CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Second Anglo-Dutch War - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3a968249-9d17-4b37-a4fc-9e5f89093168","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Second_Anglo-Dutch_War","wgTitle":"Second Anglo-Dutch War","wgCurRevisionId":1255772091,"wgRevisionId":1255772091,"wgArticleId":65614,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Dutch-language text","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from May 2019","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020","Second Anglo-Dutch War","1660s in Europe","1665 in Denmark","1665 in England","1665 in Norway","1665 in the Dutch Empire","1667 in Denmark","1667 in England", "1667 in Norway","1667 in the Dutch Empire","17th century in Denmark","17th-century conflicts","17th-century military history of the Kingdom of England","Anglo-Dutch Wars","Conflicts in 1665","Conflicts in 1666","Conflicts in 1667","Dutch Republic–England relations","Wars involving Denmark","Wars involving Norway","Charles II of England","James II of England"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Second_Anglo-Dutch_War","wgRelevantArticleId":65614,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true, "watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q916495","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg/1200px-Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg/800px-Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="569"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg/640px-Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="455"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Second Anglo-Dutch War - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Second_Anglo-Dutch_War rootpage-Second_Anglo-Dutch_War skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Second+Anglo-Dutch+War" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Second+Anglo-Dutch+War" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Second+Anglo-Dutch+War" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Second+Anglo-Dutch+War" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opposing_forces_and_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposing_forces_and_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Opposing forces and tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposing_forces_and_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe;_1665" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe;_1665"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Europe; 1665</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe;_1665-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe;_1666" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe;_1666"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Europe; 1666</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe;_1666-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe;_1667" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe;_1667"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Europe; 1667</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe;_1667-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_in_the_Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_in_the_Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>War in the Caribbean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_in_the_Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Treaty_of_Breda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_of_Breda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Treaty of Breda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_of_Breda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Anglo-Dutch War</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحرب الإنجليزية الهولندية الثانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب الإنجليزية الهولندية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_anglo-neerlandesa" title="Segunda Guerra anglo-neerlandesa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Segunda Guerra anglo-neerlandesa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_ingilis-holland_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si" title="İkinci ingilis-holland müharibəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İkinci ingilis-holland müharibəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_-_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ایکینجی اینگیلیس - هولند ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی اینگیلیس - هولند ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-j%C4%AB-chh%C3%B9_Eng-H%C3%B4_Chi%C3%A0n-cheng" title="Tē-jī-chhù Eng-Hô Chiàn-cheng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-jī-chhù Eng-Hô Chiàn-cheng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segona_guerra_Anglo-Holandesa" title="Segona guerra Anglo-Holandesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segona guerra Anglo-Holandesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_anglo-nizozemsk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Druhá anglo-nizozemská válka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druhá anglo-nizozemská válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_anden_engelsk-hollandske_krig_1664-67" title="Den anden engelsk-hollandske krig 1664-67 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den anden engelsk-hollandske krig 1664-67" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englisch-Niederl%C3%A4ndischer_Krieg_(1665%E2%80%931667)" title="Englisch-Niederländischer Krieg (1665–1667) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Englisch-Niederländischer Krieg (1665–1667)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_guerra_anglo-neerlandesa" title="Segunda guerra anglo-neerlandesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda guerra anglo-neerlandesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dua_angla-nederlanda_milito" title="Dua angla-nederlanda milito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dua angla-nederlanda milito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_guerre_anglo-n%C3%A9erlandaise" title="Deuxième guerre anglo-néerlandaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Deuxième guerre anglo-néerlandaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_anglo-nizozemski_pomorski_rat" title="Drugi anglo-nizozemski pomorski rat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drugi anglo-nizozemski pomorski rat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Inggris%E2%80%93Belanda_Kedua" title="Perang Inggris–Belanda Kedua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Inggris–Belanda Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_guerra_anglo-olandese" title="Seconda guerra anglo-olandese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda guerra anglo-olandese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93%E2%80%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="מלחמת הולנד–אנגליה השנייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת הולנד–אנגליה השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_(1665-1667)" title="ინგლის-ჰოლანდიის ომი (1665-1667) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინგლის-ჰოლანდიის ომი (1665-1667)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="രണ്ടാം ആംഗ്ലോ-ഡച്ച് യുദ്ധം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രണ്ടാം ആംഗ്ലോ-ഡച്ച് യുദ്ധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Belanda-England_Kedua" title="Perang Belanda-England Kedua – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Belanda-England Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Engels-Nederlandse_Oorlog" title="Tweede Engels-Nederlandse Oorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweede Engels-Nederlandse Oorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_anglo-nederlandske_krig" title="Andre anglo-nederlandske krig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andre anglo-nederlandske krig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_andre_engelsk-nederlandske_krigen" title="Den andre engelsk-nederlandske krigen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den andre engelsk-nederlandske krigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_wojna_angielsko-holenderska" title="II wojna angielsko-holenderska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="II wojna angielsko-holenderska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Anglo-Holandesa" title="Segunda Guerra Anglo-Holandesa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segunda Guerra Anglo-Holandesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_doilea_r%C4%83zboi_anglo-neerlandez" title="Al doilea război anglo-neerlandez – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Al doilea război anglo-neerlandez" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вторая англо-голландская война – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вторая англо-голландская война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Други англо-холандски поморски рат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Други англо-холандски поморски рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_anglo-nizozemski_rat" title="Drugi anglo-nizozemski rat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drugi anglo-nizozemski rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toinen_Englannin%E2%80%93Hollannin_sota" title="Toinen Englannin–Hollannin sota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toinen Englannin–Hollannin sota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andra_engelsk-nederl%C3%A4ndska_kriget" title="Andra engelsk-nederländska kriget – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andra engelsk-nederländska kriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இரண்டாவது ஆங்கிலேய-இடச்சுப் போர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரண்டாவது ஆங்கிலேய-இடச்சுப் போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="สงครามอังกฤษ-เนเธอร์แลนด์ครั้งที่สอง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามอังกฤษ-เนเธอร์แลนด์ครั้งที่สอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Друга англо-голландська війна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Друга англо-голландська війна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次英荷戰爭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第二次英荷戰爭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q916495#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&oldid=1255772091" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&id=1255772091&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSecond_Anglo-Dutch_War"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSecond_Anglo-Dutch_War"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q916495" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Naval conflict from 1665 to 1667</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Second Anglo-Dutch War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Wars" title="Anglo-Dutch Wars">Anglo-Dutch Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Storck,_Four_Days_Battle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg/300px-Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg/450px-Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg/600px-Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="910" /></a></span><br /><i>The <a href="/wiki/Four_Days%27_Battle" title="Four Days' Battle">Four Days' Battle</a>, 1–4 June 1666</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Storck" title="Abraham Storck">Abraham Storck</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>4 March 1665 – 31 July 1667<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1665-03-04</span> – <span class="dtend">1667-07-31</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Dutch victory<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006188–189_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006188–189-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breda_(1667)" title="Treaty of Breda (1667)">Treaty of Breda</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> cedes <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>, England cedes <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonisation_of_the_Guianas" title="Dutch colonisation of the Guianas">English Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam,_Ghana" title="Fort Amsterdam, Ghana">Fort Cormantin</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(region)" title="Gold Coast (region)">Gold Coast</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Run_(island)" title="Run (island)">island of Run</a> to the Dutch Republic</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Dutch Republic"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Denmark–Norway"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/46px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="England"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Scotland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Münster"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster">Münster</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/30px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Johan_de_Witt" title="Johan de Witt">Johan de Witt</a></b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/30px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">De Ruyter</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/30px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Wassenaer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob van Wassenaer">Van Wassenaer</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/30px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Witt" title="Cornelis de Witt">Cornelis de Witt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/30px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pieter_de_Bitter" title="Pieter de Bitter">De Bitter</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/30px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_Ghent" class="mw-redirect" title="Willem van Ghent">Van Ghent</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/30px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Maurice,_Prince_of_Nassau-Siegen" title="John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen">Nassau–Siegen</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/20px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/30px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/40px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Claus_von_Ahlefeldt" title="Claus von Ahlefeldt">Von Ahlefeldt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/20px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/30px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/40px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lef%C3%A8bvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Lefèbvre">Lefèbvre</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a></b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">York</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Monck,_1st_Duke_of_Albemarle" title="George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle">Albemarle</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rupert_of_the_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Teddiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Teddiman">Teddiman</a></li></ul> </div> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Bernhard_von_Galen" title="Christoph Bernhard von Galen">Von Galen</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> 131 warships</li> <li>53,000 soldiers<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg/46px-Royal_Standard_of_Denmark_%281731%E2%80%931819%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> 250 men</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span> 139 warships<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse200642_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse200642-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> 18,000 soldiers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrinkmann1906690_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkmann1906690-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Second Anglo-Dutch