="Saronikos, Attica">Saronikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spata-Artemida" title="Spata-Artemida">Spata-Artemida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vari-Voula-Vouliagmeni" title="Vari-Voula-Vouliagmeni">Vari-Voula-Vouliagmeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/West_Attica" title="West Attica">West Attica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspropyrgos" title="Aspropyrgos">Aspropyrgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyli" title="Fyli">Fyli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandra-Eidyllia" title="Mandra-Eidyllia">Mandra-Eidyllia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Islands_(regional_unit)" title="Islands (regional unit)">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agistri" title="Agistri">Agistri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(island)" title="Hydra (island)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kythira" title="Kythira">Kythira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poros" title="Poros">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamis_Island" title="Salamis Island">Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spetses" title="Spetses">Spetses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troizinia-Methana" title="Troizinia-Methana">Troizinia-Methana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Regional governor</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Giorgios_Patoulis" title="Giorgios Patoulis">Giorgios Patoulis</a></dd> <dt>Decentralized Administration</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Administration_of_Attica" title="Decentralized Administration of Attica">Attica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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cities of European Union member states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capital_cities_of_European_Union_member_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capital cities of European Union member states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Capital_cities_of_the_member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg/45px-Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg/68px-Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg/90px-Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>:</small><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Athens</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens"><img alt="Athens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Insigne_Athenarum.svg/45px-Insigne_Athenarum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Insigne_Athenarum.svg/68px-Insigne_Athenarum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Insigne_Athenarum.svg/90px-Insigne_Athenarum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg/45px-Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg/68px-Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg/90px-Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="501" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava"><img alt="Bratislava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg/45px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg/68px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="580" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels"><img alt="Brussels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg/45px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg/68px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest"><img alt="Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg/45px-ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg/68px-ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg/90px-ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="332" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest"><img alt="Budapest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Insigne_Budapestini.svg/45px-Insigne_Budapestini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Insigne_Budapestini.svg/68px-Insigne_Budapestini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Insigne_Budapestini.svg/90px-Insigne_Budapestini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen"><img alt="Copenhagen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="264" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin"><img alt="Dublin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Insigne_Eblanae.svg/45px-Insigne_Eblanae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Insigne_Eblanae.svg/68px-Insigne_Eblanae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Insigne_Eblanae.svg/90px-Insigne_Eblanae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki"><img alt="Helsinki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Helsinki.vaakuna.svg/45px-Helsinki.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Helsinki.vaakuna.svg/68px-Helsinki.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Helsinki.vaakuna.svg/90px-Helsinki.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="578" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon"><img alt="Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Insigne_Olipsionis.svg/45px-Insigne_Olipsionis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Insigne_Olipsionis.svg/68px-Insigne_Olipsionis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Insigne_Olipsionis.svg/90px-Insigne_Olipsionis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana"><img alt="Ljubljana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Insigne_Aemonae.svg/45px-Insigne_Aemonae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Insigne_Aemonae.svg/68px-Insigne_Aemonae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Insigne_Aemonae.svg/90px-Insigne_Aemonae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City"><img alt="Luxembourg City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg/45px-EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg/68px-EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg/90px-EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid"><img alt="Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg/45px-Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg/68px-Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg/90px-Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="926" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris"><img alt="Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Insigne_Lutetiae.svg/45px-Insigne_Lutetiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Insigne_Lutetiae.svg/68px-Insigne_Lutetiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Insigne_Lutetiae.svg/90px-Insigne_Lutetiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague"><img alt="Prague" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Insigne_Pragae.svg/45px-Insigne_Pragae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Insigne_Pragae.svg/68px-Insigne_Pragae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Insigne_Pragae.svg/90px-Insigne_Pragae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga"><img alt="Riga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Insigne_Rigae.svg/45px-Insigne_Rigae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Insigne_Rigae.svg/68px-Insigne_Rigae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Insigne_Rigae.svg/90px-Insigne_Rigae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome"><img alt="Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Insigne_Romanum.svg/45px-Insigne_Romanum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Insigne_Romanum.svg/68px-Insigne_Romanum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Insigne_Romanum.svg/90px-Insigne_Romanum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia"><img alt="Sofia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Insigne_Serdicae.svg/45px-Insigne_Serdicae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Insigne_Serdicae.svg/68px-Insigne_Serdicae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Insigne_Serdicae.svg/90px-Insigne_Serdicae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm"><img alt="Stockholm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Insigne_Holmiae.svg/45px-Insigne_Holmiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Insigne_Holmiae.svg/68px-Insigne_Holmiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Insigne_Holmiae.svg/90px-Insigne_Holmiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn"><img alt="Tallinn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="357" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta"><img alt="Valletta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Insigne_Valettae.svg/45px-Insigne_Valettae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Insigne_Valettae.svg/68px-Insigne_Valettae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Insigne_Valettae.svg/90px-Insigne_Valettae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna"><img alt="Vienna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Vindobonae.svg/45px-Insigne_Vindobonae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Vindobonae.svg/68px-Insigne_Vindobonae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Vindobonae.svg/90px-Insigne_Vindobonae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius"><img