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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reserve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Reserve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reserve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Formations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quarried_level" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quarried_level"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Quarried level</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quarried_level-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lower_level" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower_level"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Lower level</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower_level-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upper_levels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_levels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Upper levels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_levels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nature_of_the_embankments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature_of_the_embankments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Nature of the embankments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature_of_the_embankments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plant_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plant_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Plant communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plant_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vascular_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vascular_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Vascular plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vascular_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mosses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mosses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Mosses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mosses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mushrooms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mushrooms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mushrooms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mushrooms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Mammals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Birds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reptiles_and_amphibians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reptiles_and_amphibians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>Reptiles and amphibians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reptiles_and_amphibians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invertebrates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invertebrates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.4</span> <span>Invertebrates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invertebrates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_wildlife_corridor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_wildlife_corridor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>The wildlife corridor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_wildlife_corridor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats_and_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats_and_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Threats and responses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats_and_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Primary succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invasive_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasive_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2</span> <span>Invasive species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasive_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Management-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Management subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management_objectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management_objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Management objectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management_objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessment_of_the_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment_of_the_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Assessment of the activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessment_of_the_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Activities_carried_out" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities_carried_out"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Activities carried out</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities_carried_out-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management_of_the_diversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management_of_the_diversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Management of the diversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management_of_the_diversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Improved_knowledge_of_flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Improved_knowledge_of_flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>Improved knowledge of flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Improved_knowledge_of_flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education,_interpretation_and_promotion_of_local_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education,_interpretation_and_promotion_of_local_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4</span> <span>Education, interpretation and promotion of local heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education,_interpretation_and_promotion_of_local_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_opportunities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_opportunities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>New opportunities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_opportunities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Studies_of_the_reserve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studies_of_the_reserve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Studies of the reserve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studies_of_the_reserve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_quarry_and_geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_quarry_and_geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>History of quarry and geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_quarry_and_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Ecology and management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology_and_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Other references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°17′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°46′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.29833°N 3.77639°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.29833; 3.77639</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protected area in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #B2E5CD;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN category</a> IV (habitat/species management area)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramique_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_de_Nerviens_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The pionner wood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Panoramique_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_de_Nerviens_%281%29.jpg/300px-Panoramique_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_de_Nerviens_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Panoramique_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_de_Nerviens_%281%29.jpg/450px-Panoramique_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_de_Nerviens_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Panoramique_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_de_Nerviens_%281%29.jpg/600px-Panoramique_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_de_Nerviens_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve"><img alt="Map showing the location of Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/France_relief_location_map.jpg/300px-France_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/France_relief_location_map.jpg/450px-France_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/France_relief_location_map.jpg/600px-France_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.444%;left:60.61%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Carrière des Nerviens Reserve"><img alt="Map showing the location of Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Carrière des Nerviens Reserve</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in France</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="locality"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bavay" title="Bavay">Bavay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&params=50_17_54_N_3_46_35_E_region:FR_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°17′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°46′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.29833°N 3.77639°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.29833; 3.77639</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">3.11 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a> (7.7 <a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">acres</a>; 0.0120 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">sq mi</a>)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created</th><td class="infobox-data">May 25, 2009<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2009-05-25</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve</b> (in French <i>Réserve naturelle régionale de la carrière des Nerviens</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected area</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> region of northern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. It was established on 25 May 2009 to protect a site containing rare plants and covers just over 3 hectares (7.4 acres). It is located in the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Bavay" title="Bavay">Bavay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Waast" title="Saint-Waast">Saint-Waast</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a>. </p><p>The reserve was created to protect fifteen plants of regional interest and three <a href="/wiki/Plant_community" title="Plant community">plant communities</a> listed in the <a href="/wiki/Habitats_Directive" title="Habitats Directive">Habitats Directive</a>. Its flora are linked to <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> present in <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marl</a>. It is located in a transition zone between the <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">semi-continental</a> climates and that gives increased biodiversity, with typical species of the atlantic areas and others more continental. The reserve also plays a role in a <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_corridor" title="Wildlife corridor">wildlife corridor</a>. </p><p>The site consists of an old quarry of <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> dated to the <a href="/wiki/Famennian" title="Famennian">Famennian</a> stage in the Late <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> epoch. It was backfilled in the 1970s with <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marl</a>. The new soil was re-colonized by <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_species" title="Pioneer species">pioneer species</a>, which coexist alongside an established <a href="/wiki/Afforestation" title="Afforestation">afforestation</a>, forming a mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Habitat_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat (ecology)">habitats</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/CPIE_Bocage_de_l%27Avesnois" title="CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organization</a>, is the owner and operator of the reserve. The main objective is to maintain the current diversity. To this end, regular management mainly struggles against the afforestation and against <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Japanese_knot_weed" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese knot weed">Japanese knot weed</a>. The secondary objectives are <a href="/wiki/Environmental_education" title="Environmental education">environmental education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heritage_interpretation" title="Heritage interpretation">heritage interpretation</a>, improvement of knowledge fauna and flora, and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_monitoring" title="Environmental monitoring">environmental monitoring</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_map-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The reserve west of downtown Bavay, south of the highway between Maubeuge in Valenciennes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_map-fr.svg/220px-R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_map-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_map-fr.svg/330px-R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_map-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_map-fr.svg/440px-R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_map-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Position of the site (in red) to the west of downtown Bavay</figcaption></figure> <p>The Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve is located in the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Avesnes-sur-Helpe" title="Arrondissement of Avesnes-sur-Helpe">Arrondissement of Avesnes-sur-Helpe</a> between the cities of <a href="/wiki/Valenciennes" title="Valenciennes">Valenciennes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maubeuge" title="Maubeuge">Maubeuge</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> region. It is 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of downtown Bavay and 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) south-east of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Waast" title="Saint-Waast">Saint-Waast</a>. </p><p>The reserve is triangular in shape. It is bordered to the south by the 942 main road, north-east by an unused railtrack, and to the west by a small path known as <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Chemin de Rametz</i></span></i>. It covers 3.11 hectares (7.7 acres).<sup id="cite_ref-rnf_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnf-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CPIE_Bocage_de_l%27Avesnois" title="CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois</a> owns a parcel of land on the other side of the railtrack. Though not yet included in the reserve, it is expected to be added when the current agreement is renewed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relief">Relief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reserve is located in the valley of the stream <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Ruisseau de Bavay</i></span></i>, with an elevation of between 110 and 115 metres (361 and 377 ft). It has an overall north-south gradient of −5 metres (−16 ft). A mound of accumulated debris, which rises to about 6 metres (20 ft) above the path <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Chemin de Rametz</i></span></i>, is located north-west of the site. After quarrying operations ceased, the quarry was filled mainly with the <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marl</a> of the Bellignies quarry.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area has since been completely recolonized by vegetation through <a href="/wiki/Ecological_succession" title="Ecological succession">ecological succession</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hydrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reserve is located in the valley of the <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Ruisseau de Bavay</i></span></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributary</a> of the Hogneau, and is part of the greater <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a>. The reserve is not in direct contact with the river. It is supplied with water only by <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a>, which is retained by the natural properties of marl.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reserve's nearest <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather station</a> is at <a href="/wiki/Cambrai#Climat" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a>, about 42 kilometres away, inland, to the southeast. However, the nature reserve is affected by the nearby presence of the <a href="/wiki/Ardennes#Geology" title="Ardennes">Ardennes Mountains</a>, which gives a <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental influence</a> to the climate. </p><p>The regular <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> and the absence of <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE18_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE18-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the predominance of south-southwest winds and rain vectors,<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE21_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE21-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> show the influence of <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>. However, some significant rainfall variability between seasons,<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE18_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE18-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the moderate temperature range, and the high proportion (69.8 percent) of low winds (less than 4 metres per second (13 ft/s)) compared to strong winds (3.2 percent over 8 metres per second (26 ft/s)) winds<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE21_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE21-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are typical of a continental influence. This combination is atypical of an altered oceanic climate, a transition zone between the oceanic and semi-continental climates, characterized by mild winters and cool summers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the reserve, this climatic transition leads to increased biodiversity. For example, common bluebell (<i><a href="/wiki/Hyacinthoides_non-scripta" title="Hyacinthoides non-scripta">Hyacinthoides non-scripta</a></i>) is a typical species of the Atlantic areas,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the common butterbur (<i><a href="/wiki/Petasites_hybridus" title="Petasites hybridus">Petasites hybridus</a></i>) is more continental.