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class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126430461/Unwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human_Rights_Violations_in_Indonesia">Unwilling and Unable Test in Gross Human Rights Violations in Indonesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied, a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews is an Open Access publication. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126430459"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126430459/Human_Rights_and_Democracy_in_South_Asia_Theory_and_Practice_in_Pakistan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Human Rights and Democracy in South Asia: Theory and Practice in Pakistan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120308683/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126430459/Human_Rights_and_Democracy_in_South_Asia_Theory_and_Practice_in_Pakistan">Human Rights and Democracy in South Asia: Theory and Practice in Pakistan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Political instability in Pakistan has led to a weak and inconsistent protection of human rights, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Political instability in Pakistan has led to a weak and inconsistent protection of human rights, with human rights abuses being committed with impunity and limited accountability, ultimately hindering the development of a strong and sustainable democratic system. The paper gives an overview of the legal protections provided under the Constitution of Pakistan regarding fundamental human rights. The paper aims to provides an analysis of the application of various human rights regulations and the ground realities in the country. Using a variety of secondary data sources, including human rights reports, news articles, and legal documents, the paper explores the extent to which the government of Pakistan is fulfilling its obligations under national and international human rights regulations. This research paper examines the current situation of human rights in Pakistan, with a focus on key issues such as the rule of law, economic challenges, fight against corruption and terrorism, women and minority rights, and freedom of expression. The findings suggest that while there have been some positive developments in recent years, such as the strengthening of counter-terrorism measures and the creation of new laws to protect women's rights, significant challenges remain. 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123495293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123495293]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495293; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123495293']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123495293]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123495293,"title":"Corruption in Batak Na Raja Perspective","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123495293/Corruption_in_Batak_Na_Raja_Perspective","owner_id":4891400,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":4891400,"first_name":"Manotar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tampubolon","page_name":"ManotarTampubolon","domain_name":"wwwuki","created_at":"2013-07-18T19:04:14.810-07:00","display_name":"Manotar Tampubolon","url":"https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123495292"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495292/Discrimination_of_persons_with_mental_illness_testing_the_principles_for_the_protection_of_persons_with_mental_illness_and_the_improvement_of_mental_health_care_in_Indonesia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Discrimination of persons with mental illness: testing the principles for the protection of persons with mental illness and the improvement of mental health care in Indonesia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117913200/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495292/Discrimination_of_persons_with_mental_illness_testing_the_principles_for_the_protection_of_persons_with_mental_illness_and_the_improvement_of_mental_health_care_in_Indonesia">Discrimination of persons with mental illness: testing the principles for the protection of persons with mental illness and the improvement of mental health care in Indonesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>F1000Research</span><span>, Apr 4, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background Discriminatory acts against individual freedom rights in the context of human rights a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background Discriminatory acts against individual freedom rights in the context of human rights and dignity in Indonesia have been in the international spotlight due to human rights violations for years. Although the condition of individuals with mental disorders in Indonesia is quite worrying when viewed from the context of human rights; however, some basic mental health services are not available in most parts of the country. Methods This qualitative research uses secondary data such as health literature, social scientific, and national legal studies. The thematic analysis in this study concentrates on answering different research questions. However, this study encountered limited scope on two grounds; the first focuses on whether the National Mental Health Act (MHA) meets the basics set by the principles of CRPD. The second was the impact of other different rights on people with mental disorders. Results The results of this study on the number of cases of shackles and the differences between International Mental Health standards and the Indonesian Mental Health Act are also presented. A total of 23 studies Open Peer Review Approval Status AWAITING PEER REVIEW Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a6bb2236d8d54d944e845daecdf32d18" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117913200,"asset_id":123495292,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117913200/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123495292"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123495292"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495292; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123495291"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495291/Enhancing_Respect_for_Human_Rights_in_the_Americas"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing Respect for Human Rights in the Americas" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495291/Enhancing_Respect_for_Human_Rights_in_the_Americas">Enhancing Respect for Human Rights in the Americas</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews</span><span>, Mar 30, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As an exploratory research, our paper aims to describe the role played by the Inter-American Cour...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As an exploratory research, our paper aims to describe the role played by the Inter-American Court of human rights in standardising the interpretation of conventional human rights in the Americas. This is basic research. We use qualitative methods to understand the different ways applied by the Inter American Court to enforce not only its judgements, but the content of regional human rights instruments as well as its interpretation, over that of national tribunals. Results have implications for victims of human rights violations in the continent, since every national congress has a duty to apply and enact new legislation in order to comply with the Court’s standards. Knowing the content of the Inter American Court’s judgements is a first necessary step to apply its standards to every domestic decision.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123495291"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123495291"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495291; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123495291]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123495291]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495291; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123495291']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123495291]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123495291,"title":"Enhancing Respect for Human Rights in the Americas","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123495291/Enhancing_Respect_for_Human_Rights_in_the_Americas","owner_id":4891400,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":4891400,"first_name":"Manotar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tampubolon","page_name":"ManotarTampubolon","domain_name":"wwwuki","created_at":"2013-07-18T19:04:14.810-07:00","display_name":"Manotar Tampubolon","url":"https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123495290"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495290/Rural_Homelessness_The_Hidden_Crisis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rural Homelessness: The Hidden Crisis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117913199/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495290/Rural_Homelessness_The_Hidden_Crisis">Rural Homelessness: The Hidden Crisis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Urban homelessness has been extensively studied, but rural homelessness, especially in one city, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Urban homelessness has been extensively studied, but rural homelessness, especially in one city, has not. This study compares rural homeless people to metropolitan ones to highlight their hardships. The book chapter titled "Rural Homelessness: The Hidden Crisis" provides insight into the phenomenon of homelessness in rural regions. The authors have utilized pre-existing research to underscore the distinct obstacles that homeless individuals encounter in rural areas. The challenges encompass restricted availability of resources and amenities, social seclusion, and the absence of reasonably priced housing. The chapter delves into an examination of the origins and outcomes of homelessness in rural areas, encompassing factors such as destitution, joblessness, psychological disorders, and drug addiction. The contention put forth by the authors is that the issue of homelessness in rural areas is frequently disregarded and inadequately financed, rendering it a concealed crisis. The chapter also offers prospective remedies and policy suggestions to tackle the issue, including augmenting the availability of housing, healthcare, and support services. In general, this particular chapter of the book offers significant perspectives regarding the intricacies of homelessness in rural areas and emphasizes the critical necessity of taking action to tackle this pressing concern.