alt="Vilnius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="561" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw"><img alt="Warsaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Insigne_Varsoviae.svg/45px-Insigne_Varsoviae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Insigne_Varsoviae.svg/68px-Insigne_Varsoviae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Insigne_Varsoviae.svg/90px-Insigne_Varsoviae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb"><img alt="Zagreb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg/45px-Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg/68px-Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg/90px-Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_and_history" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Culture_and_history" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture and history</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_landmarks_of_Athens" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Landmarks_in_Athens" title="Template:Landmarks in Athens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Landmarks_in_Athens" title="Template talk:Landmarks in Athens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Landmarks_in_Athens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Landmarks in Athens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_landmarks_of_Athens" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major landmarks of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Athens</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Agora_of_Athens" title="Ancient Agora of Athens">Ancient Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Hadrian_(Athens)" title="Arch of Hadrian (Athens)">Arch of Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus" title="Areopagus">Areopagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_(classical)" title="Lyceum (classical)">Aristotle’s Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Library" title="Hadrian's Library">Hadrian's Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerameikos" title="Kerameikos">Kerameikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choragic_Monument_of_Lysicrates" title="Choragic Monument of Lysicrates">Monument of Lysicrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus" title="Odeon of Herodes Atticus">Odeon of Herodes Atticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philopappos_Monument" title="Philopappos Monument">Philopappos Hill/Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy" title="Platonic Academy">Platonic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnyx" title="Pnyx">Pnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotzia_Square#Excavations" title="Kotzia Square">Remains of the Acharnian Road, Acharnian Gate and Cemetery Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Remains of the Long Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Agora" title="Roman Agora">Roman Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoa_of_Attalos" title="Stoa of Attalos">Stoa of Attalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Temple of Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Athens" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens">Temple of Olympian Zeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_the_Winds" title="Tower of the Winds">Tower of the Winds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Byzantine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Metropolis" title="Little Metropolis">Little Metropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphni_Monastery" title="Daphni Monastery">Daphni Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles,_Athens" title="Church of the Holy Apostles, Athens">Holy Apostles Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Panagia_Kapnikarea" title="Church of Panagia Kapnikarea">Kapnikarea Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Pantanassa,_Athens" title="Church of the Pantanassa, Athens">Pantanassa Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Athens" title="Church of the Holy Trinity, Athens">Holy Trinity Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fethiye_Mosque_(Athens)" title="Fethiye Mosque (Athens)">Fethiye Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philothei" class="mw-redirect" title="Philothei">House of Saint Philothei/Benizelos-Palaiologos mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzistarakis_Mosque" title="Tzistarakis Mosque">Tzistarakis Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Greece" title="History of modern Greece">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theophil_Hansen" title="Theophil Hansen">Hansen</a>'s "Trilogy"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">Kapodistrian University of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">National Library of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acropolis_Museum" title="Acropolis Museum">Acropolis Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benaki_Museum" title="Benaki Museum">Benaki Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_and_Christian_Museum" title="Byzantine and Christian Museum">Byzantine and Christian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulandris_Museum_of_Cycladic_Art" title="Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art">Museum of Cycladic Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerameikos_Archaeological_Museum" title="Kerameikos Archaeological Museum">Kerameikos Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_(Athens)" title="National Gallery (Athens)">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Museum,_Athens" title="National Historical Museum, Athens">National Historical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens" title="Numismatic Museum of Athens">Numismatic Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens" title="Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens">Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite">Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Irene_church,_Athens" title="Saint Irene church, Athens">Saint Irene church, Athens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gardens/Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lycabettus" title="Mount Lycabettus">Lycabettus Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Garden,_Athens" title="National Garden, Athens">National Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedion_tou_Areos" title="Pedion tou Areos">Pedion tou Areos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squares and<br />Neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anafiotika" title="Anafiotika">Anafiotika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonaki_Square" title="Kolonaki Square">Kolonaki Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotzia_Square" title="Kotzia Square">Kotzia Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastiraki" title="Monastiraki">Monastiraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omonoia_Square" title="Omonoia Square">Omonoia Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaka" title="Plaka">Plaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Square" title="Syntagma Square">Syntagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiseio" title="Thiseio">Thiseio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Athens)" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Athens)">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Concert_Hall" title="Athens Concert Hall">Athens Concert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Towers" title="Athens Towers">Athens Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadius_Library" title="Gennadius Library">Gennadius Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_of_Greece" title="National Theatre of Greece">National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_Athens" title="Old Parliament House, Athens">Old Parliament House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Royal_Palace" title="Old Royal Palace">Old Royal Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Olympic_Sports_Complex" title="Athens Olympic Sports Complex">Olympic Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Mansion,_Athens" title="Presidential Mansion, Athens">Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center">Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinas">Marinas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Kosmas_Olympic_Sailing_Centre" title="Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre">Agios Kosmas Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alimos" title="Alimos">Alimos Marina</a></li> <li>Athens Marina (formerly Faliro Marina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyfada" title="Glyfada">Glyfada Marina</a></li> <li>Olympic Marine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouliagmeni" title="Vouliagmeni">Marina of Vouliagmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Marina of Zea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dionysiou_Areopagitou_Street" title="Dionysiou