War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Second Anglo-Dutch War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Second Anglo-Dutch War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">Second Anglo-Dutch War</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Europe</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lowestoft" title="Battle of Lowestoft">Lowestoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_V%C3%A5gen" title="Battle of Vågen">Vågen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jipsinghuizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jipsinghuizen">Jipsinghuizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Days%27_Battle" title="Four Days' Battle">Four Days' Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Day_Battle" class="mw-redirect" title="St. James's Day Battle">St. James' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes%27_Bonfire" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmes' Bonfire">Holmes' Bonfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dungeness_(1666)" title="Battle of Dungeness (1666)">Dungeness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Medway" title="Raid on the Medway">The Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landguard_Fort" title="Battle of Landguard Fort">Landguard Fort</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Caribbean, North America</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_New_Netherland" title="Conquest of New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barbados_(1665)" title="Battle of Barbados (1665)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Newfoundland_(1665)" title="Raid on Newfoundland (1665)">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Surinam_(1667)" title="Invasion of Surinam (1667)">1st Surinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nevis" title="Battle of Nevis">Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_The_James_River_(1667)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of The James River (1667)">James River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martinique_(1667)" title="Battle of Martinique (1667)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Cayenne_(1667)" title="Capture of Cayenne (1667)">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Fort_Zeelandia_(1667)" title="Recapture of Fort Zeelandia (1667)">2nd Surinam</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Africa</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Dutch_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dano-Dutch War">Cape Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_West_Africa_(1664-1665)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expedition to West Africa (1664-1665)">Expedition to West Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anglo-Dutch_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Anglo-Dutch_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Anglo-Dutch Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Anglo-Dutch_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Anglo-Dutch Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Anglo-Dutch_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Anglo-Dutch Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anglo-Dutch_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Wars" title="Anglo-Dutch Wars"><span class="wrap">Anglo-Dutch Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First</a> (1652–1654)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second</a> (1665–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Third Anglo-Dutch War">Third</a> (1672–1674)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Dutch War">Fourth</a> (1780–1784)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Second Anglo-Dutch War</b>, or <b>Second Dutch War</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began on 4 March 1665, and concluded with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breda_(1667)" title="Treaty of Breda (1667)">Treaty of Breda</a> on 31 July 1667. One in a series of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Wars" title="Anglo-Dutch Wars">naval conflicts</a> between <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>, its causes were a combination of political differences and commercial disputes. </p><p>Despite several major battles, neither the <a href="/wiki/English_Royal_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="English Royal Navy">English Royal Navy</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_States_Navy" title="Dutch States Navy">Dutch States Navy</a> was able to score a decisive victory, and by the end of 1666 the war had reached a stalemate. Although peace talks began, neither side was willing to make significant concessions until the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Medway" title="Raid on the Medway">Raid on the Medway</a> in June 1667 forced <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> to make terms. </p><p>The treaty eliminated a number of long-standing issues, and in the long-term made it possible for the two countries to unite against the expansionist policies pursued by <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>. In the short-term however, Charles' desire to avenge this setback led to the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Third Anglo-Dutch War">Third Anglo-Dutch War</a> in 1672. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite similar ideologies,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commercial disputes and political differences between the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a> led to the 1652 to 1654 <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010492_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010492-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westminster_(1654)" title="Treaty of Westminster (1654)">treaty</a> that ended the war failed to address these issues, which included Dutch opposition to the 1651 <a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">Navigation Acts</a>, and English objections to Dutch trading monopolies. This meant tensions continued, and even when the two countries were theoretically at peace, competition for markets in the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a> and elsewhere often resulted in conflict outside <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. For various reasons, factions in both countries hampered efforts to reach resolution through diplomatic means.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010593_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010593-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincus2002246–262_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincus2002246–262-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1650 to 1672, Dutch politics was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_States_Party" title="Dutch States Party">States Party</a> and their leader, <a href="/wiki/Grand_pensionary" title="Grand pensionary">Grand pensionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Johan_de_Witt" title="Johan de Witt">Johan de Witt</a>. Despite suspicions about <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>'s links to their <a href="/wiki/Orangism_(Dutch_Republic)" title="Orangism (Dutch Republic)">Orangist</a> opponents, <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> de Witt viewed the 1660 <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">Stuart Restoration</a> as an opportunity to rebuild relationships. He hoped to negotiate overlapping defensive agreements with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> to ensure peace, and continued Dutch economic dominance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010601_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010601-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the English saw little benefit in preserving this system, and wanted concessions the Dutch were not prepared to grant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaward1987438_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaward1987438-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When merchants in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> demanded increased <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a>, Charles II renewed the Navigation Acts in August 1660, then strengthened them further in 1663.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010601_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010601-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament</a> claimed they were simply responding to measures taken by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>, or VOC, to enforce its monopolies in Asia,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the <a href="/wiki/West-Indische_Compagnie" class="mw-redirect" title="West-Indische Compagnie">West-Indische Compagnie</a>, or WIC, in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010602_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010602-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For Charles, expanding the economy was another way to reduce his financial dependence on Parliament, preferably using royal <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopolies</a> or charters to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010600_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010600-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1660, he and his brother <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Royal_African_Company" title="Royal African Company">Royal African Company</a>, or RAC, whose purpose was to challenge Dutch dominance of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>. Investors included senior politicians such as <a href="/wiki/George_Carteret" title="George Carteret">George Carteret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley_Cooper,_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury">Shaftesbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bennet,_1st_Earl_of_Arlington" title="Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington">Arlington</a>, creating a strong link between the RAC and government policy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherman1976331–332_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherman1976331–332-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Atlantic trade was a three way process, whereby slaves from West Africa were transported to <a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_the_Caribbean" title="Sugar plantations in the Caribbean">Sugar plantations in the Caribbean</a>, which in turn were supplied by colonies in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. These links meant conflict in one region often led to fighting in all three. In August 1664, the English first occupied <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a>, renamed <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, then took WIC slaving posts in modern <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021395_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021395-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When these were <a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_West_Africa_(1664-1665)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expedition to West Africa (1664-1665)">recaptured</a> by a Dutch fleet under <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">Michiel de Ruyter</a> in early 1665, the RAC was forced into <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>, and its influential investors saw war as the best way to recoup their losses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006196_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006196-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In taking these actions, the Dutch were reassured by their 1662 defensive treaty with France, under which <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> agreed to provide military support if they were attacked by England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse200633–34_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse200633–34-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return, the Dutch undertook not to interfere with French actions in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a>, but by 1664, many were concerned by the prospect of having an expansionist France as a neighbour, rather than a weakened <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spain</a>. Although it provided another reason to agree terms with England, negotiations made little progress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaward1987440_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaward1987440-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was partially due to the complexity of the Dutch political system, which made it difficult to reach consensus between the different <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" title="Provinces of the Netherlands">provinces</a> and powerful trade groups like the VOC. It also reflected de Witt's belief Parliament would not approve funds for an expensive naval war, a view shared by many English politicians, including Charles' chief minister <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Lord Clarendon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaward1987442_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaward1987442-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For his part, Louis XIV feared an Anglo-Dutch conflict might draw in Spain or the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, and impede his efforts to acquire the Spanish Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021385–396_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021385–396-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He therefore tried to mediate between the two, or at least limit conflict to <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, which would not require France to become involved.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1991119_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1991119-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aware of his reluctance, Charles II saw no reason to make concessions, while <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Downing,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet">Sir George Downing</a>, his <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_Netherlands" title="List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Netherlands">Ambassador</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, claimed recent financial losses meant the Dutch could not afford a war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaward1987440_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaward1987440-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other advisors argued the Franco-Dutch treaty only applied to defensive actions, so provoking the Dutch into declaring war would give Louis XIV the chance to remain neutral.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox201869,_136_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201869,_136-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following English attacks on convoys off <a href="/wiki/Cadiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadiz">Cadiz</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, the Dutch declared war on 4 March 1665.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox201867–68_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201867–68-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposing_forces_and_tactics">Opposing forces and tactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Opposing forces and tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some historians argue that just as the tactics used by 17th century armies were transformed by the <a href="/wiki/Military_Revolution" title="Military Revolution">Military Revolution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Wars" title="Anglo-Dutch Wars">Anglo-Dutch Wars</a> marked a similar change in naval practice. The ships on either side have been described as the "most advanced, complex, expensive and manpower-intensive weapons systems of their day".