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="694a95f9185d837be5b55d6b8c7d8861" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117913199,"asset_id":123495290,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117913199/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123495290"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123495290"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495290; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123495289"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495289/A_Human_Rights_Based_Critical_Discourse_on_the_Abolition_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Human Rights-Based Critical Discourse on the Abolition of Child Sexual Abuse" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495289/A_Human_Rights_Based_Critical_Discourse_on_the_Abolition_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse">A Human Rights-Based Critical Discourse on the Abolition of Child Sexual Abuse</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews</span><span>, Dec 29, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123495289"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123495289"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495289; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "83420a29369d151d88dd0f732d6530e4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123495287]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123495287,"title":"Unwilling and Unable Test in Gross Human Rights Violations in Indonesia","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123495287/Unwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human_Rights_Violations_in_Indonesia","owner_id":4891400,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":4891400,"first_name":"Manotar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tampubolon","page_name":"ManotarTampubolon","domain_name":"wwwuki","created_at":"2013-07-18T19:04:14.810-07:00","display_name":"Manotar Tampubolon","url":"https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon"},"attachments":[{"id":117913192,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117913192/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"12465.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117913192/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Unwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117913192/12465-libre.pdf?1725325384=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUnwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human.pdf\u0026Expires=1739825432\u0026Signature=N8OvyAUo9IHqCRB-vKvF87p9Sxz~mAutecpOxG1~j2te~YBt1YWNSGsxk~cJcNOfh1wQW4NSply5omdbnXpGdIKt2Ne0kxXtQL69LZnuVeYZL81PbIwYQS~SwUE3pltQCX6aQ4zebvnr8J055fhHTu62IB~FhcGFfudwQcTm3h3Ea5jKxT4D1ifdhQGkt9iSmPlH0pdpp8mGXpu8~8NaPsQh5cQrYWLjJP66qVd3HzRDRH70GxsOCY6p-XDWXO822i~yfflPtNVmI2Mc1xtnIIM9wv3vmZXNcMFzKOcrhjm0JZHSWyUkCpS7ftOv5g0CK5QtcoaPCd7WfEcGrQR2Ww__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117913193,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117913193/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"12465.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117913193/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Unwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117913193/12465-libre.pdf?1725325552=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUnwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human.pdf\u0026Expires=1739825432\u0026Signature=AcIUWMbGV7tHBsChMmwGMAg8GYIr4cQzthiyC3FFv-6bGu-r6ARfsCDHEblWBpFNQ38R9UOJZg~19ZcPgCh3Olr-dxH9CPuEYQelvB1K-d0Gg7TAVdtsxrsLWg1c0two6x1QYfAITCramTddMGTl2ntNtz6qiTojARR55aXZwKpYnoPhpV5zuK5UaWkvs2oKnE0sJAINi73O1LYhlNBs77htelr-0ZwjOaQ3YSQ8wXuo3BF9fNfYVhD61LLRpe7-JqYSmQ30osTgmNnW~CggBjeqwAvjgNsE4PPvascz~p9nLOE~9MTTI5607lVDCB57WEF4LHhU~SFNrg7uy475NA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109755422"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109755422/Strategy_for_identification_of_Hoax_News_in_digital_media_in_facing_case_of_racism_of_Papua_students_in_Indonesia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Strategy for identification of Hoax News in digital media in facing case of racism of Papua students in Indonesia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107785301/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109755422/Strategy_for_identification_of_Hoax_News_in_digital_media_in_facing_case_of_racism_of_Papua_students_in_Indonesia">Strategy for identification of Hoax News in digital media in facing case of racism of Papua students in Indonesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Technium Social Sciences Journal</span><span>, Jul 9, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The amount of hoax information spread about the case of racism of Papuan students in Surabaya can...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The amount of hoax information spread about the case of racism of Papuan students in Surabaya can certainly trigger conflict. Therefore, Papuan students are required to be able to properly analyze information obtained from any source, especially from digital media. This study aims to determine the strategy of Papuan students in identifying hoax news about cases of racism in digital media. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques consisting of observation, in-depth interviews, documentation and focus group discussions. The informants consisted of Papuan students in Jayapura and Jakarta. Data analysis uses data reduction, data display and conclusion/verification. The results showed that student literacy about hoaxes consisted of (1) hoaxes were confusing and provocative information, (2) hoaxes were news diversion issues, (3) untrue news and (4) hoaxes sourced from the community and the state. Related to how Papuan students identify hoaxes, they are (a) looking for comparative information on other media, (b) checking and rechecking with friends and family, and (c) checking the clarity of information sources. To be critical of hoax news, students are criticizing hoaxes against images, photos and news that are not appropriate, criticizing foreign media and domestic media that spread hoaxes, and criticizing the government as a hoax spreader. The recommendation for this research is that the government makes an electronic-based information system that can be used by the Papuan people as a means to find out the government's efforts in educating and educating the Papuan people in the field of Digital Media Literacy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fe22ff973222662784322e5326274a8c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107785301,"asset_id":109755422,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107785301/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109755422"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109755422"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109755422; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109755407"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109755407/Digital_Face_Forgery_and_the_Role_of_Digital_Forensics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Digital Face Forgery and the Role of Digital Forensics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109755407/Digital_Face_Forgery_and_the_Role_of_Digital_Forensics">Digital Face Forgery and the Role of Digital Forensics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109755407"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109755407"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109755407; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109755407]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109755407]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109755407; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109755407']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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Fear of death and health emergencies have brought people closer to religion. However, social and other limitations have made it hard for people to keep their religious duties. This study examines the use of technology and the online church for Christian services during the COVID-19 lockdown period, which is not in accordance with the concept of congregation. The author discusses the validity of the use of technology and online church by Christians and how it impacts traditional worship services from biblical and theological perspectives. Research Findings show the high attendance after the change from traditional worship services to the use of technology and online church. The data used in this study is secondary data that was found through desk research and reliable sources. The research findings indicate big effects on all parts of society and r...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2fc24c04c3199396839ac20b52bf8ee" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104759251,"asset_id":105254036,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104759251/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105254036"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105254036"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105254036; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105254035"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105254035/Penyuluhan_Hukum_Menuju_Destinasi_Wisata_Internasional_Bebas_Narkoba_di_Balige_Kabupaten_Toba_Sumatera_Utara"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Penyuluhan Hukum Menuju Destinasi Wisata Internasional Bebas Narkoba di Balige, Kabupaten Toba, Sumatera Utara" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104759248/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105254035/Penyuluhan_Hukum_Menuju_Destinasi_Wisata_Internasional_Bebas_Narkoba_di_Balige_Kabupaten_Toba_Sumatera_Utara">Penyuluhan Hukum Menuju Destinasi Wisata Internasional Bebas Narkoba di Balige, Kabupaten Toba, Sumatera Utara</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Narkoba tidak terlepas dari daerah wisata internasional sehingga berkontribusi terhadap kejahatan...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Narkoba tidak terlepas dari daerah wisata internasional sehingga berkontribusi terhadap kejahatan lokal, kemiskinan dan ketidaksetaraan sosial di komunitas setempat. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat Kabupaten Toba, Sumatera Utara sebagai salah satu destinasi wisata internasional tentang narkoba dan akibatnya bagi masyarakat setempat, penyuluhan hukum narkoba dilakukan dengan metode partisipatif, menyampaikan materi yang berhubungan dengan narkoba dan diikuti dengan seri tanya-jawab. Pengetahuan peserta tentang narkoba meningkat baik dari sisi promotif maupun preventif. Penyuluhan hukum destinasi wisata internasional bebas narkoba meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat Kabupaten Toba baik promotif maupun preventif. Disarankan agar perangkat desa, Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Anti Narkoba dan Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Toba tetap mengedukasi masyarakat tentang anti narkoba sehingga Kabupaten Toba terwujud menjadi destinasi wisata internasional bebas narkoba</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c3a20c30f32a929b1195188108d6f19f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104759248,"asset_id":105254035,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104759248/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105254035"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105254035"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105254035; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101968383"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968383/Exploring_human_rights_violations_in_post_new_era_Indonesia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Exploring human rights violations in post new era Indonesia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102408354/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968383/Exploring_human_rights_violations_in_post_new_era_Indonesia">Exploring human rights violations in post new era Indonesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Economics, Law and Politics</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although human rights have been officially recognized in Indonesia, human rights violations have ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although human rights have been officially recognized in Indonesia, human rights violations have persisted since Suharto&#39;s authoritarian regime. The purpose of this article is to examine why human rights violations that have occurred in Indonesia since the New Order era, when the Suharto regime was in power, but have yet to be resolved. With a human rights perspective, the author employs qualitative research methods in conjunction with secondary data from credible sources. Human rights violations committed during the New Order regime went unpunished, and impunity reigned. To this day, there are challenges to impunity for human rights violations in Indonesia, where the government does not have good faith to fulfil the rights of victims of human rights violations, and civil society organizations both on the national and international levels are powerless to support the resolution of these human rights violations. This situation will have an impact on Indonesia&#39;s international ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="80728f7e3ccfe99166e8da4e441f86c4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102408354,"asset_id":101968383,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102408354/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101968383"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101968383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101968383; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101968382"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968382/A_Human_Rights_Based_Critical_Discourse_on_the_Abolition_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Human Rights-Based Critical Discourse on the Abolition of Child Sexual Abuse" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968382/A_Human_Rights_Based_Critical_Discourse_on_the_Abolition_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse">A Human Rights-Based Critical Discourse on the Abolition of Child Sexual Abuse</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101968382"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101968382"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101968382; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101968382]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101968382,"title":"A Human Rights-Based Critical Discourse on the Abolition of Child Sexual Abuse","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101968382/A_Human_Rights_Based_Critical_Discourse_on_the_Abolition_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse","owner_id":4891400,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":4891400,"first_name":"Manotar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tampubolon","page_name":"ManotarTampubolon","domain_name":"wwwuki","created_at":"2013-07-18T19:04:14.810-07:00","display_name":"Manotar Tampubolon","url":"https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101968371"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968371/Perlindungan_Hukum_Terhadap_Perempuan_Dalam_Masalah_Penegakan_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Pada_Kasus_Pidana"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Dalam Masalah Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia Pada Kasus Pidana" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102360832/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968371/Perlindungan_Hukum_Terhadap_Perempuan_Dalam_Masalah_Penegakan_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Pada_Kasus_Pidana">Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Dalam Masalah Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia Pada Kasus Pidana</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Jurnal Darma Agung</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap perempuan dalam masa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap perempuan dalam masalah penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) pada kasus pidana. Diskriminasi yang dialami perempuan pada kasus pidana menjadi perhatian penting dalam masalah penegakan HAM. Bentuk perlakuan yang tidak manusia dan merendahkan harkat dan martabat manusia yaitu kekerasan verbal termasuk didalamnya pelecehan seksual dan kekerasan fisik. Bentuk dari penyiksaan tersebut dengan memanfaatkan organ seksualitas dan reproduksi perempuan berupa penelanjangan dan pemerkosaan. Perempuan yang berhadapan dengan kasus pidana masih mengalami kekerasan serta direnggut harkat dan martabatnya sebagai manusia yang dilakukan justru oleh Aparat Penegak Hukum (APH). Negara harus melindunginya melalui kebijakan hukum yang ketat untuk melindungi hak-hak perempuan dalam perspektif hukum emansipatif. Untuk keberhasilan perlindungan hukum terhadap perempuan ini tentunya harus didukung oleh semua pihakDari penjelasan tersebu...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8a1dc1bd6000c54f604a88b778b01795" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102360832,"asset_id":101968371,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102360832/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101968371"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101968371"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101968371; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98427916"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98427916/Judicial_breakfast_as_an_external_factor_in_judicial_decision_making_in_courts"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Judicial breakfast as an external factor in judicial decision making in courts" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99781902/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98427916/Judicial_breakfast_as_an_external_factor_in_judicial_decision_making_in_courts">Judicial breakfast as an external factor in judicial decision making in courts</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>F1000Research</span><span>, Jan 4, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The objective of this article is to establish whether the judges depend on relevant facts, judici...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The objective of this article is to establish whether the judges depend on relevant facts, judicial rules, and the law when making their judgments or they use extraneous factors such as what a judge eats, personal ideology, beliefs, or the cultural and political environment. The discourse between the two sides is incomplete without exploring the grand theories: formalism and realism. The antimony between the two theories resulted in theoretical analysis and empirical research. The realism challenged the existing logical reasoning and legal rules that judges use in making their judgment as they contend that judges applying rules and law in their decision-making process are irrational and mechanical. Formalism insists on using the judicial rules and the law in making decisions as opposed to extraneous factors, which realists contend should be the basis for decision making with laws and rules only to support the findings. The continental legal theory holds that legal realism is a hard-nosed, down-to-earth, and practical school of thought that is opposed to mechanical and scientific theories. The scholarly analysis of the judicial decision-making process brings into focus the conduct of judicial officers and whether they base their reasoning on extrajudicial issues. However, the discussion should avoid denigrating into an attack on the personality of judges as it undermines the rule of law.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="678550794c0647281349ffa9e07e8426" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99781902,"asset_id":98427916,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99781902/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98427916"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98427916"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98427916; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91252731"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91252731/ASEAN_Collective_Responsibility_in_Upholding_Sovereignty_in_South_China_Sea_Exclusive_Economic_Zone"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ASEAN Collective Responsibility in Upholding Sovereignty in South China Sea Exclusive Economic Zone" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94592315/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91252731/ASEAN_Collective_Responsibility_in_Upholding_Sovereignty_in_South_China_Sea_Exclusive_Economic_Zone">ASEAN Collective Responsibility in Upholding Sovereignty in South China Sea Exclusive Economic Zone</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Economics, Law and Politics</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of this article is to explain the urgencies of ASEAN Regional Cooperation in upholdin...