Areopagitou Street">Dionysiou Areopagitou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermou_Street_(Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermou Street (Athens)">Ermou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Cemetery_of_Athens" title="First Cemetery of Athens">First Cemetery of Athens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Museums_in_Athens" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Museums_in_Athens" title="Template:Museums in Athens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Museums_in_Athens" title="Template talk:Museums in Athens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Museums_in_Athens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Museums in Athens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Museums_in_Athens" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Museums in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Athens</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acropolis_Museum" title="Acropolis Museum">Acropolis Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigraphical_Museum" title="Epigraphical Museum">Epigraphical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulandris_Museum_of_Cycladic_Art" title="Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art">Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerameikos_Archaeological_Museum" title="Kerameikos Archaeological Museum">Kerameikos Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Pavlos_and_Alexandra_Kanellopoulou" title="Museum of Pavlos and Alexandra Kanellopoulou">Kanellopoulou Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoa_of_Attalos" title="Stoa of Attalos">Stoa of Attalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Piraeus" title="Archaeological Museum of Piraeus">Archaeological Museum of Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Acropolis_Museum" title="Old Acropolis Museum">Old Acropolis Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieridis_Museum" title="Pieridis Museum">Pieridis Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Metro_Station_Archaeological_Collection" title="Syntagma Metro Station Archaeological Collection">Syntagma Metro Station Archaeological Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Center_for_the_Acropolis_Studies" title="Museum of the Center for the Acropolis Studies">Museum of the Center for the Acropolis Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_International_Airport_Archaeological_Collection" title="Athens International Airport Archaeological Collection">Athens International Airport Archaeological Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Byzantine and ecclesiastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_and_Christian_Museum" title="Byzantine and Christian Museum">Byzantine and Christian Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnological/historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athens_War_Museum" title="Athens War Museum">Athens War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drossinis_Museum" title="Drossinis Museum">Drossinis Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos_Historical_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleftherios Venizelos Historical Museum">Eleftherios Venizelos Historical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulandris_Natural_History_Museum" title="Goulandris Natural History Museum">Goulandris Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Greece" title="Jewish Museum of Greece">Jewish Museum of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_City_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the City of Athens">Museum of the City of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Museum,_Athens" title="National Historical Museum, Athens">National Historical Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folklore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Greek_Folk_Art" title="Museum of Greek Folk Art">Museum of Greek Folk Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Greek_Folk_Musical_Instruments" title="Museum of Greek Folk Musical Instruments">Museum of Greek Folk Musical Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Traditional_Pottery" title="Centre for the Study of Traditional Pottery">Centre for the Study of Traditional Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_History_of_the_Greek_Costume" title="Museum of the History of the Greek Costume">Museum of the History of the Greek Costume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art museums/galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athinais_Cultural_Center" title="Athinais Cultural Center">Athinais Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benaki_Museum" title="Benaki Museum">Benaki Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._%26_M._Theocharakis_Foundation" title="B. & M. Theocharakis Foundation">B. & M. Theocharakis Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deste_Foundation" title="Deste Foundation">Deste Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emfietzoglou_Gallery_Museum" title="Emfietzoglou Gallery Museum">Emfietzoglou Gallery Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frissiras_Museum" title="Frissiras Museum">Frissiras Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulandris_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Goulandris Museum of Contemporary Art">Goulandris Museum of Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gounaropoulos_Museum" title="Gounaropoulos Museum">Gounaropoulos Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilias_Lalaounis_Jewelry_Museum" title="Ilias Lalaounis Jewelry Museum">Ilias Lalaounis Jewelry Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marika_Kotopouli_Museum" title="Marika Kotopouli Museum">Marika Kotopouli Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Gallery_of_Athens" title="Municipal Gallery of Athens">Municipal Gallery of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_(Athens)" title="National Gallery (Athens)">National Gallery (Athens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Glyptotheque" title="National Glyptotheque">National Glyptotheque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Athens" title="National Museum of Contemporary Art, Athens">National Museum of Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Chatzikyriakos-Gikas_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikos Chatzikyriakos-Gikas Art Gallery">Nikos Chatzikyriakos-Gikas Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panos_Aravantinos_Decor_Museum" title="Panos Aravantinos Decor Museum">Panos Aravantinos Decor Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yannis_Tsarouchis_Foundation_Museum" title="Yannis Tsarouchis Foundation Museum">Yannis Tsarouchis Foundation Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry/technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenides_Foundation" title="Eugenides Foundation">Eugenides Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force_Museum" title="Hellenic Air Force Museum">Hellenic Air Force Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Motor_Museum" title="Hellenic Motor Museum">Hellenic Motor Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Museum_of_Athens" title="Railway Museum of Athens">Railway Museum of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Railways_Museum_of_Piraeus" title="Electric Railways Museum of Piraeus">Electric Railways Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTE#OTE_Telecoms_Museum" title="OTE">OTE Museum of Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technopolis_(Gazi)" title="Technopolis (Gazi)">Technopolis (Gazi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education/sports/<br />special interests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athens_University_Museum" title="Athens University Museum">Athens University Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Children%27s_Museum" title="Hellenic Children's Museum">Hellenic Children's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Cosmos" title="Hellenic Cosmos">Hellenic Cosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Maritime_Museum" title="Hellenic Maritime Museum">Hellenic Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Geology_and_Geoenvironment_(University_of_Athens)#Museums" title="Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment (University of Athens)">Mineralogy and Petrology Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Anthropology,_University_of_Athens" title="Museum of Anthropology, University of Athens">Museum of Anthropology of University of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Criminology_(Athens)" title="Museum of Criminology (Athens)">Museum of Criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens" title="Numismatic Museum of Athens">Numismatic Museum of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_%26_Philatelic_Museum_of_Greece" title="Postal & Philatelic Museum of Greece">Postal & Philatelic Museum of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spathario_Museum" title="Spathario