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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1871_and_1888_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1871_and_1888_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1871 and 1888 editions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1871_and_1888_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Early campaigns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mille's_arrival_and_rise_in_popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mille's_arrival_and_rise_in_popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Mille's arrival and rise in popularity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mille's_arrival_and_rise_in_popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_cultural_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_cultural_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Early cultural ventures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_cultural_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_advocacies_and_1907_Revolt_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_advocacies_and_1907_Revolt_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5 New advocacies and 1907 Revolt coverage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_advocacies_and_1907_Revolt_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_1910s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_1910s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.6 Early 1910s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_1910s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.7 World War I </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1919_edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1919_edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1919 edition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1919_edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_interwar_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_interwar_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Early interwar years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_interwar_years-sublist" 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href="#Târgu_Mureș_conflict_and_1990_Mineriad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Târgu Mureș conflict and 1990 Mineriad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Târgu_Mureș_conflict_and_1990_Mineriad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_privatization_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_privatization_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 The privatization years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_privatization_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_1990s_emancipation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_1990s_emancipation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.4 Late 1990s emancipation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_1990s_emancipation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changes_in_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_in_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.5 Changes in management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_in_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-2000_editorial_policy_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-2000_editorial_policy_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.6 Post-2000 editorial policy and controversies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-2000_editorial_policy_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.7 2011 crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Notes </div> </a> <ul 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.logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-newspaper"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Adevărul</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Adev%C4%83rul_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Adev%C4%83rul_logo.svg/218px-Adev%C4%83rul_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="218" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Adev%C4%83rul_logo.svg/327px-Adev%C4%83rul_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Adev%C4%83rul_logo.svg/435px-Adev%C4%83rul_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="40" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daily_newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily newspaper">Daily newspaper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">Compact</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Adevarul Holding</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor-in-chief</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Andreea Traicu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Adev%C4%83rul_Holding" title="Adevărul Holding">Adevărul Holding</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Staff writers</th><td class="infobox-data">18<a href="#cite_note-adevredac-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1871 (reestablished 1888, 1919, 1946, 1989)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">21 Fabrica de Glucoză Street, <a href="/wiki/Sector_2_(Bucharest)" title="Sector 2 (Bucharest)">Sector 2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Romania</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1016-7587">1016-7587</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/">adevarul.ro</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426356#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.4em; border-top: 1px solid #aaa"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Romania">Media of Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Romania" title="List of newspapers in Romania">List of newspapers</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Adevărul (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Romanian pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[adeˈvərul]</a>; meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled Adevĕrul) is a Romanian <a href="/wiki/Daily_newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily newspaper">daily newspaper</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. Founded in <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a>, in 1871, and reestablished in 1888, in Bucharest, it was the main <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> press venue to be published during the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romanian Kingdom</a>'s existence, adopting an independent pro-<a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> position, advocating <a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Romania" title="Land reform in Romania">land reform</a>, and demanding <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>. Under its successive editors <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_Beldiman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Beldiman (page does not exist)">Alexandru Beldiman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Mille" title="Constantin Mille">Constantin Mille</a>, it became noted for its virulent criticism of <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a>. This stance developed into a <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> agenda, which made Adevărul clash with the Kingdom's authorities on several occasions. As innovative publications which set up several local and international records during the early 20th century, Adevărul and its sister daily <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diminea%C8%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimineața (page does not exist)">Dimineața</a> competed for the top position with the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Universul" title="Universul">Universul</a> before and throughout the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>. In 1920, Adevărul also began publishing its prestigious cultural supplement, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul_Literar_%C8%99i_Artistic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adevărul Literar și Artistic (page does not exist)">Adevărul Literar și Artistic</a>. By the 1930s, their <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Jewish</a> ethnicity of their new owners made Adevărul and Dimineața the targets of negative campaigns in the <a href="/wiki/Far_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far right">far right</a> press, and the <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a> cabinet banned both upon obtaining power in 1937. Adevărul was revived by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbu_Br%C4%83ni%C8%99teanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbu Brănișteanu (page does not exist)">Barbu Brănișteanu</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, but was targeted by <a href="/wiki/Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Romania">Communist Romania</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Communist_Romania" title="Censorship in Communist Romania">censorship apparatus</a> and again closed down in 1951. A newspaper of the same name was set up in 1989, just days after the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution of 1989">Romanian Revolution</a>, replacing <a href="/wiki/Sc%C3%AEnteia" title="Scînteia">Scînteia</a>, organ of the defunct <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a>. Initially a supporter of the dominant <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a>, it adopted a controversial position, being much criticized for producing <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a> and radical <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> messages and for supporting the violent <a href="/wiki/Mineriad" title="Mineriad">Mineriad</a> of 1990. Under editors <a href="/wiki/Dumitru_Tinu" title="Dumitru Tinu">Dumitru Tinu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cristian_Tudor_Popescu" title="Cristian Tudor Popescu">Cristian Tudor Popescu</a>, when it reasserted its independence as a <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> venue and was fully <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatized</a>, Adevărul became one of the most popular and trusted press venues. Nevertheless, it remained involved in scandals over alleged or confirmed political and commercial dealings, culminating in a 2005 conflict which saw the departure of Popescu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bogdan_Chireac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bogdan Chireac (page does not exist)">Bogdan Chireac</a> and other panelists and the creation of rival newspaper <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndul" title="Gândul">Gândul</a>. As of 2006, Adevărul had been the property of <a href="/wiki/Dinu_Patriciu" title="Dinu Patriciu">Dinu Patriciu</a>, a prominent Romanian businessman and politician. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ownership,_editorial_team_and_structure">Ownership, editorial team and structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ownership, editorial team and structure">edit</a>]</div> Adevărul is the main <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> of <a href="/wiki/Adev%C4%83rul_Holding" title="Adevărul Holding">Adevărul Holding</a>, a company owned by Cristian Burci. The main newspaper itself is edited by editor-in-chief <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Marinescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Marinescu (page does not exist)">Dan Marinescu</a> and several deputy editors (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Liviu_Avram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liviu Avram (page does not exist)">Liviu Avram</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adina_Stan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adina Stan (page does not exist)">Adina Stan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrei_Velea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrei Velea (page does not exist)">Andrei Velea</a> and others).<a href="#cite_note-adevredac-1">[1]</a> Also part of the holding are the cultural magazines <a href="/wiki/Dilema_Veche" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilema Veche">Dilema Veche</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_(Romanian_magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia (Romanian magazine) (page does not exist)">Historia</a> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" class="extiw" title="ro:Historia">ro</a>], the <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Click!_(Romanian_tabloid)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Click! (Romanian tabloid) (page does not exist)">Click!</a>, the magazines <a href="/w/index.php?title=Click!_pentru_femei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Click! pentru femei (page does not exist)">Click! pentru femei</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Click!_S%C4%83n%C4%83tate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Click! Sănătate (page does not exist)">Click! Sănătate</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Click!_Poft%C4%83_bun%C4%83!&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Click! Poftă bună! (page does not exist)">Click! Poftă bună!</a> and <a href="/wiki/OK!" title="OK!">OK! Magazine</a>. In December 2010, Adevărul Holding also launched a sister version of its title asset, published in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> as <a href="/wiki/Adev%C4%83rul_Moldova" title="Adevărul Moldova">Adevărul Moldova</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The Romanian newspaper had special pages of regional content, one each for <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, the western areas of <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana" title="Crișana">Crișana</a>, and the southern areas of <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Dobruja" title="Northern Dobruja">Northern Dobruja</a>. It also hosts columns about the larger sections of <a href="/wiki/Romanian_diaspora" title="Romanian diaspora">Romanian diaspora</a> in Europe, those in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. Adevărul publishes several supplements. In addition to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul_Literar_%C8%99i_Artistic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adevărul Literar și Artistic (page does not exist)">Adevărul Literar și Artistic</a> (formerly a separate magazine, now issued as a culture supplement which is issued on Wednesdays), it publishes five others: on Mondays, the sports magazine Antifotbal ("Anti-<a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>"), which focuses on the traditionally less-covered areas of the <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Romania" title="Sport in Romania">Romanian sports scene</a>; on Tuesdays, Adevărul Expert Imobiliar ("<a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">Real Estate</a> Expert"); on Thursdays, Adevărul Sănătate ("Health"), a health and lifestyle magazine; on Fridays, a <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_programming" title="Broadcast programming">TV guide</a>, Adevărul Ghid TV, followed on Sundays by the entertainment section Magazin de Duminică ("Sunday Magazine"). In October 2008, Adevărul also launched Adevărul de Seară ("Evening Adevărul"), a <a href="/wiki/Free_daily_newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Free daily newspaper">free daily newspaper</a> and evening edition, which was closed down in May 2011.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> As of 2008, the newspaper publishes Colecția Adevărul, a collection of classic and popular works in world and <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Romania">Romanian literature</a>. These are issued as additional supplements, and sold as such with the newspaper's Thursday editions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1871_and_1888_editions">1871 and 1888 editions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1871 and 1888 editions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Origins">Origins</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adevarul_15-December-1871.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Adevarul_15-December-1871.jpg/260px-Adevarul_15-December-1871.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Adevarul_15-December-1871.jpg/390px-Adevarul_15-December-1871.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Adevarul_15-December-1871.jpg/520px-Adevarul_15-December-1871.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>The Adeverulu published in Iași (front page of the first issue in the 1871 series).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adevarulnr1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Adevarulnr1.jpg/260px-Adevarulnr1.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Adevarulnr1.jpg/390px-Adevarulnr1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Adevarulnr1.jpg/520px-Adevarulnr1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>First version of the Adevĕrul logo (front page of the first issue in the 1888 series). A similar version was used in the early 1990s (Adevărul, in light blue, with identical typeface).</figcaption></figure> A newspaper by the name Adevĕrulŭ (pronounced the same as Adevărul, but following versions of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">Romanian alphabet</a> which emphasized <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a>, in this case from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <a href="/wiki/Veritas" title="Veritas">veritas</a>) was founded on December 15, 1871.<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a> The weekly was owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_Beldiman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Beldiman (page does not exist)">Alexandru Beldiman</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Police" title="Romanian Police">Police</a> commander, and published in <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a>, the former capital of <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>. Beldiman directed the newspaper in opposition to Romania's new <a href="/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor">Domnitor</a>, the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> prince <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol of Hohenzollern</a>, calling for the restoration of his deposed and exiled predecessor, the Moldavian-born <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a> Its articles against the new monarch soon after resulted in Beldiman's indictment for <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a> and attack on the <a href="/wiki/1866_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1866 Constitution of Romania">1866 Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a> He was eventually <a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">acquitted</a>, but the journal ceased publication with its 13th issue (April 1872).<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a> Adevărul reemerged as a daily on August 15, 1888, seven years after the proclamation of a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romanian Kingdom</a>. It was then known as Adevĕrul, which also reflected the veritas origin, and the ĕ, although obsolete by the early 20th century, was kept as a distinctive sign by all the paper's owners until 1951.<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a> Initially financed by a printer, who agreed to advance it a short-term credit,<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> the new gazette was co-founded by Alexandru Beldiman and <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Al._Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Al. Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Al. Ioan</a>, the son of former Domnitor Cuza, and was again noted for its radical and often irreverent critique of newly crowned <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> Carol and the "foreign dynasty".<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftbucuresti-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> The small editorial team included writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigore_Ventura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigore Ventura (page does not exist)">Grigore Ventura</a> and his son Constantin, as well as, after a while, political columnist I. Hussar.<a href="#cite_note-ftbucuresti-7">[7]</a> In December 1888, it changed its format, from a No. 6 to a No. 10 in <a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">paper size</a>, while abandoning the initial, calligraphed logo, in favor of a standard <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">serif</a> which it used until 1951.<a href="#cite_note-ftbucuresti-7">[7]</a> Beldiman's hostility to the monarchy was reflected in one of the 15 objectives set by the second series' first issue, whereby Adevărul called for an <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective monarchy</a> with magistratures reserved for locals,<a href="#cite_note-ftbucuresti-7">[7]</a> and evident in having chosen for the paper's <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a> a quote from poet <a href="/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri">Vasile Alecsandri</a>, which read: Să te feresci, Române!, de cuiŭ strein în casă ("Romanians, beware of foreign nails in your house", an allusion to Carol's German origin).<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftbucuresti-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The journalists called Carol's accession to the throne by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_plebiscite,_1866&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian plebiscite, 1866 (page does not exist)">1866 plebiscite</a> "an undignified comedy",<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> refused to <a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">capitalize</a> references to M. S. Regele ("H[is] M[ajesty] the King"),<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a> and referred to May 10, the national celebration of the Kingdom, as a "<a href="/wiki/National_day_of_mourning" title="National day of mourning">national day of mourning</a>".<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftderanj-10">[10]</a> In December 1888, they also published a list of Carol's alleged attacks on Romanian dignity.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> According to one account, after the newspaper's first May 10 issue came out in 1889, Police forces bought copies which they later set on fire.<a href="#cite_note-ftderanj-10">[10]</a> Reportedly, its circulation peaked on May 10 of each year, from some 5,000 to some 25,000 or 30,000 copies.<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> Adevărul also debated with the German newspapers <a href="/wiki/Norddeutsche_Allgemeine_Zeitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung">Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6lnische_Zeitung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kölnische Zeitung (page does not exist)">Kölnische Zeitung</a>, who worried that Romania's anti-dynasticists plotted Carol's murder, assuring them that the actual battle was political, "in broad daylight, on the wide path of public opinion."<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> In 1891, the paper called for boycotting Carol's 25th anniversary on the throne.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_campaigns">Early campaigns</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early campaigns">edit</a>]</div> Located in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, the new Adevărul had its original headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Calea_Victoriei" title="Calea Victoriei">Calea Victoriei</a> (Doamnei Street, Nouă Street, Brătianu Boulevard, and Enei Street).<a href="#cite_note-ftbucuresti-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a> It later moved to a building near the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">National Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pasajul_Macca-Vilacrosse" title="Pasajul Macca-Vilacrosse">Vilacrosse Passage</a>, where it occupied just several rooms (leading its staff to repeatedly complain about the lack of space).<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftviata-14">[14]</a> A serious crisis occurred during 1892, when, having omitted to register his <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a>, Beldiman was confronted with the appearance of a competing Adevărul, published by his former associate Toma Basilescu, who had been the original gazette's administrator for the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-ftderanj-10">[10]</a> In June 1892, an <a href="/wiki/Arbitral_tribunal" title="Arbitral tribunal">arbitral tribunal</a> decided in favor of Beldiman, ordering Basilescu to close down his paper.<a href="#cite_note-ftderanj-10">[10]</a> With time, the newspaper had moved from advocating King Carol's replacement with a local ruler to supporting <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> In 1893, as part of its extended campaign, during which it gathered letters of protest from its readers, Adevărul obtained the cancellation of plans for a public subscription to celebrate the engagement of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Crown Prince Ferdinand</a> to <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Romania" title="Marie of Romania">Marie of Edinburgh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> In addition, Adevărul began militating for a number of major social and political causes, which it perceived as essential to <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>. In its 15 points of 1888, it notably demanded <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> to replace the <a href="/wiki/Census_suffrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Census suffrage">census method</a> enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/1866_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1866 Constitution of Romania">1866 Constitution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameralism</a> through a disestablishment of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Romania" title="Land reform in Romania">land reform</a> to replace <a href="/wiki/Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">leasehold estates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">self-governance</a> at a local level, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive taxation</a>, Sunday rest for employees, universal <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> instead of a permanent <a href="/wiki/Under_arms" title="Under arms">under arms</a> force, <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Emancipation" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Emancipation">emancipation</a> for <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian Jews</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftbucuresti-7">[7]</a> It embraced the cause of <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> living outside the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Old_Kingdom" title="Romanian Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a>, particularly those in <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a>-ruled <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ftbucuresti-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> while calling for Romania to separate itself from its commitment to the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Alliance_(1882)" title="Triple Alliance (1882)">Triple Alliance</a>, and advocating a <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Federation" title="Balkan Federation">Balkan Federation</a> to include Romania.<a href="#cite_note-ftbucuresti-7">[7]</a> Adevărul also took an active interest in the problems facing Romania's rural population: while calling for a land reform, it expressed condemnation of the failing sanitary system, which it blamed for the frequency of countryside epidemics, and for the administrative system, which it accused of <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">corruption</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> It depicted revolt as legitimate, and campaigned in favor of <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> for prisoners taken after the 1888 peasant riots.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> The paper supported <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">educational reforms</a> in the countryside, calling attention to the specific issues faced by rural teachers, but also campaigned against their use of <a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">corporal punishment</a> as a method of maintaining <a href="/wiki/School_discipline" title="School discipline">school discipline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> In similar vein, Adevărul focused on cases of abuse within the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces" title="Romanian Land Forces">Romanian Army</a>, documenting cases where soldiers were being illegally used as <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured servant">indentured servants</a>, noting the unsanitary conditions which accounted for an unusually high rate of severe <a href="/wiki/Conjunctivitis" title="Conjunctivitis">conjunctivitis</a>, and condemning officers for regularly beating their subordinates.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> As part of the latter campaign, it focused on Crown Prince Ferdinand, who was tasked with instructing a <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a> and is said to have slapped a soldier for not performing the proper moves.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> Adevărul investigated numerous other excesses of authority, and on several occasions formed special investigative commissions of reporters who followed suspicions of judicial error.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> It also spoke out in favor of Jewish emancipation, while theorizing a difference between the minority "exploiting Jews" and an <a href="/wiki/Assimilated_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilated Jews">assimilable</a> Jewish majority.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> Under Beldiman, the newspaper took pride in stating its independence, by taking distance from the <a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">two dominant parties</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Romania,_1880%E2%80%931918)" title="Conservative Party (Romania, 1880–1918)">Conservatives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania,_1875)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)">National Liberal Party</a>, who either supported or tolerated King Carol.<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a> This stance reputedly earned the publication an unusual status: anecdotes have it that Conservative leader <a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a> would only read Adevărul while in the opposition, and that its columnist Albert Honigman was the first and for long time only journalist allowed into the <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper class</a> society at <a href="/wiki/Casa_Cap%C8%99a" title="Casa Capșa">Casa Capșa</a> restaurant.<a href="#cite_note-ftviata-14">[14]</a> In February 1889, the Conservative <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Rosetti" title="Theodor Rosetti">Theodor Rosetti</a> reputedly tried to silence Adevărul by having its distributors arrested.<a href="#cite_note-ftderanj-10">[10]</a> In 1892, Adevărul became the first local newspaper to feature a cartoonist section, which hosted caricatures of the period's potentates, and its rebelliousness allegedly frightened the Romanian <a href="/wiki/Zincography" title="Zincography">zincographers</a> to the point where the plates had to be created abroad.<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> In April 1893, the Catargiu cabinet organized a clampdown on the newspaper: it arrested its editor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Dioghenide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Dioghenide (page does not exist)">Eduard Dioghenide</a> (who was sentenced to a year in prison on charges of <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a>) and, profiting from the non-emancipated status of Romanian Jews, it expelled its Jewish contributors I. Hussar and Carol Schulder.<a href="#cite_note-ftderanj-10">[10]</a> Another incident occurred during May of the following year, when the paper's headquarters were attacked by rioting <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">University of Bucharest</a> students, who were reportedly outraged by an article critical of their behavior, but also believed to have been instigated by the Conservative executive's <a href="/wiki/Jandarmeria_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Jandarmeria Română">Gendarmerie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftderanj-10">[10]</a> In parallel, Adevărul took steps to establishing its reputation as a <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">newspaper of record</a>. A local first was established in June 1894, when Adevărul hosted the first foreign correspondence article received by a Romanian periodical: a telegram sent by the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> newspaperman <a href="/wiki/Victor_Jaclard" title="Victor Jaclard">Victor Jaclard</a>, discussing the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(statesman)" title="Sadi Carnot (statesman)">Sadi Carnot</a> and the accession of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Jean Casimir-Perier</a> to the office of <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> Adevărul also broke ground by publishing a plate portrait of Casimir-Perier only a day after his rise to prominence.