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of this article is to explain the urgencies of ASEAN Regional Cooperation in upholding the South China Sea Exclusive Economic Zone. Furthermore, this article also explains how such regional cooperation can effectively be applied by ASEAN according to international law rules and principles. This article is legal research based on the theoretical framework by gathering legal scholars&#39; opinions and normative framework by gathering related articles in international treaties. By applying these frameworks, the authors gathered the data for this article through secondary data collection in a form of primary sources, secondary sources, and tertiary sources. In discussing the urgency of the article herein, the authors found out that ASEAN as an international organization consisting of sovereign states shall exercise its primary obligations under UNCLOS 1982 and ASEAN Charter in a good faith, ASEAN shall exercise its sovereign rights on the South China Sea EEZ according to the...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="804c43d675d3868074d527823cd58fe4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94592315,"asset_id":91252731,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94592315/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91252731"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91252731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91252731; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="87932983"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/87932983/Stigmatization_of_Former_Corruption_Convicts_in_Indonesian_Parliament_Elections"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Stigmatization of Former Corruption Convicts in Indonesian Parliament Elections" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/87932983/Stigmatization_of_Former_Corruption_Convicts_in_Indonesian_Parliament_Elections">Stigmatization of Former Corruption Convicts in Indonesian Parliament Elections</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article examines the social stigma of defunct corruption convicted criminals in Indonesia&#3...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article examines the social stigma of defunct corruption convicted criminals in Indonesia&#39;s parliament elections using the stigma concept and human rights. This research is a socio-legal cogitate which disfigures the challenges of the electoral social stigma of peoples&#39; political freedoms whenever one wants to pursue just after elections and be appointed through lawful means. Every Indonesian citizen may cast a ballot and be selected, which is granted and protected by the law. However, in most cases, such sheltered rights are limited once former prisoners from Indonesia run for positions in the council or legislature. The primary squeezing address is why the state should restrict prior devaluation of prisoners&#39; capacity to run for parliamentary office whereas ensuring that each citizen&#39;s political rights are fully protected within the framework. The explanation for this may be that the national legislature is among the most fraudulent institutions in the country...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="87932983"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="87932983"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 87932983; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=87932983]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=87932983]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 87932983; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='87932983']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=87932983]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":87932983,"title":"Stigmatization of Former Corruption Convicts in Indonesian Parliament Elections","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87932983/Stigmatization_of_Former_Corruption_Convicts_in_Indonesian_Parliament_Elections","owner_id":4891400,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":4891400,"first_name":"Manotar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tampubolon","page_name":"ManotarTampubolon","domain_name":"wwwuki","created_at":"2013-07-18T19:04:14.810-07:00","display_name":"Manotar Tampubolon","url":"https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="921422" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126430461"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126430461/Unwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human_Rights_Violations_in_Indonesia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Unwilling and Unable Test in Gross Human Rights Violations in Indonesia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120308685/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126430461/Unwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human_Rights_Violations_in_Indonesia">Unwilling and Unable Test in Gross Human Rights Violations in Indonesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied, a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied, and distributed free of charge according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4b5427b6a125b90fd37946a1d189f3b5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120308685,"asset_id":126430461,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120308685/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126430461"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126430461"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126430461; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126430459"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126430459/Human_Rights_and_Democracy_in_South_Asia_Theory_and_Practice_in_Pakistan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Human Rights and Democracy in South Asia: Theory and Practice in Pakistan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120308683/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126430459/Human_Rights_and_Democracy_in_South_Asia_Theory_and_Practice_in_Pakistan">Human Rights and Democracy in South Asia: Theory and Practice in Pakistan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Political instability in Pakistan has led to a weak and inconsistent protection of human rights, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Political instability in Pakistan has led to a weak and inconsistent protection of human rights, with human rights abuses being committed with impunity and limited accountability, ultimately hindering the development of a strong and sustainable democratic system. The paper gives an overview of the legal protections provided under the Constitution of Pakistan regarding fundamental human rights. The paper aims to provides an analysis of the application of various human rights regulations and the ground realities in the country. Using a variety of secondary data sources, including human rights reports, news articles, and legal documents, the paper explores the extent to which the government of Pakistan is fulfilling its obligations under national and international human rights regulations. This research paper examines the current situation of human rights in Pakistan, with a focus on key issues such as the rule of law, economic challenges, fight against corruption and terrorism, women and minority rights, and freedom of expression. The findings suggest that while there have been some positive developments in recent years, such as the strengthening of counter-terrorism measures and the creation of new laws to protect women's rights, significant challenges remain. These challenges include the failure to hold perpetrators of human rights abuses accountable, the use of legal regulations to suppress dissent and free speech, and the continued discrimination against religious minorities and marginalized groups.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9f83a3cf22103c068ea7de022b902662" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120308683,"asset_id":126430459,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120308683/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126430459"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126430459"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126430459; 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123495293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123495293]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495293; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123495293']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123495293]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123495293,"title":"Corruption in Batak Na Raja Perspective","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123495293/Corruption_in_Batak_Na_Raja_Perspective","owner_id":4891400,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":4891400,"first_name":"Manotar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tampubolon","page_name":"ManotarTampubolon","domain_name":"wwwuki","created_at":"2013-07-18T19:04:14.810-07:00","display_name":"Manotar Tampubolon","url":"https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123495292"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495292/Discrimination_of_persons_with_mental_illness_testing_the_principles_for_the_protection_of_persons_with_mental_illness_and_the_improvement_of_mental_health_care_in_Indonesia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Discrimination of persons with mental illness: testing the principles for the protection of persons with mental illness and the improvement of mental health care in Indonesia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117913200/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495292/Discrimination_of_persons_with_mental_illness_testing_the_principles_for_the_protection_of_persons_with_mental_illness_and_the_improvement_of_mental_health_care_in_Indonesia">Discrimination of persons with mental illness: testing the principles for the protection of persons with mental illness and the improvement of mental health care in Indonesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>F1000Research</span><span>, Apr 4, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background Discriminatory acts against individual freedom rights in the context of human rights a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background Discriminatory acts against