<sup id="cite_ref-EUR28_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUR28-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carri%C3%A8redesnerviens.extraction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Old postcard showing the sandstone quarry with its hoist, a chimney reveals the presence of steam to operate the equipment; rock layers are nearly vertical" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Carri%C3%A8redesnerviens.extraction.jpg/220px-Carri%C3%A8redesnerviens.extraction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Carri%C3%A8redesnerviens.extraction.jpg/330px-Carri%C3%A8redesnerviens.extraction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Carri%C3%A8redesnerviens.extraction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Postcard of the site c. 1900</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quarry">Quarry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Quarry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The site is a former quarry, used for its sandstone deposits as early as the late nineteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the Chevallier & Cie company, which employed about 70 workers, including 25 miners.<sup id="cite_ref-AFAS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFAS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1909, the annual production was 12,000 cubic metres (420,000 cu ft) of <a href="/wiki/Macadam" title="Macadam">macadam</a>, 500 cubic metres (18,000 cu ft) of ballast and 25,000 cubic metres (880,000 cu ft) of <a href="/wiki/Cobblestone" title="Cobblestone">cobblestones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Borehole" title="Borehole">Boreholes</a> were drilled manually. Stone blocks were divided using a mass and a steel heavy hammer (up to 14 kilograms (31 lb)) called <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">refenderesse</i></span></i>. Stones obtained were then classified by eye into stone for cobble and rubble for macadam. The first were <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épincés</i></span></i>: asperities were removed by <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épinceurs</i></span></i> to form regular cobblestones. They were then sorted by size. The rubble was crushed in a <a href="/wiki/Crusher#Jaw_crusher" title="Crusher">jaw crusher</a>. Debris were mechanically separated according to their size. Each particle has a particular use. Macadam, made of stones between 2 and 8 centimetres (0.79 and 3.15 in), was used for the construction and maintenance of roads. Ballast is a gravel 10 to 20 millimetres (0.39 to 0.79 in) used for concrete. Shot from 2 to 10 millimetres (0.079 to 0.394 in) was used for the surface of concrete or paths in parks and gardens. The fine dust, from 0 to 2 millimetres (0.000 to 0.079 in), was used for <a href="/wiki/Paver_(flooring)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paver (flooring)">concrete paver blocks</a>, concrete pipes, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quarrying ceased in the early 1960s (1962–1965), when the stones extracted were no longer of sufficient quality. Between 1971 and 1978, the quarry was gradually filled with marl from the Bellignies quarry. Since then, the site has been completely recolonized by vegetation through ecological succession, forming tree, shrub and herb layers. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reserve">Reserve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reserve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_-limites_map-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map showing the boundaries of the site, the parcel classified in reserve within the site and other parcel managed by CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_-limites_map-fr.svg/220px-R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_-limites_map-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_-limites_map-fr.svg/330px-R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_-limites_map-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_-limites_map-fr.svg/440px-R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_-limites_map-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Physical boundaries of the reserve</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2001, the site was brought to the attention of the <a href="/wiki/CPIE_Bocage_de_l%27Avesnois" title="CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois</a>, pointing out the biodiversity of the new plant life. The association performed the first inventories. In the meantime, she contacted the five owners to consider a land management proposal. The commune of Bavay, the Bellignies quarry (SECAB) and a third owner sold her the property in 2003. The CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois became the owner / operator of 85 percent of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The association implemented the first <a href="/wiki/Environmental_resources_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental resources management">environmental resources management</a> actions at the site and developed its first <a href="/wiki/Environmental_management_scheme" title="Environmental management scheme">environmental management scheme</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the association obtained the agreement establishing the regional nature reserve at the site for a period of 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name of the reserve recalls the former industrial activity (<i>Carrière</i>: quarry) and the <a href="/wiki/Bavay#Gallo-Roman_history" title="Bavay">Gallo-Roman history of Bavay</a>, the capital city of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii">Nervii</a> tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, another owner give the management of his parcel. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> <a href="/wiki/Fold_(geology)" title="Fold (geology)">folded</a> outcrops of the <a href="/wiki/Bavay" title="Bavay">Bavay</a>-<a href="/wiki/Saint-Waast" title="Saint-Waast">Saint-Waast</a> area are the <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> of the eastern flank of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lantois" title="Mélantois">Mélantois</a>' <a href="/wiki/Anticline" title="Anticline">anticline</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Marine_transgression" title="Marine transgression">transgressive</a> <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turonian" title="Turonian">Turonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a>) thins, and may eventually disappear by <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a>. Strata of <a href="/wiki/Variscan_orogeny" title="Variscan orogeny">Hercynian</a> basement, raised in the East by an important structural <a href="/wiki/Horst_(geology)" title="Horst (geology)">horst</a>-type accident, then appear locally. In these Paleozoic strata, the Devonian presents as a <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> base of the Lower <a href="/wiki/Famennian" title="Famennian">Famennian</a>, where the levels were quarried<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formations">Formations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Formations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Quarried_level">Quarried level</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Quarried level"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The stone that was quarried is <a href="/wiki/Arkose" title="Arkose">arkose</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wallonie_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallonie-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Famennian" title="Famennian">Famennian</a> stage. Approximately 360 million years ago, the thrust of forming <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a> plates raised the <a href="/wiki/Seabed" title="Seabed">seabed</a>. Meanwhile, an <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a> occurred in regions near the poles.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marine_regression" title="Marine regression">Marine regression</a> allowed <a href="/wiki/Sedimentation" title="Sedimentation">sedimentation</a> of detrital sand and clays which left<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> large shoals of hard sandstone with <a href="/wiki/Ripple_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripple mark">ripple marks</a>, alternating with levels more or less <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shaley</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to their <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>'s content. </p><p>At the base of the deposit, these sandstones are reddish brown, very <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">micaceous</a> and shaley, sometimes containing calcareous nodules, ferruginous concretions and vegetable wax; above, they are gray and <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartziferous</a>. This is the <a href="/wiki/Aye_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Aye formation">Aye formation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Spiriferida" title="Spiriferida">spiriferida</a> like <i><a href="/wiki/Cyrtospirifer_verneuili" title="Cyrtospirifer verneuili">Cyrtospirifer verneuili</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ladrière1881_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladrière1881-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchonellida" title="Rhynchonellida">Rhynchonellida</a></i> as <i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchonella_pugnus" title="Rhynchonella pugnus">Rhynchonella pugnus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchonella_boloniensis" title="Rhynchonella boloniensis">R. boloniensis</a></i>, some <i><a href="/wiki/Orthoceras" title="Orthoceras">Orthoceras</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Orthis_striatula" title="Orthis striatula">Orthis striatula</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Atrypa_reticularis" class="mw-redirect" title="Atrypa reticularis">Atrypa reticularis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Ladrière1879_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladrière1879-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Well-preserved <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a> and mica probably come from <a href="/wiki/Wind_erosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind erosion">wind erosion</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> of mountains present in the Netherlands today and extending to Düsseldorf.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallonie_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallonie-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lower_level">Lower level</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lower level"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrtospirifer_verneuilli_Murchison_(Belgique).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fossil Cyrtospirifer verneuili, brachiopod typical of the Upper Devonian epoch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cyrtospirifer_verneuilli_Murchison_%28Belgique%29.JPG/220px-Cyrtospirifer_verneuilli_Murchison_%28Belgique%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cyrtospirifer_verneuilli_Murchison_%28Belgique%29.JPG/330px-Cyrtospirifer_verneuilli_Murchison_%28Belgique%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cyrtospirifer_verneuilli_Murchison_%28Belgique%29.JPG/440px-Cyrtospirifer_verneuilli_Murchison_%28Belgique%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4049" data-file-height="2544" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrtospirifer_verneuili" title="Cyrtospirifer verneuili">Cyrtospirifer verneuili</a></i> is an <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> <a href="/wiki/Brachiopod" title="Brachiopod">brachiopod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossilized</a> in the reserve.</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the Famennian, the Frasnian consists, from top to bottom, of nodular gray shale, and mica rich in fossils such as <i><a href="/wiki/Cyrtospirifer_verneuili" title="Cyrtospirifer verneuili">Cyrtospirifer verneuili</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spirigera_concentrica" title="Spirigera concentrica">Spirigera concentrica</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Atrypa_reticularis" class="mw-redirect" title="Atrypa reticularis">Atrypa reticularis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Orthis_striatula" title="Orthis striatula">Orthis striatula</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Productus_subaculeatus" title="Productus subaculeatus">Productus subaculeatus</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Acervularia_pentagona" title="Acervularia pentagona">Acervularia pentagona</a></i>. Below this are gray limestone-built beds, rich in corals such as <i><a href="/wiki/Phacellophyllum_caespitosum" title="Phacellophyllum caespitosum">Phacellophyllum caespitosum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thamnopora_boloniensis" title="Thamnopora boloniensis">Thamnopora boloniensis</a></i>, alternating with black shale and nodular limestone containing <i>Cyrtospirifer verneuilli</i> and <i>Phacellophyllum caespitosum</i>. These beds issue from <a href="/wiki/Siltation" title="Siltation">siltation</a> of the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biostrome" class="extiw" title="wikt:biostrome">biostromes</a> present in the Frasnian epoch, 370 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Upper_levels">Upper levels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Upper levels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Those Famennian strata represent the top of the Paleozoic series pleated with north dipping. Above, the transgressive Upper <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> overlies horizontally with <a href="/wiki/Unconformity" title="Unconformity">unconformity</a>. It includes from the bottom to the top a paleozoic boulder <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)" title="Conglomerate (geology)">conglomerate</a> mixed with a sandy and <a href="/wiki/Glauconite" title="Glauconite">glauconitic</a> marl <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(geology)" title="Matrix (geology)">matrix</a>, coarse <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clayey</a> and glauconitic sands, containing <i><a href="/wiki/Chlamys_asper" title="Chlamys asper">Chlamys asper</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ostrea_diluviana" title="Ostrea diluviana">Ostrea diluviana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Praeactinocamax_plenus" title="Praeactinocamax plenus">Praeactinocamax plenus</a></i> and finally marl with <i><a href="/wiki/Terebratulina_gracilis" title="Terebratulina gracilis">Terebratulina gracilis</a></i>. These strata belong to the <a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Turonian" title="Turonian">Turonian</a> and were deposited between 90 and 100 million years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during a transgressive phase.