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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confirmed_objects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confirmed_objects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Confirmed objects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Confirmed_objects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Confirmed objects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Confirmed_objects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1I/2017_U1_(ʻOumuamua)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1I/2017_U1_(ʻOumuamua)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1I/2017_U1_(ʻOumuamua)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2I/Borisov" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2I/Borisov"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2I/Borisov</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2I/Borisov-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Candidates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Candidates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Candidates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014_interstellar_meteor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_interstellar_meteor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>2014 interstellar meteor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_interstellar_meteor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_interstellar_meteor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_interstellar_meteor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2017 interstellar meteor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_interstellar_meteor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hypothetical_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hypothetical_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hypothetical missions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hypothetical_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85" title="جرم بين النجوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جرم بين النجوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezihv%C4%9Bzdn%C3%BD_objekt" title="Mezihvězdný objekt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezihvězdný objekt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellart_objekt" title="Interstellart objekt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Interstellart objekt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellares_Objekt" title="Interstellares Objekt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Interstellares Objekt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4htedevaheline_objekt" title="Tähtedevaheline objekt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tähtedevaheline objekt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objeto_interestelar" title="Objeto interestelar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Objeto interestelar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izarrarteko_gorputz" title="Izarrarteko gorputz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Izarrarteko gorputz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="جرم میان‌ستاره‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جرم میان‌ستاره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objet_interstellaire" title="Objet interstellaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Objet interstellaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obxecto_interestelar" title="Obxecto interestelar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Obxecto interestelar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%A2%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Միջաստղային օբյեկտներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջաստղային օբյեկտներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="अंतरतारकीय वस्तु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतरतारकीय वस्तु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91uzvjezdani_objekt" title="Međuzvjezdani objekt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Međuzvjezdani objekt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objek_antarbintang" title="Objek antarbintang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Objek antarbintang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellair_object" title="Interstellair object – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Interstellair object" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E9%96%93%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="恒星間天体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="恒星間天体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objeto_interestelar" title="Objeto interestelar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Objeto interestelar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obiect_interstelar" title="Obiect interstelar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Obiect interstelar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Межзвёздный объект – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Межзвёздный объект" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4htienv%C3%A4linen_kappale" title="Tähtienvälinen kappale – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tähtienvälinen kappale" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstell%C3%A4rt_objekt" title="Interstellärt objekt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Interstellärt objekt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C" title="วัตถุระหว่างดาวฤกษ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัตถุระหว่างดาวฤกษ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1zlararas%C4%B1_nesne" title="Yıldızlararası nesne – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yıldızlararası nesne" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BE%D0%B1%27%D1%94%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Міжзоряні об'єкти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міжзоряні об'єкти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_th%E1%BB%83_li%C3%AAn_sao" title="Vật thể liên sao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật thể liên sao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="星際天體 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="星際天體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2441216#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_object" title="Extrasolar object">Extrasolar object</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif/lossy-page1-495px-Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif/lossy-page1-660px-Comet_2I_Borisov_and_Distant_Galaxy_in_November_2019.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="1665" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a> comet, the second confirmed interstellar object, photographed in late-2019 beside a distant galaxy</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>interstellar object</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_object" title="Astronomical object">astronomical object</a> (such as an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">rogue planet</a>, but not a <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">star</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stellar_remnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar remnant">stellar remnant</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstellar space">interstellar space</a> that is not <a href="/wiki/Gravitationally_bound" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitationally bound">gravitationally bound</a> to a star. This term can also be applied to an object that is on an interstellar trajectory but is temporarily passing close to a star, such as certain <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Exoasteroid" title="Exoasteroid">exoasteroids</a> <a href="/wiki/Exocomet" title="Exocomet">exocomets</a><sup id="cite_ref-Valtonen_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valtonen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In the latter case, the object may be called an <b>interstellar interloper</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first interstellar objects discovered were <a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">rogue planets</a>, planets ejected from their original stellar system (e.g., <a href="/wiki/OTS_44" title="OTS 44">OTS 44</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cha_110913%E2%88%92773444" title="Cha 110913−773444">Cha 110913−773444</a>), though they are difficult to distinguish from <a href="/wiki/Sub-brown_dwarf" title="Sub-brown dwarf">sub-brown dwarfs</a>, planet-mass objects that formed in interstellar space as stars do. </p><p>The first interstellar object which was discovered traveling through the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> was <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">1I/ʻOumuamua</a> in 2017. The second was <a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a> in 2019. They both possess significant <a href="/wiki/Hyperbolic_trajectory#Semi-major_axis,_energy_and_hyperbolic_excess_velocity" title="Hyperbolic trajectory">hyperbolic excess velocity</a>, indicating they did not originate in the Solar System. The discovery of ʻOumuamua inspired the tentative identification of <a href="/wiki/CNEOS_2014-01-08" title="CNEOS 2014-01-08">CNEOS 2014-01-08</a>, also known as the Manus Island fireball, as an interstellar object that impacted the Earth by astronomers <a href="/wiki/Amir_Siraj" title="Amir Siraj">Amir Siraj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avi_Loeb" title="Avi Loeb">Avi Loeb</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20190604_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20190604-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was supported by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">U.S. Space Command</a> in 2022 based on the object's velocity relative to the Sun,<sup id="cite_ref-TWR-20220406_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWR-20220406-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VICE-20220407_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VICE-20220407-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-INV-20220411_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INV-20220411-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20220408_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20220408-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SA-20220412_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA-20220412-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20220415_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20220415-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2023, astronomers reported the possible capture of other interstellar objects in Near Earth Orbit (NEO) over the years.<sup id="cite_ref-UT-20230517_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT-20230517-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20230517_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20230517-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> and Other astronomers doubt this,<sup id="cite_ref-Vaubaillon2022_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaubaillon2022-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gallardo2023_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallardo2023-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Desch2023_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Desch2023-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fernando2024_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernando2024-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Desch2024_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Desch2024-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and still other experts found Earth-related explanations for the purported meteorite impact instead.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20240311_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20240311-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The interstellar objects were once bound to a host star and have become unbound since. Different processes can cause planets and smaller objects (planetesimals) to become unbound from their host star.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the first discovery of an interstellar object in the Solar System, the IAU has proposed a new series of small-body designations for interstellar objects, the <i>I numbers,</i> similar to the comet numbering system. The <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a> will assign the numbers. Provisional designations for interstellar objects will be handled using the C/ or A/ prefix (comet or asteroid), as appropriate.<sup id="cite_ref-NewDesignation_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewDesignation-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Interstellar velocity inbound <span class="nowrap">(<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26145027656115364f96e031bca0c0c11022986e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.003ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}"></span>)</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Object</th> <th>Velocity </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Comet_ISON" title="Comet ISON">C/2012 S1 (ISON)</a><br />(weakly hyperbolic<br />Oort Cloud comet)</td> <td>0.2 km/s<br />0.04 au/yr<sup id="cite_ref-Note-1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Note-1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a><br />(For comparison)</td> <td>16.9 km/s<br />3.57 au/yr<sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voyager-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)</a></td> <td>26.33 km/s<br />5.55 au/yr<sup id="cite_ref-pseudoMPEC_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pseudoMPEC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></td> <td>32.1 km/s<br />6.77 au/yr<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-FAQ_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-FAQ-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CNEOS_2014-01-08" title="CNEOS 2014-01-08">2014Jan08 bolide</a><br />(in <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer review</a>,<br /> no widespread consensus)</td> <td>43.8 km/s<br />9.24 au/yr<sup id="cite_ref-Siraj2019b_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraj2019b-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Astronomers estimate that several interstellar objects of extrasolar origin (like ʻOumuamua) pass inside the <a href="/wiki/Orbit_of_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbit of Earth">orbit of Earth</a> each year,<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-FAQ_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-FAQ-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that 10,000 are passing inside the <a href="/wiki/Orbit_of_Neptune" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbit of Neptune">orbit of Neptune</a> on any given day.