individual freedom rights in the context of human rights and dignity in Indonesia have been in the international spotlight due to human rights violations for years. Although the condition of individuals with mental disorders in Indonesia is quite worrying when viewed from the context of human rights; however, some basic mental health services are not available in most parts of the country. Methods This qualitative research uses secondary data such as health literature, social scientific, and national legal studies. The thematic analysis in this study concentrates on answering different research questions. However, this study encountered limited scope on two grounds; the first focuses on whether the National Mental Health Act (MHA) meets the basics set by the principles of CRPD. The second was the impact of other different rights on people with mental disorders. Results The results of this study on the number of cases of shackles and the differences between International Mental Health standards and the Indonesian Mental Health Act are also presented. A total of 23 studies Open Peer Review Approval Status AWAITING PEER REVIEW Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a6bb2236d8d54d944e845daecdf32d18" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117913200,"asset_id":123495292,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117913200/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123495292"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123495292"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495292; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123495291"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495291/Enhancing_Respect_for_Human_Rights_in_the_Americas"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing Respect for Human Rights in the Americas" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495291/Enhancing_Respect_for_Human_Rights_in_the_Americas">Enhancing Respect for Human Rights in the Americas</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews</span><span>, Mar 30, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As an exploratory research, our paper aims to describe the role played by the Inter-American Cour...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As an exploratory research, our paper aims to describe the role played by the Inter-American Court of human rights in standardising the interpretation of conventional human rights in the Americas. This is basic research. We use qualitative methods to understand the different ways applied by the Inter American Court to enforce not only its judgements, but the content of regional human rights instruments as well as its interpretation, over that of national tribunals. Results have implications for victims of human rights violations in the continent, since every national congress has a duty to apply and enact new legislation in order to comply with the Court’s standards. Knowing the content of the Inter American Court’s judgements is a first necessary step to apply its standards to every domestic decision.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123495291"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123495291"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495291; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123495291]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123495291]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495291; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123495291']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123495291]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123495291,"title":"Enhancing Respect for Human Rights in the Americas","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123495291/Enhancing_Respect_for_Human_Rights_in_the_Americas","owner_id":4891400,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":4891400,"first_name":"Manotar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tampubolon","page_name":"ManotarTampubolon","domain_name":"wwwuki","created_at":"2013-07-18T19:04:14.810-07:00","display_name":"Manotar Tampubolon","url":"https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123495290"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495290/Rural_Homelessness_The_Hidden_Crisis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rural Homelessness: The Hidden Crisis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117913199/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495290/Rural_Homelessness_The_Hidden_Crisis">Rural Homelessness: The Hidden Crisis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Urban homelessness has been extensively studied, but rural homelessness, especially in one city, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Urban homelessness has been extensively studied, but rural homelessness, especially in one city, has not. This study compares rural homeless people to metropolitan ones to highlight their hardships. The book chapter titled "Rural Homelessness: The Hidden Crisis" provides insight into the phenomenon of homelessness in rural regions. The authors have utilized pre-existing research to underscore the distinct obstacles that homeless individuals encounter in rural areas. The challenges encompass restricted availability of resources and amenities, social seclusion, and the absence of reasonably priced housing. The chapter delves into an examination of the origins and outcomes of homelessness in rural areas, encompassing factors such as destitution, joblessness, psychological disorders, and drug addiction. The contention put forth by the authors is that the issue of homelessness in rural areas is frequently disregarded and inadequately financed, rendering it a concealed crisis. The chapter also offers prospective remedies and policy suggestions to tackle the issue, including augmenting the availability of housing, healthcare, and support services. In general, this particular chapter of the book offers significant perspectives regarding the intricacies of homelessness in rural areas and emphasizes the critical necessity of taking action to tackle this pressing concern.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="694a95f9185d837be5b55d6b8c7d8861" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117913199,"asset_id":123495290,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117913199/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123495290"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123495290"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495290; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123495289"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495289/A_Human_Rights_Based_Critical_Discourse_on_the_Abolition_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Human Rights-Based Critical Discourse on the Abolition of Child Sexual Abuse" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123495289/A_Human_Rights_Based_Critical_Discourse_on_the_Abolition_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse">A Human Rights-Based Critical Discourse on the Abolition of Child Sexual Abuse</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews</span><span>, Dec 29, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123495289"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123495289"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123495289; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "83420a29369d151d88dd0f732d6530e4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123495287]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123495287,"title":"Unwilling and Unable Test in Gross Human Rights Violations in Indonesia","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123495287/Unwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human_Rights_Violations_in_Indonesia","owner_id":4891400,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":4891400,"first_name":"Manotar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tampubolon","page_name":"ManotarTampubolon","domain_name":"wwwuki","created_at":"2013-07-18T19:04:14.810-07:00","display_name":"Manotar Tampubolon","url":"https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon"},"attachments":[{"id":117913192,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117913192/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"12465.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117913192/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Unwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117913192/12465-libre.pdf?1725325384=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUnwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human.pdf\u0026Expires=1739825432\u0026Signature=N8OvyAUo9IHqCRB-vKvF87p9Sxz~mAutecpOxG1~j2te~YBt1YWNSGsxk~cJcNOfh1wQW4NSply5omdbnXpGdIKt2Ne0kxXtQL69LZnuVeYZL81PbIwYQS~SwUE3pltQCX6aQ4zebvnr8J055fhHTu62IB~FhcGFfudwQcTm3h3Ea5jKxT4D1ifdhQGkt9iSmPlH0pdpp8mGXpu8~8NaPsQh5cQrYWLjJP66qVd3HzRDRH70GxsOCY6p-XDWXO822i~yfflPtNVmI2Mc1xtnIIM9wv3vmZXNcMFzKOcrhjm0JZHSWyUkCpS7ftOv5g0CK5QtcoaPCd7WfEcGrQR2Ww__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117913193,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117913193/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"12465.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117913193/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Unwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117913193/12465-libre.pdf?1725325552=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUnwilling_and_Unable_Test_in_Gross_Human.pdf\u0026Expires=1739825432\u0026Signature=AcIUWMbGV7tHBsChMmwGMAg8GYIr4cQzthiyC3FFv-6bGu-r6ARfsCDHEblWBpFNQ38R9UOJZg~19ZcPgCh3Olr-dxH9CPuEYQelvB1K-d0Gg7TAVdtsxrsLWg1c0two6x1QYfAITCramTddMGTl2ntNtz6qiTojARR55aXZwKpYnoPhpV5zuK5UaWkvs2oKnE0sJAINi73O1LYhlNBs77htelr-0ZwjOaQ3YSQ8wXuo3BF9fNfYVhD61LLRpe7-JqYSmQ30osTgmNnW~CggBjeqwAvjgNsE4PPvascz~p9nLOE~9MTTI5607lVDCB57WEF4LHhU~SFNrg7uy475NA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109755422"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109755422/Strategy_for_identification_of_Hoax_News_in_digital_media_in_facing_case_of_racism_of_Papua_students_in_Indonesia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Strategy for identification of Hoax News in digital media in facing case of racism of Papua students in Indonesia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107785301/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109755422/Strategy_for_identification_of_Hoax_News_in_digital_media_in_facing_case_of_racism_of_Papua_students_in_Indonesia">Strategy for identification of Hoax News in digital media in facing case of racism of Papua students in Indonesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Technium Social Sciences Journal</span><span>, Jul 9, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The amount of hoax information spread about the case of racism of Papuan students in Surabaya can...