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2.4 Sexuality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Other views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Diversity </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diversity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Diversity subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Diversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christian_fundamentalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_fundamentalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Christian fundamentalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_fundamentalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mainstream_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mainstream_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Mainstream varieties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mainstream_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progressive_evangelicals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progressive_evangelicals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Progressive evangelicals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progressive_evangelicals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 18th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Global statistics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Global_statistics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Global statistics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Global_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Nigeria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopia_and_Eritrea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopia_and_Eritrea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Ethiopia and Eritrea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopia_and_Eritrea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 Kenya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 South Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.5 Malawi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mozambique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mozambique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.6 Mozambique </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mozambique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_African_Revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_African_Revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.7 East African Revival </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_African_Revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Latin America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Brazil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guatemala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guatemala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Guatemala </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guatemala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 South Korea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 Philippines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 Great Britain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.3 Switzerland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglo_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglo_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Anglo America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglo_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evangelical_humanitarian_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evangelical_humanitarian_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Evangelical humanitarian aid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evangelical_humanitarian_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Missions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Evangelicalism</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" > 59 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الإنجيلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإنجيلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89gll%C3%A9ses_%C3%A8vang%C3%A8liques" title="Églléses èvangèliques – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Églléses èvangèliques" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilesies_evanx%C3%A9liques" title="Ilesies evanxéliques – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ilesies evanxéliques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="اوانجلیسم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوانجلیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%85%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Евангельскія хрысціяне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Евангельскія хрысціяне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Евангелизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Евангелизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelicalisme" title="Evangelicalisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evangelicalisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanghelikalismo" title="Ebanghelikalismo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ebanghelikalismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelikalismus" title="Evangelikalismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Evangelikalismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelikalisme" title="Evangelikalisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Evangelikalisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelikalismus" title="Evangelikalismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Evangelikalismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ευαγγελικός Χριστιανισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευαγγελικός Χριστιανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelicalismo" title="Evangelicalismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evangelicalismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeliismo" title="Evangeliismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Evangeliismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristautasun_ebanjeliko" title="Kristautasun ebanjeliko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristautasun ebanjeliko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مسیحیت انجیلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسیحیت انجیلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vang%C3%A9lisme" title="Évangélisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évangélisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protast%C3%BAnachas_Soisc%C3%A9alach" title="Protastúnachas Soiscéalach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Protastúnachas Soiscéalach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo_evanx%C3%A9lico" title="Cristianismo evanxélico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cristianismo evanxélico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%9D%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="복음주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="복음주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="शुभसंदेशीयवाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शुभसंदेशीयवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelikalisme" title="Evangelikalisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Evangelikalisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelicalismo" title="Evangelicalismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Evangelicalismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelicalismo" title="Evangelicalismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Evangelicalismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אוונגליזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוונגליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjelis" title="Evanjelis – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Evanjelis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Евангелисттер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Евангелисттер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eglesias_evanj%C3%A9likas" title="Eglesias evanjélikas – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Eglesias evanjélikas" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelismus" title="Evangelismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Evangelismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelikai" title="Evangelikai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Evangelikai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesa_Evangelega" title="Gesa Evangelega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gesa Evangelega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelikalizmus" title="Evangelikalizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Evangelikalizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Евангелизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Евангелизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjelisma" title="Evanjelisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Evanjelisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكنيسه الانجيليه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكنيسه الانجيليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch_christendom" title="Evangelisch christendom – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Evangelisch christendom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="福音主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="福音主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelikalisme" title="Evangelikalisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Evangelikalisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="انجیلی مسیحیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انجیلی مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewangelikalizm" title="Ewangelikalizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ewangelikalizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelicalismo" title="Evangelicalismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Evangelicalismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanghelism" title="Evanghelism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evanghelism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Евангельские христиане – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Евангельские христиане" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Евангелизм – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Евангелизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangjelikalizmi" title="Evangjelikalizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Evangjelikalizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Evangelicalism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjelik%C3%A1lne_hnutie" title="Evanjelikálne hnutie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Evanjelikálne hnutie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeljske_cerkve" title="Evangeljske cerkve – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evangeljske cerkve" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Евангелизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Евангелизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelizam" title="Evangelizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Evangelizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evankelikalismi" title="Evankelikalismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Evankelikalismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelikalism" title="Evangelikalism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Evangelikalism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நற்செய்தி இயக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நற்செய்தி இயக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjelikalizm" title="Evanjelikalizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Evanjelikalizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Євангельські християни – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Євангельські християни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="انجیلی مسیحیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انجیلی مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_ph%C3%BAc_%C3%A2m" title="Chủ nghĩa phúc âm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa phúc âm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjelikalizm" title="Evanjelikalizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Evanjelikalizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="color: black;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#efefef;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Protestantism" title="Category:Protestantism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#efefef;;padding:0.2em; background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Christian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin version of the Christian cross which is used by virtually all Protestant denominations"><img alt="Latin version of the Christian cross which is used by virtually all Protestant denominations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/85px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/128px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/170px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Protestantism" title="Outline of Protestantism">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Anti-Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Bible" title="Protestant Bible">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Protestantism" title="Criticism of Protestantism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_culture" title="Protestant culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_by_country" title="Protestantism by country">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_ecclesiology" title="Protestant ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic%E2%80%93Protestant_relations" title="Catholic–Protestant relations">Relations with Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_theologies" title="Protestant theologies">Theologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Solas" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Solas">Five Solas</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Protestantism" title="History of Protestantism">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Reformation" title="Bohemian Reformation">Bohemian Reformation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magisterial_Reformation" title="Magisterial Reformation">Magisterial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ninety-five_Theses" title="Ninety-five Theses">Ninety-five Theses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Protestantism" title="Crypto-Protestantism">Crypto-Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Dissenters" title="English Dissenters">Dissenters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakenings in America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revival_meeting" title="Revival meeting">Revival meetings</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations#Protestant" title="List of Christian denominations">Branches</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Protestants">Proto-Protestants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Reformed church">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterians" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterians">Presbyterians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational">Congregational</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican_movement" title="Continuing Anglican movement">Continuing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptists">Anabaptists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakers" title="Shakers">Shakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone-Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone-Campbell">Stone-Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Life_movement" title="Higher Life movement">Keswickians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Eastern Protestant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostals">Pentecostals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United and uniting churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Catholic" title="Evangelical Catholic">Augsburg Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(religion)" title="Confessionalism (religion)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessing_Movement" title="Confessing Movement">Confessing Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convergence_Movement" title="Convergence Movement">Convergence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Growth" title="Church Growth">Church Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_church" title="Emerging church">Emerging church</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_church" title="High church">High church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of 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Great">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian 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Universalist churches">Unitarians and Universalists</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian cross"><img alt="Christian cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Evangelicalism (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌiːvænˈdʒɛlɪkəlɪzəm, ˌɛvæn-, -ən-/</a>), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide <a href="/wiki/Interdenominationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdenominationalism">interdenominational</a> movement within <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> that puts primary emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Evangelization" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelization">evangelization</a>. The word evangelic comes from the Greek word for '<a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">good news</a>' (evangelion).<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel story</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvation</a> from <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin" title="Christian views on sin">sin</a> is considered "the good news". The process of personal conversion involves complete surrender to <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> (commonly referred to as being "<a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">born again</a>"). The conversion process is authoritatively guided by the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, the <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God in Christianity</a>'s revelation to humanity.<a href="#cite_note-USC2022-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sweet1997-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kidd2019-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley201311-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-osguinness.com-6">[6]</a> Critics of the conceptualization of evangelicalism argue that it is too broad, too diverse, or too ill-defined to be adequately seen as a movement or a single movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDayton1991251-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweeney200523-8">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> nature of evangelicalism was first explored during the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> in 16th century <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ninety-five_Theses" title="Ninety-five Theses">Ninety-Five Theses</a> in 1517 emphasized that <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">scripture</a> and the preaching of the gospel had ultimate authority over the practices of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a>. The origins of modern evangelicalism are usually traced to 1738, with various theological streams contributing to its foundation, including <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puritanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritanism">Puritanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quakerism" class="mw-redirect" title="Quakerism">Quakerism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravianism</a> (in particular its bishop <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Zinzendorf" title="Nicolaus Zinzendorf">Nicolaus Zinzendorf</a> and his community at <a href="/wiki/Herrnhut" title="Herrnhut">Herrnhut</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Hope1997-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brian_Stiller_2015,_pp._28,_90-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-AngellDandelion2018-11">[11]</a> Preeminently, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> and other early <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodists</a> were at the root of sparking this new movement during the <a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a>. Today, evangelicals are found across many Protestant branches, as well as in various denominations around the world, not subsumed to a specific branch.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Among leaders and major figures of the evangelical Protestant movement were <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Zinzendorf" title="Nicolaus Zinzendorf">Nicolaus Zinzendorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Fox" title="George Fox">George Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield" title="George Whitefield">George Whitefield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bright" title="Bill Bright">Bill Bright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Ockenga" title="Harold Ockenga">Harold Ockenga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gudina_Tumsa" title="Gudina Tumsa">Gudina Tumsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Stott" title="John Stott">John Stott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Olaz%C3%A1bal" title="Francisco Olazábal">Francisco Olazábal</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_J._Seymour" title="William J. Seymour">William J. Seymour</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Martyn_Lloyd-Jones" title="Martyn Lloyd-Jones">Martyn Lloyd-Jones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hope1997-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-AngellDandelion2018-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-CYMF2018-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wood1984-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Evangelicalism has long had a presence in the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> before spreading further afield in the 19th, 20th, and early 21st centuries. The movement gained significant momentum during the 18th and 19th centuries with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakening</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and also in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>'s reformations. As of 2016,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit">[update]</a> there were an estimated 619 million evangelicals in the world, meaning that one in four Christians would be classified as evangelical.<a href="#cite_note-CNRS-16">[16]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Evangelicalism in the United States">United States has the largest proportion of evangelicals</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-How_Many_Evangelicals_Are_There-17">[17]</a> American evangelicals are a quarter of the nation's population and its <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">single largest religious group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pew_research-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> As a transdenominational praxis, evangelicals may be found in nearly every Protestant denomination and tradition, particularly within the <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Continental Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational</a>), <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_theology" title="Wesleyan theology">Wesleyan–Arminian</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_church" title="Free church">Free Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quakerism" class="mw-redirect" title="Quakerism">Quaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">charismatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">non-denominational</a> churches.<a href="#cite_note-2018AngellDandelion-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson1993-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhlmann1991155-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wood1984-14">[14]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology">edit</a>]</div> The word evangelical has its etymological roots in the Greek word for '<a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">gospel</a>' or 'good news': εὐαγγέλιον euangelion, from eu 'good', angel- the <a href="/wiki/Word_stem" title="Word stem">stem</a> of, among other words, angelos 'messenger, angel', and the <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">neuter</a> <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> -ion.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> By the English Middle Ages, the term had expanded semantically to include not only the message, but also the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> which contained the message as well as more specifically the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a>, which portray the life, death, and resurrection of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200416-25">[25]</a> The first published use of evangelical in English was in 1531, when <a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a> wrote "He exhorteth them to proceed constantly in the evangelical truth." One year later, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a> wrote the earliest recorded use in reference to a theological distinction when he spoke of "Tyndale [and] his evangelical brother Barns."<a href="#cite_note-Johnson-26">[26]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>, Protestant theologians embraced the term as referring to "gospel truth." <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> referred to the evangelische Kirche ("evangelical church") to distinguish Protestants from Catholics in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Into the 21st century, evangelical has continued in use as a synonym for <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>. This usage is reflected in the names of Protestant denominations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200416-25">[25]</a> The German term evangelisch more accurately corresponds to the broad English term Protestant<a href="#cite_note-:0-29">[29]</a> and should not be confused with the narrower German term evangelikal, or the term pietistisch (a term etymologically related to the <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietist</a> movements), which are used to described Evangelicalism in the sense used in this article. <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a> denominations with a <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> or semi-Lutheran background, like the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Canada" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_England" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of England">Evangelical Lutheran Church of England</a>, who are not evangelical in the evangelikal sense but Protestant in the evangelisch sense, have translated the German term evangelisch (or Protestant) into the English term Evangelical, although the two German words have different meanings.<a href="#cite_note-:0-29">[29]</a> In other parts of the world, especially in the English-speaking world, evangelical (German: evangelikal or pietistisch) is commonly applied to describe the <a href="/wiki/Interdenominationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdenominationalism">interdenominational</a> <a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born-Again</a> believing movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden19912-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Christian historian <a href="/wiki/David_W._Bebbington" title="David W. Bebbington">David W. Bebbington</a> writes that, "Although 'evangelical,' with a lower-case initial, is occasionally used to mean 'of the gospel,' the term 'Evangelical' with a capital letter, is applied to any aspect of the movement beginning in the 1730s."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington19931-35">[35]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>, evangelicalism was first used in 1831.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorthen2014273-36">[36]</a> In 1812, the term evangelicalism appeared in The History of Lynn by <a href="/wiki/William_Richards_(minister)" title="William Richards (minister)">William Richards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Richards1812-37">[37]</a> In the summer of 1811 the term evangelicalists was used in The Sin and Danger of Schism by Rev. Dr. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Burnaby" title="Andrew Burnaby">Andrew Burnaby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Leicester" title="Archdeacon of Leicester">Archdeacon of Leicester</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Leicester.)1811-38">[38]</a> The term may also be used outside any religious context to characterize a generic missionary, reforming, or redeeming impulse or purpose. For example, <a href="/wiki/The_Times_Literary_Supplement" title="The Times Literary Supplement">The Times Literary Supplement</a> refers to "the rise and fall of evangelical fervor within the Socialist movement."<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> This usage refers to <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelism</a>, rather than evangelicalism as discussed here; though sharing an etymology and conceptual basis, the words have diverged significantly in meaning. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beliefs">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PingstV%C3%A4ster%C3%A5sDopgrav1801.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/PingstV%C3%A4ster%C3%A5sDopgrav1801.jpg/220px-PingstV%C3%A4ster%C3%A5sDopgrav1801.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/PingstV%C3%A4ster%C3%A5sDopgrav1801.jpg/330px-PingstV%C3%A4ster%C3%A5sDopgrav1801.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/PingstV%C3%A4ster%C3%A5sDopgrav1801.jpg/440px-PingstV%C3%A4ster%C3%A5sDopgrav1801.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baptistery" title="Baptistery">Baptistery</a> in the Pentecostal church (Pingstförsamlingen) of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s" title="Västerås">Västerås</a>, in Sweden, 2018.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgia_Dome_-_Passion_Conference.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Georgia_Dome_-_Passion_Conference.JPG/220px-Georgia_Dome_-_Passion_Conference.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Georgia_Dome_-_Passion_Conference.JPG/330px-Georgia_Dome_-_Passion_Conference.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Georgia_Dome_-_Passion_Conference.JPG/440px-Georgia_Dome_-_Passion_Conference.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Passion_Conferences" title="Passion Conferences">Passion Conferences</a>, a music and evangelism festival at <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Dome" title="Georgia Dome">Georgia Dome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>, United States, in 2013.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_theology" title="Evangelical theology">Evangelical theology</a></div> One influential definition of evangelicalism has been proposed by historian David Bebbington.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueman201114-40">[40]</a> Bebbington notes four distinctive aspects of evangelical faith: <a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">conversionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblicism">biblicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Bebbington#Bebbington_quadrilateral" class="mw-redirect" title="David Bebbington">crucicentrism</a>, and activism, noting, "Together they form a quadrilateral of priorities that is the basis of Evangelicalism."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington19933-41">[41]</a> Conversionism, or belief in the necessity of being "<a href="/wiki/Born_again_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Born again (Christianity)">born again</a>," has been a constant theme of evangelicalism since its beginnings.<a href="#cite_note-Kidd2019-4">[4]</a> To evangelicals, the central message of the gospel is <a href="/wiki/Justification_by_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Justification by faith">justification by faith</a> in Christ and <a href="/wiki/Repentance_in_Christianity" title="Repentance in Christianity">repentance</a>, or turning away, from <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a>. Conversion differentiates the Christian from the non-Christian, and the change in life it leads to is marked by both a rejection of sin and a corresponding personal <a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity" title="Sanctification in Christianity">holiness</a> of life. A conversion experience can be emotional, including grief and sorrow for sin followed by great relief at receiving forgiveness. The stress on conversion differentiates evangelicalism from other forms of Protestantism by the associated belief that an <a href="/wiki/Assurance_(theology)" title="Assurance (theology)">assurance</a> will accompany conversion.<a href="#cite_note-Yates2015-42">[42]</a> Among evangelicals, individuals have testified to both sudden and gradual conversions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington19935–8-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Biblicism is reverence for the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Bible" title="Protestant Bible">Bible</a> and high regard for <a href="/wiki/Biblical_authority" title="Biblical authority">biblical authority</a>. All evangelicals believe in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_inspiration" title="Biblical inspiration">biblical inspiration</a>, though they disagree over how this inspiration should be defined. Many evangelicals believe in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">biblical inerrancy</a>, while other evangelicals believe in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_infallibility" title="Biblical infallibility">biblical infallibility</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199312–14-45">[45]</a> Crucicentrism is the centrality that evangelicals give to the <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonement in Christianity">Atonement</a>, the saving <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">death</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection of Jesus</a>, that offers forgiveness of sins and new life. This is understood most commonly in terms of a <a href="/wiki/Substitutionary_atonement" title="Substitutionary atonement">substitutionary atonement</a>, in which Christ died as a substitute for sinful humanity by taking on himself the guilt and punishment for sin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199315–16-46">[46]</a> Activism describes the tendency toward active expression and sharing of the gospel in diverse ways that include preaching and social action. This aspect of evangelicalism continues to be seen today in the proliferation of evangelical voluntary religious groups and <a href="/wiki/Parachurch_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Parachurch organizations">parachurch organizations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199312-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_government_and_organizations">Church government and organizations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Church government and organizations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_HongKongBaptistTheologicalSeminary_Admin%26EdBlock.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/HK_HongKongBaptistTheologicalSeminary_Admin%26EdBlock.JPG/220px-HK_HongKongBaptistTheologicalSeminary_Admin%26EdBlock.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/HK_HongKongBaptistTheologicalSeminary_Admin%26EdBlock.JPG/330px-HK_HongKongBaptistTheologicalSeminary_Admin%26EdBlock.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/HK_HongKongBaptistTheologicalSeminary_Admin%26EdBlock.JPG/440px-HK_HongKongBaptistTheologicalSeminary_Admin%26EdBlock.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1397" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Baptist_Theological_Seminary" title="Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary">Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, 2008.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baptist_Hospital_Mutengene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Baptist_Hospital_Mutengene.jpg/300px-Baptist_Hospital_Mutengene.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Baptist_Hospital_Mutengene.jpg/450px-Baptist_Hospital_Mutengene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Baptist_Hospital_Mutengene.jpg/600px-Baptist_Hospital_Mutengene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Baptist Hospital Mutengene (<a href="/wiki/Tiko" title="Tiko">Tiko</a>), member of the <a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Baptist_Convention" title="Cameroon Baptist Convention">Cameroon Baptist Convention</a>.</figcaption></figure> The word church has several meanings among evangelicals. It can refer to the universal church (the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">body of Christ</a>) including all Christians everywhere.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> It can also refer to the <a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">church (congregation)</a>, which is the <a href="/wiki/Visible_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible church">visible</a> representation of the <a href="/wiki/Invisible_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Invisible church">invisible church</a>. It is responsible for teaching and administering the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacraments</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(Christianity)" title="Ordinance (Christianity)">ordinances</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Lord's Supper</a>, but some evangelicals also count <a href="/wiki/Footwashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Footwashing">footwashing</a> as an ordinance as well).<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Many evangelical traditions adhere to the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Believers%27_Church" title="Believers' Church">believers' Church</a>, which teaches that one becomes a member of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a> by the <a href="/wiki/New_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="New birth">new birth</a> and profession of faith.<a href="#cite_note-religion.info-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhlmann1991155-23">[23]</a> This originated in the <a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a> with <a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptists</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> but is held by denominations that practice <a href="/wiki/Believer%27s_baptism" title="Believer's baptism">believer's baptism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Evangelicals in the Anglican, Methodist and Reformed traditions practice <a href="/wiki/Infant_baptism" title="Infant baptism">infant baptism</a> as one's initiation into the community of faith and the New Testament counterpart to <a href="/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious male circumcision">circumcision</a>, while also stressing the necessity of personal conversion later in life for <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer200254-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington19938–10-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-UMC_–_By_Water_and_the_Spirit-55">[55]</a> Some evangelical denominations operate according to <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">episcopal polity</a> or <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_polity" title="Presbyterian polity">presbyterian polity</a>. However, the most common form of church government within Evangelicalism is <a href="/wiki/Congregational_polity" title="Congregational polity">congregational polity</a>. This is especially common among nondenominational evangelical churches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer2002549-56">[56]</a> Many churches are members of a national and international <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denomination</a> for a cooperative relationship in common organizations, for the <a href="/wiki/Mission_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (Christianity)">mission</a> and social areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Christian_humanitarian_aid" title="Christian humanitarian aid">humanitarian aid</a>, schools, <a href="/wiki/Bible_college" title="Bible college">theological institutes</a> and hospitals.