<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> Early on, the newspaper also had a cultural agenda, striving to promote <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Romania">Romanian literature</a> for the general public and following a method outlined by a 1913 article: "In his free time [...], the reader, having satisfied his curiosity about the daily events, finds entertainment for the soul in the newspaper's literary column. People who would not spend a dime on literary works, will nevertheless read literature once this is made available to them, in a newspaper they bought for the information it provides."<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> Initially, Adevărul dedicated its Sunday issue to literary contributions, receiving such pieces from <a href="/wiki/George_Co%C8%99buc" title="George Coșbuc">George Coșbuc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haralamb_Lecca" title="Haralamb Lecca">Haralamb Lecca</a>, Ioan N. Roman, and the adolescent poet <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Octavian_Iosif" title="Ștefan Octavian Iosif">Ștefan Octavian Iosif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mille's_arrival_and_rise_in_popularity">Mille's arrival and rise in popularity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mille's arrival and rise in popularity">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MilleBacalbasaAdevarul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MilleBacalbasaAdevarul.jpg/260px-MilleBacalbasaAdevarul.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MilleBacalbasaAdevarul.jpg/390px-MilleBacalbasaAdevarul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MilleBacalbasaAdevarul.jpg/520px-MilleBacalbasaAdevarul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1313" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption>Adevărul editors in 1897. <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Mille" title="Constantin Mille">Constantin Mille</a> is first seated from left. Standing behind him are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Bacalba%C8%99a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Bacalbașa (page does not exist)">Ioan Bacalbașa</a> (middle) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Bacalba%C8%99a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Bacalbașa (page does not exist)">Constantin Bacalbașa</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> By 1893, the gazette's panel came to include several leading activists of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Social_Democratic_Workers%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party">Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party</a> (PSDMR), among them <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Mille" title="Constantin Mille">Constantin Mille</a> and brothers <a href="/wiki/Anton_Bacalba%C8%99a" title="Anton Bacalbașa">Anton</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Bacalba%C8%99a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Bacalbașa (page does not exist)">Ioan Bacalbașa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftviata-14">[14]</a> Mille was an innovator, seen by his contemporaries as a "father of modern Romanian journalism" (a title carved on his tombstone in <a href="/wiki/Bellu_cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellu cemetery">Bellu cemetery</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a> Although brief, Anton Bacalbașa's stay also left a distinct mark on Adevărul: in 1893, he authored what is supposedly the first interview in Romanian media history.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Working together, Mille, Beldiman, and Bacalbașa sought to coalesce the left-wing forces into a single league for universal suffrage, but Adevărul soon pulled out of the effort, accusing fellow militant <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Dobrescu-Arge%C8%99" title="Constantin Dobrescu-Argeș">Constantin Dobrescu-Argeș</a> of having embezzled the funds put at his disposal.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 1895, Mille purchased the newspaper, but, even though the Alecsandri motto was removed a short while after,<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a> Beldiman maintained editorial control until his death three years later, explaining that he was doing so in order to maintain an independent line.<a href="#cite_note-ftpovestea-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a> The purchase was received with consternation by many PSDMR members, particularly since Adevărul competed with its official platforms (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Munca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munca (page does not exist)">Munca</a> and, after 1894, <a href="/wiki/Lumea_Nou%C4%83" title="Lumea Nouă">Lumea Nouă</a>).<a href="#cite_note-100sd12-18">[18]</a> In late 1893, Adevărul was also publishing articles by an unsigned author, who may have been <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Stere" title="Constantin Stere">Constantin Stere</a> (later known as the man behind post-socialist "<a href="/wiki/Poporanism" title="Poporanism">Poporanism</a>") ridiculing Munca's <a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">elitist</a> content.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Eventually, the PSDMR expelled Mille on grounds of having betrayed socialism.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-100sd12-18">[18]</a> Allegedly upset that Beldiman had chosen Mille's offer over his own, Anton Bacalbașa quit Adevărul, becoming one of Mille's most vocal critics.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a> A third Bacalbașa, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Bacalba%C5%9Fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Bacalbaşa (page does not exist)">Constantin</a>, stayed on, and, from 1895, was Mille's first editor.<a href="#cite_note-zocapitala-20">[20]</a> He became known for his <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-colonial</a> stance, giving positive coverage to the 1896 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In 1904, the board created Adevĕrul S. A., the first in a series of <a href="/wiki/Joint_stock_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint stock company">joint stock companies</a> meant to insure its control of commercial rights.<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> In 1898, after Mille invested its profits into <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a>, Adevărul left its crowded surroundings and moved to a specially designed new building on Sărindar Street (the present-day C. Mille Street, between Calea Victoriei and the <a href="/wiki/Ci%C5%9Fmigiu_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Cişmigiu Gardens">Cișmigiu Gardens</a>). Inspired by <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a>'s palatial quarters, it was first building of such proportions in the history of Romania's print media, housing a printing press, paper storage, distribution office and mail room, as well as a library, several archives, a phone station and a <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a> Its halls were luxuriously decorated according to Mille's specifications, and adorned with <a href="/wiki/Poster" title="Poster">posters</a> by international artists such as <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfons_Mucha" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfons Mucha">Alfons Mucha</a>, and by its own occasional illustrator, <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Vermont" title="Nicolae Vermont">Nicolae Vermont</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a> Around 1900, Mille purchased a neighboring plot, the former Saint-Frères manufacturing plant, and unified both buildings under a single facade.<a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a> It was there that, after placing an order with the <a href="/wiki/Mergenthaler_Linotype_Company" title="Mergenthaler Linotype Company">Mergenthaler Company</a>, he installed the first <a href="/wiki/Linotype_machine" title="Linotype machine">Linotype machines</a> to be used locally.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a> Adevărul established itself as the most circulated paper, setting up successive records in terms of copies per issue due to Mille's favorable approach to modern printing techniques: from 10,000 in 1894, these brought the circulation to 12,000 in 1895 and 30,000 in 1907.<a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> Writing in 1898, Mille took pride in calling his newspaper "a daily encyclopedia" or "cinema" for the regular public, universally available at only 5 <a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">bani</a> per copy.<a href="#cite_note-cm1907-23">[23]</a> In 1904, making efforts to keep up with his rival <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Cazzavillan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Cazzavillan (page does not exist)">Luigi Cazzavillan</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> competitor <a href="/wiki/Universul" title="Universul">Universul</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a> Mille established a morning edition, which was emancipated under separate management in December of the same year, under the new name <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diminea%C8%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimineața (page does not exist)">Dimineața</a>. As of 1912, Dimineața was the first Romanian daily to use <a href="/wiki/Color_printing" title="Color printing">full color print</a>, with a claim to have been the world's first color newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> Beginning 1905, both gazettes ensured stable revenues by leasing their <a href="/wiki/Classified_advertising" title="Classified advertising">classified advertising</a> sections to Carol Schulder's Schulder Agency.<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_cultural_ventures">Early cultural ventures</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early cultural ventures">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:388px;max-width:388px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Stancescu,_Gaina,_var_orig.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Stancescu%2C_Gaina%2C_var_orig.PNG/200px-Stancescu%2C_Gaina%2C_var_orig.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Stancescu%2C_Gaina%2C_var_orig.PNG/300px-Stancescu%2C_Gaina%2C_var_orig.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Stancescu%2C_Gaina%2C_var_orig.PNG 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="497" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Petrescu_G%C4%83in%C4%83" title="Nicolae Petrescu Găină">Nicolae Petrescu Găină</a>'s caricature of <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._I._St%C4%83ncescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. I. Stăncescu (page does not exist)">C. I. Stăncescu</a>, original watercolor</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrescu-Gaina_-_Stancescu.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Petrescu-Gaina_-_Stancescu.PNG/180px-Petrescu-Gaina_-_Stancescu.PNG" decoding="async" width="180" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Petrescu-Gaina_-_Stancescu.PNG/270px-Petrescu-Gaina_-_Stancescu.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Petrescu-Gaina_-_Stancescu.PNG 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="488" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The same image, as republished by Adevărul</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille,_Bucharest,_Romania,_with_a_Beaux_Arts_facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_a_Beaux_Arts_facade.jpg/220px-Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_a_Beaux_Arts_facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_a_Beaux_Arts_facade.jpg/330px-Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_a_Beaux_Arts_facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_a_Beaux_Arts_facade.jpg/440px-Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_a_Beaux_Arts_facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1165" /></a><figcaption>Adevărul headquarters (1898) on Constantin Mille (then Sărindar) Street in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, designed by architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tefan_Cioc%C3%A2rlan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ștefan Ciocârlan (page does not exist)">Ștefan Ciocârlan</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Beaux_Arts_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaux Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a> facade showing slight <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> influences</figcaption></figure> In order to consecrate the newspaper's cultural ambitions, Mille became head of a literary club,<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a> while he considered creating a separate literary edition. A literary supplement (Adevĕrul Literar, "The Literary Truth") was in print between 1894 and 1896, before being replaced by Adevĕrul Ilustrat ("The Illustrated Truth") and soon after by Adevĕrul de Joi ("The Truth on Thursday"), edited by poet <a href="/wiki/Artur_Stavri" title="Artur Stavri">Artur Stavri</a>, and eventually closed down due to lack of funding in 1897.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> Although short-lived, these publications had a significant part on the cultural scene, and hosted contributions by influential, mostly left-wing, cultural figures: Stavri, Stere, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_D._Anghel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin D. Anghel (page does not exist)">Constantin D. Anghel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traian_Demetrescu" title="Traian Demetrescu">Traian Demetrescu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gorovei" title="Arthur Gorovei">Arthur Gorovei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ion_Gorun" title="Ion Gorun">Ion Gorun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henric_Sanielevici" title="Henric Sanielevici">Henric</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simion_Sanielevici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simion Sanielevici (page does not exist)">Simion Sanielevici</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> In this context, Adevărul also began receiving contributions from prominent humorist <a href="/wiki/Ion_Luca_Caragiale" title="Ion Luca Caragiale">Ion Luca Caragiale</a>—previously a conservative adversary, known for his mockery of republican <a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">sensationalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In return for the 1897 setback, the gazette began allocating space to serialized works of literature, including <a href="/wiki/Sketch_story" title="Sketch story">sketches</a> by Caragiale (most of the writings later published as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Momente_%C8%99i_schi%C8%9Be&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Momente și schițe (page does not exist)">Momente și schițe</a>), as well as <a href="/wiki/The_Count_of_Monte_Cristo" title="The Count of Monte Cristo">The Count of Monte Cristo</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas,_p%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Dumas, père">Alexandre Dumas, père</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> In later years, Adevărul experimented by publishing a different supplement each day, including one titled Litere și Arte ("Arts and Letters").<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> By the mid-1890s, Adevărul was encouraging developments in <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Romania">visual arts in Romania</a>, publishing several original posters,<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> and hosting art chronicles signed with various pseudonyms. In 1895, it covered the artistic environment's split into several competing wings: its columnist, using the pseudonym Index, gave a negative review to <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Grigorescu" title="Nicolae Grigorescu">Nicolae Grigorescu</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionists</a> or <a href="/wiki/Realism_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Realism (visual arts)">Realists</a> who together had rebelled against the official <a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">academic salon</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._I._St%C4%83ncescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. I. Stăncescu (page does not exist)">C. I. Stăncescu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The following year however, a chronicler who used the pen name Gal praised the anti-academic independents' salon, supporting its members <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Etefan_Luchian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ştefan Luchian">ștefan Luchian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Bogdan-Pite%C5%9Fti" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandru Bogdan-Piteşti">Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești</a> and Vermont (whose portraits it featured as illustrations for the texts, alongside a notorious caricature of C. I. Stăncescu by <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Petrescu-G%C4%83in%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolae Petrescu-Găină">Nicolae Petrescu-Găină</a>).<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> By 1905, Adevărul was publishing a supplement titled Viața Literară ("The Literary Life", edited by Coșbuc, Gorun and <a href="/wiki/Ilarie_Chendi" title="Ilarie Chendi">Ilarie Chendi</a>) and two other satirical periodicals, Belgia Orientului ("The Orient's <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>", named after a common sarcastic reference to the Romanian Kingdom) and Nea Ghiță ("Uncle Ghiță").<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> It also began running its own publishing house, Editura Adevĕrul, noted early on for its editions of Constantin Mille's novels, Caragiale's sketches, and <a href="/wiki/George_Panu" title="George Panu">George Panu</a>'s memoirs of his time with the literary club <a href="/wiki/Junimea" title="Junimea">Junimea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> In parallel, Mille reached out into other areas of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Romania" title="Culture of Romania">local culture</a>. Early on, he instituted a tradition of monthly festivities, paid for from his own pocket, and noted for the participation of leading figures in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theater_of_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theater of Romania (page does not exist)">Romanian theater</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Giurgea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Giurgea (page does not exist)">Maria Giurgea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Nottara" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin Nottara">Constantin Nottara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aristizza_Romanescu" title="Aristizza Romanescu">Aristizza Romanescu</a> among them).<a href="#cite_note-ftviata-14">[14]</a> Beginning 1905, the paper had for its illustrator <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Iser" title="Iosif Iser">Iosif Iser</a>, one of the major graphic artists of his generation, whose satirical drawings most often targeted Carol I and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian rulers">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a> (attacked for violently suppressing the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1905" title="Russian Revolution of 1905">1905 Revolution</a>).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> As a promotional tactic, Adevărul participated in the National Fair of 1906, where it exemplified its printing techniques while putting out a collector's version of the newspaper, titled Adevĕrul la Expoziție ("Adevĕrul at the Exhibit").<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_advocacies_and_1907_Revolt_coverage">New advocacies and 1907 Revolt coverage</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: New advocacies and 1907 Revolt coverage">edit</a>]</div> Several mass social, cultural and political campaigns were initiated or endorsed by Adevărul before 1910. According to one of Constantin Mille's columns of 1906, the newspaper continued to see itself as an advocate of people's causes: "Any of our readers know that, should any injustice be committed against them, should all authorities discard them, they will still find shelter under this newspaper's roof."<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a> In line with Beldiman and Mille's political vision, it militated for a statue of Domnitor Cuza to be erected in Iași (such a monument being eventually inaugurated in 1912).<a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> Similar initiatives included the 1904 event marking 400 years since the death of <a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Moldavia">Moldavian Prince</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_III_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen III of Moldavia">Stephen the Great</a>, and the erection in <a href="/wiki/Craiova" title="Craiova">Craiova</a> of a bust honoring its deceased contributor, poet Traian Demetrescu.<a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> At around the same time, Mille's gazette became a noted supporter of <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>, and created a special column, Cronica femeii ("The Woman's Chronicle"), assigned to female journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecaterina_Raicoviceanu-Fulmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecaterina Raicoviceanu-Fulmen (page does not exist)">Ecaterina Raicoviceanu-Fulmen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mpjurnaliste-28">[28]</a> Over the following decade, it hosted regular contributions by other militant women, among them <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucrezzia_Karnabatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucrezzia Karnabatt (page does not exist)">Lucrezzia Karnabatt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=E._Marghita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. Marghita (page does not exist)">E. Marghita</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maura_Prigor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maura Prigor (page does not exist)">Maura Prigor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_Vampa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura Vampa (page does not exist)">Laura Vampa</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aida_Vrioni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aida Vrioni (page does not exist)">Aida Vrioni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mpjurnaliste-28">[28]</a> Having endorsed the creation of a journalists' <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade union</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Writers%27_Society" title="Romanian Writers' Society">Romanian Writers' Society</a>, the newspaper also claimed to have inspired the idea of a Bucharest <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services" title="Emergency medical services">ambulance service</a>, a project taken up by physician <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Minovici" title="Nicolae Minovici">Nicolae Minovici</a> and fulfilled in 1906.<a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> Despite his leftist sympathies, Mille found himself in conflict with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labor_movement_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labor movement in Romania (page does not exist)">Romania's labor movement</a>: believing that the Linotype machines would render their jobs obsolete, they went on <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a>, before the editor himself resolved to educate them all in the new techniques.<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> Adevărul's ongoing support for Jewish emancipation was accompanied by a sympathetic take on the growing <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> movement. In 1902, the paper offered an enthusiastic reception to visiting French Zionist <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lazare" title="Bernard Lazare">Bernard Lazare</a>, prompting negative comments from the <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> French observers.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> By 1906, Adevărul's attitude prompted historian <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Nicolae Iorga</a>, leader of the antisemitic <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Nationalist_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Nationalist Party (Romania)">Democratic Nationalist Party</a>, to accuse the newspaper of cultivating a "Jewish national sentiment" which, he claimed, had for its actual goal the destruction of Romania.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In his Naționalism sau democrație ("Nationalism or Democracy") series of articles for <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83m%C4%83n%C4%83torul" title="Sămănătorul">Sămănătorul</a> magazine (an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethno-nationalist</a> organ published by Iorga), the Transylvanian-based thinker <a href="/wiki/Aurel_Popovici" title="Aurel Popovici">Aurel Popovici</a>, who criticized the elites of Austria-Hungary on grounds that they were serving Jewish interests, alleged that the impact of Adevărul and Dimineața carried the same risk for Romania.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In later years, Iorga casually referred to Adevărul as "the Jewish press organ", while, together with his political associate <a href="/wiki/A._C._Cuza" title="A. C. Cuza">A. C. Cuza</a> and other contributors to his <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neamul_Rom%C3%A2nesc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neamul Românesc (page does not exist)">Neamul Românesc</a> journal, he repeatedly claimed that the entire press was controlled by the Jews.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The antisemitic discourse targeting the Sărindar-based publications was taken up in the same period by the traditionalist Transylvanian poet <a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a> and by businessman-journalist <a href="/wiki/Stelian_Popescu" title="Stelian Popescu">Stelian Popescu</a> (who, in 1915, became owner of Universul).<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Pursuing its interest in the peasant question, Adevărul was one of the main factors of dissent during the <a href="/wiki/1907_Romanian_Peasants%27_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt">1907 Peasant Revolt</a>, which was violently quelled by the National Liberal cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Dimitrie Sturdza</a>. The paper reported on or made allegations about the shooting and maltreatment of peasants, reputedly to the point where government officials promised to end repression if Mille agreed to tone down his publication.<a href="#cite_note-ftcampanii-8">[8]</a> Various researchers accuse Mille of having seriously exaggerated the scale of repression for political purposes.<a href="#cite_note-cm1907-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-acrasc-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-stamoral1-36">[36]</a> Historian Anton Caragea, who theorizes the intrusion of Austria-Hungary, argues that, having received payments from Austro-Hungarian spies, both Adevărul and Universul were conditioned to incite public sentiment against the Sturdza executive.<a href="#cite_note-acrasc-35">[35]</a> Soon after the revolt, Editura Adevĕrul published Caragiale's 1907, din primăvară până în toamnă ("1907, From Spring to Autumn"), an attack on the Kingdom's institutions and analysis of its failures in connection to the rebellion, which was an instant best-seller.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_1910s">Early 1910s</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Early 1910s">edit</a>]</div> Following the 1907 events, the gazette participated in an extended anti-monarchy campaign, which also involved <a href="/wiki/Facla" title="Facla">Facla</a>, a newspaper edited by Mille's son-in-law,<a href="#cite_note-stamoral1-36">[36]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> and socialist journalist <a href="/wiki/N._D._Cocea" title="N. D. Cocea">N. D. Cocea</a>, as well as Romanian <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchist</a> milieus.<a href="#cite_note-gpproces-38">[38]</a> In 1912, it participated in one of Cocea's publicity stunts, during which the Facla editor, together with his colleague, poet <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Arghezi" title="Tudor Arghezi">Tudor Arghezi</a>, simulated their own trial for <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté">lèse majesté</a>, by reporting the mock procedures and hosting advertisements for Facla.<a href="#cite_note-gpproces-38">[38]</a> Like Facla itself, Adevărul circulated stereotypical satires of Carol I, constantly referring to him as neamțul ("the German" in <a href="/wiki/List_of_terms_used_for_Germans" title="List of terms used for Germans">colloquial terms</a>) or căpușa ("the tick").<a href="#cite_note-gpproces-38">[38]</a> In 1912, the combined circulation of Adevărul and Dimineața exceeded 100,000 copies, bringing it a revenue of 1 million <a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">lei</a>;<a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> the two periodicals assessed that, between January and August 1914, they had printed some 1,284 <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tons</a> of paper.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Adevărul had become the highest-grossing, but also the highest-paying press venue, and consequently the most sought-after employer: in 1913, it had a writing and technical staff of 250 people (whose salaries amounted to some 540,000 lei), in addition to whom it employed 60 correspondents and 1,800 official distributors.<a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> Adevărul reportedly had a notoriously stiff editorial policy, outlined by Mille and applied by his administrative editor Sache Petreanu, whereby it taxed the <a href="/wiki/Proofreading" title="Proofreading">proofreaders</a> for each typo.<a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftviata-14">[14]</a> Mille himself repeatedly urged his employees to keep up with the events, decking the walls with portraits of 19th-century newspaperman <a href="/wiki/Zaharia_Carcalechi" title="Zaharia Carcalechi">Zaharia Carcalechi</a>, infamous for his professional lassitude.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a> In addition to establishing permanent telephone links within Austria-Hungary (in both <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>), Adevărul maintained a regular correspondence with various <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan</a> capitals, and pioneered <a href="/wiki/Shorthand" title="Shorthand">shorthand</a> in transcribing interviews.<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> Among its indigenous journalists to be sent on special assignment abroad were <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fagure" title="Emil Fagure">Emil Fagure</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbu_Br%C4%83ni%C8%99teanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbu Brănișteanu (page does not exist)">Barbu Brănișteanu</a>, who reported on the 1908 <a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">Young Turk Revolution</a> from inside the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, as well as from the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Principality of Bulgaria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> The newspaper was nevertheless subject to a <a href="/wiki/Practical_joke" title="Practical joke">practical joke</a> played by its correspondent, future writer <a href="/wiki/Victor_Eftimiu" title="Victor Eftimiu">Victor Eftimiu</a>: instead of continuing his Adevărul-sponsored trip to France, Eftimiu stopped in Vienna, and compiled his "Letters from <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>" column from the press articles he read at Café Arkaden.