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fifty million years ago, during the <a href="/wiki/Ypresian" title="Ypresian">Ypresian</a> age, locally called <a href="/wiki/Landenian" class="mw-redirect" title="Landenian">Landenian</a>, forms of marl of the Porquerie are found. It comes from the alteration of <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> rocks and takes the form of a brown or greenish plastic clay without fossils. The <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flints</a> normally present at the base of the deposit<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have not been reported by <a href="#CITEREFLadrière1881">Ladrière 1881</a>. </p><p>This stratum is covered with <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> composed of clay, sand<sup id="cite_ref-BRGM2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRGM2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and flints and Roman pottery pieces,<sup id="cite_ref-Ladrière1881_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladrière1881-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the late <a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene</a> age. Its origin can be attributed to the alteration of the underlying rocks and <a href="/wiki/Wind_erosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind erosion">wind erosion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BRGM2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRGM2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nature_of_the_embankments">Nature of the embankments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nature of the embankments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarrasin_de_Bettrechies_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sarrasin_de_Bettrechies_2.jpg/220px-Sarrasin_de_Bettrechies_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sarrasin_de_Bettrechies_2.jpg/330px-Sarrasin_de_Bettrechies_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sarrasin_de_Bettrechies_2.jpg/440px-Sarrasin_de_Bettrechies_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2224" data-file-height="2776" /></a><figcaption>Sarrasin de Bettrechies : a shelly limestone</figcaption></figure> <p>The stones used to backfill the quarry are those which underlie the Givetian limestone extracted in the Bellignies quarry. There is <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Sarrasin de Bettrechies</i></span></i>, a coarse <a href="/wiki/Shelly_limestone" title="Shelly limestone">shelly limestone</a>, deep gray, yellowish when it outcrops, detrital ferruginous dated to the Lower <a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a> epoch, a hundred million years ago. There is clay and very glauconitic marl of the Upper Cenomanian stage, enriched by a pebble conglomerate paléozoïc stones. These rocks contain <i><a href="/wiki/Praeactinocamax_plenus" title="Praeactinocamax plenus">Praeactinocamax plenus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chlamys_asper" title="Chlamys asper">Chlamys asper</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ostrea_diluviana" title="Ostrea diluviana">Ostrea diluviana</a></i> and radiated fossils: <i><a href="/wiki/Janira_quadricostata" title="Janira quadricostata">Janira quadricostata</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cyprina_ligeriensis" title="Cyprina ligeriensis">Cyprina ligeriensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Arca_mailleana" title="Arca mailleana">Arca mailleana</a></i>. There is also bluish marl of the <a href="/wiki/Turonian" title="Turonian">Turonian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plant_communities">Plant communities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Plant communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Habitats_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map locating the habitats of the reserve: in northern and western boundaries, mature woodland; the rest of the site is occupied by open habitat or pioneer wood; tall-herb fringes with butterbur are located along the path Chemin de Rametz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Habitats_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens-fr.svg/220px-Habitats_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Habitats_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens-fr.svg/330px-Habitats_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Habitats_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens-fr.svg/440px-Habitats_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Map of habitats in the reserve</figcaption></figure> <p>The site is characterized by a mosaic of 17 <a href="/wiki/Plant_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant communities">plant communities</a> regrouped into three main types of ecological units:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> grassy open areas, <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubby</a> areas and wooded areas.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, three are listed in the <a href="/wiki/Habitats_Directive" title="Habitats Directive">Habitats Directive</a>. The calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation <i>Cystopterido fragilis-Asplenietum scolopendrii</i><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are considered as exceptional, with a degree of <a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">uncertainty</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hydrophilous tall herb fringe community<sup id="cite_ref-EUR28_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUR28-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <i><a href="/wiki/Petasites_hybridus" title="Petasites hybridus">Petasites hybridus</a></i>, at the limit of its range, is also exceptional.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The herbaceous fringe with <a href="/wiki/Red_campion" class="mw-redirect" title="Red campion">red campion</a> (<i>Silene dioica</i>) et <a href="/wiki/Wood_forget-me-not" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood forget-me-not">wood forget-me-not</a> (<i>Myosotis sylvatica</i>) (<i>Sileno dioicae - Myosotidetum sylvaticae</i>) is very rare in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais.<sup id="cite_ref-ZNIEFFcommentaires_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZNIEFFcommentaires-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wood-fringe <i>Lathyro sylvestris – Astragaletum glycyphylli</i><sup id="cite_ref-ZNIEFFcommentaires_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZNIEFFcommentaires-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is also regionally interesting.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A9tasite_hybride.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Common butterbur"><img alt="Purple inflorescence Common butterbur whose leaves can measure up to 80 centimeters in diameter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/P%C3%A9tasite_hybride.JPG/111px-P%C3%A9tasite_hybride.JPG" decoding="async" width="111" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/P%C3%A9tasite_hybride.JPG/167px-P%C3%A9tasite_hybride.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/P%C3%A9tasite_hybride.JPG/223px-P%C3%A9tasite_hybride.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="2386" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Common_butterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Common butterbur">Common butterbur</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phyllitis_scolopendrium_subsp._scolopendrium_04_by_Line1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="hart's-tongue fern"><img alt="Scolopendre leaf characteristic because of its fullness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Phyllitis_scolopendrium_subsp._scolopendrium_04_by_Line1.jpg/135px-Phyllitis_scolopendrium_subsp._scolopendrium_04_by_Line1.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Phyllitis_scolopendrium_subsp._scolopendrium_04_by_Line1.jpg/202px-Phyllitis_scolopendrium_subsp._scolopendrium_04_by_Line1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Phyllitis_scolopendrium_subsp._scolopendrium_04_by_Line1.jpg/270px-Phyllitis_scolopendrium_subsp._scolopendrium_04_by_Line1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Hart%27s-tongue_fern" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart's-tongue fern">hart's-tongue fern</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lathyrus_sylvestris_flowers_close_up_2_AB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="narrow-leaved everlasting-pea"><img alt="Pink flower of narrow-leaved everlasting-pea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Lathyrus_sylvestris_flowers_close_up_2_AB.jpg/135px-Lathyrus_sylvestris_flowers_close_up_2_AB.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Lathyrus_sylvestris_flowers_close_up_2_AB.jpg/202px-Lathyrus_sylvestris_flowers_close_up_2_AB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Lathyrus_sylvestris_flowers_close_up_2_AB.jpg/269px-Lathyrus_sylvestris_flowers_close_up_2_AB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-leaved_everlasting-pea" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow-leaved everlasting-pea">narrow-leaved everlasting-pea</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vascular_plants">Vascular plants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Vascular plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reserve has 171 plant species, and 15 of them have heritage interest.<sup id="cite_ref-Haouat35_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haouat35-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twelve of them were inventoried in 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-MNHNespèces_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MNHNespèces-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and their populations have been managed since.<sup id="cite_ref-z2s_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z2s-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The light <a href="/wiki/Undergrowth" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergrowth">undergrowth</a> contains <a href="/wiki/Common_spotted_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Common spotted orchid">common spotted orchid</a> (<i>Dactylorhiza fuchsii</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Round-leaved_wintergreen" class="mw-redirect" title="Round-leaved wintergreen">round-leaved wintergreen</a> (<i>Pyrola rotundifolia</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liquorice_milkvetch" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquorice milkvetch">Liquorice milkvetch</a> (<i>Astragalus glycyphyllos</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Narrow-leaved_everlasting-pea" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow-leaved everlasting-pea">narrow-leaved everlasting-pea</a> (<i>Lathyrus sylvestris</i>) are present in the small herb glade.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of <a href="/wiki/Lesser_butterfly-orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser butterfly-orchid">lesser butterfly-orchid</a> (<i>Platanthera bifolia</i>) is located in the pioneer wood.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the glade with Calamagrostide and at the boundary of a pioneer grove grow <a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramidal orchid">pyramidal orchid</a> (<i>Anacamptis pyramidalis</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bee_orchid" title="Bee orchid">bee orchid</a> (<i>Ophrys apifera</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Man_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Man orchid">man orchid</a> (<i>Orchis anthropophora</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> grow everywhere, except in the older glade. In the different herbaceous fringes grow <a href="/wiki/Wood_forget-me-not" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood forget-me-not">wood forget-me-not</a> (<i>Myosotis sylvatica</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Zigzag_clover" class="mw-redirect" title="Zigzag clover">zigzag clover</a> (<i>Trifolium medium</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A tall herb fringe hosts <a href="/wiki/Common_butterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Common butterbur">common butterbur</a> (<i>Petasites hybridus</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seven plants are protected by a regional scale: common spotted orchid, man orchid, bee orchid, zigzag clover, liquorice milkvetch, narrow-leaved everlasting-pea and wood forget-me-not.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Himantoglossum_hircinum_MHNT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lizard orchid"><img alt="Inflorescence of Lizard Orchid, characteristic with its striped labellum and goat-like smell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Himantoglossum_hircinum_MHNT.jpg/180px-Himantoglossum_hircinum_MHNT.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Himantoglossum_hircinum_MHNT.jpg/270px-Himantoglossum_hircinum_MHNT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Himantoglossum_hircinum_MHNT.jpg/360px-Himantoglossum_hircinum_MHNT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6562" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lizard_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizard orchid">Lizard orchid</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Myosotis_sylvatica,_Bosvergeet-mij-nietje.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wood forget-me-not"><img alt="Blue flower of the Wood forget-me-not" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Myosotis_sylvatica%2C_Bosvergeet-mij-nietje.jpg/180px-Myosotis_sylvatica%2C_Bosvergeet-mij-nietje.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Myosotis_sylvatica%2C_Bosvergeet-mij-nietje.jpg/270px-Myosotis_sylvatica%2C_Bosvergeet-mij-nietje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Myosotis_sylvatica%2C_Bosvergeet-mij-nietje.jpg/360px-Myosotis_sylvatica%2C_Bosvergeet-mij-nietje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Wood_forget-me-not" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood forget-me-not">Wood forget-me-not</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ophrys_apifera_flower3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bee orchid"><img alt="Flower of the bee Ophrys whose labellum, like the abdomen of a female bee, lures the male" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ophrys_apifera_flower3.jpg/147px-Ophrys_apifera_flower3.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ophrys_apifera_flower3.jpg/221px-Ophrys_apifera_flower3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ophrys_apifera_flower3.jpg/295px-Ophrys_apifera_flower3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="1394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Bee_orchid" title="Bee orchid">Bee orchid</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Astragalus_glycyphyllos_fruit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liquorice milkvetch"><img alt="The fruits of Liquorice milkvetch are pods" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Astragalus_glycyphyllos_fruit.jpg/135px-Astragalus_glycyphyllos_fruit.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Astragalus_glycyphyllos_fruit.jpg/202px-Astragalus_glycyphyllos_fruit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Astragalus_glycyphyllos_fruit.jpg/270px-Astragalus_glycyphyllos_fruit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Liquorice_milkvetch" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquorice milkvetch">Liquorice milkvetch</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mnium_stellare_(c,_153348-482405)_0191.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The moss Mnium stellare, characteristic with its leaves star-shaped" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mnium_stellare_%28c%2C_153348-482405%29_0191.JPG/180px-Mnium_stellare_%28c%2C_153348-482405%29_0191.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mnium_stellare_%28c%2C_153348-482405%29_0191.JPG/270px-Mnium_stellare_%28c%2C_153348-482405%29_0191.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mnium_stellare_%28c%2C_153348-482405%29_0191.JPG/360px-Mnium_stellare_%28c%2C_153348-482405%29_0191.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stellar_calcareous_moss" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar calcareous moss">Stellar calcareous moss</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mosses">Mosses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Mosses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, 43 species of <a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">bryophytes</a> were inventoried,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Stellar_calcareous_moss" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar calcareous moss">Stellar calcareous moss</a> (<i>Mnium stellare</i>), taxon considered as <a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">endangered</a> on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nord-Pas-de-Calais_red_regional_list_of_bryophytes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais red regional list of bryophytes (page does not exist)">Nord-Pas-de-Calais red regional list of bryophytes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_rouge_r%C3%A9gionale_des_Bryophytes_du_Nord-Pas-de-Calais" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste rouge régionale des Bryophytes du Nord-Pas-de-Calais">fr</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mushrooms">Mushrooms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mushrooms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the 115 species recorded in 2004 on the site,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15 are included in the red list of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the shrubs near the path where green waste was deposited by people from outside the organization grow <a href="/wiki/Yellow_club_fungus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow club fungus">yellow club fungus</a> (<i>Clavulinopsis helvola</i>), <a href="/wiki/Gray_shag" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray shag">gray shag</a> (<i>Coprinopsis cinerea</i>), <a href="/wiki/Trichoglossum_hirsutum" title="Trichoglossum hirsutum">black earth tongues</a> (<i>Trichoglossum hirsutum</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Arrhenia_spathulata" title="Arrhenia spathulata">Arrhenia spathulata</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Marasmius_limosus" title="Marasmius limosus">Marasmius limosus</a></i>. Those two last species are also in the Calamagrostide's glade of a pioneer wood of willow and birch, with <a href="/wiki/Moor_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Moor club">moor club</a> (<i>Clavaria argillacea</i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Geoglossum_cookeanum" title="Geoglossum cookeanum">Geoglossum cookeanum</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Lilac_leg_fibrecap" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilac leg fibrecap">lilac leg fibrecap</a> (<i>Inocybe griseolilacina</i>), (<i><a href="/wiki/Stropharia_pseudocyanea" title="Stropharia pseudocyanea">Stropharia pseudocyanea</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Tricholoma_cingulatum" title="Tricholoma cingulatum">girdled knight</a> (<i>Tricholoma cingulatum</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Tricholoma_ustale" title="Tricholoma ustale">burnt knight</a> (<i>Tricholoma ustale</i>). Near orchid stations in the pioneer wood exist <a href="/wiki/Golden_spindles" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden spindles">golden spindles</a> (<i>Clavulinopsis fusiformis</i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Hebeloma_clavulipes" title="Hebeloma clavulipes">Hebeloma clavulipes</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Hebeloma_fusipes" title="Hebeloma fusipes">Hebeloma fusipes</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hebeloma_pusillum" title="Hebeloma pusillum">Hebeloma pusillum</a></i>, and also lilac leg fibrecap and burnt knight. <a href="/wiki/Mutinus_caninus" title="Mutinus caninus">Dog stinkhorn</a> (<i>Mutinus caninus</i>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Scytinostroma_hemidichophyticum" title="Scytinostroma hemidichophyticum">Scytinostroma hemidichophyticum</a></i> for their part, were observed in the shaded path north of the site on the edge of mature wood.