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997124_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997124-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the fleets involved increasing to over 100 ships per side, maximising firepower required greater levels of organisation, discipline and co-ordination. One solution to these problems was the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_battle" title="Line of battle">Line of battle</a> formation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997124_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997124-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Pett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Peter_Pett.jpg/240px-Peter_Pett.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Peter_Pett.jpg/360px-Peter_Pett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Peter_Pett.jpg/480px-Peter_Pett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sovereign_of_the_Seas" title="HMS Sovereign of the Seas">HMS Sovereign of the Seas</a>, with its architect Peter Pett; built in 1634, it carried over 100 guns, while the largest Dutch ships had a complement of 60 to 70</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1664, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> issued new "Fighting Instructions", formalising the "line of battle" as standard practice. They also established a signalling system allowing commanders to control their fleets, something the Dutch then lacked.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997136–137_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997136–137-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of the war, the formation was employed by both, although it better suited the heavier ships used by the Royal Navy, and its emphasis on gunnery to sink opponents. The Dutch preferred the use of <a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">boarding</a>, with individual ships fighting one another.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997129_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997129-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Difficulties in communicating orders meant during combat many captains focused on avoiding collisions rather than engaging the enemy, making battles chaotic and often indecisive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997136–138_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997136–138-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, both navies consisted of significant numbers of purpose-built warships, bulked out by private merchantmen. Although many of the latter were well-armed, they were often less capable of standing up to sustained fire. Dutch merchant ships were particularly vulnerable to the larger English warships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997140_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997140-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on lessons learned from the First Anglo-Dutch War, post-1653 the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Dutch navy</a> was re-organised around sixty-four newly built and larger <a href="/wiki/Ships_of_the_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ships of the line">Ships of the line</a>, each with between 40 and 60 guns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruijn201164–65_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruijn201164–65-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they remained inferior to English vessels such as <a href="/wiki/HMS_Sovereign_of_the_Seas" title="HMS Sovereign of the Seas">HMS Sovereign of the Seas</a>, which carried over 100 guns. In 1664, it was decided to create a new core of even heavier ships, which were mostly still under construction when fighting began in 1665.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruijn201166_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruijn201166-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stronger finances allowed the Dutch to complete these plus another twenty during the war, compared to only a dozen built by England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995721_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995721-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Royal Navy was superior in ships and leadership at the beginning of the war, these advantages were gradually eroded by Parliament's reluctance to fund it. Downing, and other observers who argued the Dutch could not afford a war, overlooked recent reforms that improved their credit, and made it relatively easy to raise money.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosende2019_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosende2019-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, English expectations that profits from Dutch ships captured by <a href="/wiki/Privateers" class="mw-redirect" title="Privateers">privateers</a> would cover costs proved unfounded. In December 1664, Parliament approved £2.5 million in taxes for the navy, but much of this was spent on essential repairs, or allegedly stolen by officials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021396_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021396-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To fund operations, Charles had to rely on short-term loans from the City of London, at ever increasing interest rates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse200643_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse200643-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1666, lack of money led him to discharge most of the fleet, with disastrous results.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosende2019_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosende2019-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War">War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe;_1665"><span id="Europe.3B_1665"></span>Europe; 1665</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Europe; 1665"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglo-Dutch-War-2english.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anglo-Dutch-War-2english.png/310px-Anglo-Dutch-War-2english.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anglo-Dutch-War-2english.png/465px-Anglo-Dutch-War-2english.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anglo-Dutch-War-2english.png/620px-Anglo-Dutch-War-2english.png 2x" data-file-width="2242" data-file-height="1605" /></a><figcaption>The Second Anglo-Dutch War; key battles</figcaption></figure> <p>Both sides planned a short war, since the English could not afford a long one, while the Dutch wanted to minimise any potential economic damage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox201869–70_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201869–70-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Witt ordered his naval commander <a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Wassenaer_Obdam" title="Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam">Jacob van Wassenaer</a> to bring the English fleet to battle, although his ships were inferior in organisation, training, discipline and firepower.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruijn201174_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruijn201174-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox201883–85_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201883–85-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lowestoft" title="Battle of Lowestoft">Battle of Lowestoft</a> on 13 June 1665, the Dutch navy suffered the worst defeat in its history, losing some sixteen ships. Most of the fleet escaped, but over 30% of its personnel were killed or captured, with van Wassenaer himself among the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018126–127_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018126–127-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Defeat led to an extensive overhaul of Dutch tactics and command structures, with several captains either executed for alleged cowardice, or dismissed. In July, <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">Michiel de Ruyter</a> became the new commander in chief, and followed the English in formalising the line battle formation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018125–127_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018125–127-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch finances also received a boost when the VOC Spice Fleet returned home safely after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_V%C3%A5gen" title="Battle of Vågen">battle of Vågen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200470_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200470-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was offset when the eastern province of <a href="/wiki/Overijssel" title="Overijssel">Overijssel</a> was over-run by troops from <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster">Münster</a> under <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_von_Galen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernhard von Galen">Bernhard von Galen</a>, who was backed by English subsidies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006168_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006168-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Münster's invasion threatened to involve Germany in the fighting, and thus provide an excuse for <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Leopold</a> to intervene. Concerned by this, Louis sent French soldiers to prevent supplies reaching von Galen's troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006143_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006143-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reports Charles was negotiating an alliance with Spain meant he also stepped up attempts to mediate a settlement, but the English in general remained deeply suspicious of French intentions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021399_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021399-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Dutch offered to renounce their territorial claims in <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">North America</a>, and cede three West African posts, success at Lowestoft prompted Charles to demand further concessions and a Dutch agreement to bear the costs of the war. In December 1665, Louis withdrew his ambassadors from London, signalling his intention to declare war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004120_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004120-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Downing now contacted the Orangist party in Overijssel, which had suffered severely from von Galen's invasion, asking that they demand the <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General</a> make peace with England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006168_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006168-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Witt's position was too strong for this to succeed, and on 11 December he declared the only acceptable peace terms were a return to the <i><a href="/wiki/Status_quo_ante_bellum" title="Status quo ante bellum">status quo ante bellum</a></i>, or a quick end to hostilities under a <i><a href="/wiki/Uti_possidetis" title="Uti possidetis">uti possidetis</a></i> clause.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006151_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006151-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe;_1666"><span id="Europe.3B_1666"></span>Europe; 1666</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Europe; 1666"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 16 January 1666, Louis declared war on England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018136_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018136-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return for a large French subsidy, <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Denmark-Norway</a> did the same in February, effectively closing the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_maritime_trade_(c._1400%E2%80%931800)" title="Baltic maritime trade (c. 1400–1800)">Baltic trade</a> to English ships, and with it access to vital naval supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006148,_152_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006148,_152-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The payments promised to von Galen by Charles largely failed to materialise, and when <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a> threatened to attack Münster, he made peace with the Republic at <a href="/wiki/Cleves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleves">Cleves</a> in April.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006147,_151–152_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006147,_151–152-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Action_at_Bergen,_3_August_1665_RMG_BHC0698.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Action_at_Bergen%2C_3_August_1665_RMG_BHC0698.tiff/lossy-page1-400px-Action_at_Bergen%2C_3_August_1665_RMG_BHC0698.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Action_at_Bergen%2C_3_August_1665_RMG_BHC0698.tiff/lossy-page1-600px-Action_at_Bergen%2C_3_August_1665_RMG_BHC0698.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Action_at_Bergen%2C_3_August_1665_RMG_BHC0698.tiff/lossy-page1-800px-Action_at_Bergen%2C_3_August_1665_RMG_BHC0698.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5526" data-file-height="2541" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_V%C3%A5gen" title="Battle of Vågen">Battle of Vågen</a>, Norway, on 12 August 1665</figcaption></figure> <p>Anglo-Dutch negotiations had progressed far enough that de Witt invited Charles II to start formal negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006169_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006169-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Talks made little progress, as both sides felt they were negotiating from a position of strength. Despite the French declaration of war, Charles knew Louis wanted to avoid being dragged into the conflict, and through informal correspondence was aware he considered Dutch demands excessive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021403_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021403-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By now, the French king had also concluded the Dutch would never voluntarily make the concessions he required in the Spanish Netherlands, and began planning the 1667 <a href="/wiki/War_of_Devolution" title="War of Devolution">War of Devolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeyl1936311_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeyl1936311-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, Dutch morale rose with the completion of thirty new warships, most carrying up to 72 guns, heavier than any available in early 1665.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200471_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200471-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were supposed to link up with a French naval force in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, giving them a significant numerical advantage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018123–127_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018123–127-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, most of the French ships were based in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, and despite leaving <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> in April, delays meant they failed to arrive in time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018173–175,_180_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018173–175,_180-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One contemporary diplomat suggested the relatively new and inexperienced French navy did so deliberately, being "dismayed by the difficulties of the enterprise" <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021401_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021401-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, the threat of French intervention forced the English to send a detachment to block the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Dover" title="Strait of Dover">Strait of Dover</a>, leaving 60 ships facing a Dutch fleet of around 84.