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Common <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">ministries</a> within evangelical congregations are <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elder_(Christianity)" title="Elder (Christianity)">elder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worship_leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Worship leader">worship leader</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The ministry of <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> with a function of supervision over churches on a regional or national scale is present in all the Evangelical <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">Christian denominations</a>, even if the titles president of the council or general overseer are mainly used for this function.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The term bishop is explicitly used in certain denominations.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Some evangelical denominations are members of the <a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a> and its 129 national alliances.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Some evangelical denominations officially authorize the <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women" title="Ordination of women">ordination of women</a> in churches.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The female ministry is justified by the fact that <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> was chosen by Jesus to announce his resurrection to the apostles.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> woman who was consecrated pastor is the American Clarissa Danforth in the denomination <a href="/wiki/Free_Will_Baptist" title="Free Will Baptist">Free Will Baptist</a> in 1815.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In 1882, in the <a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Churches_USA" title="American Baptist Churches USA">American Baptist Churches USA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a> of the United States, since 1927.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In 1965, in the <a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention,_USA" title="National Baptist Convention, USA">National Baptist Convention, USA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In 1969, in the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Baptist_Convention" title="Progressive National Baptist Convention">Progressive National Baptist Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In 1975, in <a href="/wiki/The_Foursquare_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="The Foursquare Church">The Foursquare Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worship_service">Worship service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Worship service">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CCFPasigjf1305_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/CCFPasigjf1305_07.JPG/220px-CCFPasigjf1305_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/CCFPasigjf1305_07.JPG/330px-CCFPasigjf1305_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/CCFPasigjf1305_07.JPG/440px-CCFPasigjf1305_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Worship_service_(evangelicalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worship service (evangelicalism)">Worship service</a> at <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_Commission_Fellowship" title="Christ's Commission Fellowship">Christ's Commission Fellowship</a> Pasig affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_Commission_Fellowship" title="Christ's Commission Fellowship">Christ's Commission Fellowship</a> in 2014, in <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>, Philippines.</figcaption></figure> For evangelicals, there are three interrelated meanings to the term worship. It can refer to living a "God-pleasing and God-focused way of life," specific actions of praise to God, and a public <a href="/wiki/Worship_service_(evangelicalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worship service (evangelicalism)">worship service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitvliet2010310–311-74">[74]</a> Diversity characterizes evangelical worship practices. <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship" title="Contemporary worship">contemporary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_charismatic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical charismatic movement">charismatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seeker-sensitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Seeker-sensitive">seeker-sensitive</a> worship styles can all be found among evangelical churches. Overall, evangelicals tend to be more flexible and experimental with worship practices than mainline Protestant churches.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> It is usually run by a Christian <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastor</a>. A service is often divided into several parts, including congregational singing, a sermon, <a href="/wiki/Intercessory_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercessory prayer">intercessory prayer</a>, and other ministry.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> During worship there is usually a <a href="/wiki/Nursery_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursery school">nursery</a> for babies.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Children and young people receive an adapted education, <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday school</a>, in a separate room.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chumukedima_Ao_Baptist_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Chumukedima_Ao_Baptist_Church.jpg/220px-Chumukedima_Ao_Baptist_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Chumukedima_Ao_Baptist_Church.jpg/330px-Chumukedima_Ao_Baptist_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Chumukedima_Ao_Baptist_Church.jpg/440px-Chumukedima_Ao_Baptist_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4506" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption> Chümoukedima Ao Baptist Church building in <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BCmoukedima" title="Chümoukedima">Chümoukedima</a>, affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Baptist_Church_Council" title="Nagaland Baptist Church Council">Nagaland Baptist Church Council</a> (India).</figcaption></figure> Places of worship are usually called "churches."<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In some <a href="/wiki/Megachurches" class="mw-redirect" title="Megachurches">megachurches</a>, the building is called "campus."<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> of places of worship is mainly characterized by its sobriety.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin cross</a> is one of the only spiritual symbols that can usually be seen on the building of an evangelical church and that identifies the place's belonging.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Some services take place in theaters, schools or multipurpose rooms, rented for Sunday only.<a href="#cite_note-Caillou-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Because of their understanding of <a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_make_unto_thee_any_graven_image" title="Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image">the second</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a>, some evangelicals do not have religious material representations such as statues, icons, or paintings in their places of worship.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> There is usually a <a href="/wiki/Baptistery" title="Baptistery">baptistery</a> on what is variously known as the <a href="/wiki/Chancel" title="Chancel">chancel</a> (also called sanctuary) or stage, though they may be alternatively found in a separate room, for the <a href="/wiki/Immersion_baptism" title="Immersion baptism">baptisms by immersion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In some countries of the world which apply <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>, government authorizations for worship are complex for Evangelical Christians.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Because of <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">persecution of Christians</a>, Evangelical <a href="/wiki/House_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="House churches">house churches</a> are the only option for many Christians to live their faith in community.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> For example, there is the <a href="/wiki/House_church_(China)" title="House church (China)">Evangelical house churches in China</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The meetings thus take place in private houses, in secret and in illegality.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The main Christian feasts celebrated by the Evangelicals are <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> (by a majority of Evangelical denominations) and <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> for all believers.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loreto_D._Tupaz_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Loreto_D._Tupaz_Hall.jpg/220px-Loreto_D._Tupaz_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Loreto_D._Tupaz_Hall.jpg/330px-Loreto_D._Tupaz_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Loreto_D._Tupaz_Hall.jpg/440px-Loreto_D._Tupaz_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption> College of Nursing, <a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_University" title="Central Philippine University">Central Philippine University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo City</a>, affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Philippine_Baptist_Churches" title="Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches">Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches</a>, 2018.</figcaption></figure> Evangelical churches have been involved in the establishment of elementary and secondary schools.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> It also enabled the development of several <a href="/wiki/Bible_colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible colleges">bible colleges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Colleges">colleges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities">universities</a> in the United States during the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Other evangelical universities have been established in various countries of the world.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Council_for_Christian_Colleges_and_Universities" title="Council for Christian Colleges and Universities">Council for Christian Colleges and Universities</a> was founded in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In 2023, the CCCU had 185 members in 21 countries.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Christian_Schools_International" title="Association of Christian Schools International">Association of Christian Schools International</a> was founded in 1978 by 3 American associations of evangelical Christian schools.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Various international schools have joined the network.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In 2023, it had 23,000 schools in 100 countries.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Evangelical_Theological_Education" title="International Council for Evangelical Theological Education">International Council for Evangelical Theological Education</a> was founded in 1980 by the Theological Commission of the <a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In 2023, it had 850 member schools in 113 countries.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sexuality">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wedding_at_First_Baptist_Church_of_Rivas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Wedding_at_First_Baptist_Church_of_Rivas.jpg/220px-Wedding_at_First_Baptist_Church_of_Rivas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Wedding_at_First_Baptist_Church_of_Rivas.jpg/330px-Wedding_at_First_Baptist_Church_of_Rivas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Wedding_at_First_Baptist_Church_of_Rivas.jpg/440px-Wedding_at_First_Baptist_Church_of_Rivas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1314" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption> Wedding ceremony at First Baptist Church of <a href="/wiki/Rivas,_Nicaragua" title="Rivas, Nicaragua">Rivas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Convention_of_Nicaragua" title="Baptist Convention of Nicaragua">Baptist Convention of Nicaragua</a>, 2011.</figcaption></figure> In matters of <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">sexuality</a>, there is a wide variety of thought among evangelicals and evangelical churches, but they tend to be conservative and prescriptive in general.<a href="#cite_note-u388-119">[119]</a> Many evangelical churches promote the <a href="/wiki/Virginity_pledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginity pledge">virginity pledge</a> (abstinence pledge) among young evangelical Christians, who are invited to commit themselves, during a public ceremony, to <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">sexual abstinence</a> until <a href="/wiki/Christian_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian marriage">Christian marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> This pledge is often symbolized by a <a href="/wiki/Purity_ring" title="Purity ring">purity ring</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In some evangelical churches, young adults and unmarried couples are encouraged to marry early in order to live a sexuality according to the will of God.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> A 2009 American study of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy reported that 80 percent of young, unmarried evangelicals have had sex and that 42 percent were in a relationship with sex, when surveyed.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The majority of evangelical Christian churches are against <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> and support adoption agencies and social support agencies for young mothers.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a> is seen as forbidden by some evangelical pastors because of the sexual thoughts that may accompany it.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> However, evangelical pastors have pointed out that the practice has been erroneously associated with <a href="/wiki/Onan" title="Onan">Onan</a> by scholars, that it is not a sin if it is not practiced with fantasies or compulsively, and that it was useful in a married couple, if his or her partner did not have the same frequency of sexual needs.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Some evangelical churches speak only of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">sexual abstinence</a> and do not speak of sexuality in marriage.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Other evangelical churches in the United States and Switzerland speak of satisfying <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">sexuality</a> as a gift from God and a component of a Christian marriage harmonious, in messages during <a href="/wiki/Worship_service_(evangelicalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worship service (evangelicalism)">worship services</a> or conferences.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Many evangelical books and websites are specialized on the subject.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The book <a href="/wiki/The_Act_of_Marriage:_The_Beauty_of_Sexual_Love" class="mw-redirect" title="The Act of Marriage: The Beauty of Sexual Love">The Act of Marriage: The Beauty of Sexual Love</a> published in 1976 by Baptist pastor <a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">Tim LaHaye</a> and his wife Beverly LaHaye was a pioneer in the field.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality#Evangelical_churches" title="Christianity and homosexuality">perceptions of homosexuality in the Evangelical Churches</a> are varied. They range from <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal</a> to <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">fundamentalist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Moderate_evangelical_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderate evangelical theology">moderate</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> and neutral.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> A 2011 Pew Research Center study found that 84 percent of evangelical leaders surveyed believed homosexuality should be discouraged.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> It is in the fundamentalist <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> positions that there are <a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBT_rhetoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-LGBT rhetoric">antigay activists</a> on TV or radio who claim that homosexuality is the cause of many social problems, such as terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Some churches have a conservative moderate position.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Although they do not approve homosexual practices, they claim to show sympathy and respect for homosexuals.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Some evangelical denominations have adopted neutral positions, leaving the choice to local churches to decide for <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> There are some international evangelical denominations that are <a href="/wiki/Gay-friendly" title="Gay-friendly">gay-friendly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian marriage">Christian marriage</a> is presented by some churches as a protection against sexual misconduct and a compulsory step to obtain a position of responsibility in the church.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> This concept, however, has been challenged by numerous sex scandals involving married evangelical leaders.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Finally, evangelical theologians recalled that <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a> should be more valued in the Church today, since the gift of celibacy was taught and lived by <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul of Tarsus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_views">Other views</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other views">edit</a>]</div> For a majority of evangelical Christians, a belief in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">biblical inerrancy</a> ensures that the <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracles</a> described in the Bible are still relevant and may be present in the life of the believer.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Healings, academic or professional successes, the birth of a child after several attempts, the end of an <a href="/wiki/Addiction" title="Addiction">addiction</a>, etc., would be tangible examples of God's intervention with the <a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Christianity" title="Faith in Christianity">faith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">prayer</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> In the 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">neo-charismatic movement</a> re-emphasized miracles and <a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">faith healing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In certain churches, a special place is thus reserved for faith healings with <a href="/wiki/Laying_on_of_hands" title="Laying on of hands">laying on of hands</a> during worship services or for evangelization campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Faith healing or divine healing is considered to be an inheritance of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> acquired by his death and resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> This view is typically ascribed to Pentecostal denominations, and not others that are cessationist (believing that miraculous gifts have ceased.) <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ark-encounter-2514667_960_720.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ark-encounter-2514667_960_720.jpg/220px-Ark-encounter-2514667_960_720.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ark-encounter-2514667_960_720.jpg/330px-Ark-encounter-2514667_960_720.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ark-encounter-2514667_960_720.jpg/440px-Ark-encounter-2514667_960_720.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5613" data-file-height="3073" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ark_Encounter" title="Ark Encounter">Ark Encounter</a> in <a href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Kentucky" title="Williamstown, Kentucky">Williamstown</a>, Kentucky, United States.</figcaption></figure> In terms of denominational beliefs regarding <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> and the origin of the earth and human life, some evangelicals support <a href="/wiki/Young_Earth_creationism" title="Young Earth creationism">young Earth creationism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> For example, <a href="/wiki/Answers_in_Genesis" title="Answers in Genesis">Answers in Genesis</a>, founded in Australia in 1986, is an evangelical organization that seeks to defend the thesis.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In 2007, they founded the <a href="/wiki/Creation_Museum" title="Creation Museum">Creation Museum</a> in Petersburg, in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> and in 2016 the <a href="/wiki/Ark_Encounter" title="Ark Encounter">Ark Encounter</a> in <a href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Kentucky" title="Williamstown, Kentucky">Williamstown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Since the end of the 20th century, literalist <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">creationism</a> has been abandoned by some evangelicals in favor of <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">intelligent design</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> For example, the <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Institute" title="Discovery Institute">Discovery Institute</a>, established in 1991 in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, defends this thesis.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Other evangelicals who accept the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus" title="Scientific consensus">scientific consensus</a> on <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Earth" title="Age of Earth">age of Earth</a> believe in <a href="/wiki/Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">theistic evolution</a> or <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_creation" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary creation">evolutionary creation</a>—the notion that God used the process of evolution to create life; a Christian organization that espouses this view is the <a href="/wiki/BioLogos_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="BioLogos Foundation">BioLogos Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diversity">Diversity</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Diversity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auto_de_P%C3%A1scoa_-_IgrejaDaCidade_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Auto_de_P%C3%A1scoa_-_IgrejaDaCidade_%28crop%29.jpg/220px-Auto_de_P%C3%A1scoa_-_IgrejaDaCidade_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Auto_de_P%C3%A1scoa_-_IgrejaDaCidade_%28crop%29.jpg/330px-Auto_de_P%C3%A1scoa_-_IgrejaDaCidade_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Auto_de_P%C3%A1scoa_-_IgrejaDaCidade_%28crop%29.jpg/440px-Auto_de_P%C3%A1scoa_-_IgrejaDaCidade_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3509" data-file-height="2233" /></a><figcaption> Show on the life of Jesus at <a href="/wiki/City_Church_(Brazil)" title="City Church (Brazil)">City Church</a>, affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Baptist_Convention" title="Brazilian Baptist Convention">Brazilian Baptist Convention</a>, in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_dos_Campos" title="São José dos Campos">São José dos Campos</a>, Brazil, 2017.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Conservative evangelicalism" redirects here. For the political movement, see <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Christianity" title="Conservative Christianity">Conservative Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">Liberal Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moderate_Christianity" title="Moderate Christianity">Moderate Christianity</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">List of Christian denominations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panel_Discussion_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Panel_Discussion_2.jpg/220px-Panel_Discussion_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Panel_Discussion_2.jpg/330px-Panel_Discussion_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Panel_Discussion_2.jpg/440px-Panel_Discussion_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Together_for_the_Gospel" title="Together for the Gospel">Together for the Gospel</a>, an evangelical pastors' conference held biennially. A panel discussion with (from left to right) <a href="/wiki/Albert_Mohler" title="Albert Mohler">Albert Mohler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ligon_Duncan" title="Ligon Duncan">Ligon Duncan</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._J._Mahaney" title="C. J. Mahaney">C. J. Mahaney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Dever" title="Mark Dever">Mark Dever</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">charismatic Protestant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">nondenominational Protestant</a> traditions have all had strong influence within contemporary evangelicalism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohler2011106–108-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brian_Stiller_2015,_pp._28,_90-10">[10]</a> Some Anabaptist denominations (such as the <a href="/wiki/The_Brethren_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="The Brethren Church">Brethren Church</a>)<a href="#cite_note-NAEdenom-171">[171]</a> are evangelical, and some <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a> self-identify as evangelicals. There are also <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Anglicanism" title="Evangelical Anglicanism">evangelical Anglicans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Friends_Church_International" title="Evangelical Friends Church International">Quakers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Coulter-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hope1997-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In the early 20th century, evangelical influence declined within <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainline Protestantism">mainline Protestantism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Christian fundamentalism</a> developed as a distinct religious movement. Between 1950 and 2000 a mainstream evangelical consensus developed that sought to be more inclusive and more culturally relevant than fundamentalism while maintaining <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Christianity" title="Conservative Christianity">theologically conservative Protestant</a> teaching. According to <a href="/wiki/Brian_Stanley_(historian)" title="Brian Stanley (historian)">Brian Stanley</a>, professor of <a href="/wiki/World_Christianity" title="World Christianity">world Christianity</a>, this new postwar consensus is termed neoevangelicalism, the new evangelicalism, or simply evangelicalism in the United States, while in Great Britain and in other English-speaking countries, it is commonly termed <a href="/wiki/Conservative_evangelicalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conservative evangelicalism in the United Kingdom">conservative evangelicalism</a>. Over the years, less conservative evangelicals have challenged this mainstream consensus to varying degrees. Such movements have been classified by a variety of labels, such as progressive, open, postconservative, and postevangelical.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley201327–28-174">[174]</a> Outside of self-consciously evangelical denominations, there is a broader "evangelical streak" in mainline Protestantism.<a href="#cite_note-religion.info-50">[50]</a> Mainline Protestant churches predominantly have a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal theology</a> while evangelical churches predominantly have a <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">fundamentalist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Moderate_Christianity" title="Moderate Christianity">moderate</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> theology.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Some commentators have complained that Evangelicalism as a movement is too broad and its definition too vague to be of any practical value. Theologian Donald Dayton has called for a "moratorium" on use of the term.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDayton1991251-7">[7]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/D._G._Hart" title="D. G. Hart">D. G. Hart</a> has also argued that "evangelicalism needs to be relinquished as a religious identity because it does not exist".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweeney200523-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_fundamentalism">Christian fundamentalism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Christian fundamentalism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Christian fundamentalism</a></div> Christian fundamentalism has been called a subset<a href="#cite_note-waldman-2004-179">[179]</a> or "subspecies"<a href="#cite_note-Marsden-Svelmoe-180">[180]</a> of Evangelicalism. Fundamentalism<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> regards biblical inerrancy, the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">virgin birth of Jesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penal_substitution" title="Penal substitution">penal substitutionary</a> atonement, the literal <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection of Christ">resurrection of Christ</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">Second Coming of Christ</a> as fundamental Christian doctrines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauder201130–32-182">[182]</a> Fundamentalism arose among evangelicals in the 1920s—primarily as an American phenomenon, but with counterparts in Britain and British Empire<a href="#cite_note-Marsden-Svelmoe-180">[180]</a>—to combat modernist or <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal theology</a> in mainline Protestant churches. Failing to reform the mainline churches, fundamentalists separated from them and established their own churches, refusing to participate in <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">ecumenical</a> organizations (such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches" title="National Council of Churches">National Council of Churches</a>, founded in 1950), and making <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_separatism" title="Ecclesiastical separatism">separatism</a> (rigid separation from nonfundamentalist churches and their <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>) a true test of faith. Most fundamentalists are Baptists and <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispensationalist">dispensationalist</a> <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden19913–4-183">[183]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pentecostals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostals">Pentecostals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Evangelicalism#Pentecostals_=_Fundamentalists?" title="Talk:Evangelicalism">discuss</a>] Great emphasis is placed on the <a href="/wiki/Literal_interpretation" class="mw-redirect" title="Literal interpretation">literal interpretation</a> of the Bible as the primary method of Bible study as well as the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">biblical inerrancy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">infallibility</a> of their <a href="/wiki/Biblical_hermeneutics" title="Biblical hermeneutics">interpretation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mainstream_varieties">Mainstream varieties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mainstream varieties">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg/170px-Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg/255px-Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg/340px-Book_of_Common_Prayer_1760.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="3116" /></a><figcaption>The Prayer Book of 1662 included the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Thirty-Nine Articles</a> emphasized by <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Anglican">evangelical Anglicans</a>.</figcaption></figure> Mainstream evangelicalism is historically divided between two main orientations: <a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(religion)" title="Confessionalism (religion)">confessionalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_revival" title="Christian revival">revivalism</a>. These two streams have been critical of each other. Confessional evangelicals have been suspicious of unguarded <a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">religious experience</a>, while revivalist evangelicals have been critical of overly intellectual teaching that (they suspect) stifles vibrant <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spirituality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson2011241–242-186">[186]</a> In an effort to broaden their appeal, many contemporary evangelical congregations intentionally avoid identifying with any single form of evangelicalism. These "generic evangelicals" are usually theologically and socially conservative, but their churches often present themselves as nondenominational (or, if a denominational member, strongly deemphasize its ties to such, such as a church name which excludes the denominational name) within the broader evangelical movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReimer200329-187">[187]</a> In the words of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Mohler" title="Albert Mohler">Albert Mohler</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Theological_Seminary" title="Southern Baptist Theological Seminary">Southern Baptist Theological Seminary</a>, confessional evangelicalism refers to "that movement of Christian believers who seek a constant convictional continuity with the theological formulas of the Protestant Reformation". While approving of the evangelical distinctions proposed by Bebbington, confessional evangelicals believe that authentic evangelicalism requires more concrete definition in order to protect the movement from theological liberalism and from <a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_Christianity" title="Heresy in Christianity">heresy</a>. According to confessional evangelicals, <a href="/wiki/Confessional_subscription" title="Confessional subscription">subscription</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_creeds" title="Ecumenical creeds">ecumenical creeds</a> and to the Reformation-era confessions of faith (such as the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_confessions_of_faith" title="Reformed confessions of faith">confessions of the Reformed churches</a>) provides such protection.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohler2011103–104-188">[188]</a> Confessional evangelicals are represented by conservative <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> churches (emphasizing the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Confession">Westminster Confession</a>), certain Baptist churches that emphasize historic Baptist confessions such as the <a href="/wiki/1689_Baptist_Confession_of_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="1689 Baptist Confession of Faith">Second London Confession</a>, evangelical Anglicans who emphasize the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Thirty-Nine Articles</a> (such as in the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Sydney" title="Anglican Diocese of Sydney">Anglican Diocese of Sydney</a>, Australia<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley201358-189">[189]</a>), <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> churches that adhere to the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Religion_(Methodist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Articles of Religion (Methodist)">Articles of Religion</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Confessional Lutherans">confessional Lutherans</a> with pietistic convictions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllingsen1991222,_238-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coulter-172">[172]</a> The emphasis on historic Protestant orthodoxy among confessional evangelicals stands in direct contrast to an anticreedal outlook that has exerted its own influence on evangelicalism, particularly among churches strongly affected by revivalism and by <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">pietism</a>. Revivalist evangelicals are represented by some quarters of <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holiness_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Holiness Movement">Wesleyan Holiness</a> churches, the Pentecostal and <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">charismatic</a> churches, some Anabaptist churches, and some Baptists and Presbyterians.<a href="#cite_note-Coulter-172">[172]</a> Revivalist evangelicals tend to place greater emphasis on religious experience than their confessional counterparts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson2011241–242-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progressive_evangelicals">Progressive evangelicals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Progressive evangelicals">edit</a>]</div> Evangelicals dissatisfied with the movement's fundamentalism mainstream have been variously described as progressive evangelicals, postconservative evangelicals, <a href="/wiki/Open_evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Open evangelical">open evangelicals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-evangelicalism" title="Post-evangelicalism">postevangelicals</a>. Progressive evangelicals, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">evangelical left</a>, share theological or social views with other <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">progressive Christians</a> while also identifying with evangelicalism. Progressive evangelicals commonly advocate for women's equality, <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden199175-191">[191]</a> As described by Baptist theologian <a href="/wiki/Roger_E._Olson" title="Roger E. Olson">Roger E. Olson</a>, postconservative evangelicalism is a theological school of thought that adheres to the four marks of evangelicalism, while being less rigid and more inclusive of other Christians.<a href="#cite_note-OlsonCentury-192">[192]</a> According to Olson, postconservatives believe that doctrinal truth is secondary to spiritual experience shaped by <a href="/wiki/Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripture">Scripture</a>. Postconservative evangelicals seek greater dialogue with other Christian traditions and support the development of a multicultural evangelical theology that incorporates the voices of women, racial minorities, and Christians in the developing world. Some postconservative evangelicals also support <a href="/wiki/Open_theism" title="Open theism">open theism</a> and the possibility of near <a href="/wiki/Universal_salvation" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal salvation">universal salvation</a>. The term "open evangelical" refers to a particular Christian school of thought or <a href="/wiki/Churchmanship" title="Churchmanship">churchmanship</a>, primarily in Great Britain (especially in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERandall200552-193">[193]</a> Open evangelicals describe their position as combining a traditional evangelical emphasis on the nature of scriptural authority, the teaching of the ecumenical creeds and other traditional doctrinal teachings, with an approach towards culture and other <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> points-of-view which tends to be more inclusive than that taken by other evangelicals. Some open evangelicals aim to take a middle position between conservative and charismatic evangelicals, while others would combine conservative theological emphases with more liberal social positions. British author Dave Tomlinson coined the phrase postevangelical to describe a movement comprising various trends of dissatisfaction among evangelicals. Others use the term with comparable intent, often to distinguish evangelicals in the <a href="/wiki/Emerging_church_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerging church movement">emerging church movement</a> from postevangelicals and antievangelicals. Tomlinson argues that "linguistically, the distinction [between evangelical and postevangelical] resembles the one that sociologists make between the <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodern</a> eras".