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-07-22_Clavulinopsis_fusiformis_(Sowerby)_Corner_95377_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Golden spindles"><img alt="The fruiting body of the fungus is characterized by a cluster of rods spindle-shaped, branched or unbranched, yellow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2010-07-22_Clavulinopsis_fusiformis_%28Sowerby%29_Corner_95377_cropped.jpg/172px-2010-07-22_Clavulinopsis_fusiformis_%28Sowerby%29_Corner_95377_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2010-07-22_Clavulinopsis_fusiformis_%28Sowerby%29_Corner_95377_cropped.jpg/258px-2010-07-22_Clavulinopsis_fusiformis_%28Sowerby%29_Corner_95377_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2010-07-22_Clavulinopsis_fusiformis_%28Sowerby%29_Corner_95377_cropped.jpg/344px-2010-07-22_Clavulinopsis_fusiformis_%28Sowerby%29_Corner_95377_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Golden_spindles" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden spindles">Golden spindles</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutinus_caninus_in_UK.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dog stinkhorn"><img alt="The yellowish-white feet, a diameter of one centimeter to a length of ten centimeters, is topped with a hat-shaped tassel orange to red at first, then becoming black. It looks like a dog's erect phallus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mutinus_caninus_in_UK.JPG/180px-Mutinus_caninus_in_UK.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mutinus_caninus_in_UK.JPG/270px-Mutinus_caninus_in_UK.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mutinus_caninus_in_UK.JPG/360px-Mutinus_caninus_in_UK.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Dog_stinkhorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog stinkhorn">Dog stinkhorn</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coprinopsis_spec._-_Lindsey_2a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gray shag"><img alt="as they get older, the fruiting body changes from white to silver gray, then to gray-brown and gray-black" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coprinopsis_spec._-_Lindsey_2a.jpg/119px-Coprinopsis_spec._-_Lindsey_2a.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coprinopsis_spec._-_Lindsey_2a.jpg/179px-Coprinopsis_spec._-_Lindsey_2a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coprinopsis_spec._-_Lindsey_2a.jpg/239px-Coprinopsis_spec._-_Lindsey_2a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Gray_shag" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray shag">Gray shag</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stropharia_pseudocyanea_111101w.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stropharia pseudocyanea"><img alt="this fungus merges with the blue Stropharia but it is smaller and less yellow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Stropharia_pseudocyanea_111101w.JPG/180px-Stropharia_pseudocyanea_111101w.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Stropharia_pseudocyanea_111101w.JPG/270px-Stropharia_pseudocyanea_111101w.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Stropharia_pseudocyanea_111101w.JPG/360px-Stropharia_pseudocyanea_111101w.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2205" data-file-height="1470" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Stropharia_pseudocyanea" title="Stropharia pseudocyanea">Stropharia pseudocyanea</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tricholoma.ustale.-.lindsey.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Burnt knight"><img alt="The cap of this mushroom is chestnut brown to red-brown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tricholoma.ustale.-.lindsey.jpg/180px-Tricholoma.ustale.-.lindsey.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tricholoma.ustale.-.lindsey.jpg/270px-Tricholoma.ustale.-.lindsey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tricholoma.ustale.-.lindsey.jpg/360px-Tricholoma.ustale.-.lindsey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Burnt_knight" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnt knight">Burnt knight</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mammals">Mammals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Mammals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common mammals found here include the <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_squirrel" title="Red squirrel">red squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">hare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mole_(animal)" title="Mole (animal)">mole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_mouse" title="Wood mouse">wood mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_vole" title="Bank vole">bank vole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Field_vole" class="mw-redirect" title="Field vole">field vole</a>. Two species of <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a> frequent the site regularly to hunt: the <a href="/wiki/Daubenton%27s_bat" title="Daubenton's bat">Daubenton's bat</a> (<i>Myotis daubentonii</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Common_pipistrelle" title="Common pipistrelle">common pipistrelle</a> (<i>Pipistrellus pipistrellus</i>). They cannot, however, establish their habitat due to the lack of roosting sites in the reserve's young trees.<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE75_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE75-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Myotis-P1040975.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daubenton's bat"><img alt="The Daubenton's bat frequents wetlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Myotis-P1040975.jpg/180px-Myotis-P1040975.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Myotis-P1040975.jpg/270px-Myotis-P1040975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Myotis-P1040975.jpg/360px-Myotis-P1040975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2162" data-file-height="1441" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Daubenton%27s_bat" title="Daubenton's bat">Daubenton's bat</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pipistrellus_flight2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common pipistrelle"><img alt="The common pipistrelle is one of the most common bats, especially found near houses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pipistrellus_flight2.jpg/180px-Pipistrellus_flight2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pipistrellus_flight2.jpg/270px-Pipistrellus_flight2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pipistrellus_flight2.jpg/360px-Pipistrellus_flight2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="582" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Common_pipistrelle" title="Common pipistrelle">Common pipistrelle</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Birds">Birds</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Birds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forty-two species of birds have been observed on the site, 25 of which are <a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breeding</a> there. Twenty-two species are protected nationally; five are listed on the annex OO of the <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonn Convention">Bonn Convention</a>, which aims to conserve migratory species throughout their range.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, no species can be considered as heritage. The <a href="/wiki/Northern_goshawk" title="Northern goshawk">northern goshawk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_sparrowhawk" title="Eurasian sparrowhawk">Eurasian sparrowhawk</a> benefit from the abundance of sparrows feeding. The <a href="/wiki/Common_grasshopper_warbler" title="Common grasshopper warbler">common grasshopper warbler</a> stops there during its migration and the <a href="/wiki/Common_nightingale" title="Common nightingale">common nightingale</a> nests there occasionally.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AccipterGentilisJuvenileFlight1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Northern goshawk"><img alt="The northern goshawk gliding in search of prey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/AccipterGentilisJuvenileFlight1.jpg/180px-AccipterGentilisJuvenileFlight1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/AccipterGentilisJuvenileFlight1.jpg/270px-AccipterGentilisJuvenileFlight1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/AccipterGentilisJuvenileFlight1.jpg/360px-AccipterGentilisJuvenileFlight1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="1340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_goshawk" title="Northern goshawk">Northern goshawk</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Accipiter_nisus_-in_flight-8-4c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurasian sparrowhawk"><img alt="Eurasian sparrowhawk in flight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Accipiter_nisus_-in_flight-8-4c.jpg/180px-Accipiter_nisus_-in_flight-8-4c.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Accipiter_nisus_-in_flight-8-4c.jpg/270px-Accipiter_nisus_-in_flight-8-4c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Accipiter_nisus_-in_flight-8-4c.jpg/360px-Accipiter_nisus_-in_flight-8-4c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_sparrowhawk" title="Eurasian sparrowhawk">Eurasian sparrowhawk</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grashoppsangare-070512.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common grasshopper warbler"><img alt="Common grasshopper warbler resting on a branch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Grashoppsangare-070512.jpg/180px-Grashoppsangare-070512.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Grashoppsangare-070512.jpg/270px-Grashoppsangare-070512.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Grashoppsangare-070512.jpg/360px-Grashoppsangare-070512.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Common_grasshopper_warbler" title="Common grasshopper warbler">Common grasshopper warbler</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reptiles_and_amphibians">Reptiles and amphibians</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Reptiles and amphibians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Common_toad" title="Common toad">common toad</a> (<i>Bufo bufo</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Common_frog" title="Common frog">common frog</a> (<i>Rana temporaria</i>) are the only amphibians on the site. They use it in winter or during their migration. The <a href="/wiki/Viviparous_lizard" title="Viviparous lizard">viviparous lizard</a> (<i>Zootoca vivipara</i>) likes the slate deposits and ballast of the track. It hunts in the herbaceous areas, very flowery in summer and high in insects.<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE75_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE75-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Common_wall_lizard" class="mw-redirect" title="Common wall lizard">common wall lizard</a> (<i>Podarcis muralis</i>) has been seen in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Haouat39_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haouat39-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Slowworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Slowworm">slowworm</a> reproduction (<i>Anguis fragilis</i>) is attested by the observation of young under rocks and other debris.<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE75_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE75-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bufo_bufo_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common toad"><img alt="The skin of the common toad is covered with small wart-like lumps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bufo_bufo_small.jpg/180px-Bufo_bufo_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bufo_bufo_small.jpg/270px-Bufo_bufo_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bufo_bufo_small.jpg/360px-Bufo_bufo_small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Common_toad" title="Common toad">Common toad</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rana_temporaria_LC0183.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common frog"><img alt="The common frog has two well-marked lines on the back" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Rana_temporaria_LC0183.jpg/180px-Rana_temporaria_LC0183.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Rana_temporaria_LC0183.jpg/270px-Rana_temporaria_LC0183.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Rana_temporaria_LC0183.jpg/360px-Rana_temporaria_LC0183.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Common_frog" title="Common frog">Common frog</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZootocaVivipara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viviparous lizard"><img alt="Viviparous lizard has a small head, neck and tail are thick, the legs are rather short. The brown color is very variable with, especially in the female, dark sidebands." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/ZootocaVivipara.jpg/180px-ZootocaVivipara.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/ZootocaVivipara.jpg/270px-ZootocaVivipara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/ZootocaVivipara.jpg/360px-ZootocaVivipara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Viviparous_lizard" title="Viviparous lizard">Viviparous lizard</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anguidae.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Slowworm"><img alt="The slowworm is a small lizard which has no limbs and is, therefore, often mistaken for a snake." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Anguidae.jpg/180px-Anguidae.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Anguidae.jpg/270px-Anguidae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Anguidae.jpg/360px-Anguidae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Slowworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Slowworm">Slowworm</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Invertebrates">Invertebrates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Invertebrates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reproduction of <a href="/wiki/Odonata" title="Odonata">Odonata</a> is not possible on the site because of the lack of standing water. However, thanks to the richness of insects in the herbaceous areas, several species can be encountered including the <a href="/wiki/Western_clubtail" class="mw-redirect" title="Western clubtail">western clubtail</a> (<i> Gomphus pulchellus</i>), a species present in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Red_List_of_dragonflies_North_Pas-de-Calais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regional Red List of dragonflies North Pas-de-Calais (page does not exist)">Regional Red List of dragonflies North Pas-de-Calais</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/liste_rouge_r%C3%A9gionale_des_odonates_du_Nord-Pas-de-Calais" class="extiw" title="fr:liste rouge régionale des odonates du Nord-Pas-de-Calais">fr</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twenty-three species of butterflies and 105 species of <a href="/wiki/Moth" title="Moth">moth</a> enjoy the floral diversity of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Holly_blue" title="Holly blue">holly blue</a> (<i>Celastrina argiolus</i>) is a heritage species.<sup id="cite_ref-MNHNespèces_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MNHNespèces-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the nine species of <a href="/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera">Orthoptera</a> identified, two are considered heritage: the <a href="/wiki/Sickle-bearing_bush_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Sickle-bearing bush cricket">sickle-bearing bush cricket</a> (<i>Phaneroptera falcata</i>), rare in the region, enjoys the dry and high herbaceous areas and the <a href="/wiki/Long-horned_groundhopper" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-horned groundhopper">long-horned groundhopper</a> (<i>Tetrix tenuicornis</i>) is a pioneer species of poor vegetation settings.<sup id="cite_ref-ZNIEFFcommentaires_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZNIEFFcommentaires-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Argus_bleu_CDN.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Holly blue"><img alt="Holly blue presents as sexually dimorphic: the male has blue wings, the female brown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Argus_bleu_CDN.jpg/180px-Argus_bleu_CDN.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Argus_bleu_CDN.jpg/270px-Argus_bleu_CDN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Argus_bleu_CDN.jpg/360px-Argus_bleu_CDN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="1061" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Holly_blue" title="Holly blue">Holly blue</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GomphusPulchellus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Western clubtail"><img alt="Western Clubtail is greenish-yellow streaked with black. Its abdomen is not expanded" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/GomphusPulchellus.JPG/180px-GomphusPulchellus.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/GomphusPulchellus.JPG/270px-GomphusPulchellus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/GomphusPulchellus.JPG/360px-GomphusPulchellus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Western_clubtail" class="mw-redirect" title="Western clubtail">Western clubtail</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phaneroptera_falcata_male.