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018116–117_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018116–117-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the initial stages of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Days%27_Battle" title="Four Days' Battle">Four Days' Battle</a>, fought from 11 to 15 June, the Dutch inflicted heavy damage on their opponents, before the return of the detached squadron forced them to withdraw. The English lost ten ships compared to only four Dutch, but any hope the Royal Navy was too damaged to renew hostilities soon proved incorrect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018276_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018276-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After extensive repairs, the English fleet put to sea again and confronted the Dutch in the <a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Day_Battle" class="mw-redirect" title="St. James's Day Battle">St. James's Day Battle</a> of 4 and 5 August. Generally considered an English victory, it ultimately had little strategic value.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018295–296_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018295–296-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Dutch suffered heavy casualties and many ships were badly damaged, their fleet remained intact, while lack of money meant the English could scarcely afford to pay their sailors or purchase supplies. A more significant economic loss occurred on 19 August, when up to 150 Dutch merchantmen sheltering in the <a href="/wiki/Vlie" title="Vlie">Vlie</a> estuary were destroyed in an action known as <a href="/wiki/Holmes%27s_Bonfire" title="Holmes's Bonfire">Holmes's Bonfire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018296–297_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018296–297-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willem_van_de_Velde_the_Elder_(1611-93)_-_%27Holmes%27s_Bonfire%27,_the_burning_of_Dutch_Merchant_Ships_between_Terschelling_and_Vlieland,_19th_August_1666_-_RCIN_406560_-_Royal_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Willem_van_de_Velde_the_Elder_%281611-93%29_-_%27Holmes%27s_Bonfire%27%2C_the_burning_of_Dutch_Merchant_Ships_between_Terschelling_and_Vlieland%2C_19th_August_1666_-_RCIN_406560_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/370px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Willem_van_de_Velde_the_Elder_%281611-93%29_-_%27Holmes%27s_Bonfire%27%2C_the_burning_of_Dutch_Merchant_Ships_between_Terschelling_and_Vlieland%2C_19th_August_1666_-_RCIN_406560_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/555px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Willem_van_de_Velde_the_Elder_%281611-93%29_-_%27Holmes%27s_Bonfire%27%2C_the_burning_of_Dutch_Merchant_Ships_between_Terschelling_and_Vlieland%2C_19th_August_1666_-_RCIN_406560_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/740px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1367" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holmes%27s_Bonfire" title="Holmes's Bonfire">Holmes's Bonfire</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_de_Velde_the_Elder" title="Willem van de Velde the Elder">Willem van de Velde the Elder</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Over a period of eighteen months from 1665 to 1666, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London" title="Great Plague of London">Great Plague of London</a> killed more than a quarter of its population. In September 1666, the <a href="/wiki/Fire_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire of London">Fire of London</a> destroyed much of the city, causing huge economic damage, and public opinion now turned against the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021403_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021403-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles could no longer rely on London merchants to supply the loans needed to fund it, and the <a href="/wiki/Navy_Board" title="Navy Board">Navy Board</a> was forced to discharge many sailors unpaid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018299_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018299-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parliament was recalled for the first time in a year, and approved new taxes of £1.8 million. However, their payment was subject to various conditions, and disputes over these meant delays in its collection. Lack of money made it almost impossible to plan naval operations for 1667.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018300_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018300-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe;_1667"><span id="Europe.3B_1667"></span>Europe; 1667</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Europe; 1667"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By early 1667, lack of funds meant much of the Royal Navy was taken out of service and anchored at the naval base of <a href="/wiki/Chatham,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham, England">Chatham</a>. This left only a small <i>Flying Fleet</i> operational, leaving English merchant shipping vulnerable to Dutch attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2012139_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2012139-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clarendon informed Charles he could either grant Parliament the concessions demanded, or initiate peace talks with the Dutch, which began in March at <a href="/wiki/Breda" title="Breda">Breda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004121_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004121-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As England was by now also at war with France, Charles sent envoys to Paris for unofficial preliminary talks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006206_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006206-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MedwayRaidMap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/MedwayRaidMap.png/310px-MedwayRaidMap.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/MedwayRaidMap.png/465px-MedwayRaidMap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/MedwayRaidMap.png/620px-MedwayRaidMap.png 2x" data-file-width="2584" data-file-height="1560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Medway" title="Raid on the Medway">Raid on the Medway</a> of 9–14 June 1667</figcaption></figure> <p>The deterioration of Franco-Dutch relations meant these talks produced a third option not considered by Clarendon: a secret alliance with France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200476_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200476-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April, Charles concluded his first secret treaty with Louis, stipulating that England would not enter into alliances that might oppose a French conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004122_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004122-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May, the French invaded, starting the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Devolution" title="War of Devolution">War of Devolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006206_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006206-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles hoped, by means of stalling the talks at Breda, to gain enough time to ready his fleet to obtain concessions from the Dutch, using the French advance as leverage.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>De Witt was aware of Charles's general intentions – though not of the secret treaty. He decided to attempt to end the war with a single stroke. Ever since its actions in Denmark in 1659, involving many landings to liberate the Danish Isles, the Dutch navy had made a special study of amphibious operations; the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Marine Corps">Dutch Marine Corps</a> was established in 1665. After the <a href="/wiki/Four_Days%27_Battle" title="Four Days' Battle">Four Days' Battle</a>, a Dutch marine contingent had been ready to land in Kent or Essex following a possible Dutch victory at sea. The Dutch fleet was, however, unable to force a safe passage into the Thames as navigational buoys had been removed and a strong English squadron was ready to dispute their passage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018287_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018287-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But now there was no English fleet able to contest a similar attack. De Witt conceived the plan for a landing of marines, to be overseen by his brother Cornelius, at Chatham where the fleet lay effectively defenceless, to destroy it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018301_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018301-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Dutch_burn_English_ships_during_the_expedition_to_Chatham_(Raid_on_Medway,_1667)(Jan_van_Leyden,_1669).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Dutch_burn_English_ships_during_the_expedition_to_Chatham_%28Raid_on_Medway%2C_1667%29%28Jan_van_Leyden%2C_1669%29.jpg/350px-The_Dutch_burn_English_ships_during_the_expedition_to_Chatham_%28Raid_on_Medway%2C_1667%29%28Jan_van_Leyden%2C_1669%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Dutch_burn_English_ships_during_the_expedition_to_Chatham_%28Raid_on_Medway%2C_1667%29%28Jan_van_Leyden%2C_1669%29.jpg/525px-The_Dutch_burn_English_ships_during_the_expedition_to_Chatham_%28Raid_on_Medway%2C_1667%29%28Jan_van_Leyden%2C_1669%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Dutch_burn_English_ships_during_the_expedition_to_Chatham_%28Raid_on_Medway%2C_1667%29%28Jan_van_Leyden%2C_1669%29.jpg/700px-The_Dutch_burn_English_ships_during_the_expedition_to_Chatham_%28Raid_on_Medway%2C_1667%29%28Jan_van_Leyden%2C_1669%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2874" data-file-height="1644" /></a><figcaption><i>The Dutch burn English ships during the expedition to Chatham</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Leyden_(painter)" title="Jan van Leyden (painter)">Jan van Leyden</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In June, De Ruyter, with <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Witt" title="Cornelis de Witt">Cornelis de Witt</a> supervising, launched the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Medway" title="Raid on the Medway">raid on the Medway</a> at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>. After capturing the fort at <a href="/wiki/Sheerness" title="Sheerness">Sheerness</a>, the Dutch fleet went on to break through the massive chain protecting the entrance to the Medway and, on the 13th, attacked the laid up English fleet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The daring raid remains one of the largest disasters in the history of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and its predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoxer197439_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoxer197439-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fifteen of the Royal Navy's remaining ships were destroyed, either by the Dutch or by being scuttled by the English to block the river. Three of the eight remaining "big ships" were burnt: <i>Royal Oak</i>, the new <i>Loyal London</i> and <i>Royal James</i>. The largest English flagship, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Royal_Charles_(1655)" title="HMS Royal Charles (1655)">HMS <i>Royal Charles</i></a>, was abandoned by its skeleton crew, captured without a shot being fired, and towed back to the United Provinces as a trophy. Its <a href="/wiki/Transom_(nautical)" title="Transom (nautical)">counter decoration</a> depicting the royal arms is on display in the <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum" title="Rijksmuseum">Rijksmuseum</a>. Fortunately for the English, the Dutch marines spared the <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Dockyard" title="Chatham Dockyard">Chatham Dockyard</a>, at the time England's largest industrial complex; a land attack on the docks themselves would have set back English naval power for a generation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200477_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200477-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Dutch attack on the English anchorage at <a href="/wiki/Harwich" title="Harwich">Harwich</a> had to be abandoned however after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landguard_Fort" title="Battle of Landguard Fort">battle of Landguard Fort</a> ended in Dutch failure.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Dutch success made a major psychological impact throughout England, with London feeling especially vulnerable just a year after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London" title="Great Fire of London">Great Fire of London</a>. However, for a second time, the Dutch had been unable to land substantial land forces in Britain, or even do substantial damage to the Chatham dockyard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018302_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018302-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The raid did, together with the English financial crisis, speed up negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006175_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006175-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2012140_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2012140-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All this, together with the cost of the war, of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London" title="Great Plague of London">Great Plague</a> and the extravagant spending of Charles's court, produced a rebellious atmosphere in London. Clarendon ordered the English envoys at Breda to sign a peace quickly, as Charles feared an open revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_in_the_Caribbean">War in the Caribbean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: War in the Caribbean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martinique_(1667)" title="Battle of Martinique (1667)">Battle of Martinique (1667)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martinique_1667.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Martinique_1667.jpg/370px-Martinique_1667.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Martinique_1667.jpg/555px-Martinique_1667.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Martinique_1667.jpg/740px-Martinique_1667.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>French ships under attack at <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, 1667</figcaption></figure> <p>In early 1665 <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">Michiel de Ruyter</a> raided the Caribbean. In late 1665 an English force, mainly consisting of <a href="/wiki/Buccaneer" title="Buccaneer">buccaneers</a> under the command of Lieutenant-colonel <a href="/wiki/Edward_Morgan_(governor)" title="Edward Morgan (governor)">Edward Morgan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Jamaica">Deputy Governor of Jamaica</a>, assisted by his nephew Thomas Morgan, quickly captured the Dutch islands of <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a>. After his uncle's death in December 1665, Thomas Morgan was appointed as governor of these two islands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201238–39_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201238–39-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in late 1665, an English force from Jamaica and <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> captured the Dutch possession of <a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201240_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201240-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French declaration of war on the side of the Dutch altered the balance of power in the Caribbean and facilitated a Dutch counterattack. The first successes of the new allies were the French recapture of Tobago in August 1666, a joint Franco-Dutch recapture of Sint Eustatius in November 1666 and a French capture of the English island of <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a> in the same month.