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<li id="toc-Original_Nicene_Creed_of_325" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_Nicene_Creed_of_325"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Original Nicene Creed of 325</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_Nicene_Creed_of_325-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niceno-Constantinopolitan_Creed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niceno-Constantinopolitan_Creed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niceno-Constantinopolitan_Creed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_between_creed_of_325_and_creed_of_381" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_between_creed_of_325_and_creed_of_381"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Comparison between creed of 325 and creed of 381</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_between_creed_of_325_and_creed_of_381-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filioque_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filioque_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Filioque controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filioque_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_the_importance_of_this_creed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_the_importance_of_this_creed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Views on the importance of this creed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_the_importance_of_this_creed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_liturgical_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_liturgical_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ancient liturgical versions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ancient_liturgical_versions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ancient liturgical versions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ancient_liturgical_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greek_liturgical_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_liturgical_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Greek liturgical text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_liturgical_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_liturgical_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_liturgical_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Latin liturgical version</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_liturgical_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenian_liturgical_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_liturgical_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Armenian liturgical text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_liturgical_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English_translation_of_the_Armenian_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_translation_of_the_Armenian_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>English translation of the Armenian version</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_translation_of_the_Armenian_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_ancient_liturgical_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_ancient_liturgical_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other ancient liturgical versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_ancient_liturgical_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indulgence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indulgence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Indulgence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indulgence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>English translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicene Creed</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geloofsbelydenis_van_Nicea" title="Geloofsbelydenis van Nicea – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geloofsbelydenis van Nicea" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%89%85%E1%8B%AB_%E1%8C%B8%E1%88%8E%E1%89%B0_%E1%88%83%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%96%E1%89%B5" title="የንቅያ ጸሎተ ሃይማኖት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የንቅያ ጸሎተ ሃይማኖት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قانون الإيمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قانون الإيمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Нікейскі сімвал веры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нікейскі сімвал веры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Нікейскі сымбаль веры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нікейскі сымбаль веры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikejski_simbol_vjere" title="Nikejski simbol vjere – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nikejski simbol vjere" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credo_de_Nicea" title="Credo de Nicea – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Credo de Nicea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicejsk%C3%A9_vyzn%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Nicejské vyznání – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nicejské vyznání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekenntnis_von_Nic%C3%A4a" title="Bekenntnis von Nicäa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bekenntnis von Nicäa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikaia_usutunnistus" title="Nikaia usutunnistus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nikaia usutunnistus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo_niceno-constantinopolitano" title="Símbolo niceno-constantinopolitano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Símbolo niceno-constantinopolitano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbolo_Nicea" title="Simbolo Nicea – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Simbolo Nicea" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizeako_kredoa" title="Nizeako kredoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nizeako kredoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%87" title="اعتقادنامه نیقیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اعتقادنامه نیقیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbole_de_Nic%C3%A9e" title="Symbole de Nicée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Symbole de Nicée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chr%C3%A9" title="An Chré – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chré" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84_%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83_%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄 𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌰𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄 𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌰𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BC%80%EC%95%84_%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD" title="니케아 신경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니케아 신경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Նիկիական հանգանակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիկիական հանգանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicejsko_vjerovanje" title="Nicejsko vjerovanje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nicejsko vjerovanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredo_Nikea" title="Kredo Nikea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kredo Nikea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credo_catholic" title="Credo catholic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Credo catholic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolic_crede" title="Catolic crede – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Catolic crede" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Изник ишеним белгиси – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Изник ишеним белгиси" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolum_Nicaenum_Priscum" title="Symbolum Nicaenum Priscum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Symbolum Nicaenum Priscum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABkajas_tic%C4%ABbas_apliec%C4%ABba" title="Nīkajas ticības apliecība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nīkajas ticības apliecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzikiriza_ey%27eNicea" title="Nzikiriza ey'eNicea – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Nzikiriza ey'eNicea" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikaia%E2%80%93konstantin%C3%A1polyi_hitvall%C3%A1s" title="Nikaia–konstantinápolyi hitvallás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nikaia–konstantinápolyi hitvallás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Никејски симбол на верата – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Никејски симбол на верата" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanekem-pinoana_nikeana" title="Fanekem-pinoana nikeana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanekem-pinoana nikeana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="നിഖ്യാ വിശ്വാസപ്രമാണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിഖ്യാ വിശ്വാസപ്രമാണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قانون الايمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قانون الايمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengakuan_Iman_Nicea" title="Pengakuan Iman Nicea – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengakuan Iman Nicea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geloofsbelijdenis_van_Nicea" title="Geloofsbelijdenis van Nicea – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geloofsbelijdenis van Nicea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E4%BF%A1%E6%9D%A1" title="ニカイア信条 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニカイア信条" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_nikenske_trosbekjennelse" title="Den nikenske trosbekjennelse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den nikenske trosbekjennelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_nikenske_truvedkjenninga" title="Den nikenske truvedkjenninga – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den nikenske truvedkjenninga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicejskie_wyznanie_wiary" title="Nicejskie wyznanie wiary – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nicejskie wyznanie wiary" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credo_Niceno" title="Credo Niceno – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Credo Niceno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakiaiben_andar_e_Niceea" title="Pakiaiben andar e Niceea – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Pakiaiben andar e Niceea" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Никейский Символ веры – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Никейский Символ веры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumelo_ya_Nicea" title="Tumelo ya Nicea – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Tumelo ya Nicea" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besojma_e_Nikes%C3%AB" title="Besojma e Nikesë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Besojma e Nikesë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD" title="නයිසීන් ඇදහිල්ල – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නයිසීන් ඇදහිල්ල" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nicene Creed" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicejsk%C3%A9_vyznanie_viery" title="Nicejské vyznanie viery – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nicejské vyznanie viery" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicejska_veroizpoved" title="Nicejska veroizpoved – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nicejska veroizpoved" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Никејски симбол вјере – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Никејски симбол вјере" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikejski_simbol_vjere" title="Nikejski simbol vjere – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nikejski simbol vjere" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikean_uskontunnustus" title="Nikean uskontunnustus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nikean uskontunnustus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaenska_trosbek%C3%A4nnelsen" title="Nicaenska trosbekännelsen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nicaenska trosbekännelsen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredong_Niceno" title="Kredong Niceno – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kredong Niceno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="நைசின் விசுவாச அறிக்கை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நைசின் விசுவாச அறிக்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="หลักข้อเชื่อไนซีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หลักข้อเชื่อไนซีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0znik_%C4%B0nanc%C4%B1" title="İznik İnancı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İznik İnancı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Нікейський символ віри – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нікейський символ віри" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%81" title="نیکیائی عقیدہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیکیائی عقیدہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADn_bi%E1%BB%83u_Nicea" title="Tín biểu Nicea – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tín biểu Nicea" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%BB%8F" title="尼西亚信经 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尼西亚信经" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/220px-Nicaea_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/330px-Nicaea_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/440px-Nicaea_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1388" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a> depicting <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a>, accompanied by the bishops of the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> (325), holding the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed of 381. First line of main text in Greek: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πιστεύω εἰς ἕνα Θ[εό]ν, πατέρα παντοκράτορα, ποιητὴν οὐρανοῦ κ[αὶ] γῆς,</span></span>. Translation: "I believe in one God, the Father the Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth."</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Nicene Creed</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called the <b>Creed of Constantinople</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the defining <a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">statement of belief</a> of Nicene <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in those <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> that adhere to it. </p><p>The original Nicene Creed was first adopted at the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in 325. According to the traditional view, forwarded by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> of 451, the Creed was amended in 381 by the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a> as "consonant to the holy and great Synod of Nice."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many scholars comment on these ancient Councils saying "there is a failure of evidence" for this position since no one between the years of 381–451 thought of it in this light.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, a creed "almost identical in form" was used as early as 374 by <a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">St. Epiphanius of Salamis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the amended form is presently referred to as the Nicene Creed or the <b>Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</b>. J.N.D. Kelly, who stands among historians as an authority on creedal statements, disagrees with the aforementioned assessment. He argues that since Constantinople I was not considered ecumenical until Chalcedon in 451, the absence of documentation during this period does not logically necessitate rejecting it as an expansion of the original Nicene Creed of 325.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nicene Creed is part of the <a href="/wiki/Profession_of_faith" title="Profession of faith">profession of faith</a> required of those undertaking important functions within the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> Churches.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CUAA2024_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CUAA2024-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicene Christianity regards <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> as <a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">divine and "begotten of the Father"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various conflicting theological views existed before the fourth century and these spurred the ecumenical councils which eventually developed the Nicene Creed, and various non-Nicene beliefs have emerged and re-emerged since the fourth century, all of which are considered <a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_Christianity" title="Heresy in Christianity">heresies</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by adherents of Nicene Christianity. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>, the Nicene Creed is in use alongside the less widespread <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WeinandyKeating2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WeinandyKeating2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CUAA2024_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CUAA2024-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, part of it can be found as an "Authorized Affirmation of Faith" in the main volume of the <i><a href="/wiki/Common_Worship" title="Common Worship">Common Worship</a></i> liturgy of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> published in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kantorowicz1957_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kantorowicz1957-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In musical settings, particularly when sung in <a href="/wiki/Latin_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin (language)">Latin</a>, this creed is usually referred to by its first word, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Credo" title="Credo">Credo</a></i></span>. On <a href="/wiki/Sunday_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday worship">Sundays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solemnity" title="Solemnity">solemnities</a>, one of these two creeds is recited in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">homily</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>, the Nicene Creed is sung or recited at the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a>, immediately preceding the <a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Anaphora (eucharistic prayer)</a> is also recited daily at <a href="/wiki/Compline#Compline_in_Byzantine_usage" title="Compline">compline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rylands_Nicene_Creed_papyrus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Rylands_Nicene_Creed_papyrus.jpg/220px-Rylands_Nicene_Creed_papyrus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Rylands_Nicene_Creed_papyrus.jpg/330px-Rylands_Nicene_Creed_papyrus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Rylands_Nicene_Creed_papyrus.jpg/440px-Rylands_Nicene_Creed_papyrus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1318" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The oldest extant manuscript of the Nicene Creed, dated to the 6th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicaea_icon_(cropped_Greek_text_homoousion_tooi_p(a)tri,_Of_one_Being_with_the_Father).