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The amount of hoax information spread about the case of racism of Papuan students in Surabaya can certainly trigger conflict. Therefore, Papuan students are required to be able to properly analyze information obtained from any source, especially from digital media. This study aims to determine the strategy of Papuan students in identifying hoax news about cases of racism in digital media. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques consisting of observation, in-depth interviews, documentation and focus group discussions. The informants consisted of Papuan students in Jayapura and Jakarta. Data analysis uses data reduction, data display and conclusion/verification. The results showed that student literacy about hoaxes consisted of (1) hoaxes were confusing and provocative information, (2) hoaxes were news diversion issues, (3) untrue news and (4) hoaxes sourced from the community and the state. Related to how Papuan students identify hoaxes, they are (a) looking for comparative information on other media, (b) checking and rechecking with friends and family, and (c) checking the clarity of information sources. To be critical of hoax news, students are criticizing hoaxes against images, photos and news that are not appropriate, criticizing foreign media and domestic media that spread hoaxes, and criticizing the government as a hoax spreader. The recommendation for this research is that the government makes an electronic-based information system that can be used by the Papuan people as a means to find out the government's efforts in educating and educating the Papuan people in the field of Digital Media Literacy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fe22ff973222662784322e5326274a8c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107785301,"asset_id":109755422,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107785301/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109755422"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109755422"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109755422; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109755407"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109755407/Digital_Face_Forgery_and_the_Role_of_Digital_Forensics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Digital Face Forgery and the Role of Digital Forensics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/109755407/Digital_Face_Forgery_and_the_Role_of_Digital_Forensics">Digital Face Forgery and the Role of Digital Forensics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109755407"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109755407"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109755407; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109755407]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109755407]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109755407; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109755407']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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Fear of death and health emergencies have brought people closer to religion. However, social and other limitations have made it hard for people to keep their religious duties. This study examines the use of technology and the online church for Christian services during the COVID-19 lockdown period, which is not in accordance with the concept of congregation. The author discusses the validity of the use of technology and online church by Christians and how it impacts traditional worship services from biblical and theological perspectives. Research Findings show the high attendance after the change from traditional worship services to the use of technology and online church. The data used in this study is secondary data that was found through desk research and reliable sources. The research findings indicate big effects on all parts of society and r...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2fc24c04c3199396839ac20b52bf8ee" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104759251,"asset_id":105254036,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104759251/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105254036"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105254036"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105254036; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105254035"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105254035/Penyuluhan_Hukum_Menuju_Destinasi_Wisata_Internasional_Bebas_Narkoba_di_Balige_Kabupaten_Toba_Sumatera_Utara"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Penyuluhan Hukum Menuju Destinasi Wisata Internasional Bebas Narkoba di Balige, Kabupaten Toba, Sumatera Utara" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104759248/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105254035/Penyuluhan_Hukum_Menuju_Destinasi_Wisata_Internasional_Bebas_Narkoba_di_Balige_Kabupaten_Toba_Sumatera_Utara">Penyuluhan Hukum Menuju Destinasi Wisata Internasional Bebas Narkoba di Balige, Kabupaten Toba, Sumatera Utara</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Narkoba tidak terlepas dari daerah wisata internasional sehingga berkontribusi terhadap kejahatan...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Narkoba tidak terlepas dari daerah wisata internasional sehingga berkontribusi terhadap kejahatan lokal, kemiskinan dan ketidaksetaraan sosial di komunitas setempat. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat Kabupaten Toba, Sumatera Utara sebagai salah satu destinasi wisata internasional tentang narkoba dan akibatnya bagi masyarakat setempat, penyuluhan hukum narkoba dilakukan dengan metode partisipatif, menyampaikan materi yang berhubungan dengan narkoba dan diikuti dengan seri tanya-jawab. Pengetahuan peserta tentang narkoba meningkat baik dari sisi promotif maupun preventif. Penyuluhan hukum destinasi wisata internasional bebas narkoba meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat Kabupaten Toba baik promotif maupun preventif. Disarankan agar perangkat desa, Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Anti Narkoba dan Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Toba tetap mengedukasi masyarakat tentang anti narkoba sehingga Kabupaten Toba terwujud menjadi destinasi wisata internasional bebas narkoba</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c3a20c30f32a929b1195188108d6f19f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104759248,"asset_id":105254035,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104759248/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105254035"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105254035"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105254035; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101968383"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968383/Exploring_human_rights_violations_in_post_new_era_Indonesia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Exploring human rights violations in post new era Indonesia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102408354/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968383/Exploring_human_rights_violations_in_post_new_era_Indonesia">Exploring human rights violations in post new era Indonesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Economics, Law and Politics</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although human rights have been officially recognized in Indonesia, human rights violations have ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although human rights have been officially recognized in Indonesia, human rights violations have persisted since Suharto&#39;s authoritarian regime. The purpose of this article is to examine why human rights violations that have occurred in Indonesia since the New Order era, when the Suharto regime was in power, but have yet to be resolved. With a human rights perspective, the author employs qualitative research methods in conjunction with secondary data from credible sources. Human rights violations committed during the New Order regime went unpunished, and impunity reigned. To this day, there are challenges to impunity for human rights violations in Indonesia, where the government does not have good faith to fulfil the rights of victims of human rights violations, and civil society organizations both on the national and international levels are powerless to support the resolution of these human rights violations. This situation will have an impact on Indonesia&#39;s international ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="80728f7e3ccfe99166e8da4e441f86c4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102408354,"asset_id":101968383,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102408354/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101968383"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101968383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101968383; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101968382"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968382/A_Human_Rights_Based_Critical_Discourse_on_the_Abolition_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Human Rights-Based Critical Discourse on the Abolition of Child Sexual Abuse" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968382/A_Human_Rights_Based_Critical_Discourse_on_the_Abolition_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse">A Human Rights-Based Critical Discourse on the Abolition of Child Sexual Abuse</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science Research Network</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101968382"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101968382"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101968382; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101968382]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101968382,"title":"A Human Rights-Based Critical Discourse on the Abolition of Child Sexual Abuse","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101968382/A_Human_Rights_Based_Critical_Discourse_on_the_Abolition_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse","owner_id":4891400,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":4891400,"first_name":"Manotar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tampubolon","page_name":"ManotarTampubolon","domain_name":"wwwuki","created_at":"2013-07-18T19:04:14.810-07:00","display_name":"Manotar