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201241_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201241-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrival of a French squadron under <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Antoine_de_La_Barre" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph-Antoine de La Barre">Joseph-Antoine de La Barre</a> in January 1667 allowed the French to occupy the English half of St Kitts and <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, leaving only <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> in English hands, together with Jamaica and Barbados to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201241–42_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201241–42-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones201336_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones201336-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Dutch force under Admiral <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Crijnssen" title="Abraham Crijnssen">Abraham Crijnssen</a>, organised by the province of Zeeland, not the States General, arrived at <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> in February 1667 and <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Surinam_(1667)" title="Invasion of Surinam (1667)">captured Suriname</a> from the English in the same month.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones201336_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones201336-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crijnssen delayed in Suriname until April, then sailed to Tobago, which had been vacated by the French after expelling the English garrison, where he rebuilt the fort and left a small garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Crijnssen was instructed not to delay, it was not until early May that he and de La Barre combined forces, agreeing to a Franco-Dutch invasion of <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a>, which sailed on 17 May 1667. However, their attack was repelled in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nevis" title="Battle of Nevis">Battle of Nevis</a> on 17 May by a smaller English force. This confused naval action was the only one in this war where all three navies fought: it failed largely through de la Barre's incompetence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242–43_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242–43-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this failed attack, Crijnssen left in disgust and sailed to the north to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_The_James_River_(1667)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of The James River (1667)">attack</a> the Virginia colony,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006183_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006183-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the French, under de la Barre, moved to Martinique. The Battle of Nevis restored English naval control in the Caribbean and allowed the early recapture of Antigua and Montserrat and an unsuccessful attack on St Kitts soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201243_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201243-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April, a new English squadron of nine warships and two fireships under the command of Rear-Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Harman_(Admiral)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Harman (Admiral)">John Harman</a> sailed for the West Indies, reaching them in early June. Harman encountered the French with seven larger and 14 smaller warships and three fireships under la Barre anchored under the batteries of Fort <a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_Martinique" title="Saint-Pierre, Martinique">St Pierre</a>, Martinique. He attacked on 6 July and sunk, burnt or captured all but two the French ships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201243_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201243-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the French fleet neutralised, Harman then attacked the French at <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> on 15 September forcing its garrison to surrender. The English fleet then went on to recapture <a href="/wiki/Fort_Zeelandia_(Guyana)" title="Fort Zeelandia (Guyana)">Fort Zeelandia</a> in Suriname in October. News of these English victories only reached England in September, after the Treaty of Breda had been signed, and possessions captured after 31 July had to be returned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018303_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018303-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crijnssen sailed back to the Caribbean only to find the French fleet destroyed and the English back in possession of Suriname.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006223_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006223-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaty_of_Breda">Treaty of Breda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Treaty of Breda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breda_(1667)" title="Treaty of Breda (1667)">Treaty of Breda (1667)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congress_of_Breda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Congress_of_Breda.jpg/370px-Congress_of_Breda.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Congress_of_Breda.jpg/555px-Congress_of_Breda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Congress_of_Breda.jpg/740px-Congress_of_Breda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1087" /></a><figcaption>The conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breda_(1667)" title="Treaty of Breda (1667)">Treaty of Breda</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Breda_Castle" title="Breda Castle">Breda Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 31 July 1667, what is generally known as the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breda_(1667)" title="Treaty of Breda (1667)">Treaty of Breda</a> concluded peace between England and the Netherlands. The treaty allowed the English to keep possession of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a>, while the Dutch kept control over Pulau Run, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam,_Ghana" title="Fort Amsterdam, Ghana">Fort Cormantin</a> and the valuable sugar plantations of <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, while also regaining Tobago, St Eustatius, and its West African trading posts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <i><a href="/wiki/Uti_possidetis" title="Uti possidetis">uti possidetis</a></i> solution was later confirmed in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westminster_(1674)" title="Treaty of Westminster (1674)">Treaty of Westminster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201247_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201247-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Navigation">Act of Navigation</a> was modified in favour of the Dutch by England agreeing to treat Germany as part of the Netherlands' commercial hinterland, so that Dutch ships would now be allowed to carry German goods to English ports. The English were also forced to accept the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_navigation" title="Freedom of navigation">'Free Ship, Free Goods'</a> principle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacInnes2008114_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacInnes2008114-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the same date and also at Breda, a public treaty was concluded between England and France that stipulated the return to England of the former English part of <a href="/wiki/St_Christopher" class="mw-redirect" title="St Christopher">St Christopher</a> and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, all of which the French had occupied in the war, and that England should surrender its claim to <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> to France, although the extent of Acadia was not defined. This public treaty had been preceded by a secret treaty signed on 17 April in which, in addition to these exchanges of territory, Louis and Charles agreed not to enter into alliances opposed to the interests of the other, by which Louis secured the neutrality of England in the war he planned against Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004122,_132_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004122,_132-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The order of priorities whereby the Dutch preferred to give up what would become a major part of the United States, and instead retain a tropical colony, would seem strange by present-day standards. However, in the 17th century tropical colonies producing agricultural products which could not be grown in Europe were deemed more valuable than ones with a climate similar to that of Europe where Europeans could settle in comfort.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The peace was generally seen as a personal triumph for Johan de Witt and an embarrassment to the Orangists, who seemed reluctant to support the war and eager to accept a disadvantageous early peace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774–775_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774–775-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Republic was jubilant about the Dutch victory. De Witt used the occasion to induce four provinces to adopt the <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Edict_(1667)" title="Perpetual Edict (1667)">Perpetual Edict of 1667</a> abolishing the stadtholderate forever. He used the weak position of Charles II to force him into the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Alliance_of_1668" class="mw-redirect" title="Triple Alliance of 1668">Triple Alliance of 1668</a> which again forced Louis to temporarily abandon his plans for the conquest of the southern Netherlands. But de Witt's success would eventually produce his downfall and nearly that of the Republic with it. Both humiliated monarchs intensified their secret cooperation through the <a href="/wiki/Secret_Treaty_of_Dover" title="Secret Treaty of Dover">Secret Treaty of Dover</a> and would, joined by the bishop of Münster, attack the Dutch in 1672 in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Third Anglo-Dutch War">Third Anglo-Dutch War</a>. De Witt was unable to counter this attack, as he could not create a strong Dutch army for lack of money and for fear that it would strengthen the position of the young <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> That same year de Witt was assassinated, and William became stadtholder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This was the strength of the Dutch army in paper on 1667, but it was likely lower in reality. The number also includes 6,000 French auxiliary troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaade_Bas1921_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaade_Bas1921-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Tweede Engelse Oorlog</i> or "Second English War"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both were <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Republics">republics</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> had supported the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty Years War">Eighty Years War</a> with <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spain</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Born in 1650, the young <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">Prince of Orange</a> was Charles' nephew and son of his sister <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Princess_of_Orange" title="Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange">Mary</a>; despite his years of exile in the Republic, Charles disliked the Dutch, and objected to de Witt's refusal to extradite English republicans and other dissidents who took refuge there <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021392_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021392-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The huge profits from Asian <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a> led to conflict even in times of peace, as the VOC created, then enforced, their monopoly over production and trade. By 1663, indigenous and European competitors like the <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" title="Dutch–Portuguese War">Portuguese</a> had been eliminated, the only gap in the VOC monopoly being English <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a> plantations on <a href="/wiki/Run_(island)" title="Run (island)">Run</a>, which were finally destroyed by the Dutch in late 1664 <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_CouteurBurreson200330–32_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_CouteurBurreson200330–32-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although an Anglo-Dutch treaty was also signed in 1662, its terms were so vague that it was of little value <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaward1987442_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaward1987442-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles told the French ambassador that while the City of London had loaned him £100,000 to continue the war against the Dutch, they would "pay him four times as much" to fight the French <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021399_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021399-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006188–189-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006188–189_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, pp. 188–189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaade_Bas1921-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaade_Bas1921_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaade_Bas1921">Raa & de Bas 1921</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse200642-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse200642_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrinkmann1906690-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrinkmann1906690_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrinkmann1906">Brinkmann 1906</a>, p. 690.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010492-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010492_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2010">Rommelse 2010</a>, p. 492.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010593-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010593_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2010">Rommelse 2010</a>, p. 593.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPincus2002246–262-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPincus2002246–262_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPincus2002">Pincus 2002</a>, pp. 246–262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021392-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021392_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2021">Jackson 2021</a>, p. 392.