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interstellar comets occasionally pass through the inner <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a><sup id="cite_ref-Valtonen_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valtonen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and approach with random velocities, mostly from the direction of the constellation <a href="/wiki/Hercules_(constellation)" title="Hercules (constellation)">Hercules</a> because the Solar System is moving in that direction, called the <a href="/wiki/Solar_apex" title="Solar apex">solar apex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Struve_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Struve-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the discovery of <a href="/wiki/%27Oumuamua" class="mw-redirect" title="'Oumuamua">'Oumuamua</a>, the fact that no comet with a speed greater than the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>'s escape velocity<sup id="cite_ref-MacRobert2008_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacRobert2008-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had been observed was used to place upper limits to their density in interstellar space. A paper by Torbett indicated that the density was no more than 10<sup>13</sup> (10 <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1012" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">trillion</a>) comets per cubic <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Torbett_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torbett-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other analyses, of data from <a href="/wiki/LINEAR" class="mw-redirect" title="LINEAR">LINEAR</a>, set the upper limit at 4.5<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−4</sup>/<a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a><sup>3</sup>, or 10<sup>12</sup> (1 trillion) comets per cubic <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Francis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more recent estimate by <a href="/wiki/David_C._Jewitt" title="David C. Jewitt">David C. Jewitt</a> and colleagues, following the detection of <a href="/wiki/%27Oumuamua" class="mw-redirect" title="'Oumuamua">'Oumuamua</a>, predicts that "The steady-state population of similar, ~100 m scale interstellar objects inside the orbit of Neptune is ~1<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000400000000000000♠"></span>4</span></sup>, each with a residence time of ~10 years."<sup id="cite_ref-Jewitt2017_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewitt2017-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Current models of <a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a> formation predict that more comets are ejected into interstellar space than are retained in the Oort cloud, with estimates varying from 3 to 100 times as many.<sup id="cite_ref-Francis_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other simulations suggest that 90–99% of comets are ejected.<sup id="cite_ref-Choi_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choi-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no reason to believe comets formed in other star systems would not be similarly scattered.<sup id="cite_ref-Valtonen_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valtonen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amir_Siraj" title="Amir Siraj">Amir Siraj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avi_Loeb" title="Avi Loeb">Avi Loeb</a> demonstrated that the Oort Cloud could have been formed from ejected planetesimals from other stars in the Sun's birth cluster.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both researchers proposed a search for ʻOumuamua-like objects which are trapped in the Solar System as a result of losing orbital energy through a close encounter with Jupiter.<sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20181109632_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20181109632-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TA-20190123_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TA-20190123-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> It is possible for objects orbiting a star to be ejected due to interaction with a third massive body, thereby becoming interstellar objects. Such a process was initiated in the early 1980s when <a href="/wiki/C/1980_E1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1980 E1">C/1980 E1</a>, initially gravitationally bound to the Sun, passed near Jupiter and was accelerated sufficiently to reach escape velocity from the Solar System. This changed its orbit from elliptical to hyperbolic and made it the most eccentric known object at the time, with an <a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">eccentricity</a> of 1.057.<sup id="cite_ref-JPL-Data_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-Data-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is heading for interstellar space.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:96P_20070403_000500_HI1A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/96P_20070403_000500_HI1A.png/220px-96P_20070403_000500_HI1A.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/96P_20070403_000500_HI1A.png/330px-96P_20070403_000500_HI1A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/96P_20070403_000500_HI1A.png/440px-96P_20070403_000500_HI1A.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Machholz_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Machholz 1">Comet Machholz 1 (96P/Machholz)</a> as viewed by <a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO-A</a> (April 2007)</figcaption></figure><p>Due to present observational difficulties, an interstellar object can usually only be detected if it passes through the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>, where it can be distinguished by its strongly <a href="/wiki/Hyperbolic_trajectory" title="Hyperbolic trajectory">hyperbolic trajectory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyperbolic_excess_velocity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbolic excess velocity">hyperbolic excess velocity</a> of more than a few km/s, proving that it is not gravitationally bound to the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-Francis_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-de_la_Fuente_Marcos_2018_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_la_Fuente_Marcos_2018-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, gravitationally bound objects follow <a href="/wiki/Elliptic_orbit" title="Elliptic orbit">elliptic orbits</a> around the Sun. (There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_hyperbolic_comets" title="List of hyperbolic comets">a few objects</a> whose orbits are so close to parabolic that their gravitationally bound status is unclear.) </p><p>An interstellar comet can probably, on rare occasions, be captured into a <a href="/wiki/Heliocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliocentric">heliocentric</a> orbit while passing through the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. Computer simulations show that <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> is the only planet massive enough to capture one, and that this can be expected to occur once every sixty million years.<sup id="cite_ref-Torbett_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torbett-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comets <a href="/wiki/Machholz_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Machholz 1">Machholz 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comet_Hyakutake" title="Comet Hyakutake">Hyakutake C/1996 B2</a> are possible examples of such comets. They have atypical chemical makeups for comets in the Solar System.<sup id="cite_ref-MacRobert2008_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacRobert2008-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mumma1996_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mumma1996-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent research suggests that asteroid <a href="/wiki/514107_Ka%CA%BBepaoka%CA%BBawela" title="514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela">514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela</a> may be a former interstellar object, captured some 4.5 billion years ago, as evidenced by its co-orbital motion with Jupiter and its retrograde orbit around the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-Clery2018_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clery2018-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, comet <a href="/wiki/C/2018_V1_(Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)">C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)</a> has a significant probability (72.6%) of having an extrasolar provenance although an origin in the Oort cloud cannot be excluded.<sup id="cite_ref-de_la_Fuente_Marcos_2019_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_la_Fuente_Marcos_2019-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> astronomers suggest that matter—and potentially dormant <a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">spores</a>—can be exchanged across vast distances.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The detection of ʻOumuamua crossing the inner Solar System confirms the possibility of a material link with exoplanetary systems. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uncertain_size-frequency_distribution_of_interstellar_visitors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Uncertain_size-frequency_distribution_of_interstellar_visitors.jpg/220px-Uncertain_size-frequency_distribution_of_interstellar_visitors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Uncertain_size-frequency_distribution_of_interstellar_visitors.jpg/330px-Uncertain_size-frequency_distribution_of_interstellar_visitors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Uncertain_size-frequency_distribution_of_interstellar_visitors.jpg/440px-Uncertain_size-frequency_distribution_of_interstellar_visitors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2567" data-file-height="1817" /></a><figcaption>Interstellar visitors in the Solar System cover the whole range of sizes – from kilometer large objects down to submicron particles. Also, interstellar dust and meteoroids carry with them valuable information from their parent systems. Detection of these objects along the continuum of sizes is, however, not evident.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Interstellar visitors in the Solar System cover the whole range of sizes – from kilometer large objects down to submicron particles. Also, interstellar dust and meteoroids carry with them valuable information from their parent systems. Detection of these objects along the continuum of sizes is, however, not evident (see Figure).<sup id="cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedirect.com-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The smallest interstellar dust particles are filtered out of the solar system by electromagnetic forces, while the largest ones are too sparse to obtain good statistics from in situ spacecraft detectors. Discrimination between interstellar and interplanetary populations can be a challenge for intermediate (0.1–1 micrometer) sizes. These can vary widely in velocity and directionality.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The identification of interstellar meteoroids, observed in the Earth's atmosphere as meteors, is highly challenging and requires high accuracy measurements and appropriate error examinations.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otherwise, measurement errors can transfer near-parabolic orbits over the parabolic limit and create an artificial population of hyperbolic particles, often interpreted as of interstellar origin.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedirect.com-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large interstellar visitors like asteroids and comets were detected the first time in the solar system in 2017 (1I/'Oumuamua) and 2019 (2I/Borisov) and are expected to be detected more frequently with new telescopes, e.g. the Vera Rubin Observatory. Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb have predicted that the <a href="/wiki/Vera_C._Rubin_Observatory" title="Vera C. Rubin Observatory">Vera C. Rubin Observatory</a> will be capable of detecting an anisotropy in the distribution of interstellar objects due to the Sun's motion relative to the <a href="/wiki/Local_standard_of_rest" title="Local standard of rest">Local Standard of Rest</a> and identify the characteristic ejection speed of interstellar objects from their parent stars.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2023, astronomers reported the possible capture of other interstellar objects in Near Earth Orbit (NEO) over the years.<sup id="cite_ref-UT-20230517_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT-20230517-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20230517_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20230517-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confirmed_objects">Confirmed objects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Confirmed objects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1I/2017_U1_(ʻOumuamua)"><span id="1I.2F2017_U1_.28.CA.BBOumuamua.29"></span>1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">ʻOumuamua</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oumuamua-solar_system_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Oumuamua-solar_system_2018.png/220px-Oumuamua-solar_system_2018.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Oumuamua-solar_system_2018.png/330px-Oumuamua-solar_system_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Oumuamua-solar_system_2018.png/440px-Oumuamua-solar_system_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="8977" data-file-height="5713" /></a><figcaption>Path of the hyperbolic, extrasolar object <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">ʻOumuamua</a>, the first confirmed interstellar object, discovered in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>A dim object was discovered on October 19, 2017, by the <a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a> telescope, at an apparent magnitude of 20. The observations showed that it follows a strongly hyperbolic trajectory around the Sun at a speed greater than the solar escape velocity, in turn meaning that it is not gravitationally bound to the Solar System and likely to be an interstellar object.<sup id="cite_ref-C2017U1discovery_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2017U1discovery-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was initially named C/2017 U1 because it was assumed to be a comet, and was renamed to A/2017 U1 after no cometary activity was found on October 25.<sup id="cite_ref-A2017U1announcement_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A2017U1announcement-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IFLScience_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFLScience-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After its interstellar nature was confirmed, it was renamed to 1I/ʻOumuamua – "1" because it is the first such object to be discovered, "I" for interstellar, and "'Oumuamua" is a Hawaiian word meaning "a messenger from afar arriving first".