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Adevărul's coverage of the international scene gave Romanians a window to political and cultural turmoil. By 1908, Adevărul was covering the burgeoning European <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a>, offering mixed reviews to <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> and deploring the supposed end of <a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">literary realism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In late 1910, claiming to speak for "the democratic world", it celebrated the <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">Portuguese republican revolt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The efforts made for establishing and preserving international connections, Adevărul claimed, made it one of the first papers in the world to report some other events of continental importance: the 1911 food riots in Vienna, the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>, and the diplomatic conflict between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece_(Gl%C3%BCcksburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)">Greek</a> and Bulgarian Kingdoms in the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> During the latter showdowns, Adevărul also employed several literary and political personalities as its correspondents: the paper's future manager <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iacob_Rosenthal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iacob Rosenthal (page does not exist)">Iacob Rosenthal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Serbian journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pera_Taletov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pera Taletov (page does not exist)">Pera Taletov</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Romanian writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentina_Monteoru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argentina Monteoru (page does not exist)">Argentina Monteoru</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, and Prince <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gjika" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Gjika">Albert Gjika</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftpremiere-6">[6]</a> In July 1913, the newspaper reported extensively on massacres committed by the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Army" title="Hellenic Army">Hellenic Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dojran" title="Dojran">Dojran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilkis" title="Kilkis">Kilkis</a> and other settlements of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>, while discussing the "terror regime" instituted in Bulgaria by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bulgarian_monarchs" title="List of Bulgarian monarchs">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Ferdinand I of Bulgaria">Ferdinand I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Later the same month, as Romania joined the anti-Bulgarian coalition and her troops entered <a href="/wiki/Southern_Dobruja" title="Southern Dobruja">Southern Dobruja</a>, Adevărul gave coverage to the spread of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> among soldiers, accusing the Conservative executive headed by <a href="/wiki/Titu_Maiorescu" title="Titu Maiorescu">Titu Maiorescu</a> of hiding its actual toll.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Also at that stage, the newspaper had become known for organizing <a href="/wiki/Raffle" title="Raffle">raffles</a>, which provided winners with expensive prizes, such as real estate and furniture.<a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> It was also the first periodical to have established itself in the countryside, a record secured through a special contract with the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Post">Romanian Post</a>, whereby postmen acted as press distributors, allowing some 300 press storage rooms to be established nationally.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> Political differences of the period, pitting Adevărul editors against National Liberal politicos, threatened this monopoly: under National Liberal cabinets, the Post was prevented from distributing the newspaper, leading it to rely on subscriptions and private distributors.<a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> Famous among the latter were Bucharest <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_hawker" title="Newspaper hawker">paperboys</a>, who advertised Adevărul with political songs such as the republican anthem <a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftrecord-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_I">World War I</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: World War I">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BucharestDemonstrationInFavourOfWar.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BucharestDemonstrationInFavourOfWar.jpeg/360px-BucharestDemonstrationInFavourOfWar.jpeg" decoding="async" width="360" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BucharestDemonstrationInFavourOfWar.jpeg/540px-BucharestDemonstrationInFavourOfWar.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/BucharestDemonstrationInFavourOfWar.jpeg/720px-BucharestDemonstrationInFavourOfWar.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> demonstration in favor of Romania's entry into <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1915 or 1916).</figcaption></figure> After the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the newspaper further divided the surviving socialist camp by swinging into the <a href="/wiki/Interventionism_(politics)" title="Interventionism (politics)">interventionist</a> group, calling for a declaration of war against the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> This position was more compatible with that of newspapers like <a href="/wiki/Universul" title="Universul">Universul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flac%C4%83ra" title="Flacăra">Flacăra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Furnica_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furnica (magazine) (page does not exist)">Furnica</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoca_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoca (Romania) (page does not exist)">Epoca</a>, clashing with the socialist press, the <a href="/wiki/Poporanism" title="Poporanism">Poporanists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Germanophile" title="Germanophile">Germanophile</a> gazettes such as <a href="/wiki/Seara_(newspaper)" title="Seara (newspaper)">Seara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steagul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steagul (page does not exist)">Steagul</a>, Minerva or Opinia.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Boia" title="Lucian Boia">Lucian Boia</a>, this stance was partly explained by the Jewish origin of its panelists, who, as advocates of assimilation, wanted to identify with the Romanian <a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">cultural nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irredenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Irredenta">irredenta</a>; an exception was the Germanophile Brănișteanu, for a while marginalized within the group.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Adevărul agitated with energy against Austria-Hungary on the Transylvanian issue, while giving less exposure to the problems of Romanians in Russian-held <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a>. This was a programmatic choice, outlined by Transylvanian academic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Ursu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Ursu (page does not exist)">Ioan Ursu</a> in a September 1914 article for Adevărul, where <a href="/wiki/Russophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russophobia">Russophobia</a> was condemned as a canard.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Over the course of 1914, the aging historian <a href="/wiki/A._D._Xenopol" class="mw-redirect" title="A. D. Xenopol">A. D. Xenopol</a> also made Adevărul the host of his interventionist essays, later collected as a volume.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In early winter 1915, Adevărul publicized the visit of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">British</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Seton-Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert William Seton-Watson">Robert William Seton-Watson</a>, who campaigned in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a> and supported the interventionist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultural_League_for_the_Unity_of_All_Romanians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultural League for the Unity of All Romanians (page does not exist)">Cultural League for the Unity of All Romanians</a>. In his interview with Adevărul, Seton-Watson identified the goals of Romanians with those of <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>, stressing that their common interest called for the partition of Austria-Hungary, ending what he called "the brutal and artificial domination of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Magyar race</a>".<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> One of the newspaper's own articles, published in April 1916, focused on the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Germans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Germans">ethnic German</a> <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxons" title="Transylvanian Saxons">Transylvanian Saxons</a> and their relationship with Romanians in Austria-Hungary, claiming: "Except for the Hungarians, we had throughout our history, just as we have today, an enemy just as irreducible and who would desire our disappearance just as much: the Saxon people."<a href="#cite_note-dhgerman-51">[51]</a> According to literary historian Dumitru Hîncu, such discourse was replicated by other pro-Entente venues, marking a temporary break with a local tradition of more positive <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_stereotype" title="Ethnic stereotype">ethnic stereotypes</a> regarding the Germans.<a href="#cite_note-dhgerman-51">[51]</a> The interventionist campaign peaked in summer 1916, when it became apparent that <a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a>'s National Liberal cabinet was pondering Romania's entry into the conflict on the Entente side (see <a href="/wiki/Romania_during_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania during World War I">Romania during World War I</a>). Mille himself explained the war as a "corrective" answer to Romania's social problems and a "diversion" for the rebellion-minded peasants.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The newspaper, described by <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> scholar Glenn E. Torrey as "sensationalist", provided enthusiastic accounts of the Russians' <a href="/wiki/Brusilov_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Brusilov Offensive">Brusilov Offensive</a>, which had stabilized the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a> in Romania's proximity, announcing that the "supreme moment" for Romania's intervention had arrived.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> This attitude resulted in a clash between Adevărul on one side and Romania's new dominant socialist faction, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Romania_(1910%E2%80%931918)" title="Social Democratic Party of Romania (1910–1918)">Social Democratic Party of Romania</a> (PSDR) and the socialist-controlled labor movement on the other. The newspaper reported the official government position on the bloody confrontations between workers and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Army">Romanian Army</a> troops in the city of <a href="/wiki/Gala%C5%A3i" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaţi">Galați</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Using a style Torrey describes as "inflammatory", Adevărul also attacked PSDR leader <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a>, co-founder of the anti-interventionist and <a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">internationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Zimmerwald_Conference" title="Zimmerwald Conference">Zimmerwald Movement</a>, accusing him of being an "adventurer" and hireling of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In a 1915 letter to Zimmerwald promoter <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a>, Rakovsky himself claimed that Mille had been corrupted by <a href="/wiki/Take_Ionescu" title="Take Ionescu">Take Ionescu</a>, leader of the pro-Entente <a href="/wiki/Conservative-Democratic_Party" title="Conservative-Democratic Party">Conservative-Democratic Party</a>, and that his newspapers issued <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> "under the mask of independence".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Romania eventually signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">1916 Treaty of Bucharest</a>, committing herself to the Entente cause. Its intervention in the war was nevertheless ill-fated, and resulted in the occupation of Bucharest and much of the surrounding regions by the Central Powers, with the Romanian authorities taking refuge in <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a>. While Mille himself fled to Iași and later Paris, his newspapers were banned by the German authorities and the Sărindar headquarters became home to the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German-language</a> official mouthpiece, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukarester_Tageblatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukarester Tageblatt (page does not exist)">Bukarester Tageblatt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> Brănișteanu, who did not join in the exodus, worked with <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Stere" title="Constantin Stere">Constantin Stere</a> on the Germanophile paper Lumina.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In early 1919, as the Germans lost the war, Mille returned and both Adevărul and Dimineața were again in print.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> In later years, Adevărul's <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Costa-Foru" title="Constantin Costa-Foru">Constantin Costa-Foru</a> covered in detail and with noted clemency the trials of various "<a href="/wiki/Collaborationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborationism">collaborationist</a>" journalists, including some of its former and future contributors (Stere, <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Arghezi" title="Tudor Arghezi">Tudor Arghezi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saniel_Grossman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saniel Grossman (page does not exist)">Saniel Grossman</a>).<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The newspaper was by then also reporting about Seton-Watson's disappointment with post-war <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Centralized_government" title="Centralized government">centralist</a> agenda of its founders.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1919_edition">1919 edition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1919 edition">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_interwar_years">Early interwar years</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Early interwar years">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adeverul-logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Adeverul-logo.png/280px-Adeverul-logo.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Adeverul-logo.png/420px-Adeverul-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Adeverul-logo.png/560px-Adeverul-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="141" /></a><figcaption>Adevĕrul logo, used in the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>. The subtitle reads: "Evening political newspaper. Appears each day at 3 PM"</figcaption></figure> Once reestablished, Adevărul became a dominant newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> and preserved its formative role for <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a>, being joined in its leftist niche some other widely circulated periodicals (<a href="/wiki/Cuv%C3%A2ntul_Liber_(1924)" title="Cuvântul Liber (1924)">Cuvântul Liber</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rampa_(Romanian_magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rampa (Romanian magazine) (page does not exist)">Rampa</a> etc.).<a href="#cite_note-pc135-60">[60]</a> More serious competition came from its old rival Universul, which now surpassed it in popularity at a national level.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> By 1934, Adevărul and Dimineața still boasted a combined daily circulation of 150,000 copies.<a href="#cite_note-agbrunea-62">[62]</a> In 1920, Mille retired from the position of editor-in-chief and moved on to create <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lupta (page does not exist)">Lupta</a> journal, amidst allegations that he had been pressured out by rival business interests.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> Adevărul and Dimineața were both purchased by <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Blank" title="Aristide Blank">Aristide Blank</a>, a <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian Jewish</a> entrepreneur, <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania,_1875)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)">National Liberal</a> politician and owner of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Editura_Cultura_Na%C5%A3ional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Editura Cultura Naţională (page does not exist)">Editura Cultura Națională</a> company. He sold the controlling stock to other prominent Jewish businessmen, Emil and Simion Pauker, reactivating the Adevĕrul S. A. holding in the process.<a href="#cite_note-ftparinte-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> Mille himself was replaced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Graur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Graur (page does not exist)">Constantin Graur</a>, who held managerial positions until 1936.<a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> Simion and Emil Pauker were, respectively, the father and uncle of <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Pauker" title="Marcel Pauker">Marcel Pauker</a>, later a maverick figure in the outlawed <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a> (PCR).<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The Paukers' ethnicity made their two newspapers preferred targets of attacks by the local antisemitic groups.<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In that decade, Adevărul was generally sympathetic to the <a href="/wiki/National_Peasants%27_Party" title="National Peasants' Party">National Peasants' Party</a>, the main political force opposing the National Liberal establishment.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The paper employed a new generation of panelists, most of whom were known for their advocacy of left-wing causes. In addition to professional journalists Brănișteanu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Bacalba%C8%99a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Bacalbașa (page does not exist)">Constantin Bacalbașa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Teodorescu-Brani%C8%99te" title="Tudor Teodorescu-Braniște">Tudor Teodorescu-Braniște</a>, they included respected novelist <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sadoveanu" title="Mihail Sadoveanu">Mihail Sadoveanu</a> and debuting essayist <a href="/wiki/Petre_Pandrea" title="Petre Pandrea">Petre Pandrea</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> as well as the best-selling fiction author <a href="/wiki/Cezar_Petrescu" title="Cezar Petrescu">Cezar Petrescu</a>, who was briefly a member of the editorial staff.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Other writers with socialist or <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifist</a> sympathies also became collaborators of Adevărul and Dimineața, most notably: <a href="/wiki/Elena_Farago" title="Elena Farago">Elena Farago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Relgis" title="Eugen Relgis">Eugen Relgis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ion_Marin_Sadoveanu" title="Ion Marin Sadoveanu">Ion Marin Sadoveanu</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Mihail_Zamfirescu" title="George Mihail Zamfirescu">George Mihail Zamfirescu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Especially noted among the young generation of leftists was <a href="/wiki/F._Brunea-Fox" title="F. Brunea-Fox">F. Brunea-Fox</a>. After a stint as political editorialist with Adevărul, he became the Romanian "prince of reporters", with <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">investigative journalism</a> pieces which were mainly hosted by Dimineața.<a href="#cite_note-agbrunea-62">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Extension_from_the_1930s_of_the_Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille,_Bucharest,_Romania,_with_an_Art_Deco_facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Extension_from_the_1930s_of_the_Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_an_Art_Deco_facade.jpg/220px-Extension_from_the_1930s_of_the_Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_an_Art_Deco_facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Extension_from_the_1930s_of_the_Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_an_Art_Deco_facade.jpg/330px-Extension_from_the_1930s_of_the_Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_an_Art_Deco_facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Extension_from_the_1930s_of_the_Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_an_Art_Deco_facade.jpg/440px-Extension_from_the_1930s_of_the_Adev%C4%83rul_Newspaper_Headquarter_on_Strada_Constantin_Mille%2C_Bucharest%2C_Romania%2C_with_an_Art_Deco_facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption>Adevărul headquarters, <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a> addition (1930s), with <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> facade</figcaption></figure> Despite the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, the new management purchased another building in Sărindar area, tearing it down and replacing it with another palace wing, in <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a>, and unifying the three facades by late 1933.<a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a> The extended location, covering some 1,700 m2, came to house a <a href="/wiki/Rotary_printing_press" title="Rotary printing press">rotary printing press</a> which was also in use by the magazine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realitatea_Ilustrat%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realitatea Ilustrată (page does not exist)">Realitatea Ilustrată</a>, a conference hall, a <a href="/wiki/Cafeteria" title="Cafeteria">cafeteria</a> and sleeping quarters for the <a href="/wiki/Janitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Janitor">janitors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a> The post-1920 issues introduced a number of changes in format. It began hosting <a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">photojournalistic</a> pieces by <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Berman" title="Iosif Berman">Iosif Berman</a>, one of Romania's celebrated photographers (who had made his debut with Dimineața in 1913).<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-ebfoto-70">[70]</a> Adevărul began headlining its front page with a short listing of the top news of the day, often accompanied by sarcastic editorial commentary.<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> Among the other innovations were regular columns discussing developments in literature and philosophy, written by two young <a href="/wiki/Modernist_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist literature">modernist</a> authors, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fondane" title="Benjamin Fondane">Benjamin Fondane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ion_Vinea" title="Ion Vinea">Ion Vinea</a>, as well as a theater chronicle by Fagure and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iosif_N%C4%83dejde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iosif Nădejde (page does not exist)">Iosif Nădejde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> Vinea's texts discussed literary authenticity, <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism" title="Eclecticism">eclecticism</a>, and consistent praises of modern <a href="/wiki/Lyricism" title="Lyricism">lyrical prose</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Other such articles followed Vinea's rivalry with his former colleague <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a>, and stated his rejection of <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dadaism</a>, a radical <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> current that Tzara had formed in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> during the war.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In 1922, Vinea went on to establish <a href="/wiki/Contimporanul" title="Contimporanul">Contimporanul</a>, an influential modernist and socialist tribune, which maintained warm contact with Adevărul.<a href="#cite_note-pc135-60">[60]</a> Around that time, Adevărul had a printing-press contract with Alexandru Tzaran, the socialist activist and entrepreneur, whose company also published avant-garde books,<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and revisited projects for creating a literary supplement. In 1920, it set up <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul_Literar_%C5%9Fi_Artistic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adevărul Literar şi Artistic (page does not exist)">Adevĕrul Literar și Artistic</a>, soon to be rated one of the prominent Romanian cultural journals.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> Seven years later, it also began printing a magazine for <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Radio">Romanian Radio</a> enthusiasts, under the title Radio Adevĕrul.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The newspaper was involved in cultural debates over the following two decades. It attracted contributions from various cultural ideologists, among them critics <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eerban_Cioculescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Şerban Cioculescu">șerban Cioculescu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petru_Comarnescu" title="Petru Comarnescu">Petru Comarnescu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Lovinescu" title="Eugen Lovinescu">Eugen Lovinescu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Zarifopol" title="Paul Zarifopol">Paul Zarifopol</a>, writers <a href="/wiki/Demostene_Botez" title="Demostene Botez">Demostene Botez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugeniu_Botez" title="Eugeniu Botez">Eugeniu Botez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Eftimiu" title="Victor Eftimiu">Victor Eftimiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Jebeleanu" title="Eugen Jebeleanu">Eugen Jebeleanu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camil_Petrescu" title="Camil Petrescu">Camil Petrescu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanian</a> cultural activist <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Constantin_Batzaria" title="Nicolae Constantin Batzaria">Nicolae Constantin Batzaria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> Beginning 1928, Cioculescu took over the Adevărul literary column.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> That same year, Adevărul hosted part of the dispute between Cioculescu and another prominent critic of the period, <a href="/wiki/Perpessicius" title="Perpessicius">Perpessicius</a>, the former of whom accused the latter of being too eclectic and generous.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In 1931, it circulated young critic <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Boz" title="Lucian Boz">Lucian Boz</a>'s defense of Tzara and praise for sculptor <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Constantin Brâncuși</a>, both of whom, he stressed, had brought "fresh Romanian air into the realm of <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Cernat,_p.331-76">[76]</a> By 1932, it was hosting contributions from <a href="/wiki/George_C%C4%83linescu" title="George Călinescu">George Călinescu</a>, including one which criticized his former disciple Boz,<a href="#cite_note-Cernat,_p.331-76">[76]</a> and excerpts from Lovinescu's memoirs.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In 1937, Adevărul hosted a polemic between Lovinescu and his disciple <a href="/wiki/Felix_Aderca" title="Felix Aderca">Felix Aderca</a>, where the topic was avant-garde hero <a href="/wiki/Urmuz" title="Urmuz">Urmuz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> and a special column for women in culture. Probably conceived by feminist writer <a href="/wiki/Izabela_Sadoveanu-Evan" title="Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan">Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan</a> (already known to Adevărul readers as a popularizer of <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a>), it was signed by several prominent women of the day.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Editura Adevĕrul signed on some of the best-selling authors in modern Romanian literature, among them Sadoveanu, Călinescu, Eugeniu Botez, <a href="/wiki/Liviu_Rebreanu" title="Liviu Rebreanu">Liviu Rebreanu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gala_Galaction" title="Gala Galaction">Gala Galaction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> It also put out several other popular works, such as memoirs and essays by <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie of Edinburgh">Queen Marie of Romania</a>, the comedic hit <a href="/wiki/Titanic_Vals" class="mw-redirect" title="Titanic Vals">Titanic Vals</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Mu%C5%9Fatescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor Muşatescu">Tudor Mușatescu</a>, and, after 1934, a number of primary school textbooks.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> By the mid-1930s, Adevărul had launched sister magazines dedicated to photo-reportage (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Realitatea_Ilustrat%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realitatea Ilustrată (page does not exist)">Realitatea Ilustrată</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood films</a> (Film) and health (Medicul Nostru).<a href="#cite_note-cuygrec-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Clashes_with_the_far_right">Clashes with the far right</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Clashes with the far right">edit</a>]</div> Both Adevărul and Dimineața were noted for their rejection of interwar antisemitism, and for condemning the <a href="/wiki/Far_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far right">far right</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> segment of the political spectrum. Romanian fascism was at the time grouped around the <a href="/wiki/National-Christian_Defense_League" title="National-Christian Defense League">National-Christian Defense League</a> (LANC), presided upon by Adevărul's old adversary <a href="/wiki/A._C._Cuza" title="A. C. Cuza">A. C. Cuza</a>. During 1921, the liberal Fagure ridiculed the supposed threat of Jewish <a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">communization</a> in newly acquired <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a>, countering the supposed threat of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Jewish Bolshevism</a> (officially endorsed and publicized by Universul).<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> At the time, Adevărul was even voicing criticism of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a> from the left: young Brunea-Fox discussed an <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_uprisings_against_the_Bolsheviks" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks">anti-Soviet workers' rebellion</a> as a movement for individual freedoms.<a href="#cite_note-agbrunea-62">[62]</a> In 1923, Adevărul publishing house printed a booklet by the leftist whistleblower <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanoil_Socor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emanoil Socor (page does not exist)">Emanoil Socor</a>, wherein proof was given that A. C. Cuza's academic career rested on <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The same year, the LANC's entire <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> wing, including young activist <a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Corneliu Zelea Codreanu</a>, was rounded up by the authorities. These uncovered the fascists' plan to murder various National Liberal politicians, the editors of Lupta, and Adevărul manager <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iacob_Rosenthal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iacob Rosenthal (page does not exist)">Iacob Rosenthal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Adevărul later published the results of an investigation by <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascist</a> reporter Dinu Dumbravă, who discussed LANC involvement in the 1925 <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogrom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Foc%C8%99ani" title="Focșani">Focșani</a>, and mentioned that the <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">educational system</a> was being penetrated by antisemites.