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010601-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010601_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010601_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2010">Rommelse 2010</a>, p. 601.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaward1987438-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaward1987438_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeaward1987">Seaward 1987</a>, p. 438.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_CouteurBurreson200330–32-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_CouteurBurreson200330–32_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_CouteurBurreson2003">Le Couteur & Burreson 2003</a>, pp. 30–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010602-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010602_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2010">Rommelse 2010</a>, p. 602.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2010600-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2010600_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2010">Rommelse 2010</a>, p. 600.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherman1976331–332-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherman1976331–332_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherman1976">Sherman 1976</a>, pp. 331–332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021395-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021395_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2021">Jackson 2021</a>, p. 395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006196-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006196_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse200633–34-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse200633–34_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaward1987442-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaward1987442_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaward1987442_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeaward1987">Seaward 1987</a>, p. 442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaward1987440-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaward1987440_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaward1987440_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeaward1987">Seaward 1987</a>, p. 440.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021385–396-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021385–396_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2021">Jackson 2021</a>, pp. 385–396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1991119-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1991119_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1991">Miller 1991</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201869,_136-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox201869,_136_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 69, 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201867–68-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox201867–68_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997124-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997124_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997124_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1997">Palmer 1997</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997136–137-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997136–137_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1997">Palmer 1997</a>, pp. 136–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997129-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997129_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1997">Palmer 1997</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997136–138-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997136–138_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1997">Palmer 1997</a>, pp. 136–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997140-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer1997140_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1997">Palmer 1997</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruijn201164–65-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruijn201164–65_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruijn2011">Bruijn 2011</a>, pp. 64–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruijn201166-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruijn201166_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruijn2011">Bruijn 2011</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995721-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995721_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael1995">Israel 1995</a>, p. 721.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosende2019-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosende2019_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosende2019_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosende2019">Rosende 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021396-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021396_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2021">Jackson 2021</a>, p. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse200643-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse200643_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201869–70-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox201869–70_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 69–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruijn201174-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruijn201174_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruijn2011">Bruijn 2011</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox201883–85-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox201883–85_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 83–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018126–127-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018126–127_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 126–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018125–127-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018125–127_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 125–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200470-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200470_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodger2004">Rodger 2004</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006168-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006168_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006168_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006143-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006143_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021399-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021399_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021399_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2021">Jackson 2021</a>, p. 399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004120-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004120_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavenport2004">Davenport 2004</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006151-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006151_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018136-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018136_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006148,_152-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006148,_152_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, pp. 148, 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006147,_151–152-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006147,_151–152_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, pp. 147, 151–152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006169-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006169_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021403-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021403_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021403_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2021">Jackson 2021</a>, p. 403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeyl1936311-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeyl1936311_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeyl1936">Geyl 1936</a>, p. 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200471-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200471_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodger2004">Rodger 2004</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018123–127-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018123–127_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 123–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018173–175,_180-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018173–175,_180_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 173–175, 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2021401-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2021401_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2021">Jackson 2021</a>, p. 401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018116–117-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018116–117_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 116–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018276-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018276_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018295–296-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018295–296_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 295–296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018296–297-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018296–297_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, pp. 296–297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018299-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018299_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, p. 299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018300-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018300_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, p. 300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2012139-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2012139_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2012">Wilson 2012</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004121-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004121_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavenport2004">Davenport 2004</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006206-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006206_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006206_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200476-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200476_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodger2004">Rodger 2004</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004122-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004122_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavenport2004">Davenport 2004</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018287-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018287_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018301-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018301_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, p. 301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoxer197439-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoxer197439_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoxer1974">Boxer 1974</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200477-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200477_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodger2004">Rodger 2004</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018302-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018302_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, p. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006175-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006175_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2012140-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2012140_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2012">Wilson 2012</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHutton1989" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Ronald (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/book/11463/chapter/160164685">"Charles's First Dutch War, 1664–1667"</a>. <i>Charles the Second: King of England, Scotland, and Ireland</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 214–253. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198229117.003.0009">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198229117.003.0009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198229117" title="Special:BookSources/9780198229117"><bdi>9780198229117</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Charles%27s+First+Dutch+War%2C+1664%E2%80%931667&rft.btitle=Charles+the+Second%3A+King+of+England%2C+Scotland%2C+and+Ireland&rft.pages=214-253&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198229117.003.0009&rft.isbn=9780198229117&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbook%2F11463%2Fchapter%2F160164685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201238–39-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201238–39_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoslinga2012">Goslinga 2012</a>, pp. 38–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201240-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201240_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoslinga2012">Goslinga 2012</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201241-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201241_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoslinga2012">Goslinga 2012</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201241–42-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201241–42_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoslinga2012">Goslinga 2012</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones201336-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones201336_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones201336_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2013">Jones 2013</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoslinga2012">Goslinga 2012</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242–43-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201242–43_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoslinga2012">Goslinga 2012</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006183-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006183_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201243-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201243_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201243_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoslinga2012">Goslinga 2012</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2018303-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2018303_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2018">Fox 2018</a>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERommelse2006223-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERommelse2006223_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRommelse2006">Rommelse 2006</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael1995">Israel 1995</a>, p. 774.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201247-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoslinga201247_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoslinga2012">Goslinga 2012</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacInnes2008114-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacInnes2008114_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacInnes2008">MacInnes 2008</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004122,_132-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavenport2004122,_132_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavenport2004">Davenport 2004</a>, pp. 122, 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774–775-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1995774–775_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael1995">Israel 1995</a>, pp. 774–775.