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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bohai_Strait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bohai_Strait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bohai Strait</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bohai_Strait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Major ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_cities_along_the_Bohai_Sea_coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_cities_along_the_Bohai_Sea_coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Major cities along the Bohai Sea coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_cities_along_the_Bohai_Sea_coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrocarbon_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrocarbon_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hydrocarbon resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrocarbon_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunnel_crossing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunnel_crossing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tunnel crossing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunnel_crossing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bohai Sea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="بحر بوهاي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بحر بوهاي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Bohai" title="Mar de Bohai – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar de Bohai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxayvan" title="Boxayvan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Boxayvan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%CC%8Dt-h%C3%A1i" title="Pu̍t-hái – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pu̍t-hái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%9E" title="Бахайскі заліў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бахайскі заліў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бохайско море – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бохайско море" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohajsko_more" title="Bohajsko more – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bohajsko more" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Hai" title="Bo Hai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bo Hai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Wan" title="Bohai Wan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bohai Wan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochajsk%C3%A9_mo%C5%99e" title="Pochajské moře – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pochajské moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Bohai" title="Môr Bohai – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Môr Bohai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohaihavet" title="Bohaihavet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bohaihavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_von_Bohai" title="Golf von Bohai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Golf von Bohai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Hai" title="Bo Hai – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bo Hai" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Bohai" title="Mar de Bohai – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar de Bohai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohaj-maro" title="Bohaj-maro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bohaj-maro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_itsasoa" title="Bohai itsasoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bohai itsasoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="دریای بوهای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای بوهای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfe_de_Bohai" title="Golfe de Bohai – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Golfe de Bohai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohaisee" title="Bohaisee – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bohaisee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Bohai" title="Mar de Bohai – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar de Bohai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%B4" title="보하이해 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보하이해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="बोहाई सागर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोहाई सागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohajsko_more" title="Bohajsko more – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bohajsko more" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_Bohai" title="Baybay Bohai – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baybay Bohai" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Bohai" title="Laut Bohai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Bohai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3ha%C3%ADhaf" title="Bóhaíhaf – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bóhaíhaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_di_Bohai" title="Mare di Bohai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mare di Bohai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99" title="ים בוהאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ים בוהאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბოხაივანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოხაივანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Bohai" title="Bahari ya Bohai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Bohai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Bohaiense" title="Mare Bohaiense – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mare Bohaiense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_j%C5%ABra" title="Bohai jūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bohai jūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohajaus_%C4%AFlanka" title="Bohajaus įlanka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bohajaus įlanka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohaj-tenger" title="Pohaj-tenger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pohaj-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бохајско Море – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бохајско Море" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="बोहाय समुद्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बोहाय समुद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბოხაივანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბოხაივანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="پوهای دریو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پوهای دریو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Bohai" title="Laut Bohai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Bohai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%8Fk-h%C4%81i" title="Buŏk-hāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Buŏk-hāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Бохайн тэнгис – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бохайн тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_(zee)" title="Bohai (zee) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bohai (zee)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7_(%E6%B5%B7%E5%9F%9F)" title="渤海 (海域) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="渤海 (海域)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai" title="Bohai – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bohai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai" title="Bohai – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bohai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਬੋਹਾਈ ਸਾਗਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੋਹਾਈ ਸਾਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%83" title="សមុទ្របូហៃ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សមុទ្របូហៃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zatoka_Pohaj" title="Zatoka Pohaj – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zatoka Pohaj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Bohai" title="Mar de Bohai – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar de Bohai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Бохайвань – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бохайвань" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bohai Sea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bohai Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohajsko_morje" title="Bohajsko morje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bohajsko morje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бохајско море – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бохајско море" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohajsko_more" title="Bohajsko more – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bohajsko more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohainmeri" title="Bohainmeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bohainmeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai" title="Bohai – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bohai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" title="ทะเลปั๋วไห่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลปั๋วไห่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Denizi" title="Bohai Denizi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bohai Denizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Бохайвань – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бохайвань" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="بحیرہ بوہای – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ بوہای" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99t_H%E1%BA%A3i_(bi%E1%BB%83n)" title="Bột Hải (biển) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bột Hải (biển)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="渤海 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="渤海" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Bohai" title="Dagat Bohai – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dagat Bohai" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="渤海 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="渤海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="渤海 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="渤海" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bohai_Sea&params=38.7_N_119.9_E_dim:200000_region:CN_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">119°54′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.7°N 119.9°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.7; 119.9</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">The innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea and Korea Bay on the coast of Northeastern and North China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Bay" title="Bohai Bay">Bohai Bay</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bohai_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bohai (disambiguation)">Bohai (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Bohai Sea</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bohai_Sea_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bohai_Sea_map.png/220px-Bohai_Sea_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bohai_Sea_map.png/330px-Bohai_Sea_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bohai_Sea_map.png/440px-Bohai_Sea_map.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="903" /></a></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:渤海">渤海</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Bó Hǎi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Po<sup>2</sup> hai<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[pwǒ.xàɪ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Poh<sup>平</sup> hae<sup>平</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Buht hói</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">But<sup>6</sup> hoi<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Phu̍t hái</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bohai Sea</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">渤海</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bó Hǎi</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Bo Sea') is a <a href="/wiki/Gulf" title="Gulf">gulf</a>/<a href="/wiki/Inland_sea" title="Inland sea">inland sea</a> approximately 77,000 km<sup>2</sup> (30,000 sq mi) in area on the east coast of <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the northwestern and innermost extension of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>, to which it connects via the Bohai Strait. It has a mean depth of approximately 18 meters (59 ft), with a maximum depth of about 80 meters (260 ft) located in the northern part of the Bohai Strait.<sup id="cite_ref-BohaiSeaSedimentation_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BohaiSeaSedimentation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bohai Sea is enclosed by three <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">provinces</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">direct-administered municipality</a> from three different <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China" title="List of regions of China">regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>—<a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning Province</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin Municipality</a> (of <a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North China</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong Province</a> (of <a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East China</a>). It is the center of the <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a>, and its proximity to the Chinese capital of Beijing and the <a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">municipality</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> makes it one of the busiest seaways in the world. The entrance to the Bohai Sea is considered a part of the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial sea">territorial sea</a> of the People's Republic of China due to the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Changdao_County" title="Changdao County">Miaodao islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China declared the Bohai sea to be part of its inland waters in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohai_Sea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>, the Bohai Sea experienced numerous <a