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson200728-194">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> Evangelicalism emerged in the 18th century,<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> first in Britain and its North American colonies. Nevertheless, there were earlier developments within the larger Protestant world that preceded and influenced the later evangelical revivals. According to religion scholar <a href="/wiki/Randall_Balmer" title="Randall Balmer">Randall Balmer</a>, Evangelicalism resulted "from the confluence of <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a>, Presbyterianism, and the vestiges of Puritanism. Evangelicalism picked up the peculiar characteristics from each strain – warmhearted spirituality from the Pietists (for instance), doctrinal precisionism from the Presbyterians, and individualistic introspection from the Puritans".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer2002vii–viii-196">[196]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Mark_Noll" title="Mark Noll">Mark Noll</a> adds to this list <a href="/wiki/High_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="High Church">High Church</a> Anglicanism, which contributed to Evangelicalism a legacy of "rigorous spirituality and innovative organization."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200450-197">[197]</a> Historian Rick Kennedy has identified <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> Puritan clergyman <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Mather" title="Cotton Mather">Cotton Mather</a> as the "first American Evangelical".<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> During the 17th century, Pietism emerged in Europe as a movement for the revival of <a href="/wiki/Piety" title="Piety">piety</a> and devotion within the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran church</a>. As a protest against "cold orthodoxy" or against an overly formal and rational Christianity, Pietists advocated for an experiential religion that stressed high moral standards both for clergy and for lay people. The movement included both Christians who remained in the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical">liturgical</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_church" class="mw-redirect" title="State church">state churches</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Separatism#Religious_separatism" title="Separatism">separatist</a> groups who rejected the use of baptismal fonts, altars, pulpits, and confessionals. As <a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a> spread, the movement's ideals and aspirations influenced and were absorbed by evangelicals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer2002542–543-199">[199]</a> When <a href="/wiki/George_Fox" title="George Fox">George Fox</a>, who is considered the founder of <a href="/wiki/Quakerism" class="mw-redirect" title="Quakerism">Quakerism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> was eleven, he wrote that God spoke to him about "keeping pure and being faithful to God and man."<a href="#cite_note-CYMF2018-13">[13]</a> After being troubled when his friends asked him to drink alcohol with them at the age of nineteen, Fox spent the night in prayer and soon afterwards he left his home in a four year search for spiritual satisfaction.<a href="#cite_note-CYMF2018-13">[13]</a> In his Journal, at age 23, he believed that he "found through faith in Jesus Christ the full assurance of salvation."<a href="#cite_note-CYMF2018-13">[13]</a> Fox began to spread his message and his emphasis on "<a href="/wiki/Born_again#Quakerism" title="Born again">the necessity of an inward transformation of heart</a>", as well as the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Christian_perfection" title="Christian perfection">Christian perfection</a>, drew opposition from English clergy and laity.<a href="#cite_note-CYMF2018-13">[13]</a> In the mid-1600s, many people became attracted to Fox's preaching and his followers became known as the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Religious Society of Friends</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CYMF2018-13">[13]</a> By 1660, the Quakers grew to 35,000, and while the two movements are distinct and have important differences like the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Inward_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Inward Light">Inward Light</a>, they are considered by some to be among the first in the evangelical Christian movement.<a href="#cite_note-Hope1997-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-CYMF2018-13">[13]</a> The Presbyterian heritage not only gave Evangelicalism a commitment to Protestant orthodoxy but also contributed a revival tradition that stretched back to the 1620s in Scotland and Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongfield20137-201">[201]</a> Central to this tradition was the <a href="/wiki/Communion_season" title="Communion season">communion season</a>, which normally occurred in the summer months. For Presbyterians, celebrations of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a> were infrequent but popular events preceded by several Sundays of preparatory preaching and accompanied with preaching, singing, and prayers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200444,_112-202">[202]</a> Puritanism combined <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> with a doctrine that conversion was a prerequisite for church membership and with an emphasis on the study of Scripture by lay people. It took root in the colonies of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational church</a> became an established religion. There the <a href="/wiki/Half-Way_Covenant" title="Half-Way Covenant">Half-Way Covenant</a> of 1662 allowed parents who had not testified to a conversion experience to have their children baptized, while reserving Holy Communion for converted church members alone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200454–55-203">[203]</a> By the 18th century Puritanism was in decline and many <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">ministers</a> expressed alarm at the loss of religious piety. This concern over declining religious commitment led many[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">quantify</a>] people to support evangelical revival.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200446–47-204">[204]</a> High-Church Anglicanism also exerted influence on early Evangelicalism. High Churchmen were distinguished by their desire to adhere to <a href="/wiki/Christian_primitivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian primitivism">primitive Christianity</a>. This desire included imitating the faith and ascetic practices of early Christians as well as regularly partaking of Holy Communion. High Churchmen were also enthusiastic organizers of voluntary religious societies. Two of the most prominent were the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Promoting_Christian_Knowledge" title="Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge">Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge</a> (founded in London in 1698), which distributed Bibles and other literature and built schools, and the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Propagation_of_the_Gospel_in_Foreign_Parts" class="mw-redirect" title="Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts">Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts</a>, which was founded in England in 1701 to facilitate missionary work in British colonies (especially among colonists in North America). <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wesley_(poet,_died_1735)" title="Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)">Samuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susanna_Wesley" title="Susanna Wesley">Susanna Wesley</a>, the parents of <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a> (born 1703 and 1707 respectively), were both devoted advocates of High-Church ideas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200466–67-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 18th century">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Faithful_Narrative_of_the_Surprizing_Work_of_God_by_Jonathan_Edwards_1737.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/A_Faithful_Narrative_of_the_Surprizing_Work_of_God_by_Jonathan_Edwards_1737.jpg/180px-A_Faithful_Narrative_of_the_Surprizing_Work_of_God_by_Jonathan_Edwards_1737.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/A_Faithful_Narrative_of_the_Surprizing_Work_of_God_by_Jonathan_Edwards_1737.jpg/270px-A_Faithful_Narrative_of_the_Surprizing_Work_of_God_by_Jonathan_Edwards_1737.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/A_Faithful_Narrative_of_the_Surprizing_Work_of_God_by_Jonathan_Edwards_1737.jpg/360px-A_Faithful_Narrative_of_the_Surprizing_Work_of_God_by_Jonathan_Edwards_1737.jpg 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Jonathan Edwards' account of the revival in Northampton was published in 1737 as <a href="/wiki/A_Faithful_Narrative_of_the_Surprising_Work_of_God_in_the_Conversion_of_Many_Hundred_Souls_in_Northampton" class="mw-redirect" title="A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God in the Conversion of Many Hundred Souls in Northampton">A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God in the Conversion of Many Hundred Souls in Northampton</a>.</figcaption></figure> In the 1730s, Evangelicalism emerged as a distinct phenomenon out of religious revivals that began in Britain and New England. While religious revivals had occurred within Protestant churches in the past, the evangelical revivals that marked the 18th century were more intense and radical.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200476-207">[207]</a> Evangelical revivalism imbued ordinary men and women with a confidence and enthusiasm for sharing the gospel and converting others outside of the control of established churches, a key discontinuity with the Protestantism of the previous era.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199374-208">[208]</a> It was developments in the doctrine of assurance that differentiated Evangelicalism from what went before. Bebbington says, "The dynamism of the Evangelical movement was possible only because its adherents were assured in their faith."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199342-209">[209]</a> He goes on: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> Whereas the Puritans had held that assurance is rare, late and the fruit of struggle in the experience of believers, the Evangelicals believed it to be general, normally given at conversion and the result of simple acceptance of the gift of God. The consequence of the altered form of the doctrine was a metamorphosis in the nature of popular Protestantism. There was a change in patterns of piety, affecting devotional and practical life in all its departments. The shift, in fact, was responsible for creating in Evangelicalism a new movement and not merely a variation on themes heard since the Reformation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199343-210">[210]</a></blockquote> The first local revival occurred in <a href="/wiki/Northampton,_Massachusetts" title="Northampton, Massachusetts">Northampton, Massachusetts</a>, under the leadership of Congregationalist minister <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a>. In the fall of 1734, Edwards preached a sermon series on "Justification By Faith Alone", and the community's response was extraordinary. Signs of religious commitment among the <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">laity</a> increased, especially among the town's young people. The revival ultimately spread to 25 communities in western Massachusetts and central Connecticut until it began to wane by the spring of 1735.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200476–78-211">[211]</a> Edwards was heavily influenced by Pietism, so much so that one historian has stressed his "American Pietism".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELovelace2007-212">[212]</a> One practice clearly copied from European Pietists was the use of small groups divided by age and gender, which met in private homes to conserve and promote the fruits of revival.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200477-213">[213]</a> At the same time, students at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (at that time Yale College) in New Haven, Connecticut, were also experiencing revival. Among them was <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr_Sr." title="Aaron Burr Sr.">Aaron Burr Sr.</a>, who would become a prominent Presbyterian minister and future president of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. In New Jersey, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Tennent" title="Gilbert Tennent">Gilbert Tennent</a>, another Presbyterian minister, was preaching the evangelical message and urging the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="Presbyterian Church in the United States of America">Presbyterian Church</a> to stress the necessity of converted ministers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200481–82-214">[214]</a> The spring of 1735 also marked important events in England and Wales. <a href="/wiki/Howell_Harris" title="Howell Harris">Howell Harris</a>, a Welsh schoolteacher, had a conversion experience on May 25 during a communion service. He described receiving assurance of God's <a href="/wiki/Grace_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grace (Christianity)">grace</a> after a period of <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a>, self-examination, and despair over his sins.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200479-215">[215]</a> Sometime later, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rowland_(preacher)" title="Daniel Rowland (preacher)">Daniel Rowland</a>, the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Curate" title="Curate">curate</a> of Llangeitho, Wales, experienced conversion as well. Both men began preaching the evangelical message to large audiences, becoming leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Methodist_revival" title="Welsh Methodist revival">Welsh Methodist revival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199320-216">[216]</a> At about the same time that Harris experienced conversion in Wales, <a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield" title="George Whitefield">George Whitefield</a> was converted at Oxford University after his own prolonged spiritual crisis. Whitefield later remarked, "About this time God was pleased to enlighten my soul and bring me into the knowledge of His free grace, and the necessity of being justified in His sight by faith only."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200479–80-217">[217]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wesley_preaching_outside_a_church._Engraving._Wellcome_V0006868.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/John_Wesley_preaching_outside_a_church._Engraving._Wellcome_V0006868.jpg/220px-John_Wesley_preaching_outside_a_church._Engraving._Wellcome_V0006868.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/John_Wesley_preaching_outside_a_church._Engraving._Wellcome_V0006868.jpg/330px-John_Wesley_preaching_outside_a_church._Engraving._Wellcome_V0006868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/John_Wesley_preaching_outside_a_church._Engraving._Wellcome_V0006868.jpg/440px-John_Wesley_preaching_outside_a_church._Engraving._Wellcome_V0006868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>When forbidden from preaching from the pulpits of <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> began <a href="/wiki/Open-air_preaching" title="Open-air preaching">open-air preaching</a>.</figcaption></figure> Whitefield's fellow <a href="/wiki/Holy_Club" title="Holy Club">Holy Club</a> member and spiritual mentor, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a>, reported an evangelical conversion in 1738.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199320-216">[216]</a> In the same week, Charles' brother and future founder of Methodism, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> was also converted after a long period of inward struggle. During this spiritual crisis, John Wesley was directly influenced by Pietism. Two years before his conversion, Wesley had traveled to the newly established colony of Georgia as a missionary for the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. He shared his voyage with a group of <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Brethren" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian Brethren">Moravian Brethren</a> led by <a href="/wiki/August_Gottlieb_Spangenberg" title="August Gottlieb Spangenberg">August Gottlieb Spangenberg</a>. The Moravians' faith and piety deeply impressed Wesley, especially their belief that it was a normal part of Christian life to have an assurance of one's salvation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200484-218">[218]</a> Wesley recounted the following exchange with Spangenberg on February 7, 1736: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">[Spangenberg] said, "My brother, I must first ask you one or two questions. Have you the witness within yourself? Does the Spirit of God bear witness with your spirit that you are a child of God?" I was surprised, and knew not what to answer. He observed it, and asked, "Do you know Jesus Christ?" I paused, and said, "I know he is the Savior of the world." "True," he replied, "but do you know he has saved you?" I answered, "I hope he has died to save me." He only added, "Do you know yourself?" I said, "I do." But I fear they were vain words.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200485-219">[219]</a></blockquote> Wesley finally received the assurance he had been searching for at a meeting of a religious society in London. While listening to a reading from Martin Luther's preface to the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a>, Wesley felt spiritually transformed: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">About a quarter before nine, while [the speaker] was describing the change which God works in the heart through faith in Christ, I felt my heart strangely warmed. I felt I did trust in Christ, Christ alone for salvation, and an assurance was given me that he had taken away my sins, even mine, and saved me from the law of sin and death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200497-220">[220]</a></blockquote> Pietism continued to influence Wesley, who had translated 33 Pietist hymns from German to English. Numerous German Pietist hymns became part of the English Evangelical repertoire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShantz2013279–280-221">[221]</a> By 1737, Whitefield had become a national celebrity in England where his preaching drew large crowds, especially in London where the <a href="/wiki/Fetter_Lane_Society" title="Fetter Lane Society">Fetter Lane Society</a> had become a center of evangelical activity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200487,_95-222">[222]</a> Whitfield joined forces with Edwards to "fan the flame of revival" in the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> in 1739–40. Soon the <a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a> stirred Protestants throughout America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199320-216">[216]</a> Evangelical preachers emphasized personal salvation and piety more than ritual and tradition. Pamphlets and printed sermons crisscrossed the Atlantic, encouraging the revivalists.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> The Awakening resulted from powerful preaching that gave listeners a sense of deep personal revelation of their need of salvation by Jesus Christ. Pulling away from ritual and ceremony, the Great Awakening made Christianity intensely personal to the average person by fostering a deep sense of spiritual conviction and redemption, and by encouraging introspection and a commitment to a new standard of personal morality. It reached people who were already church members. It changed their rituals, their piety and their self-awareness. To the evangelical imperatives of Reformation Protestantism, 18th century American Christians added emphases on divine outpourings of the Holy Spirit and conversions that implanted within new believers an intense love for God. Revivals encapsulated those hallmarks and forwarded the newly created Evangelicalism into the early republic.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> By the 1790s, the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Anglicanism" title="Evangelical Anglicanism">Evangelical party</a> in the Church of England remained a small minority but were not without influence. <a href="/wiki/John_Newton" title="John Newton">John Newton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Milner_(priest)" title="Joseph Milner (priest)">Joseph Milner</a> were influential evangelical clerics. Evangelical clergy networked together through societies such as the <a href="/wiki/Eclectic_Society_(Christian)" title="Eclectic Society (Christian)">Eclectic Society</a> in London and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elland_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elland Society (page does not exist)">Elland Society</a> in Yorkshire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe200736-225">[225]</a> The Old <a href="/wiki/English_Dissenters" title="English Dissenters">Dissenter</a> denominations (the <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, Congregationalists and <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>) were falling under evangelical influence, with the Baptists most affected and Quakers the least. Evangelical ministers dissatisfied with both Anglicanism and Methodism often chose to work within these churches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe200738-226">[226]</a> In the 1790s, all of these evangelical groups, including the Anglicans, were Calvinist in orientation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe200739-227">[227]</a> Methodism (the "New Dissent") was the most visible expression of evangelicalism by the end of the 18th century. The <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Methodist_Church_(Great_Britain)" title="Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)">Wesleyan Methodists</a> boasted around 70,000 members throughout the British Isles, in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Calvinistic_Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinistic Methodists">Calvinistic Methodists</a> in Wales and the <a href="/wiki/Countess_of_Huntingdon%27s_Connexion" title="Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion">Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion</a>, which was organized under George Whitefield's influence. The Wesleyan Methodists, however, were still nominally affiliated with the Church of England and would not completely separate until 1795, four years after Wesley's death. The Wesleyan Methodist Church's <a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a> distinguished it from the other evangelical groups.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe200738–39-228">[228]</a> At the same time, evangelicals were an important faction within the Presbyterian <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>. Influential ministers included <a href="/wiki/John_Erskine_(theologian)" title="John Erskine (theologian)">John Erskine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Wellwood_Moncrieff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Wellwood Moncrieff (page does not exist)">Henry Wellwood Moncrieff</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stevenson_Macgill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stevenson Macgill (page does not exist)">Stevenson Macgill</a>. The church's <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">General Assembly</a>, however, was controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Moderate_Party_(Scotland)" title="Moderate Party (Scotland)">Moderate Party</a>, and evangelicals were involved in the <a href="/wiki/First_Secession" title="First Secession">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Secession" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Secession">Second Secessions</a> from the national church during the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe200737-229">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> The start of the 19th century saw an increase in <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> work and many of the major missionary societies were founded around this time (see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christian_missions" title="Timeline of Christian missions">Timeline of Christian missions</a>). Both the Evangelical and <a href="/wiki/High_church" title="High church">high church</a> movements sponsored missionaries. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a> (which actually began in 1790) was primarily an American revivalist movement and resulted in substantial growth of the Methodist and Baptist churches. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grandison_Finney" title="Charles Grandison Finney">Charles Grandison Finney</a> was an important preacher of this period. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilberforce_john_rising.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Wilberforce_john_rising.jpg/180px-Wilberforce_john_rising.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Wilberforce_john_rising.jpg/270px-Wilberforce_john_rising.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Wilberforce_john_rising.jpg/360px-Wilberforce_john_rising.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a> was a politician, philanthropist and an evangelical Anglican, who led the British movement to <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Abolitionism in the United Kingdom">abolish the slave trade</a>.</figcaption></figure> In Britain in addition to stressing the traditional Wesleyan combination of "Bible, cross, conversion, and activism", the revivalist movement sought a universal appeal, hoping to include rich and poor, urban and rural, and men and women. Special efforts were made to attract children and to generate literature to spread the revivalist message.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> "Christian conscience" was used by the British Evangelical movement to promote social activism. Evangelicals believed activism in government and the social sphere was an essential method in reaching the goal of eliminating sin in a world drenched in wickedness.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> The Evangelicals in the <a href="/wiki/Clapham_Sect" title="Clapham Sect">Clapham Sect</a> included figures such as <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a> who successfully campaigned for the abolition of slavery. In the late 19th century, the revivalist <a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Wesleyan-Holiness movement</a> based on <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>'s doctrine of "<a href="/wiki/Entire_sanctification" class="mw-redirect" title="Entire sanctification">entire sanctification</a>" came to the forefront, and while many adherents remained within mainline Methodism, others established new denominations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Methodist_Church_(United_States)" title="Wesleyan Methodist Church (United States)">Wesleyan Methodist Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Winn-232">[232]</a> In urban Britain the Holiness message was less exclusive and censorious.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> <a href="/wiki/Keswickianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Keswickianism">Keswickianism</a> taught the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Second_work_of_grace" title="Second work of grace">second blessing</a> in non-Methodist circles and came to influence evangelicals of the Calvinistic (Reformed) tradition, leading to the establishment of denominations such as the <a href="/wiki/Christian_and_Missionary_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian and Missionary Alliance">Christian and Missionary Alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sawyer2004-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_Darby" title="John Nelson Darby">John Nelson Darby</a> of the Plymouth Brethren was a 19th-century Irish Anglican minister who devised modern <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensationalism</a>, an innovative Protestant theological interpretation of the Bible that was incorporated in the development of modern Evangelicalism. <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Scofield" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Scofield">Cyrus Scofield</a> further promoted the influence of dispensationalism through the explanatory notes to his <a href="/wiki/Scofield_Reference_Bible" title="Scofield Reference Bible">Scofield Reference Bible</a>. According to scholar Mark S. Sweetnam, who takes a cultural studies perspective, dispensationalism can be defined in terms of its Evangelicalism, its insistence on the literal interpretation of Scripture, its recognition of stages in God's dealings with humanity, its expectation of the imminent return of Christ to rapture His saints, and its focus on both apocalypticism and <a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">premillennialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> During the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Megachurch" title="Megachurch">megachurches</a>, churches with more than 2,000 people, began to develop.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> The first evangelical megachurch, the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Tabernacle" title="Metropolitan Tabernacle">Metropolitan Tabernacle</a> with a 6000-seat auditorium, was inaugurated in 1861 in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Spurgeon" title="Charles Spurgeon">Charles Spurgeon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_L._Moody" title="Dwight L. Moody">Dwight L. Moody</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Street_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Street Church">Illinois Street Church</a> in Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> An advanced theological perspective came from the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_theology" title="Princeton theology">Princeton theologians</a> from the 1850s to the 1920s, such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hodge" title="Charles Hodge">Charles Hodge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Alexander" title="Archibald Alexander">Archibald Alexander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Breckinridge_Warfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield">B.B. Warfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> After 1910 the <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalist movement</a> dominated Evangelicalism in the early part of the 20th century; the Fundamentalists rejected liberal theology and emphasized the inerrancy of the Scriptures. Following the <a href="/wiki/1904%E2%80%931905_Welsh_revival" title="1904–1905 Welsh revival">1904–1905 Welsh revival</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a> in 1906 began the spread of <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a> in North America. The 20th century also marked by the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Televangelism" title="Televangelism">televangelism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson" title="Aimee Semple McPherson">Aimee Semple McPherson</a>, who founded the megachurch <a href="/wiki/Angelus_Temple" title="Angelus Temple">Angelus Temple</a> in Los Angeles, used radio in the 1920s to reach a wider audience.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> After the Scopes trial in 1925, Christian Century wrote of "Vanishing Fundamentalism".<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> In 1929 Princeton University, once the bastion of conservative theology, added several modernists to its faculty, resulting in the departure of <a href="/wiki/J._Gresham_Machen" title="J. Gresham Machen">J. Gresham Machen</a> and a split in the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="Presbyterian Church in the United States of America">Presbyterian Church in the United States of America</a>. Evangelicalism began to reassert itself in the second half of the 1930s. One factor was the advent of the radio as a means of mass communication. When [<a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Fuller_(Baptist_minister)" title="Charles E. Fuller (Baptist minister)">Charles E. Fuller</a>] began his "Old Fashioned Revival Hour" on October 3, 1937, he sought to avoid the contentious issues that had caused fundamentalists to be characterized as narrow.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> One hundred forty-seven representatives from thirty-four denominations met from April 7 through 9, 1942, in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, Missouri, for a "National Conference for United Action among Evangelicals." The next year six hundred representatives in Chicago established the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Evangelicals" title="National Association of Evangelicals">National Association of Evangelicals</a> (NAE) with <a href="/wiki/Harold_Ockenga" title="Harold Ockenga">Harold Ockenga</a> as its first president. The NAE was partly a reaction to the founding of the <a href="/wiki/American_Council_of_Christian_Churches" title="American Council of Christian Churches">American Council of Christian Churches</a> (ACCC) under the leadership of the fundamentalist <a href="/wiki/Carl_McIntire" title="Carl McIntire">Carl McIntire</a>. The ACCC in turn had been founded to counter the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_of_Churches" title="Federal Council of Churches">Federal Council of Churches</a> (later merged into the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches" title="National Council of Churches">National Council of Churches</a>), which fundamentalists saw as increasingly embracing modernism in its <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">ecumenism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenter1999141–150-245">[245]</a> Those who established the NAE had come to view the name fundamentalist as "an embarrassment instead of a badge of honor."<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> Evangelical revivalist radio preachers organized themselves in the <a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Broadcasters" title="National Religious Broadcasters">National Religious Broadcasters</a> in 1944 in order to regulate their activity.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> With the founding of the NAE, American Protestantism was divided into three large groups—the fundamentalists, the modernists, and the new evangelicals, who sought to position themselves between the other two. In 1947 Harold Ockenga coined the term neo-evangelicalism to identify a movement distinct from fundamentalism. The neo-evangelicals had three broad characteristics that distinguished them from the conservative fundamentalism of the ACCC: <div><ol><li>They encouraged engagement in social concerns;</li><li>They promoted high standards of academic scholarship; and</li><li>They rejected the ecclesiastical separatism promoted by McIntire,<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> often pursuing collaboration with others through parachurch organizations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenter1999240-249">[249]</a></li></ol></div> Each of these characteristics took concrete shape by the mid-1950s. In 1947 <a href="/wiki/Carl_F._H._Henry" title="Carl F. H. Henry">Carl F. H. Henry</a>'s book The Uneasy Conscience of Fundamentalism called on evangelicals to engage in addressing social concerns: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">[I]t remains true that the evangelical, in the very proportion that the culture in which he lives is not actually Christian, must unite with non-evangelicals for social betterment if it is to be achieved at all, simply because the evangelical forces do not predominate. To say that evangelicalism should not voice its convictions in a non-evangelical environment is simply to rob evangelicalism of its missionary vision.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a></blockquote> In the same year <a href="/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary" title="Fuller Theological Seminary">Fuller Theological Seminary</a> was established with Ockenga as its president and Henry as the head of its theology department. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0798-29,_D%C3%BCsseldorf,_Veranstaltung_mit_Billy_Graham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0798-29%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Veranstaltung_mit_Billy_Graham.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0798-29%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Veranstaltung_mit_Billy_Graham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0798-29%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Veranstaltung_mit_Billy_Graham.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0798-29%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Veranstaltung_mit_Billy_Graham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0798-29%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Veranstaltung_mit_Billy_Graham.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_194-0798-29%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_Veranstaltung_mit_Billy_Graham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>The evangelical revivalist <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a>, Germany, 1954.</figcaption></figure> The strongest impetus, however, was the development of the work of <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a>. In 1951, with producer Dick Ross, he founded the film production company <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Pictures" title="World Wide Pictures">World Wide Pictures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Graham had begun his career with the support of McIntire and fellow conservatives <a href="/wiki/Bob_Jones_Sr." title="Bob Jones Sr.">Bob Jones Sr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_R._Rice_(pastor)" title="John R. Rice (pastor)">John R. Rice</a>. However, in broadening the reach of his London crusade of 1954, he accepted the support of denominations that those men disapproved of. When he went even further in his 1957 New York crusade, conservatives strongly condemned him and withdrew their support.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden1987159–160-253">[253]</a> According to William Martin: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The New York crusade did not cause the division between the old Fundamentalists and the New Evangelicals; that had been signaled by the nearly simultaneous founding of the NAE and McIntire's American Council of Christian Churches 15 years earlier. But it did provide an event around which the two groups were forced to define themselves.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a></blockquote> A fourth development—the founding of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a> (CT) with Henry as its first editor—was strategic in giving neo-evangelicals a platform to promote their views and in positioning them between the fundamentalists and modernists. In a letter to Harold Lindsell, Graham said that CT would: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">plant the evangelical flag in the middle of the road, taking a conservative theological position but a definite liberal approach to social problems. It would combine the best in liberalism and the best in fundamentalism without compromising theologically.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a></blockquote> The postwar period also saw growth of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical movement">ecumenical movement</a> and the founding of the <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a>, which the Evangelical community generally regarded with suspicion.