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Nicaea_icon_%28cropped_Greek_text_homoousion_tooi_p%28a%29tri%2C_Of_one_Being_with_the_Father%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="56" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="56" /></a><figcaption>Crucial formulation in the Greek of the creed shown in the icon above: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">homoousion tooi p(a)tri</i></span> ('of one Being with the Father')</figcaption></figure> <p>The purpose of a <a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">creed</a> is to provide a doctrinal statement of correct belief among Christians amid controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creeds of Christianity have been drawn up at times of conflict about doctrine: acceptance or rejection of a creed served to distinguish believers and heretics, particularly the adherents of <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For that reason, a creed was called in Greek a <span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">σύμβολον</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">symbolon</i></span>, which originally meant half of a broken object which, when fitted to the other half, verified the bearer's identity.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek word passed through Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">symbolum</i></span> into English "symbol", which only later took on the meaning of an outward sign of something.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nicene Creed was adopted to resolve the <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arian</a> controversy, whose leader, <a href="/wiki/Arius" title="Arius">Arius</a>, a clergyman of Alexandria, "objected to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander's</a> (the bishop of the time) apparent carelessness in blurring the distinction of nature between the Father and the Son by his emphasis on eternal generation".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a> called the Council at Nicaea to resolve the dispute in the church which resulted from the widespread adoption of Arius' teachings, which threatened to destabilize the entire empire. Following the formulation of the Nicene Creed, Arius' teachings were henceforth marked as <a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_Christianity" title="Heresy in Christianity">heresy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nicene Creed of 325 explicitly affirms the Father as the "one God" and as the "Almighty," and Jesus Christ as "the Son of God", as "begotten of<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] the essence of the Father," and therefore as "consubstantial with the Father," meaning, "of the same substance"<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the Father; "very God of very God." The Creed of 325 does mention the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a> but not as "God" or as "consubstantial with the Father." The 381 revision of the creed at Constantinople (i.e., the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed), which is often simply referred to as the "Nicene Creed," speaks of the Holy Spirit as worshipped and glorified with the Father and the Son.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Sources_of_Catholic_Dogma_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Sources_of_Catholic_Dogma-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a>, formulated about a century later, which was not the product of any known church council and not used in Eastern Christianity, describes in much greater detail the relationship between Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The earlier <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a>, apparently formulated before the Arian controversy arose in the fourth century, does not describe the Son or the Holy Spirit as "God" or as "consubstantial with the Father."<sup id="cite_ref-The_Sources_of_Catholic_Dogma_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Sources_of_Catholic_Dogma-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> stated that the phrase <i>for us men, and for our salvation</i> was to refute the error of <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>, "who alleged that by the power of Christ's Passion even the devils were to be set free." He also stated that the phrases stating Jesus was made <i>incarnate by the Holy Spirit</i> was to refute the <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manicheans</a> "so that we may believe that He assumed true flesh and not a phantastic body," and <i>He came down from Heaven</i> was to refute the error of <a href="/wiki/Photinus" title="Photinus">Photinus</a>, "who asserted that Christ was no more than a man." Furthermore, the phrase <i>and He was made man</i> was to "exclude the error of <a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a>, according to whose contention the Son of God ... would be said to dwell in man [rather] than to be man."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_Nicene_Creed_of_325">Original Nicene Creed of 325</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Original Nicene Creed of 325"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original Nicene Creed was first adopted at the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a>, which opened on 19 June 325. The text ends with <a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">anathemas</a> against Arian propositions, preceded by the words: "We believe in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a>" which terminates the statements of belief.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fenton_John_Anthony_Hort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenton John Anthony Hort">F. J. A. Hort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Harnack" title="Adolf von Harnack">Adolf von Harnack</a> argued that the Nicene Creed was the local creed of <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity#Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">an important center of Early Christianity</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recited in the council by <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebius of Caesarea">Eusebius of Caesarea</a>. Their case relied largely on a very specific interpretation of Eusebius' own account of the council's proceedings.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent scholarship has not been convinced by their arguments.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The large number of secondary divergences from the text of the creed quoted by Eusebius make it unlikely that it was used as a starting point by those who drafted the conciliar creed.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their initial text was probably a local creed from a Syro-Palestinian source into which they inserted phrases to define the Nicene theology.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Eusebian Creed may thus have been either a second or one of many nominations for the Nicene Creed.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1911 <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> says that, soon after the Council of Nicaea, the church composed new formulae of faith, most of them variations of the Nicene Symbol, to meet new phases of <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a>, of which there were at least four before the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Sardica#Council_of_Sardica" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric of Sardica">Council of Sardica</a> (341), at which a new form was presented and inserted in its acts, although the council did not accept it.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niceno-Constantinopolitan_Creed">Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>What is known as the "Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed" or the "Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed",<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> received this name because it was adopted at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Ecumenical_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Ecumenical Council">Second Ecumenical Council</a> held in Constantinople in 381 as a modification of the original Nicene Creed of 325. In that light, it also came to be very commonly known simply as the "Nicene Creed". It is the only authoritative <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ecumenical" class="extiw" title="wikt:ecumenical">ecumenical</a></i> statement of the Christian faith accepted by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (with the addition of the <a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a>, and much of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican communion">Anglican communion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The Apostles' and Athanasian creeds are not as widely accepted.)<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It differs in a number of respects, both by addition and omission, from the creed adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. The most notable difference is the additional section: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And [we believe] in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver-of-Life, who proceedeth from the Father, who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, who spake by the prophets. And [we believe] in one, holy, catholic and Apostolic Church. We acknowledge one Baptism for the remission of sins, [and] we look for the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Since the end of the 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> scholars have questioned the traditional explanation of the origin of this creed, which has been passed down in the name of the council, whose official acts have been lost over time. A local council of Constantinople in 382 and the Third Ecumenical Council (<a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Ephesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a> of 431) made no mention of it,<sup id="cite_ref-davis_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the latter affirming the 325 creed of Nicaea as a valid statement of the faith and using it to denounce <a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a>. Though some scholarship claims that hints of the later creed's existence are discernible in some writings,<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> no extant document gives its text or makes explicit mention of it earlier than the Fourth Ecumenical Council at Chalcedon in 451.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-davis_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chalcedon_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chalcedon-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the bishops of the 451 council themselves had never heard of it and initially greeted it skeptically, but it was then produced from the episcopal archives of Constantinople, and the council accepted it "not as supplying any omission but as an authentic interpretation of the faith of Nicaea".<sup id="cite_ref-davis_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of the questions raised, it is considered most likely that this creed was in fact introduced at the 381 Second Ecumenical Council.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the basis of evidence both internal and external to the text, it has been argued that this creed originated not as an editing of the original Creed proposed at Nicaea in 325, but as an independent creed (probably an older baptismal creed) modified to make it more like the Nicene Creed.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars have argued that the creed may have been presented at Chalcedon as "a precedent for drawing up new creeds and definitions to supplement the Creed of Nicaea, as a way of getting round the ban on new creeds in Canon 7 of Ephesus".<sup id="cite_ref-Chalcedon_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chalcedon-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is generally agreed that the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed is not simply an expansion of the Creed of Nicaea, and was probably based on another traditional creed independent of the one from Nicaea.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kelly1_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Third Ecumenical Council (Ephesus) reaffirmed the original 325 version<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Nicene Creed and declared that "it is unlawful for any man to bring forward, or to write, or to compose a different (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἑτέραν</span></span>) faith as a rival to that established by the holy Fathers assembled with the Holy Ghost in Nicaea" (i.e., the 325 creed). The word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἑτέραν</span></span> is more accurately translated as used by the council to mean "different", "contradictory", rather than "another".<sup id="cite_ref-Ethereal_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethereal-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This statement has been interpreted as a prohibition against changing this creed or composing others, but not all accept this interpretation.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethereal_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethereal-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This question is connected with the controversy whether a creed proclaimed by an <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">ecumenical council</a> is definitive in excluding not only excisions from its text but also additions to it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In one respect, the Eastern Orthodox Church's <a href="/wiki/Textus_receptus" class="mw-redirect" title="Textus receptus">received text</a> of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed differs from the earliest text,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is included in the acts of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> of 451: The Eastern Orthodox Church uses the singular forms of verbs such as "I believe", in place of the plural form ("we believe") used by the council. <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> use exactly the same form of the creed, since the Catholic Church teaches that it is wrong to add "<a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">and the Son</a>" to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> verb "<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐκπορευόμενον</span></span>", though correct to add it to the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"qui procedit"</i></span>, which does not have precisely the same meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Greek-Latin_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Greek-Latin-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The form generally used in Western churches does add "and the Son" and also the phrase "God from God", which is found in the original 325 Creed.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_between_creed_of_325_and_creed_of_381">Comparison between creed of 325 and creed of 381</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Comparison between creed of 325 and creed of 381"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table, which indicates by square brackets the portions of the 325 text that were omitted or moved in 381, and uses <em>italics</em> to indicate what phrases, absent in the 325 text, were added in 381, juxtaposes the earlier (AD 325) and later (AD 381) forms of this creed in the English translation given in <a href="/wiki/Philip_Schaff" title="Philip Schaff">Philip Schaff</a>'s compilation <i>The Creeds of Christendom</i> (1877).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th width="50%">First Council of Nicaea (325) </th> <th width="50%">First Council of Constantinople (381) </th></tr> <tr> <td>We <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">believe in one God</a>, <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">the Father Almighty</a>, Maker of all things visible and invisible.</td> <td>We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker <em>of <a href="/wiki/Heaven_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heaven (Christianity)">heaven</a> and earth, and</em> of all things visible and invisible. </td></tr> <tr> <td>And in one <a href="/wiki/Kyrios_(biblical_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrios (biblical term)">Lord</a> Jesus Christ, the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a>, begotten of the Father [the <a href="/wiki/Monogenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Monogenes">only-begotten</a>; that is, of the essence of the Father, God of God,] Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, <a href="/wiki/Consubstantial" class="mw-redirect" title="Consubstantial">consubstantial with the Father</a>;</td> <td>And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the <em>only-begotten</em> Son of God, begotten of the Father <em><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">before all worlds</a> (æons)</em>, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; </td></tr> <tr> <td>By whom all things were made [both in heaven and on earth];</td> <td>by whom all things were made; </td></tr> <tr> <td>Who for us men, and for our <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvation</a>, came down and was <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">incarnate</a> and was made man;</td> <td>who for us men, and for our salvation, came down <em>from heaven</em>, and was incarnate <em>by the Holy Ghost and of the Virgin Mary</em>, and was made man; </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">He suffered</a>, and the third day <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">he rose again</a>, ascended into heaven;</td> <td>he <em>was <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucified</a> for us under <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a>, and</em> suffered, <em>and was <a href="/wiki/Entombment_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Entombment of Christ">buried</a></em>, and the third day he rose again, <em>according to the Scriptures, and</em> <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension of Christ">ascended into heaven</a>, <em>and <a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">sitteth</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Right_Hand_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Right Hand of God">right hand of the Father</a></em>; </td></tr> <tr> <td>From thence he shall <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">come</a> to <a href="/wiki/Final_Judgement#Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Judgement">judge</a> <a href="/wiki/The_quick_and_the_dead_(idiom)" class="mw-redirect" title="The quick and the dead (idiom)">the quick and the dead</a>.</td> <td>from thence he shall come <em>again, with glory</em>, to judge <a href="/wiki/The_quick_and_the_dead_(idiom)" class="mw-redirect" title="The quick and the dead (idiom)">the quick and the dead</a>; </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><em><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Kingdom of God (Christianity)">whose kingdom</a> shall have no end</em>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>And in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Ghost</a>.