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In 1927, it joined the condemnation of LANC-sponsored violence in Transylvania: a contributor, the lawyer-activist <a href="/wiki/Dem._I._Dobrescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dem. I. Dobrescu">Dem. I. Dobrescu</a>, referred to Codreanu and his men as Romania's "shame".<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In December 1930, leftist sociologist <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Ralea" title="Mihai Ralea">Mihai Ralea</a>, one of the main figures in the <a href="/wiki/Via%C5%A3a_Rom%C3%A2neasc%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Viaţa Românească">Viața Românească</a> circle, chose Adevărul as the venue for his essay Răzbunarea noțiunii de democrație ("Avenging the Notion of Democracy"), which condemned the then-popular theory that democratic regimes were inferior to <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> ones.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Adevărul reported with concern on some other <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy (political)">conspiracies</a> against the legitimate government, including officer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Precup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Precup (page does not exist)">Victor Precup</a>'s attempt to assassinate King <a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II</a> on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> 1934.<a href="#cite_note-vsacoltenii-87">[87]</a> In parallel, Adevărul took an interest in promoting alternatives to nationalist theories. It thus attempted to mediate the ongoing disputes between Romania and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, an editorial policy notably taken up in 1923, when the exiled Hungarian intellectual <a href="/wiki/Oszk%C3%A1r_J%C3%A1szi" title="Oszkár Jászi">Oszkár Jászi</a> visited Bucharest. In that context, Adevărul published Jászi's interview with <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Costa-Foru" title="Constantin Costa-Foru">Constantin Costa-Foru</a>, wherein Jászi mapped out a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danubian_Confederation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danubian Confederation (page does not exist)">Danubian Confederation</a> scheme, criticizing "thoughts of war and sentiments of hatred" among both Romanians and Magyars.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In another Adevărul piece, Jászi's vision was commended as a democratic alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungarian Regency</a> regime, leading <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_Ambassador_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian Ambassador in Romania (page does not exist)">Hungarian Ambassador</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iv%C3%A1n_Rubido-Zichy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iván Rubido-Zichy (page does not exist)">Iván Rubido-Zichy</a> to express his displeasure.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Later, even as Jászi arose the suspicions of many Romanians and was shunned by the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">Hungarian community in Romania</a>, Adevărul still expressed sympathy for his cause, notably with a 1935 essay by Transylvanian journalist <a href="/wiki/Ion_Clopo%C5%A3el" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Clopoţel">Ion Clopoțel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The newspaper also denounced <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">interwar Germany</a>'s attempts to absorb <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> (a proto-<a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a>), primarily because they stood to channel Hungary's <a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">revanchism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> It also reported with much sarcasm on the friendly contacts between the Romanian nationalists at LANC and the Hungarian revanchist <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Defence_Association" title="Hungarian National Defence Association">Szeged Fascists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Meanwhile, Adevărul was vividly critical of centralizing policies in post-1920 "<a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a>", primarily in Transylvania and Bessarabia. Articles on this topic were mainly contributed by <a href="/wiki/Onisifor_Ghibu" title="Onisifor Ghibu">Onisifor Ghibu</a>, a former activist for the Transylvanian Romanian cause.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> One of the new causes in which Adevărul involved itself after 1918 was <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">birth control</a>, which it supported from a <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenic</a> perspective. This advocacy was foremost illustrated by the regular medical column of 1923, signed Doctor Ygrec (the pseudonym of a Jewish practitioner), which proposed both prenuptial certificates and the legalization of <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Romania" title="Abortion in Romania">abortion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The issues attracted much interest after Ygrec and his counterpart at Universul, who expressed moral and social objections, debated the matter for an entire month.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> While voicing such concerns, Adevărul itself published <a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">prejudiced</a> claims, such as a 1928 article by physician George D. Ionășescu, who portrayed the steady migration of <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenian</a> natives into Bucharest as a "social danger" which brought with it "promiscuity, squalor and infection", and called for restrictions on internal migration.<a href="#cite_note-vsacoltenii-87">[87]</a> Generally <a href="/wiki/Anti-Racism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Racism">anti-racist</a>, the paper helped publicize the alternative, anti-fascist <a href="/wiki/Racialism_(racial_categorization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Racialism (racial categorization)">racialism</a> proposed by <a href="/wiki/Henric_Sanielevici" title="Henric Sanielevici">Henric Sanielevici</a> in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Adevărul also published a 1929 piece by Nicolae Constantin Batzaria, in which the latter showed his adversity to radical forms of <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>, recommending women to find their comfort in marriage.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> By the mid-1930s, the tension between Adevărul and the increasingly pro-fascist Universul degenerated into open confrontation. Emil Pauker's newspapers were by then also being targeted by the new fascist movement known as the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a>, led by former LANC member Codreanu: in 1930, one of its editors was shot by a follower of Codreanu, but escaped with his life.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> According to the recollections of PCR activist <a href="/wiki/Silviu_Brucan" title="Silviu Brucan">Silviu Brucan</a>, the Iron Guardists, who supported Universul, attacked distributors of Adevărul and Dimineața, prompting young communist and socialists to organize themselves into <a href="/wiki/Vigilante" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigilante">vigilante</a> groups and fight back, which in turn led to a series of street battles.<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> Beginning 1935, the scandals also involved <a href="/wiki/Sfarm%C4%83-Piatr%C4%83" title="Sfarmă-Piatră">Sfarmă-Piatră</a>, a virulent far right newspaper headed by <a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Nichifor Crainic</a> and funded by <a href="/wiki/Stelian_Popescu" title="Stelian Popescu">Stelian Popescu</a>, the new publisher of Universul.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> While engaged in this conflict, Adevărul stood out among local newspapers for supporting the PCR during a 1936 trial of its activists which took place in <a href="/wiki/Craiova" title="Craiova">Craiova</a>, and involved as a co-defendant Simion Pauker's daughter-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Ana_Pauker" title="Ana Pauker">Ana Pauker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> Mainstream politician <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Constantin Argetoianu</a>, citing an unnamed Adevărul journalist, had it that Emil Pauker, otherwise an outspoken <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a>, was trying to protect even the more estranged members of his family.<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> With the change in management, some of the established Adevărul authors moved to Universul. This was the case with C. Bacalbașa (1935)<a href="#cite_note-zocapitala-20">[20]</a> and Batzaria (1936).<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In his Universul columns, the latter displayed a degree of sympathy for the extreme right movement.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In summer 1936, the Paukers sold their stock to a consortium of businessmen with National Liberal connections, which was headed by Emanoil Tătărescu, the brother of acting <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Gheorghe Tătărescu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> Mihail Sadoveanu succeeded Graur as editor-in-chief, while also taking over leadership of Dimineața,<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-zo459465-102">[102]</a> and Eugen Lovinescu became a member of the company's executive panel.<a href="#cite_note-ebfoto-70">[70]</a> With this change in management came a new stage in the conflict opposing Adevărul to the far right press. Through the voices of Crainic, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_Gregorian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Gregorian (page does not exist)">Alexandru Gregorian</a> and <a href="/wiki/N._Crevedia" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Crevedia">N. Crevedia</a>, the two extremist journals <a href="/w/index.php?title=Porunca_Vremii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porunca Vremii (page does not exist)">Porunca Vremii</a> and Sfarmă-Piatră repeatedly targeted Sadoveanu with antisemitic and <a href="/wiki/Anti-masonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-masonry">antimasonic</a> epithets, accusing him of having become a tool for Jewish interests and, as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Romania" title="Freemasonry in Romania">Romanian Freemasonry</a>, of promoting <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a> practices.<a href="#cite_note-zo459465-102">[102]</a> The controversy also involved modernist poet <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Arghezi" title="Tudor Arghezi">Tudor Arghezi</a>, whose writings Sadoveanu defended against charges of "<a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a>" coming from the nationalist press.<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> Adevărul did in fact back similar charges against novelist <a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a>, who was in conflict with Teodorescu-Braniște, and whom Doctor Ygrec dismissed as an "<a href="/wiki/Erotomania" title="Erotomania">erotomaniac</a>".<a href="#cite_note-cuygrec-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1946_edition">1946 edition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1946 edition">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1937_ban_and_recovery">1937 ban and recovery</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1937 ban and recovery">edit</a>]</div> Adevărul and Dimineața, together with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lupta (page does not exist)">Lupta</a>, were suppressed in 1937, when the fascist <a href="/wiki/National_Christian_Party" title="National Christian Party">National Christian Party</a> of <a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a>, successor to the LANC and rival of the Iron Guard, took over government. This was primarily an antisemitic measure among several <a href="/wiki/Racial_discrimination" title="Racial discrimination">racial discrimination</a> laws adopted with the consent of Carol II, the increasingly <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> monarch, and officially credited the notion according to which both venues were "Jewish".<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The decision to close down the publications was accompanied by a <a href="/wiki/Nationalization_in_Romania" title="Nationalization in Romania">nationalization</a> of their assets, which reportedly included a large part of <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Berman" title="Iosif Berman">Iosif Berman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Negative_(photography)" title="Negative (photography)">negatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> In one of the paper's last issues, Teodorescu-Braniște warned against the identification of democracy "within the limits of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>" with <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevism</a>, noting that Adevărul's enemies had willingly introduced such a confusion.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In his diary of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> events, Brănișteanu described the ban as having inaugurated the era of "barbarity".<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> This referred to the bloody clash between Carol and the Iron Guard, to Goga's downfall, and to the establishment of a three successive <a href="/wiki/Romania_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania during World War II">wartime dictatorships</a>: Carol's <a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Front" title="National Renaissance Front">National Renaissance Front</a>, the Guard's <a href="/wiki/National_Legionary_State" title="National Legionary State">National Legionary State</a>, and the authoritarian regime of <a href="/wiki/Conduc%C4%83tor" title="Conducător">Conducător</a> <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftzbucium-22">[22]</a> The three regimes organized successive purges of Jewish and left-wing journalists, preventing several of the Adevărul employees from working in the field.<a href="#cite_note-gbuzp1919-105">[105]</a> During its episodic rise to power, the Iron Guard mapped out its revenge against people associated with Adevărul, dividing its former staff into three categories: "kikes", "traitors", and "minions".<a href="#cite_note-ebfoto-70">[70]</a> Nichifor Crainic, who served as Minister of <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> under both the National Legionary State and Antonescu, took pride in his own campaign against "<a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>" in the press, and, speaking at the 1941 anniversary of his tribune <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndirea" title="Gândirea">Gândirea</a>, referred to Goga's 1937 action against Adevărul and the others as a "splendid act of justice".<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> According to one story, the palatial office formerly belonging to Adevărul was still at the center of a conflict between underground communists and the Guard: during the <a href="/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom" title="Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom">Legionary Rebellion</a> of January 1941, the PCR attempted to set it on fire and then blame the arson on the fascists, but this plan was thwarted by press photographer Nicolae Ionescu.<a href="#cite_note-ebfoto-70">[70]</a> Both Adevărul and Dimineața were restored on April 13, 1946, two years since the <a href="/wiki/King_Michael%27s_Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="King Michael's Coup">August 1944 Coup</a> ended Romania's alliance with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> by bringing down Antonescu. The new editorial staff was led by the aging newspaperman Brănișteanu and the new collective owner was the joint stock company Sărindar S. A.<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> The daily did not have its headquarters in Sărindar (which was allocated to the Luceafărul Printing House),<a href="#cite_note-ftpalatul-13">[13]</a> but remained in the same general area, on Matei Millo Street and later on Brezoianu Street.<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> In the first issue of its new series, Adevărul carried Brănișteanu's promise of pursuing the same path as Mille, and was accompanied by a reprint of Mille's political testament.<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> Brănișteanu's article stated: "We did not and will not belong to any person, to any government, to any party."<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> The series coincided with a spell of <a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_philosophy)" title="Pluralism (political philosophy)">pluralism</a> contested by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">occupation of Romania</a>, the steady <a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">communization</a> of stately affairs, and political moves to create a <a href="/wiki/Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Romania">communist regime</a>. Brănișteanu noted these developments in his debut editorial of 1946, with a positive spin: "We ought to be blind not to have admitted that, in these new times, new men must step and do step to the leadership. We do not shy away from saying that, in general lines, our views meet with those of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">socialist democracy</a>, for the preparation of which we have been struggling our entire lives and which is about to be set up here, as well as in most parts of the European continent, after being fulfilled in <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russia</a>."<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Communist_censorship">Communist censorship</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Communist censorship">edit</a>]</div> Barbu Brănișteanu died in December 1947, just days before the Kingdom was replaced with a pro-Soviet <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic">people's republic</a> in which the dominant force was the PCR.<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-ildec1947-107">[107]</a> The gazette celebrated the political transition, publishing the official communique proclaiming the republic, and commenting on it: "A new face of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">Romanian history</a> has begun [sic] yesterday. What follows is the Romanian state, which today, as well as tomorrow, will require everyone's disciplined and concentrated work."<a href="#cite_note-ildec1947-107">[107]</a> Honored with a front-page <a href="/wiki/Obituary" title="Obituary">obituary</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-ildec1947-107">[107]</a> Brănișteanu was succeeded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Soreanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Soreanu (page does not exist)">H. Soreanu</a>, who led Adevărul for the following two years.<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> Soreanu was originally from the city of <a href="/wiki/Roman,_Romania" title="Roman, Romania">Roman</a>, where he had presided over a local gazette.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In stages after that date, Adevărul was affected by <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Communist_Romania" title="Censorship in Communist Romania">communist censorship</a>: according to historian Cristian Vasile, while generally infused with "official propaganda", the paper overall failed in effecting "the transformation requested by the [new] regime."<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Its content grew more politicized, offering praise to Soviet and Communist party initiatives such as the <a href="/wiki/Five-year_plans_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-year plans of Romania">five-year plans</a>, the encouragement and spread of <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a>, and the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Russian literature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> Nevertheless, it continued to publish more traditional articles, including pieces signed by Brunea-Fox and poet <a href="/wiki/Demostene_Botez" title="Demostene Botez">Demostene Botez</a>, as well as the regular columns Carnetul nostru ("Our Notebook"), Cronica evenimentelor externe ("The Chronicle of Foreign Events"), Cronica muzicală ("The Musical Chronicle"), Glose politice ("Political Glosses"), Ultima oră ("Latest News"), and the cartoon section Chestia zilei ("The Daily Issue").<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> Another satirical section, titled Tablete ("Tablets") and contributed by <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Arghezi" title="Tudor Arghezi">Tudor Arghezi</a>, existed between 1947 and 1948; it came to an abrupt end when Arghezi was banned, having been singled out for his "<a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">decadent</a>" poetry in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorin_Toma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorin Toma (page does not exist)">Sorin Toma</a>'s ideological column for <a href="/wiki/Sc%C3%AEnteia" title="Scînteia">Scînteia</a>, the main communist mouthpiece (see <a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist realism in Romania">Socialist realism in Romania</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ftscriit-15">[15]</a> In early 1948, Adevărul was also hosting some of the few independently voiced theater chronicles of the day, including a subversive contribution from the self-exiled author <a href="/wiki/Monica_Lovinescu" title="Monica Lovinescu">Monica Lovinescu</a>, where she indirectly referred to communism as <a href="/wiki/Kafkaesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafkaesque">Kafkaesque</a> experimentation.<a href="#cite_note-cv127-110">[110]</a> The newspaper was eventually placed under an "editorial committee", whose effective leader was Communist Party boss <a href="/wiki/Leonte_R%C4%83utu" title="Leonte Răutu">Leonte Răutu</a>, and whose mission was to prepare Adevărul for liquidation.<a href="#cite_note-gbuzp1919-105">[105]</a> In early 1951, at a time when the communist regime closed down all autonomous press venues, Adevărul was taken out of print. In its final issue (18,039th of March 31, 1951), the paper informed that: "the <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> has set up a new press, emerging from the new development of society: a press for the masses, read and written by millions. [It] expresses the tendencies and higher level of socialist culture; it debates on a daily basis the problems of ideology, of social and political theory, of science and technology, in connection with the preoccupations, the struggles and the victories in the field of labor, intertwined with the vast issues posed by the effort of socialist construction. The mission of Adevĕrul newspaper is over."<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Cristian Vasile notes that the "official explanation" for suppressing Adevărul was "ridiculous and unconvincing."<a href="#cite_note-cv127-110">[110]</a> Indication that the closure occurred unexpectedly also comes from Adevărul's failure to cancel its subscriptions in advance.<a href="#cite_note-ftinterzis-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1989_edition">1989 edition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1989 edition">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1989_reestablishment_and_support_for_the_FSN">1989 reestablishment and support for the FSN</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1989 reestablishment and support for the FSN">edit</a>]</div> A daily paper with the name Adevărul was again set up in the immediate aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution of 1989">1989 Revolution</a>, which had toppled the communist regime and its <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party system</a>. The publication, which is housed by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Free_Press" title="House of the Free Press">House of the Free Press</a>, is often described as a direct successor to the PCR organ Scînteia (rival of the 1940s Adevărul).<a href="#cite_note-cm1907-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-acavatars-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-mpquality-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Three intermediary issues were published during the actual revolutionary events; a free one-page issue on December 22 and two further issues on December 23 and 24 respectively, under the title Scînteia Poporului ("The People's Spark"), which published appeals issued by the provisional <a href="/wiki/Post-communism" title="Post-communism">post-communist</a> leadership forum, the <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a> (FSN), adopting the name Adevărul starting December 25.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> As one of its first measures, the new editorial board dismissed members of the staff who were discredited for having openly supported the last communist ruler, <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C5%9Fescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolae Ceauşescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a>, replacing them with journalists sympathetic to the FSN.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Soon after Ceaușescu's execution, the gazette began serializing <a href="/wiki/Red_Horizons" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Horizons">Red Horizons</a>, a volume of recollections exposing the defunct regime, authored by <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mihai_Pacepa" title="Ion Mihai Pacepa">Ion Mihai Pacepa</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_emigration_and_defection" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Bloc emigration and defection">defector</a> and former spy chief.<a href="#cite_note-acavatars-113">[113]</a> At the time, it circulated the claim, supported by the FSN, that Ceaușescu's repression of the popular revolt had killed as many as 60,000 people, which was a 60-fold increase of the actual death toll.<a href="#cite_note-cm1907-23">[23]</a> Edited after its resurgence by the pro-FSN poet and translator <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darie_Nov%C4%83ceanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darie Novăceanu (page does not exist)">Darie Novăceanu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-cm1907-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-abevzctp-119">[119]</a> Adevărul became the dominant left-wing newspaper of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_since_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Romania since 1989">post-communist Romania</a>. In parallel, Dimineața was itself revived, and, although independent from Adevărul, was also a FSN mouthpiece.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Their main right-wing rival was another former Communist Party venue, <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Liber%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="România Liberă">România Liberă</a>, which openly reproached on the FSN that it was monopolizing power, and which identified itself with <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_philosophy)" title="Pluralism (political philosophy)">pluralism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Reflecting back on the early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton Institute">Southampton Institute</a> researcher David Berry argued: "the ideological forces associated with the previous <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinist</a> regime were pitted against a much smaller and disparate oppositional group. This latter group was associated with România Liberă that loosely represented the voice of liberalism and [...] clearly lost the war. This was a battle of ideas and the old forces of Romanian communism used the new press framework, through Adevărul, to discredit opposition forces."<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In 1990, both papers reputedly sold around 1 million copies each day,<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> a pattern attributed to "news deprivation" under communism, and believed by Berry to be "a phenomenal figure in comparison to any leading <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western nation</a>".<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Târgu_Mureș_conflict_and_1990_Mineriad">Târgu Mureș conflict and 1990 Mineriad</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Târgu Mureș conflict and 1990 Mineriad">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg/350px-RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg/525px-RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/RO_B_University_square_rally.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>Protest in downtown Bucharest, 1990</figcaption></figure> In this context, Adevărul advertised that its main purpose was the dissemination of "nothing but the truth", of "exact information".<a href="#cite_note-cm1907-23">[23]</a> The paper however stood out for promoting <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> concepts, which Berry has associated with the survival of previous <a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">national communist</a> themes in FSN discourse.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Such theses acquired particularly controversial representations during the violent <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_clashes_of_T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureş">Târgu Mureș riots</a> of March 1990. Backing the official view according to which the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">ethnic Hungarian community</a> was organizing itself in <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatist</a> struggle, it dedicated space to articles targeting the opposition <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Union of Hungarians</a> (UDMR). Initially, Berry notes, Adevărul reported claims of extremist Hungarians in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> committing <a href="/wiki/Vandalism" title="Vandalism">vandalism</a> against national monuments while acknowledging that the UDMR was not endorsing such acts, but slowly became a tribune for encouraging <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">ethnic Romanians</a> to take action, exclusively presenting its public with politicized and unmitigated information provided by the official agency <a href="/wiki/Rompres" class="mw-redirect" title="Rompres">Rompres</a> and by the Romanian ultra-nationalist group <a href="/wiki/Vatra_Rom%C3%A2neasc%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatra Românească">Vatra Românească</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Its editorials, often based on rumors, included negative portrayals of Hungarians, methods described by Berry as "extremely <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobic</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">unethical</a>" and forms of "political manipulation".<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Adevărul displayed constant hostility toward the <a href="/wiki/Golaniad" title="Golaniad">Golaniad</a> protests in Bucharest, which ranged for much of early 1990, and expressed praise for the <a href="/wiki/Mineriad" title="Mineriad">Mineriad</a> of June 13–15, 1990. During the latter, miners from the <a href="/wiki/Jiu_Valley" title="Jiu Valley">Jiu Valley</a>, instigated by some of the officials, entered Bucharest and quashed the opposition's sit-in. Early on, the gazette called on the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Police" title="Romanian Police">Romanian Police</a> to forcefully evict the Golaniad demonstrators, whom it accused of encouraging "filth" and "promiscuity".<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> It also depicted the Golaniad as a major <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy (political)">conspiracy</a>, mounted against a legitimate government by <a href="/wiki/Neofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neofascism">neofascist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a> groups.<a href="#cite_note-cm1907-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-abevzctp-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Together with the FSN's <a href="/wiki/Azi_(Romanian_newspaper)" title="Azi (Romanian newspaper)">Azi</a>, it commended the pro-government workers at IMGB, the heavy machinery works, who attempted to force out the crowds, depicting it as an answer to alleged student violence against Police operatives.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> When the miners organized a definitive clampdown, depicted in Adevărul as a peaceful takeover, the newspaper was one of the several House of the Free Press operations left untouched by the Mineriad.