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmitage2000" class="citation book cs1">Armitage, D. (2000). <i>The Ideological Origins of the British Empire</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521789783" title="Special:BookSources/9780521789783"><bdi>9780521789783</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ideological+Origins+of+the+British+Empire&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780521789783&rft.aulast=Armitage&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshley1961" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, M. P. (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatbritainto16007402mbp"><i>Great Britain to 1688: A Modern History</i></a>. Ann Arbor: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/875337369">875337369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Britain+to+1688%3A+A+Modern+History&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F875337369&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=M.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatbritainto16007402mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinkmann1906" class="citation journal cs1">Brinkmann, C. (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/550398">"Charles II and the Bishop of Münster in the Anglo-Dutch War of 1665–6"</a>. <i>The English Historical Review</i>. <b>21</b> (84): 686–698. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXXI.LXXXIV.686">10.1093/ehr/XXI.LXXXIV.686</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/550398">550398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Charles+II+and+the+Bishop+of+M%C3%BCnster+in+the+Anglo-Dutch+War+of+1665%E2%80%936.&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=84&rft.pages=686-698&rft.date=1906&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FXXI.LXXXIV.686&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F550398%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Brinkmann&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F550398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoxer1974" class="citation book cs1">Boxer, C. R. (1974). <i>The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th Century, 1652–1674</i>. London: H.M.S.O. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780112901693" title="Special:BookSources/9780112901693"><bdi>9780112901693</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglo-Dutch+Wars+of+the+17th+Century%2C+1652%E2%80%931674&rft.place=London&rft.pub=H.M.S.O.&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780112901693&rft.aulast=Boxer&rft.aufirst=C.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruijn2011" class="citation book cs1">Bruijn, J. R. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AZBHDwAAQBAJ&q=%22north+Foreland%22"><i>The Dutch Navy of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780986497353" title="Special:BookSources/9780986497353"><bdi>9780986497353</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+Navy+of+the+Seventeenth+and+Eighteenth+Centuries&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780986497353&rft.aulast=Bruijn&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAZBHDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522north%2BForeland%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport2004" class="citation book cs1">Davenport, F. G. (2004). <i>European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies</i>. Clark, N.J.: The Lawbook Exchange. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781584774228" title="Special:BookSources/9781584774228"><bdi>9781584774228</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Treaties+Bearing+on+the+History+of+the+United+States+and+Its+Dependencies&rft.place=Clark%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=The+Lawbook+Exchange&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781584774228&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=F.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2018" class="citation book cs1">Fox, F. L. (2018). <i>The Four Days' Battle of 1666</i>. Barnsley: Seaforth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781526737274" title="Special:BookSources/9781526737274"><bdi>9781526737274</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Four+Days%27+Battle+of+1666&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Seaforth&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781526737274&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=F.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeyl1936" class="citation journal cs1">Geyl, P (1936). "Johan de Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland, 1653–72". <i>History</i>. <b>20</b> (80): 303–319. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-229X.1936.tb00103.x">10.1111/j.1468-229X.1936.tb00103.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24401084">24401084</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=Johan+de+Witt%2C+Grand+Pensionary+of+Holland%2C+1653%E2%80%9372&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=80&rft.pages=303-319&rft.date=1936&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-229X.1936.tb00103.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24401084%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Geyl&rft.aufirst=P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoslinga2012" class="citation book cs1">Goslinga, C. C. (2012). <i>A Short History of the Netherlands Antilles and Surinam</i>. The Hague: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789400992894" title="Special:BookSources/9789400992894"><bdi>9789400992894</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Netherlands+Antilles+and+Surinam&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789400992894&rft.aulast=Goslinga&rft.aufirst=C.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham1982" class="citation journal cs1">Graham, E. J. (1982). "The Scottish Marine during the Dutch Wars". <i>The Scottish Historical Review</i>. <b>61</b> (1): 67–74. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25529449">25529449</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scottish+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Scottish+Marine+during+the+Dutch+Wars&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-74&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25529449%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroenveld1991" class="citation journal cs1">Groenveld, S. (1991). "Popery, Trade and Universal Monarchy". <i>The Historical Journal</i>. <b>34</b> (4): 955–972–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X00017386">10.1017/S0018246X00017386</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639590">2639590</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153421486">153421486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Popery%2C+Trade+and+Universal+Monarchy&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=955-972-29&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153421486%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2639590%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00017386&rft.aulast=Groenveld&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHainsworthChurches1998" class="citation book cs1">Hainsworth, D. R.; Churches, C. (1998). <i>The Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars, 1652–1674</i>. Stroud: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780750917872" title="Special:BookSources/9780750917872"><bdi>9780750917872</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglo-Dutch+Naval+Wars%2C+1652%E2%80%931674&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780750917872&rft.aulast=Hainsworth&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rft.au=Churches%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsrael1995" class="citation book cs1">Israel, J. I. (1995). <i>The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477–1806</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198730729" title="Special:BookSources/9780198730729"><bdi>9780198730729</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+Republic%3A+Its+Rise%2C+Greatness%2C+and+Fall%2C+1477%E2%80%931806&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780198730729&rft.aulast=Israel&rft.aufirst=J.+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1934" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, E. (1934). <i>Studies in Administration and Finance 1558–1825</i>. Manchester University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Administration+and+Finance+1558%E2%80%931825&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2021" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Clare (2021). <i>Devil-land: England under siege, 1588 to 1688</i>. Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0241285817" title="Special:BookSources/978-0241285817"><bdi>978-0241285817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Devil-land%3A+England+under+siege%2C+1588+to+1688&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0241285817&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Clare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2013" class="citation book cs1">Jones, J. R. (2013). <i>The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315845975" title="Special:BookSources/9781315845975"><bdi>9781315845975</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglo-Dutch+Wars+of+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781315845975&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKloster2016" class="citation book cs1">Kloster, W. (2016). <i>The Dutch Moment: War, Trade, and Settlement in the Seventeenth-Century Atlantic World</i>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501706677" title="Special:BookSources/9781501706677"><bdi>9781501706677</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+Moment%3A+War%2C+Trade%2C+and+Settlement+in+the+Seventeenth-Century+Atlantic+World&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781501706677&rft.aulast=Kloster&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_CouteurBurreson2003" class="citation book cs1">Le Couteur, Penny; Burreson, Jay (2003). <i>Napoleon's Buttons: How 17 Molecules Changed History</i>. Jeremy Tarcher. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1585422203" title="Special:BookSources/978-1585422203"><bdi>978-1585422203</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%27s+Buttons%3A+How+17+Molecules+Changed+History&rft.pub=Jeremy+Tarcher&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1585422203&rft.aulast=Le+Couteur&rft.aufirst=Penny&rft.au=Burreson%2C+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynn1999" class="citation book cs1">Lynn, J. A. (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warsoflouisxiv1600lynn"><i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1664–1714</i></a></span>. London: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780582056299" title="Special:BookSources/9780582056299"><bdi>9780582056299</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+Louis+XIV%2C+1664%E2%80%931714&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780582056299&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarsoflouisxiv1600lynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacInnes2008" class="citation book cs1">MacInnes, A. I. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/26339">"Scottish Circumvention"</a>. <i>Making, Using and Resisting the Law in European History</i>. Pisa: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">PUP</a>. pp. 109–130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788884925497" title="Special:BookSources/9788884925497"><bdi>9788884925497</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scottish+Circumvention&rft.btitle=Making%2C+Using+and+Resisting+the+Law+in+European+History&rft.place=Pisa&rft.pages=109-130&rft.pub=PUP&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9788884925497&rft.aulast=MacInnes&rft.aufirst=A.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstrathprints.strath.ac.uk%2F26339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1991" class="citation book cs1">Miller, John (1991). <i>Charles II</i>. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0297812142" title="Special:BookSources/978-0297812142"><bdi>978-0297812142</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+II&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0297812142&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolhuysenBlok1911" class="citation book cs1">Molhuysen, P. C.; Blok, P. J. (1911). <i>Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek</i>. Leiden: Sijthoff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nieuw+Nederlandsch+Biografisch+Woordenboek&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Sijthoff&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Molhuysen&rft.aufirst=P.+C.&rft.au=Blok%2C+P.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurdoch2010" class="citation book cs1">Murdoch, Steve (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatbritainto16007402mbp"><i>The Terror of the Seas? Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513–1713</i></a>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Academic_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill Academic Publishers">Brill Academic Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978900418568-5" title="Special:BookSources/978900418568-5"><bdi>978900418568-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Terror+of+the+Seas%3F+Scottish+Maritime+Warfare%2C+1513%E2%80%931713&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978900418568-5&rft.aulast=Murdoch&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatbritainto16007402mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgg1934" class="citation book cs1">Ogg, D. (1934). <i>England in the Reign of Charles II</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 357–388. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/490944369">490944369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+in+the+Reign+of+Charles+II&rft.pages=357-388&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1934&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F490944369&rft.aulast=Ogg&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1997" class="citation journal cs1">Palmer, M. A.J. (April 1997). "The 'Military Revolution' Afloat: The Era of the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Transition to Modern Warfare at Sea". <i>War in History</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 123–149. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F096834459700400201">10.1177/096834459700400201</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26004420">26004420</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159657621">159657621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+in+History&rft.atitle=The+%27Military+Revolution%27+Afloat%3A+The+Era+of+the+Anglo-Dutch+Wars+and+the+Transition+to+Modern+Warfare+at+Sea&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=123-149&rft.date=1997-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159657621%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26004420%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F096834459700400201&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=M.+A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPincus1992" class="citation journal cs1">Pincus, S. C. A. (1992). "Popery, Trade and Universal Monarchy". <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Historical_Review" title="The English Historical Review">Engl. Hist. Rev.</a></i> <b>107</b> (4): 1–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FCVII.CCCCXXII.1">10.1093/ehr/CVII.CCCCXXII.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/575674">575674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engl.