</td> <td>And in the Holy Ghost, <em>the Lord and Giver of life, who proceedeth from the Father, who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified, who spake by the prophets.</em> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><em>In <a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">one holy catholic and apostolic Church</a>; we acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; we look for the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_the_dead" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection of the dead">resurrection of the dead</a>, and the life of the <a href="/wiki/World_to_come" title="World to come">world to come</a>. Amen.</em> </td></tr> <tr> <td>[But those who say: 'There was a time when he was not;' and 'He was not before he was made;' and 'He was made out of nothing,' or 'He is of another substance' or 'essence,' or 'The Son of God is created,' or 'changeable,' or 'alterable'— they are condemned by the holy catholic and apostolic Church.] </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" colspan="2">The differences between the actual wordings (in Greek) adopted in 325<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 381<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can be presented in a similar way, as follows: </td></tr> <tr> <th>First Council of Nicaea (325) </th> <th>First Council of Constantinople (381) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πιστεύομεν εἰς ἕνα Θεὸν Πατέρα παντοκράτορα, πάντων ὁρατῶν τε καὶ ἀοράτων ποιητήν·</span></span></td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πιστεύομεν εἰς ἕνα Θεὸν Πατέρα παντοκράτορα, ποιητὴν <b><em>οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς,</em></b> ὁρατῶν τε πάντων καὶ ἀοράτων.</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">καὶ εἰς ἕνα Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, γεννηθέντα ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς [μονογενῆ, τοὐτέστιν ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρός, Θεὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ,] Φῶς ἐκ Φωτός, Θεὸν ἀληθινὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ ἀληθινοῦ, γεννηθέντα, οὐ ποιηθέντα, ὁμοούσιον τῷ Πατρί,</span></span></td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Καὶ εἰς ἕνα Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ <b><em>τὸν μονογενῆ</em></b>, τὸν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς γεννηθέντα <b><em>πρὸ πάντων τῶν αἰώνων</em></b>, φῶς ἐκ φωτός, Θεὸν ἀληθινὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ ἀληθινοῦ, γεννηθέντα οὐ ποιηθέντα, ὁμοούσιον τῷ Πατρί·</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο, [τά τε ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ γῇ,]</span></span></td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο·</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τὸν δι' ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα καὶ σαρκωθέντα καὶ ἐνανθρωπήσαντα,</span></span></td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τὸν δι' ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα <b><em>ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν</em></b> καὶ σαρκωθέντα <b><em>ἐκ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου καὶ Μαρίας τῆς παρθένου</em></b> καὶ ἐνανθρωπήσαντα,</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">παθόντα, καὶ ἀναστάντα τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ, ἀνελθόντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανούς,</span></span></td> <td> <p><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><b><em>σταυρωθέντα τε ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου, καὶ</em></b> παθόντα <b><em>καὶ ταφέντα</em></b>, καὶ ἀναστάντα τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ <b><em>κατὰ τὰς γραφάς</em></b>, καὶ ἀνελθόντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανούς, <b><em>καὶ καθεζόμενον ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Πατρός</em></b></span></span>, </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐρχόμενον κρῖναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς.</span></span></td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">καὶ <b><em>πάλιν</em></b> ἐρχόμενον <b><em>μετὰ δόξης</em></b> κρῖναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς·</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">οὗ τῆς βασιλείας οὐκ ἔσται τέλος</span></span>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Καὶ εἰς τὸ Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα.</span></span></td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Καὶ εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, <b><em>τὸ Κύριον, τὸ ζῳοποιόν, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον, τὸ σὺν Πατρὶ καὶ Υἱῷ συμπροσκυνούμενον καὶ συνδοξαζόμενον, τὸ λαλῆσαν διὰ τῶν προφητῶν. Εἰς μίαν, ἁγίαν, καθολικὴν καὶ ἀποστολικὴν Ἐκκλησίαν· ὁμολογοῦμεν ἓν βάπτισμα εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν· προσδοκοῦμεν ἀνάστασιν νεκρῶν, καὶ ζωὴν τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος. Ἀμήν</em></b>.</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">[Τοὺς δὲ λέγοντας, Ἦν ποτε ὅτε οὐκ ἦν, καὶ Πρὶν γεννηθῆναι οὐκ ἦν, καὶ ὅτι Ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων εγένετο, ἢ Ἐξ ἑτέρας ὑποστάσεως ἢ οὐσίας φάσκοντας εἶναι, ἢ κτιστόν, ἢ τρεπτόν, ἢ ἀλλοιωτὸν τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, τούτους ἀναθεματίζει ἡ ἁγία καθολικὴ καὶ ἀποστολικὴ ἐκκλησία].</span></span></td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filioque_controversy">Filioque controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Filioque controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a></div> <p>In the late 6th century, some Latin-speaking churches added the word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Filioque</i></span> ("and the Son") to the description of the procession of the Holy Spirit, in what many Eastern Orthodox Christians have at a later stage argued is a violation of Canon VII<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Third Ecumenical Council</a>, since the words were not included in the text by either the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Council of Nicaea</a> or <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">that of Constantinople.</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was incorporated into the liturgical practice of Rome in 1014.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Greek-Latin_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Greek-Latin-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Filioque</i></span> eventually became one of the main causes for the <a href="/wiki/East-West_Schism" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West Schism">East-West Schism</a> in 1054, and the failures of the repeated union attempts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_the_importance_of_this_creed">Views on the importance of this creed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Views on the importance of this creed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The view that the Nicene Creed can serve as a touchstone of true Christian faith is reflected in the name "symbol of faith", which was given to it in Greek and Latin, when in those languages the word "symbol" meant a "token for identification (by comparison with a counterpart)".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">mass</a>, the Latin text of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, with <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"Deum de Deo"</i></span> (God from God) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"<a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a>"</i></span> (and from the Son), phrases absent in the original text, was previously the only form used for the "profession of faith". The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> now refers to it jointly with the <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a> as "the Symbol or Profession of Faith or Creed", describing the second as "the baptismal Symbol of the Roman Church, known as the Apostles' Creed".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> and other Christians consider the Nicene Creed helpful and to a certain extent authoritative, but not infallibly so in view of their belief that <a href="/wiki/Sola_scriptura" title="Sola scriptura">only Scripture is truly authoritative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Non-Trinitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Trinitarian">Non-Trinitarian</a> groups, such as the <a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Church of the New Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, explicitly reject some of the statements in the Nicene Creed.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_liturgical_versions">Ancient liturgical versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ancient liturgical versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several designations for the two forms of the Nicene Creed, some with overlapping meanings: </p> <ul><li><b>Nicene Creed</b> or the <b>Creed of Nicaea</b> is used to refer to the original version adopted at the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> (325), to the revised version adopted by the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a> (381), to the liturgical text used by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> (with "I believe" instead of "We believe"),<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the Latin version that includes the phrase <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"Deum de Deo"</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"<a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a>"</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> version, which does not include "and from the Son", but does include "God from God" and many other phrases.<sup id="cite_ref-Arm_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arm-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</b> can stand for the revised version of Constantinople (381) or the later Latin version<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or various other versions.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Icon/Symbol of the Faith</b> is the usual designation for the revised version of Constantinople 381 in the Orthodox churches, where this is the only creed used in the liturgy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Profession of Faith of the 318 Fathers</b> refers specifically to the version of Nicaea 325 (traditionally, 318 bishops took part at the First Council of Nicaea).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Profession of Faith of the 150 Fathers</b> refers specifically to the version of Constantinople 381 (traditionally, 150 bishops took part at the First Council of Constantinople).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>This section is not meant to collect the texts of all liturgical versions of the Nicene Creed, and provides only three, the Greek, the Latin, and the Armenian, of special interest. Others are mentioned separately, but without the texts. All ancient liturgical versions, even the Greek, differ at least to some small extent from the text adopted by the First Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople. The Creed was originally written in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, owing among other things to the location of the two councils.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although the councils' texts have <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">"Πιστεύομεν<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] ὁμολογοῦμεν<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] προσδοκοῦμεν"</span></span> ("<em>we</em> believe<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] confess<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] await"), the creed that the Churches of Byzantine tradition use in their liturgy has <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">"Πιστεύω<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] ὁμολογῶ<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] προσδοκῶ"</span></span> ("<em>I</em> believe<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] confess<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] await"), accentuating the personal nature of recitation of the creed. The Latin text, as well as using the singular, has two additions: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"Deum de Deo"</i></span> (God from God) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"Filioque"</i></span> (and from the Son). The Armenian text has many more additions, and is included as showing how <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">that ancient church</a> has chosen to recite the creed with these numerous elaborations of its contents.<sup id="cite_ref-Arm_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arm-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An English translation of the Armenian text is added; English translations of the Greek and Latin liturgical texts are given at <a href="/wiki/English_versions_of_the_Nicene_Creed_in_current_use" class="mw-redirect" title="English versions of the Nicene Creed in current use">English versions of the Nicene Creed in current use</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_liturgical_text">Greek liturgical text</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Greek liturgical text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πιστεύω εἰς ἕνα Θεόν, Πατέρα, Παντοκράτορα, ποιητὴν οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς, ὁρατῶν τε πάντων καὶ ἀοράτων.<br /> Καὶ εἰς ἕνα Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ, τὸν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς γεννηθέντα πρὸ πάντων τῶν αἰώνων·<br /> φῶς ἐκ φωτός, Θεὸν ἀληθινὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ ἀληθινοῦ, γεννηθέντα οὐ ποιηθέντα, ὁμοούσιον τῷ Πατρί, δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο.<br /> Τὸν δι' ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν καὶ σαρκωθέντα<br /> ἐκ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου καὶ Μαρίας τῆς Παρθένου καὶ ἐνανθρωπήσαντα.<br /> Σταυρωθέντα τε ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου, καὶ παθόντα καὶ ταφέντα.<br /> Καὶ ἀναστάντα τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ κατὰ τὰς Γραφάς.<br /> Καὶ ἀνελθόντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ καθεζόμενον ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Πατρός.<br /> Καὶ πάλιν ἐρχόμενον μετὰ δόξης κρῖναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς, οὗ τῆς βασιλείας οὐκ ἔσται τέλος.<br /> Καὶ εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, τὸ κύριον, τὸ ζῳοποιόν,<br /> τὸ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον,<br /> τὸ σὺν Πατρὶ καὶ Υἱῷ συμπροσκυνούμενον καὶ συνδοξαζόμενον,<br /> τὸ λαλῆσαν διὰ τῶν προφητῶν.<br /> Εἰς μίαν, Ἁγίαν, Καθολικὴν καὶ Ἀποστολικὴν Ἐκκλησίαν.<br /> Ὁμολογῶ ἓν βάπτισμα εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν.<br /> Προσδοκῶ ἀνάστασιν νεκρῶν.<br /> Καὶ ζωὴν τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος.<br /> Ἀμήν.</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_liturgical_version">Latin liturgical version</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Latin liturgical version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Credo in unum Deum,<br /> Patrem omnipoténtem,<br /> factórem cæli et terræ,<br /> visibílium ómnium et invisibílium.<br /> Et in unum Dóminum, Jesum Christum,<br /> Fílium Dei unigénitum,<br /> et ex Patre natum ante ómnia sǽcula.<br /> Deum de Deo, lumen de lúmine, Deum verum de Deo vero,<br /> génitum, non factum, consubstantiálem Patri:<br /> per quem ómnia facta sunt.<br /> Qui propter nos hómines et propter nostram salútem<br /> descéndit de coelis.<br /> Et incarnátus est de Spíritu Sancto<br /> ex María vírgine, et homo factus est.<br /> Crucifíxus étiam pro nobis sub Póntio Piláto;<br /> passus et sepúltus est,<br /> et resurréxit tértia die, secúndum Scriptúras,<br /> et ascéndit in coelum, sedet ad déxteram Patris.<br /> Et íterum ventúrus est cum glória,<br /> judicáre vivos et mórtuos,<br /> cujus regni non erit finis.<br /> Et in Spíritum Sanctum, Dóminum et vivificántem:<br /> qui ex Patre Filióque procédit.<br /> Qui cum Patre et Fílio simul adorátur et conglorificátur:<br /> qui locútus est per prophétas.<br /> Et unam, sanctam, cathólicam et apostólicam Ecclésiam.<br /> Confíteor unum baptísma in remissiónem peccatórum.<br /> Et exspécto resurrectiónem mortuórum,<br /> et vitam ventúri sǽculi. Amen.</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-missaleromanum_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-missaleromanum-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The Latin text adds <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"Deum de Deo"</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"Filioque"</i></span> to the Greek. On the latter see <a href="#Filioque_controversy">The Filioque Controversy</a> above. Inevitably also, the overtones of the terms used, such as a <span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">παντοκράτορα</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">pantokratora</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">omnipotentem</i></span>, differ (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pantocrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantocrator">pantokratora</a></i></span> meaning ruler of all; <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">omnipotentem</i></span> meaning omnipotent, almighty). The implications of the difference in overtones of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">"ἐκπορευόμενον"</span></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"qui<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] procedit"</i></span> was the object of the study <i>The Greek and the Latin Traditions regarding the Procession of the Holy Spirit</i> published by the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity">Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity</a> in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Again, the terms <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὁμοούσιον</span></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">consubstantialem</i></span>, translated as "of one being" or "<a href="/wiki/Consubstantial" class="mw-redirect" title="Consubstantial">consubstantial</a>", have different overtones, being based respectively on Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">οὐσία</span></span> (stable being, immutable reality, substance, essence, true nature),<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">substantia</i></span> (that of which a thing consists, the being, essence, contents, material, substance).<sup id="cite_ref-A_Latin_Dictionary:_substantia_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Latin_Dictionary:_substantia-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"Credo"</i></span>, which in classical Latin is used with the accusative case of the thing held to be true (and with the dative of the person to whom credence is given),<sup id="cite_ref-A_Latin_Dictionary:_credo_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Latin_Dictionary:_credo-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is here used three times with the preposition "in", a literal translation of the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">εἰς</span></span> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">in unum Deum<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...], in unum Dominum<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...], in Spiritum Sanctum<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...]