Tampubolon","url":"https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101968371"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968371/Perlindungan_Hukum_Terhadap_Perempuan_Dalam_Masalah_Penegakan_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Pada_Kasus_Pidana"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Dalam Masalah Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia Pada Kasus Pidana" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102360832/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101968371/Perlindungan_Hukum_Terhadap_Perempuan_Dalam_Masalah_Penegakan_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Pada_Kasus_Pidana">Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Dalam Masalah Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia Pada Kasus Pidana</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Jurnal Darma Agung</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap perempuan dalam masa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap perempuan dalam masalah penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) pada kasus pidana. Diskriminasi yang dialami perempuan pada kasus pidana menjadi perhatian penting dalam masalah penegakan HAM. Bentuk perlakuan yang tidak manusia dan merendahkan harkat dan martabat manusia yaitu kekerasan verbal termasuk didalamnya pelecehan seksual dan kekerasan fisik. Bentuk dari penyiksaan tersebut dengan memanfaatkan organ seksualitas dan reproduksi perempuan berupa penelanjangan dan pemerkosaan. Perempuan yang berhadapan dengan kasus pidana masih mengalami kekerasan serta direnggut harkat dan martabatnya sebagai manusia yang dilakukan justru oleh Aparat Penegak Hukum (APH). Negara harus melindunginya melalui kebijakan hukum yang ketat untuk melindungi hak-hak perempuan dalam perspektif hukum emansipatif. Untuk keberhasilan perlindungan hukum terhadap perempuan ini tentunya harus didukung oleh semua pihakDari penjelasan tersebu...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8a1dc1bd6000c54f604a88b778b01795" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102360832,"asset_id":101968371,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102360832/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101968371"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101968371"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101968371; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98427916"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98427916/Judicial_breakfast_as_an_external_factor_in_judicial_decision_making_in_courts"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Judicial breakfast as an external factor in judicial decision making in courts" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99781902/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98427916/Judicial_breakfast_as_an_external_factor_in_judicial_decision_making_in_courts">Judicial breakfast as an external factor in judicial decision making in courts</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>F1000Research</span><span>, Jan 4, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The objective of this article is to establish whether the judges depend on relevant facts, judici...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The objective of this article is to establish whether the judges depend on relevant facts, judicial rules, and the law when making their judgments or they use extraneous factors such as what a judge eats, personal ideology, beliefs, or the cultural and political environment. The discourse between the two sides is incomplete without exploring the grand theories: formalism and realism. The antimony between the two theories resulted in theoretical analysis and empirical research. The realism challenged the existing logical reasoning and legal rules that judges use in making their judgment as they contend that judges applying rules and law in their decision-making process are irrational and mechanical. Formalism insists on using the judicial rules and the law in making decisions as opposed to extraneous factors, which realists contend should be the basis for decision making with laws and rules only to support the findings. The continental legal theory holds that legal realism is a hard-nosed, down-to-earth, and practical school of thought that is opposed to mechanical and scientific theories. The scholarly analysis of the judicial decision-making process brings into focus the conduct of judicial officers and whether they base their reasoning on extrajudicial issues. However, the discussion should avoid denigrating into an attack on the personality of judges as it undermines the rule of law.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="678550794c0647281349ffa9e07e8426" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99781902,"asset_id":98427916,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99781902/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98427916"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98427916"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98427916; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91252731"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91252731/ASEAN_Collective_Responsibility_in_Upholding_Sovereignty_in_South_China_Sea_Exclusive_Economic_Zone"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ASEAN Collective Responsibility in Upholding Sovereignty in South China Sea Exclusive Economic Zone" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94592315/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91252731/ASEAN_Collective_Responsibility_in_Upholding_Sovereignty_in_South_China_Sea_Exclusive_Economic_Zone">ASEAN Collective Responsibility in Upholding Sovereignty in South China Sea Exclusive Economic Zone</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Economics, Law and Politics</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of this article is to explain the urgencies of ASEAN Regional Cooperation in upholdin...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of this article is to explain the urgencies of ASEAN Regional Cooperation in upholding the South China Sea Exclusive Economic Zone. Furthermore, this article also explains how such regional cooperation can effectively be applied by ASEAN according to international law rules and principles. This article is legal research based on the theoretical framework by gathering legal scholars&#39; opinions and normative framework by gathering related articles in international treaties. By applying these frameworks, the authors gathered the data for this article through secondary data collection in a form of primary sources, secondary sources, and tertiary sources. In discussing the urgency of the article herein, the authors found out that ASEAN as an international organization consisting of sovereign states shall exercise its primary obligations under UNCLOS 1982 and ASEAN Charter in a good faith, ASEAN shall exercise its sovereign rights on the South China Sea EEZ according to the...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="804c43d675d3868074d527823cd58fe4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94592315,"asset_id":91252731,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94592315/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91252731"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91252731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91252731; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="87932983"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/87932983/Stigmatization_of_Former_Corruption_Convicts_in_Indonesian_Parliament_Elections"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Stigmatization of Former Corruption Convicts in Indonesian Parliament Elections" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/87932983/Stigmatization_of_Former_Corruption_Convicts_in_Indonesian_Parliament_Elections">Stigmatization of Former Corruption Convicts in Indonesian Parliament Elections</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article examines the social stigma of defunct corruption convicted criminals in Indonesia&#3...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article examines the social stigma of defunct corruption convicted criminals in Indonesia&#39;s parliament elections using the stigma concept and human rights. This research is a socio-legal cogitate which disfigures the challenges of the electoral social stigma of peoples&#39; political freedoms whenever one wants to pursue just after elections and be appointed through lawful means. Every Indonesian citizen may cast a ballot and be selected, which is granted and protected by the law. However, in most cases, such sheltered rights are limited once former prisoners from Indonesia run for positions in the council or legislature. The primary squeezing address is why the state should restrict prior devaluation of prisoners&#39; capacity to run for parliamentary office whereas ensuring that each citizen&#39;s political rights are fully protected within the framework. The explanation for this may be that the national legislature is among the most fraudulent institutions in the country...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="87932983"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="87932983"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 87932983; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=87932983]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=87932983]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 87932983; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='87932983']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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PSBB resulted in a prolonged human rights crisis due to ineffective policies, manipulated data, and inadequate medical equipment. The author discusses the impact of Large-Scale Social Restrictions on socioeconomic and socio-political rights and the government's failure to overcome the Covid-19 outbreak with an interdisciplinary perspective. Findings from studies on the number of Covid-19 cases contracted and the high mortality rate are also presented. This study notes the consequences and the relationship between the ineffectiveness of Large-Scale Social Restrictions and human misery.