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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Latin American and Caribbean History</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">55,247 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Latin American and Caribbean History</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20271312" data-work_id="20271312" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20271312/Designing_Afro_Latino_Curriculum_for_Self_Determination">Designing Afro-Latino Curriculum for Self-Determination</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">I propose a rich theoretical understanding on Afro-Latino student development based on critical race theory, culturally responsive pedagogy and practice. Addressing racial disparities is about engaging students thereby making their lives... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20271312" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">I propose a rich theoretical understanding on Afro-Latino student development based on critical race theory, culturally responsive pedagogy and practice. Addressing racial disparities is about engaging students thereby making their lives better. I believe that creating Afro-Latino pedagogy will create a community of practice in which inquiry is a cornerstone of continuous student self-redefinition through improvement in culturally responsive systems.<br />We need educators to get involved with Afro-Latino students, our history and the way we occupy space in the Americas in order to address this gap in education.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20271312" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7831944b1a798712ab9d11d44b6d1e5d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41140156,"asset_id":20271312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41140156/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23749463" href="https://kansas.academia.edu/williamgarcia">William Garcia-Medina</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23749463" type="text/json">{"id":23749463,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Garcia-Medina","domain_name":"kansas","page_name":"williamgarcia","display_name":"William Garcia-Medina","profile_url":"https://kansas.academia.edu/williamgarcia?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23749463/7218095/19821263/s65_william.garcia.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20271312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20271312"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20271312, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20271312", }); 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I believe that creating Afro-Latino pedagogy will create a community of practice in which inquiry is a cornerstone of continuous student self-redefinition through improvement in culturally responsive systems.\nWe need educators to get involved with Afro-Latino students, our history and the way we occupy space in the Americas in order to address this gap in education.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41140156,"asset_id":20271312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23749463,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Garcia-Medina","domain_name":"kansas","page_name":"williamgarcia","display_name":"William Garcia-Medina","profile_url":"https://kansas.academia.edu/williamgarcia?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23749463/7218095/19821263/s65_william.garcia.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American 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Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Education?f_ri=1250"},{"id":51625,"name":"Educación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=1250"},{"id":54616,"name":"Universidad de Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universidad_de_Puerto_Rico?f_ri=1250"},{"id":54848,"name":"Latinos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latinos?f_ri=1250"},{"id":86374,"name":"U.S. Afro-Latino Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U.S._Afro-Latino_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":86376,"name":"Afro-Latino Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afro-Latino_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":98175,"name":"Minstrelsy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minstrelsy_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":256744,"name":"Afro-Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afro-Latin_America?f_ri=1250"},{"id":1238073,"name":"Afrodescendencia En América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afrodescendencia_En_America_Latina?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31709783" data-work_id="31709783" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31709783/2017_The_Caribbean_Cruise_Ship_Business_and_the_Emergence_of_a_Transnational_Capitalist_Class_Journal_of_World_Systems_Research_Vol_23_No_1_pp_93_125">2017 "The Caribbean Cruise Ship Business and the Emergence of a Transnational Capitalist Class," Journal of World-Systems Research, Vol. 23, No. 1. pp. 93-125.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper will provide an overview of the fundamental changes that the cruise ship business has undergone with the emergence of capitalist globalization and in the context of the Caribbean region. Rising profits and investments in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31709783" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper will provide an overview of the fundamental changes that the cruise ship business has undergone with the emergence of capitalist globalization and in the context of the Caribbean region. Rising profits and investments in tourism during the later decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century have been an important part of the globalizing economy. This has been a consequence of both the major technological and organizational developments of global capitalism, but also, and most importantly, of the global system's changing social and class relations. The shifting social relations and productive activities that undergird the cruise ship business have meant gains for some involved, most especially, transnational capitalists, and exploitative and contradictory dynamics for many others. Annually millions of tourists from high consuming sectors worldwide partake in brief holiday escapes aboard cruise ship vessels. At the same time, the cruise ship business has become an oligopoly, controlled by a handful of large companies, that has driven many competitors out of business or acquiried them. Labor in the business has become more flexibilized, with low-wage workers (from a variety of nationalities) whose activities are increasingly standardized, monitored and micro-managed. While moving away from indicative development planning (with an eye to national goals), state policymakers in the Caribbean, for their own social reproduction, increasingly promote the interests of transnational capital such as with the cruise ship business. Importantly, labor and environmental protections have been stymied as the cruise ship companies, adept at public relations and skirting regulations, remain largely unaccountable.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31709783" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5abc0ce83cc6ec60201c54599e188fa7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52023803,"asset_id":31709783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52023803/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1696658" href="https://ucriverside.academia.edu/JebSprague">Jeb Sprague</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1696658" type="text/json">{"id":1696658,"first_name":"Jeb","last_name":"Sprague","domain_name":"ucriverside","page_name":"JebSprague","display_name":"Jeb Sprague","profile_url":"https://ucriverside.academia.edu/JebSprague?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1696658/586206/35248536/s65_jeb.sprague.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31709783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31709783"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31709783, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31709783", }); 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Rising profits and investments in tourism during the later decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century have been an important part of the globalizing economy. This has been a consequence of both the major technological and organizational developments of global capitalism, but also, and most importantly, of the global system's changing social and class relations. The shifting social relations and productive activities that undergird the cruise ship business have meant gains for some involved, most especially, transnational capitalists, and exploitative and contradictory dynamics for many others. Annually millions of tourists from high consuming sectors worldwide partake in brief holiday escapes aboard cruise ship vessels. At the same time, the cruise ship business has become an oligopoly, controlled by a handful of large companies, that has driven many competitors out of business or acquiried them. Labor in the business has become more flexibilized, with low-wage workers (from a variety of nationalities) whose activities are increasingly standardized, monitored and micro-managed. While moving away from indicative development planning (with an eye to national goals), state policymakers in the Caribbean, for their own social reproduction, increasingly promote the interests of transnational capital such as with the cruise ship business. Importantly, labor and environmental protections have been stymied as the cruise ship companies, adept at public relations and skirting regulations, remain largely unaccountable.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52023803,"asset_id":31709783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1696658,"first_name":"Jeb","last_name":"Sprague","domain_name":"ucriverside","page_name":"JebSprague","display_name":"Jeb Sprague","profile_url":"https://ucriverside.academia.edu/JebSprague?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1696658/586206/35248536/s65_jeb.sprague.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3475,"name":"Cruise Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cruise_Tourism?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":6726,"name":"Haiti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haiti?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":7945,"name":"Caribbean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":8706,"name":"Jamaica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jamaica?f_ri=1250"},{"id":19041,"name":"Dominican History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominican_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":28506,"name":"History of the Dominican Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Dominican_Republic?f_ri=1250"},{"id":38521,"name":"Transnational Capitalist Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Capitalist_Class?f_ri=1250"},{"id":44962,"name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominican_Republic?f_ri=1250"},{"id":45073,"name":"The Global Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Global_Political_Economy?f_ri=1250"},{"id":75327,"name":"Global Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Capitalism?f_ri=1250"},{"id":84192,"name":"Global Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Tourism?f_ri=1250"},{"id":91511,"name":"Cruise Ship Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cruise_Ship_Management?f_ri=1250"},{"id":127735,"name":"Global Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Political_Economy?f_ri=1250"},{"id":140594,"name":"Analysis in Marketing of Cruise Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_in_Marketing_of_Cruise_Industry?f_ri=1250"},{"id":168567,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean?f_ri=1250"},{"id":191256,"name":"Republica Dominicana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republica_Dominicana?f_ri=1250"},{"id":210906,"name":"Jamaican history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jamaican_history?f_ri=1250"},{"id":288746,"name":"Cruise Ship Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cruise_Ship_Industry?f_ri=1250"},{"id":300531,"name":"Tourism and Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_and_Globalization?f_ri=1250"},{"id":411619,"name":"Haiti and the Dominican Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haiti_and_the_Dominican_Republic?f_ri=1250"},{"id":445905,"name":"Cruise Lines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cruise_Lines?f_ri=1250"},{"id":496769,"name":"Roots Tourism; 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Pino</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="943120" type="text/json">{"id":943120,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Pino","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulioPino","display_name":"Julio C . Pino","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulioPino?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/943120/2881099/152066900/s65_julio.pino.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8643601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8643601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8643601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8643601", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8643601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8643601; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8643601"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8643601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8643601"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8643601; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8643601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8643601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8643601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8643601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_politics">Latin American politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3347" type="text/json">{"id":3347,"name":"Latin American politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_politics?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3725" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies">Cuban Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3725" type="text/json">{"id":3725,"name":"Cuban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8643601]'), work: {"id":8643601,"title":"Cubans in Miami: Evolution and Revolution of an Exile Community, Part 3","created_at":"2014-10-05T07:51:49.750-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8643601/Cubans_in_Miami_Evolution_and_Revolution_of_an_Exile_Community_Part_3?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_8643601","summary":"The 1990s marked the turning in the development of the Cuban community, as the second generation of Cuban-Americans flexed its political muscles from Miami to Washington, D.C., while witnessing the transition from exiles to immigrants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35002927,"asset_id":8643601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":943120,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Pino","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulioPino","display_name":"Julio C . Pino","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulioPino?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/943120/2881099/152066900/s65_julio.pino.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3347,"name":"Latin American politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_politics?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3725,"name":"Cuban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration?f_ri=1250"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35443489" data-work_id="35443489" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35443489/LALBA_e_il_socialismo_del_XXI_secolo_in_America_Latina">L'ALBA e il socialismo del XXI secolo in America Latina</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Negli anni Novanta vengono inoltre poste le basi dei processi di costruzione di un'integrazione economica ancora più forte tra Stati Uniti e America Latina. Nel 1994, in concomitanza con l'entrata in vigore dell'accordo nordamericano per... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35443489" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Negli anni Novanta vengono inoltre poste le basi dei processi di costruzione di un'integrazione economica ancora più forte tra Stati Uniti e America Latina. Nel 1994, in concomitanza con l'entrata in vigore dell'accordo nordamericano per il libero scambio (NAFTA, North American Free Trade Agreement), nello Stato messicano del Chiapas scoppia l'insurrezione armata dell'Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, guidata dal subcomandante Marcos, che punterà a combattere la globalizzazione neoliberista e affermare i diritti dei popoli indigeni all'accesso alla terra e all'autodeterminazione 23 . Nello stesso anno, in occasione dello svolgimento a Miami del primo Summit delle Americhe, i capi di governo dei Paesi dell'OSA approvano una Dichiarazione con cui si impegnano a costruire, entro il 2005, l'"Area di libero commercio delle Americhe" (ALCA), abolendo progressivamente ogni barriera commerciale tra le nazioni dell'emisfero occidentale 24 . Tuttavia, il mutamento del quadro politico in America Latina avviatosi verso la fine del secolo determinerà il fallimento di tale progetto. Le elezioni presidenziali in Venezuela del 1998 segneranno un punto di svolta nella politica del subcontinente. Ad uscirne vincitore è l'ex colonnello Hugo Chávez, già noto come protagonista nel 1992 di un tentativo di golpe ai danni dell'allora presidente Carlos Andrés Pérez, responsabile di riforme impopolari e accusato di corruzione 25 . Chávez è ispirato da una visione politica originale, che combina elementi di nazionalismo, richiami alle radici latinoamericane e alla figura di Simón Bolívar, con influssi socialisti e comunisti 26 . Sul piano interno, il nuovo Presidente del Venezuela promuove un vasto piano di investimenti pubblici e misure a favore dell'occupazione, dell'istruzione e della sanità. L'aumento della spesa pubblica viene finanziato attraverso gli introiti dell'industria petrolifera 27 , sulla quale lo Stato accresce il proprio controllo 28 . Contrario fin da principio alla costituzione di un'area di libero scambio con gli Stati Uniti; in seguito al fallito colpo di Stato, che nel 2002 tenterà di rovesciare il suo governo, Chávez intensificherà la propria retorica antiamericana, accusando gli Stati Uniti di essere implicati 23 Raffaele Nocera, Angelo Trento, op. cit, p. 220.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35443489" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="145ec838c2cf5f9a319b40120923ccb2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55304844,"asset_id":35443489,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55304844/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8013294" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/ManuelSciurba">Manuel Sciurba</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8013294" type="text/json">{"id":8013294,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Sciurba","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"ManuelSciurba","display_name":"Manuel Sciurba","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/ManuelSciurba?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8013294/6603615/7465445/s65_manuel.sciurba.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35443489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35443489"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35443489, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35443489", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35443489]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35443489").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35443489").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35443489"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_politics">Latin American politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3347" type="text/json">{"id":3347,"name":"Latin American politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_politics?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35443489]'), work: {"id":35443489,"title":"L'ALBA e il socialismo del XXI secolo in America Latina","created_at":"2017-12-16T04:18:45.747-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35443489/LALBA_e_il_socialismo_del_XXI_secolo_in_America_Latina?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_35443489","summary":"Negli anni Novanta vengono inoltre poste le basi dei processi di costruzione di un'integrazione economica ancora più forte tra Stati Uniti e America Latina. Nel 1994, in concomitanza con l'entrata in vigore dell'accordo nordamericano per il libero scambio (NAFTA, North American Free Trade Agreement), nello Stato messicano del Chiapas scoppia l'insurrezione armata dell'Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, guidata dal subcomandante Marcos, che punterà a combattere la globalizzazione neoliberista e affermare i diritti dei popoli indigeni all'accesso alla terra e all'autodeterminazione 23 . Nello stesso anno, in occasione dello svolgimento a Miami del primo Summit delle Americhe, i capi di governo dei Paesi dell'OSA approvano una Dichiarazione con cui si impegnano a costruire, entro il 2005, l'\"Area di libero commercio delle Americhe\" (ALCA), abolendo progressivamente ogni barriera commerciale tra le nazioni dell'emisfero occidentale 24 . Tuttavia, il mutamento del quadro politico in America Latina avviatosi verso la fine del secolo determinerà il fallimento di tale progetto. Le elezioni presidenziali in Venezuela del 1998 segneranno un punto di svolta nella politica del subcontinente. Ad uscirne vincitore è l'ex colonnello Hugo Chávez, già noto come protagonista nel 1992 di un tentativo di golpe ai danni dell'allora presidente Carlos Andrés Pérez, responsabile di riforme impopolari e accusato di corruzione 25 . Chávez è ispirato da una visione politica originale, che combina elementi di nazionalismo, richiami alle radici latinoamericane e alla figura di Simón Bolívar, con influssi socialisti e comunisti 26 . Sul piano interno, il nuovo Presidente del Venezuela promuove un vasto piano di investimenti pubblici e misure a favore dell'occupazione, dell'istruzione e della sanità. L'aumento della spesa pubblica viene finanziato attraverso gli introiti dell'industria petrolifera 27 , sulla quale lo Stato accresce il proprio controllo 28 . Contrario fin da principio alla costituzione di un'area di libero scambio con gli Stati Uniti; in seguito al fallito colpo di Stato, che nel 2002 tenterà di rovesciare il suo governo, Chávez intensificherà la propria retorica antiamericana, accusando gli Stati Uniti di essere implicati 23 Raffaele Nocera, Angelo Trento, op. cit, p. 220.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55304844,"asset_id":35443489,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8013294,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Sciurba","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"ManuelSciurba","display_name":"Manuel Sciurba","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/ManuelSciurba?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8013294/6603615/7465445/s65_manuel.sciurba.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean 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class="summarized">This article contributes to the reassessment of Scottish history and identity in light of the recovery of its connections with black Atlantic issues such as slavery and empire. The ‘paradox’ of the national bard seeking employment as a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7758864" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article contributes to the reassessment of Scottish history and identity in light of the recovery of its connections with black Atlantic issues such as slavery and empire. The ‘paradox’ of the national bard seeking employment as a book-keeper on Jamaica remains an uncomfortable area for modern Scotland. This article considers Burns's biographical and textual (dis-)entanglement with the Caribbean in relation to the subsequent competition over his memory. It reads Robert Burns as a lieu de mémoire (Pierre Nora) that opens up a conflicted account of the nature of free labour ideology, slavery and abolition in the late eighteenth century.