href="/wiki/Glacio-eustatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacio-eustatic">glacioeustatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_transgression" title="Marine transgression">transgressions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_regression" title="Marine regression">regressions</a>, as evidenced by sediment cores sampled from the seafloor showing fluvial floodplain conditions during intervals of low sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-BohaiSeaSedimentation_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BohaiSeaSedimentation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the early 20th century, Bo Hai was often called the Gulf of Zhili (Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">直隸海灣</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhílì Hǎiwān</span></i>) or Gulf of Beizhili (<span lang="zh-Hant">北直隸海灣</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Běizhílì Hǎiwān</span></i>). The <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanization systems</a> widely used in the West at the time rendered these names as variations of "Jili", "Chihli", "Pechihli", or "Pe-Chihli".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zhili" title="Zhili">Zhili</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Zhili" title="North Zhili">North Zhili</a> were historic provinces in an area surrounding Beijing that approximately corresponds to what is now Hebei Province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohai_Sea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three major bays inside the Bohai Gulf: <a href="/wiki/Laizhou_Bay" title="Laizhou Bay">Laizhou Bay</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Bay" title="Bohai Bay">Bohai Bay</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Bay" title="Liaodong Bay">Liaodong Bay</a> to the north. The <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">provincial-level administrative divisions</a> that have a coastline to the Bohai Sea are, from the south going clockwise: <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>, Hebei, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> (Tientsin), Hebei again, and <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>. Some of the major rivers draining into the gulf include the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiaoqing_River" title="Xiaoqing River">Xiaoqing River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hai_River" title="Hai River">Hai River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luan_River" title="Luan River">Luan River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dai_River_(Hebei)" title="Dai River (Hebei)">Dai River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daling_River" title="Daling River">Daling River</a>, Xiaoling River, <a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daliao_River" title="Daliao River">Daliao River</a>. There are a few important oil reserves in the vicinity of the gulf, including the <a href="/wiki/Shengli_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Shengli Field">Shengli Field</a>. Important islands or island groups in the gulf include the <a href="/wiki/Changshan_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Changshan Islands">Changshan Archipelago</a>, Juehua Island (<span lang="zh-Hans">觉华岛</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">覺華島</span>), <a href="/wiki/Bijia_Mountain" title="Bijia Mountain">Bijia Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changxing_Island_(Dalian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Changxing Island (Dalian)">Changxing Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xizhong_Island" title="Xizhong Island">Xizhong Island</a>, the East/West Mayi Islands (<span lang="zh-Hans">蚂蚁岛</span>), Zhu Island (<span lang="zh-Hans">猪岛</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">豬島</span>) and She Island (<span lang="zh-Hans">蛇岛</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">蛇島</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bohai_Strait">Bohai Strait</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohai_Sea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bohai Strait"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The opening of the Bohai Sea is bounded by the Changshan Archipelago between <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>'s <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshunkou District">Lüshunkou District</a> on the southern tip of <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">Cape</a> of <a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a> on the northernmost protrusion of <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a>. Due to its proximity to the capital city Beijing and the population of its surrounding provinces exceeding 210 million, the exit of the Bohai Gulf to the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>, the Bohai Strait (<span lang="zh-Hans">渤海海峡</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">渤海海峽</span>), has become one of busiest sea routes in recent times. Due to the <a href="/wiki/Changshan_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Changshan Islands">Changshan Island Chain</a> traversing the southern half of the strait, the strait is subdivided into several <a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">channels</a>: </p><p>(from north to south, the most commonly used ones in <b>bold</b>) </p> <ul><li><b>Laotieshan Channel</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">老铁山水道</span></span>), also known as the <b>Lau-ti-shan Channel</b>, is the widest and deepest</li> <li>Daqin Channel (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">大钦水道</span></span>)</li> <li>Xiaoqin Channel (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">小钦水道</span></span>)</li> <li>North Tuoji Channel (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">北砣矶水道</span></span>)</li> <li>South Tuoji Channel (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">南砣矶水道</span></span>)</li> <li><b>Changshan Channel</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">长山水道</span></span>), is the most direct route to <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><b>Dengzhou Channel</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">登州水道</span></span>), also known as the <b>Miaodao Channel</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">庙岛水道</span></span>) or <b>Miaodao Strait</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">庙岛海峡</span></span>), is the nearest to the shore but also the shallowest</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_ports">Major ports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohai_Sea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Major ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seaways_Plan_for_the_Bohai_Sea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seaways_Plan_for_the_Bohai_Sea.svg/450px-Seaways_Plan_for_the_Bohai_Sea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seaways_Plan_for_the_Bohai_Sea.svg/675px-Seaways_Plan_for_the_Bohai_Sea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seaways_Plan_for_the_Bohai_Sea.svg/900px-Seaways_Plan_for_the_Bohai_Sea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3414" data-file-height="1935" /></a><figcaption>China MSA's Seaways Plan for the Bohai Sea. Planned routes