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sickle-bearing bush cricket"><img alt="The body of this green Orthoptera measures 12–18 mm while its antennae are four times longer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Phaneroptera_falcata_male.jpg/180px-Phaneroptera_falcata_male.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Phaneroptera_falcata_male.jpg/270px-Phaneroptera_falcata_male.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Phaneroptera_falcata_male.jpg/360px-Phaneroptera_falcata_male.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2866" data-file-height="2293" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Sickle-bearing_bush_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Sickle-bearing bush cricket">Sickle-bearing bush cricket</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetrix_tenuicornis.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Long-horned groundhopper"><img alt="This cricket is 8–10 mm long" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tetrix_tenuicornis.JPG/180px-Tetrix_tenuicornis.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tetrix_tenuicornis.JPG/270px-Tetrix_tenuicornis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tetrix_tenuicornis.JPG/360px-Tetrix_tenuicornis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Long-horned_groundhopper" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-horned groundhopper">Long-horned groundhopper</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_(alentours)-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The reserve is located between Natura 2000 sites and ecological areas and is an important wildlife corridor, enhanced by the stream Ruisseau de Bavay, and unused railtrack" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_%28alentours%29-fr.svg/220px-Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_%28alentours%29-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_%28alentours%29-fr.svg/330px-Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_%28alentours%29-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_%28alentours%29-fr.svg/440px-Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_%28alentours%29-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>Integration of the reserve in the wildlife corridor.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_wildlife_corridor">The wildlife corridor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: The wildlife corridor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To the north are present two sites containing a rich biodiversity: the <a href="/wiki/Natura_2000" title="Natura 2000">Natura 2000</a> Belgian area "<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Hauts-Pays des Honnelles</i></span></i>" and a <a href="/wiki/Zone_naturelle_d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt_%C3%A9cologique,_faunistique_et_floristique" title="Zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique">ZNIEFF</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Vallée de l’Hogneau et ses versants et les ruisseaux d’Heugnies et de Bavay</i></span></i>". The Bellignies quarry with embankments similar to those which filled "<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Carrière des Nerviens</i></span></i>" is therefore under similar ecological conditions. In the south, the <a href="/wiki/For%C3%AAt_de_Mormal" title="Forêt de Mormal">Forêt de Mormal</a> is a major area for biodiversity covered by ZNIEFF and Natura 2000 sites. The railway, unused recently and the stream <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Ruisseau de Bavay</i></span></i> then the river <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Hogneau</i></span></i> provide connection. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Threats_and_responses">Threats and responses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Threats and responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the past, the site was threatened by garbage dumps or by passage of 4x4 vehicles or quads. The installation of gates by the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Bavay" title="Bavay">Bavay</a> solved the problem.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pedestrians rarely venture off the path. The <a href="/wiki/Anthropization" title="Anthropization">anthropization</a> is limited. The greatest threats to the species are <a href="/wiki/Primary_succession" title="Primary succession">primary succession</a><sup id="cite_ref-ZNIEFFcommentaires_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZNIEFFcommentaires-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive plants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE83_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE83-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Primary_succession">Primary succession</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Primary succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The marls was colonized by <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_species" title="Pioneer species">pioneer species</a>, then shrubs and trees, corresponding to a primary succession. Without human intervention, a <a href="/wiki/Climax_community" title="Climax community">climax community</a> would be reached. This dynamic may eventually lead to the disappearance of related open environments, particularly heritage species. However woodlands can also play an important role in creating <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> for many species. The management plan is therefore to maintain <a href="/wiki/Patch_dynamics" title="Patch dynamics">patch dynamics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE83_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE83-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramique_RNR_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Panorama showing the pioneer woodland on left and the managed grassy open area on right." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Panoramique_RNR_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg/700px-Panoramique_RNR_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Panoramique_RNR_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg/1050px-Panoramique_RNR_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Panoramique_RNR_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg/1400px-Panoramique_RNR_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Panoramic view of the reserve</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Invasive_species">Invasive species</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Invasive species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four invasive species are a problem in the reserve. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wood_small-reed" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood small-reed">Wood small-reed</a> (<i>Calamagrostis epigejos</i>) is present in the center of the site and threatens to spread into herbaceous areas. It compromises sustainability of stations, including <i>man orchid</i> and <i>bee orchid</i> populations. Two distinct zones can be distinguished. The first, where the wood small-reed has a very high rate of recovery, is not hosting any heritage value. It is mowed early and disposed of. <a href="/wiki/Grazing#Environmental" title="Grazing">Grazing</a> is not possible at the moment. The second, on the contrary, not densely colonized by this plant is much more of a fragile situation due to the presence of orchids and the <a href="/wiki/Sickle-bearing_bush_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Sickle-bearing bush cricket">sickle-bearing bush cricket</a> or <a href="/wiki/Long-horned_groundhopper" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-horned groundhopper">long-horned groundhopper</a>. Differentiated management is applied depending on the issues. At orchid stations, slight thinning is done early by hand pruning. The less dense areas where the grass is sparse (conducive to the long-horned groundhopper (<i>Tetrix tenuicornis</i>)) are pulled. In the newly opened areas, a systematic and annual pulling avoids expansion. Finally, dense areas, well exposed, are left in that state.<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE95_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE95-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many extensive areas of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_knotweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese knotweed">Japanese knotweed</a> (<i>Fallopia japonica</i>) are on the site. Heritage stations of <a href="/wiki/Common_butterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Common butterbur">common butterbur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hart%27s-tongue_fern" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart's-tongue fern">hart's-tongue fern</a>, colonized by invasive species, are managed by manual removal and disposal for incineration.<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE96_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE96-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bramble" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramble">bramble</a> (<i>Rubus</i> sp.) lie around the ruins and along the south-east of the site near the houses. Due to an interest in preserving wildlife (e.g. refuge for mammals, insects, nesting <a href="/wiki/Wren" title="Wren">wrens</a>), they are not eradicated but contained.<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE96_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE96-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Canada_golden-rod" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada golden-rod">Canada golden-rod</a> (<i>Solidago canadensis</i>) appeared in 2003 as a result of plant deposits. The threat proved to be serious the following year. Some stations show a significant concentration of the species, while isolated plants grow everywhere on the site. This plant is easily pulled by hand before flowering to prevent seed dispersal, and the shoots are burned.<sup id="cite_ref-Haouat52_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haouat52-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, <a href="/wiki/Panicled_aster" class="mw-redirect" title="Panicled aster">panicled aster</a> (<i>Symphyotrichum lanceolatum</i>) is also present among the invasive plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Haouat52_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haouat52-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their native countries, American asters are found in wet places. In France, these plants colonize relatively dry <a href="/wiki/Ruderal_species" title="Ruderal species">ruderal</a> areas (<a href="/wiki/Brownfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownfield">brownfields</a>, road shoulder ...) or wetlands. In this second case, asters show strong invasive behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the reserve, where the majority of areas are dry, this plant does not present special hazards and removal is managed easily.<sup id="cite_ref-Haouat52_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haouat52-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CalamagrostisEpigejos2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wood small-reed"><img alt="The large inflorescence of wood small-reed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/CalamagrostisEpigejos2.jpg/128px-CalamagrostisEpigejos2.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/CalamagrostisEpigejos2.jpg/193px-CalamagrostisEpigejos2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/CalamagrostisEpigejos2.jpg/257px-CalamagrostisEpigejos2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="2628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Wood_small-reed" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood small-reed">Wood small-reed</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanse_duizendknoop_R0020018.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese knotweed"><img alt="The large leaves and white inflorescence of the Japanese knotweed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Japanse_duizendknoop_R0020018.JPG/180px-Japanse_duizendknoop_R0020018.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Japanse_duizendknoop_R0020018.JPG/270px-Japanse_duizendknoop_R0020018.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Japanse_duizendknoop_R0020018.JPG/360px-Japanse_duizendknoop_R0020018.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_knotweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese knotweed">Japanese knotweed</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_fructicosus_owoce_646.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bramble"><img alt="Cluster of ripe berries on a bramble stem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rubus_fructicosus_owoce_646.jpg/180px-Rubus_fructicosus_owoce_646.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rubus_fructicosus_owoce_646.jpg/270px-Rubus_fructicosus_owoce_646.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rubus_fructicosus_owoce_646.jpg/360px-Rubus_fructicosus_owoce_646.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2310" data-file-height="1656" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Bramble" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramble">Bramble</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solidago_canadensis_20050815_248.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canada golden-rod"><img alt="Canada golden-rod has large yellow inflorescences" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Solidago_canadensis_20050815_248.jpg/135px-Solidago_canadensis_20050815_248.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Solidago_canadensis_20050815_248.jpg/202px-Solidago_canadensis_20050815_248.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Solidago_canadensis_20050815_248.jpg/270px-Solidago_canadensis_20050815_248.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Canada_golden-rod" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada golden-rod">Canada golden-rod</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection">Protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parcels of land owned by the <a href="/wiki/CPIE_Bocage_de_l%27Avesnois" title="CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois</a> were classified as a regional nature reserve on 25 May 2009 by decision of the <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Conseil Régional Nord-Pas-de-Calais</i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-rnf_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnf-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire site is included in a <a href="/wiki/Zone_naturelle_d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt_%C3%A9cologique,_faunistique_et_floristique" title="Zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique">ZNIEFF</a> type 1<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Château de Rametz (carrière des Nerviens)</i></span></i> and another of type 2<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Complexe écologique de la forêt de Mormal et des zones bocagères associées</i></span></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management_objectives">Management objectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Management objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChantierCarri%C3%A8redesNerviens2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Volunteers of the CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois grubbing-up Japanese knotweed along the path" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ChantierCarri%C3%A8redesNerviens2.JPG/220px-ChantierCarri%C3%A8redesNerviens2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ChantierCarri%C3%A8redesNerviens2.JPG/330px-ChantierCarri%C3%A8redesNerviens2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ChantierCarri%C3%A8redesNerviens2.JPG/440px-ChantierCarri%C3%A8redesNerviens2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Volunteers grubbing-up Japanese knotweed</figcaption></figure> <p>The second version of the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_management_scheme" title="Environmental management scheme">environmental management scheme</a> covers the period 2007–2012. It presents the knowledge, management, monitoring and vulgarization objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-z2s_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z2s-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The preservation of the existing diversity was the most important goal.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It required conservation of the heritage <a href="/wiki/Plant_community" title="Plant community">plant communities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tall-herb_fen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tall-herb fen">tall-herb fen</a> with <a href="/wiki/Common_butterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Common butterbur">common butterbur</a>, the chasmophytic vegetation with <a href="/wiki/Hart%27s-tongue_fern" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart's-tongue fern">hart's-tongue fern</a> and the woody fringe <i>Lathyro sylvestris – Astragaletum glycyphylli</i>. The survival of populations of <a href="/wiki/Round-leaved_wintergreen" class="mw-redirect" title="Round-leaved wintergreen">round-leaved wintergreen</a><sup id="cite_ref-CPIE92_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE92-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of <a href="/wiki/Man_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Man orchid">man orchid</a>, the two most interesting plants, was also a priority, as a strikeout against brush invasion in the open areas where <a href="/wiki/Bee_orchid" title="Bee orchid">bee orchid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramidal orchid">pyramidal orchid</a> grow. The natural forest dynamics are to be contained within areas of clear undergrowth or fringes with these species: <a href="/wiki/Common_spotted_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Common spotted orchid">common spotted orchid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zigzag_clover" class="mw-redirect" title="Zigzag clover">zigzag clover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesser_butterfly-orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser butterfly-orchid">lesser butterfly-orchid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pioneer areas with mushrooms should be preserved<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the invasive species contained.