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9405f59a71a237a9717565b0022c72c5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68346839,"asset_id":50314120,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68346839/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50314120"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50314120"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50314120; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="50314215"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/50314215/Impoverishment_of_the_Poor_and_Derogation_of_Human_Rights_During_the_Covid_19_Pandemic_in_Indonesia_Testing_the_Emergency_Measure_and_Siracusa_Principles_in_Large_Scale_Social_Restriction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Impoverishment of the Poor and Derogation of Human Rights During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: Testing the Emergency Measure and Siracusa Principles in Large-Scale Social Restriction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68346903/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/50314215/Impoverishment_of_the_Poor_and_Derogation_of_Human_Rights_During_the_Covid_19_Pandemic_in_Indonesia_Testing_the_Emergency_Measure_and_Siracusa_Principles_in_Large_Scale_Social_Restriction">Impoverishment of the Poor and Derogation of Human Rights During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: Testing the Emergency Measure and Siracusa Principles in Large-Scale Social Restriction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Human Rights and Social Work </span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examines human rights restrictions in the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (or PSBB) du...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examines human rights restrictions in the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (or PSBB) during the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia that do not follow the Siracusa Principles emergency measure and limitation clause. PSBB resulted in a prolonged human rights crisis due to ineffective policies, manipulated data, and inadequate medical equipment. The author discusses the impact of Large-Scale Social Restrictions on socioeconomic and socio-political rights and the government's failure to overcome the Covid-19 outbreak with an interdisciplinary perspective. Findings from studies on the number of Covid-19 cases contracted and the high mortality rate are also presented. This study notes the consequences and the relationship between the ineffectiveness of Large-Scale Social Restrictions and human misery.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a4a77239754ef8ebc3f3a0df6af6f314" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68346903,"asset_id":50314215,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68346903/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50314215"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50314215"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50314215; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38305064"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38305064/LIMITATION_OF_RELIGIOUS_FREEDOM_OF_THE_PARMALIM_INDIGENOUS_RELIGION_IN_INDONESIA_A_SOCIOLEGAL_PERSPECTIVE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LIMITATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM OF THE PARMALIM INDIGENOUS RELIGION IN INDONESIA: A SOCIOLEGAL PERSPECTIVE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58353183/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38305064/LIMITATION_OF_RELIGIOUS_FREEDOM_OF_THE_PARMALIM_INDIGENOUS_RELIGION_IN_INDONESIA_A_SOCIOLEGAL_PERSPECTIVE">LIMITATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM OF THE PARMALIM INDIGENOUS RELIGION IN INDONESIA: A SOCIOLEGAL PERSPECTIVE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/HadjeCresencioSadje">Hadje Cresencio Sadje</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon">Manotar Tampubolon</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Regardless of the controversy about restrictions on religious freedom of the “major world’s reli...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Regardless of the controversy about restrictions on religious freedom of the “major world’s religions” (Smart, 1998), violations of the freedom of religion and belief occurs around the world. In Indonesia, for instance, the Human Rights Watch report (HRW, 2017) shows that President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo’s government fails to protect the rights of some Indonesian’s most vulnerable people, particularly religious minorities that continues to face harassment, intimidation from government authorities, and threats of violence from militant Islamists.  <br />This research aims to explore the violations of religious freedom of the Parmalim in Indonesia. According to Hasse (2011), Parmalim group is one of unrecognized indigenous religions that have been exists before the advent of imported world’s religions (Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Islam) in Indonesia (Hasse, et. al, 2011, MC Daniel, 2017). Due to the discriminatory treatment from the state, few studies have been conducted.  Presently, discrimination against the Parmalim continues andhas prevents them from enjoying full citizen rights, including basic rights such as citizenship, birth certificates, identity cards, and family cards. As a result, it is difficult for them to get access to many things such as access to education, health, and employment. Moreover, the Parmalim  is  not recognized by the state as one of the official religions in Indonesia.  As a consequance, it is difficult for the adherents to get a position in the government because it is considered tobe atheist. Also, they are lack of access to legal identity; loss of legal, civil, economic and loss of living space for development.<br />Granting the right to religious freedom in the Indonesian Constitution, and has been reinforced with the ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1948 that specifically mentioned the importance of freedom of religion in terms of religious minorities. However, the realization of this right is different from the setting. The factual situation of religious freedom of the Parmalim in Indonesia are really alarming. These rights are under threat. The government’s failure to conduct a proper investigation on this matter has drawn attention to broader concerns about the lack of respect for basic rights (Roger, 2014). The main problem lies in the legal systems itself, including interpretation of freedom and the government's attitude in addressing acts of discrimination and religionization of indigenous religions caused the position of the Parmalim in religious life is getting increasingly discriminated.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="58cc788040d1bd9363eb105675500368" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58353183,"asset_id":38305064,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58353183/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38305064"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38305064"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38305064; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10796096" id="conferencepresentations"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44558943"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44558943/The_Migration_Conference_2020_Proceedings_Migration_and_Politics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Migration Conference 2020 Proceedings Migration and Politics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65011435/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44558943/The_Migration_Conference_2020_Proceedings_Migration_and_Politics">The Migration Conference 2020 Proceedings Migration and Politics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transnational Press London</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1adc324afddee56d5cb528bd1c4b2f9c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65011435,"asset_id":44558943,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65011435/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44558943"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44558943"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44558943; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="11647532" id="peerreviewedarticles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="51341529"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/51341529/The_Ugamo_Malim_Minority_Group_and_Their_Legal_and_Human_Rights_Challenges_in_Indonesia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Ugamo Malim Minority Group and Their Legal and Human Rights Challenges in Indonesia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/69104189/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/51341529/The_Ugamo_Malim_Minority_Group_and_Their_Legal_and_Human_Rights_Challenges_in_Indonesia">The Ugamo Malim Minority Group and Their Legal and Human Rights Challenges in Indonesia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/HadjeCresencioSadje">Hadje Cresencio Sadje</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://wwwuki.academia.edu/ManotarTampubolon">Manotar Tampubolon</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Ugamo Malim is one of the religious minorities in Indonesia. Although most Batak people today...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Ugamo Malim is one of the religious minorities in Indonesia. Although most Batak people today are adherents of Christianity and Islam, certain Batak people sought to maintain their own religious beliefs and practices. However, most Batak people have abandoned it and converted to the imported religions such as Christian and Islam. Accordingly, Ugamo Malim rejected the western notion of God; they prefer the term "spirits" or "divinities" (Mula Jadi Nabolon). Due to the Indonesian state legal definition and category of religion, Ugamo Malim loses the opportunity to gain legal status, identity, and recognition, including their employment opportunities in public offices. For example, the No. 1 PNPS 1965 on Blasphemy Law includes the Ugamo Malim as an unofficial religious group, except Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Although Indonesia's legal framework guarantees freedom of religion and belief, however, these fundamental rights do not guarantee the right of Ugamo Malim. Therefore, many minority groups, like Ugamo Malim, suffered from various forms of discrimination by the State of Indonesia. 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