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Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%86" title="بريان جوزيفسن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريان جوزيفسن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="بریان دیوید جوزفسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بریان دیوید جوزفسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="ব্রায়ান ডেভিড জোসেফসন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রায়ান ডেভিড জোসেফসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Браян Дэйвід Джозефсан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Браян Дэйвід Джозефсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Брайън Джоузефсън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Брайън Джоузефсън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_D._Josephson" title="Brian D. Josephson – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brian D. Josephson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%86%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Μπράιαν Τζόζεφσον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπράιαν Τζόζεφσον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="بریان دیوید جوزفسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بریان دیوید جوزفسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%ED%94%84%EC%8A%A8" title="브라이언 데이비드 조지프슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브라이언 데이비드 조지프슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Բրայան Ջոզեֆսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրայան Ջոզեֆսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रायन जोसेफसन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रायन जोसेफसन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="בריאן ג'וזפסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בריאן ג'וזפסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბრაიან ჯოუზეფსონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრაიან ჯოუზეფსონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Брайан Дэвид Джозефсон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Брайан Дэвид Джозефсон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_D._Josephson" title="Brian D. Josephson – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Brian D. Josephson" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braiens_D%C5%BEozefsons" title="Braiens Džozefsons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Braiens Džozefsons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Брајан Џозефсон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брајан Џозефсон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रायन डेव्हिड जोसेफसन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रायन डेव्हिड जोसेफसन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%86" title="بريان چوزيفسن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بريان چوزيفسن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="بریان دیوید جوزفسون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بریان دیوید جوزفسون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रायन डी जोसेफसन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ब्रायन डी जोसेफसन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%82%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="ブライアン・ジョゼフソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブライアン・ジョゼフソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%86" title="برائن جوزفسن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برائن جوزفسن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Джозефсон, Брайан Дэвид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джозефсон, Брайан Дэвид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रायन जोसेफसन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ब्रायन जोसेफसन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Брајан Дејвид Џозефсон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брајан Дејвид Џозефсон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பிறையன் ஜோசப்சன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிறையன் ஜோசப்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D2%96%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Браян Девид Җозефсон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Браян Девид Җозефсон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Браян Девід Джозефсон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Браян Девід Джозефсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%86" title="برائن ڈیوڈ جوزف سن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برائن ڈیوڈ جوزف سن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Brian David Josephson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%96%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%E6%A3%AE" title="布赖恩·约瑟夫森 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="布赖恩·约瑟夫森" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Brian Josephson" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%96%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%E6%A3%AE" title="布赖恩·约瑟夫森 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布赖恩·约瑟夫森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181363#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline-block">Brian Josephson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brian_Josephson,_March_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Brian_Josephson%2C_March_2004.jpg/160px-Brian_Josephson%2C_March_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Brian_Josephson%2C_March_2004.jpg/240px-Brian_Josephson%2C_March_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Brian_Josephson%2C_March_2004.jpg/320px-Brian_Josephson%2C_March_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1696" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1940-01-04</span>) </span>4 January 1940<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 84)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">His work in <a href="/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics" title="Condensed matter physics">condensed matter physics</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josephson_effect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josephson effect (not yet started)">Josephson effect</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Physics">Nobel Prize for Physics</a> (1973)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Brian David Josephson</b>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_CV_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_CV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (born 4 January 1940; <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a><sup id="cite_ref-britannicaNP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaNP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a Welsh <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physicist</a> who became a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel laureate</a> in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicaNP_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaNP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-N73_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N73-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is of <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of late 2007, he was a retired professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, where he is the head of the <a href="#Mind–Matter_Unification_Project">Mind–Matter Unification Project</a> in the Theory of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensed_Matter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Condensed Matter (not yet started)">Condensed Matter</a> (TCM) research group. He is also a fellow of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Josephson is one of the more well-known scientists who say that <a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">parapsychological</a> phenomena may be real, and is also interested in the possibility that Eastern mysticism may have relevance to scientific understanding. In 2005, Josephson said that "parapsychology should now have become a conventional field of research, and yet parapsychology's claims are still not generally accepted". He compared this situation to that of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wegener" title="Alfred Wegener">Alfred Wegener</a>'s hypothesis of <a href="/wiki/Continental_drift" title="Continental drift">continental drift</a>, where there was initially great resistance to acceptance despite the strength of the evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-thalstorm_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thalstorm-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_David_Josephson&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_David_Josephson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nobel_CV-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_CV_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1973/josephson-cv.html">"Brian D. Josephson – Curriculum Vitae"</a>. The Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brian+D.+Josephson+%E2%80%93+Curriculum+Vitae&rft.pub=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1973%2Fjosephson-cv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABrian+David+Josephson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannicaNP-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannicaNP_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannicaNP_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/nobelprize/article-9044004">"Encyclopedia Britannica's Guide to the Nobel Prizes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica%27s+Guide+to+the+Nobel+Prizes&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fnobelprize%2Farticle-9044004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABrian+David+Josephson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N73-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-N73_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1973/index.html">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973"</a>. Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1973&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1973%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABrian+David+Josephson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFService1983" class="citation book cs1">Service, International Publications (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_xJ4R0t9G3oC"><i>International Who's Who, 1983-84</i></a>. Europa Publications Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905118-86-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905118-86-4"><bdi>978-0-905118-86-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Who%27s+Who%2C+1983-84&rft.pub=Europa+Publications+Limited&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-905118-86-4&rft.aulast=Service&rft.aufirst=International+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_xJ4R0t9G3oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABrian+David+Josephson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/josephson.html">"Brian David Josephson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=Brian+David+Josephson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fbiography%2Fjosephson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABrian+David+Josephson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thalstorm-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-thalstorm_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFThalbourneStorm2014" class="citation book cs1">Thalbourne, Michael A.; Storm, Lance (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YxDddIkpmnYC"><i>Parapsychology in the Twenty-First Century: Essays on the Future of Psychical Research</i></a>. McFarland. pp. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8446-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8446-1"><bdi>978-0-7864-8446-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parapsychology+in+the+Twenty-First+Century%3A+Essays+on+the+Future+of+Psychical+Research&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8446-1&rft.aulast=Thalbourne&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft.au=Storm%2C+Lance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYxDddIkpmnYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ABrian+David+Josephson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Physics (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winners_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Winners of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a> (1901) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> (1902) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a> (1903) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a> (1904) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a> (1905) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">Thomson</a> (1906) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a> (1907) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a> (1908) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ferdinand_Braun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun (not yet started)">Braun</a> (1909) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a> (1910) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Wien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Wien (not yet started)">Wien</a> (1911) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustaf Dalén (not yet started)">Dalén</a> (1912) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (not yet started)">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_von_Laue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max von Laue (not yet started)">Laue</a> (1914) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a> (1915) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Glover_Barkla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Glover Barkla (not yet started)">Barkla</a> (1917) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> (1918) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Stark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Stark (not yet started)">Stark</a> (1919) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume (not yet started)">Guillaume</a> (1920) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> (1921) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a> (1922) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a> (1923) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manne_Siegbahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manne Siegbahn (not yet started)">M. Siegbahn</a> (1924) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Franck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Franck (not yet started)">Franck</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz (not yet started)">Hertz</a> (1925)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin (not yet started)">Perrin</a> (1926) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Compton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Compton (not yet started)">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a> (1927) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Willans_Richardson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Willans Richardson (not yet started)">O. Richardson</a> (1928) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a> (1929) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a> (1930) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> (1932) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> (1933) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> (1935) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Francis_Hess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Francis Hess (not yet started)">Hess</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_David_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl David Anderson (not yet started)">C. D. Anderson</a> (1936) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinton_Davisson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinton Davisson (not yet started)">Davisson</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Paget_Thomson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Paget Thomson (not yet started)">Thomson</a> (1937) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> (1938) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a> (1939) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a> (1943) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isidor_Isaac_Rabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi (not yet started)">Rabi</a> (1944) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a> (1945) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percy Williams Bridgman (not yet started)">Bridgman</a> (1946) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Victor_Appleton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Victor Appleton (not yet started)">Appleton</a> (1947) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett (not yet started)">Blackett</a> (1948) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hideki_Yukawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hideki Yukawa (not yet started)">Yukawa</a> (1949) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_Frank_Powell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil Frank Powell (not yet started)">Powell</a> (1950)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cockcroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cockcroft (not yet started)">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Walton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Walton (not yet started)">Walton</a> (1951) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Mills_Purcell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Mills Purcell (not yet started)">Purcell</a> (1952) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frits_Zernike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frits Zernike (not yet started)">Zernike</a> (1953) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walther_Bothe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walther Bothe (not yet started)">Bothe</a> (1954) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Lamb (not yet started)">Lamb</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polykarp_Kusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polykarp Kusch (not yet started)">Kusch</a> (1955) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Houser_Brattain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Houser Brattain (not yet started)">Brattain</a> (1956) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a> (1957) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilya Frank (not yet started)">Frank</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Igor_Tamm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igor Tamm (not yet started)">Tamm</a> (1958) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilio G. Segrè (not yet started)">Segrè</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Chamberlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Chamberlain (not yet started)">Chamberlain</a> (1959) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a> (1960) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a> (1961) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a> (1962) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a> (1963) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Basov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Basov (not yet started)">Basov</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Prokhorov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Prokhorov (not yet started)">Prokhorov</a> (1964) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-Itiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> (1965) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a> (1966) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a> (1967) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a> (1968) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> (1969) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_N%C3%A9el&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Néel (not yet started)">Néel</a> (1970) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a> (1971) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a> (1972) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Josephson</a> (1973) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a> (1974) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" class="mw-redirect" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a> (1975)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a> (1976) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a> (1977) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a> (1978) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a> (1979) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a> (1980) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a> (1981) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a> (1982) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a> (1983) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van der Meer</a> (1984) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a> (1985) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a> (1986) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a> (1987) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a> (1988) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a> (1989) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a> (1990) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a> (1991) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a> (1992) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.">J. Taylor</a> (1993) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a> (1994) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a> (1995) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(physicist)" title="David Lee (physicist)">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_D._Osheroff" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas D. Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a> (1996) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a> (1997) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a> (1998) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a> (1999) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a> (2000)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a> (2001) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Davis, Jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a> (2002) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexeyevich_Abrikosov" title="Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a> (2003) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> (2004) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a> (2005) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" class="mw-redirect" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a> (2006) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a> (2007) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a> (2008) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a> (2009) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a> (2010) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a> (2011) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a> (2012) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> (2013) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a> (2014) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a> (2015) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a> (2016) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a> (2017) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a> (2018) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a> (2019) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez" title="Andrea M. Ghez">Ghez</a> (2020) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> (2021) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a> (2022) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a> (2023) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> (2024)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;'''"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_winners" title="Category:Nobel Prize in Physics winners">Category:Nobel Prize in Physics winners</a> <b>·</b>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Commons-logo-en.svg/16px-Commons-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Commons-logo-en.svg/24px-Commons-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Commons-logo-en.svg/32px-Commons-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> about a <a href="/wiki/Category:People_stubs" title="Category:People stubs">person</a> or group of people can be made longer. 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