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artificial infrastructures (ruin, concrete pylons, walls and rock piles) should be utilized for the creation of new habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-CPIE96_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPIE96-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The education, interpretation and promotion of local heritage missions should also be continued,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the fauna knowledge was to be developed and floristic monitoring provided.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aceras_anthropophora_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Man orchid"><img alt="Its flowers resemble a human figure. The head is formed by the petals and sepals, and the suspended torso and limbs by the lobes of the labellum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Aceras_anthropophora_%28detail%29.jpg/135px-Aceras_anthropophora_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Aceras_anthropophora_%28detail%29.jpg/202px-Aceras_anthropophora_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Aceras_anthropophora_%28detail%29.jpg/270px-Aceras_anthropophora_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1905" data-file-height="2540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Man_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Man orchid">Man orchid</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyrola_rotundifolia_LT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Round-leaved wintergreen"><img alt="White little bell-shaped flowers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pyrola_rotundifolia_LT.jpg/132px-Pyrola_rotundifolia_LT.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pyrola_rotundifolia_LT.jpg/198px-Pyrola_rotundifolia_LT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pyrola_rotundifolia_LT.jpg/264px-Pyrola_rotundifolia_LT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Round-leaved_wintergreen" class="mw-redirect" title="Round-leaved wintergreen">Round-leaved wintergreen</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etais_Orchis_pyramidal.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pyramidal orchid"><img alt="Inflorescence is dense pyramid-shaped" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Etais_Orchis_pyramidal.JPG/135px-Etais_Orchis_pyramidal.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Etais_Orchis_pyramidal.JPG/202px-Etais_Orchis_pyramidal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Etais_Orchis_pyramidal.JPG/270px-Etais_Orchis_pyramidal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramidal orchid">Pyramidal orchid</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dactylorhiza_fuchsii_(flower_spikes).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common spotted orchid"><img alt="The labellum has purple stripes, the two lateral lobes are remote and shorter than the median lobe." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dactylorhiza_fuchsii_%28flower_spikes%29.jpg/135px-Dactylorhiza_fuchsii_%28flower_spikes%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dactylorhiza_fuchsii_%28flower_spikes%29.jpg/202px-Dactylorhiza_fuchsii_%28flower_spikes%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dactylorhiza_fuchsii_%28flower_spikes%29.jpg/270px-Dactylorhiza_fuchsii_%28flower_spikes%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2654" data-file-height="3538" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Common_spotted_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Common spotted orchid">Common spotted orchid</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessment_of_the_activities">Assessment of the activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Assessment of the activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Evaluation is in progress. However, a partial analysis is already underway.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Activities_carried_out">Activities carried out</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Activities carried out"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bavay's municipality has erected two barriers to prohibit access to motorized vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volunteers and employees of the <a href="/wiki/CPIE_Bocage_de_l%27Avesnois" title="CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois</a> manage the site regularly.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Management_of_the_diversity">Management of the diversity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Management of the diversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manual removal of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_knotweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese knotweed">Japanese knotweed</a> has preserved heritage stations of <a href="/wiki/Common_butterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Common butterbur">common butterbur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hart%27s-tongue_fern" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart's-tongue fern">hart's-tongue fern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early hand pruning was conducive to <a href="/wiki/Orchids" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchids">orchids</a>. The late mowing seems rather ineffective. The grubbing-up of the <a href="/wiki/Canada_golden-rod" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada golden-rod">Canada golden-rod</a> and American asters was successful. The bush clearing and selective logging have helped maintain the wood-fringe with <a href="/wiki/Narrow-leaved_everlasting-pea" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow-leaved everlasting-pea">narrow-leaved everlasting-pea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquorice_milkvetch" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquorice milkvetch">liquorice milkvetch</a>. <a href="/wiki/Common_spotted_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Common spotted orchid">Common spotted orchid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zigzag_clover" class="mw-redirect" title="Zigzag clover">zigzag clover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesser_butterfly-orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser butterfly-orchid">lesser butterfly-orchid</a>, species non-adapted to open areas, benefited areas without clearing. The low dry-stone walls probably favored the installation of <a href="/wiki/Viviparous_lizard" title="Viviparous lizard">viviparous lizard</a> or <a href="/wiki/Common_wall_lizard" class="mw-redirect" title="Common wall lizard">common wall lizard</a>, observed in 2013, but also the consolidation of the <a href="/wiki/Hart%27s-tongue_fern" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart's-tongue fern">hart's-tongue fern</a> population.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolution_des_effectifs_d%27Aceras_Homme-pendu_sur_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="This graph shows the fall in numbers of man orchid from 2006 to 2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Evolution_des_effectifs_d%27Aceras_Homme-pendu_sur_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.JPG/220px-Evolution_des_effectifs_d%27Aceras_Homme-pendu_sur_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Evolution_des_effectifs_d%27Aceras_Homme-pendu_sur_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.JPG/330px-Evolution_des_effectifs_d%27Aceras_Homme-pendu_sur_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Evolution_des_effectifs_d%27Aceras_Homme-pendu_sur_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.JPG/440px-Evolution_des_effectifs_d%27Aceras_Homme-pendu_sur_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.JPG 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of the size of population of man orchid.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dispositif_de_protection_des_plantules_d%27Aceras_homme-pendu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The young seedlings of man orchid are protected from rabbits and hares by protective tubes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dispositif_de_protection_des_plantules_d%27Aceras_homme-pendu.jpg/220px-Dispositif_de_protection_des_plantules_d%27Aceras_homme-pendu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dispositif_de_protection_des_plantules_d%27Aceras_homme-pendu.jpg/330px-Dispositif_de_protection_des_plantules_d%27Aceras_homme-pendu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dispositif_de_protection_des_plantules_d%27Aceras_homme-pendu.jpg/440px-Dispositif_de_protection_des_plantules_d%27Aceras_homme-pendu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Protective device of man orchid seedlings.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 2007 to 2012, the number of <a href="/wiki/Round-leaved_wintergreen" class="mw-redirect" title="Round-leaved wintergreen">round-leaved wintergreen</a> footage increased by 50 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, those of man orchid fall suddenly and continually. Whereas 27 plants were counted in 2003, the number reached a peak of 240 in 2006 with the uprooting of the wood small-reed, before collapsing to 13 plants in 2012, despite the continued management. The observation of gnawed seedlings can assume leaf consumption by herbivores. Protection against <a href="/wiki/Rodents" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodents">rodents</a> was established in 2013 and will be evaluated at flowering.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On this site, 171 plant species are surveyed. Given its size and poor soil, this diversity is notable.<sup id="cite_ref-Haouat80_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haouat80-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Management undertaken in recent years has been essential to maintaining open areas, the most threatened by <a href="/wiki/Primary_succession" title="Primary succession">primary succession</a>. Thus, the various vegetation layers (pioneer and mature woodland, bushy areas, open areas) provide a mosaic of habitats, and thus remarkable species.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Improved_knowledge_of_flora_and_fauna">Improved knowledge of flora and fauna</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Improved knowledge of flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides heritage plants monitoring, an additional inventory of <a href="/wiki/Orthoptera" title="Orthoptera">Orthoptera</a> is being undertaken; three new species were identified in 2013: <a href="/wiki/Common_pheasant" title="Common pheasant">common pheasant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_siskin" title="Eurasian siskin">Eurasian siskin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_wall_lizard" class="mw-redirect" title="Common wall lizard">common wall lizard</a>. Fourteen new plants were also identified.<sup id="cite_ref-Haouat80_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haouat80-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inventories of bats and mushrooms are being carried out by partners.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education,_interpretation_and_promotion_of_local_heritage"><span id="Education.2C_interpretation_and_promotion_of_local_heritage"></span>Education, interpretation and promotion of local heritage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Education, interpretation and promotion of local heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sortie_guid%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Some persons observe a protected plant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sortie_guid%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg/220px-Sortie_guid%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sortie_guid%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg/330px-Sortie_guid%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sortie_guid%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg/440px-Sortie_guid%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Guided outing in the site.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Guide#Wilderness_guide" title="Guide">Guided outing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Participatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory">participatory</a> management sessions are regularly held with the public<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_education" title="Agricultural education">agricultural colleges</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> managing. The <a href="/wiki/Heritage_interpretation" title="Heritage interpretation">heritage interpretation</a> site has yet to be finalized.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_opportunities">New opportunities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: New opportunities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Interreg" title="Interreg">Interreg</a> micro projects, established in February 2012, resulted in methodological exchanges on the management of reserves between two Belgian associations <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Réserves naturelles et ornithologiques de Belgique</i></span></i> and Natagora.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new <a href="/wiki/Environmental_management_scheme" title="Environmental management scheme">environmental management scheme</a> is now under consideration.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studies_of_the_reserve">Studies of the reserve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Studies of the reserve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following documents are available from the operator: <a href="/wiki/CPIE_Bocage_de_l%27Avesnois" title="CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois</a>. </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CPIE" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/CPIE_Bocage_de_l%27Avesnois" title="CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois</a> (2007). <i>Plan de gestion 2007–2012 de la réserve naturelle régionale de la carrière des Nerviens</i> [<i>Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve Environmental Management Scheme 2007–2012</i>] (in French). Gussignies: CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois. p. 141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plan+de+gestion+2007%E2%80%932012+de+la+r%C3%A9serve+naturelle+r%C3%A9gionale+de+la+carri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens&rft.place=Gussignies&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=CPIE+Bocage+de+l%27Avesnois&rft.date=2007&rft.au=CPIE+Bocage+de+l%27Avesnois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Haouat" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Haouat, Safia (2013). <i>Proposition d'évaluation du plan de gestion 2008–2012 de la Réserve Naturelle Régionale de la carrière des Nerviens dans le cadre du renouvellement de son plan de gestion</i> [<i>Assessment proposal of Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve Environmental Management Scheme 2008–2012 in the context of its renewal</i>] (in French). Gussignies: CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois. p. 107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proposition+d%27%C3%A9valuation+du+plan+de+gestion+2008%E2%80%932012+de+la+R%C3%A9serve+Naturelle+R%C3%A9gionale+de+la+carri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+dans+le+cadre+du+renouvellement+de+son+plan+de+gestion&rft.place=Gussignies&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=CPIE+Bocage+de+l%27Avesnois&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Haouat&rft.aufirst=Safia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bissey" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bissey, Virginie (2003). <i>Plan de gestion 2003–2007 de la future réserve naturelle régionale de Rametz</i> [<i>Rametz future Regional Nature Reserve Environmental Management Scheme 2003–2007</i>] (in French). Gussignies: Nord Nature Bavaisis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plan+de+gestion+2003%E2%80%932007+de+la+future+r%C3%A9serve+naturelle+r%C3%A9gionale+de+Rametz&rft.place=Gussignies&rft.pub=Nord+Nature+Bavaisis&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Bissey&rft.aufirst=Virginie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Julve" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Julve, Philippe (2003). <i>Étude de la flore et de la végétation de l'ancienne carrière de Rametz</i> [<i>Study of flora and vegetation of the old Rametz quarry</i>] (in French). Gussignies: Nord Nature Bavaisis. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89tude+de+la+flore+et+de+la+v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tation+de+l%27ancienne+carri%C3%A8re+de+Rametz&rft.place=Gussignies&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Nord+Nature+Bavaisis&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Julve&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lecron" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lecron, Jean-Michel (2013). <i>Inventaire des Bryophytes de la Réserve naturelle régionale de la Carrière des Nerviens</i> [<i>Inventory of Bryophytes of the Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve</i>] (in French). Bailleul: Conservatoire Botanique National de Bailleul.