Museum">Spathario Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactual_Museum_of_Athens" title="Tactual Museum of Athens">Tactual Museum of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_Museum_of_Greece" title="Theatrical Museum of Greece">Theatrical Museum of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoological_Museum_of_the_University_of_Athens" title="Zoological Museum of the University of Athens">Zoological Museum of the University of Athens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museum ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cruiser_Georgios_Averof" title="Greek cruiser Georgios Averof"><i>Georgios Averof</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Charrette_(DD-581)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Charrette (DD-581)"><i>Velos</i> D16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Hellas_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Hellas Liberty">SS <i>Hellas Liberty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympias_(trireme)" title="Olympias (trireme)"><i>Olympias</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Streets_in_Athens" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Streets_in_Athens" title="Template:Streets in Athens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Streets_in_Athens" title="Template talk:Streets in Athens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Streets_in_Athens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Streets in Athens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Streets_in_Athens" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Athens" title="List of streets in Athens">Streets in Athens</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3_Septemvriou_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3 Septemvriou Street (page does not exist)">3 Septemvriou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agiou_Konstantinou_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agiou Konstantinou Street (page does not exist)">Agiou Konstantinou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiolou_Street" title="Aiolou Street">Aiolou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akadimias_Street" title="Akadimias Street">Akadimias Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandras_Avenue" title="Alexandras Avenue">Alexandras Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalias_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalias Avenue">Amalias Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Syngrou_Avenue" title="Andrea Syngrou Avenue">Andrea Syngrou Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasiou_Diakou_Street" title="Athanasiou Diakou Street">Athanasiou Diakou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athinas_Street" title="Athinas Street">Athinas Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athinon_Avenue" title="Athinon Avenue">Athinon Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acharnon_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acharnon Street (page does not exist)">Acharnon Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benaki_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benaki Street (page does not exist)">Benaki Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermou_Street_(Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermou Street (Athens)">Ermou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioanninon_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioanninon Avenue (page does not exist)">Ioanninon Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iera_Odos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iera Odos (page does not exist)">Iera Odos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kallirois_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kallirois Avenue (page does not exist)">Kallirois Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katechaki_Avenue" title="Katechaki Avenue">Katechaki Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifisias_Avenue" title="Kifisias Avenue">Kifisias Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(Athenian_plain)" title="Cephissus (Athenian plain)">Kifissou Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinoupoleos_Avenue" title="Konstantinoupoleos Avenue">Konstantinoupoleos Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenormant_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenormant Street (page does not exist)">Lenormant Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makri_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makri Street (page does not exist)">Makri Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mavromichali_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mavromichali Street (page does not exist)">Mavromichali Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesogeion_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesogeion Avenue">Mesogeion Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michalopoulou_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michalopoulou Street (page does not exist)">Michalopoulou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitropoleos_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitropoleos Street (page does not exist)">Mitropoleos Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangratiou_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangratiou Street (page does not exist)">Pangratiou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panepistimiou_Street" title="Panepistimiou Street">Panepistimiou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patission_Street" title="Patission Street">Patission Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsi_Street" title="Patsi Street">Patsi Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peiraios_Street" title="Peiraios Street">Peiraios Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrou_Ralli_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrou Ralli Avenue (page does not exist)">Petrou Ralli Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rizari_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rizari Street (page does not exist)">Rizari Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofokleous_Street" title="Sofokleous Street">Sofokleous Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadiou_Street" title="Stadiou Street">Stadiou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasileos_Konstantinou_Avenue" title="Vasileos Konstantinou Avenue">Vasileos Konstantinou Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasilissis_Sofias_Avenue" title="Vasilissis Sofias Avenue">Vasilissis Sofias Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouliagmenis_Avenue" title="Vouliagmenis Avenue">Vouliagmenis Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary and local streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antigonis_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antigonis Street (page does not exist)">Antigonis Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysiou_Areopagitou_Street" title="Dionysiou Areopagitou Street">Dionysiou Areopagitou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eynardou_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eynardou Street (page does not exist)">Eynardou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fokionos_Negri_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fokionos Negri Street (page does not exist)">Fokionos Negri Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodou_Attikou_Street" title="Herodou Attikou Street">Herodou Attikou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kallirois_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kallirois Street (page does not exist)">Kallirois Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lykourgou_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lykourgou Street (page does not exist)">Lykourgou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandrossou_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandrossou Street (page does not exist)">Pandrossou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petmeza_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petmeza Street (page does not exist)">Petmeza Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santarosa_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santarosa Street (page does not exist)">Santarosa Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veikou_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veikou Street (page does not exist)">Veikou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voukourestiou_Street" title="Voukourestiou Street">Voukourestiou Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolonaki_Square" title="Kolonaki Square">Kolonaki Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotzia_Square" title="Kotzia Square">Kotzia Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastiraki" title="Monastiraki">Monastiraki Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omonoia_Square" title="Omonoia Square">Omonoia Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Square" title="Syntagma