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7758864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb58aa764cffbeb0b2e00cfa9bf9a270" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53976539,"asset_id":7758864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53976539/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2605270" href="https://dundee.academia.edu/MichaelMorris">Michael Morris</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2605270" type="text/json">{"id":2605270,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Morris","domain_name":"dundee","page_name":"MichaelMorris","display_name":"Michael Morris","profile_url":"https://dundee.academia.edu/MichaelMorris?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2605270/822124/3912887/s65_michael.morris.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7758864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7758864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7758864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7758864", }); 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The ‘paradox’ of the national bard seeking employment as a book-keeper on Jamaica remains an uncomfortable area for modern Scotland. This article considers Burns's biographical and textual (dis-)entanglement with the Caribbean in relation to the subsequent competition over his memory. It reads Robert Burns as a lieu de mémoire (Pierre Nora) that opens up a conflicted account of the nature of free labour ideology, slavery and abolition in the late eighteenth century.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53976539,"asset_id":7758864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2605270,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Morris","domain_name":"dundee","page_name":"MichaelMorris","display_name":"Michael Morris","profile_url":"https://dundee.academia.edu/MichaelMorris?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2605270/822124/3912887/s65_michael.morris.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18,"name":"Scottish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Literature?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean 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La institución y sus hombres</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3129375" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb699b1ac8e3b8516e9f55ea7c787f19" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55630295,"asset_id":3129375,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55630295/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3591297" href="https://uam.academia.edu/JavierBarrientosGrandon">Javier Barrientos Grandon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3591297" type="text/json">{"id":3591297,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Barrientos Grandon","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"JavierBarrientosGrandon","display_name":"Javier Barrientos Grandon","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/JavierBarrientosGrandon?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3591297/1250378/17033288/s65_javier.barrientos_grandon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3129375 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3129375"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3129375, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3129375", }); 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Nacionales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/La_Formacion_De_Identidades_Nacionales?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36514638" data-work_id="36514638" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36514638/Beyond_blanqueamiento_black_affirmation_in_contemporary_Puerto_Rico">Beyond blanqueamiento: black affirmation in contemporary Puerto Rico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">If, according to turn-of-the-twentieth-century observers, black Puerto Ricans were destined to become racially white in a few generations, how did 12.4 per cent of the population manage to remain black in 2010? And how did they survive in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36514638" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">If, according to turn-of-the-twentieth-century observers, black Puerto Ricans were destined to become racially white in a few generations, how did 12.4 per cent of the population manage to remain black in 2010? And how did they survive in the face of both national and everyday forms of racism? How is the persistence and even increase in black identity in Puerto Rico supported? This article argues that there is a covert and largely unexplored social current at work in regard to how black Puerto Ricans live and reproduce their blackness. This is the desire to maintain and celebrate blackness. Using ethnographic data gathered during nearly two decades, the article illustrate that many Puerto Ricans have chosen not to engage in blanqueamiento, instead affirming their blackness, marrying within their communities, and valuing their own cultural practices and beliefs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36514638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac912e2bb056a2401a890c4110c5fb5a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56871549,"asset_id":36514638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56871549/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15236840" href="https://uri.academia.edu/HildaLlor%C3%A9ns">Hilda Lloréns</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15236840" type="text/json">{"id":15236840,"first_name":"Hilda","last_name":"Lloréns","domain_name":"uri","page_name":"HildaLloréns","display_name":"Hilda Lloréns","profile_url":"https://uri.academia.edu/HildaLlor%C3%A9ns?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15236840/4110801/12916561/s65_hilda.llor_ns.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36514638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36514638"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36514638, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36514638", }); 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And how did they survive in the face of both national and everyday forms of racism? How is the persistence and even increase in black identity in Puerto Rico supported? This article argues that there is a covert and largely unexplored social current at work in regard to how black Puerto Ricans live and reproduce their blackness. This is the desire to maintain and celebrate blackness. Using ethnographic data gathered during nearly two decades, the article illustrate that many Puerto Ricans have chosen not to engage in blanqueamiento, instead affirming their blackness, marrying within their communities, and valuing their own cultural practices and beliefs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56871549,"asset_id":36514638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15236840,"first_name":"Hilda","last_name":"Lloréns","domain_name":"uri","page_name":"HildaLloréns","display_name":"Hilda Lloréns","profile_url":"https://uri.academia.edu/HildaLlor%C3%A9ns?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15236840/4110801/12916561/s65_hilda.llor_ns.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=1250"},{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology?f_ri=1250"},{"id":2938,"name":"Black/African Diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_African_Diaspora?f_ri=1250"},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=1250"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=1250"},{"id":3870,"name":"African Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6259,"name":"Caribbean Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Literature?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6873,"name":"Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":7945,"name":"Caribbean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":12196,"name":"The Caribbean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Caribbean?f_ri=1250"},{"id":13050,"name":"African Diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora?f_ri=1250"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=1250"},{"id":39436,"name":"Puerto Rican Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rican_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=1250"},{"id":58505,"name":"Caribbean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean?f_ri=1250"},{"id":59346,"name":"Blackness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blackness?f_ri=1250"},{"id":160960,"name":"Puerto Rican Diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rican_Diaspora?f_ri=1250"},{"id":166691,"name":"Middle Passage, Atlantic World Slavery, African Diaspora, Slavery and Medicine, Black Women's History, Violence Studies, Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Passage_Atlantic_World_Slavery_African_Diaspora_Slavery_and_Medicine_Black_Womens_Histor?f_ri=1250"},{"id":449647,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":584636,"name":"Raza Y Etnicidad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raza_Y_Etnicidad?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11148927" data-work_id="11148927" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11148927/When_I_was_Puerto_Rican_as_borderland_narrative_Bridging_Caribbean_and_U_S_Latino_literature">When I was Puerto Rican as borderland narrative-Bridging Caribbean and U.S. Latino literature</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Guavas for Dummies, American Jíbaras, & Postnational Autonomy: When I Was Puerto Rican in the Hemispheric Turn" (2019) re-engages this text after I taught it in Puerto Rico four years. In this 2009 essay, Santiago’s memoir is said to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11148927" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Guavas for Dummies, American Jíbaras, & Postnational Autonomy: When I Was Puerto Rican in the Hemispheric Turn" (2019) re-engages this text after I taught it in Puerto Rico four years. In this 2009 essay, Santiago’s memoir is said to bridge U.S. and Caribbean lit. WIWPR begins with a remembered Puerto Rico, and ends in the author’s adulthood in the USA. Studying Santiago’s text within a trajectory of immigrant narratives familiarizes the text to readers who are often processing their own entries into the US / its cultural orbit. This essay examines Santiago’s representation of jibaros, a subculture whose place in in Puerto Rico parallels the conflicted relationship many Jamaicans have with Rastafarians. Also, the theme of “Translating and Resisting Imperialism” is developed through a close reading of the chapter “The American Invasion of MacÚn.” Santiago’s treatment of gender roles in her family is also explored.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11148927" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c678545ea7fd8a38692edf8c2f6144b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36797369,"asset_id":11148927,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36797369/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5104248" href="https://uprm.academia.edu/GregorioStephens">Gregory Stephens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5104248" type="text/json">{"id":5104248,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Stephens","domain_name":"uprm","page_name":"GregorioStephens","display_name":"Gregory Stephens","profile_url":"https://uprm.academia.edu/GregorioStephens?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5104248/2233812/11895444/s65_gregorio.stephens.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11148927 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11148927"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11148927, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11148927", }); 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In this 2009 essay, Santiago’s memoir is said to bridge U.S. and Caribbean lit. WIWPR begins with a remembered Puerto Rico, and ends in the author’s adulthood in the USA. Studying Santiago’s text within a trajectory of immigrant narratives familiarizes the text to readers who are often processing their own entries into the US / its cultural orbit. This essay examines Santiago’s representation of jibaros, a subculture whose place in in Puerto Rico parallels the conflicted relationship many Jamaicans have with Rastafarians. Also, the theme of “Translating and Resisting Imperialism” is developed through a close reading of the chapter “The American Invasion of MacÚn.” Santiago’s treatment of gender roles in her family is also explored.