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> In the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/John_Stott" title="John Stott">John Stott</a> (1921–2011) and <a href="/wiki/Martyn_Lloyd-Jones" title="Martyn Lloyd-Jones">Martyn Lloyd-Jones</a> (1899–1981) emerged as key leaders in Evangelical Christianity. The charismatic movement began in the 1960s and resulted in the introduction of Pentecostal theology and practice into many mainline denominations. New charismatic groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vineyard_Churches" title="Association of Vineyard Churches">Association of Vineyard Churches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newfrontiers" title="Newfrontiers">Newfrontiers</a> trace their roots to this period (see also <a href="/wiki/British_New_Church_Movement" title="British New Church Movement">British New Church Movement</a>). The closing years of the 20th century saw controversial <a href="/wiki/Postmodern" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodern">postmodern</a> influences entering some parts of Evangelicalism, particularly with the <a href="/wiki/Emerging_church" title="Emerging church">emerging church</a> movement. Also controversial is the relationship between spiritualism and contemporary military metaphors and practices animating many branches of Christianity but especially relevant in the sphere of Evangelicalism. <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_warfare" title="Spiritual warfare">Spiritual warfare</a> is the latest iteration in a long-standing partnership between religious organization and <a href="/wiki/Militarization" title="Militarization">militarization</a>, two spheres that are rarely considered together, although aggressive forms of prayer have long been used to further the aims of expanding Evangelical influence. Major moments of increased political militarization have occurred concurrently with the growth of prominence of militaristic imagery in evangelical communities. This paradigmatic language, paired with an increasing reliance on sociological and academic research to bolster militarized sensibility, serves to illustrate the violent ethos that effectively underscores militarized forms of evangelical prayer.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakewood_worship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lakewood_worship.jpg/220px-Lakewood_worship.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lakewood_worship.jpg/330px-Lakewood_worship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lakewood_worship.jpg/440px-Lakewood_worship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_charismatic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical charismatic movement">evangelical charismatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Worship_service_(evangelicalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worship service (evangelicalism)">worship service</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Church" title="Lakewood Church">Lakewood Church</a>, Houston, Texas, in 2013</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> In Nigeria, evangelical <a href="/wiki/Megachurches" class="mw-redirect" title="Megachurches">megachurches</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Redeemed_Christian_Church_of_God" title="Redeemed Christian Church of God">Redeemed Christian Church of God</a> and <a href="/wiki/Living_Faith_Church_Worldwide" title="Living Faith Church Worldwide">Living Faith Church Worldwide</a>, have built autonomous cities with houses, supermarkets, banks, universities, and power plants.<a href="#cite_note-s2-258">[258]</a> Evangelical Christian film production societies were founded, such as <a href="/wiki/Pure_Flix" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Flix">Pure Flix</a> in 2005 and <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Brothers" title="Kendrick Brothers">Kendrick Brothers</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> The growth of evangelical churches continues with the construction of new places of <a href="/wiki/Worship_service_(evangelicalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worship service (evangelicalism)">worship</a> or enlargements in various regions of the world.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_statistics">Global statistics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Global statistics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89glise_Baptiste_le_Rocher_Lom%C3%A9_culte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%C3%89glise_Baptiste_le_Rocher_Lom%C3%A9_culte.jpg/300px-%C3%89glise_Baptiste_le_Rocher_Lom%C3%A9_culte.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%C3%89glise_Baptiste_le_Rocher_Lom%C3%A9_culte.jpg/450px-%C3%89glise_Baptiste_le_Rocher_Lom%C3%A9_culte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%C3%89glise_Baptiste_le_Rocher_Lom%C3%A9_culte.jpg/600px-%C3%89glise_Baptiste_le_Rocher_Lom%C3%A9_culte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="1652" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Worship_service_(evangelicalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worship service (evangelicalism)">Worship service</a> at The Rock Baptist Church of <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Togo_Baptist_Convention" title="Togo Baptist Convention">Togo Baptist Convention</a>.</figcaption></figure> According to a 2011 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Forum">Pew Forum</a> study on global Christianity, 285,480,000 or 13.1 percent of all Christians are Evangelicals.<a href="#cite_note-PewGlobalChristianity67-264">[264]</a>: 17  These figures do not include the Pentecostalism and Charismatic movements. The study states that the category "Evangelicals" should not be considered as a separate category of "Pentecostal and Charismatic" categories, since some believers consider themselves in both movements where their church is affiliated with an Evangelical association.<a href="#cite_note-PewGlobalChristianity67-264">[264]</a>: 18  In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a> is "a network of churches in 129 nations that have each formed an Evangelical alliance and over 100 international organizations joining together to give a world-wide identity, voice, and platform to more than 600 million Evangelical Christians".<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> The Alliance was formed in 1951 by Evangelicals from 21 countries. It has worked to support its members to work together globally. According to <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Fath" title="Sébastien Fath">Sébastien Fath</a> of <a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a>, in 2016, there are 619 million Evangelicals in the world, one in four Christians.<a href="#cite_note-CNRS-16">[16]</a> In 2017, about 630 million, an increase of 11 million, including Pentecostals.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Operation World estimates the number of Evangelicals at 545.9 million, which makes for 7.9 percent of the world's population.<a href="#cite_note-ow-268">[268]</a> From 1960 to 2000, the global growth of the number of reported Evangelicals grew three times the world's population rate, and twice that of Islam.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> According to Operation World, the Evangelical population's current annual growth rate is 2.6 percent, still more than twice the world's population growth rate.<a href="#cite_note-ow-268">[268]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> In the 21st century, there are Evangelical churches active in many African countries. They have grown especially since independence came in the 1960s,<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> the strongest movements are based on <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> beliefs. There is a wide range of theology and organizations, including some international movements. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Nigeria">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noah%27s_Ark_Auditorium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Noah%27s_Ark_Auditorium.jpg/220px-Noah%27s_Ark_Auditorium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Noah%27s_Ark_Auditorium.jpg/330px-Noah%27s_Ark_Auditorium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Noah%27s_Ark_Auditorium.jpg/440px-Noah%27s_Ark_Auditorium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>Worship service at Noah's Ark Auditorium, affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Full_Life_Christian_Centre" title="Full Life Christian Centre">Full Life Christian Centre</a>, in 2019, in <a href="/wiki/Uyo" title="Uyo">Uyo</a>, Nigeria</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of West Africa">Evangelical Church Winning All</a> (formerly "Evangelical Church of West Africa") is the largest church organization with five thousand congregations and over ten million members. It sponsors three seminaries and eight Bible colleges, and 1600 missionaries who serve in Nigeria and other countries with the Evangelical Missionary Society (EMS). There have been serious confrontations since 1999 between Muslims and Christians standing in opposition to the expansion of Sharia law in northern Nigeria. The confrontation has radicalized and politicized the Christians. Violence has been escalating.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanger200837–66-271">[271]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethiopia_and_Eritrea">Ethiopia and Eritrea</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ethiopia and Eritrea">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopians" title="Ethiopians">Ethiopian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eritreans" title="Eritreans">Eritrean</a> diaspora, <a href="/wiki/P%27ent%27ay" title="P'ent'ay">P'ent'ay</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a>: ጴንጤ), also known as Ethiopian–Eritrean Evangelicalism, or Wenigēlawī (from <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a>: ወንጌላዊ – which directly translates to "Evangelical") are terms used for Evangelical Christians and other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Eastern/Oriental-oriented Protestant Christians</a> within <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopians" title="Ethiopians">Ethiopian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eritreans" title="Eritreans">Eritrean</a> diaspora abroad.<a href="#cite_note-:1-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-273">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> Prominent movements among them have been <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Full_Gospel_Believers%27_Church" title="Ethiopian Full Gospel Believers' Church">Ethiopian Full Gospel Believers' Church</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a> tradition (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Kale_Heywet_Church" title="Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church">Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Evangelical_Church_Mekane_Yesus" title="Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus">Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Eritrea" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Eritrea">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Eritrea</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonite</a>-<a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a> tradition (<a href="/wiki/Meserete_Kristos_Church" title="Meserete Kristos Church">Meserete Kristos Church</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:6-275">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kenya">Kenya</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Kenya">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, mainstream Evangelical denominations have taken the lead[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Evangelicalism#Dubious" title="Talk:Evangelicalism">discuss</a>] in promoting political activism and backers, with the smaller Evangelical sects of less importance. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Daniel arap Moi</a> was president 1978 to 2002 and claimed to be an Evangelical; he proved intolerant of dissent or pluralism or decentralization of power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanger200866–94-276">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: South Africa">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AFM_Word_And_Life_Boksburg_worship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AFM_Word_And_Life_Boksburg_worship.jpg/260px-AFM_Word_And_Life_Boksburg_worship.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AFM_Word_And_Life_Boksburg_worship.jpg/390px-AFM_Word_And_Life_Boksburg_worship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AFM_Word_And_Life_Boksburg_worship.jpg/520px-AFM_Word_And_Life_Boksburg_worship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption>Worship at the Word and Life Church in <a href="/wiki/Boksburg" title="Boksburg">Boksburg</a>, South Africa</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Missionary_Society" title="Berlin Missionary Society">Berlin Missionary Society</a> (BMS) was one of four German Protestant mission societies active in South Africa before 1914. It emerged from the German tradition of Pietism after 1815 and sent its first missionaries to South Africa in 1834. There were few positive reports in the early years, but it was especially active 1859–1914. It was especially strong in the Boer republics. The World War cut off contact with Germany, but the missions continued at a reduced pace. After 1945 the missionaries had to deal with decolonization across Africa and especially with the apartheid government. At all times the BMS emphasized spiritual inwardness, and values such as morality, hard work and self-discipline. It proved unable to speak and act decisively against injustice and racial discrimination and was disbanded in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malawi">Malawi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Malawi">edit</a>]</div> Since 1974, young professionals have been the active proselytizers of Evangelicalism in the cities of Malawi.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mozambique">Mozambique</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Mozambique">edit</a>]</div> In Mozambique, Evangelical Protestant Christianity emerged around 1900 from black migrants whose converted previously in South Africa. They were assisted by European missionaries, but, as industrial workers, they paid for their own churches and proselytizing. They prepared southern Mozambique for the spread of Evangelical Protestantism. During its time as a colonial power in Mozambique, the Catholic Portuguese government tried to counter the spread of Evangelical Protestantism.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_African_Revival">East African Revival</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: East African Revival">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/East_African_Revival" title="East African Revival">East African Revival</a></div> The East African Revival was a renewal movement within Evangelical churches in East Africa during the late 1920s and 1930s<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> that began at a <a href="/wiki/Church_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Missionary Society">Church Missionary Society</a> mission station in the Belgian territory of <a href="/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi" title="Ruanda-Urundi">Ruanda-Urundi</a> in 1929, and spread to: Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya during the 1930s and 1940s contributing to the significant growth of the church in East Africa through the 1970s and had a visible influence on Western missionaries who were observer-participants of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Latin America">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_influence_of_Evangelicalism_in_Latin_America" title="Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America">Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Culto_en_El_Lugar_de_Su_Presencia,_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Culto_en_El_Lugar_de_Su_Presencia%2C_2019.jpg/220px-Culto_en_El_Lugar_de_Su_Presencia%2C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Culto_en_El_Lugar_de_Su_Presencia%2C_2019.jpg/330px-Culto_en_El_Lugar_de_Su_Presencia%2C_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Culto_en_El_Lugar_de_Su_Presencia%2C_2019.jpg/440px-Culto_en_El_Lugar_de_Su_Presencia%2C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="2236" /></a><figcaption> Worship at <a href="/wiki/El_Lugar_de_Su_Presencia" title="El Lugar de Su Presencia">El Lugar de Su Presencia</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, in Colombia, 2019.</figcaption></figure> In modern Latin America, the term "Evangelical" is often simply a synonym for "<a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>".<a href="#cite_note-LarsenTreier2007-282">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Brazil">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Brazil" title="Protestantism in Brazil">Protestantism in Brazil</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Templo_de_Salom%C3%A3o_-_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Templo_de_Salom%C3%A3o_-_1.JPG/220px-Templo_de_Salom%C3%A3o_-_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Templo_de_Salom%C3%A3o_-_1.JPG/330px-Templo_de_Salom%C3%A3o_-_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Templo_de_Salom%C3%A3o_-_1.JPG/440px-Templo_de_Salom%C3%A3o_-_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Templo_de_Salom%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Templo de Salomão">Temple of Solomon</a> replica built by the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Kingdom_of_God" title="Universal Church of the Kingdom of God">Universal Church of the Kingdom of God</a> in São Paulo.</figcaption></figure> Protestantism in Brazil largely originated with <a href="/wiki/German_Brazilians" title="German Brazilians">German immigrants</a> and British and American missionaries in the 19th century, following up on efforts that began in the 1820s.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> In the late nineteenth century, while the vast majority of Brazilians were nominal Catholics, the nation was underserved by priests, and for large numbers their religion was only nominal.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Catholic Church in Brazil was de-established in 1890, and responded by increasing the number of dioceses and the efficiency of its clergy. Many Protestants came from a large German immigrant community, but they were seldom engaged in proselytism and grew mostly by natural increase. Methodists were active along with Presbyterians and Baptists. The Scottish missionary <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reid_Kalley" title="Robert Reid Kalley">Robert Reid Kalley</a>, with support from the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>, moved to Brazil in 1855, founding the first Evangelical church among the Portuguese-speaking population there in 1856. It was organized according to the Congregational policy as the Igreja Evangélica Fluminense; it became the mother church of Congregationalism in Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist">Seventh-day Adventists</a> arrived in 1894, and the YMCA was organized in 1896. The missionaries promoted schools colleges and seminaries, including a liberal arts college in São Paulo, later known as Mackenzie, and an agricultural school in <a href="/wiki/Lavras" title="Lavras">Lavras</a>. The Presbyterian schools in particular later became the nucleus of the governmental system. In 1887 Protestants in Rio de Janeiro formed a hospital. The missionaries largely reached a working-class audience, as the Brazilian upper-class was wedded either to Catholicism or to secularism. By 1914, Protestant churches founded by American missionaries had 47,000 communicants, served by 282 missionaries. In general, these missionaries were more successful than they had been in Mexico, Argentina or elsewhere in Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> There were 700,000 Protestants by 1930, and increasingly they were in charge of their own affairs. In 1930, the Methodist Church of Brazil became independent of the missionary societies and elected its own bishop. Protestants were largely from a working-class, but their religious networks help speed their upward social mobility.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Culto_Primeira_Igreja_Batista_do_Bairro_Sol_Nascente.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Culto_Primeira_Igreja_Batista_do_Bairro_Sol_Nascente.jpg/220px-Culto_Primeira_Igreja_Batista_do_Bairro_Sol_Nascente.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Culto_Primeira_Igreja_Batista_do_Bairro_Sol_Nascente.jpg/330px-Culto_Primeira_Igreja_Batista_do_Bairro_Sol_Nascente.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Culto_Primeira_Igreja_Batista_do_Bairro_Sol_Nascente.jpg/440px-Culto_Primeira_Igreja_Batista_do_Bairro_Sol_Nascente.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Baptist worship service in Brazil</figcaption></figure> Protestants accounted for fewer than 5 percent of the population until the 1960s but grew exponentially by proselytizing and by 2000 made up over 15 percent of Brazilians affiliated with a church. Pentecostals and charismatic groups account for the vast majority of this expansion. Pentecostal missionaries arrived early in the 20th century. Pentecostal conversions surged during the 1950s and 1960s, when native Brazilians began founding autonomous churches. The most influential included <a href="/wiki/Brazil_for_Christ_Pentecostal_Church" title="Brazil for Christ Pentecostal Church">Brasil Para o Cristo</a> (Brazil for Christ), founded in 1955 by Manoel de Mello. With an emphasis on personal salvation, on God's healing power, and on strict moral codes these groups have developed broad appeal, particularly among the booming urban migrant communities. In Brazil, since the mid-1990s, groups committed to uniting black identity, antiracism, and Evangelical theology have rapidly proliferated.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> Pentecostalism arrived in Brazil with Swedish and American missionaries in 1911. it grew rapidly but endured numerous schisms and splits. In some areas the Evangelical <a href="/wiki/Assembleias_de_Deus" title="Assembleias de Deus">Assemblies of God</a> churches have taken a leadership role in politics since the 1960s. They claimed major credit for the election of <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Collor_de_Mello" title="Fernando Collor de Mello">Fernando Collor de Mello</a> as president of Brazil in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galeria_arquitet%C3%B4nica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Galeria_arquitet%C3%B4nica.jpg/220px-Galeria_arquitet%C3%B4nica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Galeria_arquitet%C3%B4nica.jpg/330px-Galeria_arquitet%C3%B4nica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Galeria_arquitet%C3%B4nica.jpg/440px-Galeria_arquitet%C3%B4nica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Pentecostal worship service in <a href="/wiki/Araras" title="Araras">Araras</a>, Brazil</figcaption></figure> According to the 2000 census, 15.4 percent of the Brazilian population was Protestant. Recent research conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Folha" title="Grupo Folha">Datafolha institute</a> shows that 25 percent of Brazilians are Protestants, of which 19 percent are followers of Pentecostal denominations. The 2010 census found out that 22.2 percent were Protestant at that date. Protestant denominations saw a rapid growth in their number of followers since the last decades of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> They are politically and socially conservative, and emphasize that God's favor translates into business success.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> The rich and the poor remained traditional Catholics, while most Evangelical Protestants were in the new lower-middle class – known as the "C class" (in a A–E classification system).<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> Chesnut argues that Pentecostalism has become "one of the principal organizations of the poor", for these churches provide the sort of social network that teach members the skills they need to thrive in a rapidly developing meritocratic society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChesnut1997104-295">[295]</a> One large Evangelical church that originated from Brazil is the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Kingdom_of_God" title="Universal Church of the Kingdom of God">Universal Church of the Kingdom of God</a> (IURD), a neo‐Pentecostal denomination begun in 1977. It now has a presence in many countries, and claims millions of members worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Guatemala">Guatemala</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Guatemala">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guatemala" title="Religion in Guatemala">Religion in Guatemala</a></div> Protestants remained a small portion of the population until the late-twentieth century, when various Protestant groups experienced a demographic boom that coincided with the increasing violence of the Guatemalan Civil War. Two former Guatemalan heads of state, General <a href="/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn_R%C3%ADos_Montt" title="Efraín Ríos Montt">Efraín Ríos Montt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Serrano_El%C3%ADas" title="Jorge Serrano Elías">Jorge Serrano Elías</a> have been practicing Evangelical Protestants, as is Guatemala's former President, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Morales" title="Jimmy Morales">Jimmy Morales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> General Montt, an Evangelical from the Pentecostal tradition, came to power through a coup. He escalated the war against leftist guerrilla insurgents as a holy war against atheistic "forces of evil".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChesnut1997[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbornagaininbrazi0000chespage145_145]-299">[299]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Asia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revival_crusade_in_Andhra_Pradesh,_India,_Johannes_Maas,_American_evangelist,_speaking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Revival_crusade_in_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_Johannes_Maas%2C_American_evangelist%2C_speaking.jpg/220px-Revival_crusade_in_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_Johannes_Maas%2C_American_evangelist%2C_speaking.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Revival_crusade_in_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_Johannes_Maas%2C_American_evangelist%2C_speaking.jpg/330px-Revival_crusade_in_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_Johannes_Maas%2C_American_evangelist%2C_speaking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Revival_crusade_in_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_Johannes_Maas%2C_American_evangelist%2C_speaking.jpg/440px-Revival_crusade_in_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_India%2C_Johannes_Maas%2C_American_evangelist%2C_speaking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>American pastor Johannes Maas preaching in <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Andhra Pradesh, India">Andhra Pradesh, India</a> in 1974. Spreading the <a href="/wiki/Christian_revival" title="Christian revival">revival</a> is an essential part of work done by evangelical missionaries.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: China">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity in China</a></div> Evangelical Christianity came to China through Protestant missionaries in the 19th century. Starting in 1907, with the Manchurian Revival, evangelicalism grew through native preachers with homegrown traditions.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> Counting the number of Christians in China presents numerous difficulties.<a href="#cite_note-:2-301">[301]</a> French researcher Sebastian Fath has estimated that there are 66 million evangelicals in mainland China as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> Showing the issues in counting, a 2023 survey showed only a total of 18 million Protestant adults.<a href="#cite_note-:2-301">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: South Korea">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Korea" title="Christianity in Korea">Christianity in Korea</a></div> Protestant missionary activity in Asia was most successful in Korea. American Presbyterians and Methodists arrived in the 1880s and were well received. Between 1910 and 1945, when Korea was a Japanese colony, Christianity became in part an expression of nationalism in opposition to Japan's efforts to enforce the Japanese language and the Shinto religion.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> In 1914, out of 16 million people, there were 86,000 Protestants and 79,000 Catholics; by 1934, the numbers were 168,000 and 147,000. Presbyterian missionaries were especially successful.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> Since the Korean War (1950–53), many Korean Christians have migrated to the U.S., while those who remained behind have risen sharply in social and economic status. Most Korean Protestant churches in the 21st century emphasize their Evangelical heritage. Korean Evangelicalism is characterized by theological conservatism[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] coupled with an emotional revivalist[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] style. Most churches sponsor revival meetings once or twice a year. Missionary work is a high priority, with 13,000 men and women serving in missions across the world, putting Korea in second place just behind the US.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:141225%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C_%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%80%EB%8C%80_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B6%95%ED%95%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%97%B066.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/141225%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C_%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%80%EB%8C%80_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B6%95%ED%95%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%97%B066.jpg/220px-141225%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C_%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%80%EB%8C%80_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B6%95%ED%95%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%97%B066.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/141225%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C_%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%80%EB%8C%80_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B6%95%ED%95%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%97%B066.jpg/330px-141225%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C_%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%80%EB%8C%80_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B6%95%ED%95%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%97%B066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/141225%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C_%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%80%EB%8C%80_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B6%95%ED%95%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%97%B066.jpg/440px-141225%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C_%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%80%EB%8C%80_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B6%95%ED%95%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%97%B066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Gwacheon Presbyterian Church in South Korea</figcaption></figure> Sukman argues that since 1945, Protestantism has been widely seen by Koreans as the religion of the middle class, youth, intellectuals, urbanites, and modernists.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-306">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> It has been a powerful force[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Evangelicalism#Dubious" title="Talk:Evangelicalism">discuss</a>] supporting South Korea's pursuit of modernity and emulation[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Evangelicalism#Dubious" title="Talk:Evangelicalism">discuss</a>] of the United States, and opposition to the old Japanese colonialism and to the <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a> of North Korea.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] South Korea has been referred as an "evangelical superpower" for being the home to some of the largest and most dynamic Christian churches in the world; South Korea is also second to the U.S. in the number of missionaries sent abroad.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> According to 2015 South Korean census, 9.7 million or 19.7 percent of the population described themselves as Protestants, many of whom belong to Presbyterian churches shaped by Evangelicalism.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippines">Philippines</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Philippines">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism_in_the_Philippines" title="Evangelicalism in the Philippines">Evangelicalism in the Philippines</a></div> According to the 2010 census, 2.68 percent of Filipinos are Evangelicals. The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Council_of_Evangelical_Churches" title="Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches">Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches</a> (PCEC), an organization of more than seventy Evangelical and Mainline Protestant churches, and more than 210 para-church organizations in the Philippines, counts more than 11 million members as of 2011.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirkkokatu_34_Oulu_20130518.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Kirkkokatu_34_Oulu_20130518.JPG/220px-Kirkkokatu_34_Oulu_20130518.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Kirkkokatu_34_Oulu_20130518.JPG/330px-Kirkkokatu_34_Oulu_20130518.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Kirkkokatu_34_Oulu_20130518.JPG/440px-Kirkkokatu_34_Oulu_20130518.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4481" data-file-height="3104" /></a><figcaption>Evangelical Free Church at Kirkkokatu street in <a href="/wiki/Vanhatulli" title="Vanhatulli">Vanhatulli</a> neighborhood in <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>, Finland.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France">France</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_France" title="Protestantism in France">Protestantism in France</a></div> In 2019, it was reported that Evangelicalism in France was growing, and a new Evangelical church was built every 10 days and now counts 700,000 followers across France.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Great_Britain">Great Britain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Great Britain">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clapham_Sect" title="Clapham Sect">Clapham Sect</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Evangelicalism_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Evangelicalism in Britain">Conservative Evangelicalism in Britain</a></div> John Wesley (1703–1791) was an Anglican cleric and theologian who, with his brother Charles Wesley (1707–1788) and fellow cleric George Whitefield (1714–1770), founded Methodism. After 1791 the movement became independent of the Anglican Church as the "Methodist Connection". It became a force in its own right, especially among the working class.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> The Clapham Sect was a group of Church of England evangelicals and social reformers based in <a href="/wiki/Clapham,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Clapham, London">Clapham</a>, London; they were active 1780s–1840s). <a href="/wiki/John_Newton" title="John Newton">John Newton</a> (1725–1807) was the founder. They are described by the historian Stephen Tomkins as "a network of friends and families in England, with William Wilberforce as its center of gravity, who were powerfully bound together by their shared moral and spiritual values, by their religious mission and social activism, by their love for each other, and by marriage".<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> Evangelicalism was a major force in the Anglican Church from about 1800 to the 1860s. By 1848 when an evangelical <a href="/wiki/John_Bird_Sumner" title="John Bird Sumner">John Bird Sumner</a> became Archbishop of Canterbury, between a quarter and a third of all Anglican clergy were linked to the movement, which by then had diversified greatly in its goals and they were no longer considered an organized faction.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe2007-318">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triumphant_Global_Church_service.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Triumphant_Global_Church_service.jpg/220px-Triumphant_Global_Church_service.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Triumphant_Global_Church_service.jpg/330px-Triumphant_Global_Church_service.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Triumphant_Global_Church_service.jpg/440px-Triumphant_Global_Church_service.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The Church Triumphant Global in <a href="/wiki/Croydon" title="Croydon">Croydon</a>, United Kingdom</figcaption></figure> In the 21st century there are an estimated 2 million Evangelicals in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> According to research performed by the Evangelical Alliance in 2013, 87 percent of UK evangelicals attend Sunday morning church services every week and 63 percent attend weekly or fortnightly small groups.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> An earlier survey conducted in 2012 found that 92 percent of evangelicals agree it is a Christian's duty to help those in poverty and 45 percent attend a church which has a fund or scheme that helps people in immediate need, and 42 percent go to a church that supports or runs a foodbank. 63 percent believe in tithing, and so give around 10 percent of their income to their church, Christian organizations and various charities<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> 83 percent of UK evangelicals believe that the Bible has supreme authority in guiding their beliefs, views and behavior and 52 percent read or listen to the Bible daily.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Alliance" title="Evangelical Alliance">Evangelical Alliance</a>, formed in 1846, was the first ecumenical evangelical body in the world and works to unite evangelicals, helping them listen to, and be heard by, the government, media and society. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Switzerland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Switzerland" title="Protestantism in Switzerland">Protestantism in Switzerland</a></div> Since the 1970s, the number of Evangelicals and Evangelical congregations has grown strongly in Switzerland. Population censuses suggest that these congregations saw the number of their members triple from 1970 to 2000, qualified as a "spectacular development" by specialists.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> Sociologists <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Stolz" title="Jörg Stolz">Jörg Stolz</a> and Olivier Favre show that the growth is due to charismatic and Pentecostal groups, while classical evangelical groups are stable and fundamentalist groups are in decline.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> A quantitative national census on religious congregations reveals the important diversity of evangelicalism in Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglo_America">Anglo America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Anglo America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Evangelicalism in the United States">Evangelicalism in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lancaster_Baptist_Church_Main_Auditorium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Lancaster_Baptist_Church_Main_Auditorium.jpg/220px-Lancaster_Baptist_Church_Main_Auditorium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Lancaster_Baptist_Church_Main_Auditorium.jpg/330px-Lancaster_Baptist_Church_Main_Auditorium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Lancaster_Baptist_Church_Main_Auditorium.jpg/440px-Lancaster_Baptist_Church_Main_Auditorium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4813" data-file-height="3209" /></a><figcaption>Worship service at the Baptist Church in <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_California" title="Lancaster, California">Lancaster, California</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BibleBelt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/BibleBelt.png/220px-BibleBelt.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/BibleBelt.png/330px-BibleBelt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/BibleBelt.png/440px-BibleBelt.png 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>Socially conservative evangelical Protestantism plays a major role in the <a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a>, an area covering almost all of the Southern United States. Evangelicals form a majority in the region.</figcaption></figure> By the late 19th to early 20th century, most American Protestants were Evangelicals. A bitter divide had arisen between the more liberal-modernist mainline denominations and the fundamentalist denominations, the latter typically consisting of Evangelicals. Key issues included the truth of the Bible—literal or figurative, and teaching of evolution in the schools.