<sup id="cite_ref-GeekWire_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeekWire-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lack of <a href="/wiki/Coma_(cometary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coma (cometary)">cometary activity</a> from ʻOumuamua suggests an origin from the inner regions of whatever stellar system it came from, losing all surface volatiles within the <a href="/wiki/Frost_line_(astrophysics)" title="Frost line (astrophysics)">frost line</a>, much like the rocky asteroids, <a href="/wiki/Extinct_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct comets">extinct comets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Damocloids" class="mw-redirect" title="Damocloids">damocloids</a> we know from the Solar System. This is only a suggestion, as ʻOumuamua might very well have lost all surface volatiles to eons of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic radiation">cosmic radiation</a> exposure in interstellar space, developing a thick crust layer after it was expelled from its parent system. </p><p>ʻOumuamua has an <a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">eccentricity</a> of 1.199, which was the highest eccentricity ever observed for any non-artificial object in the Solar System by a wide margin prior to the discovery of comet <a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a> in August 2019. </p><p>In September 2018, astronomers described several possible home <a href="/wiki/Star_system" title="Star system">star systems</a> from which ʻOumuamua may have begun its interstellar journey.<sup id="cite_ref-Feng2018_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feng2018-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Space_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Space-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2I/Borisov"><span id="2I.2FBorisov"></span>2I/Borisov</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2I/Borisov"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></div> <p>The object was discovered on 30 August 2019 at MARGO, Nauchnyy, <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gennadiy_Borisov" title="Gennadiy Borisov">Gennadiy Borisov</a> using his custom-built 0.65-meter telescope.<sup id="cite_ref-S&T_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S&T-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 September 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Telescopio_Canarias" title="Gran Telescopio Canarias">Gran Telescopio Canarias</a> obtained a low-resolution visible spectrum of <a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a> that revealed that this object has a surface composition not too different from that found in typical <a href="/wiki/Oort_Cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Oort Cloud">Oort Cloud</a> comets.<sup id="cite_ref-first_spectrum_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first_spectrum-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deLeon2019_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deLeon2019-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deLeón2020_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deLeón2020-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IAU Working Group for Small Body Nomenclature kept the name Borisov, giving the comet the interstellar designation of 2I/Borisov.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC_2019-S72_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC_2019-S72-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 March 2020, astronomers reported observational evidence of "ongoing nucleus fragmentation" from Borisov.<sup id="cite_ref-AT-20200312_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AT-20200312-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates">Candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyakutake_Color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/220px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/330px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/440px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hyakutake" title="Comet Hyakutake">Comet Hyakutake</a> (C/1996 B2) might be a former interstellar object captured by the Solar System</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2007, Afanasiev et al. reported the likely detection of a multi-centimeter intergalactic meteor hitting the atmosphere above the <a href="/wiki/Special_Astrophysical_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Astrophysical Observatory">Special Astrophysical Observatory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a> on July 28, 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2018, Harvard astronomers Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb reported that there should be hundreds of 'Oumuamua-size interstellar objects in the Solar System, based on calculated orbital characteristics, and presented several <a href="/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centaur (minor planet)">centaur</a> candidates such as <span class="nowrap">2017 SV<sub>13</sub></span> and <span class="nowrap">2018 TL<sub>6</sub></span>. These are all orbiting the Sun, but may have been captured in the distant past.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraj2019a_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraj2019a-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both researchers have proposed methods for increasing the discovery rate of interstellar objects that include <a href="/wiki/Stellar_occultation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar occultation">stellar occultations</a>, optical signatures from impacts with the moon or the Earth's atmosphere, and radio flares from collisions with <a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">neutron stars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_interstellar_meteor">2014 interstellar meteor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2014 interstellar meteor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/CNEOS_2014-01-08" title="CNEOS 2014-01-08">CNEOS 2014-01-08</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/CNEOS_2014-01-08" title="CNEOS 2014-01-08">CNEOS 2014-01-08</a> (also known as Interstellar meteor 1; IM1),<sup id="cite_ref-SPC-20221103_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPC-20221103-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20220920_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20220920-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TDB-20220923_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDB-20220923-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a meteor with a mass of 0.46 tons and width of 0.45 m (1.5 ft), burned up in the Earth's atmosphere on January 8, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20190604_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20190604-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20220415_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20220415-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2019 <a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a> suggested this meteor had been of interstellar origin.<sup id="cite_ref-SA-20190423_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA-20190423-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SP-20190416_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-20190416-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VICE-20220407_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VICE-20220407-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-INV-20220411_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INV-20220411-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SA-20220412_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA-20220412-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a heliocentric speed of 60 km/s (37 mi/s) and an asymptotic speed of 42.1 ± 5.5 km/s (26.2 ± 3.4 mi/s), and it exploded at 17:05:34 UTC near <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> at an altitude of 18.7 km (61,000 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20190604_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20190604-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After declassifying the data in April 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-LS-20220411_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-20220411-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Space_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Space Command">U.S. Space Command</a>, based on information collected from its <a href="/wiki/Planetary_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary defense">planetary defense</a> sensors, confirmed the velocity of the potential interstellar meteor.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20220408_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20220408-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TWR-20220406_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWR-20220406-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, <a href="/wiki/The_Galileo_Project" title="The Galileo Project">The Galileo Project</a> completed an expedition to retrieve small fragments of the apparently peculiar<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arXiv:2208.00092_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arXiv:2208.00092-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meteor.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arXiv:2208.00092_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arXiv:2208.00092-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claims about their findings have been doubted by their peers according to a report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20230724_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20230724-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further related studies were reported on 1 September 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-SA20230901_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA20230901-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AXV-20230829_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AXV-20230829-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other astronomers doubt the interstellar origin because the meteoroid catalog used does not report <a href="/wiki/Error_bar" title="Error bar">uncertainties</a> on the incoming velocity.<sup id="cite_ref-ScientificAmerican_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScientificAmerican-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The validity of any single data point (especially for smaller meteoroids) remains questionable. In November 2022, a paper was published, claiming the anomalous properties (including its high strength and strongly hyperbolic trajectory) of <a href="/wiki/CNEOS_2014-01-08" title="CNEOS 2014-01-08">CNEOS 2014-01-08</a> are better described as measurement error rather than genuine parameters. Successful retrieval of any meteoroid fragments is highly unlikely.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common micrometeorites would be indistinguishable from one another. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_interstellar_meteor">2017 interstellar meteor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2017 interstellar meteor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/CNEOS_2017-03-09" class="mw-redirect" title="CNEOS 2017-03-09">CNEOS 2017-03-09</a> (aka Interstellar meteor 2; IM2),<sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20220920_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20220920-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TDB-20220923_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDB-20220923-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a meteor with a mass of roughly 6.3 tons, burned up in the Earth's atmosphere on March 9, 2017. Similar to IM1, it has a high mechanical strength.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20220920_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20220920-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2022, astronomers Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb reported the discovery of a candidate interstellar meteor, CNEOS 2017-03-09, that impacted Earth in 2017 and is considered, based in part on the high <a href="/wiki/Material_strength" class="mw-redirect" title="Material strength">material strength</a> of the meteor, to be a possible interstellar object.<sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20220920_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20220920-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TDB-20220923_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDB-20220923-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hypothetical_missions">Hypothetical missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hypothetical missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With current space technology, close visits and orbital missions are challenging due to their high speeds, though not impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-ARX-20180412_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20180412-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VC-20221108_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VC-20221108-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Interstellar_Studies" title="Initiative for Interstellar Studies">Initiative for Interstellar Studies</a> (i4is) launched in 2017 <a href="/wiki/Project_Lyra" title="Project Lyra">Project Lyra</a> to assess the feasibility of a mission to <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">ʻOumuamua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ProjectLyra_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProjectLyra-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several options for sending a spacecraft to ʻOumuamua within a time-frame of 5 to 25 years were suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-Hein2019_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hein2019-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hibberd2019_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hibberd2019-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One option is using first a Jupiter flyby followed by a close solar flyby at 3 <a href="/wiki/Solar_radius" title="Solar radius">solar radii</a> (2.1<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> km; 1.3<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> mi) in order to take advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Oberth_effect" title="Oberth effect">Oberth effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hein2017_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hein2017-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different mission durations and their velocity requirements were explored with respect to the launch date, assuming direct impulsive transfer to the intercept trajectory. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a></i> spacecraft by <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a> and <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>, planned to launch in 2029, will be positioned at the <a href="/wiki/Lagrangian_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagrangian point">Sun-Earth L<sub>2</sub> point</a> to wait for a suitable <a href="/wiki/Long-period_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-period comet">long-period comet</a> to intercept and flyby for study.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In case that no suitable comet is identified during its 3-year wait, the spacecraft could be tasked to intercept an interstellar object in short notice, if reachable.<sup id="cite_ref-OCallaghan2019_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCallaghan2019-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">Global catastrophic risk</a> – Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbolic_asteroid" title="Hyperbolic asteroid">Hyperbolic asteroid</a> – Astronomical object not orbiting the Sun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_leaving_the_Solar_System" title="List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System">List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hyperbolic_comets" title="List of hyperbolic comets">List of hyperbolic comets</a> – Comets that may not be orbiting the Sun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_greatest_aphelion" title="List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion">List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_black_hole" title="Rogue black hole">Rogue black hole</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Valtonen-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Valtonen_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valtonen_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valtonen_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFValtonenZhengMikkola1992" class="citation journal cs1">Valtonen, Mauri J.; Zheng, Jia-Qing; Mikkola, Seppo (March 1992). 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"Project Lyra: Catching 1I/'Oumuamua – Mission Opportunities After 2024". <i>Acta Astronautica</i>. <b>170</b>: 136–144. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.04935">1902.04935</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020AcAau.170..136H">2020AcAau.170..136H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.actaastro.2020.01.018">10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.01.018</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119078436">119078436</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Astronautica&rft.atitle=Project+Lyra%3A+Catching+1I%2F%27Oumuamua+%E2%80%93+Mission+Opportunities+After+2024&rft.volume=170&rft.pages=136-144&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1902.04935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119078436%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.actaastro.2020.01.018&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020AcAau.170..136H&rft.aulast=Hibberd&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Hein%2C+Andreas+M.&rft.au=Eubanks%2C+T.+Marshall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstellar+object" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hein2017-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hein2017_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinPerakisLongCrowl2017" class="citation arxiv cs1">Hein, A.M.; Perakis, N.; Long, K.F.; Crowl, A.; Eubanks, M.; Kennedy, R.G. 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"Project Lyra: Sending a Spacecraft to 1I/ʻOumuamua (former A/2017 U1), the Interstellar Asteroid". <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.03155">1711.03155</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/physics.space-ph">physics.space-ph</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=Project+Lyra%3A+Sending+a+Spacecraft+to+1I%2F%CA%BBOumuamua+%28former+A%2F2017+U1%29%2C+the+Interstellar+Asteroid&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1711.03155&rft.aulast=Hein&rft.aufirst=A.M.&rft.au=Perakis%2C+N.&rft.au=Long%2C+K.F.&rft.au=Crowl%2C+A.&rft.au=Eubanks%2C+M.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+R.G.+III&rft.au=Osborne%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstellar+object" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Ariel_moves_from_blueprint_to_reality">"Ariel moves from blueprint to reality"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a></i>. 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Interstellar Object"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=European+Comet+Interceptor+Could+Visit+an+Interstellar+Object&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Feuropean-comet-interceptor-could-visit-an-interstellar-object%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterstellar+object" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_object&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.02237">1702.02237</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AJ....153..133E">2017AJ....153..133E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-3881%2Faa5c8a">10.3847/1538-3881/aa5c8a</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54893830">54893830</a>.</cite><span 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Comets" title="Template:Comets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Comets" title="Template talk:Comets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Comets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Comets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_nucleus" title="Comet nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coma_(cometary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coma (cometary)">Coma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_tail" title="Comet tail">Tails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antitail" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitail">Antitail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_dust" title="Comet dust">Comet dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">Meteor shower</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyakutake_Color.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)"><img alt="Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/100px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/150px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hyakutake_Color.jpg/200px-Hyakutake_Color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_(32755885495).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/100px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/150px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/200px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Comet#Orbital_characteristics" title="Comet">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_periodic_comets" title="List of periodic comets">Periodic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_comets" title="List of numbered comets">Numbered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_long-period_comets" title="List of long-period comets">Long period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Halley-type_comets" title="List of Halley-type comets">Halley-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter-family_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter-family comet">Jupiter-family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Encke-type_comets" title="Category:Encke-type comets">Encke-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_asteroid" title="Active asteroid">Main-belt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-periodic_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-periodic comets">Non-periodic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">Near-parabolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hyperbolic_comets" title="List of hyperbolic comets">Hyperbolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comets_with_no_meaningful_orbit" title="List of comets with no meaningful orbit">Unknown-orbit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_comet" title="Great comet">Great Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungrazing_comet" title="Sungrazing comet">Sungrazing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kreutz_sungrazer" title="Kreutz sungrazer">Kreutz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinct_comet" title="Extinct comet">Extinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exocomet" title="Exocomet">Exocomet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interstellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_comets" title="Naming of comets">Naming of comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observational_history_of_comets" title="Observational history of comets">Observational history of comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)#Similarities_to_comets" class="mw-redirect" title="Centaur (minor planet)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Discoverers_of_comets" title="Category:Discoverers of comets">Comet discoverers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comets_discovered_by_the_LINEAR_project" title="List of comets discovered by the LINEAR project">LINEAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_atmosphere" title="Extraterrestrial atmosphere">Extraterrestrial atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_comets" title="List of missions to comets">List of missions to comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of comets visited by spacecraft">List of comets visited by spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Latest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2024_S1_(ATLAS)" title="C/2024 S1 (ATLAS)">C/2024 S1 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_P1_(Nishimura)" title="C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)">C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_H2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)">C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_E1_(ATLAS)" title="C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)">C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_A3_(Tsuchinshan%E2%80%93ATLAS)" title="C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)">C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2022_E3_(ZTF)" title="C/2022 E3 (ZTF)">C/2022 E3 (ZTF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_O3_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)">C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_J1_(Maury-Attard)" title="C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)">C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)">C/2021 A1 (Leonard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F5_(MASTER)" title="C/2020 F5 (MASTER)">C/2020 F5 (MASTER)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_NEOWISE" title="Comet NEOWISE">C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_Y4_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_Y1_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_U6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)">C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P/2019_LD2_(ATLAS)" title="P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)">P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_U7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2017 U7">C/2017 U7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_K2_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)">C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2016_U1_(NEOWISE)" title="C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)">C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_V2_(Johnson)" title="C/2015 V2 (Johnson)">C/2015 V2 (Johnson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_G2_(MASTER)" title="C/2015 G2 (MASTER)">C/2015 G2 (MASTER)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_UN271_(Bernardinelli%E2%80%93Bernstein)" title="C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)">C/2014 UN<sub>271</sub> (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Culture and<br />speculation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter_comet" title="Antimatter comet">Antimatter comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comets_in_fiction" title="Comets in fiction">Comets in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_vintages" title="Comet vintages">Comet vintages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Lists_of_comets_(more)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_comets" title="Lists of comets">Lists of comets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_comets" title="Category:Lists of comets">more</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_comets" title="List of numbered comets">Periodic<br />comets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Until 1985<br />(all)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">1P/Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Encke" title="Comet Encke">2P/Encke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biela%27s_Comet" title="Biela's Comet">3D/Biela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4P/Faye" title="4P/Faye">4P/Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5D/Brorsen" title="5D/Brorsen">5D/Brorsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6P/d%27Arrest" title="6P/d'Arrest">6P/d'Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7P/Pons%E2%80%93Winnecke" title="7P/Pons–Winnecke">7P/Pons–Winnecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8P/Tuttle" title="8P/Tuttle">8P/Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempel_1" title="Tempel 1">9P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10P/Tempel" title="10P/Tempel">10P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11P/Tempel%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR">11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12P/Pons%E2%80%93Brooks" title="12P/Pons–Brooks">12P/Pons–Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13P/Olbers" title="13P/Olbers">13P/Olbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14P/Wolf" title="14P/Wolf">14P/Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15P/Finlay" title="15P/Finlay">15P/Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16P/Brooks" title="16P/Brooks">16P/Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Holmes" title="Comet