follow closely the seaways currently in use</figcaption></figure> <p>There are five major ports along the Bohai Sea rim, with throughputs over 100 million tons, though the port of Tangshan is further subdivided into Jingtang and Caofeidian: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Yingkou" title="Port of Yingkou">Port of Yingkou</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">营口港</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">營口港</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinhuangdao Port">Qinhuangdao Port</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">秦皇岛</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">秦皇島港</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Jingtang" title="Port of Jingtang">Port of Jingtang</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">京唐港</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tangshan" title="Port of Tangshan">Port of Tangshan</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">唐山港</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tangshan" title="Port of Tangshan">Port of Tangshan</a> Caofeidian (<span lang="zh-Hans">曹妃甸港</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tianjin" title="Port of Tianjin">Tianjin Port</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">天津港</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Huanghua" title="Port of Huanghua">Port of Huanghua</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">黄骅港</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">黃驊港</span>)</li></ul> <p>Caofeidian and Jingtang are usually treated as one port for statistical purposes. The ports of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Dalian" title="Port of Dalian">Dalian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Yantai" title="Port of Yantai">Yantai</a> are also traditionally considered part of the Bohai rim, even though strictly speaking they lie outside the limits of the sea. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Longkou" title="Port of Longkou">Port of Longkou</a> reached 70 million tons of cargo in 2013, and is expected to reach the 100 million ton landmark in the near future.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_cities_along_the_Bohai_Sea_coast">Major cities along the Bohai Sea coast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohai_Sea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Major cities along the Bohai Sea coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocky_shore_in_Dalian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Rocky_shore_in_Dalian.jpg/220px-Rocky_shore_in_Dalian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Rocky_shore_in_Dalian.jpg/330px-Rocky_shore_in_Dalian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Rocky_shore_in_Dalian.jpg/440px-Rocky_shore_in_Dalian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Rocky shore in <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, Liaoning</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianjin municipality">Tianjin municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrocarbon_resources">Hydrocarbon resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohai_Sea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hydrocarbon resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bohai Bay contains significant oil and gas reserves,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which provide much of China's offshore production. The main field in the region, named <a href="/wiki/Shengli_Oil_Field" title="Shengli Oil Field">Shengli</a>, has been exploited since the 1960s. It still produces about half a million barrels a day, but is <a href="/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil">declining</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production is dominated by Chinese majors (<a href="/wiki/China_National_Offshore_Oil_Corporation" title="China National Offshore Oil Corporation">China National Offshore Oil Corporation</a> (CNOOC) was mostly created for this region), but foreign companies, including <a href="/wiki/ConocoPhillips" title="ConocoPhillips">ConocoPhillips</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Roc_Oil_Company" title="Roc Oil Company">Roc Oil Company</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are present. The Gudao Field, located in the Zhanhua <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">sedimentary basin</a>, was discovered in 1968, based on gravity, magnetic and seismic surveys conducted between 1963 and 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-Sizhong_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sizhong-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reservoir includes the Guantao (<a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>) and Minghuazhen (<a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a>) <a href="/wiki/Geologic_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic formation">geologic formations</a> within the dome-like <a href="/wiki/Anticline" title="Anticline">anticline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sizhong_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sizhong-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Suizhong 36-1 Oil Field was discovered in 1987, and produces from <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Fluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">fluvial</a>-<a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">deltaic</a> and lacustrine <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gustavson_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gustavson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oil spills have been reported frequently in this region: three spills occurred in a two-month timeframe in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, CNOOC discovered a 100 million ton oilfield in Bohai Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tunnel_crossing">Tunnel crossing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohai_Sea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tunnel crossing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Strait_tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohai Strait tunnel">Bohai Strait tunnel</a></div> <p>In February 2011, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> announced that it would build a road and <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Strait_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohai Strait Tunnel">rail tunnel across the Bohai Strait</a> to connect the Liaodong and Shandong peninsulas. When completed, the tunnel would be 106 kilometers (66 mi) long, making it twice as long as the channel tunnel connecting England and France.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2013, a modified plan was announced, involving a 123-kilometer (76 mi)-long tunnel between <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, Liaoning and <a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a>, Shandong.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tunnel was first proposed by officials in Yantai in 1992, but a clear plan remained elusive. In 2019, construction had still not started, and the proposed cost had reached 300 billion yuan ($43 billion USD).