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventaire+des+Bryophytes+de+la+R%C3%A9serve+naturelle+r%C3%A9gionale+de+la+Carri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens&rft.place=Bailleul&rft.pub=Conservatoire+Botanique+National+de+Bailleul&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Lecron&rft.aufirst=Jean-Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lecuru" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lecuru, Christophe; Courtecuisse, Régis (2004). <i>Rapport d'étude mycologique (inventaire et évaluation patrimoniale) sur le bois d'Encade (Gussignies) et la carrière de Rametz</i> [<i>Mycology study report (inventory and heritage evaluation) in the bois d'Encade (Gussignies) and Rametz quarry</i>] (in French). Lille: A.R.U.M. (Association de Recherches Universitaires Multi-disciplinaires), Département de Botanique.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rapport+d%27%C3%A9tude+mycologique+%28inventaire+et+%C3%A9valuation+patrimoniale%29+sur+le+bois+d%27Encade+%28Gussignies%29+et+la+carri%C3%A8re+de+Rametz&rft.place=Lille&rft.pub=A.R.U.M.+%28Association+de+Recherches+Universitaires+Multi-disciplinaires%29%2C+D%C3%A9partement+de+Botanique&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Lecuru&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft.au=Courtecuisse%2C+R%C3%A9gis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_quarry_and_geology">History of quarry and geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: History of quarry and geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="AFAS" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Association française pour l'avancement des sciences (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012004043/http://nordnum.univ-lille3.fr/sdx/nordnum/consultation.xsp?b=B590092218&d=0000FL257_002&mime=pdf"><i>Lille et la région du nord en 1909</i></a> [<i>Lille and the northern region in 1909</i>] (in French). Lille: imp. I. Danel. p. XIII, 1061. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nordnum.univ-lille3.fr/sdx/nordnum/consultation.xsp?b=B590092218&d=0000FL257_002&mime=pdf">the original</a> on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lille+et+la+r%C3%A9gion+du+nord+en+1909&rft.place=Lille&rft.pages=XIII%2C+1061&rft.pub=imp.+I.+Danel&rft.date=1909&rft.au=Association+fran%C3%A7aise+pour+l%27avancement+des+sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnordnum.univ-lille3.fr%2Fsdx%2Fnordnum%2Fconsultation.xsp%3Fb%3DB590092218%26d%3D0000FL257_002%26mime%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Wallonie" class="citation book cs1">Boulvain, Frédéric; Pingot, Jean-Louis (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/111200/1/ss_sol_wal.pdf"><i>Genèse du sous-sol de la Wallonie</i></a> [<i>Genesis of the Wallonia subsoil</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bruxelles: Académie royale de Belgique. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8031-0288-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8031-0288-4"><bdi>978-2-8031-0288-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gen%C3%A8se+du+sous-sol+de+la+Wallonie&rft.place=Bruxelles&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Acad%C3%A9mie+royale+de+Belgique&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-2-8031-0288-4&rft.aulast=Boulvain&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Pingot%2C+Jean-Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forbi.ulg.ac.be%2Fbitstream%2F2268%2F111200%2F1%2Fss_sol_wal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="BRGM1972" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ficheinfoterre.brgm.fr/Notices/0029N.pdf"><i>Carte géologique à 1/50000: Le Quesnoy</i></a> [<i>Geologic card to 1/50000: Le Quesnoy</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières. p. 19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carte+g%C3%A9ologique+%C3%A0+1%2F50000%3A+Le+Quesnoy&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Bureau+de+Recherches+G%C3%A9ologiques+et+Mini%C3%A8res&rft.date=1972&rft.au=Bureau+de+Recherches+G%C3%A9ologiques+et+Mini%C3%A8res&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fficheinfoterre.brgm.fr%2FNotices%2F0029N.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="BRGM2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sigesnpc.brgm.fr/spip.php?article139">"Géologie en Nord-Pas de Calais"</a> [Geology in Nord-Pas-de-Calais] (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G%C3%A9ologie+en+Nord-Pas+de+Calais&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Bureau+de+Recherches+G%C3%A9ologiques+et+Mini%C3%A8res&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsigesnpc.brgm.fr%2Fspip.php%3Farticle139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="iceage" class="citation book cs1">Copper, Paul (2002). "Silurian and Devonian Reefs: 80 Million Years of Global Greenhouse Between Two Ice Ages". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sp.sepmonline.org/content/sepspecpub/sepsppha/1/SEC7.abstract.html"><i>Phanerozoic Reef Patterns</i></a>. Vol. 72. pp. 181–238. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2110%2Fpec.02.72.0181">10.2110/pec.02.72.0181</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56576-081-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-56576-081-6"><bdi>1-56576-081-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Silurian+and+Devonian+Reefs%3A+80+Million+Years+of+Global+Greenhouse+Between+Two+Ice+Ages&rft.btitle=Phanerozoic+Reef+Patterns&rft.pages=181-238&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2110%2Fpec.02.72.0181&rft.isbn=1-56576-081-6&rft.aulast=Copper&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsp.sepmonline.org%2Fcontent%2Fsepspecpub%2Fsepsppha%2F1%2FSEC7.abstract.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Cornet" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cornet, Jules (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/annalesdelasoci00belggoog">"Compte-rendu de la session extraordinaire de la société géologique de Belgique tenue à Mons du 26 au 27 septembre 1899"</a> [Record of the extraordinary session of the Geologic Society of Belgium held in Mons from 26 to 27 September 1899]. <i>Annales de la société géologique de Belgique</i> (in French). <b>26</b>. Société géologique de Belgique: CCCVI, 177, 41, XXVIII<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+de+la+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+g%C3%A9ologique+de+Belgique&rft.atitle=Compte-rendu+de+la+session+extraordinaire+de+la+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+g%C3%A9ologique+de+Belgique+tenue+%C3%A0+Mons+du+26+au+27+septembre+1899&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=CCCVI%2C+177%2C+41%2C+XXVIII&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Cornet&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fannalesdelasoci00belggoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lad1879" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ladrière, Jules (5 November 1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57667293/f10">"Documents nouveaux pour l'étude du terrain dévonien des environs de Bavay"</a> [New documents for the study of Devonian near Bavay]. <i>Annales de la Société géologique du Nord</i> (in French). <b>VII</b>. Société géologique du Nord: 1–11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+g%C3%A9ologique+du+Nord&rft.atitle=Documents+nouveaux+pour+l%27%C3%A9tude+du+terrain+d%C3%A9vonien+des+environs+de+Bavay&rft.volume=VII&rft.pages=1-11&rft.date=1879-11-05&rft.aulast=Ladri%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k57667293%2Ff10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadrière1881" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ladrière, Jules (4 May 1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5724420m/f142">"Etude géologique sur les tranchées du chemin de fer du Quesnoy à Dour"</a> [Geologic study on the railway trenches of the line Le Quesnoy-Dour]. <i>Annales de la Société géologique du Nord</i> (in French). <b>XIII</b>. Société géologique du Nord: 135–176<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+g%C3%A9ologique+du+Nord&rft.atitle=Etude+g%C3%A9ologique+sur+les+tranch%C3%A9es+du+chemin+de+fer+du+Quesnoy+%C3%A0+Dour&rft.volume=XIII&rft.pages=135-176&rft.date=1881-05-04&rft.aulast=Ladri%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k5724420m%2Ff142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lad1905" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ladrière, Jules (September 1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5748289q/f79">"Les affleurements du Terrain Dévonien dans les environs de Bavai"</a> [Devonian outcrops near Bavai]. <i>Annales de la Société géologique du Nord</i> (in French). <b>XXXIV</b>. Société géologique du Nord: 205–264<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+g%C3%A9ologique+du+Nord&rft.atitle=Les+affleurements+du+Terrain+D%C3%A9vonien+dans+les+environs+de+Bavai&rft.volume=XXXIV&rft.pages=205-264&rft.date=1905-09&rft.aulast=Ladri%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k5748289q%2Ff79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Aye" class="citation web cs1">National Stratigraphic Commission Belgium (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012021439/http://ncs.drupalgardens.com/devonian/4-famennian-lithostratigraphic-units">"Famennian Lithostratigraphic Units"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncs.drupalgardens.com/devonian/4-famennian-lithostratigraphic-units">the original</a> on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famennian+Lithostratigraphic+Units&rft.date=2013&rft.au=National+Stratigraphic+Commission+Belgium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fncs.drupalgardens.com%2Fdevonian%2F4-famennian-lithostratigraphic-units&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="fossiliraptordev" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van Bellingen, Luc (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012022326/http://www.fossiliraptor.be/le%20devonien.htm">"Géologie du Dévonien"</a> [Devonian geology] (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fossiliraptor.be/le%20devonien.htm#Géologie">the original</a> on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G%C3%A9ologie+du+D%C3%A9vonien&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Van+Bellingen&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fossiliraptor.be%2Fle%2520devonien.htm%23G%C3%A9ologie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="fossiliraptorfam" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van Bellingen, Luc (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fossiliraptor.be/sitesprospectes.htm#Le_Famennien">"Le Famennien"</a> [Famennian] (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Famennien&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Van+Bellingen&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fossiliraptor.be%2Fsitesprospectes.htm%23Le_Famennien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology_and_management">Ecology and management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Ecology and management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Duhamel" class="citation journal cs1">Duhamel, Françoise; Catteau, Emmanuel (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012051531/http://www.cbnbl.org/IMG/pdf/Inventaire_veg_NPC_v1.pdf">"Inventaire des végétations de la région Nord-Pas de Calais: Partie 1. Analyse synsystématique. Évaluation patrimoniale (influence anthropique, raretés, menaces et statuts). Liste des végétations disparues ou menacées"</a> [Inventory of the vegetations of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region: Part 1. Synsytematic analysis. Heritage assessment (anthropogenic influence, rarities, threats and statutes). List of extirpated or threatened vegetations.] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin de la Société de Botanique du Nord de la France</i>. <b>63</b> (1). Centre régional de phytosociologie agréé Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul, avec la collaboration du collectif phytosociologique interrégional: 1–83. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbnbl.org/IMG/pdf/Inventaire_veg_NPC_v1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+Botanique+du+Nord+de+la+France&rft.atitle=Inventaire+des+v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tations+de+la+r%C3%A9gion+Nord-Pas+de+Calais%3A+Partie+1.+Analyse+synsyst%C3%A9matique.+%C3%89valuation+patrimoniale+%28influence+anthropique%2C+raret%C3%A9s%2C+menaces+et+statuts%29.+Liste+des+v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tations+disparues+ou+menac%C3%A9es.&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-83&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Duhamel&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rft.au=Catteau%2C+Emmanuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbnbl.org%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2FInventaire_veg_NPC_v1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="EUR28" class="citation web cs1">European commission (April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/docs/Int_Manual_EU28.pdf">"Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats:EUR 28"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interpretation+Manual+of+European+Union+Habitats%3AEUR+28&rft.date=2013-04&rft.au=European+commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fenvironment%2Fnature%2Flegislation%2Fhabitatsdirective%2Fdocs%2FInt_Manual_EU28.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="LROdonates" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">GON, SfO et CFR (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odonates.pnaopie.fr/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/LRR_Odonate_NPdC_TableauSynt.pdf">"Liste rouge régionale – Nord – Pas-de-Calais: Les Odonates du Nord–Pas-de-Calais"</a> [Nord-Pas-de-Calais red regional list: Odonata of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liste+rouge+r%C3%A9gionale+%E2%80%93+Nord+%E2%80%93+Pas-de-Calais%3A+Les+Odonates+du+Nord%E2%80%93Pas-de-Calais&rft.date=2012&rft.au=GON%2C+SfO+et+CFR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodonates.pnaopie.fr%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F01%2FLRR_Odonate_NPdC_TableauSynt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ZNIEFFCommentaires" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">INPN (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inpn.mnhn.fr/zone/znieff/310030028/tab/commentaires">"ZNIEFF 310030028 - Château de Rametz (carrière des Nerviens): Commentaires"</a> [ZNIEFF 310030028 - Château de Rametz (carrière des Nerviens): Comments] (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZNIEFF+310030028+-+Ch%C3%A2teau+de+Rametz+%28carri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens%29%3A+Commentaires&rft.date=2013&rft.au=INPN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finpn.mnhn.fr%2Fzone%2Fznieff%2F310030028%2Ftab%2Fcommentaires&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ZNIEFFEspèces" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">INPN (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inpn.mnhn.fr/zone/znieff/310030028/tab/especes">"ZNIEFF 310030028 - Château de Rametz (carrière des Nerviens): Espèces"</a> [ZNIEFF 310030028 - Château de Rametz (carrière des Nerviens): Species] (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZNIEFF+310030028+-+Ch%C3%A2teau+de+Rametz+%28carri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens%29%3A+Esp%C3%A8ces&rft.date=2013&rft.au=INPN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finpn.mnhn.fr%2Fzone%2Fznieff%2F310030028%2Ftab%2Fespeces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="bryo" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lecron, Jean-Michel; Hauguel, Jean-Christophe (May 2013). Toussaint, Benoît (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012020020/http://www.cbnbl.org/IMG/zip/catalogue_bryophytes_npc_version_1a_mai_2013_.zip"><i>Inventaire des Bryophytes du Nord-Pas de Calais: statuts, rareté et menace</i></a> [<i>Inventory of the Bryophytes of Nord-Pas-de-Calais: statutes, rarities and threats</i>] (in French) (1a ed.). Bailleul: Centre régional de phytosociologie agréé Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul, avec la collaboration du Collectif des Bryologues du Nord-Ouest de la France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbnbl.org/IMG/zip/catalogue_bryophytes_npc_version_1a_mai_2013_.zip">the original</a> on 2013-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventaire+des+Bryophytes+du+Nord-Pas+de+Calais%3A+statuts%2C+raret%C3%A9+et+menace&rft.place=Bailleul&rft.edition=1a&rft.pub=Centre+r%C3%A9gional+de+phytosociologie+agr%C3%A9%C3%A9+Conservatoire+botanique+national+de+Bailleul%2C+avec+la+collaboration+du+Collectif+des+Bryologues+du+Nord-Ouest+de+la+France&rft.date=2013-05&rft.aulast=Lecron&rft.aufirst=Jean-Michel&rft.au=Hauguel%2C+Jean-Christophe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbnbl.org%2FIMG%2Fzip%2Fcatalogue_bryophytes_npc_version_1a_mai_2013_.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="mull" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Muller, Serge, ed. (2004). <i>Plantes invasives en France: État des connaissances et propositions d'actions</i> [<i>Invasive Plants in France: states of knowledge and action proposals</i>]. Patrimoines naturels (in French). Vol. 62. Paris: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85653-570-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-85653-570-7"><bdi>978-2-85653-570-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plantes+invasives+en+France%3A+%C3%89tat+des+connaissances+et+propositions+d%27actions&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Patrimoines+naturels&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Mus%C3%A9um+national+d%27Histoire+naturelle&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-2-85653-570-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="décret" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">République française (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000871938">"Arrêté du 1 avril 1991 relatif à la liste des espèces végétales protégées en région Nord - Pas-de-Calais complétant la liste nationale"</a> [Order of 1 April 1991 relating to the list of protected plants in Nord-Pas-de-Calais region completing the national list] (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+du+1+avril+1991+relatif+%C3%A0+la+liste+des+esp%C3%A8ces+v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tales+prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9es+en+r%C3%A9gion+Nord+-+Pas-de-Calais+compl%C3%A9tant+la+liste+nationale&rft.date=1991&rft.au=R%C3%A9publique+fran%C3%A7aise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichTexte.do%3FcidTexte%3DJORFTEXT000000871938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Rhind" class="citation web cs1">Rhind, Peter Martin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrestrial-biozones.net/Holarctic%20Ecosystems/Atlantic%20European%20Ecosystems.html">"Atlantic European Ecosystems"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlantic+European+Ecosystems&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Rhind%2C+Peter+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrestrial-biozones.net%2FHolarctic%2520Ecosystems%2FAtlantic%2520European%2520Ecosystems.