+Hist.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Popery%2C+Trade+and+Universal+Monarchy&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1-29&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FCVII.CCCCXXII.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F575674%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Pincus&rft.aufirst=S.+C.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPincus2002" class="citation book cs1">Pincus, S. C. A. (2002). <i>Protestantism and Patriotism: Ideologies and the Making of English Foreign Policy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521893688" title="Special:BookSources/9780521893688"><bdi>9780521893688</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Protestantism+and+Patriotism%3A+Ideologies+and+the+Making+of+English+Foreign+Policy&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780521893688&rft.aulast=Pincus&rft.aufirst=S.+C.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPomfret1973" class="citation book cs1">Pomfret, J. E. (1973). <i>Colonial New Jersey: A History</i>. New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684133713" title="Special:BookSources/9780684133713"><bdi>9780684133713</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+New+Jersey%3A+A+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780684133713&rft.aulast=Pomfret&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaade_Bas1921" class="citation book cs1">Raa, F.J.G. ten; de Bas, François (1921). <i>Het Staatsche leger, 1568–1795 Dl. V, Van het sluiten van den vrede o Munster tot de verheffing van Prins Willem III van Oranje tot kapitein- en admiraal-generaal der Vereenigde Nederlanden, (1648–1672)</i>. Breda: Koninklijke Militaire Academie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Het+Staatsche+leger%2C+1568%E2%80%931795+Dl.+V%2C+Van+het+sluiten+van+den+vrede+o+Munster+tot+de+verheffing+van+Prins+Willem+III+van+Oranje+tot+kapitein-+en+admiraal-generaal+der+Vereenigde+Nederlanden%2C+%281648%E2%80%931672%29&rft.place=Breda&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Militaire+Academie&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Raa&rft.aufirst=F.J.G.+ten&rft.au=de+Bas%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodger2004" class="citation book cs1">Rodger, N. A. M. (2004). <i>The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780713994117" title="Special:BookSources/9780713994117"><bdi>9780713994117</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Command+of+the+Ocean%3A+A+Naval+History+of+Britain%2C+1649%E2%80%931815&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780713994117&rft.aulast=Rodger&rft.aufirst=N.+A.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRommelse2006" class="citation book cs1">Rommelse, G. (2006). <i>The Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667)</i>. Hilversum: Verloren. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789065509079" title="Special:BookSources/9789065509079"><bdi>9789065509079</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+Anglo-Dutch+War+%281665%E2%80%931667%29&rft.place=Hilversum&rft.pub=Verloren&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789065509079&rft.aulast=Rommelse&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRommelse2010" class="citation journal cs1">Rommelse, G. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0289.2009.00491.x">"The role of mercantilism in Anglo-Dutch political relations, 1650–74"</a>. <i>The Economic History Review</i>. <b>63</b> (3): 591–611. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0289.2009.00491.x">10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00491.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40929818">40929818</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145077506">145077506</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+History+Review&rft.atitle=The+role+of+mercantilism+in+Anglo-Dutch+political+relations%2C+1650%E2%80%9374&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=591-611&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145077506%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40929818%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0289.2009.00491.x&rft.aulast=Rommelse&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-0289.2009.00491.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosende2019" class="citation journal cs1">Rosende, Carlos (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2019/february/deepest-insult-norman-invasion">"The 'Deepest Insult … since the Norman Invasion'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Naval History Magazine</i>. <b>33</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naval+History+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+%27Deepest+Insult+%E2%80%A6+since+the+Norman+Invasion%27&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Rosende&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usni.org%2Fmagazines%2Fnaval-history-magazine%2F2019%2Ffebruary%2Fdeepest-insult-norman-invasion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaward1987" class="citation journal cs1">Seaward, Paul (1987). "The House of Commons Committee of Trade and the Origins of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, 1664". <i>The Historical Journal</i>. <b>30</b> (2): 437–452. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X00021518">10.1017/S0018246X00021518</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154665171">154665171</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+House+of+Commons+Committee+of+Trade+and+the+Origins+of+the+Second+Anglo-Dutch+War%2C+1664&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=437-452&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00021518&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154665171%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Seaward&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherman1976" class="citation journal cs1">Sherman, Arnold A (1976). "Pressure from Leadenhall: The East India Company Lobby, 1660–1678". <i>The Business History Review</i>. <b>50</b> (3): 329–355. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3112999">10.2307/3112999</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3112999">3112999</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154564220">154564220</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Business+History+Review&rft.atitle=Pressure+from+Leadenhall%3A+The+East+India+Company+Lobby%2C+1660%E2%80%931678&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=329-355&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154564220%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3112999%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3112999&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Aa1867" class="citation book cs1">Van der Aa, A. J. (1867). <i>Biographische Woordenboek der Nederlandenen</i>. Allart.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographische+Woordenboek+der+Nederlandenen&rft.pub=Allart&rft.date=1867&rft.aulast=Van+der+Aa&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVries2015" class="citation book cs1">Vries, P. (2015). <i>State, Economy and the Great Divergence: Great Britain and China, 1680s–1850s</i>. New York: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472529183" title="Special:BookSources/9781472529183"><bdi>9781472529183</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State%2C+Economy+and+the+Great+Divergence%3A+Great+Britain+and+China%2C+1680s%E2%80%931850s.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781472529183&rft.aulast=Vries&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2012" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, C. W. (2012). <i>Profit and Power: a Study of England and the Dutch Wars</i>. The Hague: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789401197625" title="Special:BookSources/9789401197625"><bdi>9789401197625</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Profit+and+Power%3A+a+Study+of+England+and+the+Dutch+Wars&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789401197625&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=C.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Anglo-Dutch+War" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916495#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916495#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916495#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808931/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4152288-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85005061">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12035725j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12035725j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="druhá anglo-nizozemská válka (1665-1667)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph963265&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294850705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&oldid=1255772091">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&oldid=1255772091</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Category:Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1660s_in_Europe" title="Category:1660s in Europe">1660s in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1665_in_Denmark" title="Category:1665 in Denmark">1665 in Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1665_in_England" title="Category:1665 in England">1665 in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1665_in_Norway" title="Category:1665 in Norway">1665 in Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1665_in_the_Dutch_Empire" title="Category:1665 in the Dutch Empire">1665 in the Dutch Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1667_in_Denmark" title="Category:1667 in Denmark">1667 in Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1667_in_England" title="Category:1667 in England">1667 in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1667_in_Norway" title="Category:1667 in Norway">1667 in Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1667_in_the_Dutch_Empire" title="Category:1667 in the Dutch Empire">1667 in the Dutch Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th_century_in_Denmark" title="Category:17th century in Denmark">17th century in Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_conflicts" title="Category:17th-century conflicts">17th-century conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_military_history_of_the_Kingdom_of_England" title="Category:17th-century military history of the Kingdom of England">17th-century military history of the Kingdom of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anglo-Dutch_Wars" title="Category:Anglo-Dutch Wars">Anglo-Dutch Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1665" title="Category:Conflicts in 1665">Conflicts in 1665</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1666" title="Category:Conflicts in 1666">Conflicts in 1666</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1667" title="Category:Conflicts in 1667">Conflicts in 1667</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_Republic%E2%80%93England_relations" title="Category:Dutch Republic–England relations">Dutch Republic–England relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_Denmark" title="Category:Wars involving Denmark">Wars involving Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_Norway" title="Category:Wars involving Norway">Wars involving Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Charles_II_of_England" title="Category:Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:James_II_of_England" title="Category:James II of England">James II of England</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2019">Use dmy dates from May 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 16:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Anglo-Dutch_War&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7zwfr","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.137","walltime":"1.335","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12460,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":167122,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27182,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":163022,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1166.534 1 -total"," 24.92% 290.745 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 23.98% 279.688 102 Template:Sfn"," 14.54% 169.668 29 Template:Cite_book"," 11.16% 130.136 7 Template:Efn"," 10.30% 120.164 6 Template:Plainlist"," 9.60% 111.967 2 Template:Reflist"," 9.44% 110.121 1 Template:Langx"," 7.06% 82.324 1 Template:Campaignbox_Second_Anglo-Dutch_War"," 6.98% 81.419 2 Template:Campaignbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.688","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25791246,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFArmitage2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAshley1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoxer1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrinkmann1906\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBruijn2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavenport2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeyl1936\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoslinga2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroenveld1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHainsworthChurches1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes1934\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutton1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsrael1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKloster2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLe_CouteurBurreson2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLynn1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacInnes2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMolhuysenBlok1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurdoch2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOgg1934\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmer1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPincus1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPincus2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPomfret1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaade_Bas1921\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodger2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRommelse2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRommelse2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosende2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeaward1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherman1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_der_Aa1867\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVries2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Anglo-Dutch Wars\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Second Anglo-Dutch War\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 10,\n [\"Cn\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Anglo-Dutch War, 2nd\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 7,\n [\"Flagcountry\"] = 6,\n [\"Flagd\"] = 10,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 4,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 7,\n [\"HMS\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"KIA\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 6,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 102,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start and end dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-cfgc4","timestamp":"20241122140910","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Second Anglo-Dutch War","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q916495","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q916495","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-07-29T03:56:22Z","dateModified":"2024-11-06T16:11:03Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fd\/Storck%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg","headline":"Second conflict between England and the Dutch Republic (1665-1667)"}</script> </body> </html>