Holmes">17P/Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18D/Perrine%E2%80%93Mrkos" title="18D/Perrine–Mrkos">18D/Perrine–Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19P/Borrelly" title="19P/Borrelly">19P/Borrelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20D/Westphal" title="20D/Westphal">20D/Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21P/Giacobini%E2%80%93Zinner" title="21P/Giacobini–Zinner">21P/Giacobini–Zinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22P/Kopff" title="22P/Kopff">22P/Kopff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23P/Brorsen%E2%80%93Metcalf" title="23P/Brorsen–Metcalf">23P/Brorsen–Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24P/Schaumasse" title="24P/Schaumasse">24P/Schaumasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25D/Neujmin" title="25D/Neujmin">25D/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26P/Grigg%E2%80%93Skjellerup" title="26P/Grigg–Skjellerup">26P/Grigg–Skjellerup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27P/Crommelin" title="27P/Crommelin">27P/Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28P/Neujmin" title="28P/Neujmin">28P/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30P/Reinmuth" title="30P/Reinmuth">30P/Reinmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32P/Comas_Sol%C3%A0" title="32P/Comas Solà">32P/Comas Solà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33P/Daniel" title="33P/Daniel">33P/Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34D/Gale" title="34D/Gale">34D/Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35P/Herschel%E2%80%93Rigollet" title="35P/Herschel–Rigollet">35P/Herschel–Rigollet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36P/Whipple" title="36P/Whipple">36P/Whipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37P/Forbes" title="37P/Forbes">37P/Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38P/Stephan%E2%80%93Oterma" title="38P/Stephan–Oterma">38P/Stephan–Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39P/Oterma" title="39P/Oterma">39P/Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40P/V%C3%A4is%C3%A4l%C3%A4" title="40P/Väisälä">40P/Väisälä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41P/Tuttle%E2%80%93Giacobini%E2%80%93Kres%C3%A1k" title="41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák">41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42P/Neujmin" title="42P/Neujmin">42P/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43P/Wolf%E2%80%93Harrington" title="43P/Wolf–Harrington">43P/Wolf–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44P/Reinmuth" title="44P/Reinmuth">44P/Reinmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45P/Honda%E2%80%93Mrkos%E2%80%93Pajdu%C5%A1%C3%A1kov%C3%A1" title="45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková">45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46P/Wirtanen" title="46P/Wirtanen">46P/Wirtanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47P/Ashbrook%E2%80%93Jackson" title="47P/Ashbrook–Jackson">47P/Ashbrook–Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48P/Johnson" title="48P/Johnson">48P/Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49P/Arend%E2%80%93Rigaux" title="49P/Arend–Rigaux">49P/Arend–Rigaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50P/Arend" title="50P/Arend">50P/Arend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51P/Harrington" title="51P/Harrington">51P/Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52P/Harrington%E2%80%93Abell" title="52P/Harrington–Abell">52P/Harrington–Abell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53P/Van_Biesbroeck" title="53P/Van Biesbroeck">53P/Van Biesbroeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54P/de_Vico%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93NEAT" title="54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT">54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55P/Tempel%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="55P/Tempel–Tuttle">55P/Tempel–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56P/Slaughter%E2%80%93Burnham" title="56P/Slaughter–Burnham">56P/Slaughter–Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Neujmin%E2%80%93Delporte" title="57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte">57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58P/Jackson%E2%80%93Neujmin" title="58P/Jackson–Neujmin">58P/Jackson–Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59P/Kearns%E2%80%93Kwee" title="59P/Kearns–Kwee">59P/Kearns–Kwee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60P/Tsuchinshan" title="60P/Tsuchinshan">60P/Tsuchinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61P/Shajn%E2%80%93Schaldach" title="61P/Shajn–Schaldach">61P/Shajn–Schaldach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62P/Tsuchinshan" title="62P/Tsuchinshan">62P/Tsuchinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63P/Wild" title="63P/Wild">63P/Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64P/Swift%E2%80%93Gehrels" title="64P/Swift–Gehrels">64P/Swift–Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65P/Gunn" title="65P/Gunn">65P/Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66P/du_Toit" title="66P/du Toit">66P/du Toit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/68P/Klemola" title="68P/Klemola">68P/Klemola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69P/Taylor" title="69P/Taylor">69P/Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70P/Kojima" title="70P/Kojima">70P/Kojima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71P/Clark" title="71P/Clark">71P/Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72P/Denning%E2%80%93Fujikawa" title="72P/Denning–Fujikawa">72P/Denning–Fujikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/73P/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann" title="73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann">73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74P/Smirnova%E2%80%93Chernykh" title="74P/Smirnova–Chernykh">74P/Smirnova–Chernykh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75D/Kohoutek" title="75D/Kohoutek">75D/Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/76P/West%E2%80%93Kohoutek%E2%80%93Ikemura" title="76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura">76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/77P/Longmore" title="77P/Longmore">77P/Longmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78P/Gehrels" title="78P/Gehrels">78P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Hartley" title="79P/du Toit–Hartley">79P/du Toit–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80P/Peters%E2%80%93Hartley" title="80P/Peters–Hartley">80P/Peters–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81P/Wild" title="81P/Wild">81P/Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/82P/Gehrels" title="82P/Gehrels">82P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83D/Russell" title="83D/Russell">83D/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84P/Giclas" title="84P/Giclas">84P/Giclas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85D/Boethin" title="85D/Boethin">85D/Boethin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1985<br />(notable)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/88P/Howell" title="88P/Howell">88P/Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92P/Sanguin" title="92P/Sanguin">92P/Sanguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96P/Machholz" title="96P/Machholz">96P/Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97P/Metcalf%E2%80%93Brewington" title="97P/Metcalf–Brewington">97P/Metcalf–Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4015_Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" title="4015 Wilson–Harrington">107P/Wilson–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108P/Ciffr%C3%A9o" title="108P/Ciffréo">108P/Ciffréo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Swift%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="Comet Swift–Tuttle">109P/Swift–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122P/de_Vico" title="122P/de Vico">122P/de Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126P/IRAS" title="126P/IRAS">126P/IRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/141P/Machholz" title="141P/Machholz">141P/Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/144P/Kushida" title="144P/Kushida">144P/Kushida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/147P/Kushida%E2%80%93Muramatsu" title="147P/Kushida–Muramatsu">147P/Kushida–Muramatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/153P/Ikeya%E2%80%93Zhang" title="153P/Ikeya–Zhang">153P/Ikeya–Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/156P/Russell%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="156P/Russell–LINEAR">156P/Russell–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/161P/Hartley%E2%80%93IRAS" title="161P/Hartley–IRAS">161P/Hartley–IRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/162P/Siding_Spring" title="162P/Siding Spring">162P/Siding Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/168P/Hergenrother" title="168P/Hergenrother">168P/Hergenrother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/169P/NEAT" title="169P/NEAT">169P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/177P/Barnard" title="177P/Barnard">177P/Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/178P/Hug%E2%80%93Bell" title="178P/Hug–Bell">178P/Hug–Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/205P/Giacobini" title="205P/Giacobini">205P/Giacobini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/209P/LINEAR" title="209P/LINEAR">209P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/238P/Read" title="238P/Read">238P/Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/246P/NEAT" title="246P/NEAT">246P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/249P/LINEAR" title="249P/LINEAR">249P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/252P/LINEAR" title="252P/LINEAR">252P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/255P/Levy" title="255P/Levy">255P/Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/273P/Pons%E2%80%93Gambart" title="273P/Pons–Gambart">273P/Pons–Gambart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/289P/Blanpain" title="289P/Blanpain">289P/Blanpain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311P/PanSTARRS" title="311P/PanSTARRS">311P/PanSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/322P/SOHO" title="322P/SOHO">322P/SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/323P/SOHO" title="323P/SOHO">323P/SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/332P/Ikeya%E2%80%93Murakami" title="332P/Ikeya–Murakami">332P/Ikeya–Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/333P/LINEAR" title="333P/LINEAR">333P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/354P/LINEAR" title="354P/LINEAR">354P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(457175)_2008_GO98" title="(457175) 2008 GO98">362P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/460P/PanSTARRS" title="460P/PanSTARRS">460P/PanSTARRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Terminology" title="Asteroid">Comet-like<br />asteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/596_Scheila" title="596 Scheila">596 Scheila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2060_Chiron" title="2060 Chiron">2060 Chiron</a> (95P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4015_Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" title="4015 Wilson–Harrington">4015 Wilson–Harrington</a> (107P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7968_Elst%E2%80%93Pizarro" title="7968 Elst–Pizarro">7968 Elst–Pizarro</a> (133P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/165P/LINEAR" title="165P/LINEAR">165P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/166P/NEAT" title="166P/NEAT">166P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/167P/CINEOS" title="167P/CINEOS">167P/CINEOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60558_Echeclus" title="60558 Echeclus">60558 Echeclus</a> (174P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/118401_LINEAR" title="118401 LINEAR">118401 LINEAR</a> (176P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/238P/Read" title="238P/Read">238P/Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/259P/Garradd" title="259P/Garradd">259P/Garradd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311P/PanSTARRS" title="311P/PanSTARRS">311P/PanSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/324P/La_Sagra" title="324P/La Sagra">324P/La Sagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/331P/Gibbs" title="331P/Gibbs">331P/Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/354P/LINEAR" title="354P/LINEAR">354P/LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/358P/PANSTARRS" class="mw-redirect" title="358P/PANSTARRS">358P/PANSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P/2013_R3_(Catalina-PANSTARRS)" class="mw-redirect" title="P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)">P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(300163)_2006_VW139" title="(300163) 2006 VW139">(300163) 2006 VW139</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">Lost</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Recovered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9P/Tempel" class="mw-redirect" title="9P/Tempel">9P/Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11P/Tempel%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR">11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15P/Finlay" title="15P/Finlay">15P/Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Holmes" title="Comet Holmes">17P/Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27P/Crommelin" title="27P/Crommelin">27P/Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54P/de_Vico%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93NEAT" title="54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT">54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55P/Tempel%E2%80%93Tuttle" title="55P/Tempel–Tuttle">55P/Tempel–Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57P/du_Toit%E2%80%93Neujmin%E2%80%93Delporte" title="57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte">57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69P/Taylor" title="69P/Taylor">69P/Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72P/Denning%E2%80%93Fujikawa" title="72P/Denning–Fujikawa">72P/Denning–Fujikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80P/Peters%E2%80%93Hartley" title="80P/Peters–Hartley">80P/Peters–Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97P/Metcalf%E2%80%93Brewington" title="97P/Metcalf–Brewington">97P/Metcalf–Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4015_Wilson%E2%80%93Harrington" title="4015 Wilson–Harrington">107P/Wilson–Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/113P/Spitaler" title="113P/Spitaler">113P/Spitaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122P/de_Vico" title="122P/de Vico">122P/de Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/157P/Tritton" title="157P/Tritton">157P/Tritton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/205P/Giacobini" title="205P/Giacobini">205P/Giacobini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/206P/Barnard%E2%80%93Boattini" title="206P/Barnard–Boattini">206P/Barnard–Boattini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/226P/Pigott%E2%80%93LINEAR%E2%80%93Kowalski" title="226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski">226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/271P/van_Houten%E2%80%93Lemmon" title="271P/van Houten–Lemmon">271P/van