</i></span>), and once in the classical preposition-less construction (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">unam, sanctam, catholicam et apostolicam Ecclesiam</i></span>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_liturgical_text">Armenian liturgical text</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Armenian liturgical text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Creed_icon_(Russia,_17_c.).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Creed_icon_%28Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpeg/330px-Creed_icon_%28Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="330" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Creed_icon_%28Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpeg/495px-Creed_icon_%28Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Creed_icon_%28Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpeg/660px-Creed_icon_%28Russia%2C_17_c.%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>17th-century Russian icon illustrating the articles of the creed</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">Հաւատամք ի մի Աստուած, ի Հայրն ամենակալ, յարարիչն երկնի եւ երկրի, երեւելեաց եւ աներեւութից։<br /> Եւ ի մի Տէր Յիսուս Քրիստոս, յՈրդին Աստուծոյ, ծնեալն յԱստուծոյ Հօրէ, միածին՝ այսինքն յէութենէ Հօր։<br /> Աստուած յԱստուծոյ, լոյս ի լուսոյ, Աստուած ճշմարիտ յԱստուծոյ ճշմարտէ, ծնունդ եւ ոչ արարած։ Նոյն ինքն ի բնութենէ Հօր, որով ամենայն ինչ եղեւ յերկինս եւ ի վերայ երկրի, երեւելիք եւ աներեւոյթք։<br /> Որ յաղագս մեր մարդկան եւ վասն մերոյ փրկութեան իջեալ ի յերկնից՝ մարմնացաւ, մարդացաւ, ծնաւ կատարելապէս ի Մարիամայ սրբոյ կուսէն Հոգւովն Սրբով։<br /> Որով էառ զմարմին, զհոգի եւ զմիտ, եւ զամենայն որ ինչ է ի մարդ, ճշմարտապէս եւ ոչ կարծեօք։<br /> Չարչարեալ, խաչեալ, թաղեալ, յերրորդ աւուր յարուցեալ, ելեալ ի յերկինս նովին մարմնովն, նստաւ ընդ աջմէ Հօր։<br /> Գալոց է նովին մարմնովն եւ փառօք Հօր ի դատել զկենդանիս եւ զմեռեալս, որոյ թագաւորութեանն ոչ գոյ վախճան։<br /> Հաւատամք եւ ի սուրբ Հոգին, յանեղն եւ ի կատարեալն․ Որ խօսեցաւ յօրէնս եւ ի մարգարէս եւ յաւետարանս․ Որ էջն ի Յորդանան, քարոզեաց զառաքեալսն, եւ բնակեցաւ ի սուրբսն։<br /> Հաւատամք եւ ի մի միայն, ընդհանրական եւ առաքելական, Սուրբ Եկեղեցի․ ի մի մկրտութիւն, յապաշխարհութիւն, ի քաւութիւն եւ ի թողութիւն մեղաց․ ի յարութիւնն մեռելոց․ ի դատաստանն յաւիտենից հոգւոց եւ մարմնոց․ յարքայութիւնն երկնից, եւ ի կեանսն յաւիտենականս։</span></span> </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="English_translation_of_the_Armenian_version">English translation of the Armenian version</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: English translation of the Armenian version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, the maker of heaven and earth, of things visible and invisible.<br /> And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the begotten of God the Father, the Only-begotten, that is of the substance of the Father.<br /> God of God, Light of Light, true God of true God, begotten and not made; of the very same nature of the Father, by Whom all things came into being, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible.<br /> Who for us humanity and for our salvation came down from heaven, was incarnate, became human, was born perfectly of the holy virgin Mary by the Holy Spirit.<br /> By whom He took body, soul, and mind, and everything that is in man, truly and not in semblance.<br /> He suffered, was crucified, was buried, rose again on the third day, ascended into heaven with the same body, [and] sat at the right hand of the Father.<br /> He is to come with the same body and with the glory of the Father, to judge the living and the dead; of His kingdom there is no end.<br /> We believe in the Holy Spirit, the uncreate and the perfect; Who spoke through the Law, the prophets, and the Gospels; Who came down upon the Jordan, preached through the apostles, and lived in the saints.<br /> We believe also in only One, Universal, Apostolic, and [Holy] Church; in one baptism with repentance for the remission and forgiveness of sins; and in the resurrection of the dead, in the everlasting judgement of souls and bodies, in the Kingdom of Heaven and in the everlasting life.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_ancient_liturgical_versions">Other ancient liturgical versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other ancient liturgical versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The version in the <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Slavonic language">Church Slavonic language</a>, used by several <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> churches is practically identical with the Greek liturgical version. </p><p>This version is used also by some <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>. Although the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Brest" title="Union of Brest">Union of Brest</a> excluded addition of the <a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a>, this was sometimes added by <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian Catholics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose older liturgical books also show the phrase in brackets, and by <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian Catholics</a>. Writing in 1971, the Ruthenian scholar Casimir Kucharek noted, "In Eastern Catholic Churches, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Filioque</i></span> may be omitted except when scandal would ensue. Most of the Eastern Catholic Rites use it."<sup id="cite_ref-Kucharek_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kucharek-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the decades that followed 1971 it has come to be used more rarely.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The versions used by <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may differ from the Greek liturgical version in having "We believe", as in the original text, instead of "I believe".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indulgence">Indulgence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Indulgence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Roman Catholic Church, to obtain the plenary <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgence</a> once a day, it is necessary to visit a church or oratory to which the indulgence is attached and the recitation of the Sunday prayers, <i>Creed</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Hail Mary</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recitation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></i> or the <i>Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed</i> is required to obtain a partial <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgence</a><i>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_translations">English translations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: English translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nicene_Creed" title="Special:EditPage/Nicene Creed">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/English_versions_of_the_Nicene_Creed" title="English versions of the Nicene Creed">English versions of the Nicene Creed</a></div> <p>The version found in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1662)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1662)">1662 <i>Book of Common Prayer</i></a> is still commonly used by some English speakers, but more modern translations are now more common. The <a href="/wiki/International_Consultation_on_English_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="International Consultation on English Texts">International Consultation on English Texts</a> published an English translation of the Nicene Creed, first in 1970 and then in successive revisions in 1971 and 1975. These texts were adopted by several churches. </p><p>The Roman Catholic Church in the United States adopted the 1971 version in 1973. The Catholic Church in other English-speaking countries adopted the 1975 version in 1975. They continued to use them until 2011, when it replaced them with the version in the <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> third edition</i>. The 1975 version was included in the 1979 Episcopal Church (United States) <i>Book of Common Prayer</i>, but with one variation: in the line "For us men and for our salvation", it omitted the word "men". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homoousion" title="Homoousion">Homoousion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papacy_in_late_antiquity" title="Papacy in late antiquity">Papacy in late antiquity</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Koin%C4%93_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinē Greek language">Koinē Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Σύμβολον τῆς Νικαίας</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Koinē Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Sýmvolon tis Nikéas</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both names are common. Instances of the former are in the <i>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i> and in the <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a></i>, while the latter is used consistently by the <a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Order_Commission" title="Faith and Order Commission">Faith and Order Commission</a>. "Constantinopolitan Creed" can also be found, but very rarely.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It was the original 325 creed, not the one that is attributed to the Second Ecumenical Council in 381, that was recited at the Council of Ephesus.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFConeRea2019" class="citation book cs1">Cone, Steven D.; Rea, Robert F. (2019). <i>A Global Church History: The Great Tradition through Cultures, Continents and Centuries</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. lxxx. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-67305-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-67305-3"><bdi>978-0-567-67305-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Global+Church+History%3A+The+Great+Tradition+through+Cultures%2C+Continents+and+Centuries&rft.pages=lxxx&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-567-67305-3&rft.aulast=Cone&rft.aufirst=Steven+D.&rft.au=Rea%2C+Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>World Encyclopaedia of Interfaith Studies: World religions</i>. Jnanada Prakashan. 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7139-280-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7139-280-3"><bdi>978-81-7139-280-3</bdi></a>. <q>In the most common sense, "mainstream" refers to Nicene Christianity, or rather the traditions which continue to claim adherence to the Nicene Creed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Encyclopaedia+of+Interfaith+Studies%3A+World+religions&rft.pub=Jnanada+Prakashan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-7139-280-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeitz2001" class="citation book cs1">Seitz, Christopher R. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X9pVAAAAYAAJ&q=Nicene+Christianity"><i>Nicene Christianity: The Future for a New Ecumenism</i></a>. Brazos Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84227-154-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84227-154-4"><bdi>978-1-84227-154-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114000831/https://books.google.com/books?id=X9pVAAAAYAAJ&q=Nicene+Christianity">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicene+Christianity%3A+The+Future+for+a+New+Ecumenism&rft.pub=Brazos+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84227-154-4&rft.aulast=Seitz&rft.aufirst=Christopher+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX9pVAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DNicene%2BChristianity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3811.htm">"Council of Chalcedon"</a>. <i>New Advent</i>. Session II.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Advent&rft.atitle=Council+of+Chalcedon&rft.pages=Session+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F3811.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBright1882" class="citation book cs1">Bright, William (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notesonthecanons00briguoft/mode/2up"><i>Notes on the Canons of the First Four General Councils</i></a>. Oxford : Clarendon Press. pp. 80–82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+on+the+Canons+of+the+First+Four+General+Councils&rft.pages=80-82&rft.pub=Oxford+%3A+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Bright&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnotesonthecanons00briguoft%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1988" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Leo Donald (1988). <i>The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology</i>. Theology and Life Series 21. Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier. pp. 121–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5616-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5616-1"><bdi>0-8146-5616-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Seven+Ecumenical+Councils+%28325-787%29%3A+Their+History+and+Theology&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+DE&rft.series=Theology+and+Life+Series+21&rft.pages=121-124&rft.pub=Michael+Glazier&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8146-5616-1&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Leo+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_1998_professio-fidei_en.html">"Profession of Faith"</a>. <i>Vatican.va</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117093859/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_1998_professio-fidei_en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican.va&rft.atitle=Profession+of+Faith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fcfaith%2Fdocuments%2Frc_con_cfaith_doc_1998_professio-fidei_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CUAA2024-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CUAA2024_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CUAA2024_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cuaa.edu/academics/services/faculty-staff-resources/celt/_assets/ThreeEcumenicalCreeds.pdf">"The Three Ecumenical or Universal Creeds"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_Ann_Arbor" title="Concordia University Ann Arbor">Concordia University Ann Arbor</a>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Three+Ecumenical+or+Universal+Creeds&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Concordia+University+Ann+Arbor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuaa.edu%2Facademics%2Fservices%2Ffaculty-staff-resources%2Fcelt%2F_assets%2FThreeEcumenicalCreeds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/_P2R.HTM#A">"Code of Canon Law - IntraText"</a>. <i>Vatican.va</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124212426/http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/_P2R.HTM#A">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican.va&rft.atitle=Code+of+Canon+Law+-+IntraText&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG1104%2F_P2R.HTM%23A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeisterCopan2010" class="citation book cs1">Meister, Chad; Copan, Paul (2010). <i>Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion</i>. Oxon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-18000-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-18000-4"><bdi>978-1-134-18000-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Companion+to+Philosophy+of+Religion&rft.place=Oxon&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-134-18000-4&rft.aulast=Meister&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.au=Copan%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/413955/Nicene-Creed">"Nicene Creed"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130613192032/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/413955/Nicene-Creed">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicene+Creed&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F413955%2FNicene-Creed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenner1908" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Jenner, Henry (1908). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Liturgical_Use_of_Creeds" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Liturgical Use of Creeds">Liturgical Use of Creeds</a>". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liturgical+Use+of+Creeds&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Jenner&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiochian.org/content/nicene-creed">"The Nicene Creed - Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese"</a>. <i>Antiochian.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180130145439/http://www.antiochian.org/content/nicene-creed">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antiochian.org&rft.atitle=The+Nicene+Creed+-+Antiochian+Orthodox+Christian+Archdiocese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiochian.org%2Fcontent%2Fnicene-creed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oca.org/orthodoxy/the-orthodox-faith/doctrine/the-symbol-of-faith/nicene-creed">"The Orthodox Faith – Volume I – Doctrine and Scripture – The Symbol of Faith – Nicene Creed"</a>. <i>oca.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405084017/http://oca.org/orthodoxy/the-orthodox-faith/doctrine/the-symbol-of-faith/nicene-creed">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oca.org&rft.atitle=The+Orthodox+Faith+%E2%80%93+Volume+I+%E2%80%93+Doctrine+and+Scripture+%E2%80%93+The+Symbol+of+Faith+%E2%80%93+Nicene+Creed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foca.org%2Forthodoxy%2Fthe-orthodox-faith%2Fdoctrine%2Fthe-symbol-of-faith%2Fnicene-creed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WeinandyKeating2017-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WeinandyKeating2017_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinandyKeating2017" class="citation book cs1">Weinandy, Thomas G.; Keating, Daniel A. (1 November 2017). <i>Athanasius and His Legacy: Trinitarian-Incarnational Soteriology and Its Reception</i>. Fortress Press. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5064-0629-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5064-0629-9"><bdi>978-1-5064-0629-9</bdi></a>. <q>In the Lutheran Book of Concord (1580), the Quicunque is given equal honor with the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds; the Belgic Confession of the Reformed church (1566) accords it authoritative status; and the Anglican Thirty-Nine Articles declare it as one of the creeds that ought to be received and believed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athanasius+and+His+Legacy%3A+Trinitarian-Incarnational+Soteriology+and+Its+Reception&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-5064-0629-9&rft.aulast=Weinandy&rft.aufirst=Thomas+G.&rft.au=Keating%2C+Daniel+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorin1911">Morin 1911</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMorin1911 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kantorowicz1957-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kantorowicz1957_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKantorowicz1957">Kantorowicz 1957</a>, p. 17<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKantorowicz1957 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/liturgics_averky_e.htm#_Toc104768095">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726153144/http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/liturgics_averky_e.htm">Archived</a> 26 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Archbishop Averky Liturgics – The Small Compline", Retrieved 14 April 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/liturgics_averky_e.htm#_Toc104768129">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726153144/http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/liturgics_averky_e.htm">Archived</a> 26 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Archbishop Averky Liturgics – The Symbol of Faith", Retrieved 14 April 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamberts2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lamberts, Jozef (2020). <i>With One Spirit: The Roman Missal and Active Participation</i> (in Arabic). Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6556-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6556-5"><bdi>978-0-8146-6556-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+One+Spirit%3A+The+Roman+Missal+and+Active+Participation&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+Minnesota&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-6556-5&rft.aulast=Lamberts&rft.aufirst=Jozef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=su/mbolon">Liddell and Scott: σύμβολον</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111230625/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dsu%2Fmbolon">Archived</a> 11 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; cf. <a href="/wiki/Split_tally" class="mw-redirect" title="Split tally">split tally</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Symbol: early 15c., "creed, summary, religious belief," from Late Latin symbolum "creed, token, mark," from Greek symbol "token, watchword, sign by which one infers; ticket, a permit, licence" (the word was applied c. 250 by Cyprian of Carthage to the Apostles' Creed, on the notion of the "mark" that distinguishes Christians from pagans), literally "that which is thrown or cast together," from assimilated form of syn- "together" (see syn-) + bole "a throwing, a casting, the stroke of a missile, bolt, beam," from bol-, nominative stem of ballein "to throw" (from PIE root *gwele- "to throw, reach"). The sense evolution in Greek is from "throwing things together" to "contrasting" to "comparing" to "token used in comparisons to determine if something is genuine." Hence, the "outward sign" of something. The meaning "something which stands for something else" was first recorded in 1590 (in "Faerie Queene"). As a written character, 1610s. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper2023" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/symbol#etymonline_v_22514">"Symbol"</a>. Etymology Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230226213055/https://www.etymonline.com/word/symbol">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Symbol&rft.pub=Etymology+Online&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fsymbol%23etymonline_v_22514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/heresiology-the-invention-of-heresy-and-schism#page/nn1/mode/2up"><i>Heresiology: The Invention of Heresy and Schism</i></a><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Free registration required"><img alt="Free registration required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWickham2009" class="citation book cs1">Wickham, Chris (2009). <i>The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000</i> (1st ed.). New York: Viking. pp. 61–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02098-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02098-0"><bdi>978-0-670-02098-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Inheritance+of+Rome%3A+A+History+of+Europe+from+400+to+1000&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=61-62&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-670-02098-0&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/homoousian">"Definition of HOMOOUSIAN"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906163110/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/homoousian">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+HOMOOUSIAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fhomoousian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreedictionary.com/homousian">"homousian"</a>, <i>The Free Dictionary</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906151832/https://www.thefreedictionary.com/homousian">archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Free+Dictionary&rft.atitle=homousian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2Fhomousian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Sources_of_Catholic_Dogma-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Sources_of_Catholic_Dogma_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Sources_of_Catholic_Dogma_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenzinger1957" class="citation book cs1">Denzinger, Henry (1957). <i>The Sources of Catholic Dogma</i> (30th ed.). B. Herder Book Co. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sources+of+Catholic+Dogma&rft.pages=3&rft.edition=30th&rft.pub=B.+Herder+Book+Co&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Denzinger&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAquinas1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas, Thomas</a> (1993). <i>Light of Faith: The Compendium of Theology</i>. Sophia Institute Press. pp. 273–274.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+of+Faith%3A+The+Compendium+of+Theology&rft.pages=273-274&rft.pub=Sophia+Institute+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Aquinas&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHefele1894" class="citation book cs1">Hefele, Karl Joseph von (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=njdGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA275"><i>A History of the Christian Councils: From the Original Documents, to the Close of the Council of Nicaea, A.D. 325</i></a>. T. & T. Clark. p. 275. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114000830/https://books.google.com/books?id=njdGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA275">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Christian+Councils%3A+From+the+Original+Documents%2C+to+the+Close+of+the+Council+of+Nicaea%2C+A.D.+325&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=T.+%26+T.+Clark&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Hefele&rft.aufirst=Karl+Joseph+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnjdGAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeith1982" class="citation book cs1">Leith, John H. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=saFgJRjaPwcC"><i>Creeds of the Churches: A Reader in Christian Doctrine, from the Bible to the Present</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 28–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8042-0526-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8042-0526-9"><bdi>978-0-8042-0526-9</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creeds+of+the+Churches%3A+A+Reader+in+Christian+Doctrine%2C+from+the+Bible+to+the+Present&rft.pages=28-31&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-8042-0526-9&rft.aulast=Leith&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsaFgJRjaPwcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwynn2014" class="citation book cs1">Gwynn, David M. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UaNOBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68"><i>Christianity in the Later Roman Empire: A Sourcebook</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-3735-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-3735-7"><bdi>978-1-4411-3735-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114000830/https://books.google.com/books?id=UaNOBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity+in+the+Later+Roman+Empire%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-3735-7&rft.aulast=Gwynn&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUaNOBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.papalencyclicals.net/councils/ecum01.htm">"First Council of Nicaea – 325 AD"</a>. 20 May 0325. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210030831/https://www.papalencyclicals.net/councils/ecum01.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Council+of+Nicaea+%E2%80%93+325+AD&rft.date=325&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.papalencyclicals.net%2Fcouncils%2Fecum01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bindley, T. Herbert. <i>The Oecumenical Documents of the Faith</i> Methuen & Co 4th edn. 1950 revised by Green, F.W. pp. 15, 26–27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.iii.i.x.html">"Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume II. The History of Creeds"</a>. <i>Ccel.org</i>. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803175900/https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.iii.i.x.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ccel.org&rft.atitle=Creeds+of+Christendom%2C+with+a+History+and+Critical+notes.+Volume+II.+The+History+of+Creeds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fcreeds2.iii.i.x.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly J.N.D. <i>Early Christian Creeds</i> Longmans (1963) pp. 217–218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, Rowan. <i>Arius</i> SCM (2nd Edn 2001) pp. 69–70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly1963" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, J.N.D. (1963). <i>Early Christian Creeds</i>. Longmans. pp. 218ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Christian+Creeds&rft.pages=218ff&rft.pub=Longmans&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=J.N.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly J.N.D. <i>Early Christian Creeds</i> Longmans (1963) pp. 22–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenzinger1957" class="citation book cs1">Denzinger, Henry (1957). <i>The Sources of Catholic Dogma</i> (30th ed.). B. Herder Book Co. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sources+of+Catholic+Dogma&rft.pages=9&rft.edition=30th&rft.pub=B.+Herder+Book+Co&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Denzinger&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wilhelm, Joseph (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/The_Nicene_Creed" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/The Nicene Creed">The Nicene Creed</a>". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Nicene+Creed&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Wilhelm&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319051531/http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/charts/denominations_beliefs.htm">"Religion Facts, four of the five Protestant denominations studied agree with the Nicene Creed and the fifth may as well, they just don't do creeds in general"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/charts/denominations_beliefs.htm">the original</a> on 19 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+Facts%2C+four+of+the+five+Protestant+denominations+studied+agree+with+the+Nicene+Creed+and+the+fifth+may+as+well%2C+they+just+don%27t+do+creeds+in+general&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religionfacts.com%2Fchristianity%2Fcharts%2Fdenominations_beliefs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2014/october-web-only/new-poll-finds-evangelicals-favorite-heresies.html">"Christianity Today reports on a study that shows most evangelicals believe the basic Nicene formulation"</a>. 28 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111220327/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2014/october-web-only/new-poll-finds-evangelicals-favorite-heresies.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christianity+Today+reports+on+a+study+that+shows+most+evangelicals+believe+the+basic+Nicene+formulation&rft.date=2014-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fct%2F2014%2Foctober-web-only%2Fnew-poll-finds-evangelicals-favorite-heresies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schaff's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.ix.iii.html"><i>Seven Ecumenical Councils: Second Ecumenical: The Holy Creed Which the 150 Holy Fathers Set Forth...</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205225410/https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.ix.iii.html">Archived</a> 5 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kelly1_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kelly1_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kelly1_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly, J.N.D. <i>Early Christian Creeds</i> Longmans (1960<sup>2</sup>) pp. 305, 307, 322–331 respectively</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-davis-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-davis_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davis_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davis_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, Leo Donald S.J., <i>The First Seven Ecumenical Councils</i>, The Liturgical Press, Collegeville, Minnesota, 1990, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5616-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5616-1">0-8146-5616-1</a>, pp. 120–122, 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly2-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly2_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly, J.N.D. <i>Early Christian Creeds</i> London, 1973</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chalcedon-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chalcedon_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chalcedon_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6IUaOOT1G3UC&pg=RA1-PA3">Richard Price, Michael Gaddis (editors), <i>The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon</i> (Liverpool University Press 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108062044/https://books.google.com/books?id=6IUaOOT1G3UC&pg=RA1-PA3">Archived</a> 8 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85323-039-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85323-039-7">978-0-85323-039-7</a>), p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc03/htm/ii.10.ii.htm">"Philip Schaff, The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. III: article <i>Constantinopolitan Creed</i>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224171155/https://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc03/htm/ii.10.ii.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philip+Schaff%2C+The+New+Schaff-Herzog+Encyclopedia+of+Religious+Knowledge%2C+Vol.+III%3A+article+Constantinopolitan+Creed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fs%2Fschaff%2Fencyc%2Fencyc03%2Fhtm%2Fii.10.ii.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/ephesus.html">"The Third Ecumenical Council. The Council of Ephesus, p. 202"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000816024110/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/ephesus.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Third+Ecumenical+Council.+The+Council+of+Ephesus%2C+p.+202&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fbasis%2Fephesus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethereal-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ethereal_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethereal_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.xi.html">"NPNF2-14. The Seven Ecumenical Councils"</a>. <i>Ccel.org</i>. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721224314/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.xi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ccel.org&rft.atitle=NPNF2-14.+The+Seven+Ecumenical+Councils&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fnpnf214.x.xvi.xi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.iv.i.ii.i.html">"Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume II. The History of Creeds"</a>. <i>Ccel.org</i>. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208170255/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.iv.i.ii.i.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ccel.org&rft.atitle=Creeds+of+Christendom%2C+with+a+History+and+Critical+notes.+Volume+II.+The+History+of+Creeds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fcreeds2.iv.i.ii.i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholic_Greek-Latin-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Greek-Latin_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Greek-Latin_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181228015533/http://www.ewtn.com:80/library/CURIA/PCCUFILQ.HTM">"Greek and Latin Traditions on Holy Spirit"</a>. <i>Ewtn.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/PCCUFILQ.HTM">the original</a> on 28 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ewtn.com&rft.atitle=Greek+and+Latin+Traditions+on+Holy+Spirit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FCURIA%2FPCCUFILQ.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.iv.i.ii.ii.html">"Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume II. The History of Creeds"</a>. <i>Ccel.org</i>. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061209123328/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.iv.i.ii.ii.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ccel.org&rft.atitle=Creeds+of+Christendom%2C+with+a+History+and+Critical+notes.+Volume+II.+The+History+of+Creeds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fcreeds2.iv.i.ii.ii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaff1877" class="citation book cs1">Schaff, Philip (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/creedsofchriste01scha"><i>The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes</i></a>. Vol. i. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/creedsofchriste01scha/page/28">28</a>–29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Creeds+of+Christendom%2C+with+a+History+and+Critical+Notes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=28-29&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Schaff&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcreedsofchriste01scha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span>. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.iv.iii.html">Creeds of Christendom</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827000401/https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.iv.iii.html">Archived</a> 27 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychurchtexts.com/public/creed_of_nicaea_325.htm">"Creed of Nicaea 325 – Greek and Latin Text with English translation"</a>. <i>Earlychurchtexts.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015917/https://earlychurchtexts.com/public/creed_of_nicaea_325.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earlychurchtexts.com&rft.atitle=Creed+of+Nicaea+325+%E2%80%93+Greek+and+Latin+Text+with+English+translation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychurchtexts.com%2Fpublic%2Fcreed_of_nicaea_325.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychurchtexts.com/public/nicene_creed.htm">"Nicene Creed Greek Text with English translation"</a>. <i>Earlychurchtexts.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126185946/https://earlychurchtexts.com/public/nicene_creed.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earlychurchtexts.com&rft.atitle=Nicene+Creed+Greek+Text+with+English+translation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychurchtexts.com%2Fpublic%2Fnicene_creed.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.x.html">"Canon VII"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018095736/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.x.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canon+VII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fnpnf214.x.xvi.x.