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> During the following days, it published material praising the miners for reestablishing order,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> while alleging that "their presence was absolutely necessary to annihilate the violence of extremist forces".<a href="#cite_note-cm1907-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> It also popularized false rumors according to which, during their attacks on the opposition <a href="/wiki/National_Peasants%27_Party" title="National Peasants' Party">National Peasant</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal party</a> headquarters, the miners had confiscated weapons, <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_money" title="Counterfeit money">counterfeit money</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">illegal drugs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> In addition to main editor Novăceanu, whose articles were congratulatory of "our miners",<a href="#cite_note-cm1907-23">[23]</a> journalists who praised the Mineriad include <a href="/wiki/Sergiu_Andon" title="Sergiu Andon">Sergiu Andon</a> (future <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Romania)" title="Conservative Party (Romania)">Conservative Party</a> politician), <a href="/wiki/Cristian_Tudor_Popescu" title="Cristian Tudor Popescu">Cristian Tudor Popescu</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corina_Dr%C4%83gotescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corina Drăgotescu (page does not exist)">Corina Drăgotescu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-abevzctp-119">[119]</a> Radical nationalism was observed in several Adevărul articles throughout the FSN period. In one piece of March 22, days after the main Hungarian-Romanian clashes, writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romulus_Vulpescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romulus Vulpescu (page does not exist)">Romulus Vulpescu</a> described the danger of "<a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">irredentism</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthyism</a>", alleging that local Hungarians had assassinated several Romanian peasants.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Vulpescu and other contributors repeatedly made unverifiable claims according to which <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> was directly involved in stirring resentments, allegations also made by the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Television">state-controlled television network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> According to Romanian-born historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radu_Ioanid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radu Ioanid (page does not exist)">Radu Ioanid</a>, in 1990–1991 Adevărul and its opponent <a href="/wiki/Dreptatea" title="Dreptatea">Dreptatea</a> of the anti-FSN National Peasants' Party both "joined the <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-Semitic</a> barrage" of the period, a trend he believes was instigated by the publications of <a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Vadim_Tudor" title="Corneliu Vadim Tudor">Corneliu Vadim Tudor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Constantin_Dr%C4%83gan" title="Iosif Constantin Drăgan">Iosif Constantin Drăgan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Barbu" title="Eugen Barbu">Eugen Barbu</a> (all of them affiliated with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rom%C3%A2nia_Mare_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="România Mare (magazine) (page does not exist)">România Mare</a> magazine).<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Ioanid singled out Adevărul and its collaborator Cristian Tudor Popescu, who, during the July 1991 commemoration of the <a href="/wiki/Ia%C5%9Fi_pogrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Iaşi pogrom">Iași pogrom</a>, attacked writer <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> researchers for having evidenced <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust in Romania">complicity in extermination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In the early 1990s, Adevărul also stood out for its intense <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a> which opposed the return of communist-deposed <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I</a>, and published polemical pieces such as the Fir-ai al naibii, majestate ("Curse You, Your Majesty", written by Andon).<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-abevzctp-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_privatization_years">The privatization years</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The privatization years">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DT_Adevarul.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/DT_Adevarul.JPG/340px-DT_Adevarul.JPG" decoding="async" width="340" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/DT_Adevarul.JPG/510px-DT_Adevarul.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/DT_Adevarul.JPG/680px-DT_Adevarul.JPG 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Adevărul staff in the early to mid-1990s. <a href="/wiki/Dumitru_Tinu" title="Dumitru Tinu">Dumitru Tinu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cristian_Tudor_Popescu" title="Cristian Tudor Popescu">Cristian Tudor Popescu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Ursu" title="Adrian Ursu">Adrian Ursu</a> etc. in the foreground</figcaption></figure> A scandal surfaced in spring 1991, when Adevărul was caught up in the first wave of <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a>, following a decision of the FSN's <a href="/wiki/Petre_Roman" title="Petre Roman">Petre Roman</a> cabinet. A conflict reportedly opposed Novăceanu to Popescu: the latter suspected a secret understanding between Roman and the Adevărul leadership, providing for a facade privatization and transferring financial control to FSN politicians.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> This controversy ended only when Premier Roman appointed Novăceanu as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Ambassador_to_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian Ambassador to Spain (page does not exist)">Romanian Ambassador to Spain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cm1907-23">[23]</a> The Scînteia patrimony was afterward divided between Adevărul and the state.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> In parallel, seeking to consolidate their publications' independence, the writing staff set up a <a href="/wiki/Joint_stock_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint stock company">joint stock company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adev%C4%83rul_Holding" title="Adevărul Holding">Adevărul Holding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-mpquality-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Known initially as SC Adevărul SA, it had its <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> distributed through the "MEBO method" of employee <a href="/wiki/Buyout" title="Buyout">buyouts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-chlmctp-141">[141]</a> As a result, the journalists owned 60% and other employees the other 40%,<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> with a clause forbidding them from selling to outside investors (in effect until 2002).<a href="#cite_note-chlmctp-141">[141]</a> Subsequent trading within the holding and <a href="/wiki/Seasoned_equity_offering" title="Seasoned equity offering">seasoned equity offerings</a> provided the editorial staff with a controlling stock of approx. 30%.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> As part of its business profile, the post-privatization Adevărul also earned criticism for not differentiating between articles and commercial content, publishing covert advertisements as opinion pieces.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-mppowerful-142">[142]</a> Also at that stage, allegations surfaced that, through a firm known as SC Colosal Import-Export, members of the editorial staff, including Andon, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viorel_S%C4%83l%C4%83gean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viorel Sălăgean (page does not exist)">Viorel Sălăgean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dumitru_Tinu" title="Dumitru Tinu">Dumitru Tinu</a>, were handling all the larger advertising revenues.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> Occasionally, nationalist claims produced by Adevărul parted with the policies of FSN's <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic</a> (PSD) successors, particularly in matters relating to social issues and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Romania" title="Economy of Romania">Romania's economy</a>. In June 1993, the gazette attacked the PSD's <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu">Nicolae Văcăroiu</a> cabinet for its privatization measures, claiming that the sale of the <a href="/wiki/Petromin" class="mw-redirect" title="Petromin">Petromin</a> shipping firm to <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> investors was done "at a pittance", and calling on the government to resign.<a href="#cite_note-jb240-143">[143]</a> This campaign, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> political scientist Judy Batt notes, had a "xenophobic tinge", and its appeal "has shaken confidence in the government and eroded its capacity for action."<a href="#cite_note-jb240-143">[143]</a> After the post-Revolution authorities announced their intention to join the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and accepted a <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Romania_to_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Romania to the European Union">monitoring process</a>, the newspaper hosted the first in a long series of <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroskeptic</a> pieces, which generally objected to outside intervention, particularly in the area of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, and were often signed by columnists Popescu and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bogdan_Chireac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bogdan Chireac (page does not exist)">Bogdan Chireac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> British academic and observer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gerard_Gallagher" title="Thomas Gerard Gallagher">Tom Gallagher</a> attributes this attitude to claims of "injured <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In parallel, Adevărul displayed a strong <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> agenda. During those years, the paper published numerous pieces covering Romanian society, which were primarily noted for their sensationalist and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_fear" title="Culture of fear">alarmist</a> headlines, such as a claim, published in 1997, that "a quarter of Romania's children live in institutions".<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In early 1996, Adevărul was noted for criticizing local <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a> promoting <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a>, alleging that, although financed by the European Union's <a href="/wiki/Phare" title="Phare">Phare</a> fund, they only functioned on paper (an attitude which itself earned criticism for <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a>).<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> More debates ensued in March 1998, when Cristian Tudor Popescu published an Adevărul article under the title Femeia nu e om ("The Woman Is Not a Human Being", or "The Woman Is Not a Man"), where he alleged that women cannot think.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Another controversy of the mid-1990s also involved Popescu, criticized for his Adevărul articles which, claiming <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">freedom of thought</a> as their motivation, supported the cause of convicted French <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denier</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Garaudy" title="Roger Garaudy">Roger Garaudy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> A political scandal touched Adevărul some time after the <a href="/wiki/1996_Romanian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Romanian legislative election">1996 legislative election</a>, when the Social Democrats' rivals from the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Democratic_Convention" title="Romanian Democratic Convention">Democratic Convention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)">Democratic Party</a> and other opposition groups formed government. This came after the new <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Romania)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)">Foreign Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Severin" title="Adrian Severin">Adrian Severin</a>, publicly stated being in possession of a list comprising the names of several leading Romanian journalists who were agents of the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Security Service (Russia)">Federal Security Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-miaangamape-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-atsecrete-151">[151]</a> Even though Severin's failure to evidence the claim resulted in his resignation, the list fueled much speculation, including rumors that Dumitru Tinu, by then one of the main Adevărul editors, was one of the people in question.<a href="#cite_note-miaangamape-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-atsecrete-151">[151]</a> The dispute prolonged itself over the following decade, particularly after Tinu's name was again used by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Emil_Constantinescu" title="Emil Constantinescu">Emil Constantinescu</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Romania)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Romania)">Foreign Intelligence Service</a> director <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Talpe%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioan Talpeş">Ioan Talpeș</a> in their recollections of the Severin incident.<a href="#cite_note-atsecrete-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Late_1990s_emancipation">Late 1990s emancipation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Late 1990s emancipation">edit</a>]</div> Various commentators have noted a rise in the newspaper's informative quality later in the 1990s. Among them is British politician and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a> <a href="/wiki/Emma_Nicholson,_Baroness_Nicholson_of_Winterbourne" title="Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne">Emma Nicholson</a>, who followed Romania's political scene throughout the decade. She singled out Adevărul and Romania's other major central daily, <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a>, as "high quality publications".<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Writing in 2002, Romanian media researcher Alex Ulmanu rated Adevărul "the most successful, and arguably the best Romanian daily".<a href="#cite_note-aulandscape-153">[153]</a> Romanian sociologist and political commentator Marian Petcu sees its enduring popularity as the consequence of a "head start", with Adevărul having inherited from Scînteia "the facilities, the subscribers, the raw materials, the headquarters, the superstructure, the network of local correspondents etc."<a href="#cite_note-mpquality-115">[115]</a> He also notes that the newer publication had produced a "less warlike and less <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a>" discourse than those of other dailies, and therefore appealing to a wider audience.<a href="#cite_note-mpquality-115">[115]</a> By 2004, Petcu argues, Adevărul maintained a "balance between a reconciliatory but well documented discourse, on the one hand, and, on the other, the observance of journalistic norms and resistance to the temptation to make compromises."<a href="#cite_note-mpquality-115">[115]</a> According to surveys carried out around 2004, the paper was being perceived as the most credible title.<a href="#cite_note-mpquality-115">[115]</a> Its circulation reached a reported 150,000 copies a day, making it one of at most four local dailies to print more than 100,000, and maintaining its lead over all local newspapers, directly above Evenimentul Zilei and <a href="/wiki/Libertatea" title="Libertatea">Libertatea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aulandscape-153">[153]</a> Other data for 2003 places that number at approx. 200,000, roughly equal to that of Evenimentul Zilei, and ranking above Libertatea and <a href="/wiki/Cotidianul" title="Cotidianul">Cotidianul</a> (with 140,000 and 120,000 copies respectively).<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> According to Evenimentul Zilei, the circulation of Adevărul actually dropped from 200,000 in 1998–2000 to 100,000 in the post-2001 era,<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> whereas <a href="/wiki/External_auditor" title="External auditor">external auditors</a> revealed that, in 2003, it was the fifth most-read newspaper (after <a href="/wiki/Libertatea" title="Libertatea">Libertatea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a>, <a href="/wiki/ProSport" title="ProSport">Pro Sport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Sporturilor" title="Gazeta Sporturilor">Gazeta Sporturilor</a>).<a href="#cite_note-chlmctp-141">[141]</a> Alongside Evenimentul Zilei and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro_Sport_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pro Sport (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Pro Sport</a>, Adevărul was also one of the first Romanian periodicals to take an interest in putting out an <a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">online edition</a> and adopting innovations in <a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">web design</a>, making its site the third most popular of its kind in 2002 (the year of its relaunch).<a href="#cite_note-aulandscape-153">[153]</a> Both Tinu and Popescu helped consolidate their publication's reputation through their numerous television appearances, coming to be seen as leaders of opinion.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> According to Petcu, the public's confidence was what made Adevărul "autonomous from the political power",<a href="#cite_note-mpquality-115">[115]</a> while Nicholson attributes such progress to Popescu, whom she sees as "a journalistic icon".<a href="#cite_note-en66-155">[155]</a> At the end of the transition, Petcu assessed the new Adevărul agenda as one in favor of <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">social security</a> and "fast privatization that would avoid massive <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a>".<a href="#cite_note-mpquality-115">[115]</a> At the time, the paper's panelists also threw their support behind European integration, a change in political orientation illustrated by Chireac's <a href="/wiki/Talk_show" title="Talk show">talk show</a> on <a href="/wiki/Pro_TV" title="Pro TV">Pro TV</a> station, titled Pro Vest ("Pro West").<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> In 2003, Popescu was a co-founder and, after România Liberă editor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petre_Mihai_B%C4%83canu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petre Mihai Băcanu (page does not exist)">Petre Mihai Băcanu</a> withdrew from the race, first president of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Press_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian Press Club (page does not exist)">Romanian Press Club</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">professional association</a> whose mission was setting ethical standards in journalism.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Despite such gestures, the paper continued to withstand accusations that it was itself unprofessional. Ulmanu argued that both Adevărul and its smaller competitor <a href="/wiki/Curentul" title="Curentul">Curentul</a> were examples of press striving to be considered "high quality", but noted: "However, one can still find biased, unprofessional or sensationalist reporting in these papers."<a href="#cite_note-aulandscape-153">[153]</a> Disputes also surround its political agenda of the 2000–2004 period. Like the other mainstream publications, Adevărul supported the PSD-backed <a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2000_Romanian_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Romanian presidential election">presidential election runoff of late 2000</a>, against the ultra-nationalist rival of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party" title="Greater Romania Party">Greater Romania Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Vadim_Tudor" title="Corneliu Vadim Tudor">Corneliu Vadim Tudor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytfears-158">[158]</a> In this context, it notably published a piece questioning Tudor's self-identification as a firm adherent of <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodoxy</a>, suggesting that he presented himself to foreigners as a <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Union of Romania">Baptist Union</a> adherent.<a href="#cite_note-nytfears-158">[158]</a> Opinions vary about the gazette's relationship with the PSD after the <a href="/wiki/2000_Romanian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Romanian legislative election">2000 legislative election</a>, which consecrated the socialists' return in government. Some commentators see Adevărul as a staunch critic of the resulting cabinet and of PSD policy-maker <a href="/wiki/Adrian_N%C4%83stase" title="Adrian Năstase">Adrian Năstase</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ctsubiect-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> However, journalist and academic Manuela Preoteasa highlights the PSD's "pressure on the media", and includes Adevărul among venues which, "apparently critical toward PSD [...] avoided criticizing some of the party leaders".<a href="#cite_note-mppowerful-142">[142]</a> In Marian Petcu's view, Adevărul adopted "a discourse stressing the need for prudence and balance, alternated with criticism of the political power whenever the latter failed to take firm decisions."<a href="#cite_note-mpquality-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Changes_in_management">Changes in management</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Changes in management">edit</a>]</div> Adevărul also consolidated financial transparency, when the new editorial board, extended to include newcomers Chireac, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lelia_Munteanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lelia Munteanu (page does not exist)">Lelia Munteanu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Ursu" title="Adrian Ursu">Adrian Ursu</a>, took over the role of supervisor in matters of advertising.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> In 2001–2003, Tinu purchased most stock owned by his colleagues, and came to own over 70% of the total shares, of which some 10% were purchased from Popescu in exchange for 140,000 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> Suspicions arose that Tinu was being secretly financed in this effort by the <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> businessman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fathi_Taher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fathi Taher (page does not exist)">Fathi Taher</a>, already known for purchasing much advertisement space in Adevărul during the mid-1990s, and receiving additional support from PSD politician and entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Viorel_Hrebenciuc" title="Viorel Hrebenciuc">Viorel Hrebenciuc</a>.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> According to a 2003 analysis in <a href="/wiki/Ziarul_Financiar" title="Ziarul Financiar">Ziarul Financiar</a>, Adevărul was considered for purchase by the French group <a href="/wiki/Hachette_(publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette (publishing)">Hachette</a>, and later by a <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> conglomerate.<a href="#cite_note-chlmctp-141">[141]</a> In 2003, Tinu died in a car crash. The circumstances of his death, especially the technical details and the alleged financial benefits for third-parties, raised much speculation that he had been in fact murdered.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-atsecrete-151">[151]</a> His estate, including his majority stock, was inherited by his daughter, Ana-Maria, but her ownership was contested by the Iucinu family (his secret mistress and her son by Tinu).<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> Their interests were defended in court by former panelist Andon, owner of some 2% of the stock.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> The editorial board's opposition to the administrative reshuffling proposed by Ana-Maria Tinu also created a lengthy conflict, and prevented her from assuming administrative control of the paper.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> It was alleged that, at the time of his death, Tinu was considering <a href="/wiki/Rebranding" title="Rebranding">rebranding</a> and restructuring,<a href="#cite_note-chlmctp-141">[141]</a> and that, in 2004, the newspaper's profits were only 9% of its total income.<a href="#cite_note-evzadev-114">[114]</a> A major crisis took place in 2005, when Popescu resigned from the board and was followed by 50 of his colleagues, all of whom set up a new daily, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndul" title="Gândul">Gândul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-en66-155">[155]</a> In one of his last Adevărul pieces, titled Atacul guzganului rozaliu ("The Attack of the Pink Rat"), Popescu accused Hrebenciuc of having imposed his control on the newspaper during the <a href="/wiki/2004_Romanian_local_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Romanian local election">local elections of 2004</a>, when he allegedly pressured journalists not to criticize the PSD Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Bac%C4%83u" title="Bacău">Bacău</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumitru_Sechelariu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumitru Sechelariu (page does not exist)">Dumitru Sechelariu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ctpguzg-161">[161]</a> Also according to Popescu, Hrebenciuc had urged him and his colleagues to feature more negative and less positive coverage of the PSD rival and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)">Democratic Party</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2004_Romanian_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Romanian presidential election">presidential suffrage of November 2004</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ctpguzg-161">[161]</a> Atacul guzganului rozaliu also alleged that Ana-Maria Tinu had an understanding with the PSD politician, and her rebranding of Adevărul was Hrebenciuc's attempt to undermine its political independence.<a href="#cite_note-ctpguzg-161">[161]</a> According to writer and analyst <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristian_Teodorescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristian Teodorescu (page does not exist)">Cristian Teodorescu</a>, the "pink rat" label stuck, and Hrebenciuc's influence on the newspaper suffered as a result.<a href="#cite_note-ctsubiect-159">[159]</a> Although Gândul attracted a large following during a number of months, turning a profit in the first month, Adevărul survived the shock. A similar crisis with similar outcomes had affected its rival Evenimentul Zilei in 2004, when the policies of new owners <a href="/wiki/Ringier" title="Ringier">Ringier</a> forced the resignation of editor <a href="/wiki/Cornel_Nistorescu" title="Cornel Nistorescu">Cornel Nistorescu</a> and the migration of many staff members toward Cotidianul. Nicholson attributes the survival in both cases to the value of a well-established brand.<a href="#cite_note-en66-155">[155]</a> In 2006, Ana-Maria Tinu sold her share of Adevărul Holding to one of Romania's richest entrepreneurs, the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Dinu_Patriciu" title="Dinu Patriciu">Dinu Patriciu</a>, her move hotly contested by Tinu's son Andrei Iucinu, who looked set to gain a third of the stock and <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> ownership upon the end of a trial.<a href="#cite_note-mvmegainv-162">[162]</a> Patriciu's decisions, including his appointment of a new managerial team, were resisted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corina_Dr%C4%83gotescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corina Drăgotescu (page does not exist)">Corina Drăgotescu</a>, who resigned and left the newspaper in November 2006.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> According to data made available by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian Audit Bureau of Circulations (page does not exist)">Romanian Audit Bureau of Circulations</a>, the newspaper's circulation for 2008 ranged between a minimum monthly average of 37,248 copies in January and a maximum one of 109,442 in December.<a href="#cite_note-bratadev-164">[164]</a> In 2009, the minimum was at 81,388 and the maximum at 150,061.<a href="#cite_note-bratadev-164">[164]</a> A 2009 article in the rival newspaper <a href="/w/index.php?title=Financiarul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Financiarul (page does not exist)">Financiarul</a> suggested that Adevărul was being neglected by Patriciu, who invested more in the holding (allegedly in hopes of undermining a trademark which he risked losing, while elevating the publications not affected by Iucinu's claim).<a href="#cite_note-mvmegainv-162">[162]</a> However, by mid-2011, even as Romania's print media experienced major setbacks, the paper expanded in content and the holding enlarged its portfolio.<a href="#cite_note-accumsta-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-2000_editorial_policy_and_controversies">Post-2000 editorial policy and controversies</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Post-2000 editorial policy and controversies">edit</a>]</div> Despite the changes in attitude and management, some of the post-2000 editions of Adevărul remained controversial for their nationalist claims. This was primarily the case of statements it made in regard to the <a href="/wiki/Roma_minority_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma minority in Romania">Romani minority</a>, over which it has been repeatedly accused of <a href="/wiki/Antiziganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiziganism">antiziganism</a>. In early 2002, the gazette reacted strongly against an advertisement for a soccer match between the <a href="/wiki/Romania_national_football_team" title="Romania national football team">Romania team</a> and the <a href="/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France national team</a>, where the former was being portrayed as a violinist.<a href="#cite_note-db98-166">[166]</a> Adevărul saw this as an attempt to insult Romanians by associating them with <a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani music</a>, concluding: "Our French 'brothers' never stop offending us, and they seem to enjoy treating us like gypsies".<a href="#cite_note-db98-166">[166]</a> A November 2008 article, which claimed to be based on a reportage piece first published in <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>, depicted Romani Romanians as a leading demographic group within <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> networks.<a href="#cite_note-vnenemy-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-mthaluc-168">[168]</a> The article was condemned by <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a> observers, who uncovered that Adevărul had modified and editorialized the original piece, which actually spoke of the <a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_Spain" title="Romanians in Spain">Romanian immigrant population</a>, without any mention of ethnicity.<a href="#cite_note-vnenemy-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-mthaluc-168">[168]</a> An analysis made by researchers Isabela Merilă and Michaela Praisler found that, in contrast to Evenimentul Zilei, Adevărul had a <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> bias in reporting on the rise of <a href="/wiki/Romanian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian hip hop">Romanian hip hop</a>, which it related to negative social phenomena (violence, drug use), and against which it favored a degree of censorship.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Colecția Adevărul, the post-2008 book collection issued with the newspaper, has itself been at the center of a controversy. Two trials were opened on charges of <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarism</a>, after the collection issued works by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vintil%C4%83_Corbul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vintilă Corbul (page does not exist)">Vintilă Corbul</a>, allegedly without respecting the <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_in_Romania" title="Intellectual property in Romania">authorship rights</a> of original translators.