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohai_Sea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balhae" title="Balhae">Balhae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Commandery" title="Bohai Commandery">Bohai Commandery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohai_Sea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohai_Sea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/guoqing/2017-07/28/content_5043915.htm">中华人民共和国版图</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></span> </li> <li 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFYaoShiLiuKandasamy2020" class="citation journal cs1">Yao, Zhengquan; Shi, Xuefa; Liu, Yanguang; Kandasamy, Selvaraj; Qiao, Shuqing; Li, Xiaoyan; Bai, Yazhi; Zhu, Aimei (15 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018220301814">"Sea-level and climate signatures recorded in orbitally-forced continental margin deposits over the last 1 Myr: New perspectives from the Bohai Sea"</a>. <i><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeogeography%2C+Palaeoclimatology%2C+Palaeoecology&rft.atitle=Sea-level+and+climate+signatures+recorded+in+orbitally-forced+continental+margin+deposits+over+the+last+1+Myr%3A+New+perspectives+from+the+Bohai+Sea&rft.volume=550&rft.pages=109736&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2020.109736&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216519749%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Yao&rft.aufirst=Zhengquan&rft.au=Shi%2C+Xuefa&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yanguang&rft.au=Kandasamy%2C+Selvaraj&rft.au=Qiao%2C+Shuqing&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiaoyan&rft.au=Bai%2C+Yazhi&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Aimei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0031018220301814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABohai+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20220505A02OVB00">"四大海域，为什么只有渤海属于内海，领海内允许他国船只航行吗？_腾讯新闻"</a>. <i>new.qq.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bays_of_China" title="Template:Bays of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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title="Hangzhou Bay">Hangzhou Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay" title="Jiaozhou Bay">Jiaozhou Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Bay" title="Korea Bay">Korea Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou_Bay" title="Laizhou Bay">Laizhou Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Bay" title="Liaodong Bay">Liaodong Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirs_Bay" title="Mirs Bay">Mirs Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya_Bay" title="Sanya Bay">Sanya Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalong_Bay" title="Yalong Bay">Yalong Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seas_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:China_Seas" title="Template:China Seas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:China_Seas" title="Template talk:China Seas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:China_Seas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:China Seas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seas_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">Seas</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bohai Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/64px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earth&#039;s_oceans_and_seas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_seas" title="Template:List of seas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_seas" title="Template talk:List of seas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_seas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of seas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_oceans_and_seas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_oceans" title="Borders of the oceans">oceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_seas_on_Earth" title="List of seas on Earth">seas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Sea" title="Amundsen Sea">Amundsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_Sea" title="Bellingshausen Sea">Bellingshausen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Sea" title="Cooperation Sea">Cooperation Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts_Sea" title="Cosmonauts Sea">Cosmonauts Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Sea" title="Davis Sea">Davis Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Urville_Sea" title="D'Urville Sea">D'Urville Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Haakon_VII_Sea" title="King Haakon VII Sea">King Haakon VII Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarev_Sea" title="Lazarev Sea">Lazarev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawson_Sea" title="Mawson Sea">Mawson Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riiser-Larsen_Sea" title="Riiser-Larsen Sea">Riiser-Larsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_Sea" title="Scotia Sea">Scotia Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somov_Sea" title="Somov Sea">Somov Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_Sea" title="Weddell Sea">Weddell Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Gulf" title="Amundsen Gulf">Amundsen Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Sea" title="Beaufort Sea">Beaufort Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Sea" title="Chukchi Sea">Chukchi Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Sea" title="East Siberian Sea">East Siberian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Boothia" title="Gulf of Boothia">Gulf of Boothia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laptev_Sea" title="Laptev Sea">Laptev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sea" title="Lincoln Sea">Lincoln Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechora_Sea" title="Pechora Sea">Pechora Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustaf_Adolf_Sea" title="Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea">Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Sea" title="Queen Victoria Sea">Queen Victoria Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandel_Sea" title="Wandel Sea">Wandel Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mediterranean_Sea" title="American Mediterranean Sea">American Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_Sea" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sea" title="Argentine Sea">Argentine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay" title="Baffin Bay">Baffin Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bay of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Campeche" title="Bay of Campeche">Bay of Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Sea" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxe_Basin" title="Foxe Basin">Foxe Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Lion" title="Gulf of Lion">Gulf of Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra" title="Gulf of Sidra">Gulf of Sidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venezuela" title="Gulf of Venezuela">Gulf of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminger_Sea" title="Irminger Sea">Irminger Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Sea" title="Labrador