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a different view, see e.g. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.xi.html">Excursus on the Words πίστιν ἑτέραν</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721224314/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.xi.html">Archived</a> 21 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See etymology given in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101141736/https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=symbol">"Symbol"</a>. <i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i> (Fifth ed.). 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=symbol">the original</a> on 1 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Symbol&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=Fifth&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dsymbol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/liturgy/missalformation/OrdoMissaeWhiteBook.pdf">"<i>Ordo Missae</i>, 18–19"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Usccb.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090810221840/http://www.usccb.org/liturgy/missalformation/OrdoMissaeWhiteBook.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Usccb.org&rft.atitle=Ordo+Missae%2C+18%E2%80%9319&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fliturgy%2Fmissalformation%2FOrdoMissaeWhiteBook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKehn2009" class="citation book cs1">Kehn, N. R. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6MNUIyB37jgC&pg=PA103">"Sola Scriptura"</a>. <i>Restoring the Restoration Movement: A look under the Hood at the Doctrines that Divide</i>. LaVergne, TN: Xulon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60791-358-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60791-358-0"><bdi>978-1-60791-358-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114000831/https://books.google.com/books?id=6MNUIyB37jgC&pg=PA103">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sola+Scriptura&rft.btitle=Restoring+the+Restoration+Movement%3A+A+look+under+the+Hood+at+the+Doctrines+that+Divide&rft.place=LaVergne%2C+TN&rft.pub=Xulon+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60791-358-0&rft.aulast=Kehn&rft.aufirst=N.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6MNUIyB37jgC%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kFaqzAHPg1cC"><i>Credo Meditations on Thenicene Creed</i></a>. Chalice Press. pp. xiv–xv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8272-0592-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8272-0592-5"><bdi>978-0-8272-0592-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114000831/https://books.google.com/books?id=kFaqzAHPg1cC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Credo+Meditations+on+Thenicene+Creed&rft.pages=xiv-xv&rft.pub=Chalice+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-8272-0592-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkFaqzAHPg1cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vlmXBe0RPxYC&pg=PA4">Timothy Larsen, Daniel J. Treier, <i>The Cambridge Companion to Evangelical Theology</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108062045/https://books.google.com/books?id=vlmXBe0RPxYC&pg=PA4">Archived</a> 8 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Cambridge University Press 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84698-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84698-1">978-0-521-84698-1</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oaks, Dallin H. (May 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1995/05/apostasy-and-restoration?lang=eng">Apostasy And Restoration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922153901/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1995/05/apostasy-and-restoration?lang=eng">Archived</a> 22 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ensign_(LDS_magazine)" title="Ensign (LDS magazine)">Ensign</a></i>. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0GuWbJhYIccC&pg=PA48">Stephen Hunt, <i>Alternative Religions</i> (Ashgate 2003</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108062053/https://books.google.com/books?id=0GuWbJhYIccC&pg=PA48">Archived</a> 8 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-3410-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-3410-2">978-0-7546-3410-2</a>), p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2OZ40dLil9wC&pg=PA133">Charles Simpson, <i>Inside the Churches of Christ</i> (Arthurhouse 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108062055/https://books.google.com/books?id=2OZ40dLil9wC&pg=PA133">Archived</a> 8 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4389-0140-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4389-0140-4">978-1-4389-0140-4</a>), p. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202073831/https://orthodoxprayer.org/Creed.html">"Orthodox Prayer: The Nicene Creed"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orthodoxprayer.org/Creed.html">the original</a> on 2 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orthodox+Prayer%3A+The+Nicene+Creed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orthodoxprayer.org%2FCreed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This version is called the Nicene Creed in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/prayers/nicenecreed.pdf">Catholic Prayers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027083826/http://scborromeo.org/prayers/nicenecreed.pdf">Archived</a> 27 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecatholictreasurechest.com/creeds.htm">Creeds of the Catholic Church</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104194242/http://www.thecatholictreasurechest.com/creeds.htm">Archived</a> 4 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bne.catholic.net.au/asp/index.asp?pgid=11381">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310092217/http://bne.catholic.net.au/asp/index.asp?pgid=11381">Archived</a> 10 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, etc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arm-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arm_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arm_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">What the Armenian Church calls the Nicene Creed is given in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenianchurchlibrary.com/files/creed.pdf">Armenian Church Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120824080722/http://www.armenianchurchlibrary.com/files/creed.pdf">Archived</a> 24 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stleon.org/">St Leon Armenian Church</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016173007/http://www.stleon.org/">Archived</a> 16 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armeniandiaconate.org/styled-3/index.html">Armenian Diaconate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119092740/http://armeniandiaconate.org/styled-3/index.html">Archived</a> 19 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, etc.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g.,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012114310/https://sites.google.com/site/litcomwenty/resources/resources--sunday-eucharist/roman-missal/apostles-creed">"Roman Missal | Apostles' Creed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wentworthville" class="mw-redirect" title="Wentworthville">Wentworthville</a>: <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/litcomwenty/resources/resources--sunday-eucharist/roman-missal/apostles-creed">the original</a> on 12 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2016</span>. <q>Instead of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, especially during Lent and Easter Time, the baptismal Symbol of the Roman Church, known as the Apostles' Creed, may be used</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roman+Missal+%7C+Apostles%27+Creed&rft.place=Wentworthville&rft.pub=Our+Lady+of+Mount+Carmel&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Flitcomwenty%2Fresources%2Fresources--sunday-eucharist%2Froman-missal%2Fapostles-creed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc03/htm/ii.10.ii.htm">Philip Schaff, The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. III: article <i>Constantinopolitan Creed</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224171155/https://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc03/htm/ii.10.ii.htm">Archived</a> 24 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> lists eight creed-forms calling themselves Niceno-Constantinopolitan or Nicene.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goarch.org/en/chapel/liturgical_texts/ordination-bishop-gr.asp">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America: Liturgical Texts</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_America" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070509041038/http://www.goarch.org/en/chapel/liturgical_texts/ordination-bishop-gr.asp">Archived</a> 9 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/greek/chrysostom_liturgy7.htm">Η ΘΕΙΑ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΑ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070104024712/http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/greek/chrysostom_liturgy7.htm">Archived</a> 4 January 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-missaleromanum-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-missaleromanum_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Missale Romanum</i>. Vatican City: Administratio Patrimonii Sedis Apostolicae. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missale+Romanum&rft.place=Vatican+City&rft.pub=Administratio+Patrimonii+Sedis+Apostolicae&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPontifical_Council_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity1995" class="citation journal cs1">Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity (20 September 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianunity.va/content/unitacristiani/en/documenti/altri-testi/en1.html">"The Greek and Latin Traditions Regarding the Procession of the Holy Spirit"</a>. <i>L'Osservatore Romano English Edition</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Osservatore+Romano+English+Edition&rft.atitle=The+Greek+and+Latin+Traditions+Regarding+the+Procession+of+the+Holy+Spirit&rft.date=1995-09-20&rft.au=Pontifical+Council+for+Promoting+Christian+Unity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianunity.va%2Fcontent%2Funitacristiani%2Fen%2Fdocumenti%2Faltri-testi%2Fen1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2376030">"οὐσί-α"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070818024009/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2376030">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%BF%E1%BD%90%CF%83%CE%AF-%CE%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252376030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Latin_Dictionary:_substantia-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_Latin_Dictionary:_substantia_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charlton T. Lewis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3D%2346080"><i>A Latin Dictionary: substantia</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080102231150/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3D%2346080">Archived</a> 2 January 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Latin_Dictionary:_credo-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_Latin_Dictionary:_credo_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charlton T. Lewis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dcredo"><i>A Latin Dictionary: credo</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160724113306/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dcredo">Archived</a> 24 July 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenianchurchlibrary.com/files/creed.pdf">"Text in Armenian, with transliteration and English translation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Armenianlibrary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120824080722/http://www.armenianchurchlibrary.com/files/creed.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Armenianlibrary.com&rft.atitle=Text+in+Armenian%2C+with+transliteration+and+English+translation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armenianchurchlibrary.com%2Ffiles%2Fcreed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipman1912" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Shipman, Andrew (1912). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Ruthenian_Rite" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ruthenian Rite">Ruthenian Rite</a>". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ruthenian+Rite&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Shipman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kucharek-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kucharek_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKucharek1971" class="citation book cs1">Kucharek, Casimir (1971). <i>The Byzantine-Slav Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom: Its Origin and Evolution</i>. <a href="/wiki/Combermere,_Ontario" title="Combermere, Ontario">Combermere, Ontario</a>, Canada: Alleluia Press. p. 547. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-911726-06-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-911726-06-3"><bdi>0-911726-06-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine-Slav+Liturgy+of+St.+John+Chrysostom%3A+Its+Origin+and+Evolution&rft.place=Combermere%2C+Ontario%2C+Canada&rft.pages=547&rft.pub=Alleluia+Press.&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-911726-06-3&rft.aulast=Kucharek&rft.aufirst=Casimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabie" class="citation web cs1">Babie, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114220526/http://compassreview.org/autumn05/6.html">"The Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church in Australia and the Filioque: A Return to Eastern Christian Tradition"</a>. Compass. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://compassreview.org/autumn05/6.html">the original</a> on 14 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ukrainian+Greek-Catholic+Church+in+Australia+and+the+Filioque%3A+A+Return+to+Eastern+Christian+Tradition&rft.pub=Compass&rft.aulast=Babie&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcompassreview.org%2Fautumn05%2F6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060924104610/http://www.archeparchy.ca/documents/Pastoral">"Pastoral Letter of the Ukrainian Catholic Hierarchy in Canada, 1 September 2005"</a>. <i>Archeparchy.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archeparchy.ca/documents/Pastoral%20Letter%20on%20the%20Creed.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archeparchy.ca&rft.atitle=Pastoral+Letter+of+the+Ukrainian+Catholic+Hierarchy+in+Canada%2C+1+September+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archeparchy.ca%2Fdocuments%2FPastoral%2520Letter%2520on%2520the%2520Creed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213164052/http://stsophia.us/Eng/renewal.htm">"Mark M. Morozowich, "Pope John Paul II and Ukrainian Catholic Liturgical Life: Renewal of Eastern Identity"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Stsophia.us</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stsophia.us/Eng/renewal.htm">the original</a> on 13 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stsophia.us&rft.atitle=Mark+M.+Morozowich%2C+%22Pope+John+Paul+II+and+Ukrainian+Catholic+Liturgical+Life%3A+Renewal+of+Eastern+Identity%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstsophia.us%2FEng%2Frenewal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assyrianchurch.org.au/about-us/faith/creed-of-nicaea">Creed of Nicaea</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110220111138/http://assyrianchurch.org.au/about-us/faith/creed-of-nicaea">Archived</a> 20 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenianchurchlibrary.com/files/creed.pdf">Nicene Creed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120824080722/http://www.armenianchurchlibrary.com/files/creed.pdf">Archived</a> 24 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>) <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintmaryhouston.org/index.php?q=content/about-us">The Coptic Orthodox Church: Our Creed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120819160810/http://www.saintmaryhouston.org/index.php?q=content%2Fabout-us">Archived</a> 19 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ninesaintsethiopianorthodoxmonastery.org/id18.html">Nicene Creed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110126005944/http://www.ninesaintsethiopianorthodoxmonastery.org/id18.html">Archived</a> 26 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stmarysnova.org/documents/church-mission">The Nicene Creed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623001926/http://www.stmarysnova.org/documents/church-mission">Archived</a> 23 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sor.cua.edu/Liturgy/Common/NiceneCreed.html">The Nicene Creed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120507074543/http://sor.cua.edu/Liturgy/Common/NiceneCreed.html">Archived</a> 7 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a>)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Enchiridion_Indulgentiarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Enchiridion Indulgentiarum">Enchiridion Indulgentiarum</a></i>, <i>Concessiones</i>, No. 19A, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 4th ed., 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-209-2785-3" title="Special:BookSources/88-209-2785-3">88-209-2785-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Enchiridion_Indulgentiarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Enchiridion Indulgentiarum">Enchiridion Indulgentiarum</a></i>, <i>Concessiones</i>, No. 28 §3, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 4th ed., 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-209-2785-3" title="Special:BookSources/88-209-2785-3">88-209-2785-3</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyres2006" class="citation book cs1">Ayres, Lewis (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nicaeaitslegacya0000ayre"><i>Nicaea and Its Legacy</i></a></span>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-875505-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-875505-8"><bdi>0-19-875505-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicaea+and+Its+Legacy&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-875505-8&rft.aulast=Ayres&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnicaeaitslegacya0000ayre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>A. E. Burn, <i>The Council of Nicaea</i> (1925)</li> <li>G. Forell, <i>Understanding the Nicene Creed</i> (1965)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Norman_Davidson_Kelly" title="John Norman Davidson Kelly">Kelly, John N. D.</a> (2006) [1972]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Titk-TEYqD4C"><i>Early Christian Creeds</i></a> (3rd ed.). London-New York: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-9216-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-9216-6"><bdi>978-0-8264-9216-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Christian+Creeds&rft.place=London-New+York&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-9216-6&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=John+N.