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36797369,"asset_id":11148927,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5104248,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Stephens","domain_name":"uprm","page_name":"GregorioStephens","display_name":"Gregory Stephens","profile_url":"https://uprm.academia.edu/GregorioStephens?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5104248/2233812/11895444/s65_gregorio.stephens.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19707977" data-work_id="19707977" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19707977/The_value_of_a_monopoly_to_a_developing_country_Studies_on_the_Telecoms_Monopoly_in_Guyana">The value of a monopoly to a developing country - Studies on the Telecoms Monopoly in Guyana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The telecom regulator in Guyana, with the backing of the Government, introduced competition in the mobile market sector in the year 2006. However, the fixed-line market and the international telecom sector in Guyana has been dominated by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19707977" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The telecom regulator in Guyana, with the backing of the Government, introduced competition in the mobile market sector in the year 2006. However, the fixed-line market and the international telecom sector in Guyana has been dominated by a 40-year (monopoly) license that holds exclusivity over landline voice, data connectivity (internet) and international voice and data access. <br />The telephone company, GT&T has, over its life, made contributions to the national economy while creating the opportunity for its own expansion and growth as well as the international expansion of its parent company. <br />This quantitative correlational study analyzed the results of a web based and face-to-face survey to quantify the value of the telecoms monopoly (i.e. fixed-line market and international telecom sector) to Guyana, a developing country. <br />This research found that there is no significant relationship between telecom monopoly in the country and Guyana’s economy. The study has shown that the impact of liberalization will neither negatively impact the economic well-being of the national economy of Guyana nor that of the incumbent, GT&T. <br />This study also supported the hypothesis that there is significant impact of telecoms market liberalization on the satisfaction of the telecoms subscribers in Guyana. The study further concluded that there is significant difference in the satisfaction experienced from telecom services between the male population and the female population of Guyana. <br />This study also concludes that customers’ acceptance of and satisfaction with liberalization is directly correlated to their satisfaction with the company’s products, its customer care and quality of service – which are usually the factors that influence customers’ willingness to pay higher prices with the converse being true for lower prices.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19707977" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c47975370dc44810f9de66d6949ad8a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40797029,"asset_id":19707977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40797029/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25886723" href="https://uog-gy.academia.edu/yogmahadeo">yog mahadeo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25886723" type="text/json">{"id":25886723,"first_name":"yog","last_name":"mahadeo","domain_name":"uog-gy","page_name":"yogmahadeo","display_name":"yog mahadeo","profile_url":"https://uog-gy.academia.edu/yogmahadeo?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25886723/10926496/12193760/s65_yog.mahadeo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19707977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19707977"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19707977, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19707977", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19707977]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19707977").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19707977").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19707977"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7292" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance">Corporate Finance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7292" type="text/json">{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19707977]'), work: {"id":19707977,"title":"The value of a monopoly to a developing country - Studies on the Telecoms Monopoly in Guyana","created_at":"2015-12-17T08:07:49.944-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19707977/The_value_of_a_monopoly_to_a_developing_country_Studies_on_the_Telecoms_Monopoly_in_Guyana?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_19707977","summary":"The telecom regulator in Guyana, with the backing of the Government, introduced competition in the mobile market sector in the year 2006. However, the fixed-line market and the international telecom sector in Guyana has been dominated by a 40-year (monopoly) license that holds exclusivity over landline voice, data connectivity (internet) and international voice and data access. \nThe telephone company, GT\u0026T has, over its life, made contributions to the national economy while creating the opportunity for its own expansion and growth as well as the international expansion of its parent company. \nThis quantitative correlational study analyzed the results of a web based and face-to-face survey to quantify the value of the telecoms monopoly (i.e. fixed-line market and international telecom sector) to Guyana, a developing country. \nThis research found that there is no significant relationship between telecom monopoly in the country and Guyana’s economy. The study has shown that the impact of liberalization will neither negatively impact the economic well-being of the national economy of Guyana nor that of the incumbent, GT\u0026T. \nThis study also supported the hypothesis that there is significant impact of telecoms market liberalization on the satisfaction of the telecoms subscribers in Guyana. The study further concluded that there is significant difference in the satisfaction experienced from telecom services between the male population and the female population of Guyana. \nThis study also concludes that customers’ acceptance of and satisfaction with liberalization is directly correlated to their satisfaction with the company’s products, its customer care and quality of service – which are usually the factors that influence customers’ willingness to pay higher prices with the converse being true for lower prices.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40797029,"asset_id":19707977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25886723,"first_name":"yog","last_name":"mahadeo","domain_name":"uog-gy","page_name":"yogmahadeo","display_name":"yog mahadeo","profile_url":"https://uog-gy.academia.edu/yogmahadeo?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25886723/10926496/12193760/s65_yog.mahadeo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":14238,"name":"Survey Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Research?f_ri=1250"},{"id":21011,"name":"Guyana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guyana?f_ri=1250"},{"id":94381,"name":"Τelecommunications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%CE%A4elecommunications?f_ri=1250"},{"id":456569,"name":"Caricom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricom?f_ri=1250"},{"id":578704,"name":"Liberalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalization?f_ri=1250"},{"id":821684,"name":"Monopoly","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monopoly?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25807648" data-work_id="25807648" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25807648/Modelos_de_santidad_devocionarios_y_hagiograf%C3%ADas_a_San_Benito_de_Palermo_en_Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a">Modelos de santidad: devocionarios y hagiografías a San Benito de Palermo en Nueva España</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The focus of this article is the hagiographies and novenas to San Benito de Palermo that circulated in the territories of New Spain, most of which were produced locally in the 18th and 19th centuries. While these devotional books can be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25807648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The focus of this article is the hagiographies and novenas to San Benito de Palermo that circulated in the territories of New Spain, most of which were produced locally in the 18th and 19th centuries. While these devotional books can be used as a means of taking the measure of official holiness during the years of their publication, upon closer analysis this body of religious literature reveals the virtues and attributes of this Sicilian Saint that descended upon, among others, people of African descent. For this reason, the discussion surrounding his «skin color» constituted the principal obstacle against which this Negro Franciscan found himself struggling constantly. In the final section, the paper highlights the role of the Franciscans in New Spain during the colonial period in America as the community that, through the medium of the printing press, most strongly promoted the cult of this illustrious figure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25807648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="917fe9e3d40a76d9a6e83007b8cbaad6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46171487,"asset_id":25807648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46171487/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4342535" href="https://unam.academia.edu/RafaelCastanedaGarcia">Rafael Castaneda Garcia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4342535" type="text/json">{"id":4342535,"first_name":"Rafael","last_name":"Castaneda Garcia","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"RafaelCastanedaGarcia","display_name":"Rafael Castaneda Garcia","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/RafaelCastanedaGarcia?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4342535/6985976/35434744/s65_rafael.castaneda_garcia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25807648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25807648"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25807648, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25807648", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25807648]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25807648").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25807648").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25807648"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="296" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies">Black Studies Or African American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="296" type="text/json">{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25807648]'), work: {"id":25807648,"title":"Modelos de santidad: devocionarios y hagiografías a San Benito de Palermo en Nueva España","created_at":"2016-06-02T09:29:17.021-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25807648/Modelos_de_santidad_devocionarios_y_hagiograf%C3%ADas_a_San_Benito_de_Palermo_en_Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_25807648","summary":"The focus of this article is the hagiographies and novenas to San Benito de Palermo that circulated in the territories of New Spain, most of which were produced locally in the 18th and 19th centuries. While these devotional books can be used as a means of taking the measure of official holiness during the years of their publication, upon closer analysis this body of religious literature reveals the virtues and attributes of this Sicilian Saint that descended upon, among others, people of African descent. For this reason, the discussion surrounding his «skin color» constituted the principal obstacle against which this Negro Franciscan found himself struggling constantly. In the final section, the paper highlights the role of the Franciscans in New Spain during the colonial period in America as the community that, through the medium of the printing press, most strongly promoted the cult of this illustrious figure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46171487,"asset_id":25807648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4342535,"first_name":"Rafael","last_name":"Castaneda Garcia","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"RafaelCastanedaGarcia","display_name":"Rafael Castaneda Garcia","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/RafaelCastanedaGarcia?