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Toussaint" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Toussaint, Benoît, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007045353/http://www.cbnbl.org/IMG/pdf/introcatanpc2010_version_4b_2011.pdf"><i>Inventaire de la flore vasculaire du Nord-Pas de Calais (Ptéridophytes et Spermatophytes): raretés, protections, menaces et statuts</i></a> [<i>Inventory of the vascular flora of the Nord-Pas de Calais (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta): rarities, protection, threats and status</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French) (4b ed.). Bailleul: Centre régional de phytosociologie agréé Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul, avec la collaboration du Collectif botanique du Nord-Pas de Calais. pp. I–XX, 1–62. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbnbl.org/IMG/pdf/introcatanpc2010_version_4b_2011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventaire+de+la+flore+vasculaire+du+Nord-Pas+de+Calais+%28Pt%C3%A9ridophytes+et+Spermatophytes%29%3A+raret%C3%A9s%2C+protections%2C+menaces+et+statuts&rft.place=Bailleul&rft.pages=I-XX%2C+1-62&rft.edition=4b&rft.pub=Centre+r%C3%A9gional+de+phytosociologie+agr%C3%A9%C3%A9+Conservatoire+botanique+national+de+Bailleul%2C+avec+la+collaboration+du+Collectif+botanique+du+Nord-Pas+de+Calais&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbnbl.org%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Fintrocatanpc2010_version_4b_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Natagora" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Swinnen, Vincent (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012044002/http://www.natagora.be/fileadmin/Regionales/Centre_Ouest_Hainaut/Echo_des_Marais/2012/Echo_79.pdf">"Première collaboration transfrontalière pour notre Régionale !"</a> [First cross-border cooperation for our regional] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Echo des Marais</i> (in French) (79). Natagora: 12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natagora.be/fileadmin/Regionales/Centre_Ouest_Hainaut/Echo_des_Marais/2012/Echo_79.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Echo+des+Marais&rft.atitle=Premi%C3%A8re+collaboration+transfrontali%C3%A8re+pour+notre+R%C3%A9gionale+%21&rft.issue=79&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Swinnen&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.natagora.be%2Ffileadmin%2FRegionales%2FCentre_Ouest_Hainaut%2FEcho_des_Marais%2F2012%2FEcho_79.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="VDN" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">La Voix du Nord (17 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/Locales/Maubeuge/actualite/Autour_de_Maubeuge/De_Jeumont_a_Bavay/2010/09/17/article_chantier-nature-demain-avec-le-cpie.shtml">"Chantier nature demain avec le CPIE"</a> [Nature management tomorrow with CPIE] (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chantier+nature+demain+avec+le+CPIE&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft.au=La+Voix+du+Nord&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavoixdunord.fr%2FLocales%2FMaubeuge%2Factualite%2FAutour_de_Maubeuge%2FDe_Jeumont_a_Bavay%2F2010%2F09%2F17%2Farticle_chantier-nature-demain-avec-le-cpie.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_references">Other references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Other references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bromwich" class="citation book cs1">Bromwich, James (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AT15oYY762wC"><i>The Roman Remains of Northern and Eastern France: A Guidebook</i></a>. Routledge. p. 480. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415139946" title="Special:BookSources/9780415139946"><bdi>9780415139946</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Remains+of+Northern+and+Eastern+France%3A+A+Guidebook&rft.pages=480&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780415139946&rft.aulast=Bromwich&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAT15oYY762wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CR" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Conseil Régional Nord-Pas-de-Calais (25 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inpn.mnhn.fr/docs/rnr/FR930008120090525.pdf">"Délibération de création de la réserve"</a> [Deliberation of the creation of the reserve] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9lib%C3%A9ration+de+cr%C3%A9ation+de+la+r%C3%A9serve&rft.date=2009-05-25&rft.au=Conseil+R%C3%A9gional+Nord-Pas-de-Calais&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finpn.mnhn.fr%2Fdocs%2Frnr%2FFR930008120090525.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="RNF" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Réserves naturelles de France (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reserves-naturelles.org/carriere-des-nerviens">"Carrière des Nerviens"</a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens&rft.date=2012&rft.au=R%C3%A9serves+naturelles+de+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reserves-naturelles.org%2Fcarriere-des-nerviens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarri%C3%A8re+des+Nerviens+Regional+Nature+Reserve" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Carrière des Nerviens's site is 4.5 hectares (11 acres). But only the property of the <a href="/wiki/CPIE_Bocage_de_l%27Avesnois" title="CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois</a> is classified of the regional nature reserve; the parcels belonging to other owners were not classified.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The activity is already attested in 1881: "<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">À 100 mètres du pont du chemin de fer, dans une prairie située en face de l'usine de M. Levent, on exploite les psammites du Condros (...)</i></span></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-Ladrière1881_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladrière1881-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it seems to be later than 1879 because the same author then wrote: "<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le dernier affleurement de psammites visible le long du ruisseau de Bavai, se trouve dans une grande prairie en face de l'usine de M. Levent.</i></span></i>"<sup id="cite_ref-Ladrière1879_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ladrière1879-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Association française pour l'avancement des sciences</i></span></i> wrote that in the Bavay quarry ""<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le travail est le même qu'à Watissart et les matériaux extraits sont identiques et classés de la même façon</i></span></i>",<sup id="cite_ref-AFAS_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFAS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the work is the same and extracted materials are identical and classified in the same way as at the Watissart quarry located in <a href="/wiki/Jeumont" title="Jeumont">Jeumont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In France, an environmental management scheme is defined by the <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Code de l'environnement</i></span></i> (article R332-43). A scientific council must validate it to obtain or maintain the accreditation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These quarried rocks are no longer visible on the site, as they were fully covered by embankments.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some geologists also call those sandstones <a href="/wiki/Psammite" title="Psammite">psammite</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The ecological units have been classified by <a href="/wiki/Phytosociology" title="Phytosociology">Phytosociology</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The heritage value of the plants is defined by the inventory of the vascular flora of the Nord-Pas de Calais<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Lizard_orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizard orchid">lizard orchid</a> (<i>Himantoglossum hircinum</i>) has not been seen in the reserve since 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Regional Red List was established by Régis Courtecuisse in 1997 and published in <i>Cryptogamie, Mycologie</i>, <b>18</b>, no 3, pp. 183–219 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0181-1584">0181-1584</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Trichoglossum hirsutum</i> is vulnerable in the Regional Red List. This species likes moist and mossy grassy places.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hebeloma clavulipes</i> was identified for the first time in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. It was therefore not included in the Red List of 1997. It is an extomycorhizic species of willows in the reserve.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ZNIEFF is an acronym for <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Zone Naturelle d'Intérêt Écologique, Faunistique et Floristique</i></span></i>, natural area of ecological, faunal and floral interest. The designation of a ZNIEFF is essentially based on the presence of species or groups of species with high heritage value</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ZNIEFF type 1, of small size, are environmentally homogeneous spaces and have at least one species and / or rare or threatened habitat of local and regional, national or community interest, or they are spaces of great interest in the functioning of the local ecology.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ZNIEFF type 2 are very rich natural sets, or slightly modified, which provide important biological potential. They may include ZNIEFF type 1 and have a functional role and an ecological and landscape coherence.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_r%C3%A9gionale_de_la_carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens" class="extiw" title="c:category:Réserve naturelle régionale de la carrière des Nerviens">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Carri%C3%A8re_des_Nerviens_Regional_Nature_Reserve" class="extiw" title="voy:Carrière des Nerviens Regional Nature Reserve">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rnf-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rnf_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rnf_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#RNF">Réserves naturelles de France 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Haouat">Haouat 2013</a>, p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPIE">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois 2007</a>, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPIE18-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CPIE18_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPIE18_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPIE">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois 2007</a>, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPIE21-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CPIE21_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPIE21_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPIE">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois 2007</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPIE">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois 2007</a>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Rhind">Rhind 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EUR28-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EUR28_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EUR28_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#EUR28">European Commission 2013</a>, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ladrière1881-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ladrière1881_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladrière1881_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladrière1881_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLadrière1881">Ladrière 1881</a>, p. 154</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ladrière1879-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ladrière1879_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ladrière1879_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lad1879">Ladrière 1879</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFAS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AFAS_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFAS_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#AFAS">Association française pour l'avancement des sciences 1909</a>, p. 280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#AFAS">Association française pour l'avancement des sciences 1909</a>, p. 281</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#AFAS">Association française pour l'avancement des sciences 1909</a>, pp. 277–280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPIE">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois 2007</a>, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bissey">Bissey 2003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CR">Conseil Régional Nord-Pas-de-Calais 2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bromwich">Bromwich 2013</a>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#BRGM2013">Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wallonie-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wallonie_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wallonie_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Wallonie">Boulvain & Pingot 2011</a>, p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#iceage">Copper 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fossiliraptordev">Luc Van Bellingen 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#BRGM1972">Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières 1972</a>, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Aye">National Stratigraphic Commission Belgium 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fossiliraptorfam">Luc Van Bellingen 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#BRGM1972">Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières 1972</a>, pp. 8–9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="#BRGM1972">Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières 1972</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Cornet">Cornet 1899</a>, pp. CCXI–CCXII</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#BRGM1972">Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières 1972</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Julve">Julve 2003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#EUR28">European Commission 2013</a>, p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a 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href="#cite_ref-Haouat35_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Haouat">Haouat 2013</a>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Toussaint">Toussaint 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MNHNespèces-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MNHNespèces_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MNHNespèces_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ZNIEFFEspèces">INPN 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-z2s-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-z2s_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-z2s_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPIE">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois 2007</a>, pp. 92–104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span 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href="#Lecron">Lecron 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#bryo">Lecron, Toussaint & Hauguel 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lecuru">Lecuru & Courtecuisse 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPIE">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois 2007</a>, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPIE75-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CPIE75_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPIE75_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPIE75_69-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CPIE">CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois 2007</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li 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href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Haouat">Haouat 2013</a>, p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#VDN">La Voix du Nord 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Haouat">Haouat 2013</a>, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Natagora">Swinnen 2012</a>, pp. 4–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Haouat">Haouat 2013</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 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