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(PDF) Complexity and its observer. Does complexity increase in the course of evolution? | Manfred Füllsack - Academia.edu
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Does complexity increase in the course of evolution? | Manfred Füllsack - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/720160/Complexity_and_its_observer_Does_complexity_increase_in_the_course_of_evolution" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732422438000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732422438000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The paper endeavors to gain a better understanding of the role of the observer in attempts to answer questions like “what is complexity?”, “can it be measured?” and “does it increase?”. Following Murray Gell-Mann and others in considering complexity observer-dependent, conceptions of Spencer-Brown, of Luhmann and of Varela and Maturana are taken to draft a formal conception of observation and to discuss on its base suggestions like informational (Shannon), algorithmic (Solomonov, Kolmogorov, Chaitin), statistical (Crutchfield) and physical (Adami) complexity. Finally, in order to illuminate the concept of the observer further, the presumably indispensable aspect of complexity reduction is illustrated with the help of a Genetic Algorithm.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Manfred Füllsack"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2011-07-05","dateModified":"2014-05-26","datePublished":null,"headline":"Complexity and its observer. 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Following Murray Gell-Mann and others in considering complexity observer-dependent, conceptions of Spencer-Brown, of Luhmann and of Varela and Maturana are taken to draft a formal conception of observation and to discuss on its base suggestions like informational (Shannon), algorithmic (Solomonov, Kolmogorov, Chaitin), statistical (Crutchfield) and physical (Adami) complexity. Finally, in order to illuminate the concept of the observer further, the presumably indispensable aspect of complexity reduction is illustrated with the help of a Genetic Algorithm. ","more_info":"paper, presented at the 11th Congress of the Austrian Philosophical Society (OeGP) 2. - 4. 6. 2011, at the University of Vienna "},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Complexity and its observer. Does complexity increase in the course of evolution? ","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [140425]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":30851618,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Complexity and its observer. 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Does complexity increase in the course of evolution? </h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="140425" href="https://uni-graz.academia.edu/ManfredF%C3%BCllsack"><img alt="Profile image of Manfred Füllsack" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/140425/353912/423287/s65_manfred.f_llsack.jpg" />Manfred Füllsack</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The paper endeavors to gain a better understanding of the role of the observer in attempts to answer questions like “what is complexity?”, “can it be measured?” and “does it increase?”. Following Murray Gell-Mann and others in considering complexity observer-dependent, conceptions of Spencer-Brown, of Luhmann and of Varela and Maturana are taken to draft a formal conception of observation and to discuss on its base suggestions like informational (Shannon), algorithmic (Solomonov, Kolmogorov, Chaitin), statistical (Crutchfield) and physical (Adami) complexity. Finally, in order to illuminate the concept of the observer further, the presumably indispensable aspect of complexity reduction is illustrated with the help of a Genetic Algorithm. </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":30851618,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/720160/Complexity_and_its_observer_Does_complexity_increase_in_the_course_of_evolution"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":30851618,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/720160/Complexity_and_its_observer_Does_complexity_increase_in_the_course_of_evolution"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="30851618" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/720160/Complexity_and_its_observer_Does_complexity_increase_in_the_course_of_evolution" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="279004" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/279004/Evolution_of_Complexity">Evolution of Complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="151252" href="https://unam.academia.edu/CarlosGershenson">Carlos Gershenson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Artificial Life, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution of Complexity","attachmentId":1256096,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/279004/Evolution_of_Complexity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/279004/Evolution_of_Complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="23480657" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23480657/On_the_increase_in_complexity_in_evolution_II_The_relativity_of_complexity_and_the_principle_of_minimum_increase">On the increase in complexity in evolution II. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/8488872/A_Note_on_Why_Natural_Selection_Leads_to_Complexity">A Note on Why Natural Selection Leads to Complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="178803" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/BillBenzon">Bill Benzon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs"> Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 1990</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">While science has accepted biological evolution through natural selection, there is no generally agreed explanation for why evolution leads to ever more complex organisms. Evolution yields organismic complexity because the universe is, in its very fabric, inherently complex, as suggested by Ilya Prigogine's work on dissipative structures. Because the universe is complex, increments in organismic complexity yield survival benefits: (1) more efficient extraction of energy and matter, (2) more flexible response to vicissitudes, (3) more effective search. J.J. Gibson's ecological psychology provides a clue to the advantages of sophisticated information processing while the lore of computational theory suggests that a complex computer is needed efficiently to perform complex computations (i.e. sophisticated information processing).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Note on Why Natural Selection Leads to Complexity","attachmentId":34870587,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8488872/A_Note_on_Why_Natural_Selection_Leads_to_Complexity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8488872/A_Note_on_Why_Natural_Selection_Leads_to_Complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="37319936" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37319936/Natural_Selection_and_Complexity">Natural Selection and Complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11929836" href="https://uned.academia.edu/GiorgioAiroldi">Giorgio Airoldi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The alleged Darwinian fundamental tenet that Natural Selection explains the complexity of life is controversial. While adaptationist narratives aims at formalizing it based on the hypothesis that phenotypic traits result from fitness optimization , mechanisms alternative to Natural Selection have been proposed to explain the tendency of organisms towards increasing complex designs. The thesis of this paper is that, in order to clarify to which extent Natural Selection or other forces are the relevant explicans, it is necessary to recognize that there is a wide range of radically different evolutionary facts, to which no univocal definition of complexity increase is applicable. To classify them, we introduce a bi-dimensional space by adding robustness to fitness as the second dimension to measure design and design changes. In this space, it is possible to distinguish the impact of selective and non-selective mechanisms behind each class of evolutionary fact, and the correspondent different classes of complexity increase.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Natural Selection and Complexity","attachmentId":57276875,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37319936/Natural_Selection_and_Complexity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37319936/Natural_Selection_and_Complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":30851618,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":30851618,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_30851618" style="display: none"><div class="scribd--being-converted-container">This document is currently being converted. 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href="https://kingston.academia.edu/RussellStandish">Russell Standish</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A ug 2 00 5 The importance of the observer in science","attachmentId":80363071,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70741454/A_ug_2_00_5_The_importance_of_the_observer_in_science","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70741454/A_ug_2_00_5_The_importance_of_the_observer_in_science"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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Information</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="97659" href="https://uta-fi.academia.edu/PanuRaatikainen">Panu Raatikainen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Reports from the Department of Philosophy, 1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Complexity and Information","attachmentId":3249480,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/343128/Complexity_and_Information","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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