Houten–Lemmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/289P/Blanpain" title="289P/Blanpain">289P/Blanpain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Destroyed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biela%27s_Comet" title="Biela's Comet">3D/Biela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy_9" title="Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9">D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Not found</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lexell%27s_Comet" title="Lexell's Comet">D/1770 L1 (Lexell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5D/Brorsen" title="5D/Brorsen">5D/Brorsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18D/Perrine%E2%80%93Mrkos" title="18D/Perrine–Mrkos">18D/Perrine–Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20D/Westphal" title="20D/Westphal">20D/Westphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25D/Neujmin" title="25D/Neujmin">25D/Neujmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34D/Gale" title="34D/Gale">34D/Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75D/Kohoutek" title="75D/Kohoutek">75D/Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83D/Russell" title="83D/Russell">83D/Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85D/Boethin" title="85D/Boethin">85D/Boethin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft#List_of_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" title="List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft">Visited by<br />spacecraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21P/Giacobini%E2%80%93Zinner" title="21P/Giacobini–Zinner">21P/Giacobini–Zinner</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">1P/Halley</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/26P/Grigg%E2%80%93Skjellerup" title="26P/Grigg–Skjellerup">26P/Grigg–Skjellerup</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19P/Borrelly" title="19P/Borrelly">19P/Borrelly</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/81P/Wild" title="81P/Wild">81P/Wild</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempel_1" title="Tempel 1">9P/Tempel</a> (2005, 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught" title="Comet McNaught">C/2006 P1</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">Near-Parabolic<br />comets<br />(notable)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Until 1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Comet" title="Caesar's Comet">C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X/1106_C1" title="X/1106 C1">X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1264" title="Great Comet of 1264">C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1402" title="Great Comet of 1402">C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1472" title="Great Comet of 1472">C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1577" title="Great Comet of 1577">C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1652_Y1" title="C/1652 Y1">C/1652 Y1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1680" title="Great Comet of 1680">C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1702_H1" title="C/1702 H1">C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_of_1729" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet of 1729">C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1744" title="Great Comet of 1744">C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1760_A1" title="C/1760 A1">C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1769_P1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1769 P1">C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1807_R1" title="C/1807 R1">C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1811" title="Great Comet of 1811">C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1819" title="Great Comet of 1819">C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1823" title="Great Comet of 1823">C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1843" title="Great Comet of 1843">C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1847_T1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1847 T1">C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Donati" title="Comet Donati">C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1861_G1_(Thatcher)" title="C/1861 G1 (Thatcher)">C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1861_J1" title="C/1861 J1">C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1865_B1" title="C/1865 B1">C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X/1872_X1" title="X/1872 X1">X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1874_H1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1874 H1">C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1881_K1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1881 K1">C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1882" title="Great Comet of 1882">C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_Comet_of_1887" title="Great Southern Comet of 1887">C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1901" title="Great Comet of 1901">C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_January_Comet_of_1910" title="Great January Comet of 1910">C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_O1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 O1">C/1911 O1 (Brooks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_S3" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 S3">C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skjellerup%E2%80%93Maristany" title="Comet Skjellerup–Maristany">C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1931_P1_(Ryves)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1931 P1 (Ryves)">C/1931 P1 (Ryves)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1941_B2_(de_Kock-Paraskevopoulos)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)">C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1947_X1_(Southern_Comet)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)">C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1948_V1" title="C/1948 V1">C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Arend%E2%80%93Roland" title="Comet Arend–Roland">C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1957_P1_(Mrkos)" title="C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)">C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard) (page does not exist)">C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Humason" title="Comet Humason">C/1961 R1 (Humason)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1962_C1_(Seki-Lines)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)">C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1963_A1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)">C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pereyra" title="Comet Pereyra">C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1964_N1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)">C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Ikeya%E2%80%93Seki" title="Comet Ikeya–Seki">C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka) (page does not exist)">C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Bennett" title="Comet Bennett">C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_White%E2%80%93Ortiz%E2%80%93Bolelli" title="Comet White–Ortiz–Bolelli">C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Kohoutek" title="Comet Kohoutek">C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_West" title="Comet West">C/1975 V1 (West)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1980_E1_(Bowell)" title="C/1980 E1 (Bowell)">C/1980 E1 (Bowell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_IRAS%E2%80%93Araki%E2%80%93Alcock" title="Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock">C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_W1_(Aarseth-Brewington)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)">C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_X1_(Austin)" title="C/1989 X1 (Austin)">C/1989 X1 (Austin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skorichenko%E2%80%93George" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Skorichenko–George">C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1990_K1_(Levy)" title="C/1990 K1 (Levy)">C/1990 K1 (Levy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1992_J1_(Spacewatch)" title="C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch)">C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught%E2%80%93Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet McNaught–Russell">C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp" title="Comet Hale–Bopp">C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hyakutake" title="Comet Hyakutake">C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Zhu%E2%80%93Balam" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Zhu–Balam">C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Stonehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Stonehouse">C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1998_J1_(SOHO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1998 J1 (SOHO) (page does not exist)">C/1998 J1 (SOHO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_F1_(Catalina)" title="C/1999 F1 (Catalina)">C/1999 F1 (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_S4_(LINEAR)" title="C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)">C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2000_WM1_(LINEAR)" title="C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)">C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_A2_(LINEAR)" title="C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)">C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_OG108" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2001 OG108">C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_Q4_(NEAT)" title="C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)">C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_T7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2002 T7">C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_V1_(NEAT)" title="C/2002 V1 (NEAT)">C/2002 V1 (NEAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2004_F4_(Bradfield)" title="C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)">C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Machholz" title="Comet Machholz">C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pojma%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Pojmański">C/2006 A1 (Pojmański)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2006_M4_(SWAN)" title="C/2006 M4 (SWAN)">C/2006 M4 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught" title="Comet McNaught">C/2006 P1 (McNaught)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_E2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)">C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2007 F1">C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Lulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Lulin">C/2007 N3 (Lulin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_Q3_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)">C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_W1_(Boattini)" title="C/2007 W1 (Boattini)">C/2007 W1 (Boattini)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Yi%E2%80%93SWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Yi–SWAN">C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2009_R1_(McNaught)" title="C/2009 R1 (McNaught)">C/2009 R1 (McNaught)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2010_X1_(Elenin)" title="C/2010 X1 (Elenin)">C/2010 X1 (Elenin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_L4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_W3_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)">C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_E2_(SWAN)" title="C/2012 E2 (SWAN)">C/2012 E2 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_K1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 K1">C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_ISON" title="Comet ISON">C/2012 S1 (ISON)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 R1">C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_US10_(Catalina)" title="C/2013 US10 (Catalina)">C/2013 US10 (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_V5_(Oukaimeden)" title="C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)">C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">C/2014 E2 (Jacques)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_V2_(Johnson)" title="C/2015 V2 (Johnson)">C/2015 V2 (Johnson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_K2_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)">C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_U6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)">C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_Y4_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F3_(NEOWISE)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)">C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)">C/2021 A1 (Leonard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2022_E3_(ZTF)" title="C/2022 E3 (ZTF)">C/2022 E3 (ZTF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_A3_(Tsuchinshan%E2%80%93ATLAS)" title="C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)">C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_P1_(Nishimura)" title="C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)">C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">After 1910<br />(by name)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_W1_(Aarseth-Brewington)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)">Aarseth-Brewington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Arend%E2%80%93Roland" title="Comet Arend–Roland">Arend–Roland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1989_X1_(Austin)" title="C/1989 X1 (Austin)">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_S3" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 S3">Beljawsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Bennett" title="Comet Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_W1_(Boattini)" title="C/2007 W1 (Boattini)">Boattini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">Borisov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1980_E1_(Bowell)" title="C/1980 E1 (Bowell)">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2004_F4_(Bradfield)" title="C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)">Bradfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1911_O1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1911 O1">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Sky_Survey" title="Catalina Sky Survey">Catalina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_F1_(Catalina)" title="C/1999 F1 (Catalina)">C/1999 F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_US10" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 US10">C/2013 US10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1941_B2_(de_Kock-Paraskevopoulos)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)">de Kock–Paraskevopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1948_V1" title="C/1948 V1">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2010_X1_(Elenin)" title="C/2010 X1 (Elenin)">Elenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp" title="Comet