<a href="#cite_note-dtotilia-170">[170]</a> Another such conflict was sparked in April 2009, opposing Colecția Adevărul to Biblioteca pentru toți ("Everyman's Library"), a similar book series issued by the rivals at <a href="/wiki/Jurnalul_Na%C5%A3ional" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurnalul Naţional">Jurnalul Național</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Editura_Litera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Editura Litera (page does not exist)">Editura Litera</a>. This came after Adevărul went ahead of Biblioteca pentru toți in reissuing <a href="/wiki/George_C%C4%83linescu" title="George Călinescu">George Călinescu</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enigma_Otiliei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enigma Otiliei (page does not exist)">Enigma Otiliei</a> novel.<a href="#cite_note-dtotilia-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-mfholding-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-mfinst-172">[172]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_C%C4%83linescu_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Călinescu Institute (page does not exist)">George Călinescu Institute</a>, which claims the copyright to Călinescu's books, joined Editura Litera in a lawsuit against Adevărul.<a href="#cite_note-mfinst-172">[172]</a> In reply, Adevărul accused Jurnalul Național itself of having usurped the Biblioteca pentru toți brand, previously owned by <a href="/wiki/Editura_Minerva" title="Editura Minerva">Editura Minerva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dtotilia-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-mfholding-171">[171]</a> It also spoke out against <a href="/wiki/Antena_1_(Romania)" title="Antena 1 (Romania)">Antena 1</a>, a television station which, like Jurnalul Național, is owned by <a href="/wiki/Intact_(group_of_companies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intact (group of companies)">Intact Group</a>, accusing it of mudslinging.<a href="#cite_note-mfholding-171">[171]</a> In the months leading up to the <a href="/wiki/2009_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2009 Romanian presidential election">2009 presidential election</a>, Adevărul launched a special nation-wide <a href="/wiki/Advertising_campaign" title="Advertising campaign">advertising campaign</a>, announcing that it was reducing to a minimum its coverage of the political scene and would not host <a href="/wiki/Campaign_advertising" title="Campaign advertising">campaign ads</a>, directly appealing to people who were declaring themselves disgusted with the election process. The initiative was covered by journalist Gabriel Giurgiu in the cultural magazine <a href="/wiki/Dilema_Veche" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilema Veche">Dilema Veche</a>, which is also part of the Adevărul Holding. Giurgiu's article was a mixed review: it argued that the reaction was understandable, but "regrettable", because it carried the risk of glamorizing <a href="/wiki/Voter_fatigue" title="Voter fatigue">voter fatigue</a> and depriving society of "a necessary burden."<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hotnews.ro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotnews.ro">Hotnews.ro</a> owner and columnist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_T%C4%83palag%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Tăpalagă (page does not exist)">Dan Tăpalagă</a> placed this stance in connection to Dinu Patriciu's publicized adversity toward incumbent President Băsescu. In his view, Patriciu stood alongside Intact Group owner <a href="/wiki/Dan_Voiculescu" title="Dan Voiculescu">Dan Voiculescu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Realitatea-Ca%C5%A3avencu" class="mw-redirect" title="Realitatea-Caţavencu">Realitatea-Cațavencu</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sorin_Ovidiu_V%C3%A2ntu" title="Sorin Ovidiu Vântu">Sorin Ovidiu Vântu</a> as one of the "media moguls" working to prevent Băsescu' reelection. Alluding to the newspaper's promotional offers of cartoon classics on <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> and popular novels, Tăpalagă concluded: "[Adevărul] readers must be forcefully kept away from politics, perhaps kept busy with <a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry" title="Tom and Jerry">Tom and Jerry</a>. Forcefully saturated of politics, the citizen in Patriciu's dreams gobbles up the personal governments concocted together with Voiculescu and Vântu, reads approximate literature and watches animated cartoons."<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> However, similar criticism of Adevărul was also voiced from within Realitatea-Cațavencu. <a href="/wiki/Cornel_Nistorescu" title="Cornel Nistorescu">Cornel Nistorescu</a>, the new editor of Cotidianul, called the promotion "<a href="/wiki/Lobotomy" title="Lobotomy">lobotomizing</a>", and, contrary to Tapalagă, suggested that it had been induced by President Băsescu, to whom he attributed the power of ordering Patriciu's arrest on allegations of <a href="/wiki/White-collar_crime" title="White-collar crime">white-collar crime</a>: "It is as if Traian Băsescu had sent him the message: write one more line about me, and you'll be spending another week in the big house!"<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Another Cotidianul contributor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Costi_Rogozanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Costi Rogozanu (page does not exist)">Costi Rogozanu</a>, referred to the Adevărul message as "a strange manipulation" and "a dangerous invitation to carelessness", noting that Romanian society was becoming divided between openly partisan media outlets and venues that avoided all mention of politics.<a href="#cite_note-crromamerik-176">[176]</a> Additionally, the newspaper became focused on exploring the history of Romanian communism, and ran exposes on the <a href="/wiki/Ceau%C5%9Fescu_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceauşescu family">Ceaușescu family</a>. This interest (seen by Rogozanu as obsessive)<a href="#cite_note-crromamerik-176">[176]</a> was criticized as sensationalist, particularly after Adevărul circulated claims that the former dictator had been a youthful homosexual.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011_crisis">2011 crisis</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 2011 crisis">edit</a>]</div> Several months after the elections, in mid-2010, the issue of editorial policies came up again, as a group of panelists walked out from the daily, citing worries that Dinu Patriciu was imposing his own agenda. Although initially supportive of this move, some, most notably <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigore_Cartianu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigore Cartianu (page does not exist)">Grigore Cartianu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovidiu_Nahoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ovidiu Nahoi (page does not exist)">Ovidiu Nahoi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Halpert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Halpert (page does not exist)">Adrian Halpert</a>, revised their decision and stayed on with Adevărul.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Under new management, Adevărul also acquired a new core group of columnists, including Patriciu himself. The owner's opinion pieces illustrate his commitment to <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarianism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a>, which have little echo inside his own National Liberal Party.<a href="#cite_note-accumsta-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> The other authors stood for a wide range of opinions, including anti-Patriciu stances.<a href="#cite_note-accumsta-165">[165]</a> In February 2011, Adevărul even hosted an extended political debate between Patriciu and another columnist, the former cabinet minister and Băsescu advisor <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Ple%C5%9Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrei Pleşu">Andrei Pleșu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In December, Pleșu gave up his column in Adevărul, citing the accumulated frustration of working under an (unnamed) editor.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Romanian media pioneer <a href="/wiki/Ion_Cristoiu" title="Ion Cristoiu">Ion Cristoiu</a> made news in 2012, when he was in the unique position of writing for both Adevărul and rival Evenimentul Zilei.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> In May 2011, Patriciu transferred 99.92% of Adevărul Holding stocks to another firm in his portfolio, Fast Europe Media N.V. (registered in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>).<a href="#cite_note-gdvinde-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-tvrvandut-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Patriciu himself justified the move as an opener of the <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern European</a> markets,<a href="#cite_note-gdvinde-183">[183]</a> but analysts have also seen in this an attempt to capitalize on the <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax_in_the_Netherlands" title="Corporate tax in the Netherlands">Dutch corporate tax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tvrvandut-184">[184]</a> The effects of <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> were felt throughout Romanian mass-media, putting a check on Adevărul growth, and stabilizing its circulation at some 30,000 copies per issue.<a href="#cite_note-icsubiect-186">[186]</a> An advertising campaign for the newspaper, managed through Patriciu's firm Odyssey Communication, failed to reverse that trend, and Odyssey itself registered for bankruptcy.<a href="#cite_note-icsubiect-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-adevredac-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adevredac_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-adevredac_1-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/redactia.html#adevarul-holding">Redacția</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090412004742/http://www.adevarul.ro/redactia.html#adevarul-holding">Archived</a> April 12, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/">Adevărul official site</a>; retrieved April 18, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/financiar/media/Adevarul_Moldova-_a_pornit_cu_toate_panzele_sus_0_385762047.html">"Adevărul Moldova a pornit cu toate pânzele sus"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101210164311/http://www.adevarul.ro/financiar/media/Adevarul_Moldova-_a_pornit_cu_toate_panzele_sus_0_385762047.html">Archived</a> December 10, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Adevărul, December 7, 2010; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economie.hotnews.ro/stiri-media_publicitate-8095366-scurt-adevarul-holding-lanseaza-adevarul-moldova-contracteaza-credit-42-milioane-lei-ioana-lupea-mircea-marian-locul-lui-radu-moraru.htm">"Pe scurt: Adevărul Holding lansează Adevărul Moldova şi contractează un credit de 42 de milioane lei. Ioana Lupea şi Mircea Marian în locul lui Radu Moraru"</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Hotnews.ro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotnews.ro">Hotnews.ro</a>, December 3, 2010; retrieved December 27, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/patriciu-spune-noapte-buna-adevarului-de-seara-929662.html">"Noapte bună, Adevărul de seară! Trustul are datorii"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a>, May 11, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftpovestea-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpovestea_4-11">l</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/povestea-fondatorului-ziarului-adev-rul.html">"Povestea fondatorului ziarului Adevĕrul"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406034457/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/povestea-fondatorului-ziarului-adev-rul.html">Archived</a> April 6, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Adevărul, December 16, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftparinte-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftparinte_5-22">w</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/parintele-ziaristicii-romane-moderne.html">"Părintele ziaristicii române moderne"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406070444/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/parintele-ziaristicii-romane-moderne.html">Archived</a> April 6, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Adevărul, December 21, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftpremiere-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpremiere_6-14">o</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120730034200/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/adev-rul-ziarul-premierelor.html">"Adevĕrul, ziarul premierelor"</a>, in Adevărul, December 23, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftbucuresti-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftbucuresti_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftbucuresti_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftbucuresti_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftbucuresti_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftbucuresti_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftbucuresti_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftbucuresti_7-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftbucuresti_7-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftbucuresti_7-8">i</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/adev-rul-la-bucuresti.html">"Adevĕrul la București"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221031631/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/adev-rul-la-bucuresti.html">Archived</a> February 21, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Adevărul, December 17, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftcampanii-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftcampanii_8-14">o</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/campaniile-adev-rul.html">"Campaniile Adevĕrului"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218110201/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/campaniile-adev-rul.html">Archived</a> December 18, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Adevărul, December 18, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Pârvulescu, p.115 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftderanj-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftderanj_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftderanj_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftderanj_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftderanj_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftderanj_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftderanj_10-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftderanj_10-6">g</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/adev-rul-deranjeaza.html">"Adevĕrul deranjează"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219081510/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/adev-rul-deranjeaza.html">Archived</a> February 19, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Adevărul, December 19, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Pârvulescu, p.115-116 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftrecord-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftrecord_12-12">m</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120717003634/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/recordurile-adev-rului.html">"Recordurile Adevĕrului"</a>, in Adevărul, December 24, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftpalatul-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftpalatul_13-12">m</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/povestea-fondatorului-ziarului-adev-rul.html">"Palatul de pe Sărindar, mărire și decădere"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406034457/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/povestea-fondatorului-ziarului-adev-rul.html">Archived</a> April 6, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Adevărul, December 27, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftviata-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftviata_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftviata_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftviata_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftviata_14-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftviata_14-4">e</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/povesti-din-viata-adev-rului.html">"Povești din viața Adevĕrului"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090418013032/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/povesti-din-viata-adev-rului.html">Archived</a> April 18, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Adevărul, December 31, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftscriit-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftscriit_15-17">r</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/scriitorii-de-la-adev-rul.html">"Scriitorii de la Adevĕrul"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090427072852/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/scriitorii-de-la-adev-rul.html">Archived</a> April 27, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Adevărul, December 30, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Simu%C8%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ion Simuț (page does not exist)">Ion Simuț</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romlit.ro/caragiale_n_tradiia_interviului">"Caragiale în tradiţia interviului"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806232946/http://www.romlit.ro/caragiale_n_tradiia_interviului">Archived</a> 2011-08-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Literar%C4%83" title="România Literară">România Literară</a>, Nr. 9/2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Vasile Niculae, "Liga votului universal", in <a href="/wiki/Magazin_Istoric" title="Magazin Istoric">Magazin Istoric</a>, August 1973, p.72-73 </li> <li id="cite_note-100sd12-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-100sd12_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-100sd12_18-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fisd.ro/PDF/110ani.pdf">110 ani de social-democraţie în România</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100601084430/http://www.fisd.ro/PDF/110ani.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-06-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> & Ovidiu Şincai Social Democratic Institute release, Bucharest, July 9, 2003, p.12; retrieved April 18, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> (in Romanian) Victor Durnea, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romlit.ro/nceputurile_publicistice_ale_lui_constantin_stere">"Începuturile publicistice ale lui Constantin Stere"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090422214557/http://romlit.ro/nceputurile_publicistice_ale_lui_constantin_stere">Archived</a> 2009-04-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Literar%C4%83" title="România Literară">România Literară</a>, Nr. 45/2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-zocapitala-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zocapitala_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zocapitala_20-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/wiki/Z._Ornea" class="mw-redirect" title="Z. Ornea">Z. Ornea</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romlit.ro/capitala_de_odinioar">"Capitala de odinioară"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095905/http://www.romlit.ro/capitala_de_odinioar">Archived</a> 2014-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Literar%C4%83" title="România Literară">România Literară</a>, Nr. 13/2001 </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Gheorghe Unc, "1896 — Insurecția filipineză și ecourile ei în România", in <a href="/wiki/Magazin_Istoric" title="Magazin Istoric">Magazin Istoric</a>, February 1975, p.49 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftzbucium-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftzbucium_22-15">p</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/istorie-zbuciumata-in-anii-interbelici.html">"Istorie zbuciumată în anii interbelici"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090129225642/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/istorie-zbuciumata-in-anii-interbelici.html">Archived</a> January 29, 2009, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, in Adevărul, December 28, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-cm1907-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cm1907_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cm1907_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cm1907_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cm1907_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cm1907_23-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cm1907_23-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cm1907_23-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cm1907_23-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cm1907_23-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cm1907_23-9">j</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Mihuleac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cătălin Mihuleac (page does not exist)">Cătălin Mihuleac</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://convorbiri-literare.dntis.ro/MIHULEACapr7.html">" '1907' și '1989' – două mari manipulări prin presă"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080123144043/http://convorbiri-literare.dntis.ro/MIHULEACapr7.html">Archived</a> 2008-01-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Convorbiri_Literare" title="Convorbiri Literare">Convorbiri Literare</a>, April 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Pârvulescu, p.116 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Ionescu, p.215-216 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Ionescu, p.229-234 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Sandqvist, p.70, 72 </li> <li id="cite_note-mpjurnaliste-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mpjurnaliste_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpjurnaliste_28-1">b</a> (in Romanian) Marian Petcu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jurnalismsicomunicare.eu/rrjc/gratis/23_2006_petcu_jurnaliste_uitate.pdf">"Jurnaliste şi publiciste uitate"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720163817/http://www.jurnalismsicomunicare.eu/rrjc/gratis/23_2006_petcu_jurnaliste_uitate.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">University of Bucharest</a> Faculty of Journalism's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jurnalismsicomunicare.eu/rrjc/">Revista Română de Jurnalism şi Comunicare</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720163851/http://www.jurnalismsicomunicare.eu/rrjc/">Archived</a> July 20, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Nr. 2-3/2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Pryce-Jones" title="David Pryce-Jones">David Pryce-Jones</a>, Betrayal: France, the Arabs, and the Jews, <a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a>, New York City, 2008, p.28. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59403-220-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59403-220-2">978-1-59403-220-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Final Report, p.27 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Voicu, p.146 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Voicu, p.146-147 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Voicu, p.147-148 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Bulei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ion Bulei (page does not exist)">Ion Bulei</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/ziarul-de-duminica/421-nu-11-000-3047758/">"421, nu 11.000"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ziarul_Financiar" title="Ziarul Financiar">Ziarul Financiar</a>, February 2, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-acrasc-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acrasc_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-acrasc_35-1">b</a> (in Romanian) Anton Caragea, "Răscoală sau complot?", in <a href="/wiki/Magazin_Istoric" title="Magazin Istoric">Magazin Istoric</a>, January 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-stamoral1-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stamoral1_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stamoral1_36-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Stelian_T%C4%83nase" title="Stelian Tănase">Stelian Tănase</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sferapoliticii.ro/sfera/136/art11-arhiva.html">"N.D. Cocea, un boier amoral/N.D. Cocea, an Immoral Boyar" (I)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180912110918/http://www.sferapoliticii.ro/sfera/136/art11-arhiva.html">Archived</a> 2018-09-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sfera_Politicii" title="Sfera Politicii">Sfera Politicii</a>, Nr. 136 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eerban_Cioculescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Şerban Cioculescu">Şerban Cioculescu</a>, Caragialiana, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Editura_Eminescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Editura Eminescu (page does not exist)">Editura Eminescu</a>, Bucharest, 1974, p.28-29. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6890267">6890267</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-gpproces-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gpproces_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpproces_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpproces_38-2">c</a> (in Romanian) G. Pienescu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romlit.ro/un_proces_care_nu_a_avut_loc_dect_pe_hrtie">"Un proces care nu a avut loc decât pe hârtie"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728051005/http://www.romlit.ro/un_proces_care_nu_a_avut_loc_dect_pe_hrtie">Archived</a> 2011-07-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Literar%C4%83" title="România Literară">România Literară</a>, Nr. 24/2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Boia, p.95 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Hartmut Gagelmann, Nicolae Bretan, His Life, His Music, Pendragon Press, Hillsdale, 2000, p.20, 73. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57647-021-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57647-021-0">1-57647-021-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Sandqvist, p.242 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Ion Babici, "Octombrie 1910. Portugalia se proclamă republică", in <a href="/wiki/Magazin_Istoric" title="Magazin Istoric">Magazin Istoric</a>, October 1975, p.39-40 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> (in Romanian) Adrian Majuru, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/ziarul-de-duminica/despre-un-razboi-mai-putin-cunoscut-i-3093719/">"Despre un război mai puţin cunoscut (I)"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ziarul_Financiar" title="Ziarul Financiar">Ziarul Financiar</a>, May 9, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> (in Romanian) Adrian Majuru, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/ziarul-de-duminica/despre-un-razboi-mai-putin-cunoscut-ii-3092880/">"Despre un război mai puţin cunoscut (II)"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ziarul_Financiar" title="Ziarul Financiar">Ziarul Financiar</a>, May 16, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Boia, p.90-91, 93, 95, 107, 114, 198, 210, 272; Torrey, p.5, 18-19, 24-27 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Boia, p.93-100, 333-337 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Boia, p.90-91, 96, 200-201 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Boia, p.198 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Boia, p.107 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Seton-Watson" title="Hugh Seton-Watson">Hugh Seton-Watson</a>, Christopher Seton-Watson, The Making of a New Europe. R. W. Seton-Watson and the Last Years of Austria-Hungary, <a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen Publishing</a>, London, 1981, p.114-115. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-416-74730-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-416-74730-2">0-416-74730-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-dhgerman-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dhgerman_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dhgerman_51-1">b</a> Dumitru Hîncu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plural-magazine.com/article_the-german-in-romanian-mentality.html">"The German in Romanian Mentality"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320230830/http://www.plural-magazine.com/article_the-german-in-romanian-mentality.html">Archived</a> March 20, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Cultural_Institute" title="Romanian Cultural Institute">Romanian Cultural Institute</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plural-magazine.com/">Plural Magazine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321152817/http://www.plural-magazine.com/">Archived</a> March 21, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Nr. 27/2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Torrey, p.5 </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Torrey, p.18-19 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Torrey, p.24 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Torrey, p.25 </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> (in French) <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/francais/rakovsky/works/soc_guerre/reponse.htm">Les socialistes et la guerre</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Marxists_Internet_Archive" title="Marxists Internet Archive">Marxists Internet Archive</a>; retrieved April 18, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Boia, p.200-201, 316 </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Boia, p.339, 342-344 </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> (in Romanian) Radu Racoviţan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://istorie.ulbsibiu.ro/cercetare/Texte/Partide%20politice%203.pdf">"R.W. Seton-Watson şi problema minorităţilor în România interbelică"</a>, in Vasile Ciobanu, Sorin Radu (eds.), Partide politice şi minorităţi naţionale din România în secolul XX, Vol. III, <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Blaga_University_of_Sibiu" title="Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu">Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu</a> & Techno Media, Sibiu, 2008, p.147, 148, 162. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-7865-99-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-7865-99-1">978-973-7865-99-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc135-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pc135_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc135_60-1">b</a> Cernat, p.135 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Bucur, p.263 </li> <li id="cite_note-agbrunea-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agbrunea_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-agbrunea_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-agbrunea_62-2">c</a> Alexandru Gruian, "Brunea-Fox: Saltul la realitate", in <a href="/wiki/Dilema_Veche" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilema Veche">Dilema Veche</a>, Nr. 418: Dosar: Starea reportajului, February 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-ftinterzis-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftinterzis_63-13">n</a> (in Romanian) Florentina Tone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/adev-rul-interzis-de-comunisti.html">"Adevĕrul, interzis de comunişti"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503045606/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/adev-rul-interzis-de-comunisti.html">Archived</a> May 3, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Adevărul, December 29, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Tismăneanu, p.300 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Ornea (1995), p.245, 392, 402, 459-465; Veiga, p.94 </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Clark, p.305-306 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihai_Gafi%C5%A3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihai Gafiţa (page does not exist)">Mihai Gafiţa</a>, "Tabel cronologic", in <a href="/wiki/Cezar_Petrescu" title="Cezar Petrescu">Cezar Petrescu</a>, Întunecare, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Editura_pentru_literatur%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Editura pentru literatură (page does not exist)">Editura pentru literatură</a>, 1966, p.XXXII. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15263256">15263256</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> (in Romanian) Mircea Popa, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uab.ro/reviste_recunoscute/index.php?cale=2006">"George Mihail Zamfirescu"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304170806/http://www.uab.ro/reviste_recunoscute/index.php?cale=2006">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/1_Decembrie_1918_University,_Alba_Iulia" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia">December 1 University of Alba Iulia</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uab.ro/reviste_recunoscute/index.php?cale=philologica">Philologica Yearbook</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230900/http://www.uab.ro/reviste_recunoscute/index.php?cale=philologica">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2006, I, p.30 </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Domnica Macri, "Un fotograf român în National Geographic", in <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Magazine">National Geographic Magazine</a> Romanian edition, June 2008, p.39 </li> <li id="cite_note-ebfoto-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ebfoto_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebfoto_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebfoto_70-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebfoto_70-3">d</a> (in Romanian) Emanuel Bădescu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/ziarul-de-duminica/fotografi-din-romania-interbelica-3104263/">"Fotografi din România interbelică"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ziarul_Financiar" title="Ziarul Financiar">Ziarul Financiar</a>, February 15, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Cernat, p.73-77 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Cernat, p.73, 127-128 </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Sandqvist, p.178, 180 </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> (in Romanian) Adriana Dumitran, "Prezenţa Casei Regale în programele Radiodifuziunii Române în perioada interbelică", in the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Romania" title="National Library of Romania">National Library of Romania</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibnat.ro/dyn-doc/REVBNR-2-2006.pdf">Revista Bibliotecii Naţionale</a>, Nr. 2/2006, p.32-36 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Cernat, p.316 </li> <li id="cite_note-Cernat,_p.331-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cernat,_p.331_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cernat,_p.331_76-1">b</a> Cernat, p.331 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> (in Romanian) Iordan Datcu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romlit.ro/lazr_ineanu">"Lazăr Şăineanu"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728052348/http://www.romlit.ro/lazr_ineanu">Archived</a> 2011-07-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Literar%C4%83" title="România Literară">România Literară</a>, Nr. 15/2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Cernat, p.348 </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> (in Romanian) Bianca Burţa-Cernat, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.observatorcultural.ro/Femeile-intre-ele-in-1937*articleID_14072-articles_details.html">" 'Femeile între ele' în 1937"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Observator_Cultural" title="Observator Cultural">Observator Cultural</a>, Nr. 290, October 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-cuygrec-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cuygrec_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cuygrec_80-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornel_Ungureanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornel Ungureanu (page does not exist)">Cornel Ungureanu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistaorizont.ro/arhiva/august2007.pdf">"Între Dr. Ygrec şi Dr. Eliade, Dr. Broch"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003075459/http://www.revistaorizont.ro/arhiva/august2007.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-10-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Orizont" title="Orizont">Orizont</a>, Nr. 8/2007, p.2 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Livezeanu, p.253-255 </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Veiga, p.69. See also Butaru, p.92-93 </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Veiga, p.76, 94 </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Livezeanu, p.283 </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Giuseppe Motta, Le minoranze nel XX secolo: dallo stato nazionale all'integrazione europea, FrancoAngeli, Milan, 2006, p.109. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-464-8129-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-464-8129-0">978-88-464-8129-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Ornea (1995), p.63 </li> <li id="cite_note-vsacoltenii-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vsacoltenii_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vsacoltenii_87-1">b</a> (in Romanian) Vlad Stoicescu, Andrei Crăciun, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/articole/detalii-articol/800695/Oltenii-quotpericol-socialquot/">"Oltenii, 'pericol social' "</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201190914/http://www.evz.ro/articole/detalii-articol/800695/Oltenii-quotpericol-socialquot/">Archived</a> February 1, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a>, April 26, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Litván, p.248-249 </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Litván, p.252-253 </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Litván, p.407 </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Alfred D. Low, The Anschluss Movement, 1918–1919, and the Paris Peace Conference, <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>, Philadelphia, 1974, p.356. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87169-103-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87169-103-5">0-87169-103-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Giuseppe Motta, Un rapporto difficile: Romania e Stati Uniti nel periodo interbellico, FrancoAngeli, Milan, 2006, p.113. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-464-8012-0" title="Special:BookSources/88-464-8012-0">88-464-8012-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Livezeanu, p.96, 163 </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Bucur, p.201-202, 204-205, 263-264 </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Bucur, p.201-202 </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Butaru, p.27, 209, 312, 325 </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Bucur" title="Maria Bucur">Maria Bucur</a>, "Romania", in Kevin Passmore (ed.), Women, Gender, and Fascism in Europe, 1919-45, <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>, Manchester, 2003, p.72. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-6617-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-6617-4">0-7190-6617-4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Clark, p.353 </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Ornea (1995), p.245 </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Kemal_H._Karpat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemal H. Karpat">Kemal H. Karpat</a>, "The Memoirs of N. Batzaria: The Young Turks and Nationalism", in Studies on Ottoman Social and Political History, <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>, Leiden, Boston & Cologne, 2002, p.564. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-12101-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-12101-3">90-04-12101-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Hans-Christian Maner, Parlamentarismus in Rumänien (1930–1940): Demokratie im autoritären Umfeld, R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich, 1997, p.323-324. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-486-56329-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-486-56329-7">3-486-56329-7</a>; Valentin Săndulescu, "La puesta en escena del martirio: La vida política de dos cadáveres. El entierro de los líderes rumanos legionarios Ion Moţa y Vasile Marin en febrero de 1937", in Jesús Casquete, Rafael Cruz (eds.), Políticas de la muerte. Usos y abusos del ritual fúnebre en la Europa del siglo XX, Catarata, Madrid, 2009, p.260, 264. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8319-418-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8319-418-8">978-84-8319-418-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-zo459465-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zo459465_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zo459465_102-1">b</a> Ornea (1995), p.459-465 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Final Report, p.40-41, 91-92; Ornea (1995), p.392, 402. See also Butaru, p.272 </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Final Report, p.94-95 </li> <li id="cite_note-gbuzp1919-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gbuzp1919_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gbuzp1919_105-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=G._Br%C4%83tescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. Brătescu (page does not exist)">G. Brătescu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://js.mesagerul.ro/2009/12/11/uniunea-ziaristilor-profesionisti-1919-2009">"Uniunea Ziariştilor Profesionişti, 1919–2009. Compendiu aniversar"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927200143/http://js.mesagerul.ro/2009/12/11/uniunea-ziaristilor-profesionisti-1919-2009">Archived</a> September 27, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Mesagerul de Bistriţa-Năsăud, December 11, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Final Report, p.92; Ornea (1995), p.402 </li> <li id="cite_note-ildec1947-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ildec1947_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ildec1947_107-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ildec1947_107-2">c</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_L%C4%83cust%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Lăcustă (page does not exist)">Ioan Lăcustă</a>, "În București, acum 50 de ani. Decembrie 1947", in <a href="/wiki/Magazin_Istoric" title="Magazin Istoric">Magazin Istoric</a>, December 1947 </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> (in Romanian) Doris Mironescu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revista22.ro/bucurestiul-cultural-nr-108--m-blecher-si-orasul-de-provincie-fotograme-dintro-realitate-ideologica-11102.html">"M. Blecher şi oraşul de provincie: fotograme dintr-o realitate ideologică"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044619/http://www.revista22.ro/bucurestiul-cultural-nr-108--m-blecher-si-orasul-de-provincie-fotograme-dintro-realitate-ideologica-11102.html">Archived</a> 2014-08-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Revista_22" title="Revista 22">Revista 22</a>, Nr. 1118, August 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Vasile, p.78 </li> <li id="cite_note-cv127-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cv127_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv127_110-1">b</a> Vasile, p.127 </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Partly rendered in Vasile, p.78 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Berry, p.39, 54; Tismăneanu, p.357-358 </li> <li id="cite_note-acavatars-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acavatars_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-acavatars_113-1">b</a> (in French) <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nec.ro/fundatia/nec/publications/nation.pdf">"Les avatars d'une 'nation ex-communiste': un regard sur l'historiographie roumaine recente"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914113908/http://www.nec.ro/fundatia/nec/publications/nation.pdf">Archived</a> September 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Nation and National Ideology: Proceedings of the International Symposium Held at New Europe College, Bucharest. April 6–7, 2001, <a href="/wiki/Babe%C5%9F-Bolyai_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Babeş-Bolyai University">Babeş-Bolyai University</a> Center for the Study of the Imaginary & New Europe College, 2002, Bucharest, p.363. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-98624-9-7" title="Special:BookSources/973-98624-9-7">973-98624-9-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-evzadev-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-evzadev_114-21">v</a> (in Romanian) Iulia Comanescu, Vlad Iorga, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130416104451/http://www.evz.ro/articole/detalii-articol/677407/Adevarul-despre-Adevarul/">"Adevărul despre Adevărul"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a>, March 21, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-mpquality-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mpquality_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpquality_115-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpquality_115-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpquality_115-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpquality_115-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpquality_115-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpquality_115-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpquality_115-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpquality_115-8">i</a> Marian Petcu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soemz.euv-frankfurt-o.de/media-see/qpress/articles/mpetcu.html">"Romanian Quality Press under the Sign of Maturity"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007203005/http://soemz.euv-frankfurt-o.de/media-see/qpress/articles/mpetcu.html">Archived</a> October 7, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Viadrina_European_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Viadrina European University">Viadrina European University</a>'s Südosteuropäisches Medienzentrum; retrieved April 12, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Craig R. Whitney, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/12/world/upheaval-east-like-party-east-europe-s-official-communist-press-deep-trouble.html">"Upheaval in the East; Like the Party, East Europe's Official Communist Press Is in Deep Trouble"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, February 12, 1990 </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCristian_Delcea2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cristian Delcea (16 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adevarul.ro/news/adevarul-125-ani/video-1989-1990-lungul-drum-scinteii-adevarul-revolutia-tovarasilor-ziaristi-1_5236d0a0c7b855ff568bafda/index.html">"1989–1990. Lungul drum al "Scînteii" către "Adevărul" şi revoluţia tovarăşilor ziarişti"</a> (in Romanian). Adevărul. Retrieved 9 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1989%E2%80%931990.+Lungul+drum+al+%22Sc%C3%AEnteii%22+c%C4%83tre+%22Adev%C4%83rul%22+%C5%9Fi+revolu%C5%A3ia+tovar%C4%83%C5%9Filor+ziari%C5%9Fti&rft.pub=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.date=2013-09-16&rft.au=Cristian+Delcea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fnews%2Fadevarul-125-ani%2Fvideo-1989-1990-lungul-drum-scinteii-adevarul-revolutia-tovarasilor-ziaristi-1_5236d0a0c7b855ff568bafda%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdev%C4%83rul" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Berry, p.39 </li> <li id="cite_note-abevzctp-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abevzctp_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-abevzctp_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-abevzctp_119-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-abevzctp_119-3">d</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrei_Badin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrei Badin (page does not exist)">Andrei Badin</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130416122303/http://www.evz.ro/articole/detalii-articol/684387/In-1990-CTP-lauda-faptele-de-vitejie-ale-minerilor/">"În 1990, CTP lăuda faptele de vitejie ale minerilor"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a>, June 18, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> Berindei et al., p.37sqq; Ioanid, p.248 </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Berry, p.37sqq </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Berry, p.37 </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Berry, p.55 </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> Berry, p.55-56 </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Berry, p.37-38, 53, 54-55 </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Berry, p.39-41, 43-44, 46 </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Berry, p.42 </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Berindei et al., p.41 </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Berindei et al., p.41-42, 71, 86-87, 139-140, 205-207 </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Berindei et al., p.58-59, 71-72, 86-87 </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Berindei et al., p.188 </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Berindei et al., p.41, 201-204; Berry, p.51-52 </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Berry, p.51-52 </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Berindei et al., p.205-207 </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Berry, p.43 </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Berry, p.46 </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Ioanid, p.246-247 </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Ioanid, p.248 </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> Ruxandra Irina Ciocîrlan, "Sergiu Andon: Casa Regală îmi aduce o rază de speranţă", in <a href="/wiki/Dilema_Veche" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilema Veche">Dilema Veche</a>, Nr. 382: Dosar: De la regalitate la realitate, June 2011; (in Romanian) Patrick André de Hillerin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfin.ro/articol_8902/trecutul_recent.html">"Trecutul recent"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071112134822/http://www.sfin.ro/articol_8902/trecutul_recent.html">Archived</a> November 12, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in '<a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%83pt%C4%83m%C3%A2na_Financiar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Săptămâna Financiară (page does not exist)">Săptămâna Financiară</a>, May 11, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Berry, p.75 </li> <li id="cite_note-chlmctp-141">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chlmctp_141-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chlmctp_141-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chlmctp_141-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chlmctp_141-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chlmctp_141-4">e</a> (in Romanian) Cristian Hostiuc, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucian_M%C3%AEndru%C5%A3%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucian Mîndruţă (page does not exist)">Lucian Mîndruţă</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/marketing-media/cristian-tudor-popescu-presedinte-interimar-la-adevarul-2989645/">"Cristian Tudor Popescu, preşedinte interimar la Adevărul"</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], in <a href="/wiki/Ziarul_Financiar" title="Ziarul Financiar">Ziarul Financiar</a>, January 10, 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-mppowerful-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mppowerful_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mppowerful_142-1">b</a> Manuela Preoteasa, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaonline.ba/en/?ID=340">"The Powerful Defeated Media"</a>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaonline.ba/en/info.asp">Media Online</a>, December 28, 2004; retrieved April 18, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-jb240-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jb240_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jb240_143-1">b</a> Judy Batt, "Political Dimensions of Privatization in Eastern Europe", in Paul G. Hare, Junior R. Davis (eds.), Transition to the Market Economy. Critical Perspectives on the World Economy, Vol. II, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, London, 1997, p.240. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-14923-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-14923-1">0-415-14923-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Gallagher, p.115-116, 123 </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Gallagher, p.115 </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Ana Muntean, Maria Roth, "Romania", in Beth M. Schwartz-Kenney, Michelle McCauley, Michelle A. Epstein (eds.), Child Abuse: a Global Perspective, <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, Westport, 2001, p.188-189. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-30745-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-30745-8">0-313-30745-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Laura Grunberg, "Women's NGOs in Romania", in Susan Gal, Gail Kligman (eds.), Reproducing Gender: Politics, Publics and Everyday Life after Socialism, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, 2000, p.329-330. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04868-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04868-0">978-0-691-04868-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Florence Maurice, "Deconstructing Gender — The Case of Romanian", in Marlis Hellinger, Hadumod Bussmann (eds.), Gender across Languages: The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men, Vol. I, <a href="/wiki/John_Benjamins_Publishing_Company" title="John Benjamins Publishing Company">John Benjamins Publishing Company</a>, Amsterdam & Philadelphia, 2001, p.247. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-272-1841-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-272-1841-2">90-272-1841-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Final Report, p.363 </li> <li id="cite_note-miaangamape-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miaangamape_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miaangamape_150-1">b</a> (in Romanian) Monica Iordache Apostol, Aniela Nine, Gabriela Antoniu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jurnalul.ro/stire-politic/mape-de-candidati-pentru-bruxelles-504586.html">"Mape de candidaţi pentru Bruxelles"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109023510/http://jurnalul.ro/stire-politic/mape-de-candidati-pentru-bruxelles-504586.html">Archived</a> 2015-01-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Jurnalul_Na%C5%A3ional" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurnalul Naţional">Jurnalul Naţional</a>, April 15, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-atsecrete-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atsecrete_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-atsecrete_151-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-atsecrete_151-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-atsecrete_151-3">d</a> (in Romanian) Andi Topală, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gardianul.ro/2006/10/26/dezvaluiri-c11/doua_secrete_legate_de_fostul_director_de_la_adevarul_revin_simultan_in_actualitate_cine_mai_crede_in_coincidente_-s86038.html">"Două 'secrete' legate de fostul director de la Adevărul revin simultan în actualitate. Cine mai crede în coincidenţe?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080328021541/http://www.gardianul.ro/2006/10/26/dezvaluiri-c11/doua_secrete_legate_de_fostul_director_de_la_adevarul_revin_simultan_in_actualitate_cine_mai_crede_in_coincidente_-s86038.html">Archived</a> March 28, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Gardianul" title="Gardianul">Gardianul</a>, October 26, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Nicholson, p.65 </li> <li id="cite_note-aulandscape-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aulandscape_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aulandscape_153-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aulandscape_153-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aulandscape_153-3">d</a> Alex Ulmanu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaonline.ba/en/?ID=206">"The Romanian Media Landscape: Impressive Media Offer, Particularly in Broadcast and Written Media Field"</a>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaonline.ba/en/info.asp">Media Online</a>, April 16, 2002; retrieved April 18, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Imogen Bell (ed.), Central and South-eastern Europe 2003, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, London, p.501. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85743-136-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85743-136-7">1-85743-136-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-en66-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-en66_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-en66_155-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-en66_155-2">c</a> Nicholson, p.66 </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Cristian Ştefănescu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaonline.ba/en/?ID=235">"Themes and Variations of European Integration: The Romanians 'Just Do It' "</a>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaonline.ba/en/info.asp">Media Online</a>, September 2, 2002; retrieved April 18, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Berry, p.76 </li> <li id="cite_note-nytfears-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytfears_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytfears_158-1">b</a> Donald G. McNeil, Jr., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/03/world/fears-voiced-over-prospect-romanian-racist-may-win.html">"Fears Voiced over Prospect Romanian Racist May Win"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, December 3, 2000 </li> <li id="cite_note-ctsubiect-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ctsubiect_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ctsubiect_159-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristian_Teodorescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristian Teodorescu (page does not exist)">Cristian Teodorescu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romlit.ro/un_subiect_gras">"Un subiect gras"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109025457/http://www.romlit.ro/un_subiect_gras">Archived</a> 2015-01-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Literar%C4%83" title="România Literară">România Literară</a>, Nr. 48/2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> Tismăneanu, p.289 </li> <li id="cite_note-ctpguzg-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ctpguzg_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ctpguzg_161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ctpguzg_161-2">c</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/wiki/Cristian_Tudor_Popescu" title="Cristian Tudor Popescu">Cristian Tudor Popescu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-arhiva-1236105-atacul-guzganului-rozaliu.htm">"Atacul guzganului rozaliu"</a>, in Adevărul, March 21, 2005 (republished by <a href="/wiki/Hotnews.ro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotnews.ro">Hotnews.ro</a>; retrieved April 18, 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-mvmegainv-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mvmegainv_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mvmegainv_162-1">b</a> (in Romanian) Mihai Vasilescu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financiarul.com/articol_21446/megainvestitia-lui-dinu-patriciu-la-adevarul-este-in-pericol.html">"Megainvestiţia lui Dinu Patriciu la Adevărul este în pericol"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417090713/http://www.financiarul.com/articol_21446/megainvestitia-lui-dinu-patriciu-la-adevarul-este-in-pericol.html">Archived</a> April 17, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Financiarul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Financiarul (page does not exist)">Financiarul</a>, February 10, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cotidianul.ro/corina_dragotescu_paraseste_adevarul-18141.html">"Corina Drăgotescu părăseşte Adevărul"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081225031316/http://www.cotidianul.ro/corina_dragotescu_paraseste_adevarul-18141.html">Archived</a> December 25, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Cotidianul" title="Cotidianul">Cotidianul</a>, November 16, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-bratadev-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bratadev_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bratadev_164-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brat.ro/audit-tiraje/publicatie/adevarul/">Adevărul</a>, at the Romanian Audit Bureau of Circulations; retrieved December 15, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-accumsta-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-accumsta_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-accumsta_165-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-accumsta_165-2">c</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dilemaveche.ro/sectiune/ieri-vedere-azi/articol/cum-sta-treaba-patriciu">"Cum stă treaba cu Patriciu"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907024645/http://www.dilemaveche.ro/sectiune/ieri-vedere-azi/articol/cum-sta-treaba-patriciu">Archived</a> 2011-09-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Dilema_Veche" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilema Veche">Dilema Veche</a>, Nr. 389, August 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-db98-166">^ <a href="#cite_ref-db98_166-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-db98_166-1">b</a> Berry, p.98 </li> <li id="cite_note-vnenemy-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vnenemy_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vnenemy_167-1">b</a> Valeriu Nicolae, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2009-03-20-nicolae-en.html">"The Enemy Within. Roma, the Media and Hate Speech"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327071048/http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2009-03-20-nicolae-en.html">Archived</a> 2009-03-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Eurozine" title="Eurozine">Eurozine</a>, March 20, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-mthaluc-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mthaluc_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mthaluc_168-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mircea_Toma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mircea Toma (page does not exist)">Mircea Toma</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catavencu.ro/halucinatii_etnice_la_i_adevarul_i-5157.html">"Halucinaţii etnice la Adevărul"</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], in <a href="/wiki/Academia_Ca%C5%A3avencu" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia Caţavencu">Academia Caţavencu</a>, December 24, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Isabela Merilă, Michaela Praisler, "Textually Constructing Identity and Otherness: Mediating the Romanian Hip-Hop Message", in George McKay, Christopher Williams (eds.), Subcultures and New Religious Movements in Russia and East-Central Europe, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publishing_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Lang (publishing company)">Peter Lang AG</a>, Bern, 2009, p.115, 120-123. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-921-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-03911-921-9">978-3-03911-921-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-dtotilia-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dtotilia_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dtotilia_170-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dtotilia_170-2">c</a> (in Romanian) Doinel Tronaru, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/articole/detalii-articol/848480/Adevarul-si-Jurnalul-se-bat-pe-Otilia/">"Adevărul şi Jurnalul se bat pe Otilia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426082521/http://www.evz.ro/articole/detalii-articol/848480/Adevarul-si-Jurnalul-se-bat-pe-Otilia/">Archived</a> April 26, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a>, April 24, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-mfholding-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mfholding_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mfholding_171-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mfholding_171-2">c</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediafax.ro/cultura-media/adevarul-holding-acuza-antena-1-de-practici-incorecte.html?1706;4235416">Adevărul Holding acuză Antena 1 de "practici incorecte"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediafax" title="Mediafax">Mediafax</a> release, April 23, 2009; retrieved April 25, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-mfinst-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mfinst_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mfinst_172-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediafax.ro/cultura-media/institutul-calinescu-si-litera-international-vor-sa-dea-in-judecata-adevarul.html?1706;4238648">Institutul Călinescu şi Litera Internaţional vor să dea în judecată Adevărul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediafax" title="Mediafax">Mediafax</a> release, April 24, 2009; retrieved April 25, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> (in Romanian) Gabriel Giurgiu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dilemaveche.ro/sectiune/pe-ce-lume-traim/articol/regretabilul-dezgust">"Regretabilul dezgust"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Dilema_Veche" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilema Veche">Dilema Veche</a>, Nr. 297, October 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_T%C4%83palag%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Tăpalagă (page does not exist)">Dan Tăpalagă</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-media_in_campanie-6567980-cum-iau-ziaristii-urma-banilor-asmutiti-patriciu-vantu.htm">"Cum iau ziariştii urma banilor, asmuţiţi de Patriciu si Vântu"</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Hotnews.ro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotnews.ro">Hotnews.ro</a>, November 26, 2009; retrieved December 24, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/wiki/Cornel_Nistorescu" title="Cornel Nistorescu">Cornel Nistorescu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cotidianul.ro/adevarul_si_patriciu_fug_de_politica-101347.html">"Adevărul şi Patriciu fug de politică"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103185922/http://www.cotidianul.ro/adevarul_si_patriciu_fug_de_politica-101347.html">Archived</a> January 3, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Cotidianul" title="Cotidianul">Cotidianul</a>, October 20, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-crromamerik-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crromamerik_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-crromamerik_176-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Costi_Rogozanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Costi Rogozanu (page does not exist)">Costi Rogozanu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-media_in_campanie-6455443-politicele-adevarul-tvr-cum-transformat-romamerik-costi-rogozanu.htm">"A-politicele Adevărul, TVR. Şi cum ne-am transformat în Romamerik?"