Square">Syntagma Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suburban roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimou_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alimou Street (page does not exist)">Alimou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athinas_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athinas Avenue (page does not exist)">Athinas Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulof_Palme_Street,_Athens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulof Palme Street, Athens (page does not exist)">Ulof Palme Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doukissis_Plakentias_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doukissis Plakentias Avenue (page does not exist)">Doukissis Plakentias Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidonos_Avenue" title="Poseidonos Avenue">Poseidonos Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiseos_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiseos Street (page does not exist)">Thiseos Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Highways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attiki_Odos" title="Attiki Odos">Attiki Odos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A65_motorway_(Greece)" title="A65 motorway (Greece)">Aigaleo Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A62_motorway_(Greece)" title="A62 motorway (Greece)">Hymettus Ring Road</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Athens" title="List of streets in Athens">List of streets in Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_streets_in_Attica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of streets in Attica (page does not exist)">List of streets in Attica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_streets_in_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of streets in Greece (page does not exist)">List of streets in Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Capitals_of_Culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template talk:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capitals of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">1985</span></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Athens</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1986</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1987</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1988</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1989</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1990</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1991</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1992</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1993</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1994</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1995</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1996</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1997</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1998</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1999</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2000</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2001</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2002</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2003</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2004</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2005</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2006</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2007</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2008</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2009</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2010</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2011</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2012</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2013</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2014</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2015</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2016</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2017</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2018</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2019</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2020-April 2021</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2022</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2023</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2024</span></dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a></b></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2025</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica" title="Nova Gorica">Nova Gorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2026</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2027</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template talk:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Timeline of ancient Greece">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="HistoryGeography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece" title="History of Greece">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages" title="Greek Dark Ages">Greek Dark Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Roman_era" title="Greece in the Roman era">Roman Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Hellespont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">Ancient Greek colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="City_statesPoliticsMilitary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Argos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Argos">Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcis" title="Chalcis">Chalcis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Kerkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopolis,_Greece" title="Megalopolis, Greece">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissus_(Crete)" title="Lissus (Crete)">Lissus (Crete)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bithynia" title="Kingdom of Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia" title="Kingdom of Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federations</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doric Hexapolis</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiotes#Italiote_League" title="Italiotes">Italiote League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span>–389 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_League" title="Ionian League">Ionian League</a> (c. 650–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_League" title="Peloponnesian League">Peloponnesian League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550</span>–366 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonic_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphictyonic League">Amphictyonic League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 595</span>–279 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarnanian_League" title="Acarnanian League">Acarnanian League</a> (c. 500–31 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Hellenic League</a> (499–449 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a> (478–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcidian_League" title="Chalcidian League">Chalcidian League</a> (430–348 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia#Boeotian_League" title="Boeotia">Boeotian League</a> (c. 424–c. 395 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetolian_League" title="Aetolian League">Aetolian League</a> (c. 400–188 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Athenian_League" title="Second Athenian League">Second Athenian League</a> (378–355 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalian_League" title="Thessalian League">Thessalian League</a> (374–196 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadian_League" title="Arcadian League">Arcadian League</a> (370–c. 230 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_League" title="Epirote League">Epirote League</a> (370–168 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">League of Corinth</a> (338–322 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euboean_League" title="Euboean League">Euboean League</a> (c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a> (280–146 BC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boule_(ancient_Greece)" title="Boule (ancient Greece)">Boule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_city_(classical_antiquity)" title="Free city (classical antiquity)">Free city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon" title="Koinon">Koinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxeny" title="Proxeny">Proxeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Stasis (ancient Greece)">Stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagus_(title)" title="Tagus (title)">Tagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">Tyrant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Athenian_democracy" title="Athenian democracy">Athenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus" title="Areopagus">Areopagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(ancient_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesia (ancient Athens)">Ecclesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphe_paranomon" title="Graphe paranomon">Graphe paranomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliaia" title="Heliaia">Heliaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">Ostracism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Constitution" title="Spartan Constitution">Spartan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(Sparta)" title="Ecclesia (Sparta)">Ekklesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephor" title="Ephor">Ephor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerousia" title="Gerousia">Gerousia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synedrion" title="Synedrion">Synedrion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon_of_Macedonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinon of Macedonians">Koinon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Greece" title="List of wars involving Greece">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_military" title="Athenian military">Athenian military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_archers" title="Scythian archers">Scythian archers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_Macedonian_army" title="Antigonid Macedonian army">Antigonid Macedonian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_army" title="Ancient Macedonian army">Army of Macedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_archers" title="Cretan archers">Cretan archers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_armies" title="Hellenistic armies">Hellenistic armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippeis" title="Hippeis">Hippeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">Hoplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_cavalry" title="Companion cavalry">Hetairoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phalanx" title="Macedonian phalanx">Macedonian phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mycenaean_Greece" title="Military of Mycenaean Greece">Military of Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx" title="Phalanx">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltast" title="Peltast">Peltast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pezhetairos" title="Pezhetairos">Pezhetairos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarissa" title="Sarissa">Sarissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Band_of_Thebes" title="Sacred Band of Thebes">Sacred Band of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciritae" title="Sciritae">Sciritae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_army" title="Seleucid army">Seleucid army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_army" title="Spartan army">Spartan army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">Strategos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxotai" title="Toxotai">Toxotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyston" title="Xyston">Xyston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greeks" title="Category:Ancient Greeks">People</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_ancient_Greeks"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">List of ancient Greeks</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rulers_of_Greece#Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of rulers of Greece">Rulers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Argos" title="List of kings of Argos">Kings of Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponymous_archon" title="Eponymous archon">Archons of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Athens" title="List of kings of Athens">Kings of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Commagene">Kings of Commagene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">Diadochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Macedonia" title="List of kings of Macedonia">Kings of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Thrace_and_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia">Kings of Paionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Attalid kings of Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of Pontus">Kings of Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Sparta" title="List of kings of Sparta">Kings of Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tyrants_of_Syracuse" title="List of tyrants of Syracuse">Tyrants of Syracuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists & scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_astronomers" title="List of ancient Greek astronomers">Astronomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Graeco-Roman_geographers" title="List of Graeco-Roman geographers">Geographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_historians" title="List of ancient Greek historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_mathematicians" title="List of ancient Greek mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_philosophers" title="List of ancient Greek philosophers">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_playwrights" title="List of ancient Greek playwrights">Playwrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_poets" title="List of ancient Greek poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_Greece" title="Seven Sages of Greece">Seven Sages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_writers" title="List of ancient Greek writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras" title="Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximander" title="Anaximander">Anaximander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximenes_of_Miletus" title="Anaximenes of Miletus">Anaximenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisthenes" title="Antisthenes">Antisthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes" title="Diogenes">Diogenes of Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgias" title="Gorgias">Gorgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypatia" title="Hypatia">Hypatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucippus" title="Leucippus">Leucippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenides" title="Parmenides">Parmenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus" title="Thales of Miletus">Thales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea" title="Zeno of Elea">Zeno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Authors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesop" title="Aesop">Aesop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcaeus of Mytilene">Alcaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archilochus" title="Archilochus">Archilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipponax" title="Hipponax">Hipponax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibycus" title="Ibycus">Ibycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimnermus" title="Mimnermus">Mimnermus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyassis" title="Panyassis">Panyassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philocles" title="Philocles">Philocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonides_of_Ceos" title="Simonides of Ceos">Simonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stesichorus" title="Stesichorus">Stesichorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theognis_of_Megara" title="Theognis of Megara">Theognis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timocreon" title="Timocreon">Timocreon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrtaeus" title="Tyrtaeus">Tyrtaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Athenian_statesmen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Athenian statesmen">Athenian statesmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_lawgivers" title="List of ancient Greek lawgivers">Lawgivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Olympic_victors" title="List of ancient Olympic victors">Olympic victors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tyrants" title="List of ancient Greek tyrants">Tyrants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tribes" title="List of ancient Greek tribes">Ancient Greek tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thracian_Greeks" title="List of Thracian Greeks">Thracian Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Macedonians" title="List of ancient Macedonians">Ancient Macedonians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="SocietyCulture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Greece" title="Agriculture in ancient Greece">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Greece" title="Clothing in ancient Greece">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_coinage" title="Ancient Greek coinage">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporium_(antiquity)" title="Emporium (antiquity)">Emporium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euergetism" title="Euergetism">Euergetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_festivals" title="Athenian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_folklore" title="Ancient