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4342535/6985976/35434744/s65_rafael.castaneda_garcia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American 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Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=1250"},{"id":3870,"name":"African Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6283,"name":"History of Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6868,"name":"Luso-Afro-Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luso-Afro-Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":7079,"name":"Cult of Saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cult_of_Saints?f_ri=1250"},{"id":7256,"name":"Saints' Cults","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saints_Cults?f_ri=1250"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":22968,"name":"Literature and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature_and_Religion?f_ri=1250"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":59791,"name":"Nueva España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nueva_Espana?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51197673" data-work_id="51197673" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51197673/A_Companion_to_African_American_Literature">A Companion to African American Literature</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":31578,"name":"English and American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_and_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41857148" data-work_id="41857148" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41857148/Concilier_la_tradition_et_le_contemporain_El_obsceno_p%C3%A1jaro_de_la_noche_de_Jos%C3%A9_Donoso_et_L_Homme_aux_sept_noms_et_des_poussi%C3%A8res_de_Xavier_Orville_en_qu%C3%AAte_de_nouveaux_codes_romanesques">Concilier la tradition et le contemporain : El obsceno pájaro de la noche de José Donoso et L’Homme aux sept noms et des poussières de Xavier Orville en quête de nouveaux codes romanesques</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Département de Lettres modernes Concilier la tradition et le contemporain : El obsceno pájaro de la noche de José Donoso et L'Homme aux sept noms et des poussières de Xavier Orville en quête de nouveaux codes romanesques Mémoire de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41857148" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Département de Lettres modernes Concilier la tradition et le contemporain : El obsceno pájaro de la noche de José Donoso et L'Homme aux sept noms et des poussières de Xavier Orville en quête de nouveaux codes romanesques Mémoire de recherche pour Master 2 Lettres, Spécialité Lettres Modernes Présenté par : Fanny MARGRAS Directrices de recherches : M me Véronique CORINUS M me Belén HERNANDEZ MARZAL Soutenu le 10 Juin 2015 Toute littérature est une recherche et une expression de soi qui passe fatalement par une connaissance des aïeux. Toute littérature est une tentative de se dire, de se situer dans le monde, de se définir dans ses rapports avec le monde et avec soi-même. Pfaff, Françoise, Entretiens avec Maryse Condé 1 . 1 Pfaff, Françoise, Entretiens avec Maryse Condé, suivis d'une bibliographie complète, Paris : Khartala, 1993, p. 109. importance capitale pour comprendre ses procédés principaux. En effet, Xavier Orville, professeur d'espagnol, auteur d'une thèse sur « Le monde caraïbe dans l'oeuvre romanesque d'Alejo Carpentier », s'intéresse de près à l'Amérique Latine et est, de ce fait, un héritier du « boom ». Mais ses travaux sont aussi marqués par les mouvements identitaires propres à la Caraïbe francophone. On relève, avant les années 90, aux Antilles, deux grandes périodes de révolution dans les revendications littéraires, marquées par la recherche d'une identité : celle de la Négritude, mouvement littéraire et politique né dans les années 1930 avec la Revue du monde noir (1931) des soeurs Nardal et de Léo Sajous, puis porté par la revue L'étudiant Noir 12 (1935) et Cahier d'un retour au pays natal (1939) d'Aimé Césaire ; puis celle de « l'Antillanité », qui connaît un essor dans les années 1970, avec le célèbre roman de Simone Schwartz-Bart, Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle 13 (1972), mais qui commence à pointer dès les premiers écrits d'Édouard Glissant, en 1958 14 . Dès les années 1940, la Caraïbe francophone commence à faire entendre sa voix, par le biais des revendications de poètes tels qu'Aimé Césaire en Martinique, Guy Tyrolien en Guadeloupe ou Léon Gontran Damas en Guyane, qui revendiquent pour leur part une identité noire, celle du mouvement de la Négritude. Celui-ci marque le début d'une recherche d'identité littéraire collective, portée par des concepts forts. Ce mouvement, fondé par trois étudiants déracinés, Sédar Senghor, Damas et Césaire, prône une identité, dite nègre, qui jusque-là avait été déniée. Comme le rappelle Césaire dans un entretien avec René Depestre : [...] si on me demande comment je conçois la Négritude, je dirai que la Négritude est d'abord, à mon avis, une prise de conscience concrète et non abstraite. [ ...] J'ai toujours pensé que l'homme noir était à la recherche d'une identification. Et il m'a semblé que la première chose qu'il fallait faire si on voulait affirmer cette identification, cette identité, c'était d'avoir conscience concrètement de ce que l'on est, à savoir le fait premier, que l'on est nègre, que nous étions des nègres, que nous avions un passé et que ce passé 12 « Léon-Gontran Damas définit la fonction du journal : « l'Étudiant noir, journal corporatif et de combat, avait pour objectif la fin de la tribalisation, du système clanique en vigueur au quartier Latin ! On cessait d'être étudiant martiniquais, guadeloupéen, guyanais, africain et malgache, pour n'être qu'un seul et même étudiant noir. » » cité dans <a href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/histoire/aimecesaire/etudiant_noir-photo.asp" rel="nofollow">http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/histoire/aimecesaire/etudiant_noir-photo.asp</a>, consulté le 23/03/2013. 13 Quoique celle-ci ne se soit jamais réclamée de l'Antillanité. 14 Année de parution de GLISSANT, Edouard, La Lézarde, Paris : Seuil, 1958. 12 comportait des éléments culturels [...] ; qu'il y avait des civilisation nègres qui étaient très importantes et qui étaient belles.[...] et enfin c'était l'idée que ce passé nègre était digne de respect ; ce passé nègre n'était pas uniquement du passé ; que les valeurs nègres étaient encore des valeurs qui pouvaient apporter des choses importantes au monde. 15 La Négritude marque un tournant dans la recherche identitaire des intellectuels antillais. Ceux-ci commenceront en effet à réclamer leur singularité d'écriture, et osent refuser, comme le fait Aimé Césaire, les codes « européens ». Luciano C. Picanço résume ainsi le mouvement : Née de cette simple ambiguïté, celle d'être noir dans la culture blanche […] la Négritude, donc, luttait contre le concept des cultures nègres sans histoire ; le mythe du nègre table rase devait être combattu. En plus, la Négritude était envisagée comme un mouvement de libération, la puissance du mot étant utilisée comme outil de révolution. Troisièmement, la Négritude était l'exposition de la manière d'être originale du Noirl'être dans le monde nègre de Sartre-, une lutte contre l'assimilation des valeurs européennes. Autour de ces propositions se sont formés un corpus littéraire et la doctrine des premières années. 16 Lutte contre les préjugés raciaux, culturels et littéraires, libération et revendication d'originalité, lutte contre l'assimilation européenne : trois grandes ouvertures donc, qui posent la Négritude comme la naissance, pour la littérature antillaise, d'une nouvelle manière de voir le monde, de se placer dans ce monde, et d'envisager de nouvelles perspectives littéraires. Ainsi, le mouvement marque le début de changements décisifs dans les ouvrages qui lui font suite : les auteurs noirs s'interrogent sur leur identité propre, la lient au continent considéré comme celui de leurs origines, l'Afrique, et surtout refusent le mimétisme des dits « grands auteurs », alors encore les seuls enseignés dans les écoles et promus par les maisons d'édition. On retrouve ici un mouvement globalement similaire à celui qui secoue l'Amérique Latine. La Négritude atteint ses limites dans les années 1970. En effet, comme le souligne Depestre, le terme, faute de conception précise, s'est peu à peu auréolé de définitions de plus en plus indéterminées. De plus, elle apparaissait comme trop orientée vers le passé, et donc impropre à un véritable « renouveau historique [des] identités » (Depestre, 1980). Il s'agit alors de dépasser les anciennes catégories, fruits de formations sociales qui n'ont plus lieu d'être. Tout comme les années 60 avaient marqué un tournant décisif 15 Propos de CESAIRE, Aimé, cité dans DEPESTRE, René, Bonjour et Adieu à la Négritude, Paris : Robert Laffont, 1980 reed.1989, p. 79. 16 PICANÇO, Luciano C., Vers un Concept de Littérature Nationale Martiniquaise, Berne : P. Lang, 2000, pp. 15-16.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41857148" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c8c16e5ef8ec2c267ee59bf0f7912c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61991053,"asset_id":41857148,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61991053/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3428153" href="https://univ-antilles.academia.edu/FannyMARGRAS">Fanny Margras</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3428153" type="text/json">{"id":3428153,"first_name":"Fanny","last_name":"Margras","domain_name":"univ-antilles","page_name":"FannyMARGRAS","display_name":"Fanny Margras","profile_url":"https://univ-antilles.academia.edu/FannyMARGRAS?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3428153/2618754/17445781/s65_fanny.margras.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41857148 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41857148"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41857148, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41857148", }); 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Toute littérature est une tentative de se dire, de se situer dans le monde, de se définir dans ses rapports avec le monde et avec soi-même. Pfaff, Françoise, Entretiens avec Maryse Condé 1 . 1 Pfaff, Françoise, Entretiens avec Maryse Condé, suivis d'une bibliographie complète, Paris : Khartala, 1993, p. 109. importance capitale pour comprendre ses procédés principaux. En effet, Xavier Orville, professeur d'espagnol, auteur d'une thèse sur « Le monde caraïbe dans l'oeuvre romanesque d'Alejo Carpentier », s'intéresse de près à l'Amérique Latine et est, de ce fait, un héritier du « boom ». Mais ses travaux sont aussi marqués par les mouvements identitaires propres à la Caraïbe francophone. On relève, avant les années 90, aux Antilles, deux grandes périodes de révolution dans les revendications littéraires, marquées par la recherche d'une identité : celle de la Négritude, mouvement littéraire et politique né dans les années 1930 avec la Revue du monde noir (1931) des soeurs Nardal et de Léo Sajous, puis porté par la revue L'étudiant Noir 12 (1935) et Cahier d'un retour au pays natal (1939) d'Aimé Césaire ; puis celle de « l'Antillanité », qui connaît un essor dans les années 1970, avec le célèbre roman de Simone Schwartz-Bart, Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle 13 (1972), mais qui commence à pointer dès les premiers écrits d'Édouard Glissant, en 1958 14 . Dès les années 1940, la Caraïbe francophone commence à faire entendre sa voix, par le biais des revendications de poètes tels qu'Aimé Césaire en Martinique, Guy Tyrolien en Guadeloupe ou Léon Gontran Damas en Guyane, qui revendiquent pour leur part une identité noire, celle du mouvement de la Négritude. Celui-ci marque le début d'une recherche d'identité littéraire collective, portée par des concepts forts. Ce mouvement, fondé par trois étudiants déracinés, Sédar Senghor, Damas et Césaire, prône une identité, dite nègre, qui jusque-là avait été déniée. Comme le rappelle Césaire dans un entretien avec René Depestre : [...] si on me demande comment je conçois la Négritude, je dirai que la Négritude est d'abord, à mon avis, une prise de conscience concrète et non abstraite. [ ...] J'ai toujours pensé que l'homme noir était à la recherche d'une identification. Et il m'a semblé que la première chose qu'il fallait faire si on voulait affirmer cette identification, cette identité, c'était d'avoir conscience concrètement de ce que l'on est, à savoir le fait premier, que l'on est nègre, que nous étions des nègres, que nous avions un passé et que ce passé 12 « Léon-Gontran Damas définit la fonction du journal : « l'Étudiant noir, journal corporatif et de combat, avait pour objectif la fin de la tribalisation, du système clanique en vigueur au quartier Latin ! On cessait d'être étudiant martiniquais, guadeloupéen, guyanais, africain et malgache, pour n'être qu'un seul et même étudiant noir. » » cité dans http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/histoire/aimecesaire/etudiant_noir-photo.asp, consulté le 23/03/2013. 