Hale–Bopp">Hale-Bopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Humason" title="Comet Humason">Humason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hyakutake" title="Comet Hyakutake">Hyakutake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaoru_Ikeya" title="Kaoru Ikeya">Ikeya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1963_A1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)">C/1963 A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1964_N1_(Ikeya)" title="C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)">C/1964 N1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Ikeya%E2%80%93Seki" title="Comet Ikeya–Seki">Ikeya-Seki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_IRAS%E2%80%93Araki%E2%80%93Alcock" title="Comet IRAS–Araki–Alcock">IRAS–Araki–Alcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_ISON" title="Comet ISON">ISON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">Iwamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_V2_(Johnson)" title="C/2015 V2 (Johnson)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Kohoutek" title="Comet Kohoutek">Kohoutek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lemmon_Observatory" title="Mount Lemmon Observatory">Lemmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_F6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)">C/2012 F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_U6_(Lemmon)" title="C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)">C/2019 U6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1990_K1_(Levy)" title="C/1990 K1 (Levy)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Research" title="Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research">LINEAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/1999_S4_(LINEAR)" title="C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)">C/1999 S4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2000_WM1_(LINEAR)" title="C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)">C/2000 WM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_A2_(LINEAR)" title="C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)">C/2001 A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_T7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2002 T7">C/2002 T7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory_Near-Earth-Object_Search" title="Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search">LONEOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_OG108" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2001 OG108">C/2001 OG108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2007 F1">C/2007 F1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Lovejoy" title="Terry Lovejoy">Lovejoy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_E2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)">C/2007 E2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_W3_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)">C/2011 W3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2013 R1">C/2013 R1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Lulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Lulin">Lulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Machholz" title="Comet Machholz">Machholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._McNaught" title="Robert H. McNaught">McNaught</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught" title="Comet McNaught">C/2006 P1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2009_R1_(McNaught)" title="C/2009 R1 (McNaught)">C/2009 R1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_McNaught%E2%80%93Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet McNaught–Russell">McNaught–Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1957_P1_(Mrkos)" title="C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)">Mrkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Tracking" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking">NEAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2001_Q4_(NEAT)" title="C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)">C/2001 Q4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2002_V1_(NEAT)" title="C/2002 V1 (NEAT)">C/2002 V1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_NEOWISE" title="Comet NEOWISE">NEOWISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_P1_(Nishimura)" title="C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)">Nishimura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_V5_(Oukaimeden)" title="C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)">Oukaimeden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua" title="ʻOumuamua">ʻOumuamua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2011_L4" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2011 L4">C/2011 L4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_K1" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 K1">C/2012 K1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311P/PanSTARRS" title="311P/PanSTARRS">311P/PanSTARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2015_ER61_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)">C/2015 ER61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_K2" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2017 K2">C/2017 K2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pereyra" title="Comet Pereyra">Pereyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Pojma%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Pojmański">Pojmański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryves_Comet" title="Ryves Comet">Ryves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1962_C1_(Seki-Lines)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)">Seki–Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siding_Spring_Observatory" title="Siding Spring Observatory">Siding Spring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2007_Q3_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)">C/2007 Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skjellerup%E2%80%93Maristany" title="Comet Skjellerup–Maristany">Skjellerup–Maristany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Skorichenko%E2%80%93George" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Skorichenko–George">Skorichenko–George</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1998_J1_(SOHO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1998 J1 (SOHO) (page does not exist)">SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1947_X1_(Southern_Comet)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/1992_J1_(Spacewatch)" title="C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch)">Spacewatch–Rabinowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Stonehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Stonehouse">Stonehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory#Instruments" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SWAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2006_M4_(SWAN)" title="C/2006 M4 (SWAN)">C/2006 M4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_E2_(SWAN)" title="C/2012 E2 (SWAN)">C/2012 E2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka) (page does not exist)">Tago-Sato-Kosaka</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1969_T1_(Tago-Sato-Kosaka)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2023_A3_(Tsuchinshan%E2%80%93ATLAS)" title="C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)">Tsuchinshan–ATLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_West" title="Comet West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_White%E2%80%93Ortiz%E2%80%93Bolelli" title="Comet White–Ortiz–Bolelli">White–Ortiz–Bolelli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard) (page does not exist)">Wilson–Hubbard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1961_O1_(Wilson-Hubbard)" class="extiw" title="de:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Yi%E2%80%93SWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Yi–SWAN">Yi–SWAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Zhu%E2%80%93Balam" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Zhu–Balam">Zhu–Balam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2022_E3_(ZTF)" title="C/2022 E3 (ZTF)">ZTF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Comets" title="Category:Comets">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Exoplanets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Exoplanet" title="Template:Exoplanet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Exoplanet" title="Template talk:Exoplanet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Exoplanet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Exoplanet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Exoplanets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Exoplanets</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_planet" title="Definition of planet">Definition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet" title="IAU definition of planet">IAU</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">Planetary science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Exoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_orbital_and_physical_parameters" title="Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters">Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Methods of detecting exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">Planetary system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet-hosting_star" title="Planet-hosting star">Planet-hosting stars</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/PDS_70" title="PDS 70"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/PDS_70.jpg/100px-PDS_70.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/PDS_70.jpg/150px-PDS_70.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/PDS_70.jpg/200px-PDS_70.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1692" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Sizes<br />and <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_planet_types" title="List of planet types">types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">Terrestrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_planet" title="Carbon planet">Carbon planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coreless_planet" title="Coreless planet">Coreless planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_planet" title="Desert planet">Desert planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hycean_planet" title="Hycean planet">Hycean planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_planet" title="Ice planet">Ice planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_planet" title="Iron planet">Iron planet</a> (Super-Mercury)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_planet" title="Lava planet">Lava planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_world" title="Ocean world">Ocean world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega-Earth" title="Mega-Earth">Mega-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Earth" title="Sub-Earth">Sub-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Earth" title="Super-Earth">Super-Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Gas_giant" title="Gas giant">Gaseous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eccentric_Jupiter" title="Eccentric Jupiter">Eccentric Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Neptune" title="Mini-Neptune">Mini-Neptune</a> (Gas dwarf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_planet" title="Helium planet">Helium planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Jupiter" title="Hot Jupiter">Hot Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Neptune" title="Hot Neptune">Hot Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_giant" title="Gas giant">Gas giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_giant" title="Ice giant">Ice giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Jupiter" title="Super-Jupiter">Super-Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Neptune" title="Super-Neptune">Super-Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-puff" title="Super-puff">Super-puff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-hot_Jupiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-hot Jupiter">Ultra-hot Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-hot_Neptune" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-hot Neptune">Ultra-hot Neptune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanet" title="Blanet">Blanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_dwarf" title="Brown dwarf">Brown dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chthonian_planet" title="Chthonian planet">Chthonian planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumbinary_planet" title="Circumbinary planet">Circumbinary planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumtriple_planet" title="Circumtriple planet">Circumtriple planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disrupted_planet" title="Disrupted planet">Disrupted planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_planet" title="Double planet">Double planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenopolis" title="Ecumenopolis">Ecumenopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyeball_planet" title="Eyeball planet">Eyeball planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_planet" title="Giant planet">Giant planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoplanet" title="Mesoplanet">Mesoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary-mass_object" title="Planetary-mass object">Planemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_dwarf#Low-mass_brown_dwarfs_versus_high-mass_planets" title="Brown dwarf">Planet/Brown dwarf boundary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanet" title="Protoplanet">Protoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_planet" title="Pulsar planet">Pulsar planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-brown_dwarf" title="Sub-brown dwarf">Sub-brown dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Neptune" title="Sub-Neptune">Sub-Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toroidal_planet" title="Toroidal planet">Toroidal planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-cool_dwarf" title="Ultra-cool dwarf">Ultra-cool dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-short_period_planet" title="Ultra-short period planet">Ultra-short period planet (USP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System" title="Formation and evolution of the Solar System">Formation <br />and <br />evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">Accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Accretion disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumplanetary_disk" title="Circumplanetary disk">Circumplanetary disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_disc" title="Circumstellar disc">Circumstellar disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_envelope" title="Circumstellar envelope">Circumstellar envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debris_disk" title="Debris