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> During and after World War II, Evangelicals became increasingly organized. There was a great expansion of Evangelical activity within the United States, "a revival of revivalism". <a href="/wiki/Youth_for_Christ" title="Youth for Christ">Youth for Christ</a> was formed; it later became the base for <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a>'s revivals. The National Association of Evangelicals formed in 1942 as a counterpoise to the mainline Federal Council of Churches. In 1942–43, the Old-Fashioned Revival Hour had a record-setting national radio audience.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenter1999-328">[328]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] With this organization, though, fundamentalist groups separated from Evangelicals. According to a <a href="/wiki/Pew_Forum_on_Religion_and_Public_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life">Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life</a> study, Evangelicals can be broadly divided into three camps: traditionalist, centrist, and modernist.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-329">[329]</a> A 2004 Pew survey identified that while 70.4 percent of Americans call themselves "Christian", Evangelicals only make up 26.3 percent of the population, while Catholics make up 22 percent and mainline Protestants make up 16 percent.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> Among the Christian population in 2020, mainline Protestants began to outnumber Evangelicals.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> Evangelicals have been socially active throughout US history, a tradition dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionist">abolitionist</a> movement of the <a href="/wiki/Antebellum_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Antebellum period">Antebellum period</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">prohibition</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> As a group, evangelicals are most often associated with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a>. However, a large number of <a href="/wiki/Black_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Americans">black</a> self-labeled Evangelicals, and a small proportion of liberal white self-labeled Evangelicals, gravitate towards the <a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heineman-god-conservative-335">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Recurrent themes within American Evangelical discourse include abortion,<a href="#cite_note-Dudley2011-337">[337]</a> <a href="/wiki/Evolution_denial" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution denial">evolution denial</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NCSE_2001-338">[338]</a> secularism,<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> and the notion of the United States as a <a href="/wiki/Christian_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian nation">Christian nation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evangelical_humanitarian_aid">Evangelical humanitarian aid</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Evangelical humanitarian aid">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wvi_relief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Wvi_relief.jpg/220px-Wvi_relief.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Wvi_relief.jpg/330px-Wvi_relief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Wvi_relief.jpg/440px-Wvi_relief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption> Emergency food distribution in a disaster area in Indonesia by <a href="/wiki/World_Vision_International" title="World Vision International">World Vision International</a>, in 2009.</figcaption></figure> In the 1940s, in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Neo-evangelicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-evangelicalism">neo-evangelicalism</a> developed the importance of <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_humanitarian_aid" title="Christian humanitarian aid">Christian humanitarian aid</a> actions in Evangelical churches.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> The majority of evangelical Christian humanitarian organizations were founded in the second half of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> Among those with the most partner countries, there was the foundation of <a href="/wiki/World_Vision_International" title="World Vision International">World Vision International</a> (1950), <a href="/wiki/Samaritan%27s_Purse" title="Samaritan's Purse">Samaritan's Purse</a> (1970), <a href="/wiki/Mercy_Ships" title="Mercy Ships">Mercy Ships</a> (1978), <a href="/wiki/Prison_Fellowship_International" title="Prison Fellowship International">Prison Fellowship International</a> (1979), <a href="/wiki/International_Justice_Mission" title="International Justice Mission">International Justice Mission</a> (1997).<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/ChristianitySymbolWhite.PNG/23px-ChristianitySymbolWhite.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/ChristianitySymbolWhite.PNG/34px-ChristianitySymbolWhite.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/ChristianitySymbolWhite.PNG/46px-ChristianitySymbolWhite.PNG 2x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="201" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Evangelical_Christianity" title="Portal:Evangelical Christianity">Evangelical Christianity portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Biblical literalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_evangelism_movement" title="Child evangelism movement">Child evangelism movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianese" title="Christianese">Christianese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Christian fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Evangelicalism_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Evangelicalism in Britain">Conservative Evangelicalism in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Council_of_Venezuela" title="Evangelical Council of Venezuela">Evangelical Council of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Fellowship_of_Canada" title="Evangelical Fellowship of Canada">Evangelical Fellowship of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exvangelical" title="Exvangelical">Exvangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_and_John_Wayne" title="Jesus and John Wayne">Jesus and John Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_evangelical_churches" title="List of the largest evangelical churches">List of the largest evangelical churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_evangelical_church_auditoriums" title="List of the largest evangelical church auditoriums">List of the largest evangelical church auditoriums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_evangelical_Christians" title="List of evangelical Christians">List of evangelical Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_evangelical_seminaries_and_theological_colleges" title="List of evangelical seminaries and theological colleges">List of evangelical seminaries and theological colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Evangelicals" title="National Association of Evangelicals">National Association of Evangelicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-Letter_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-Letter Christian">Red-Letter Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scandal_of_the_Evangelical_Mind" title="The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind">The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship_service_(evangelicalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worship service (evangelicalism)">Worship service (evangelicalism)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Evangelical-church-Protestantism">"Evangelical church | Definition, History, Beliefs, Key Figures, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. britannica.com. Retrieved April 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britannica.com&rft.atitle=Evangelical+church+%7C+Definition%2C+History%2C+Beliefs%2C+Key+Figures%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FEvangelical-church-Protestantism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USC2022-2"><a href="#cite_ref-USC2022_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crcc.usc.edu/topic/evangelicals-and-evangelicalism/">"Evangelicals and Evangelicalism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>. Retrieved May 11, 2022. <q>At its most basic level, evangelical Christianity is characterized by a belief in the literal truth of the Bible, a "personal relationship with Jesus Christ", the importance of encouraging others to be "born again" in Jesus and a lively worship culture. This characterization is true regardless the size of the church, what the people sitting in the pews look like or how they express their beliefs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evangelicals+and+Evangelicalism&rft.pub=University+of+Southern+California&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrcc.usc.edu%2Ftopic%2Fevangelicals-and-evangelicalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sweet1997-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Sweet1997_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweet1997" class="citation book cs1">Sweet, Leonard I. (1997). The Evangelical Tradition in America. <a href="/wiki/Mercer_University_Press" title="Mercer University Press">Mercer University Press</a>. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-554-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-554-0"><bdi>978-0-86554-554-0</bdi></a>. <q>...evangelical Christianity, which united by a common authority (the Bible), shared experience (new birth/conversion), and commitment to the same sense of duty (obedience to Christ through evangelism and benevolence).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evangelical+Tradition+in+America&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-86554-554-0&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=Leonard+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kidd2019-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kidd2019_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kidd2019_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKidd2019" class="citation book cs1">Kidd, Thomas S. (September 24, 2019). Who Is an Evangelical?. Yale University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-24141-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-24141-9"><bdi>978-0-300-24141-9</bdi></a>. <q>What does it mean to be evangelical? The simple answer is that evangelical Christianity is the religion of the born again.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Is+an+Evangelical%3F&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft.isbn=978-0-300-24141-9&rft.aulast=Kidd&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley201311-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley201311_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStanley2013">Stanley 2013</a>, p. 11. "As a transnational and transdenominational movement, evangelicalism had from the outset encompassed considerable and often problematic diversity, but this diversity had been held in check by the commonalities evangelicals on either side of the North Atlantic shared – most notably a clear consensus about the essential content of the gospel and a shared sense of the priority of awakening those who inhabited a broadly Christian environment to the urgent necessity of a conscious individual decision to turn to Christ in repentance and faith. Evangelicalism had maintained an ambiguous relationship with the structures of Christendom, whether those structures took the institutional form of a <a href="/wiki/Established_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Established church">legal union between church and state</a>, as in most of the United Kingdom, or the more elusive character that obtained in the United States, where the sharp <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">constitutional independence of the church from state political rulership</a> masked an underlying set of shared assumptions about the Christian (and indeed Protestant) identity of the nation. Evangelicals had differed over whether the moral imperative of national recognition of godly religion should also imply the national recognition of a particular church, but all had been agreed that being born or baptized within the boundaries of Christendom did not in itself make one a Christian." </li> <li id="cite_note-osguinness.com-6"><a href="#cite_ref-osguinness.com_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osguinness.com/publicstatement/the-evangelical-manifesto/">"The Evangelical Manifesto – Os Guinness"</a>. February 2, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Evangelical+Manifesto+%E2%80%93+Os+Guinness&rft.date=2016-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosguinness.com%2Fpublicstatement%2Fthe-evangelical-manifesto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDayton1991251-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDayton1991251_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDayton1991251_7-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDayton1991">Dayton 1991</a>, p. 251. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweeney200523-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweeney200523_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweeney200523_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSweeney2005">Sweeney 2005</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hope1997-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hope1997_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hope1997_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hope1997_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hope1997_9-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Christian Scholar's Review, Volume 27. <a href="/wiki/Hope_College" title="Hope College">Hope College</a>. 1997. p. 205. <q>This was especially true of proto-evangelical movements like the Quakers, organized as the Religious Society of Friends by George Fox in 1668 as a group of Christians who rejected clerical authority and taught that the Holy Spirit guided</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Scholar%27s+Review%2C+Volume+27&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Hope+College&rft.date=1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brian_Stiller_2015,_pp._28,_90-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brian_Stiller_2015,_pp._28,_90_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brian_Stiller_2015,_pp._28,_90_10-1">b</a> Brian Stiller, Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century, Thomas Nelson, USA, 2015, pp. 28, 90. </li> <li id="cite_note-AngellDandelion2018-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AngellDandelion2018_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AngellDandelion2018_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngellDandelion2018" class="citation book cs1">Angell, Stephen Ward; Dandelion, Pink (April 19, 2018). The Cambridge Companion to Quakerism. Cambridge University Press. p. 293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-13660-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-13660-1"><bdi>978-1-107-13660-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Quakerism&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018-04-19&rft.isbn=978-1-107-13660-1&rft.aulast=Angell&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Ward&rft.au=Dandelion%2C+Pink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130805020311/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf">"Christianity report"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on August 5, 2013. Retrieved December 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christianity+report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2Ffiles%2F2011%2F12%2FChristianity-fullreport-web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CYMF2018-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CYMF2018_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CYMF2018_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CYMF2018_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CYMF2018_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CYMF2018_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CYMF2018_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CYMF2018_13-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Manual of Faith and Practice of Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+Faith+and+Practice+of+Central+Yearly+Meeting+of+Friends&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Central+Yearly+Meeting+of+Friends&rft.date=2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wood1984-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wood1984_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wood1984_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1984" class="citation web cs1">Wood, A. Skevington (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/lords-watch-moravians">"The Lord's Watch: the Moravians"</a>. Christian History Institute. Retrieved July 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lord%27s+Watch%3A+the+Moravians&rft.pub=Christian+History+Institute&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=A.+Skevington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchristianhistoryinstitute.org%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Flords-watch-moravians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2019" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Daniel K. (September 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2019/october/thomas-kidd-who-evangelical-code-white-republican.html">"'Evangelical' Isn't Code for White and Republican"</a>. ChristianityToday.com. Retrieved December 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChristianityToday.com&rft.atitle=%27Evangelical%27+Isn%27t+Code+for+White+and+Republican&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Daniel+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fct%2F2019%2Foctober%2Fthomas-kidd-who-evangelical-code-white-republican.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNRS-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNRS_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNRS_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBesmond_de_Senneville2016" class="citation news cs1">Besmond de Senneville, Loup (January 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240616022747/https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Monde/Dans-monde-chretien-quatre-evangelique-2016-01-25-1200735150">"Dans le monde, un chrétien sur quatre est évangélique"</a>. La Croix. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Monde/Dans-monde-chretien-quatre-evangelique-2016-01-25-1200735150">the original</a> on June 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft.atitle=Dans+le+monde%2C+un+chr%C3%A9tien+sur+quatre+est+%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft.aulast=Besmond+de+Senneville&rft.aufirst=Loup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com%2FReligion%2FMonde%2FDans-monde-chretien-quatre-evangelique-2016-01-25-1200735150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-How_Many_Evangelicals_Are_There-17"><a href="#cite_ref-How_Many_Evangelicals_Are_There_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160130062242/http://www.wheaton.edu/ISAE/Defining-Evangelicalism/How-Many-Are-There">How Many Evangelicals Are There?</a>, Wheaton College: Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wheaton.edu/ISAE/Defining-Evangelicalism/How-Many-Are-There/">the original</a> on January 30, 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Many+Evangelicals+Are+There%3F&rft.place=Wheaton+College&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+American+Evangelicals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wheaton.edu%2FISAE%2FDefining-Evangelicalism%2FHow-Many-Are-There%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pew_research-18"><a href="#cite_ref-pew_research_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithMasci2018" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Gregory A.; Masci, David (March 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/03/01/5-facts-about-u-s-evangelical-protestants/">"5 facts about U.S. evangelical Protestants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+facts+about+U.S.+evangelical+Protestants&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2018-03-03&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Gregory+A.&rft.au=Masci%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2018%2F03%2F01%2F5-facts-about-u-s-evangelical-protestants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/">"Religion in America: US Religious groups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+in+America%3A+US+Religious+groups&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2Freligious-landscape-study%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2018AngellDandelion-20"><a href="#cite_ref-2018AngellDandelion_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngellDandelion2018" class="citation book cs1">Angell, Stephen Ward; Dandelion, Pink (April 19, 2018). The Cambridge Companion to Quakerism. Cambridge University Press. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-13660-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-13660-1"><bdi>978-1-107-13660-1</bdi></a>. <q>Contemporary Quakers worldwide are predominately evangelical and are often referred to as the Friends Church.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Quakerism&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018-04-19&rft.isbn=978-1-107-13660-1&rft.aulast=Angell&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Ward&rft.au=Dandelion%2C+Pink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilkinson1993-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson1993_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson1993" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, John Laurence (1993). Church in Black and White. Saint Andrew Press. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89144-301-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89144-301-9"><bdi>978-3-89144-301-9</bdi></a>. <q>This powerful spiritual awakening resulted in an amazing worldwide upsurge that firmly planted evangelical Christianity in the Caribbean, and the Moravian Church as an important element in West Indian life. Next came the Methodist...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Church+in+Black+and+White&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Saint+Andrew+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-3-89144-301-9&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=John+Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMohler2011">Mohler (2011</a>, pp. 106–108): "A new dynamic emerged in the last half of the twentieth century as the charismatic and Pentecostal movements also began to participate in the larger evangelical world. By the end of the century, observers would often describe the evangelical movement in terms of Reformed, Baptist, Wesleyan, and charismatic traditions." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhlmann1991155-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhlmann1991155_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhlmann1991155_23-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFOhlmann1991">Ohlmann 1991</a>, p. 155. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Danker1957" class="citation book cs1">William Danker, Frederick A (1957). A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other Early Christian Literature (3rd ed.). The University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Greek-English+Lexicon+of+the+New+Testament+and+other+Early+Christian+Literature&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=William+Danker&rft.aufirst=Frederick+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200416-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200416_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200416_25-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2009" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Phil (March 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616020408/http://www.shepherdsfellowship.org/pulpit/Posts.aspx?ID=4111">"The History of Evangelicalism"</a>. Pulpit Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shepherdsfellowship.org/pulpit/Posts.aspx?ID=4111">the original</a> on June 16, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pulpit+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Evangelicalism&rft.date=2009-03-16&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shepherdsfellowship.org%2Fpulpit%2FPosts.aspx%3FID%3D4111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstone2005" class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, Elizabeth A (2005). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd ed. rev ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 583. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280290-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280290-9"><bdi>0-19-280290-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=583&rft.edition=3rd+ed.+rev&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-19-280290-9&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerstner1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gerstner" title="John Gerstner">Gerstner, John H.</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evangelicalswhat0000unse/page/21">"The Theological Boundaries of Evangelical Faith"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_D._Woodbridge" title="John D. Woodbridge">Woodbridge, John D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_F._Wells" title="David F. Wells">Wells, David F.</a> (eds.). The Evangelicals. Nashville: Abingdon Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evangelicalswhat0000unse/page/21">21–36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-687-12181-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-687-12181-7"><bdi>0-687-12181-7</bdi></a>. <q>Despite the dominant usage of euangellismos in the New Testament, its derivative, evangelical, was not widely or controversially employed until the Reformation period. Then it came into prominence with Martin Luther precisely because he reasserted Paul's teaching on the euangellismos as the indispensable message of salvation. Its light, he argued, was hidden under a bushel of ecclesiastical authority, tradition, and liturgy. The essence of the saving message for Luther was justification by faith alone, the article by which not only the church stands or falls but each individual as well. <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Eck" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Eck">Johannes Eck</a> denigrated those who accepted this view and referred to them as 'evangelicals.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Theological+Boundaries+of+Evangelical+Faith&rft.btitle=The+Evangelicals&rft.place=Nashville&rft.pages=21-36&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-687-12181-7&rft.aulast=Gerstner&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevangelicalswhat0000unse%2Fpage%2F21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_29-1">b</a> Peter Terrell, Harper Collins German Unabridged Dictionary, 4th ed., (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 1999), 273 sub loco. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden19912-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsden19912_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsden1991">Marsden 1991</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKisker2015" class="citation book cs1">Kisker, Scott (January 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/book/9789004283862/B9789004283862-s010.xml">Pietist Connections with English Anglicans and Evangelicals</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-28386-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-28386-2"><bdi>978-90-04-28386-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pietist+Connections+with+English+Anglicans+and+Evangelicals&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-28386-2&rft.aulast=Kisker&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2F9789004283862%2FB9789004283862-s010.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Erich Geldbach: Evangelikale Bewegung. In: <a href="/wiki/Evangelisches_Kirchenlexikon" title="Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon">Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon</a>. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1986, Bd. 1, Sp. 1186. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.katholisch.de/artikel/24235-bekehrung-bibelfroemmigkeit-und-gebet-evangelikale-in-deutschland">"Bekehrung, Bibelfrömmigkeit und Gebet: Evangelikale in Deutschland"</a> (in German). Retrieved September 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bekehrung%2C+Bibelfr%C3%B6mmigkeit+und+Gebet%3A+Evangelikale+in+Deutschland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.katholisch.de%2Fartikel%2F24235-bekehrung-bibelfroemmigkeit-und-gebet-evangelikale-in-deutschland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Erich Geldbach: Evangelikale Bewegung. In: <a href="/wiki/Evangelisches_Kirchenlexikon" title="Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon">Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon</a>, Bd. 2. Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen 1989, Sp. 1186–1191, hier Sp. 1190. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington19931-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington19931_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorthen2014273-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorthen2014273_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorthen2014">Worthen 2014</a>, p. 273. </li> <li id="cite_note-Richards1812-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Richards1812_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Richards1812" class="citation book cs1">William Richards (1812). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng8HAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA98">The history of Lynn. To which is prefixed a copious account of Marshland, Wisbeach and the Fens</a>. p. 98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Lynn.+To+which+is+prefixed+a+copious+account+of+Marshland%2C+Wisbeach+and+the+Fens&rft.pages=98&rft.date=1812&rft.au=William+Richards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNg8HAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leicester.)1811-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Leicester.)1811_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_BURNABY_(Archdeacon_of_Leicester.)1811" class="citation book cs1">Andrew BURNABY (Archdeacon of Leicester.) (1811). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rRJhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA14">The Sin and Danger of Schism, Considered in a Charge-intended to be Delivered to the Clergy of the Archdeaconry of Leicester, at the Summer Visitation in 1811</a>. T. Payne; F. C.&J. Rivington. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sin+and+Danger+of+Schism%2C+Considered+in+a+Charge-intended+to+be+Delivered+to+the+Clergy+of+the+Archdeaconry+of+Leicester%2C+at+the+Summer+Visitation+in+1811&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=T.+Payne%3B+F.+C.%26J.+Rivington&rft.date=1811&rft.au=Andrew+BURNABY+%28Archdeacon+of+Leicester.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrRJhAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGove1971" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Babcock_Gove" title="Philip Babcock Gove">Gove, Philip Babcock</a>, ed. (1971). Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language. Springfield, MA: G & C Merriam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-101-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-101-0"><bdi>978-0-87779-101-0</bdi></a>. <q>evangelical [...] 5 [...] characterized by or reflecting a missionary, reforming, or redeeming impulse or purpose [...] the rise and fall of evangelical fervor [sic] within the Socialist movement – Time Lit. Supp.></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Third+New+International+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=Springfield%2C+MA&rft.pub=G+%26+C+Merriam&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-101-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrueman201114-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrueman201114_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTrueman2011">Trueman 2011</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington19933-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington19933_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Yates2015-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Yates2015_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYates2015" class="citation book cs1">Yates, Arthur S. (2015). The Doctrine of Assurance: With Special Reference to John Wesley. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498205047" title="Special:BookSources/9781498205047"><bdi>9781498205047</bdi></a>. <q>Writing to Arthur Bedford on 4th August 1738, Wesley says: 'That assurance of which alone I speak, I should not choose to call an assurance of salvation, but rather (with the Scriptures) the assurance of faith. . . . I think the Scriptural words are ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Doctrine+of+Assurance%3A+With+Special+Reference+to+John+Wesley&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781498205047&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Arthur+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington19935–8-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington19935–8_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, pp. 5–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorthen2014">Worthen 2014</a>, p. 4: "A logical place to start is to ask Christians who call themselves evangelical what they believe. The trouble is that evangelicals differ widely in how they interpret and emphasize 'fundamental' doctrines. Even the 'born again experience,' supposedly the quintessence of evangelicalism, is not an ironclad indicator. Some evangelicals have always viewed conversion as an incremental process rather than an instantaneous rebirth (and their numbers may be increasing)." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199312–14-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington199312–14_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, pp. 12–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199315–16-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington199315–16_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, pp. 15–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199312-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington199312_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Robert Paul Lightner, Handbook of Evangelical Theology, Kregel Academic, USA, 1995, p. 228 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Robert Paul Lightner, Handbook of Evangelical Theology, Kregel Academic, USA, 1995, p. 234 </li> <li id="cite_note-religion.info-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-religion.info_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-religion.info_50-1">b</a> Religioscope, Sébastien Fath, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.religion.info/2002/03/03/evangelisme-et-eglises-evangeliques-en-france-entretien-avec-sebastien-fath/">À propos de l'évangélisme et des Églises évangéliques en France – Entretien avec Sébastien Fath</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101053917/https://www.religion.info/2002/03/03/evangelisme-et-eglises-evangeliques-en-france-entretien-avec-sebastien-fath/">Archived</a> November 1, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, religion.info, France, March 3, 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Sébastien Fath, Du ghetto au réseau: Le protestantisme évangélique en France, 1800–2005, Édition Labor et Fides, Genève, 2005, p. 378. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Donald F. Durnbaugh, The Believers' Church: The History and Character of Radical Protestantism, Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2003, p. 65, 73 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer200254-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalmer200254_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBalmer2002">Balmer 2002</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington19938–10-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington19938–10_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, pp. 8–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-UMC_–_By_Water_and_the_Spirit-55"><a href="#cite_ref-UMC_–_By_Water_and_the_Spirit_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.umc.org/interior.asp?ptid=4&mid=992">"By Water and the Spirit: A United Methodist Understanding of Baptism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_United_Methodist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="The United Methodist Church">The United Methodist Church</a>. Retrieved August 2, 2007. <q>John Wesley retained the sacramental theology which he received from his Anglican heritage. He taught that in baptism a child was cleansed of the guilt of original sin, initiated into the covenant with God, admitted into the church, made an heir of the divine kingdom, and spiritually born anew. He said that while baptism was neither essential to nor sufficient for salvation, it was the "ordinary means" that God designated for applying the benefits of the work of Christ in human lives. On the other hand, although he affirmed the regenerating grace of infant baptism, he also insisted upon the necessity of adult conversion for those who have fallen from grace. A person who matures into moral accountability must respond to God's grace in repentance and faith. Without personal decision and commitment to Christ, the baptismal gift is rendered ineffective. Baptism as Forgiveness of Sin. In baptism God offers and we accept the forgiveness of our sin (Acts 2:38). With the pardoning of sin which has separated us from God, we are justified—freed from the guilt and penalty of sin and restored to right relationship with God. This reconciliation is made possible through the atonement of Christ and made real in our lives by the work of the Holy Spirit. We respond by confessing and repenting of our sin, and affirming our faith that Jesus Christ has accomplished all that is necessary for our salvation. Faith is the necessary condition for justification; in baptism, that faith is professed. God's forgiveness makes possible the renewal of our spiritual lives and our becoming new beings in Christ. Baptism as New Life. Baptism is the sacramental sign of new life through and in Christ by the power of the Holy Spirit. Variously identified as regeneration, new birth, and being born again, this work of grace makes us into new spiritual creatures (2 Corinthians 5:17). We die to our old nature which was dominated by sin and enter into the very life of Christ who transforms us. Baptism is the means of entry into new life in Christ (John 3:5; Titus 3:5), but new birth may not always coincide with the moment of the administration of water or the laying on of hands. Our awareness and acceptance of our redemption by Christ and new life in him may vary throughout our lives. But, in whatever way the reality of the new birth is experienced, it carries out the promises God made to us in our baptism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=By+Water+and+the+Spirit%3A+A+United+Methodist+Understanding+of+Baptism&rft.pub=The+United+Methodist+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.umc.org%2Finterior.asp%3Fptid%3D4%26mid%3D992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer2002549-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalmer2002549_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBalmer2002">Balmer 2002</a>, p. 549. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> William H. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Pentecostalism&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Béatrice Mohr et Isabelle Nussbaum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pages.rts.ch/emissions/temps-present/religion/3032510-rock-miracles-saint-esprit.html?anchor=3095947#3095947">Rock, miracles & Saint-Esprit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103074246/https://pages.rts.ch/emissions/temps-present/religion/3032510-rock-miracles-saint-esprit.html?anchor=3095947#3095947">Archived</a> November 3, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, rts.ch, Switzerland, April 21, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Randall Herbert Balmer, Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism: Revised and expanded edition, Baylor University Press, USA, 2004, p. 212 </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncse.ngo/scientific-creationism-pseudoscience">""Scientific" Creationism as a Pseudoscience | National Center for Science Education"</a>. ncse.ngo. Retrieved November 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncse.ngo&rft.atitle=%22Scientific%22+Creationism+as+a+Pseudoscience+%7C+National+Center+for+Science+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncse.ngo%2Fscientific-creationism-pseudoscience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Randall Herbert Balmer, Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism: Revised and expanded edition, Baylor University Press, USA, 2004, p. 29 </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> Quentin J. Schultze, Robert Herbert Woods Jr., Understanding Evangelical Media: The Changing Face of Christian Communication, InterVarsity Press, USA, 2009, p. 164 </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeed2016" class="citation web cs1">Weed, Alexis (July 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404060554/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/07/us/noahs-ark-kentucky/index.html">"Noah's Ark opens at Kentucky theme park"</a>. CNN. Warner Bros. Discovery. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/07/us/noahs-ark-kentucky/index.html">the original</a> on April 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Noah%27s+Ark+opens+at+Kentucky+theme+park&rft.date=2016-07-07&rft.aulast=Weed&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F07%2F07%2Fus%2Fnoahs-ark-kentucky%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Randall Herbert Balmer, Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism: Revised and expanded edition, Baylor University Press, USA, 2004, p. 353. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> Timothy J. Demy PhD, Paul R. Shockley PhD, Evangelical America: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Religious Culture, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2017, p. 224 </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biologos.org/common-questions/what-is-evolutionary-creation">"What is Evolutionary Creation?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BioLogos_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="BioLogos Foundation">BioLogos Foundation</a>. Retrieved March 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Evolutionary+Creation%3F&rft.pub=BioLogos+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiologos.org%2Fcommon-questions%2Fwhat-is-evolutionary-creation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohler2011106–108-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohler2011106–108_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMohler2011">Mohler 2011</a>, pp. 106–108. </li> <li id="cite_note-NAEdenom-171"><a href="#cite_ref-NAEdenom_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043933/http://www.nae.net/denominations/">"Denominations"</a>. www.nae.net. National Association of Evangelicals. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nae.net/denominations/">the original</a> on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nae.net&rft.atitle=Denominations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nae.net%2Fdenominations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coulter-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coulter_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coulter_172-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coulter_172-2">c</a> Dale M. Coulter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstthings.com/blogs/firstthoughts/2013/11/the-two-wings-of-evangelicalism/">"The Two Wings of Evangelicalism"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809125200/https://www.firstthings.com/blogs/firstthoughts/2013/11/the-two-wings-of-evangelicalism/">Archived</a> August 9, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, First Things (November 5, 2013). Retrieved December 17, 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Quaker History, Volumes 94–95. Friends Historical Association. 2005. p. 46. <q>Emma Malone, active in the evangelical Quaker community in Cleveland, co-founded (with her husband) the Christian Workers Training School. This school helped to train the leadership of evangelical Quakers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quaker+History%2C+Volumes+94%E2%80%9395&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Friends+Historical+Association&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley201327–28-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley201327–28_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStanley2013">Stanley 2013</a>, pp. 27–28. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> Roger E. Olson, The Westminster Handbook to Evangelical Theology, Westminster John Knox Press, USA, 2004, p. 172 </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> Peter Beyer, Religion in the Process of Globalization, Ergon, Germany, 2001, p. 261 </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> Eric C. Miller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://religionandpolitics.org/2015/10/27/the-political-legacy-of-progressive-evangelicals/">The Political Legacy of Progressive Evangelicals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411002227/https://religionandpolitics.org/2015/10/27/the-political-legacy-of-progressive-evangelicals/">Archived</a> April 11, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, religionandpolitics.org, USA, October 27, 2015 : "In relative terms, these characteristics and their usual adherence to traditionally orthodox doctrines do make evangelicals more theologically conservative than liberal Protestants". </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> Frederick Casadesus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reforme.net/theologie/2005/10/20/journal-10192005-reforme-3147-opinions-disputatio-evangeliques-sont-protestants-0/">Les évangéliques sont-ils tous protestants ?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411003940/https://www.reforme.net/theologie/2005/10/20/journal-10192005-reforme-3147-opinions-disputatio-evangeliques-sont-protestants-0/">Archived</a> April 11, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, reforme.net, France, October 20, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-waldman-2004-179"><a href="#cite_ref-waldman-2004_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldman2004" class="citation web cs1">Waldman, Steve (April 29, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jesus/evangelicals/vs.html#:~:text=Evangelicals%20have%20a%20somewhat%20broader,dispensational%20view%20of%20the%20Bible.">"Evangelicals v. Fundamentalists"</a>. Frontline. Retrieved December 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=Evangelicals+v.+Fundamentalists&rft.date=2004-04-29&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Fjesus%2Fevangelicals%2Fvs.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DEvangelicals%2520have%2520a%2520somewhat%2520broader%2Cdispensational%2520view%2520of%2520the%2520Bible.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marsden-Svelmoe-180">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marsden-Svelmoe_180-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marsden-Svelmoe_180-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsdenSvelmoe2005" class="citation web cs1">Marsden, George M.; Svelmoe, William L. (2005) [1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/evangelical-and-fundamental-christianity">"EVANGELICAL AND FUNDAMENTAL CHRISTIANITY"</a>. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved December 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=EVANGELICAL+AND+FUNDAMENTAL+CHRISTIANITY&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Marsden&rft.aufirst=George+M.&rft.au=Svelmoe%2C+William+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fenvironment%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fevangelical-and-fundamental-christianity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1998" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Harriet A. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LXkSDAAAQBAJ">Fundamentalism and Evangelicals</a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 58–59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-826960-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-826960-1"><bdi>978-0-19-826960-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 24, 2017. <q>The overriding implication of Fundamentalism is that conservative evangelicals are in fact fundamentalist but that they reject the term because of its pejorative connotations: 'By what term would "fundamentalists" prefer to be called? The term favored at present, at least in Great Britain, is "conservative evangelical"'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentalism+and+Evangelicals&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=58-59&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-826960-1&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Harriet+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLXkSDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauder201130–32-182"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauder201130–32_182-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBauder2011">Bauder 2011</a>, pp. 30–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden19913–4-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsden19913–4_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsden1991">Marsden 1991</a>, pp. 3–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> Steve Brouwer, Paul Gifford, Susan D. Rose, Exporting the American Gospel: Global Christian Fundamentalism, Routledge, Abingdon-on-Thames, 2013, p. 25, 27, 29, 31 </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> W. Glenn Jonas Jr., The Baptist River: Essays on Many Tributaries of a Diverse Tradition, Mercer University Press, USA, 2008, p. 125: "Independents assert that the Bible is a unified document containing consistent propositional truths. They accept the supernatural elements of the Bible, affirm that it is infallible in every area of reality, and contend that it is to be interpreted literally in the vast majority of cases. Ultimately, they hold not merely to the inerrancy of Scripture, but to the infallibility of their interpretation of Scripture. The doctrine of premillennialism serves as a case in point. Early on in the movement, Independents embraced premillennialism as the only acceptable eschatological view. The BBU made the doctrine a test of fellowship. When Norris formed his Premillennial Missionary Baptist Fellowship (1933), he made premillennialism a requirement for membership. He held this doctrine to be the only acceptable biblical position, charging conventionism with being postmillennial in orientation." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson2011241–242-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson2011241–242_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson2011241–242_186-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFOlson2011">Olson 2011</a>, pp. 241–242. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReimer200329-187"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReimer200329_187-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReimer2003">Reimer 2003</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohler2011103–104-188"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohler2011103–104_188-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMohler2011">Mohler 2011</a>, pp. 103–104. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanley201358-189"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanley201358_189-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStanley2013">Stanley 2013</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllingsen1991222,_238-190"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllingsen1991222,_238_190-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEllingsen1991">Ellingsen 1991</a>, pp. 222, 238. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden199175-191"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsden199175_191-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsden1991">Marsden 1991</a>, p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-OlsonCentury-192"><a href="#cite_ref-OlsonCentury_192-0">^</a> Roger E. Olson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=85">"Postconservative Evangelicals Greet the Postmodern Age"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101003723/http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=85">Archived</a> January 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Christian Century (May 3, 1995), pp. 480–483. Retrieved December 16, 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERandall200552-193"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERandall200552_193-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRandall2005">Randall 2005</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson200728-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomlinson200728_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomlinson2007">Tomlinson 2007</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Evangelical" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Evangelical">"Evangelical"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Evangelical&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DEvangelical&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.) – "As a distinct party designation, the term came into general use, in England, at the time of the Methodist revival; and it may be said, with substantial accuracy, to denote the school of theology which that movement represents, though its earlier associations were rather with the Calvinistic than the Arminian branch of the movement. In the early part of the 19th cent. the words 'Methodist' and 'Evangelical' were, by adversaries, often used indiscriminately, and associated with accusations of fanaticism and 'puritanical' disapproval of social pleasures. The portion of the 'evangelical' school which belongs to the Anglican church is practically identical with the 'Low Church' party. In the Church of Scotland during the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th cent. the two leading parties were the 'Evangelical' and the 'Moderate' party." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer2002vii–viii-196"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalmer2002vii–viii_196-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBalmer2002">Balmer 2002</a>, pp. vii–viii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200450-197"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200450_197-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2015" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Rick (2015). The First American Evangelical: A Short Life of Cotton Mather. Eerdmans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+American+Evangelical%3A+A+Short+Life+of+Cotton+Mather&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer2002542–543-199"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalmer2002542–543_199-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBalmer2002">Balmer 2002</a>, pp. 542–543. </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullett1991" class="citation journal cs1">Mullett, Michael (May 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?AN=vid=5&sid=cd761005-7608-460c-9793-8d19021a1cf3%40redis">"George Fox and the Origins of Quakerism"</a>. History Today. 41 (5): 26–31. Retrieved June 21, 2024 – via EBSCOhost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=George+Fox+and+the+Origins+of+Quakerism&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=26-31&rft.date=1991-05&rft.aulast=Mullett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3FAN%3Dvid%3D5%26sid%3Dcd761005-7608-460c-9793-8d19021a1cf3%2540redis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongfield20137-201"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongfield20137_201-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongfield2013">Longfield 2013</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200444,_112-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200444,_112_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, pp. 44, 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200454–55-203"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200454–55_203-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, pp. 54–55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200446–47-204"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200446–47_204-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, pp. 46–47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200466–67-205"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200466–67_205-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, pp. 66–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPuzynin2011">Puzynin (2011</a>, p. 21): "Noll points out that the crucial spiritual emphasis of the High-Church was its stress on 'primitive Christianity' [...]. However, it seems more logical to consider 'Primitivism' as a separate framework characteristic of the Victorian era [...]." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200476-207"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200476_207-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199374-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington199374_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199342-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington199342_209-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199343-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington199343_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200476–78-211"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200476–78_211-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, pp. 76–78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELovelace2007-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELovelace2007_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLovelace2007">Lovelace 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200477-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200477_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200481–82-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200481–82_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, pp. 81–82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200479-215"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200479_215-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBebbington199320-216">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington199320_216-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington199320_216-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBebbington199320_216-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBebbington1993">Bebbington 1993</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200479–80-217"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200479–80_217-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, pp. 79–80. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200484-218"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200484_218-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, p. 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200485-219"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200485_219-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200497-220"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200497_220-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, p. 97. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShantz2013279–280-221"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShantz2013279–280_221-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShantz2013">Shantz 2013</a>, pp. 279–280. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoll200487,_95-222"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoll200487,_95_222-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNoll2004">Noll 2004</a>, pp. 87, 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnead2010" class="citation cs2">Snead, Jennifer (2010), "Print, Predestination, and the Public Sphere: Transatlantic Evangelical Periodicals, 1740–1745", Early American Literature, 45 (1): 93–118, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Feal.0.0092">10.1353/eal.0.0092</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161160945">161160945</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Early+American+Literature&rft.atitle=Print%2C+Predestination%2C+and+the+Public+Sphere%3A+Transatlantic+Evangelical+Periodicals%2C+1740%E2%80%931745&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=93-118&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Feal.0.0092&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161160945%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Snead&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStout1991" class="citation cs2">Stout, Harold 'Harry' (1991), The Divine Dramatist: George Whitefield and the Rise of Modern Evangelicalism</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Divine+Dramatist%3A+George+Whitefield+and+the+Rise+of+Modern+Evangelicalism&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=Harold+%27Harry%27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe200736-225"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolffe200736_225-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolffe2007">Wolffe 2007</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe200738-226"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolffe200738_226-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolffe2007">Wolffe 2007</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe200739-227"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolffe200739_227-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolffe2007">Wolffe 2007</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe200738–39-228"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolffe200738–39_228-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolffe2007">Wolffe 2007</a>, pp. 38–39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe200737-229"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolffe200737_229-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolffe2007">Wolffe 2007</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBebbington2002" class="citation cs2">Bebbington, David W (January 2002), "The Evangelical Revival in Britain in the Nineteenth Century", Kyrkohistorisk Arsskrift, pp. 63–70</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyrkohistorisk+Arsskrift&rft.atitle=The+Evangelical+Revival+in+Britain+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pages=63-70&rft.date=2002-01&rft.aulast=Bebbington&rft.aufirst=David+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBebbington2007" class="citation cs2">Bebbington, David W (2007), "The Evangelical Conscience", Welsh Journal of Religious History, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 27–44</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Welsh+Journal+of+Religious+History&rft.atitle=The+Evangelical+Conscience&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-44&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Bebbington&rft.aufirst=David+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-Winn-232"><a href="#cite_ref-Winn_232-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinn2007" class="citation book cs1">Winn, Christian T. Collins (2007). From the Margins: A Celebration of the Theological Work of Donald W. Dayton. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781630878320" title="Special:BookSources/9781630878320"><bdi>9781630878320</bdi></a>. <q>In addition to these separate denominational groupings, one needs to give attention to the large pockets of the Holiness movement that have remained within the United Methodist Church. The most influential of these would be the circles dominated by Asbury College and Asbury Theological Seminary (both in Wilmore, KY), but one could speak of other colleges, innumerable local campmeetings, the vestiges of various local Holiness associations, independent Holiness oriented missionary societies and the like that have had great impact within United Methodism. A similar pattern would exist in England with the role of Cliff College within Methodism in that context.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Margins%3A+A+Celebration+of+the+Theological+Work+of+Donald+W.+Dayton&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781630878320&rft.aulast=Winn&rft.aufirst=Christian+T.+Collins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBebbington1996" class="citation cs2">Bebbington, David W (1996), "The Holiness Movements in British and Canadian Methodism in the Late Nineteenth Century", Proceedings of the Wesley Historical Society, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 203–28</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Wesley+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Holiness+Movements+in+British+and+Canadian+Methodism+in+the+Late+Nineteenth+Century&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=203-28&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Bebbington&rft.aufirst=David+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sawyer2004-234"><a href="#cite_ref-Sawyer2004_234-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyer2004" class="citation web cs1">Sawyer, M. J. (May 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.org/article/wesleyan-amp-keswick-models-sanctification">"Wesleyan and Keswick Models of Sanctification"</a>. Bible.org. Retrieved September 30, 2020. <q>With Keswick one finds a different situation than with the Holiness Movement. Whereas Wesleyan holiness theology is traceable directly to Wesley and has clearly identifiable tenets, Keswick is much more amorphous and comes in many varieties from the strict Keswick of a Major Ian Thomas, John Hunter, Alan Redpath and the Torchbearers fellowship to the milder Keswick of Campus Crusade For Christ and Moody Bible Institute and other respected Evangelical educational institutions. Whereas Holiness theology has tended to dominate in Arminian circles, Keswick has tended to dominate American Evangelicalism of a more Calvinistic bent. Indeed Packer asserts that it has become standard in virtually all of Evangelicalism except confessional Reformed and Lutheran.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wesleyan+and+Keswick+Models+of+Sanctification&rft.pub=Bible.org&rft.date=2004-05-25&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbible.org%2Farticle%2Fwesleyan-amp-keswick-models-sanctification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayfordMoore2009" class="citation book cs1">Hayford, Jack W.; Moore, S. David (June 27, 2009). The Charismatic Century: The Enduring Impact of the Azusa Street Revival. FaithWords. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-446-56235-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-446-56235-5"><bdi>978-0-446-56235-5</bdi></a>. <q>Evangelist D.L. Moody was a proponent of the Kewsick movement along with others, including Hannah Whital Smith, whose book A Christian's Secret of a Happy Life is still read today by thousands. R.A. Torrey, an associate of Moody whose influence was rapidly increasing, championed Keswick's ideals and utilized the term "Baptism of the Holy Spirit" in reference to the experience. Keswick views had a significant inflience on A.B. Simpson, founder of the Christian Missionary Alliance, which became a denomination by that name.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Charismatic+Century%3A+The+Enduring+Impact+of+the+Azusa+Street+Revival&rft.pub=FaithWords&rft.date=2009-06-27&rft.isbn=978-0-446-56235-5&rft.aulast=Hayford&rft.aufirst=Jack+W.&rft.au=Moore%2C+S.+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweetnam2010" class="citation cs2">Sweetnam, Mark S (2010), "Defining Dispensationalism: A Cultural Studies Perspective", Journal of Religious History, 34 (2): 191–212, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9809.2010.00862.x">10.1111/j.1467-9809.2010.00862.x</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religious+History&rft.atitle=Defining+Dispensationalism%3A+A+Cultural+Studies+Perspective&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=191-212&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9809.2010.00862.x&rft.aulast=Sweetnam&rft.aufirst=Mark+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> Anne C. Loveland, Otis B. Wheeler, From Meetinghouse to Megachurch: A Material and Cultural History, University of Missouri Press, USA, 2003, p. 35 </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> Stephen J. Hunt, Handbook of Megachurches, Brill, Leyde, 2019, p. 50 </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBebbington2005" class="citation cs2">Bebbington, David W (2005), Dominance of Evangelicalism: The Age of Spurgeon and Moody</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dominance+of+Evangelicalism%3A+The+Age+of+Spurgeon+and+Moody&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Bebbington&rft.aufirst=David+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlay1969" class="citation cs2">Findlay, James F (1969), Dwight L. 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Regnery. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89526-111-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-89526-111-1"><bdi>0-89526-111-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persecution%3A+How+Liberals+are+Waging+War+Against+Christians&rft.pub=Regnery&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-89526-111-1&rft.aulast=Limbaugh&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp7nNBpEIrtYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> Daniel Silliman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2019/august-web-only/gods-internationalists-david-king-world-vision.html">World Vision Helped Evangelicals Become Social Activists—Within Limits</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020144243/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2019/august-web-only/gods-internationalists-david-king-world-vision.html">Archived</a> October 20, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, christianitytoday, USA, August 2, 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> David P. King, God's Internationalists: World Vision and the Age of Evangelical Humanitarianism, University of Pennsylvania Press, USA, 2019, p. 47, 121 </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> Brian Steensland, Philip Goff, The New Evangelical Social Engagement, Oxford University Press USA, USA, 2014, p. 242-243 </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> Wendy Murray Zoba, The Beliefnet Guide To Evangelical Christianity, Three Leaves Press, USA, 2005, p. XX </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>Balmer, Randall. Evangelicalism in America (Baylor University Press, 2016). xvi, 199 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalmer2002" class="citation cs2">Balmer, Randall Herbert (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=syUupeVJOz4C">Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism</a>, Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22409-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22409-7"><bdi>978-0-664-22409-7</bdi></a>, retrieved October 25, 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Evangelicalism&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22409-7&rft.aulast=Balmer&rft.aufirst=Randall+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsyUupeVJOz4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauder2011" class="citation cs2">Bauder, Kevin (2011), "Fundamentalism", in Naselli, Andrew; Hansen, Collin (eds.), Four Views on the Spectrum of Evangelicalism, Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-55581-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-55581-0"><bdi>978-0-310-55581-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fundamentalism&rft.btitle=Four+Views+on+the+Spectrum+of+Evangelicalism&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-310-55581-0&rft.aulast=Bauder&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBebbington1993" class="citation cs2">Bebbington, David W (1993), Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s, London: Routledge</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelicalism+in+Modern+Britain%3A+A+History+from+the+1730s+to+the+1980s&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Bebbington&rft.aufirst=David+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChesnut1997" class="citation cs2">Chesnut, R. Andrew (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vSL31stk6JgC">Born Again in Brazil: The Pentecostal Boom and the Pathogens of Poverty</a>, Rutgers University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813524061" title="Special:BookSources/9780813524061"><bdi>9780813524061</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Born+Again+in+Brazil%3A+The+Pentecostal+Boom+and+the+Pathogens+of+Poverty&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780813524061&rft.aulast=Chesnut&rft.aufirst=R.+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvSL31stk6JgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDayton1991" class="citation cs2">Dayton, Donald W. (1991), "Some Doubts about the Usefulness of the Category 'Evangelical'", in Dayton, Donald W.; Johnston, Robert K. (eds.), The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57233-158-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57233-158-5"><bdi>1-57233-158-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Some+Doubts+about+the+Usefulness+of+the+Category+%27Evangelical%27&rft.btitle=The+Variety+of+American+Evangelicalism&rft.place=Knoxville%2C+TN&rft.pub=The+University+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-57233-158-5&rft.aulast=Dayton&rft.aufirst=Donald+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllingsen1991" class="citation cs2">Ellingsen, Mark (1991), "Lutheranism", in Dayton, Donald W.; Johnston, Robert K. (eds.), The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57233-158-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57233-158-5"><bdi>1-57233-158-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lutheranism&rft.btitle=The+Variety+of+American+Evangelicalism&rft.place=Knoxville%2C+TN&rft.pub=The+University+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-57233-158-5&rft.aulast=Ellingsen&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHimmelstein1990" class="citation cs2">Himmelstein, Jerome L. (1990), To The Right: The Transformation of American Conservatism, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+The+Right%3A+The+Transformation+of+American+Conservatism&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Himmelstein&rft.aufirst=Jerome+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongfield2013" class="citation cs2">Longfield, Bradley J. (2013), Presbyterians and American Culture: A History, Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presbyterians+and+American+Culture%3A+A+History&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Longfield&rft.aufirst=Bradley+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovelace2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Lovelace" title="Richard F. Lovelace">Lovelace, Richard F.</a> (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IuIuHwAACAAJ">The American Pietism of Cotton Mather: Origins of American Evangelicalism</a>, Wipf & Stock, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781556353925" title="Special:BookSources/9781556353925"><bdi>9781556353925</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Pietism+of+Cotton+Mather%3A+Origins+of+American+Evangelicalism&rft.pub=Wipf+%26+Stock&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781556353925&rft.aulast=Lovelace&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIuIuHwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsden1991" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/George_Marsden" title="George Marsden">Marsden, George M</a> (1991), Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism, Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-0539-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-0539-6"><bdi>0-8028-0539-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Fundamentalism+and+Evangelicalism&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=W.B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8028-0539-6&rft.aulast=Marsden&rft.aufirst=George+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1996" class="citation cs2">Martin, William (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/withgodonourside00will">With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America</a>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Books" title="Broadway Books">Broadway Books</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7679-2257-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7679-2257-3"><bdi>0-7679-2257-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+God+on+Our+Side%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Religious+Right+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Broadway+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7679-2257-3&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwithgodonourside00will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohler2011" class="citation cs2">Mohler, Albert (2011), "Confessional Evangelicalism", in Naselli, Andrew; Hansen, Collin (eds.), Four Views on the Spectrum of Evangelicalism, Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-55581-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-55581-0"><bdi>978-0-310-55581-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Confessional+Evangelicalism&rft.btitle=Four+Views+on+the+Spectrum+of+Evangelicalism&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-310-55581-0&rft.aulast=Mohler&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoll2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Noll" title="Mark Noll">Noll, Mark A.</a> (2004), The Rise of Evangelicalism: The Age of Edwards, Whitefield and the Wesleys, Inter-Varsity, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84474-001-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84474-001-3"><bdi>1-84474-001-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Evangelicalism%3A+The+Age+of+Edwards%2C+Whitefield+and+the+Wesleys&rft.pub=Inter-Varsity&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84474-001-3&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhlmann1991" class="citation cs2">Ohlmann, Eric H. (1991), "Baptists and Evangelicals", in Dayton, Donald W.; Johnston, Robert K. 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(2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MRMTBgAAQBAJ">The Tradition of the Gospel Christians: A Study of Their Identity and Theology during the Russian, Soviet, and Post-Soviet Periods</a>. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781630876883" title="Special:BookSources/9781630876883"><bdi>9781630876883</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tradition+of+the+Gospel+Christians%3A+A+Study+of+Their+Identity+and+Theology+during+the+Russian%2C+Soviet%2C+and+Post-Soviet+Periods&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781630876883&rft.aulast=Puzynin&rft.aufirst=Andrey+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMRMTBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall2005" class="citation cs2">Randall, Kelvin (2005), Evangelicals etcetera: conflict and conviction in the Church of England</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelicals+etcetera%3A+conflict+and+conviction+in+the+Church+of+England&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=Kelvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanger2008" class="citation cs2">Ranger, Terence O, ed. (2008), Evangelical Christianity and Democracy in Africa, Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelical+Christianity+and+Democracy+in+Africa&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReimer2003" class="citation book cs1">Reimer, Sam (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evangelicalscont0000reim">Evangelicals and the Continental Divide: The Conservative Protestant Subculture in Canada and the United States</a>. McGill-Queen's Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelicals+and+the+Continental+Divide%3A+The+Conservative+Protestant+Subculture+in+Canada+and+the+United+States&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Reimer&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevangelicalscont0000reim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShantz2013" class="citation cs2">Shantz, Douglas H. (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=40wB2kGLm28C&pg=PA279">An Introduction to German Pietism: Protestant Renewal at the Dawn of Modern Europe</a>, JHU, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781421408309" title="Special:BookSources/9781421408309"><bdi>9781421408309</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+German+Pietism%3A+Protestant+Renewal+at+the+Dawn+of+Modern+Europe&rft.pub=JHU&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781421408309&rft.aulast=Shantz&rft.aufirst=Douglas+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D40wB2kGLm28C%26pg%3DPA279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stanley_(historian)" title="Brian Stanley (historian)">Stanley, Brian</a> (2013). The Global Diffusion of Evangelicalism: The Age of Billy Graham and John Stott. IVP Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-2585-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-2585-1"><bdi>978-0-8308-2585-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Diffusion+of+Evangelicalism%3A+The+Age+of+Billy+Graham+and+John+Stott&rft.pub=IVP+Academic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-2585-1&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sutton, Matthew Avery. American Apocalypse: A History of Modern Evangelicalism (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2014). 