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTitk-TEYqD4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitter1965" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ritter, Adolf Martin (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WZAAAAAAMAAJ"><i>Das Konzil von Konstantinopel und sein Symbol: Studien zur Geschichte und Theologie des II. Ökumenischen Konzils</i></a> [<i>The Council of Constantinople and its Symbol: Studies in the History and Theology of the Second Ecumenical Council</i>] (in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-666-55118-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-666-55118-5"><bdi>978-3-666-55118-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Konzil+von+Konstantinopel+und+sein+Symbol%3A+Studien+zur+Geschichte+und+Theologie+des+II.+%C3%96kumenischen+Konzils&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-3-666-55118-5&rft.aulast=Ritter&rft.aufirst=Adolf+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWZAAAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinzig2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kinzig, Wolfram (2021). <i>Das Glaubensbekenntnis von Konstantinopel (381): Herkunft, Geltung und Rezeption. Neue Texte und Studien zu den antiken und frühmittelalterlichen Glaubensbekenntnissen II</i> [<i>The Creed of Constantinople (381): Origin, Validity and Reception. New Texts and Studies on the Ancient and Early Medieval Creeds II</i>]. Arbeiten zur Kirchengeschichte 147 (in German). Berlin/Boston: <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-071461-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-071461-6"><bdi>978-3-11-071461-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Glaubensbekenntnis+von+Konstantinopel+%28381%29%3A+Herkunft%2C+Geltung+und+Rezeption.+Neue+Texte+und+Studien+zu+den+antiken+und+fr%C3%BChmittelalterlichen+Glaubensbekenntnissen+II&rft.place=Berlin%2FBoston&rft.series=Arbeiten+zur+Kirchengeschichte+147&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-3-11-071461-6&rft.aulast=Kinzig&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/nicea1.txt">Extensive discussion of the texts of the First Council of Nicea</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127213132/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/nicea1.txt">Archived</a> 27 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.iv.iii.html">Philip Schaff, <i>Creeds of Christendom</i> Volume I:</a> Nicene Creed</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509000845/http://www.wlsessays.net/subject/N/Nicene+Creed">"Essays on the Nicene Creed from the Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary Library"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wlsessays.net/subject/N/Nicene+Creed">the original</a> on 9 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Essays+on+the+Nicene+Creed+from+the+Wisconsin+Lutheran+Seminary+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlsessays.net%2Fsubject%2FN%2FNicene%2BCreed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b008jglt">"The Nicene Creed", run time 42 minutes, BBC <i>In Our Time</i> audio history series, moderator and historians, Episode 12-27-2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401014407/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006qykl/episodes/2007">Archived</a> 1 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicene_Creed&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> The full text of <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a> at Wikisource</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Latin <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Symbolum_Nic%C3%A6num_Costantinopolitanum" class="extiw" title="s:la:Symbolum Nicænum Costantinopolitanum">Symbolum Nicænum Costantinopolitanum</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Greek <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%82" class="extiw" title="s:el:Σύμβολο της Πίστεως">Nicene Creed in Greek</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-04/Npnf2-04-54.htm">Athanasius, <i>De Decretis</i> or Defence of the Nicene Definition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060613041610/http://ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-04/Npnf2-04-54.htm">Archived</a> 13 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218190813/http://www.ancient-future.net/nicene.html">"Line-by-Line Roman Catholic Explanation of the Nicene Creed"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancient-future.net/nicene.html">the original</a> on 18 February 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Line-by-Line+Roman+Catholic+Explanation+of+the+Nicene+Creed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancient-future.net%2Fnicene.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exomni.narod.ru/credo/credoframeset.htm">"Nicene Creed in languages of the world"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicene+Creed+in+languages+of+the+world&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexomni.narod.ru%2Fcredo%2Fcredoframeset.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029234314/http://www.fourthcentury.com/index.php/councils-and-creeds">"Modern English translations of the documents produced at Nicaea"</a>. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modern+English+translations+of+the+documents+produced+at+Nicaea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fourthcentury.com%2Findex.php%2Fcouncils-and-creeds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Nicene_and_Niceno-Constantinopolitan_Creed" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Nicene and Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed">Nicene and Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicene+and+Niceno-Constantinopolitan+Creed&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicene+Creed" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicene Creed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria in excelsis Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Patri" title="Gloria Patri">Gloria Patri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie eleison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Pater noster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Signum crucis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Infant Samuel at Prayer"><img alt="Infant Samuel at Prayer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png/90px-The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png/135px-The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png/180px-The_Infant_Samuel_at_Prayer_-_Sir_Joshua_Reynolds.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marian_devotions" title="Marian devotions">Marian prayers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Redemptoris_Mater" title="Alma Redemptoris Mater">Alma Redemptoris Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Ave Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_maris_stella" title="Ave maris stella">Ave maris stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Regina_caelorum" title="Ave Regina caelorum">Ave Regina caelorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1tima_prayers" title="Fátima prayers">Fátima prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_litany" title="Marian litany">Litany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Loreto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Mother_of_Grace" title="Mary, Mother of Grace">Maria mater gratiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorare" title="Memorare">Memorare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_caeli" title="Regina caeli">Regina caeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salve_Regina" title="Salve Regina">Salve Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub_tuum_praesidium" title="Sub tuum praesidium">Sub tuum praesidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Hail_Marys" title="Three Hail Marys">Three Hail Marys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">Other Catholic prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Contrition" title="Act of Contrition">Act of Contrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoro_te_devote" title="Adoro te devote">Adoro te devote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_God" title="Angel of God">Angele Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anima_Christi" title="Anima Christi">Anima Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_verum_corpus" title="Ave verum corpus">Ave verum corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplet_(prayer)" title="Chaplet (prayer)">Chaplets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Come,_Holy_Spirit" title="Come, Holy Spirit">Come, Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Praises" title="Divine Praises">Divine Praises (Laudes divinae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_prayer" title="Mental prayer">Mental prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany" title="Litany">Litanies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Saints" title="Litany of the Saints">Litany of the Saints</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_offering" title="Morning offering">Morning offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">Novena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunc_dimittis" title="Nunc dimittis">Nunc dimittis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_salutaris_hostia" title="O salutaris hostia">O salutaris hostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Penitential Psalms">Penitential Psalms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">51: Miserere mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_130" title="Psalm 130">130: De profundis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_before_a_crucifix" title="Prayer before a crucifix">Prayer before a crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Saint_Francis" title="Prayer of Saint Francis">Prayer of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_to_Saint_Joseph" title="Prayer to Saint Joseph">Prayer to Saint Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_to_Saint_Michael" title="Prayer to Saint Michael">Prayer to Saint Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Rest" title="Eternal Rest">Requiem æternam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual Communion">Spiritual Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantum_ergo" title="Tantum ergo">Tantum ergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Deum" title="Te Deum">Te Deum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veni_Creator_Spiritus" title="Veni Creator Spiritus">Veni Creator Spiritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veni_Sancte_Spiritus" title="Veni Sancte Spiritus">Veni Sancte Spiritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Visit to the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_prayers" title="Category:Roman Catholic prayers">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mass_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Forms and uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">After the Second Vatican Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a> (Ordinary Form)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sine_populo" title="Sine populo">sine populo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_Mass" title="Votive Mass">Votive Mass</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ritual_Masses" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ritual_Masses" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual Masses">Ritual Masses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mass" title="Blue Mass">Blue Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_and_Conventual_Mass" title="Chapter and Conventual Mass">Chapter and Conventual Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Mass" title="Coronation Mass">Coronation Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Mass">Gold Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuptial_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuptial Mass">Nuptial Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Mass">Rose Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Month%27s_mind" title="Month's mind">Month's mind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mass">White Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">Vernacular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Order of Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Pre-Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesting_prayers" title="Vesting prayers">Vesting prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges me</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidi_aquam" title="Vidi aquam">Vidi aquam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_hymn" title="Processional hymn">Processional hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Liturgy of<br />the Word</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_43" title="Psalm 43">Psalm 43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Entrance Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Act" title="Penitential Act">Penitential Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confiteor" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominus_vobiscum" title="Dominus vobiscum">Dominus vobiscum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oremus" title="Oremus">Oremus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms#Roman_Catholic_usage" title="Psalms">Responsorial Psalm</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistle (liturgy)">Epistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleluia#Roman_Rite" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tract_(liturgy)" title="Tract (liturgy)">Tract</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sequence_(musical_form)" title="Sequence (musical form)">sequence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)#Uses_in_the_Western_Churches" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credo" title="Credo">Credo</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Intercessions" title="General Intercessions">Universal Prayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Liturgy of<br />the Eucharist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orate_fratres" title="Orate fratres">Orate fratres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Secret_(liturgy)" title="Secret (liturgy)">prayer over the gifts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preface_(liturgy)" title="Preface (liturgy)">Preface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Sursum corda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hosanna" title="Hosanna">Hosanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Eucharistic Prayer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Canon of the Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">oblation</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">epiclesis</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">elevation</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">anamnesis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">texts and rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_digits" title="Canonical digits">Canonical digits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">Roman Canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">history</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Acclamation" title="Memorial Acclamation">Memorial Acclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embolism_(liturgy)" title="Embolism (liturgy)">embolism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_doxology" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic doxology">doxology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_(liturgy)" title="Pax (liturgy)">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Sign of peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dona_nobis_pacem" title="Dona nobis pacem">Dona nobis pacem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Holy Communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communion_(chant)" title="Communion (chant)">Communion antiphon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcommunion" title="Postcommunion">Postcommunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(liturgy)" title="Dismissal (liturgy)">Dismissal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benedicamus_Domino" title="Benedicamus Domino">Benedicamus Domino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Gospel" title="Last Gospel">Last Gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Post-Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_Prayers" title="Leonine Prayers">Leonine Prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recessional_hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessional hymn">Recessional hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">Altar server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_altar_servers" title="Female altar servers">female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat boy">Boat boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)" title="Cantor (Christianity)">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">Crucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_minister_of_Holy_Communion" title="Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion">Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_congress" title="Eucharistic congress">Eucharistic Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lector" title="Lector">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_usher" title="Church usher">Usher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Altar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar crucifix">Altar crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_rail" title="Altar rail">Altar rails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">Ambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)#Candles_and_candlesticks" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Candles and candlesticks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_candlestick_(Catholic_Church)" title="Triple candlestick (Catholic Church)">Triple candlestick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">Sanctuary lamp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice_veil" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice veil">Chalice veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_bench" title="Communion bench">Communion bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_(liturgy)" title="Corporal (liturgy)">Corporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credence_table" title="Credence table">Credence table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneeler" title="Kneeler">Kneeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misericord" title="Misericord">Misericord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pall (liturgy)">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscina" title="Piscina">Piscina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purificator" class="mw-redirect" title="Purificator">Purificator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rood" title="Rood">Rood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Liturgical<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday#Christian_use_of_ashes" title="Ash Wednesday">Ashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspergillum" title="Aspergillum">Aspergillum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">Chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(container)" title="Ciborium (container)">Ciborium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotalus_(instrument)" title="Crotalus (instrument)">Crotalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offertory#Collection_of_alms" title="Offertory">Collection basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion-plate" title="Communion-plate">Communion-plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruet" title="Cruet">Cruet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeliary" title="Evangeliary">Evangeliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistula_(liturgical_object)" title="Fistula (liturgical object)">Fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabellum" title="Flabellum">Flabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funghellino" title="Funghellino">Funghellino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuterge" title="Manuterge">Manuterge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">Paten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyx" title="Pyx">Pyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">Sacramental wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">Thurible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_books_of_the_Roman_Rite" title="Liturgical books of the Roman Rite">Liturgical books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6remoniale_Episcoporum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cæremoniale Episcoporum">Ceremonial of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gradual" title="Roman Gradual">Roman Gradual</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graduale_Simplex" title="Graduale Simplex">Graduale Simplex</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestments</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">Alb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amice" title="Amice">Amice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">Chasuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">Dalmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_sandals" title="Episcopal sandals">Episcopal sandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humeral_veil" title="Humeral veil">Humeral veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">Pallium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">Stole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">Surplice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunicle" title="Tunicle">Tunicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimpa" title="Vimpa">Vimpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year#Catholic_Church_liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Calendars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">General Roman Calendar of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">General Roman Calendar of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> (current)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascensiontide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Catholic_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic<br />discipline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">Concelebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_etiquette" title="Church etiquette">Church etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">Closed communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844">Canon 844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_the_developmentally_disabled" title="Communion and the developmentally disabled">Communion and the developmentally disabled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church#Eucharistic_Fast" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Eucharistic fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Communion" title="First Communion">First Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequent_Communion" title="Frequent Communion">Frequent Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuflection" title="Genuflection">Genuflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">Head cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_communion" title="Infant communion">Infant communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intinction" title="Intinction">Intinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_sacrament" title="Reserved sacrament">Reserved sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_communion" title="Spiritual communion">Spiritual communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anima_Christi" title="Anima Christi">Anima Christi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viaticum" title="Viaticum">Viaticum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharistic<br />theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Blood of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiousion" title="Epiousion">Epiousion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Grace in Christianity">Grace</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_Christi" title="In persona Christi">In persona Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_roots_of_Catholic_Eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology">Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">Koinonia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirae_caritatis" title="Mirae caritatis">Mirae caritatis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterium_fidei_(encyclical)" title="Mysterium fidei (encyclical)"><i>Mysterium fidei</i> (encyclical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Eucharist" title="Origin of the Eucharist">Origin of the Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvific nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_Melchizedek" title="Priesthood of Melchizedek">Priesthood of Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Catholic:_Objective,_substantial_and_entire" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Eucharist" title="Year of the Eucharist">Year of the Eucharist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Regulations<br />and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accentus" title="Accentus">Accentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">Ad orientem</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Versus_populum" title="Versus populum">versus populum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(liturgy)" title="Commemoration (liturgy)">Commemoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">Intercession of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mass" title="Order of Mass">Ordinary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">Propers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pro_multis" title="Pro multis">Pro multis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Agape feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_of_the_Apostolic_Tradition" title="Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition">Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Christian prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">effects of prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Dicastery for Divine Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_de_Eucharistia" title="Ecclesia de Eucharistia">Ecclesia de Eucharistia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">benediction</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominicae_cenae" title="Dominicae cenae">Dominicae Cenae</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Holy_Hour" title="Holy Hour">Holy Hour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_miracle" title="Eucharistic miracle">Eucharistic miracle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fermentum" title="Fermentum">Fermentum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelineau_psalmody" title="Gelineau psalmody">Gelineau psalmody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">History of the Roman Canon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lex_orandi,_lex_credendi" title="Lex orandi, lex credendi">Lex orandi, lex credendi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Movement" title="Liturgical Movement">Liturgical Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mediator_Dei" title="Mediator Dei">Mediator Dei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missale_Romanum_(apostolic_constitution)" title="Missale Romanum (apostolic constitution)"><i>Missale Romanum</i> (apostolic constitution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Catholic_liturgical_music" title="Contemporary Catholic liturgical music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stercoranism" title="Stercoranism">Stercoranism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tra_le_sollecitudini" title="Tra le sollecitudini">Tra le sollecitudini</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Catholic_Church_articles" title="Index of Catholic Church articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Glossary of the Catholic Church">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholics" title="Lists of Catholics">Lists of Catholics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Petrine primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Primacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Islamic conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Schism (1054)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Schism (1378)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Protestant">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic tradition">Tradition</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Lay Carmelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Discalced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)#International" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Charismatic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a><br /></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Apology of the Augsburg Confession">Apology of the Augsburg Confession</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smalcald_Articles" title="Smalcald Articles">Smalcald Articles</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_the_Power_and_Primacy_of_the_Pope" title="Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope">Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism" title="Luther's Small Catechism">Luther's Small Catechism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Large_Catechism" title="Luther's Large Catechism">Luther's Large Catechism </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Concordia,_Dresden_1580_-_fba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Concordia%2C_Dresden_1580_-_fba.jpg/50px-Concordia%2C_Dresden_1580_-_fba.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Concordia%2C_Dresden_1580_-_fba.jpg/75px-Concordia%2C_Dresden_1580_-_fba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Concordia%2C_Dresden_1580_-_fba.jpg/100px-Concordia%2C_Dresden_1580_-_fba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Order_of_the_Divine_Service_in_Lutheranism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lutheran_Divine_Service" title="Template:Lutheran Divine Service"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lutheran_Divine_Service" title="Template talk:Lutheran Divine Service"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheran_Divine_Service" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheran Divine Service"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Order_of_the_Divine_Service_in_Lutheranism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Order of the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparatory Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Entrance hymn and <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_formula" title="Trinitarian formula">Trinitarian formula</a> (known as the Invocation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Act" title="Penitential Act">Penitential Act</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Confiteor#Usage_in_Lutheranism" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Grace" title="Declaration of Grace">Declaration of Grace</a> (or <i><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges</a></i> on Easter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Service of the Word</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Introit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Patri" title="Gloria Patri">Gloria Patri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kýrie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominus_vobiscum" title="Dominus vobiscum">Dominus vobiscum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oremus" title="Oremus">Oremus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> reading</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">gradual</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Psalms#The_Psalms_in_Christian_worship" title="Psalms">Responsorial Psalm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tract_(liturgy)" title="Tract (liturgy)">tract</a> during <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_of_the_day" title="Hymn of the day">Hymn of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">Homily</a> or <a href="/wiki/Postil" title="Postil">Postil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicene Creed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a> on <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Intercessions" title="General Intercessions">Prayers of the Faithful</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Service of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_Lutheranism" title="Eucharist in Lutheranism">Eucharist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preface_(liturgy)" title="Preface (liturgy)">Preface</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Sursum corda</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Hosanna" title="Hosanna">Hosanna</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Eucharistic Prayer</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">Epiclesis</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution#Lutheran_Churches" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Acclamation" title="Memorial Acclamation">Memorial Acclamation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Sign of peace</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Pax_(liturgy)" title="Pax (liturgy)">pax</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">elevation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Agnus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_Lutheranism#Manner_of_reception" title="Eucharist in Lutheranism">Distribution</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nunc_dimittis" title="Nunc dimittis">Nunc dimittis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcommunion" title="Postcommunion">Postcommunion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benedicamus_Domino" title="Benedicamus Domino">Benedicamus Domino</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benediction" title="Benediction">Benediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(liturgy)" title="Dismissal (liturgy)">Dismissal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop#Lutheranism" title="Bishop">bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)" title="Cantor (Christianity)">cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">crucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon#Lutheranism" title="Deacon">deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_(Christianity)#Lutheranism" title="Elder (Christianity)">elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lector" title="Lector">lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor#Protestantism" title="Pastor">Pastor</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Priest#Lutheran" title="Priest">Priest</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_usher" title="Church usher">usher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts of the Sanctuary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar#Protestant_Churches" title="Altar">altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar crucifix">altar crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_rail" title="Altar rail">altar rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneeler" title="Kneeler">kneeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscina" title="Piscina">piscina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">processional cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">tabernacle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_candle" title="Altar candle">altar candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">paschal candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">sanctuary lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_candle" title="Votive candle">votive candle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liturgical vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(container)" title="Ciborium (container)">ciborium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruet" title="Cruet">cruet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liturgical objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offertory#Collection_of_alms" title="Offertory">collection basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a> (<a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">use</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">paten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">sacramental bread</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">sacramental wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">thurible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">alb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">chasuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">dalmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_gown" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva gown">geneva gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humeral_veil" title="Humeral veil">humeral veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">stole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">surplice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunicle" title="Tunicle">tunicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book#Lutheran" title="Liturgical book">Liturgical books</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_hymnals#Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hymnals">hymnals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Worship:_A_Lutheran_Hymnal" title="Christian Worship: A Lutheran Hymnal">Christian Worship</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Worship:_Hymnal" title="Christian Worship: Hymnal">Christian Worship</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Service_Book" title="Common Service Book">Common Service Book</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Hymn-Book" title="Evangelical Lutheran Hymn-Book">Evangelical Lutheran Hymn-Book</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Hymnary" title="Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary">Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Worship" title="Evangelical Lutheran Worship">Evangelical Lutheran Worship</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Book_of_Worship" title="Lutheran Book of Worship">Lutheran Book of Worship</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lutheran_Hymnal" title="The Lutheran Hymnal">The Lutheran Hymnal</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Hymnal_with_Supplement" title="Lutheran Hymnal with Supplement">Lutheran Hymnal with Supplement</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Service_Book" title="Lutheran Service Book">Lutheran Service Book</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Worship" title="Lutheran Worship">Lutheran Worship</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ReClaim_Hymnal" title="ReClaim Hymnal">ReClaim Hymnal</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_Book_and_Hymnal" title="Service Book and Hymnal">Service Book and Hymnal</a></i> (1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td 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