disk">Debris disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disrupted_planet" title="Disrupted planet">Disrupted planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk#Excretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Excretion disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exozodiacal_dust" title="Exozodiacal dust">Exozodiacal dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_materials" title="Extraterrestrial materials">Extraterrestrial materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_sample_curation" title="Extraterrestrial sample curation">Extraterrestrial sample curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant-impact_hypothesis" title="Giant-impact hypothesis">Giant-impact hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_collapse" title="Gravitational collapse">Gravitational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" title="Hills cloud">Hills cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_interiors" title="Exoplanet interiors">Internal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_dust_cloud" title="Interplanetary dust cloud">Interplanetary dust cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_medium" title="Interplanetary medium">Interplanetary medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Interplanetary space">Interplanetary space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_cloud" title="Interstellar cloud">Interstellar cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_dust" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstellar dust">Interstellar dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">Interstellar medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space#Interstellar_space" title="Outer space">Interstellar space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_collision#Formation_of_planets" title="Stellar collision">Merging stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_cloud" title="Molecular cloud">Molecular cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis" title="Nebular hypothesis">Nebular hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">Outer space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_migration" title="Planetary migration">Planetary migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">Planetary system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis#Formation_of_planets" title="Nebular hypothesis">Planet formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">Protoplanetary disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_system" title="Ring system">Ring system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubble_pile" title="Rubble pile">Rubble pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample-return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_formation" title="Star formation">Star formation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">Systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exocomet" title="Exocomet">Exocomet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstellar comet">Interstellar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exomoon" title="Exomoon">Exomoon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tidally_detached_exomoon" title="Tidally detached exomoon">Tidally detached</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">Rogue planet</a></li> <li>Orbits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retrograde_and_prograde_motion#Exoplanets" title="Retrograde and prograde motion">Retrograde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-orbital_configuration#Trojans" title="Co-orbital configuration">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance#Mean-motion_resonances_among_extrasolar_planets" title="Orbital resonance">Mean-motion resonances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titius%E2%80%93Bode_law#Lunar_systems_and_other_planetary_systems" title="Titius–Bode law">Titius–Bode law</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system#Planet-hosting_stars" title="Planetary system">Host stars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-type_main-sequence_star#Planets" title="A-type main-sequence star">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-type_main-sequence_star#Planets" title="B-type main-sequence star">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_star#Planets" title="Binary star">Binary star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_dwarf#Planets_around_brown_dwarfs" title="Brown dwarf">Brown dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-type_main-sequence_star#Planets" title="F-type main-sequence star">F/Yellow-white dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-type_main-sequence_star#Planets" title="G-type main-sequence star">G/Yellow dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbig_Ae/Be_star#Planets" title="Herbig Ae/Be star">Herbig Ae/Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-type_main-sequence_star#Planets" title="K-type main-sequence star">K/Orange dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_dwarf#Planets" title="Red dwarf">M/Red dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_planet" title="Pulsar planet">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_giant#Planets" title="Red giant">Red giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdwarf_B_star#Planetary_systems" title="Subdwarf B star">Subdwarf B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subgiant#Planets" title="Subgiant">Subgiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Tauri_star#Planets" title="T Tauri star">T Tauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf#Debris_disks_and_planets" title="White dwarf">White dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_giant#Planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow giant">Yellow giants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Detection</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrometry" title="Astrometry">Astrometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets#Direct_imaging" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Direct imaging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_directly_imaged_exoplanets" title="List of directly imaged exoplanets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_microlensing" title="Gravitational microlensing">Microlensing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_detected_by_microlensing" title="List of exoplanets detected by microlensing">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarimetry" title="Polarimetry">Polarimetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets#Pulsar_timing" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Timing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_detected_by_timing" title="List of exoplanets detected by timing">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppler_spectroscopy" title="Doppler spectroscopy">Radial velocity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_detected_by_radial_velocity" title="List of exoplanets detected by radial velocity">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets#Transit_photometry" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Transit method</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transiting_exoplanets" title="List of transiting exoplanets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit-timing_variation" title="Transit-timing variation">Transit-timing variation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Habitability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrooceanography" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrooceanography">Astrooceanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">Circumstellar habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" title="Galactic habitable zone">Galactic habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" title="Habitability of binary star systems">Habitability of binary star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_F-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_K-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_natural_satellites" title="Habitability of natural satellites">Habitability of natural satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_neutron_star_systems" title="Habitability of neutron star systems">Habitability of neutron star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_yellow_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of yellow dwarf systems">Habitability of yellow dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone_for_complex_life" title="Habitable zone for complex life">Habitable zone for complex life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">List of potentially habitable exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">Tholin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhabitable_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhabitable planet">Superhabitable planet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Catalogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalog_of_Nearby_Habitable_Systems" title="Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems">Nearby Habitable Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_Data_Explorer" title="Exoplanet Data Explorer">Exoplanet Data Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_Planets_Encyclopaedia" title="Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia">Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Exoplanet_Archive" title="NASA Exoplanet Archive">NASA Exoplanet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Star_and_Exoplanet_Database" title="NASA Star and Exoplanet Database">NASA Star and Exoplanet Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Exoplanet_Catalogue" title="Open Exoplanet Catalogue">Open Exoplanet Catalogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_planets" title="Lists of planets">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Exoplanetary systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanetary_host_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of exoplanetary host stars">Host stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multiplanetary_systems" title="List of multiplanetary systems">Multiplanetary systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_with_proplyds" title="List of stars with proplyds">Stars with proto-planetary discs</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_exoplanets" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of exoplanets">Exoplanets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discoveries_of_exoplanets" title="Discoveries of exoplanets">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanet_extremes" title="List of exoplanet extremes">Extremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanet_firsts" title="List of exoplanet firsts">Firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_exoplanets" title="List of nearest exoplanets">Nearest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_exoplanets" title="List of largest exoplanets">Largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_massive_exoplanets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most massive exoplanets">Heaviest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_terrestrial_exoplanet_candidates" title="List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates">Terrestrial candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope:_1%E2%80%93500" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope: 1–500">1–500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope:_501%E2%80%931000" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope: 501–1000">501–1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope:_1001%E2%80%931500" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope: 1001–1500">1001–1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope:_1501%E2%80%932000" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope: 1501–2000">1501–2000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_observed_during_Kepler%27s_K2_mission" title="List of exoplanets observed during Kepler's K2 mission">K2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">Potentially habitable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proper_names_of_exoplanets" title="List of proper names of exoplanets">Proper names</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Discovered exoplanets by year <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_before_2000" title="List of exoplanets discovered before 2000">before 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_between_2000%E2%80%932009" title="List of exoplanets discovered between 2000–2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2010" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2011" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2012" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2013" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2014" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2015" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2016" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2017" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2018" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2019" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2020" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2021" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2022" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2023" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2024" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2024">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan_Institute" title="Carl Sagan Institute">Carl Sagan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_naming_convention" title="Exoplanet naming convention">Exoplanet naming convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_curve_(astronomy)#Exoplanets" title="Phase curve (astronomy)">Exoplanet phase curves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extragalactic_planet" title="Extragalactic planet">Extragalactic planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodynamics_of_terrestrial_exoplanets" title="Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets">Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptunian_desert" title="Neptunian desert">Neptunian desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globular_cluster#Planets" title="Globular cluster">Planets in globular clusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_planet_radius_gap" title="Small planet radius gap">Small planet radius gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarsky%27s_gas_giant_classification" title="Sudarsky's gas giant classification">Sudarsky's gas giant classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discoveries_of_exoplanets" title="Discoveries of exoplanets">Discoveries of exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanet_search_projects" title="List of exoplanet search projects">Search projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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