Sea">Labrador Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtoan_Sea" title="Myrtoan Sea">Myrtoan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sea" title="Norwegian Sea">Norwegian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_%C3%85land" title="Sea of Åland">Sea of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_the_Hebrides" title="Sea of the Hebrides">Sea of the Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_Sea" title="Flores Sea">Flores Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambhat" title="Gulf of Khambhat">Gulf of Khambhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutch" title="Gulf of Kutch">Gulf of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Sea" title="Timor Sea">Timor Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Sea" title="Bali Sea">Bali Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea" title="Banda Sea">Banda Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Sea" title="Bismarck Sea">Bismarck Sea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol_Sea" title="Bohol Sea">Bohol Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camotes_Sea" title="Camotes Sea">Camotes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Sea" title="Chilean Sea">Chilean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Anadyr" title="Gulf of Anadyr">Gulf of Anadyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca" title="Gulf of Fonseca">Gulf of Fonseca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Panama" title="Gulf of Panama">Gulf of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea" title="Halmahera Sea">Halmahera Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Sea" title="Java Sea">Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_Sea" title="Koro Sea">Koro Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Grau" title="Mar de Grau">Mar de Grau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea" title="Molucca Sea">Molucca Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Gulf" title="Moro Gulf">Moro Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_Sea" title="Salish Sea">Salish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savu_Sea" title="Savu Sea">Savu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seram_Sea" title="Seram Sea">Seram Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Seto Inland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantar_Sea" title="Shantar Sea">Shantar Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibuyan_Sea" title="Sibuyan Sea">Sibuyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea" title="Solomon Sea">Solomon Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_Sea" title="Visayan Sea">Visayan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">Endorheic basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superocean" title="Superocean">Superocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/64px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Seas" title="Category:Seas">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shandong_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shandong_topics" title="Template:Shandong topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shandong_topics" title="Template talk:Shandong topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shandong_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong" title="Category:Shandong">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong#History" title="Shandong">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shandong" title="Politics of Shandong">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong#Economy" title="Shandong">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Shandong" title="Category:Geography of Shandong">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="North China craton">North China craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_He" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai He">Hai He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishan_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Weishan Lake">Weishan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou_Bay" title="Laizhou Bay">Laizhou Bay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">Ocean University of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum" title="China University of Petroleum">China University of Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong#Culture" title="Shandong">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_opera" title="Lü opera">Lü opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Lu_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Lu Mandarin">Ji Lu Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiao_Liao_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiao Liao Mandarin">Jiao Liao Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_dialect" title="Qingdao dialect">Qingdao dialect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braised_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Braised Chicken">Braised Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haw_flakes" title="Haw flakes">Haw flakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moo_shu_pork" title="Moo shu pork">Moo shu pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sha tang">Sha tang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_in_Jinan" title="List of sites in Jinan">List of sites in Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotu_Spring" title="Baotu Spring">Baotu Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Buddha_Mountain" title="Thousand Buddha Mountain">Thousand Buddha Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyan_Temple_(Jinan)" title="Lingyan Temple (Jinan)">Lingyan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhi_Pagoda" title="Pizhi Pagoda">Pizhi Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_Qi" title="Great Wall of Qi">Great Wall of Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai City">Penglai City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao beach resort city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius,_Qufu" title="Temple of Confucius, Qufu">Temple and Cemetery of Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shou_Qiu" title="Shou Qiu">Shou Qiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong" title="Category:Shandong">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shandong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shandong">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181969#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181969#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181969#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/243175262">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1244681/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4468543-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh86002618">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548736905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bohai_Sea&params=38.7_N_119.9_E_dim:200000_region:CN_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">119°54′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.7°N 119.9°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.7; 119.9</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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