Greek folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in ancient Greece">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_law" title="Ancient Greek law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Prostitution in ancient Greece">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Greece" title="Slavery in ancient Greece">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_ancient_Greece" title="Marriage in ancient Greece">Wedding customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Arts</a> and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy" title="Ancient Greek astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mathematics" title="Greek mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_medicine" title="Ancient Greek medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_ancient_Greece" title="Music of ancient Greece">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_system_of_ancient_Greece" title="Musical system of ancient Greece">Musical system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpture" title="Ancient Greek sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_technology" title="Ancient Greek technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">Funeral and burial practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">mythological figures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Sacred places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_Treasury" title="Athenian Treasury">Athenian Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Gate" title="Lion Gate">Lion Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Long Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippeion" title="Philippeion">Philippeion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_of_Eupalinos" title="Tunnel of Eupalinos">Tunnel of Eupalinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_Nike" title="Temple of Athena Nike">Athena Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hera,_Olympia" title="Temple of Hera, Olympia">Hera, Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Zeus,_Olympia" title="Temple of Zeus, Olympia">Zeus, Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek" title="Arcadocypriot Greek">Arcadocypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek">Doric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylian_Greek" title="Pamphylian Greek">Pamphylian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Greek_alphabet" title="History of the Greek alphabet">Writing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Greek_colonisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">Greek colonisation</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland<br />Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lecce" title="Lecce">Alision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brentesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caulonia_(ancient_city)" title="Caulonia (ancient city)">Caulonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casabona" title="Casabona">Chone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Croton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velia" title="Velia">Elea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Lucania" title="Heraclea Lucania">Heraclea Lucania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibo_Valentia" title="Vibo Valentia">Hipponion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Hydrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krimisa" title="Krimisa">Krimisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%BCs" title="Laüs">Laüs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locri" title="Locri">Locri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medma" title="Medma">Medma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metauros" title="Metauros">Metauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapontum" title="Metapontum">Metapontion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Neápolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandosia_(Lucania)" title="Pandosia (Lucania)">Pandosia (Lucania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Poseidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policastro_Bussentino" title="Policastro Bussentino">Pixous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Rhegion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylletium" title="Scylletium">Scylletium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siris_(Magna_Graecia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siris (Magna Graecia)">Siris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris" title="Sybaris">Sybaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris_on_the_Traeis" title="Sybaris on the Traeis">Sybaris on the Traeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terina_(ancient_city)" title="Terina (ancient city)">Terina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurii" title="Thurii">Thurii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Akragas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrai" title="Akrai">Akrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrillai" title="Akrillai">Akrillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Sicily)" title="Apollonia (Sicily)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caronia" title="Caronia">Calacte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casmenae" title="Casmenae">Casmenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helorus" title="Helorus">Helorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enna" title="Enna">Henna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himera" title="Himera">Himera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Gereatis" title="Hybla Gereatis">Hybla Gereatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Heraea" title="Hybla Heraea">Hybla Heraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily" title="Kamarina, Sicily">Kamarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentini" title="Lentini">Leontinoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara_Hyblaea" title="Megara Hyblaea">Megara Hyblaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos_(Sicily)" title="Naxos (Sicily)">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Tauromenion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciacca" title="Sciacca">Thermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindari" title="Tindari">Tyndaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salina,_Sicily" title="Salina, Sicily">Didyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panarea" title="Panarea">Euonymos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicudi" title="Alicudi">Ereikousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiluzzo" title="Basiluzzo">Hycesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipari" title="Lipari">Lipara/Meligounis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filicudi" title="Filicudi">Phoenicusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli" title="Stromboli">Strongyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcano" title="Vulcano">Therassía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayda,_Libya" title="Bayda, Libya">Balagrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barca_(ancient_city)" title="Barca (ancient city)">Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Berenice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Cyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Cyrenaica">Apollonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais,_Cyrenaica" title="Ptolemais, Cyrenaica">Ptolemais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villajoyosa" title="Villajoyosa">Alonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%BAries" title="Empúries">Emporion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elche" title="Elche">Helike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9nia" title="Dénia">Hemeroscopion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aljaraque" title="Aljaraque">Kalathousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mart%C3%AD_d%27Emp%C3%BAries" title="Sant Martí d'Empúries">Kypsela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainake_(Greek_settlement)" title="Mainake (Greek settlement)">Mainake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">Menestheus's Limin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pola" title="Santa Pola">Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roses,_Girona" class="mw-redirect" title="Roses, Girona">Rhode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salou" title="Salou">Salauris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagunto" title="Sagunto">Zacynthos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspalathos" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspalathos">Aspalathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB#Early_history" title="Vlorë">Aulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidamnos" title="Epidamnos">Epidamnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidaurum" title="Epidaurum">Epidauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issa_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Issa (polis)">Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina_Korkyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaina Korkyra">Melaina Korkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum_(Illyria)" title="Nymphaeum (Illyria)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricum" title="Oricum">Orikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharos_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharos (polis)">Pharos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragurion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragurion">Tragurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thronion_(Illyria)" title="Thronion (Illyria)">Thronion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a><br />basin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akra_(Crimmerian_Bosporus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akra (Crimmerian Bosporus)">Akra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berezan_Island" title="Berezan Island">Borysthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charax,_Crimea" title="Charax, Crimea">Charax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersonesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Dioscurias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapa" title="Anapa">Gorgippia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmutarakan" title="Tmutarakan">Hermonassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalos_Limen" title="Kalos Limen">Kalos Limen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepoi" title="Kepoi">Kepoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria" title="Yevpatoria">Kerkinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimmerikon" title="Kimmerikon">Kimmerikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmekion" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmekion">Myrmekion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikonion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikonion">Nikonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaion_(Crimea)" title="Nymphaion (Crimea)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olbia_(Pontic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olbia (Pontic)">Olbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantikapaion" title="Pantikapaion">Pantikapaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanagoria" title="Phanagoria">Phanagoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitsunda" title="Pitsunda">Pityus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanais" title="Tanais">Tanais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodosia" title="Feodosia">Theodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyras" title="Tyras">Tyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyritake" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyritake">Tyritake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abonoteichos" title="Abonoteichos">Abonoteichos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Amisos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomorie" title="Pomorie">Anchialos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozopol" title="Sozopol">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazar,_Rize" title="Pazar, Rize">Athina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Bathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balchik" title="Balchik">Dionysopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordu" title="Ordu">Cotyora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytorus" title="Cytorus">Cytorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupatoria_(Pontus)" title="Eupatoria (Pontus)">Eupatoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giresun" title="Giresun">Kerasous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesebar" title="Nesebar">Mesambria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Odessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cnye" title="Ünye">Oinòe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasis_(town)" title="Phasis (town)">Phasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatsa" title="Fatsa">Polemonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize" title="Rize">Rhizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1y%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kıyıköy">Salmydessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasra" title="Amasra">Sesamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terme" title="Terme">Thèrmae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tium" title="Tium">Tium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolis_(Pontus)" title="Tripolis (Pontus)">Tripolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaliche" title="Zaliche">Zaliche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_cities" title="List of ancient Greek cities">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ancient_Epirus" title="List of cities in ancient Epirus">in Epirus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_place_names" title="List of Greek place names">Place names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stoae" title="List of stoae">Stoae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancient_Greek_temples" title="List of Ancient Greek temples">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_theatres" title="List of ancient Greek theatres">Theatres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greece" title="Category:Ancient Greece">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Outline of ancient Greece">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Journeys_of_Paul_the_Apostle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Template:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Template talk:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Journeys_of_Paul_the_Apostle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Journeys of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Seleucia_Pieria" title="Seleucia Pieria">Seleucia</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li>3a. <a href="/wiki/Salamis,_Cyprus" title="Salamis, Cyprus">Salamis</a></li> <li>3b. <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Perga" title="Perga">Perga</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Antioch_of_Pisidia" title="Antioch of Pisidia">Antioch of Pisidia</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Iconium</a></li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a></li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Attalea</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> (returns to beginning of journey)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Troas" title="Alexandria Troas">Alexandria Troas</a>)</li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a></li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Neapolis</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Mygdonia)" title="Apollonia (Mygdonia)">Apollonia</a></li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a></li> <li>12. <a href="/wiki/Berea_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berea (Bible)">Beroea</a></li> <li>13. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Athens</a></li> <li>14. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li>15. <a href="/wiki/Kechries" title="Kechries">Cenchreae</a></li> <li>16. <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li>17. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a></li> <li>18. <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a></li> <li>19. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li>20. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Kechries" title="Kechries">Cenchreae</a></li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a> (again)</li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troas</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Assos" title="Assos">Assos</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Mytilene" title="Mytilene">Mytilene</a></li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a></li> <li>12. <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li>13. <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li>14. <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Cos</a></li> <li>15. <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li>16. <a href="/wiki/Patara_(Lycia)" title="Patara (Lycia)">Patara</a></li> <li>17. <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li>18. <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Ptolemais</a></li> <li>19. <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a></li> <li>20. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027290530">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044351">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Athens&oldid=1259279328">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Athens&oldid=1259279328</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Athens" 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