480 pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=44771">online review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806005547/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=44771">Archived</a> August 6, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeney2005" class="citation book cs1">Sweeney, Douglas A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanevangeli0000swee">The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement</a>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58558-382-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58558-382-9"><bdi>978-1-58558-382-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Evangelical+Story%3A+A+History+of+the+Movement&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58558-382-9&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanevangeli0000swee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson2007" class="citation book cs1">Tomlinson, Dave (2007). The Post-Evangelical. Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-25385-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-25385-3"><bdi>978-0-310-25385-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Post-Evangelical&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-310-25385-3&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrueman2011" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Trueman" title="Carl Trueman">Trueman, Carl</a> (2011), The Real Scandal of the Evangelical Mind, <a href="/wiki/Moody_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Moody Publishers">Moody Publishers</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+Scandal+of+the+Evangelical+Mind&rft.pub=Moody+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Trueman&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitvliet2010" class="citation cs2">Witvliet, John D. (2010), "Worship", in McDermott, Gerald (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRWjoGOQJkC">The Oxford Handbook of Evangelical Theology</a>, Oxford University Press, pp. 310–324, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195369441" title="Special:BookSources/9780195369441"><bdi>9780195369441</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Worship&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Evangelical+Theology&rft.pages=310-324&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780195369441&rft.aulast=Witvliet&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCPRWjoGOQJkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolffe2007" class="citation book cs1">Wolffe, John (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7sUiYMEyVtsC">The Expansion of Evangelicalism: The Age of Wilberforce, More, Chalmers and Finney</a>. A History of Evangelicalism. Vol. 2. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-2582-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-2582-0"><bdi>978-0-8308-2582-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Expansion+of+Evangelicalism%3A+The+Age+of+Wilberforce%2C+More%2C+Chalmers+and+Finney&rft.series=A+History+of+Evangelicalism&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-2582-0&rft.aulast=Wolffe&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7sUiYMEyVtsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorthen2014" class="citation book cs1">Worthen, Molly (2014). Apostles of Reason: The Crisis of Authority in American Evangelicalism. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-989646-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-989646-2"><bdi>978-0-19-989646-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apostles+of+Reason%3A+The+Crisis+of+Authority+in+American+Evangelicalism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-989646-2&rft.aulast=Worthen&rft.aufirst=Molly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalmer2004" class="citation cs2">Balmer, Randall Herbert (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=syUupeVJOz4C">Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism</a> (excerpt and text search) (2nd ed.), Westminster John Knox Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664224097" title="Special:BookSources/9780664224097"><bdi>9780664224097</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Evangelicalism&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780664224097&rft.aulast=Balmer&rft.aufirst=Randall+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsyUupeVJOz4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921070303/http://www.questia.com/read/104231783/encyclopedia-of-evangelicalism">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalmer2010" class="citation cs2">——— (2010), The Making of Evangelicalism: From Revivalism to Politics and Beyond, Baylor University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60258-243-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60258-243-9"><bdi>978-1-60258-243-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Evangelicalism%3A+From+Revivalism+to+Politics+and+Beyond&rft.pub=Baylor+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60258-243-9&rft.aulast=Balmer&rft.aufirst=Randall+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalmer2000" class="citation cs2">——— (2000), Blessed Assurance: A History of Evangelicalism in America</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blessed+Assurance%3A+A+History+of+Evangelicalism+in+America&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Balmer&rft.aufirst=Randall+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastian1994" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bastian, Jean-Pierre (1994), Le Protestantisme en Amérique latine: une approche sio-historique [Protestantism in Latin America: a sio-historical approach], Histoire et société (in French), Genève: Labor et Fides, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-8309-0684-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-8309-0684-5"><bdi>2-8309-0684-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Protestantisme+en+Am%C3%A9rique+latine%3A+une+approche+sio-historique&rft.place=Gen%C3%A8ve&rft.series=Histoire+et+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9&rft.pub=Labor+et+Fides&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=2-8309-0684-5&rft.aulast=Bastian&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">; alternative ISBN on back cover, 2-8309-0687-X; 324 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeale1986" class="citation cs2">Beale, David O (1986), In Pursuit of Purity: American Fundamentalism Since 1850, Greenville, SC: Bob Jones University: Unusual, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89084-350-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89084-350-3"><bdi>0-89084-350-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Pursuit+of+Purity%3A+American+Fundamentalism+Since+1850&rft.place=Greenville%2C+SC%3A+Bob+Jones+University&rft.pub=Unusual&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-89084-350-3&rft.aulast=Beale&rft.aufirst=David+O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBebbington1989" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_Bebbington" class="mw-redirect" title="David Bebbington">Bebbington, D. W.</a> (1989), Evangelicals in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s, London: Unwin</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelicals+in+Modern+Britain%3A+A+History+from+the+1730s+to+the+1980s&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Unwin&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Bebbington&rft.aufirst=D.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter1980" class="citation cs2">Carpenter, Joel A. (1980), "Fundamentalist Institutions and the Rise of Evangelical Protestantism, 1929–1942", Church History, 49 (1): 62–75, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3164640">10.2307/3164640</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3164640">3164640</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145632415">145632415</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Church+History&rft.atitle=Fundamentalist+Institutions+and+the+Rise+of+Evangelical+Protestantism%2C+1929%E2%80%931942&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=62-75&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145632415%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3164640%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3164640&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Joel+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter1999" class="citation cs2">——— (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reviveusagain00joel">Revive Us Again: The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism</a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-512907-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-512907-5"><bdi>0-19-512907-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revive+Us+Again%3A+The+Reawakening+of+American+Fundamentalism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-19-512907-5&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Joel+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freviveusagain00joel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCase2012" class="citation book cs1">Case, Jay Riley (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Amjf9qHlFigC">An Unpredictable Gospel: American Evangelicals and World Christianity, 1812-1920</a>. Oxford UP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199772322" title="Special:BookSources/9780199772322"><bdi>9780199772322</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Unpredictable+Gospel%3A+American+Evangelicals+and+World+Christianity%2C+1812-1920&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199772322&rft.aulast=Case&rft.aufirst=Jay+Riley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAmjf9qHlFigC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Chapman, Mark B., "American Evangelical Attitudes Toward Catholicism: Post-World War II to Vatican II," U.S. Catholic Historian, 33#1 (Winter 2015), 25–54.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverdell2021" class="citation cs2">Everdell, William R. (2021), The Evangelical Counter-Enlightenment, <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-69761-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-69761-7"><bdi>978-3-030-69761-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evangelical+Counter-Enlightenment&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-3-030-69761-7&rft.aulast=Everdell&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreston2004" class="citation cs2">Freston, Paul (2004), Evangelicals and Politics in Asia, Africa and Latin America, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-60429-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-60429-X"><bdi>0-521-60429-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelicals+and+Politics+in+Asia%2C+Africa+and+Latin+America&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-60429-X&rft.aulast=Freston&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindmarsh2005" class="citation cs2">Hindmarsh, Bruce (2005), The Evangelical Conversion Narrative: Spiritual Autobiography in Early Modern England, Oxford: Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evangelical+Conversion+Narrative%3A+Spiritual+Autobiography+in+Early+Modern+England&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Hindmarsh&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHummel2023" class="citation book cs1">Hummel, Daniel G. (2023). The Rise and Fall of Dispensationalism: How the Evangelical Battle over the End Times Shaped a Nation. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-802-87922-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-802-87922-6"><bdi>978-0-802-87922-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Dispensationalism%3A+How+the+Evangelical+Battle+over+the+End+Times+Shaped+a+Nation&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-802-87922-6&rft.aulast=Hummel&rft.aufirst=Daniel+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKidd2007" class="citation cs2">Kidd, Thomas S (2007), The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America, Yale University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Awakening%3A+The+Roots+of+Evangelical+Christianity+in+Colonial+America&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kidd&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnox1950" class="citation cs2">Knox, Ronald (1950), Enthusiasm: a Chapter in the History of Religion, with Special Reference to the XVII and XVIII Centuries, Oxford, Eng: Oxford University Press, pp. viii</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enthusiasm%3A+a+Chapter+in+the+History+of+Religion%2C+with+Special+Reference+to+the+XVII+and+XVIII+Centuries&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Eng&rft.pages=viii&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">, 622 pp.</li> <li>Luhrmann, Tanya (2012) When God Talks Back-Understanding the American Evangelical Relationship with God, Knopf</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsden1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Marsden" title="George Marsden">Marsden, George M.</a> (1982). Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870–1925. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195030839" title="Special:BookSources/9780195030839"><bdi>9780195030839</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentalism+and+American+Culture%3A+The+Shaping+of+Twentieth-Century+Evangelicalism%2C+1870%E2%80%931925&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780195030839&rft.aulast=Marsden&rft.aufirst=George+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsden1987" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/George_Marsden" title="George Marsden">Marsden, George M.</a> (1987), Reforming Fundamentalism: Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reforming+Fundamentalism%3A+Fuller+Seminary+and+the+New+Evangelicalism&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Marsden&rft.aufirst=George+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoll1992" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Noll" title="Mark Noll">Noll, Mark A.</a> (1992), A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, pp. 311–89, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-0651-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-0651-1"><bdi>0-8028-0651-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Christianity+in+the+United+States+and+Canada&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pages=311-89&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8028-0651-1&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNollBebbingtonRawlyk1994" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Noll" title="Mark Noll">Noll, Mark A</a>; Bebbington, David W; Rawlyk, George A, eds. (1994), Evangelicalism: Comparative Studies of Popular Protestantism in North America, the British Isles and Beyond, 1700–1990</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelicalism%3A+Comparative+Studies+of+Popular+Protestantism+in+North+America%2C+the+British+Isles+and+Beyond%2C+1700%E2%80%931990&rft.date=1994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierard1979" class="citation cs2">Pierard, Richard V. (1979), "The Quest For the Historical Evangelicalism: A Bibliographical Excursus", <a href="/wiki/Fides_et_Historia" title="Fides et Historia">Fides et Historia</a>, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 60–72</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fides+et+Historia&rft.atitle=The+Quest+For+the+Historical+Evangelicalism%3A+A+Bibliographical+Excursus&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=60-72&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Pierard&rft.aufirst=Richard+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice1986" class="citation cs2">Price, Robert M. (1986), "Neo-Evangelicals and Scripture: A Forgotten Period of Ferment", Christian Scholars Review, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 315–30</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Scholars+Review&rft.atitle=Neo-Evangelicals+and+Scripture%3A+A+Forgotten+Period+of+Ferment&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=315-30&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawlykNoll1993" class="citation cs2">Rawlyk, George A; Noll, Mark A, eds. (1993), Amazing Grace: Evangelicalism in Australia, Britain, Canada, and the United States</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazing+Grace%3A+Evangelicalism+in+Australia%2C+Britain%2C+Canada%2C+and+the+United+States&rft.date=1993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves2022" class="citation cs2">Reeves, Michael (2022), Gospel People: A Call for Evangelical Integrity, Wheaton, IL.: Crossway, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-7293-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-7293-7"><bdi>978-1-4335-7293-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gospel+People%3A+A+Call+for+Evangelical+Integrity&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+IL.&rft.pub=Crossway&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-4335-7293-7&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer2011" class="citation cs2">Schafer, Axel R (2011), Countercultural Conservatives: American Evangelicalism From the Postwar Revival to the New Christian Right, U. of Wisconsin Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Countercultural+Conservatives%3A+American+Evangelicalism+From+the+Postwar+Revival+to+the+New+Christian+Right&rft.pub=U.+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Axel+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">, 225 pp; covers evangelical politics from the 1940s to the 1990s that examines how a diverse, politically pluralistic movement became, largely, the Christian Right.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1957" class="citation cs2">Smith, Timothy L (1957), Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revivalism+and+Social+Reform%3A+American+Protestantism+on+the+Eve+of+the+Civil+War&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Timothy+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStackhouse1993" class="citation cs2">Stackhouse, John G (1993), Canadian Evangelicalism in the Twentieth Century</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Evangelicalism+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Stackhouse&rft.aufirst=John+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sutton, Matthew Avery. American Apocalypse: A history of modern evangelicalism (2014)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUtzinger2006" class="citation cs2">Utzinger, J. Michael (2006), Yet Saints Their Watch Are Keeping: Fundamentalists, Modernists, and the Development of Evangelical Ecclesiology, 1887–1937, Macon: Mercer University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-902-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-902-8"><bdi>0-86554-902-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yet+Saints+Their+Watch+Are+Keeping%3A+Fundamentalists%2C+Modernists%2C+and+the+Development+of+Evangelical+Ecclesiology%2C+1887%E2%80%931937&rft.place=Macon&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-86554-902-8&rft.aulast=Utzinger&rft.aufirst=J.+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2006" class="citation cs2">Ward, W. R. (2006), Early Evangelicalism: A Global Intellectual History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521158125" title="Special:BookSources/0521158125"><bdi>0521158125</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Evangelicalism%3A+A+Global+Intellectual+History&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0521158125&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=W.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiggerHatch2001" class="citation cs2">Wigger, John H; Hatch, Nathan O, eds. (2001), Methodism and the Shaping of American Culture</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Methodism+and+the+Shaping+of+American+Culture&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2013" class="citation cs2">Wright, Bradley (March 21, 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patheos.com/blogs/blackwhiteandgray/2013/03/what-exactly-is-evangelical-christianity/">What, exactly, is Evangelical Christianity?</a>, series on Evangelical Christianity in America, Patheos (Black, White and Gray blog)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%2C+exactly%2C+is+Evangelical+Christianity%3F&rft.series=series+on+Evangelical+Christianity+in+America&rft.pub=Patheos+%28Black%2C+White+and+Gray+blog%29&rft.date=2013-03-21&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patheos.com%2Fblogs%2Fblackwhiteandgray%2F2013%2F03%2Fwhat-exactly-is-evangelical-christianity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missions">Missions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Missions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1998" class="citation cs2">Anderson, Gerald H, ed. (1998), Biographical dictionary of Christian missions, Simon & Schuster Macmillan</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+dictionary+of+Christian+missions&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster+Macmillan&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBainbridge1882" class="citation cs2">Bainbridge, William F (1882), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fZ5FAAAAIAAJ">Around the World Tour of Christian Missions: A Universal Survey</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Around+the+World+Tour+of+Christian+Missions%3A+A+Universal+Survey&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Bainbridge&rft.aufirst=William+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfZ5FAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">, 583 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett1982" class="citation cs2">Barrett, David, ed. (1982), World Christian Encyclopedia, Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Christian+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2011" class="citation cs2">Brown, Candy Gunther, ed. (2011), Global Pentecostal and Charismatic Healing (essays by scholars on different countries), Oxford UP</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Pentecostal+and+Charismatic+Healing&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft.date=2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">, 400 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtherington2008" class="citation cs2">Etherington, Norman, ed. (2008), Missions and Empire, Oxford History of the British Empire Companion</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missions+and+Empire&rft.series=Oxford+History+of+the+British+Empire+Companion&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaileyCulbertson2007" class="citation cs2">Gailey, Charles R; Culbertson, Howard (2007), Discovering Missions, Kansas City: Beacon Hill Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+Missions&rft.place=Kansas+City&rft.pub=Beacon+Hill+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Gailey&rft.aufirst=Charles+R&rft.au=Culbertson%2C+Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGloverKane1960" class="citation cs2">Glover, Robert H; Kane, J Herbert (1960), The Progress of World-Wide Missions, Harper & Row</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Progress+of+World-Wide+Missions&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Glover&rft.aufirst=Robert+H&rft.au=Kane%2C+J+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchison1987" class="citation cs2">Hutchison, William R (1987), Errand to the World: American Protestant Thought and Foreign Missions</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Errand+to+the+World%3A+American+Protestant+Thought+and+Foreign+Missions&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Hutchison&rft.aufirst=William+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2011" class="citation cs2">Jenkins, Philip (2011), The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity (3rd ed.), Oxford UP</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Next+Christendom%3A+The+Coming+of+Global+Christianity&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane1982" class="citation cs2">Kane, J. Herbert (1982), A Concise History of the Christian World Mission, Baker</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+the+Christian+World+Mission&rft.pub=Baker&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=J.+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoschorke2007" class="citation cs2">Koschorke, Klaus (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dbq6fkyp698C">A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1450–1990: A Documentary Sourcebook</a> (Google Books), et al., Wm. B. Eerdmans, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802828897" title="Special:BookSources/9780802828897"><bdi>9780802828897</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Christianity+in+Asia%2C+Africa%2C+and+Latin+America%2C+1450%E2%80%931990%3A+A+Documentary+Sourcebook&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780802828897&rft.aulast=Koschorke&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddbq6fkyp698C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatourette" class="citation cs2">Latourette, Kenneth Scott, A History of the Expansion of Christianity, (1938–45) (detailed scholarly history)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Expansion+of+Christianity%2C+%281938%E2%80%9345%29&rft.aulast=Latourette&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">, 7 volumes.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreau2000" class="citation cs2">Moreau, A. Scott (2000), Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions, et al, Baker</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelical+Dictionary+of+World+Missions&rft.pub=Baker&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Moreau&rft.aufirst=A.+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeill1986" class="citation cs2">Neill, Stephen (1986), A History of Christian Missions, Penguin</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Christian+Missions&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Neill&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewcomb1860" class="citation cs2">Newcomb, Harvey (1860), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ob8Ix77t5cEC">A Cyclopedia of Missions: Containing a Comprehensive View of Missionary Operations Throughout the World with Geographical Descriptions, and Accounts of the Social, Moral, and Religious Condition of the People</a> (Google Books)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cyclopedia+of+Missions%3A+Containing+a+Comprehensive+View+of+Missionary+Operations+Throughout+the+World+with+Geographical+Descriptions%2C+and+Accounts+of+the+Social%2C+Moral%2C+and+Religious+Condition+of+the+People&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Newcomb&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOb8Ix77t5cEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">, 792 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPocockvan_RheenenMcConnell2005" class="citation cs2">Pocock, Michael; van Rheenen, Gailyn; McConnell, Douglas (2005), The Changing Face of World Missions: Engaging Contemporary Issues and Trends</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Changing+Face+of+World+Missions%3A+Engaging+Contemporary+Issues+and+Trends&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Pocock&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=van+Rheenen%2C+Gailyn&rft.au=McConnell%2C+Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">; 391 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShenk2004" class="citation cs2">Shenk, Wilbert R, ed. (2004), North American Foreign Missions, 1810–1914: Theology, Theory, and Policy</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+American+Foreign+Missions%2C+1810%E2%80%931914%3A+Theology%2C+Theory%2C+and+Policy&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">. 349 pp; important essays by scholars.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTejirianSimon2012" class="citation cs2">Tejirian, Eleanor H; Simon, Reeva Spector, eds. (2012), Conflict, Conquest, and Conversion: Two Thousand Years of Christian Missions in the Middle East, Columbia University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict%2C+Conquest%2C+and+Conversion%3A+Two+Thousand+Years+of+Christian+Missions+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">, 280 pp; focus on the 19th and 20th centuries.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2004" class="citation cs2">Tucker, Ruth (2004), From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Jerusalem+to+Irian+Jaya&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker1988" class="citation cs2">——— (1988), Guardians of the Great Commission</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guardians+of+the+Great+Commission&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelicalism&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/evangelist" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:evangelist">evangelist</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/evangelical" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:evangelical">evangelical</a>, or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/evangelicalism" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:evangelicalism">evangelicalism</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Evangelical_Christianity" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Evangelical Christianity">Evangelical Christianity</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020806201711/http://www.wheaton.edu/isae/">Institute for the Study of American Evangelicalism</a>, Wheaton College, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wheaton.edu/isae/">the original</a> on August 6, 2002, retrieved August 10, 2002</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institute+for+the+Study+of+American+Evangelicalism&rft.pub=Wheaton+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wheaton.edu%2Fisae%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2009" class="citation cs2">Spencer, Michael (March 10, 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0310/p09s01-coop.html">"The Coming Evangelical Collapse"</a>, The Christian Science Monitor</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=The+Coming+Evangelical+Collapse&rft.date=2009-03-10&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2009%2F0310%2Fp09s01-coop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714162256/http://www.neednotfret.com/content/view/211/47/">Modern Evangelical African Theologians: A Primer</a>, Need not fret, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neednotfret.com/content/view/211/47/">the original</a> on July 14, 2011, retrieved May 13, 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Evangelical+African+Theologians%3A+A+Primer&rft.pub=Need+not+fret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neednotfret.com%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F211%2F47%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.qantara.de/content/american-evangelicalism-and-islam-from-the-antichrist-to-the-mahdi">American Evangelicalism and Islam: From the Antichrist to the Mahdi</a>, Germany: Qantara, July 19, 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Evangelicalism+and+Islam%3A+From+the+Antichrist+to+the+Mahdi&rft.place=Germany&rft.pub=Qantara&rft.date=2010-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.qantara.de%2Fcontent%2Famerican-evangelicalism-and-islam-from-the-antichrist-to-the-mahdi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operationworld.org/">Operation World</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operation+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operationworld.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> – Statistics from around the world including numbers of Evangelicals by country.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150314235558/http://worldea.org/">World Evangelical Alliance</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldea.org//">the original</a> on March 14, 2015, retrieved March 15, 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Evangelical+Alliance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldea.org%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> (WEA)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903223516/http://fullermag.com/issue/issue-two/">FULLER Magazine Issue No. 2 – Evangelical</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fullermag.com/issue/issue-two/">the original</a> on September 3, 2015, retrieved September 2, 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FULLER+Magazine+Issue+No.+2+%E2%80%93+Evangelical&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffullermag.com%2Fissue%2Fissue-two%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelicalism" class="Z3988"> – An exploration of what it means to be Evangelical</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Christianity" title="Template:History of Christianity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Christianity" title="Template talk:History of Christianity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Christianity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Christianity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Christianity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History of Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">Spread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">2nd and 3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_4th_century" title="Christianity in the 4th century">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_5th_century" title="Christianity in the 5th century">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_6th_century" title="Christianity in the 6th century">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_7th_century" title="Christianity in the 7th century">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_8th_century" title="Christianity in the 8th century">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_9th_century" title="Christianity in the 9th century">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_10th_century" title="Christianity in the 10th century">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_11th_century" title="Christianity in the 11th century">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_12th_century" title="Christianity in the 12th century">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_13th_century" title="Christianity in the 13th century">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_14th_century" title="Christianity in the 14th century">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_15th_century" title="Christianity in the 15th century">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_16th_century" title="Christianity in the 16th century">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_17th_century" title="Christianity in the 17th century">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_18th_century" title="Christianity in the 18th century">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_19th_century" title="Christianity in the 19th century">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_20th_century" title="Christianity in the 20th century">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_21st_century" title="Christianity in the 21st century">21st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins and Apostolic Age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Christian">Jewish Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">General epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_in_early_Christian_theology" title="Diversity in early Christian theology">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">Adoptionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">Docetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donatism" title="Donatism">Donatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">Canon development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Roman_Africa_province" title="Christianity in the Roman Africa province">Early African</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinian_shift" title="Constantinian shift">Constantinian shift</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">Roman state religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Constantinople I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Ephesus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Non-Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Non-Chalcedonian Christianity">Non-Chalcedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">Papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Development of primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_opposition_to_papal_supremacy" title="Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy">Eastern Orthodox opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Lateran IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_patronage_of_Julius_II" title="Art patronage of Julius II">Art patronage of Julius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Xavier</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Monastery dissolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_rock" title="Mass rock">Mass rocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priest_hole" title="Priest hole">priest holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism#Neo-Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Neo-Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">Vatican I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesial_community" title="Ecclesial community">Ecclesial community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Christianity" title="History of Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="History of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon#History" title="Icon">Icons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iconodulism" title="Iconodulism">Iconodulism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Armenia" title="Christianization of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_history" title="Coptic history">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_America" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in North America">North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_the_Germanic_peoples" title="Christianisation of the Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Franks" title="Christianization of the Franks">Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Christianity" title="Gothic Christianity">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Scandinavia" title="Christianization of Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iceland" title="Christianization of Iceland">Iceland</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Slavs" title="Christianization of the Slavs">Slavs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bohemia" title="Christianization of Bohemia">Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Moravia" title="Christianization of Moravia">Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Poland" title="Christianization of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Pomerania" title="Christianization of Pomerania">Pomerania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Church" title="Bosnian Church">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Cathars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Brethren" title="Apostolic Brethren">Apostolic Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulcinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulcinian">Dulcinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism#Early_Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Early Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Christian mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)" title="Five Ways (Aquinas)">Five Ways</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wycliffe" title="John Wycliffe">Wycliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Papal Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Reformation" title="Bohemian Reformation">Bohemian Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Hus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliarism" title="Conciliarism">Conciliarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">Synods</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Protestantism" title="History of Protestantism">Protestantism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Calvinist%E2%80%93Arminian_debate" title="History of the Calvinist–Arminian debate">Calvinist–Arminian debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation#Politics" title="Counter-Reformation">Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_theory_in_the_Early_Modern_period#Christian_resistance_theories_of_the_early_modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistance theory in the Early Modern period">Resistance theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state#Reformation" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemite" title="Nicodemite">Nicodemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymnody_of_continental_Europe" title="Hymnody of continental Europe">Hymnody of continental Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_and_material_principles_of_theology" title="Formal and material principles of theology">Formal and material principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" title="Law and Gospel">Law and Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reformation_literature" title="Template:Reformation literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_work_ethic" title="Protestant work ethic">Protestant work ethic</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lutheranism" title="History of Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ninety-five_Theses" title="Ninety-five Theses">Ninety-five Theses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Worms" title="Diet of Worms">Diet of Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Martin_Luther" title="Theology of Martin Luther">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Bible" title="Luther Bible">Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_union" title="Sacramental union">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Reformed_Christianity" title="History of Reformed Christianity">Calvinism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Zwingli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_points_of_Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Five points of Calvinism">TULIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_baptismal_theology" title="Reformed baptismal theology">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Dort" title="Synod of Dort">Dort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Forms_of_Unity" title="Three Forms of Unity">Three Forms of Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Assembly" title="Westminster Assembly">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_orthodoxy" title="Reformed orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrical_psalter" title="Metrical psalter">Metrical psalters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Anglicanism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_English_Reformation" title="Timeline of the English Reformation">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Cranmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement" title="Elizabethan Religious Settlement">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">39 Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Church music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_theology" title="Anabaptist theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Grebel" title="Conrad Grebel">Grebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Brethren" title="Swiss Brethren">Swiss Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs%27_Synod" title="Martyrs' Synod">Martyrs' Synod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menno_Simons" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smyth_(English_theologian)" title="John Smyth (English theologian)">Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausbund" title="Ausbund">Ausbund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">1640–1789</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_revival" title="Christian revival">Revivalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Missionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptists_in_the_history_of_separation_of_church_and_state" title="Baptists in the history of separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_toleration#Early_modern_period" title="Edict of toleration">Edicts of toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerism" title="Millerism">Millerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merton_thesis" title="Merton thesis">Fostering of early experimental science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Neo-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Lutherans" title="Old Lutherans">Old Lutherans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">1789–present</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">Camp meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="History of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="History of the Latter Day Saint movement">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestadianism" title="Laestadianism">Laestadianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awakening_(Finnish_religious_movement)" title="Awakening (Finnish religious movement)">Finnish Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Christian existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Great_Awakening" title="Third Great Awakening">Third Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist%E2%80%93Modernist_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy">Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_solae" title="Five solae">Five solae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Charismatic Movement">Charismatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_epistemology" title="Reformed epistemology">Reformed epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Great_Awakening" title="Fourth Great Awakening">Fourth Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evangelical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline</a> Protestants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_influence_of_Evangelicalism_in_Latin_America" title="Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America">Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christian_missions" title="Timeline of Christian missions">Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_martyrs" title="List of Christian martyrs">Martyrs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="History of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Protestantism" title="History of Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this 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Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Evangelicalism in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evangelicalism in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Evangelicalism in the United States">Evangelicalism in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Baptist" title="Independent Baptist">Independent Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Baptists" title="Missionary Baptists">Missionary Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_Church_Network" title="Venture Church Network">Conservative Baptist Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Will_Baptist" title="Free Will Baptist">Free Will Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Association_of_Regular_Baptist_Churches" title="General Association of Regular Baptist Churches">General Association of Regular Baptist Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_%E2%80%93_Missouri_Synod" title="Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_America" title="Presbyterian Church in America">Presbyterian Church in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_USA" title="Assemblies of God USA">Assemblies of God USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Cleveland,_Tennessee)" title="Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)">Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foursquare_Church" title="Foursquare Church">Foursquare Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Pentecostal Church of God">Pentecostal Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Holiness_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal Holiness Church">Pentecostal Holiness Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Pentecostal">Apostolic Pentecostal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_churches_and_churches_of_Christ" title="Christian churches and churches of Christ">Christian churches and churches of Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congregationalism" title="Congregationalism">Congregationalist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Congregational_Christian_Conference" title="Conservative Congregational Christian Conference">Conservative Congregational Christian Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Church" title="Wesleyan Church">Wesleyan Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Anderson,_Indiana)" title="Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)">Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Higher_Life_movement" title="Higher Life movement">Keswickian family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_and_Missionary_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian and Missionary Alliance">Christian and Missionary Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Church_in_North_America" title="Christian Reformed Church in North America">Christian Reformed Church in North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vineyard_Churches" title="Association of Vineyard Churches">Association of Vineyard Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Chapel_Association" title="Calvary Chapel Association">Calvary Chapel Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Statement_on_Biblical_Inerrancy" title="Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy">Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist%E2%80%93modernist_controversy" title="Fundamentalist–modernist controversy">Fundamentalist–modernist controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cane_Ridge_Revival" title="Cane Ridge Revival">Cane Ridge Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Great_Awakening" title="Third Great Awakening">Third Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Great_Awakening" title="Fourth Great Awakening">Fourth Great Awakening</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_revival" title="Healing revival">Healing revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Crusade_(1949)" title="Los Angeles Crusade (1949)">Los Angeles Crusade (1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_1800" title="Revival of 1800">Revival of 1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thought</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_by_fire" title="Baptism by fire">Baptism by fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_with_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Baptism with the Holy Spirit">Baptism with the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believers%27_Church" title="Believers' Church">Believers' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Biblical literalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">Biblical inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_patriarchy" title="Biblical patriarchy">Biblical patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_womanhood" title="Biblical womanhood">Biblical womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_abortion" title="Christianity and abortion">Christianity and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_theology" title="Decision theology">Decision theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_theology" title="Evangelical theology">Evangelical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Gospel" title="Full Gospel">Full Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_theology" title="Kingdom theology">Kingdom theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiverfull" title="Quiverfull">Quiverfull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_work_of_grace" title="Second work of grace">Second work of grace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_call" title="Altar call">Altar call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship" title="Contemporary worship">Contemporary worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship_music" title="Contemporary worship music">Contemporary worship music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourner%27s_bench" title="Mourner's bench">Mourner's bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_warrior" title="Prayer warrior">Prayer warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_meeting" title="Revival meeting">Revival meeting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">Camp meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_revival" title="Tent revival">Tent revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinner%27s_prayer" title="Sinner's prayer">Sinner's prayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_church" title="Bible church">Bible church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megachurch" title="Megachurch">Megachurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televangelism" title="Televangelism">Televangelism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic-Prophetic_Movement" title="Apostolic-Prophetic Movement">Apostolic-Prophetic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bapticostal_movement" title="Bapticostal movement">Bapticostal movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Christian fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exvangelical" title="Exvangelical">Exvangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-evangelicalism" title="Post-evangelicalism">Post-evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Reformation" title="New Apostolic Reformation">New Apostolic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-Letter_Christians" title="Red-Letter Christians">Red-Letter Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Mountain_Mandate" title="Seven Mountain Mandate">Seven Mountain Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformational_Christianity" title="Transformational Christianity">Transformational Christianity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Biblical_Manhood_and_Womanhood" title="Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood">Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Climate_Initiative" title="Evangelical Climate Initiative">Evangelical Climate Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_and_Ecumenical_Women%27s_Caucus" title="Evangelical and Ecumenical Women's Caucus">Evangelical and Ecumenical Women's Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary" title="Fuller Theological Seminary">Fuller Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody_Bible_Institute" title="Moody Bible Institute">Moody Bible Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Evangelicals" title="National Association of Evangelicals">National Association of Evangelicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Broadcasters" title="National Religious Broadcasters">National Religious Broadcasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promise_Keepers" title="Promise Keepers">Promise Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vision_United_States" title="World Vision United States">World Vision United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_for_Christ" title="Youth for Christ">Youth for Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson" title="Aimee Semple McPherson">Aimee Semple McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Sunday" title="Billy Sunday">Billy Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._I._Scofield" title="C. I. Scofield">C. I. Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grandison_Finney" title="Charles Grandison Finney">Charles Grandison Finney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_L._Moody" title="Dwight L. Moody">Dwight L. Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Graham" title="Franklin Graham">Franklin Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Jerry Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_topics" title="Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_topics" title="Template talk:Religion topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religious_groups_and_denominations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religious groups and denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelder Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement#Associated_Bible_Students" title="Bible Student movement">Associated Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Bible_Students" title="Free Bible Students">Free Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Kitawala" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Kitawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laymen%27s_Home_Missionary_Movement" title="Laymen's Home Missionary Movement">Laymen's Home Missionary Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernist Salafism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Illahism" title="Ali-Illahism">Ali-Illahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishikism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism" title="Kurdish Alevism">Kurdish Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdawi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdawi movement">Mahdavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milah_Abraham" title="Milah Abraham">Milah Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azali" title="Azali">Azalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm-e-Khshnoom" title="Ilm-e-Khshnoom">Ilm-e-Khshnoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism/Uatsdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshani_movement" title="Roshani movement">Roshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvationist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_sects_and_schools" title="Shinto sects and schools">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Đạo Mẫu">Đạo Mẫu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapatya" title="Ganapatya">Ganapatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumaram" title="Kaumaram">Kaumaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_(Hinduism)" title="Saura (Hinduism)">Sauraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Neo-Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Thiền</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Amidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Neo-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_people#Religion" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda#Religion" title="Vedda">Vedda religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_creation_myth" title="Tungusic creation myth">Tungusic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenks#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarna_(place)" title="Sarna (place)">Sarnaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Batak Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Religion_and_festivals" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sabahan_religions" title="Traditional Sabahan religions">Traditional Sabahan religions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Karo Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_folk_religion" title="Malaysian folk religion">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">Philippine Dayawism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagalog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Sumbese Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sundanese Wiwitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe#Spiritual_beliefs" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache#Religion" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">Californian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)" title="Kuksu (religion)">Kuksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_religion" title="Pomo religion">Pomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_religion" title="Crow religion">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mothers_Society" title="Four Mothers Society">Four Mothers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people#Religion" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muscogee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyandot religion">Wyandot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples#Religion" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_religion" title="Purépecha religion">Purépecha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo#Spiritual_and_religious_beliefs" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_mythology" title="Nuu-chah-nulth mythology">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_religion" title="Pueblo religion">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo#Religion" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux#Religion" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_religion" title="Lakota religion">Lakota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_mythology" title="Tsimshian mythology">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_mythology" title="Ute mythology">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions#Washat_Dreamers_Religion" title="Native American religions">Washat Dreamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui#Yaqui_cosmology_and_religion" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Hmongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_(religion)" title="Mo (religion)">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Satsana Phi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" title="Burmese folk religion">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathouism" title="Bathouism">Bathouism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Bongthingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba" title="Dongba">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Guanche church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Sub-Saharan African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluba mythology">Baluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushongo mythology">Bushongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_religion" title="Dinka religion">Dinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon religion">Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotuko mythology">Lotuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_mythology" title="Lozi mythology">Lozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_religion" title="San religion">San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" title="Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waaqeffanna" title="Waaqeffanna">Waaqeffanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Diasporic</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Siberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meivazhi" title="Meivazhi">Meivazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modekngei" title="Modekngei">Modekngei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roerichism" title="Roerichism">Roerichism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensegrity_(Castaneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensegrity (Castaneda)">Tensegrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">White Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern paganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Circassian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism (modern religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Italo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Authentism" title="Russian Authentism">Authentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">De novo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_religions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">Historical religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Old Prussian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuegians#Spiritual_culture" title="Fuegians">Fuegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation#Religion" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Harappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_religion" title="Hurrian religion">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederacy#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Confederacy">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Jamaican Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Indigenous_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Indigenous religion">Nauruan Indigenous religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian mythology">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era#Culture_and_religion" title="Basketmaker III Era">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo II Period">Pueblo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo III Period">Pueblo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo IV Period">Pueblo IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cult of Magna Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_religion" title="Punic religion">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_religion" title="Tongan religion">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu#Religion" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization#Religion_and_Myth" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" title="Religious disaffiliation">Disaffiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_behaviour" title="Religious behaviour">Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belief#Religion" title="Belief">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_to_prayer" title="Call to prayer">Call to prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(religion)" title="Covenant (religion)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">Denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship" title="Fire worship">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopraxy" title="Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains" title="Sacred mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tree" title="Sacred tree">Trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" title="Religious views on truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_religion" title="Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neurotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">Soteriology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">Religion and society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_assimilation" title="Religious assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">National church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">National religiosity levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiocentrism" title="Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deconstruction" title="Positive deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Overviews and <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion-related_lists" title="Category:Religion-related lists">lists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_been_considered_deities" title="List of people who have been considered deities">Deification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founders_of_religious_traditions" title="List of founders of religious traditions">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" title="Index of religion-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings" title="List of largest peaceful gatherings">Mass gatherings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_religion" title="Outline of religion">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Angola" title="Religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Benin" title="Religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi" title="Religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cameroon" title="Religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Religion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eritrea" title="Religion in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Gambia" title="Religion in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea" title="Religion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Religion in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lesotho" title="Religion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liberia" title="Religion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madagascar" title="Religion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mali" title="Religion in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritania" title="Religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Morocco" title="Religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Namibia" title="Religion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niger" title="Religion in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Rwanda" title="Religion in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Seychelles" title="Religion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Religion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Sudan" title="Religion in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Togo" title="Religion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tunisia" title="Religion in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda" title="Religion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zambia" title="Religion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_East_Timor" title="Religion in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Religion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Religion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Luxembourg" title="Religion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_San_Marino" title="Religion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_America" title="Religion in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Religion in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Bahamas" title="Religion in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Barbados" title="Religion in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belize" title="Religion in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Costa_Rica" title="Religion in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Dominica" title="Religion in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guatemala" title="Religion in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Honduras" title="Religion in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Religion in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mexico" title="Religion in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nicaragua" title="Religion in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Panama" title="Religion in 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href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_America" title="Religion in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Argentina" title="Religion in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bolivia" title="Religion in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a 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[\"CITEREFBebbington2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBebbington2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBebbington2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennett2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBesmond_de_Senneville2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirmanLeite2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBragaTrubb1932\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBryan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurdick2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaillou2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarpenter1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarpenter1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCase2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChesnut1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChesnut1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDayton1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDershowitz2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDudley2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDyckBenner2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEckholm2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdger2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllingsen1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEtherington2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEverdell2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerguson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFindlay1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreston2004\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFuller1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaileyCulbertson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarrard-Burnett\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarrard-Burnett2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerstner1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGloverKane1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGove1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarries1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayfordMoore2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilton2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHimmelstein1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHindmarsh2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffecker1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHummel2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutchison1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobHeesWaniezBrustlein2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkins2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKane1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanePark2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKantzer1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKidd2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKidd2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKisker2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnox1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoschorke2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarsenTreier2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLatourette\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLatourette1943\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLatourette1945\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLeonard1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLimbaugh2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLivingstone2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLondono2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLongfield2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLovelace2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuo2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacMaster2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsden1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsden1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsden1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsdenSvelmoe2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAlister2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcElroy2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKibben2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilne2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohler2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoreau2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMullett1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeill1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewcomb1860\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoll1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoll2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNollBebbingtonRawlyk1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOhlmann1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPakendorf2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierard1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPocockvan_RheenenMcConnell2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrice1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPuzynin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandall2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRanger2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRawlykNoll1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReeves2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReimer2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobeck_Jr.Yong2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoger_E._Olson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyu2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamuel_P._Huntington2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSawyer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchafer2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShantz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShenk2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShields2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithMasci2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnead2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpencer2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStackhouse1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanley2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStout1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSukman2004\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSweeney2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSweet1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSweetnam2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTejirianSimon2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTesta1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThatcher2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomkins2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomlinson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrueman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucker1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucker2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUtzinger2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaldman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWard2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWard2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeed2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiggerHatch2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkinson1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliam_Danker1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliam_Richards1812\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWingfield2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinn2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitvliet2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolffe2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorthen2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYates2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_Dijk1992\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 5,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 6,\n [\"Christian History\"] = 1,\n [\"Christianity\"] = 1,\n [\"Christianity footer\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 106,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 48,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 44,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 3,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 2,\n [\"Dubious\"] = 4,\n [\"Evangelical Protestantism in the United States\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 6,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvtxt\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 16,\n [\"Main\"] = 8,\n [\"NoteFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"Oed\"] = 1,\n [\"Ordered list\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Protestantism\"] = 1,\n [\"Quantify\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Religion topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 3,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 75,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreliable source?\"] = 2,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 28,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","360","20.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","19.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","220","12.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","140","8.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","120","6.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","80","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","3.4"],["newFrame \u003Cmw.lua:153\u003E","60","3.4"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","40","2.3"],["[others]","280","15.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-85d7894b9c-2xht9","timestamp":"20241126225949","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Evangelicalism","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelicalism","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q194253","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q194253","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-01-05T19:19:38Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T22:59:34Z","headline":"Evangelical Christian movement"}</script> </body> </html>