13 Quoique celle-ci ne se soit jamais réclamée de l'Antillanité. 14 Année de parution de GLISSANT, Edouard, La Lézarde, Paris : Seuil, 1958. 12 comportait des éléments culturels [...] ; qu'il y avait des civilisation nègres qui étaient très importantes et qui étaient belles.[...] et enfin c'était l'idée que ce passé nègre était digne de respect ; ce passé nègre n'était pas uniquement du passé ; que les valeurs nègres étaient encore des valeurs qui pouvaient apporter des choses importantes au monde. 15 La Négritude marque un tournant dans la recherche identitaire des intellectuels antillais. Ceux-ci commenceront en effet à réclamer leur singularité d'écriture, et osent refuser, comme le fait Aimé Césaire, les codes « européens ». Luciano C. Picanço résume ainsi le mouvement : Née de cette simple ambiguïté, celle d'être noir dans la culture blanche […] la Négritude, donc, luttait contre le concept des cultures nègres sans histoire ; le mythe du nègre table rase devait être combattu. En plus, la Négritude était envisagée comme un mouvement de libération, la puissance du mot étant utilisée comme outil de révolution. Troisièmement, la Négritude était l'exposition de la manière d'être originale du Noirl'être dans le monde nègre de Sartre-, une lutte contre l'assimilation des valeurs européennes. Autour de ces propositions se sont formés un corpus littéraire et la doctrine des premières années. 16 Lutte contre les préjugés raciaux, culturels et littéraires, libération et revendication d'originalité, lutte contre l'assimilation européenne : trois grandes ouvertures donc, qui posent la Négritude comme la naissance, pour la littérature antillaise, d'une nouvelle manière de voir le monde, de se placer dans ce monde, et d'envisager de nouvelles perspectives littéraires. Ainsi, le mouvement marque le début de changements décisifs dans les ouvrages qui lui font suite : les auteurs noirs s'interrogent sur leur identité propre, la lient au continent considéré comme celui de leurs origines, l'Afrique, et surtout refusent le mimétisme des dits « grands auteurs », alors encore les seuls enseignés dans les écoles et promus par les maisons d'édition. On retrouve ici un mouvement globalement similaire à celui qui secoue l'Amérique Latine. La Négritude atteint ses limites dans les années 1970. En effet, comme le souligne Depestre, le terme, faute de conception précise, s'est peu à peu auréolé de définitions de plus en plus indéterminées. De plus, elle apparaissait comme trop orientée vers le passé, et donc impropre à un véritable « renouveau historique [des] identités » (Depestre, 1980). Il s'agit alors de dépasser les anciennes catégories, fruits de formations sociales qui n'ont plus lieu d'être. Tout comme les années 60 avaient marqué un tournant décisif 15 Propos de CESAIRE, Aimé, cité dans DEPESTRE, René, Bonjour et Adieu à la Négritude, Paris : Robert Laffont, 1980 reed.1989, p. 79. 16 PICANÇO, Luciano C., Vers un Concept de Littérature Nationale Martiniquaise, Berne : P. Lang, 2000, pp. 15-16.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61991053,"asset_id":41857148,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3428153,"first_name":"Fanny","last_name":"Margras","domain_name":"univ-antilles","page_name":"FannyMARGRAS","display_name":"Fanny Margras","profile_url":"https://univ-antilles.academia.edu/FannyMARGRAS?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3428153/2618754/17445781/s65_fanny.margras.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":6259,"name":"Caribbean Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Literature?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":486484,"name":"José Donoso","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jose_Donoso?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16367067" data-work_id="16367067" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16367067/_So_a_new_day_has_dawned_for_Porto_Rico_s_J%C3%ADbaro_Military_Service_Manhood_and_Self_government_During_World_War_I">“So a new day has dawned for Porto Rico’s Jíbaro”: Military Service, Manhood and Self-government During World War I</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">For Puerto Ricans, World War I provided the opportunity to test and challenge the linkages between military service, manhood, citizenship and decolonization. During the war Puerto Rican political leaders, elected officials, and opinion... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16367067" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For Puerto Ricans, World War I provided the opportunity to test and challenge the linkages between military service, manhood, citizenship and decolonization.  During the war Puerto Rican political leaders, elected officials, and opinion makers sought to advance the socio-economic and political standing of their communities by demanding access to, and encouraging participation in the U.S. military.  In particular, Puerto Rican elites were interested in mobilizing the Puerto Rican peasantry thinking that training would transform them into modern men worthy of self-determination in the eyes of the metropolis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16367067" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b97064bd46dc00176df74c71b8d2258" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38964795,"asset_id":16367067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38964795/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15698526" href="https://bloomfield.academia.edu/HarryFranquiRivera">Harry Franqui-Rivera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15698526" type="text/json">{"id":15698526,"first_name":"Harry","last_name":"Franqui-Rivera","domain_name":"bloomfield","page_name":"HarryFranquiRivera","display_name":"Harry Franqui-Rivera","profile_url":"https://bloomfield.academia.edu/HarryFranquiRivera?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15698526/4243395/114123319/s65_harry.franqui-rivera.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16367067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16367067"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16367067, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16367067", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16367067]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16367067").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16367067").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16367067"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16367067]'), work: {"id":16367067,"title":"“So a new day has dawned for Porto Rico’s Jíbaro”: Military Service, Manhood and Self-government During World War I","created_at":"2015-10-01T09:51:32.680-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16367067/_So_a_new_day_has_dawned_for_Porto_Rico_s_J%C3%ADbaro_Military_Service_Manhood_and_Self_government_During_World_War_I?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_16367067","summary":"For Puerto Ricans, World War I provided the opportunity to test and challenge the linkages between military service, manhood, citizenship and decolonization. During the war Puerto Rican political leaders, elected officials, and opinion makers sought to advance the socio-economic and political standing of their communities by demanding access to, and encouraging participation in the U.S. military. In particular, Puerto Rican elites were interested in mobilizing the Puerto Rican peasantry thinking that training would transform them into modern men worthy of self-determination in the eyes of the metropolis. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38964795,"asset_id":16367067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15698526,"first_name":"Harry","last_name":"Franqui-Rivera","domain_name":"bloomfield","page_name":"HarryFranquiRivera","display_name":"Harry Franqui-Rivera","profile_url":"https://bloomfield.academia.edu/HarryFranquiRivera?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15698526/4243395/114123319/s65_harry.franqui-rivera.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":2864,"name":"U.S. history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U.S._history?f_ri=1250"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6873,"name":"Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":7945,"name":"Caribbean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=1250"},{"id":10495,"name":"Nationalism And State Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism_And_State_Building?f_ri=1250"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=1250"},{"id":19414,"name":"Latino History and Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latino_History_and_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":24819,"name":"History of Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nationalism?f_ri=1250"},{"id":28508,"name":"History of Nationalism and Nation-Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nationalism_and_Nation-Building?f_ri=1250"},{"id":39436,"name":"Puerto Rican Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rican_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":41608,"name":"Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizenship?f_ri=1250"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=1250"},{"id":155467,"name":"Puerto Rican History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rican_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":157969,"name":"Latinoamerica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latinoamerica?f_ri=1250"},{"id":1019273,"name":"Colonialism and Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism_and_Imperialism?f_ri=1250"},{"id":1156626,"name":"Latinos in the US","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latinos_in_the_US?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60041309" data-work_id="60041309" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60041309/Book_The_Franciscans_in_Colonial_Mexico_U_of_Oklahoma_Press_AAFH_2022">Book. The Franciscans in Colonial Mexico. U of Oklahoma Press; AAFH; 2022</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Generations of scholars have studied the multifaceted experiences of the Franciscans in Mexico and how the Franciscan order shaped New Spain and the early Mexican republic. Recent scholarship has given long-overdue attention to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60041309" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Generations of scholars have studied the multifaceted experiences of the Franciscans in Mexico and how the Franciscan order shaped New Spain and the early Mexican republic. Recent scholarship has given long-overdue attention to the evangelized natives. Most of these works focus on a specific region or period, or on a particular aspect of Franciscan ministries in New Spain. A comprehensive account of the Franciscans in Mexico over the long term has been missing, until now.