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Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كارلو روبيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارلو روبيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کارلو روبیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارلو روبیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="কার্লো রুবিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্লো রুবিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Карла Рубія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карла Рубія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Карло Рубия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карло Рубия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Κάρλο Ρούμπια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρλο Ρούμπια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کارلو روبیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارلو روبیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC%EB%A1%9C_%EB%A3%A8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="카를로 루비아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카를로 루비아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%B8_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կառլո Ռուբիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կառլո Ռուբիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कार्लो रुबिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्लो रुबिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="קרלו רוביה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרלו רוביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Карло Руббиа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Карло Руббиа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Rubbia" title="Carolus Rubbia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_Rubija" title="Karlo Rubija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karlo Rubija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Карло Рубија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карло Рубија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कार्लो रुब्बिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्लो रुब्बिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كارلو روبيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارلو روبيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کارلو روبیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کارلو روبیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कार्लो रुबिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कार्लो रुबिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2" title="カルロ・ルビア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルロ・ルビア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کارلو ربیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کارلو ربیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B0,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Руббиа, Карло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руббиа, Карло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कार्लो रुबिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कार्लो रुबिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlu_Rubbia" title="Carlu Rubbia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carlu Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%86_%DA%95%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کارلۆ ڕوبیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارلۆ ڕوبیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Карло Рубија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карло Рубија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Карло Руббиа – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Карло Руббиа" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B0" title="Карло Руббіа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карло Руббіа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کارلو روبیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کارلو روبیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="卡洛·鲁比亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡洛·鲁比亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Carlo Rubbia" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="卡洛·鲁比亚 – Chinese" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg/200px-Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg/300px-Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg/400px-Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="3448" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Carlo Rubbia</b>, <span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">OMRI</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Order_of_Merit_for_Culture_and_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian Order of Merit for Culture and Art (not yet started)">OMCA</a></span> (born 31 March 1934) is an <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">particle physicist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inventor" title="Inventor">inventor</a>. He shared the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1984 with <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a> for work leading to the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons" title="W and Z bosons">W and Z particles</a> at <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born in <a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/Academia_Europaea" title="Academia Europaea">Academia Europaea</a> in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Rubbia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Rubbia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDarriulat2004" class="citation journal cs1">Darriulat, Pierre (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/1733604">"The W and Z particles: a personal recollection"</a>. <i>CERN Courier</i>. <b>44</b> (3): 13–16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Courier&rft.atitle=The+W+and+Z+particles%3A+a+personal+recollection&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=13-16&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Darriulat&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Frecord%2F1733604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlo+Rubbia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/1734391">"CERN honours Carlo Rubbia as he turns 75"</a>. <i>CERN Courier</i>. <b>49</b> (5): 27. June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Courier&rft.atitle=CERN+honours+Carlo+Rubbia+as+he+turns+75&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=27&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Frecord%2F1734391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlo+Rubbia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCatapano2014" class="citation journal cs1">Catapano, Paola (September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/58540">"Carlo Rubbia: a passion for physics and a craving for new ideas"</a>. <i>CERN Courier</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CERN+Courier&rft.atitle=Carlo+Rubbia%3A+a+passion+for+physics+and+a+craving+for+new+ideas&rft.date=2014-09&rft.aulast=Catapano&rft.aufirst=Paola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcerncourier.com%2Fcws%2Farticle%2Fcern%2F58540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlo+Rubbia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1984/press.html">Nobel prize press release about Rubbia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9064313?query=rubbia&ct=">Article on Carlo Rubbia from Encyclopædia Britannica</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casinapioiv.va/content/accademia/en/academicians/ordinary/rubbia.html">Carlo Rubbia's biography and lectures on the website</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Pontifical Academy of Sciences</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inspirehep.net/author/profile/C.Rubbia.1">Scientific publications of Carlo Rubbia</a> on <a href="/w/index.php?title=INSPIRE-HEP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INSPIRE-HEP (not yet started)">INSPIRE-HEP</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328104806/https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Rubbia_Carlo">"Carlo Rubbia"</a>. Academia Europaea. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Rubbia_Carlo">the original</a> on 28 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carlo+Rubbia&rft.pub=Academia+Europaea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ae-info.org%2Fae%2FMember%2FRubbia_Carlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlo+Rubbia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> about a <a href="/wiki/Category:People_stubs" title="Category:People stubs">person</a> or group of people can be made longer. 