</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Hotnews.ro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotnews.ro">Hotnews.ro</a>, November 13, 2009; retrieved December 24, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> (in Romanian) <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dilemaveche.ro/sectiune/ieri-vedere-azi/articol/sexualitatea-lui-ceausescu-manelizarea-istoriei">"Sexualitatea lui Ceauşescu sau manelizarea istoriei"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907023747/http://www.dilemaveche.ro/sectiune/ieri-vedere-azi/articol/sexualitatea-lui-ceausescu-manelizarea-istoriei">Archived</a> 2011-09-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Dilema_Veche" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilema Veche">Dilema Veche</a>, Nr. 394, September 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> (in Romanian) Alina Vătăman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/cartianu-s-a-razgandit-ramane-la-adevarul-891630.html">"Cartianu s-a răzgândit: rămâne la Adevărul"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a>, June 24, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revista22.ro/dinu-patriciu--vrea-un-nou-partid-puterea-si-opozitia-sint-la-fel-de-i-10611.html">"Dinu Patriciu vrea un nou partid: Puterea şi Opoziţia sînt la fel de impotente. Soluţia, o mişcare politică nouă şi pragmatică"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829031828/http://www.revista22.ro/dinu-patriciu--vrea-un-nou-partid-puterea-si-opozitia-sint-la-fel-de-i-10611.html">Archived</a> 2012-08-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Revista_22" title="Revista 22">Revista 22</a> online edition, May 20, 2011; Vlad Macovei, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/editorialul-evz-are-si-dinu-patriciu-dreptatea-lui-938342.html">"Are şi Dinu Patriciu dreptatea lui!"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a>, July 18, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> (in Romanian) Vlad Stoicescu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/polemica-plesu-patriciu-dinule-am-vazut-in-jurul-tau-oameni-fata-de-care-liiceanu-e-un.html">"Polemică Pleşu-Patriciu: 'Dinule, am văzut în jurul tău oameni faţă de care Liiceanu e un înger' "</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a>, February 23, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> (in Romanian) Ionuț Băiaș, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economie.hotnews.ro/stiri-media_publicitate-10935043-andrei-plesu-anunta-nu-mai-scrie-pentru-adevarul-nu-mai-suport-face-anumit-personaj-tafnos-fost-sef-sala.htm">"Andrei Pleşu anunţă că nu va mai scrie pentru Adevărul. 'Nu mai suport sa am de-a face cu un anumit personaj ţâfnos ca un fost şef de sală' "</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Hotnews.ro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotnews.ro">Hotnews.ro</a>, December 14, 2011; retrieved February 9, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailybusiness.ro/stiri-media-marketing/adevarul-despre-intoarcerea-lui-cristoiu-la-evz-nu-oprim-colaborarea-73325/">"Adevărul despre întoarcerea lui Cristoiu la EvZ: 'Nu oprim colaborarea' "</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailybusiness.ro/">DailyBusiness.ro</a>, January 30, 2012; Retrieved February 8, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-gdvinde-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gdvinde_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gdvinde_183-1">b</a> (in Romanian) Gabriela Diţă, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/media-advertising/patriciu-vinde-actiunile-de-la-adevarul-holding-unei-companii-olandeze-care-ii-apartine-8258930">"Patriciu vinde acţiunile de la Adevărul Holding unei companii olandeze care îi aparţine"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ziarul_Financiar" title="Ziarul Financiar">Ziarul Financiar</a>, May 10, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-tvrvandut-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tvrvandut_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tvrvandut_184-1">b</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=103006">Patriciu a vândut Adevărul unei firme olandeze deţinute tot de el</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], <a href="/wiki/TVR_1" title="TVR 1">TVR 1</a> Ora de Business, May 10, 2011; retrieved May 11, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> (in Romanian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130416152213/http://www1.romanialibera.ro/actualitate/media/patriciu-si-a-vandut-adevarul-siesi-224846.html">"Patriciu şi-a vândut Adevărul sieşi"</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Liber%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="România Liberă">România Liberă</a>, May 10, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-icsubiect-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icsubiect_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-icsubiect_186-1">b</a> Iulian Comanescu, "Cînd presa a fost subiect de ştiri", in <a href="/wiki/Dilema_Veche" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilema Veche">Dilema Veche</a>, Nr. 412: Dosar: Anul Vechi, January 2012 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629095556/http://www.inshr-ew.ro/pdf/Final_Report.pdf">Final Report</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Wiesel_Commission" title="Wiesel Commission">International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polirom" title="Polirom">Polirom</a>, Iași, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-681-989-2" title="Special:BookSources/973-681-989-2">973-681-989-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihnea_Berindei" title="Mihnea Berindei">Mihnea Berindei</a>, Ariadna Combes, Anne Planche, 13-15 iunie 1990. Realitatea unei puteri neocomuniste, <a href="/wiki/Humanitas_publishing_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitas publishing house">Humanitas</a>, Bucharest, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-50-1160-3" title="Special:BookSources/973-50-1160-3">973-50-1160-3</a></li> <li>David Berry, The Romanian Mass Media and Cultural Development, <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>, Aldershot, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-1069-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-1069-1">0-7546-1069-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Boia" title="Lucian Boia">Lucian Boia</a>, "Germanofilii". Elita intelectuală românească în anii Primului Război Mondial, Humanitas, Bucharest, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-50-2635-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-50-2635-6">978-973-50-2635-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Bucur" title="Maria Bucur">Maria Bucur</a>, Eugenics and Modernization in Interwar Romania, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Press" title="University of Pittsburgh Press">University of Pittsburgh Press</a>, Pittsburgh, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8229-4172-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8229-4172-4">0-8229-4172-4</a></li> <li>(in Romanian) Lucian T. Butaru, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150324080526/http://www.euro.ubbcluj.ro/structura/pers/pdf/lucian_butaru_rasism....pdf">Rasism românesc. Componenta rasială a discursului antisemit din România, până la Al Doilea Război Mondial</a>, Editura Fundației pentru Studii Europene, Cluj-Napoca, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-606-526-051-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-606-526-051-1">978-606-526-051-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cernat" title="Paul Cernat">Paul Cernat</a>, Avangarda românească și complexul periferiei: primul val, <a href="/wiki/Cartea_Rom%C3%A2neasc%C4%83" title="Cartea Românească">Cartea Românească</a>, Bucharest, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-23-1911-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-23-1911-6">978-973-23-1911-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Upson_Clark" title="Charles Upson Clark">Charles Upson Clark</a>, United Roumania, Ayer Publishing, Manchester, New Hampshire, 1971. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-02741-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-02741-9">0-405-02741-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gerard_Gallagher" title="Thomas Gerard Gallagher">Tom Gallagher</a>, "Nationalism and Romanian Political Culture in the 1990s", in Duncan Light, David Phinnemore (eds.), Post-Communist Romania: Coming to Terms with Transition, <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, Basingstoke & New York, 2001, p. 104-124. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-79187-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-79187-8">0-333-79187-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radu_Ioanid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radu Ioanid (page does not exist)">Radu Ioanid</a>, "Romania", in <a href="/wiki/David_S._Wyman" class="mw-redirect" title="David S. Wyman">David S. Wyman</a>, Charles H. Rosenzveig (eds.), The World Reacts to the Holocaust, <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>, Baltimore & London, 1996, p. 225-252. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-4969-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-4969-1">0-8018-4969-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian-Silvan_Ionescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian-Silvan Ionescu (page does not exist)">Adrian-Silvan Ionescu</a>, Mișcarea artistică oficială în România secolului al XIX-lea, Noi Media Print, Bucharest, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-180-518-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-180-518-4">978-973-180-518-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Litv%C3%A1n" title="György Litván">György Litván</a>, A Twentieth-century Prophet: Oscar Jászi, 1875–1957, <a href="/wiki/Central_European_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Central European University Press">Central European University Press</a>, Budapest, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-7326-42-1" title="Special:BookSources/963-7326-42-1">963-7326-42-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irina_Livezeanu" title="Irina Livezeanu">Irina Livezeanu</a>, Cultural Politics in Greater Romania, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>, Ithaca, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-8688-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-8688-2">0-8014-8688-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Nicholson,_Baroness_Nicholson_of_Winterbourne" title="Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne">Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne</a>, "Civil Society and the Media in Romania", in David Phinnemore (ed.), The EU and Romania: Accession and Beyond, Federal Trust for Education and Research & <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>, London, 2006, p. 64-77. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903403-78-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-903403-78-2">1-903403-78-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z._Ornea" class="mw-redirect" title="Z. Ornea">Z. Ornea</a>, Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească, <a href="/wiki/Editura_Funda%C5%A3iei_Culturale_Rom%C3%A2ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Editura Fundaţiei Culturale Române">Editura Fundației Culturale Române</a>, Bucharest, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-9155-43-X" title="Special:BookSources/973-9155-43-X">973-9155-43-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioana_P%C3%A2rvulescu" title="Ioana Pârvulescu">Ioana Pârvulescu</a>, Lumea ca ziar. A patra putere: Caragiale, Humanitas, Bucharest, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-50-2954-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-50-2954-8">978-973-50-2954-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Sandqvist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Sandqvist (page does not exist)">Tom Sandqvist</a>, Dada East. The Romanians of Cabaret Voltaire, <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-19507-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-19507-0">0-262-19507-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a>, Stalinism pentru eternitate, Polirom, Iași, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-681-899-3" title="Special:BookSources/973-681-899-3">973-681-899-3</a></li> <li>Glenn E. Torrey, "Rumania's Decision to Intervene: Brătianu and the Entente, June–July 1916", in <a href="/wiki/Keith_Hitchins" title="Keith Hitchins">Keith Hitchins</a> (ed.), Romanian Studies. Vol. 2, 1971–1972, <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>, Leiden, 1973, p. 3-29. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-03639-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-03639-3">90-04-03639-3</a></li> <li>Cristian Vasile, Literatura și artele în România comunistă. 1948–1953, Humanitas, Bucharest, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-50-2773-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-50-2773-5">978-973-50-2773-5</a></li> <li>Francisco Veiga, Istoria Gărzii de Fier, 1919–1941: Mistica ultranaționalismului, Humanitas, Bucharest, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-28-0392-4" title="Special:BookSources/973-28-0392-4">973-28-0392-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Voicu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Voicu (page does not exist)">George Voicu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224003608/http://www.euro.ubbcluj.ro/studiaj/sj2007/12.THE%20-JUDAISATION-%20OF%20THE%20ENEMY%20IN%20THE%20ROMANIAN%20POLITICAL%20CULTURE%20AT%20THE%20BEGINNING%20OF%20THE%2020TH%20CENTURY%20-%20GEORGE%20VOICU.pdf">"The 'Judaisation' of the Enemy in the Romanian Political Culture at the Beginning of the 20th Century"</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Babe%C5%9F-Bolyai_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Babeş-Bolyai University">Babeș-Bolyai University</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100329033014/http://www.euro.ubbcluj.ro/studiaj/">Studia Judaica</a>, 2007, p. 138-150</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adev%C4%83rul" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Adevărul">Adevărul</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426356#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Newspapers_in_Romania" title="Template:Newspapers in Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Newspapers_in_Romania" title="Template talk:Newspapers in Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Newspapers_in_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Newspapers in Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Newspapers_in_Romania146" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Romania" title="List of newspapers in Romania">Newspapers in Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Na%C5%A3ional_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naţional (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">7 +</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adevărul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_Deutsche_Zeitung_f%C3%BCr_Rum%C3%A4nien" title="Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung für Rumänien">Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azi_(Romanian_newspaper)" title="Azi (Romanian newspaper)">Azi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Business_Week" title="Bucharest Business Week">Bucharest Business Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Daily_News" title="Bucharest Daily News">Bucharest Daily News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_(Romanian_newspaper)" title="Bursa (Romanian newspaper)">Bursa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(Romanian_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (Romanian newspaper)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Click!" title="Click!">Click!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotidianul" title="Cotidianul">Cotidianul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curierul_Na%C8%9Bional" title="Curierul Național">Curierul Național</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Diplomat_%E2%80%93_Bucharest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Diplomat – Bucharest (page does not exist)">The Diplomat – Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndul" title="Gândul">Gândul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardianul" title="Gardianul">Gardianul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Sporturilor" title="Gazeta Sporturilor">Gazeta Sporturilor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurnalul_Na%C8%9Bional" title="Jurnalul Național">Jurnalul Național</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertatea" title="Libertatea">Libertatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitorul_Oficial" title="Monitorul Oficial">Monitorul Oficial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_O%27Clock" title="Nine O'Clock">Nine O'Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProSport" title="ProSport">ProSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_liber%C4%83" title="România liberă">România liberă</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TotalSport_(Romanian_sport_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TotalSport (Romanian sport newspaper) (page does not exist)">TotalSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Aj_Magyar_Sz%C3%B3" title="Új Magyar Szó">Új Magyar Szó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarul" title="Ziarul">Ziarul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarul_Financiar" title="Ziarul Financiar">Ziarul Financiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziua" title="Ziua">Ziua</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Romania"><img alt="Flag of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/100px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/150px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/200px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agenda_Clujean%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agenda Clujeană (page does not exist)">Agenda Clujeană</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bun%C4%83_Ziua,_Ardeal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bună Ziua, Ardeal (page does not exist)">Bună Ziua, Ardeal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bun%C4%83_Ziua,_Bra%C8%99ov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bună Ziua, Brașov (page does not exist)">Bună Ziua, Brașov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosro_-_Sibiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosro - Sibiu (page does not exist)">Cosro - Sibiu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cotidianul_Obiectiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cotidianul Obiectiv (page does not exist)">Cotidianul Obiectiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cri%C8%99ana_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crișana (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Crișana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuv%C3%A2ntul_Liber_(Hunedoara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuvântul Liber (Hunedoara) (page does not exist)">Cuvântul Liber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenimentul_Zilei" title="Evenimentul Zilei">Evenimentul Zilei - Ediția de Transilvania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C4%83clia_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Făclia (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Făclia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foaia_Transilvan%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foaia Transilvană (page does not exist)">Foaia Transilvană</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazeta_de_Cluj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazeta de Cluj (page does not exist)">Gazeta de Cluj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazeta_de_Hunedoara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazeta de Hunedoara (page does not exist)">Gazeta de Hunedoara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazeta_de_Oradea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazeta de Oradea (page does not exist)">Gazeta de Oradea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informa%C8%9Bia_Cluj" title="Informația Cluj">Informația Cluj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitorul_de_Cluj" title="Monitorul de Cluj">Monitorul de Cluj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitorul_de_Bra%C8%99ov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitorul de Brașov (page does not exist)">Monitorul de Brașov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitorul_de_Sibiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitorul de Sibiu (page does not exist)">Monitorul de Sibiu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitorul_de_F%C4%83g%C4%83ra%C8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitorul de Făgăraș (page does not exist)">Monitorul de Făgăraș</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realitatea_Bihorean%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realitatea Bihoreană (page does not exist)">Realitatea Bihoreană</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revista_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revista Media (page does not exist)">Revista Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProSport" title="ProSport">ProSport - Ediția de Transilvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%83pt%C4%83m%C3%A2na_Clujean%C4%83" title="Săptămâna Clujeană">Săptămâna Clujeană</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siebenb%C3%BCrgische_Zeitung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siebenbürgische Zeitung (page does not exist)">Siebenbürgische Zeitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transindex" title="Transindex">Transindex</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transilvania_Jurnal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transilvania Jurnal (page does not exist)">Transilvania Jurnal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribuna_Sibiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribuna Sibiu (page does not exist)">Tribuna Sibiu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitrina_de_Cluj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitrina de Cluj (page does not exist)">Vitrina de Cluj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_Clujeanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul Clujeanului (page does not exist)">Ziarul Clujeanului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_Cri%C8%99ana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul Crișana (page does not exist)">Ziarul Crișana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarul_Financiar" title="Ziarul Financiar">Ziarul Financiar - Ediția de Transilvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziua" title="Ziua">Ziua de Cluj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_de_Mure%C8%99_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul de Mureș (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Ziarul de Mureș</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adev%C4%83rul_de_Arad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adevărul de Arad (page does not exist)">Adevărul de Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agenda_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agenda (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banater_Zeitung_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banater Zeitung (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Banater Zeitung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotbal_Vest_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotbal Vest (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Fotbal Vest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Observator_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Observator (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Observator</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisma_-_Re%C8%99i%C8%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prisma - Reșița (page does not exist)">Prisma - Reșița</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rena%C8%99terea_B%C4%83n%C4%83%C8%9Bean%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renașterea Bănățeană (page does not exist)">Renașterea Bănățeană</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara-News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timișoara-News (page does not exist)">Timișoara-News</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timpolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timpolis (page does not exist)">Timpolis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_Timpului_Re%C8%99i%C8%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul Timpului Reșița (page does not exist)">Ziarul Timpului Reșița</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_Arad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virtual Arad (page does not exist)">Virtual Arad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crai_Nou_-_Suceava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crai Nou - Suceava (page does not exist)">Crai Nou - Suceava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocea_Sucevei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vocea Sucevei (page does not exist)">Vocea Sucevei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuget_Liber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuget Liber (page does not exist)">Cuget Liber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independentul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independentul (page does not exist)">Independentul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Observator_de_Constan%C8%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Observator de Constanța (page does not exist)">Observator de Constanța</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Replica_de_Constan%C8%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Replica de Constanța (page does not exist)">Replica de Constanța</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegraf_-_Constan%C8%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telegraf - Constanța (page does not exist)">Telegraf - Constanța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziua" title="Ziua">Ziua de Constanța</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De%C8%99teptarea_(newspaper)" title="Deșteptarea (newspaper)">Deșteptarea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialog_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialog (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Dialog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evenimentul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evenimentul (page does not exist)">Evenimentul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesagerul_de_Neam%C8%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesagerul de Neamț (page does not exist)">Mesagerul de Neamț</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moldosport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moldosport (page does not exist)">Moldosport</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitorul_de_Gala%C8%9Bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitorul de Galați (page does not exist)">Monitorul de Galați</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitorul_de_Bac%C4%83u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitorul de Bacău (page does not exist)">Monitorul de Bacău</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitorul_de_Boto%C8%99ani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitorul de Botoșani (page does not exist)">Monitorul de Botoșani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitorul_de_Ia%C8%99i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitorul de Iași (page does not exist)">Monitorul de Iași</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_Ceahl%C4%83ul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul Ceahlăul (page does not exist)">Ziarul Ceahlăul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_de_Bac%C4%83u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul de Bacău (page does not exist)">Ziarul de Bacău</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_de_Ia%C8%99i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul de Iași (page does not exist)">Ziarul de Iași</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_de_Roman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul de Roman (page does not exist)">Ziarul de Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_de_Vaslui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul de Vaslui (page does not exist)">Ziarul de Vaslui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_de_Vrancea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul de Vrancea (page does not exist)">Ziarul de Vrancea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Observator_de_Bac%C4%83u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Observator de Bacău (page does not exist)">Observator de Bacău</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sud-Est_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sud-Est (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Sud-Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via%C8%9Ba_Liber%C4%83" title="Viața Liberă">Viața Liberă</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZCH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZCH (page does not exist)">ZCH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muntenia" title="Muntenia">Muntenia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amprenta_Buz%C4%83u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amprenta Buzău (page does not exist)">Amprenta Buzău</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anun%C8%9Bul_Buzoian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anunțul Buzoian (page does not exist)">Anunțul Buzoian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curierul_Zilei_Arge%C8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curierul Zilei Argeș (page does not exist)">Curierul Zilei Argeș</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazeta_de_Sud-Est&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazeta de Sud-Est (page does not exist)">Gazeta de Sud-Est</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitorul_de_Br%C4%83ila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitorul de Brăila (page does not exist)">Monitorul de Brăila</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98ansa_Buzoian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Șansa Buzoiană (page does not exist)">Șansa Buzoiană</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziarul_de_Azi_Arge%C8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziarul de Azi Argeș (page does not exist)">Ziarul de Azi Argeș</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitorul_de_Prahova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitorul de Prahova (page does not exist)">Monitorul de Prahova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazeta_de_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazeta de Sud (page does not exist)">Gazeta de Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edi%C8%9Bie_Special%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ediție Specială (page does not exist)">Ediție Specială</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazeta_de_Olt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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