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Röntgen">Röntgen</a> (1901) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> (1902) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a> (1903) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a> (1904) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a> (1905) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">Thomson</a> (1906) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a> (1907) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a> (1908) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ferdinand_Braun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun (not yet started)">Braun</a> (1909) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a> (1910) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Wien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Wien (not yet started)">Wien</a> (1911) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustaf Dalén (not yet started)">Dalén</a> (1912) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (not yet started)">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_von_Laue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max von Laue (not yet started)">Laue</a> (1914) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a> (1915) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Glover_Barkla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Glover Barkla (not yet started)">Barkla</a> (1917) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> (1918) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Stark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Stark (not yet started)">Stark</a> (1919) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume (not yet started)">Guillaume</a> (1920) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> (1921) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a> (1922) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a> (1923) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manne_Siegbahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manne Siegbahn (not yet started)">M. Siegbahn</a> (1924) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Franck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Franck (not yet started)">Franck</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz (not yet started)">Hertz</a> (1925)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin (not yet started)">Perrin</a> (1926) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Compton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Compton (not yet started)">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a> (1927) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Willans_Richardson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Willans Richardson (not yet started)">O. Richardson</a> (1928) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a> (1929) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a> (1930) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> (1932) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> (1933) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> (1935) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Francis_Hess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Francis Hess (not yet started)">Hess</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_David_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl David Anderson (not yet started)">C. D. Anderson</a> (1936) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinton_Davisson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinton Davisson (not yet started)">Davisson</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Paget_Thomson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Paget Thomson (not yet started)">Thomson</a> (1937) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> (1938) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a> (1939) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a> (1943) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isidor_Isaac_Rabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi (not yet started)">Rabi</a> (1944) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a> (1945) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percy Williams Bridgman (not yet started)">Bridgman</a> (1946) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Victor_Appleton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Victor Appleton (not yet started)">Appleton</a> (1947) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett (not yet started)">Blackett</a> (1948) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hideki_Yukawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hideki Yukawa (not yet started)">Yukawa</a> (1949) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_Frank_Powell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil Frank Powell (not yet started)">Powell</a> (1950)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cockcroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cockcroft (not yet started)">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Walton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Walton (not yet started)">Walton</a> (1951) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Mills_Purcell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Mills Purcell (not yet started)">Purcell</a> (1952) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frits_Zernike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frits Zernike (not yet started)">Zernike</a> (1953) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walther_Bothe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walther Bothe (not yet started)">Bothe</a> (1954) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Lamb (not yet started)">Lamb</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polykarp_Kusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polykarp Kusch (not yet started)">Kusch</a> (1955) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Houser_Brattain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Houser Brattain (not yet started)">Brattain</a> (1956) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a> (1957) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilya Frank (not yet started)">Frank</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Igor_Tamm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igor Tamm (not yet started)">Tamm</a> (1958) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilio G. Segrè (not yet started)">Segrè</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Chamberlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Chamberlain (not yet started)">Chamberlain</a> (1959) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a> (1960) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a> (1961) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a> (1962) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a> (1963) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Basov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Basov (not yet started)">Basov</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Prokhorov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Prokhorov (not yet started)">Prokhorov</a> (1964) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-Itiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> (1965) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a> (1966) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a> (1967) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a> (1968) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> (1969) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_N%C3%A9el&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Néel (not yet started)">Néel</a> (1970) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a> (1971) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a> (1972) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a> (1973) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a> (1974) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" class="mw-redirect" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a> (1975)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a> (1976) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a> (1977) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a> (1978) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a> (1979) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a> (1980) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a> (1981) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a> (1982) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a> (1983) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van der Meer</a> (1984) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a> (1985) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a> (1986) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a> (1987) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a> (1988) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a> (1989) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a> (1990) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a> (1991) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a> (1992) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.">J. Taylor</a> (1993) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a> (1994) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a> (1995) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(physicist)" title="David Lee (physicist)">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_D._Osheroff" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas D. Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a> (1996) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a> (1997) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a> (1998) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a> (1999) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a> (2000)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a> (2001) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Davis, Jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a> (2002) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexeyevich_Abrikosov" title="Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a> (2003) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> (2004) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a> (2005) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" class="mw-redirect" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a> (2006) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a> (2007) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a> (2008) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a> (2009) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a> (2010) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a> (2011) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a> (2012) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> (2013) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a> (2014) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a> (2015) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a> (2016) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a> (2017) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a> (2018) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a> (2019) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez" title="Andrea M. 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