<br /><br />This book analyzes the Franciscans’ engagement with native peoples, creole populations, the viceregal authorities, and the Spanish empire as a whole in order to offer a broad picture of Catholic evangelization in North America while keeping the Franciscans at the center of the story. Published in 2021, during commemoration of the quincentenary of the Spanish—and thus the Franciscan—presence in Mexico, the book brings together the research of junior and senior scholars from Mexico, Spain, and the United States on the long-enduring and far-reaching Franciscan presence in Mexico.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60041309" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a5d70d66a8064d4d0f330b02c98e8f46" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73660599,"asset_id":60041309,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73660599/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="416958" href="https://unt.academia.edu/DavidRexGalindo">David Rex Galindo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="416958" type="text/json">{"id":416958,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Rex Galindo","domain_name":"unt","page_name":"DavidRexGalindo","display_name":"David Rex Galindo","profile_url":"https://unt.academia.edu/DavidRexGalindo?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/416958/746660/18705741/s65_david.rex_galindo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60041309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60041309"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60041309, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60041309", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60041309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60041309; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60041309"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60041309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60041309"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60041309; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60041309]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60041309").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60041309").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60041309"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6280" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missiology_and_Mission_Theology">Missiology and Mission Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6280" type="text/json">{"id":6280,"name":"Missiology and Mission Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missiology_and_Mission_Theology?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6564" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico_History">Mexico History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6564" type="text/json">{"id":6564,"name":"Mexico History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60041309]'), work: {"id":60041309,"title":"Book. The Franciscans in Colonial Mexico. U of Oklahoma Press; AAFH; 2022","created_at":"2021-10-26T06:06:49.921-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60041309/Book_The_Franciscans_in_Colonial_Mexico_U_of_Oklahoma_Press_AAFH_2022?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_60041309","summary":"Generations of scholars have studied the multifaceted experiences of the Franciscans in Mexico and how the Franciscan order shaped New Spain and the early Mexican republic. Recent scholarship has given long-overdue attention to the evangelized natives. Most of these works focus on a specific region or period, or on a particular aspect of Franciscan ministries in New Spain. A comprehensive account of the Franciscans in Mexico over the long term has been missing, until now.\n\nThis book analyzes the Franciscans’ engagement with native peoples, creole populations, the viceregal authorities, and the Spanish empire as a whole in order to offer a broad picture of Catholic evangelization in North America while keeping the Franciscans at the center of the story. Published in 2021, during commemoration of the quincentenary of the Spanish—and thus the Franciscan—presence in Mexico, the book brings together the research of junior and senior scholars from Mexico, Spain, and the United States on the long-enduring and far-reaching Franciscan presence in Mexico.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73660599,"asset_id":60041309,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":416958,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Rex Galindo","domain_name":"unt","page_name":"DavidRexGalindo","display_name":"David Rex Galindo","profile_url":"https://unt.academia.edu/DavidRexGalindo?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/416958/746660/18705741/s65_david.rex_galindo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":6280,"name":"Missiology and Mission Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missiology_and_Mission_Theology?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":6564,"name":"Mexico History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":8495,"name":"History of Missions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Missions?f_ri=1250"},{"id":10855,"name":"Franciscan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Franciscan_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":14893,"name":"Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=1250"},{"id":103130,"name":"Catholic Church","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catholic_Church?f_ri=1250"},{"id":116468,"name":"Church and State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_and_State?f_ri=1250"},{"id":164839,"name":"History of the Franciscan Order","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Franciscan_Order?f_ri=1250"},{"id":360434,"name":"Historia de México","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_M%C3%A9xico-1?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23327653" data-work_id="23327653" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23327653/In_Search_of_Catalina_de_Erauso_The_National_and_Sexual_Identity_of_The_Lieutenant_Nun">In Search of Catalina de Erauso: The National and Sexual Identity of The Lieutenant Nun</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Who was Catalina de Erauso, the Lieutenant Nun? Swashbuckler, brawler, hard-headed businessperson, soldier, gallant, celebrity, transvestite, nun? How can one fail to be fascinated by her? A woman, yet a man; a soldier, yet a nun;... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23327653" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Who was Catalina de Erauso, the Lieutenant Nun? Swashbuckler, brawler, hard-headed businessperson, soldier, gallant, celebrity, transvestite, nun? How can one fail to be fascinated by her? A woman, yet a man; a soldier, yet a nun; Spanish, yet Basque. Catalina de Erauso embodied the contradictions and conflicts of the Early Modern Period, but she also transcended them in her own way. She became a stage on which we see how tensions between different identities played out in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Spain, particularly the tensions between two sexual identities, male and female, and between the competing and multiple national "identities" already defined and being defined within that new thing that was "Spain." This book explores the different facets of Erauso's persona: her sexual identity and the factors that determined her choice of gender roles; and her Basque origin and its impact on her life and her self-image.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23327653" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29b08776b13a5e018f5c87744caedacb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43786335,"asset_id":23327653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43786335/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40920601" href="https://iun.academia.edu/EvaMendieta">Eva Mendieta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40920601" type="text/json">{"id":40920601,"first_name":"Eva","last_name":"Mendieta","domain_name":"iun","page_name":"EvaMendieta","display_name":"Eva Mendieta","profile_url":"https://iun.academia.edu/EvaMendieta?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40920601/11125218/36335284/s65_eva.mendieta.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23327653 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23327653"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23327653, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23327653", }); 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Swashbuckler, brawler, hard-headed businessperson, soldier, gallant, celebrity, transvestite, nun? How can one fail to be fascinated by her? A woman, yet a man; a soldier, yet a nun; Spanish, yet Basque. Catalina de Erauso embodied the contradictions and conflicts of the Early Modern Period, but she also transcended them in her own way. She became a stage on which we see how tensions between different identities played out in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Spain, particularly the tensions between two sexual identities, male and female, and between the competing and multiple national \"identities\" already defined and being defined within that new thing that was \"Spain.\" This book explores the different facets of Erauso's persona: her sexual identity and the factors that determined her choice of gender roles; and her Basque origin and its impact on her life and her self-image.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43786335,"asset_id":23327653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40920601,"first_name":"Eva","last_name":"Mendieta","domain_name":"iun","page_name":"EvaMendieta","display_name":"Eva Mendieta","profile_url":"https://iun.academia.edu/EvaMendieta?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40920601/11125218/36335284/s65_eva.mendieta.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1715,"name":"Basque Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basque_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=1250"},{"id":2624,"name":"Transgender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgender_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":7354,"name":"Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=1250"},{"id":12093,"name":"Theories of Gender and Transgender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theories_of_Gender_and_Transgender?f_ri=1250"},{"id":12957,"name":"Latin American literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_literature?f_ri=1250"},{"id":21136,"name":"Basque History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basque_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":26798,"name":"Transgender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgender?f_ri=1250"},{"id":45246,"name":"Colonial Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":47240,"name":"Estudios de Género","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estudios_de_G%C3%A9nero?f_ri=1250"},{"id":49663,"name":"Women and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":129604,"name":"Transexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transexuality?f_ri=1250"},{"id":190049,"name":"Literatura española e hispanoamericana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_espa%C3%B1ola_e_hispanoamericana?f_ri=1250"},{"id":422793,"name":"Edad Moderna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edad_Moderna?f_ri=1250"},{"id":549156,"name":"Monja Alférez","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monja_Alferez?f_ri=1250"},{"id":658338,"name":"Travestismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travestismo?f_ri=1250"},{"id":980525,"name":"Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lesbian_Gay_Bisexual_Transgender_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":1211246,"name":"Catalina De Erauso","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalina_De_Erauso?f_ri=1250"},{"id":1294806,"name":"Vascos Y América","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascos_Y_America?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62807951" data-work_id="62807951" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62807951/Subject_indicators_and_the_Decipherment_of_Genre_in_Andean_Khipus">Subject indicators and the Decipherment of Genre in Andean Khipus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article analyzes how khipus, Andean knotted cords for communication, indicated their subject matter. Spanish chroniclers attested to the existence of different genres of khipus; however, scholars have not known how or if khipus... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62807951" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article analyzes how khipus, Andean knotted cords for communication, indicated their subject matter.  Spanish chroniclers attested to the existence of different genres of khipus; however, scholars have not known how or if khipus indicated the genre of data they stored.  Ethnographic testimony reveals that needlework bundles -- kaytes -- attached to primary cords served as subject indicators.  This article surveys post-Inka kaytes, examining one from colonial Huarochiri through an interdisciplinary methodology that provides a model for kayte interpretation.  This new evidence about subject indicators supports the hypothesis that khipus encoded information through hierarchical levels of significance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62807951" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98d030287d9a69ab254f166abbd8b005" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75458505,"asset_id":62807951,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75458505/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="183988" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/SabineHyland">Sabine Hyland</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="183988" type="text/json">{"id":183988,"first_name":"Sabine","last_name":"Hyland","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"SabineHyland","display_name":"Sabine Hyland","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/SabineHyland?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/183988/45273/83681110/s65_sabine.hyland.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62807951 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62807951"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62807951, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62807951", }); 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Spanish chroniclers attested to the existence of different genres of khipus; however, scholars have not known how or if khipus indicated the genre of data they stored. Ethnographic testimony reveals that needlework bundles -- kaytes -- attached to primary cords served as subject indicators. This article surveys post-Inka kaytes, examining one from colonial Huarochiri through an interdisciplinary methodology that provides a model for kayte interpretation. This new evidence about subject indicators supports the hypothesis that khipus encoded information through hierarchical levels of significance. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75458505,"asset_id":62807951,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":183988,"first_name":"Sabine","last_name":"Hyland","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"SabineHyland","display_name":"Sabine Hyland","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/SabineHyland?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/183988/45273/83681110/s65_sabine.hyland.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":17645,"name":"South American indigenous languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_American_indigenous_languages?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":19722,"name":"Andean Prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andean_Prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":22318,"name":"Peruvian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peruvian_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":25758,"name":"Writing systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Writing_systems?f_ri=1250"},{"id":58339,"name":"Andean studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andean_studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":93378,"name":"Quipu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quipu?f_ri=1250"},{"id":142486,"name":"Khipus (quipus) colonial Peru","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Khipus_quipus_colonial_Peru?f_ri=1250"},{"id":343492,"name":"Ethnohistory and Andean Antiquities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory_and_Andean_Antiquities?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69792760 coauthored" data-work_id="69792760" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69792760/Geopol%C3%ADtica_y_geoeconom%C3%ADa_de_la_cooperaci%C3%B3n_entre_China_y_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_el_Caribe">Geopolítica y geoeconomía de la cooperación entre China y América Latina y el Caribe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En lo que va del siglo XXI, los intercambios comerciales y empresariales, así como las relaciones de cooperación entre China y América Latina y el Caribe, se han incrementado exponencialmente. La creación del Foro de Cooperación... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69792760" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En lo que va del siglo XXI, los intercambios comerciales y empresariales, así como las relaciones de cooperación entre China y América Latina y el Caribe, se han incrementado exponencialmente. La creación del Foro de Cooperación China-CELAC para la promoción de la relación estratégica integral (2015), el nuevo Documento sobre política de China hacia América Latina y el Caribe (2016) y la incorporación de la región a The Belt and Road Initiative, son indicativos de que los países de América Latina y el Caribe, a decir del documento de la Oficina de Líderes para dicha iniciativa, son “importantes mercados emergentes así como principales socios comerciales de China”.<br />Ante ello, este quinto volumen de la Red Iberoamericana Académica de Cooperación Internacional (RIACI), convocado en conjunto con el Grupo de Investigación en cooperación Sur-Sur e integraciones regionales de la Red Española de Estudios del Desarrollo (GICSS-REEDES), estudia las implicaciones geoeconómicas y geopolíticas de la relación cada vez más estrecha entre China y la región de América Latina y el Caribe, con una perspectiva histórica amplia, desde enfoques teóricos críticos y con el apoyo de nuevo material empírico.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69792760" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9166f8c74b2dc08a6f3542b1f224e951" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79752181,"asset_id":69792760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79752181/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4050141" href="https://buap.academia.edu/GiuseppeLoBrutto">Giuseppe Lo Brutto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4050141" type="text/json">{"id":4050141,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Lo Brutto","domain_name":"buap","page_name":"GiuseppeLoBrutto","display_name":"Giuseppe Lo Brutto","profile_url":"https://buap.academia.edu/GiuseppeLoBrutto?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4050141/1548152/54626344/s65_giuseppe.lo_brutto.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-69792760">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-69792760"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://pucp.academia.edu/DanieleBenzi">Daniele Benzi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-69792760'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-69792760').html(); 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La creación del Foro de Cooperación China-CELAC para la promoción de la relación estratégica integral (2015), el nuevo Documento sobre política de China hacia América Latina y el Caribe (2016) y la incorporación de la región a The Belt and Road Initiative, son indicativos de que los países de América Latina y el Caribe, a decir del documento de la Oficina de Líderes para dicha iniciativa, son “importantes mercados emergentes así como principales socios comerciales de China”.\nAnte ello, este quinto volumen de la Red Iberoamericana Académica de Cooperación Internacional (RIACI), convocado en conjunto con el Grupo de Investigación en cooperación Sur-Sur e integraciones regionales de la Red Española de Estudios del Desarrollo (GICSS-REEDES), estudia las implicaciones geoeconómicas y geopolíticas de la relación cada vez más estrecha entre China y la región de América Latina y el Caribe, con una perspectiva histórica amplia, desde enfoques teóricos críticos y con el apoyo de nuevo material empírico.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79752181,"asset_id":69792760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4050141,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Lo Brutto","domain_name":"buap","page_name":"GiuseppeLoBrutto","display_name":"Giuseppe Lo Brutto","profile_url":"https://buap.academia.edu/GiuseppeLoBrutto?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4050141/1548152/54626344/s65_giuseppe.lo_brutto.jpeg"},{"id":2241400,"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Benzi","domain_name":"pucp","page_name":"DanieleBenzi","display_name":"Daniele Benzi","profile_url":"https://pucp.academia.edu/DanieleBenzi?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2241400/15389392/53317722/s65_daniele.benzi.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=1250"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=1250"},{"id":13725,"name":"China Going Global","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Going_Global?f_ri=1250"},{"id":88935,"name":"Sociología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=1250"},{"id":89295,"name":"Relaciones Internacionales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relaciones_Internacionales?f_ri=1250"},{"id":89565,"name":"Geoeconomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoeconomics?f_ri=1250"},{"id":115243,"name":"International Development Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development_Cooperation?f_ri=1250"},{"id":159995,"name":"América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=1250"},{"id":195481,"name":"Geopolítica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=1250"},{"id":239181,"name":"Cooperación Internacional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Internacional?f_ri=1250"},{"id":265096,"name":"Facultad de ciencias politicas y sociales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facultad_de_ciencias_politicas_y_sociales?f_ri=1250"},{"id":293003,"name":"Geoeconomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoeconomy?f_ri=1250"},{"id":378600,"name":"Cooperación Sur-Sur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperacion_Sur-Sur?f_ri=1250"},{"id":1007661,"name":"Cooperación Sur Sur Y Triangular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperacion_Sur_Sur_Y_Triangular?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30353696" data-work_id="30353696" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30353696/Precarious_Time_Morality_and_the_Republic_New_Granada_1818_1853">Precarious Time, Morality, and the Republic New Granada, 1818–1853</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Spanish American countries exhibited during the nineteenth century many of the features Koselleck associated with the Sattelzeit, the transitioning period into our contemporaneity. However, the region's history was marked by social... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30353696" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Spanish American countries exhibited during the nineteenth century many of the features Koselleck associated with the Sattelzeit, the transitioning period into our contemporaneity. However, the region's history was marked by social instability and political upheaval, and contemporaries referred to such experiences of time as precarious. In this article I explore the connection between this precarious time and the emergence of the sociopolitical concept of morality in New Granada (present-day Colombia) during the fi rst thirty -fi ve years of the republic (1818–1853). I focus on two conceptual moments as exemplifi ed by the refl ections put forth by Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), military and political leader of the independence period, and José Eusebio Caro (1817–1853), publicist, poet, and political ideologue of the Conservative Party.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30353696" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ca9bd3ce3dd6f966f8b6c722822d2d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50806074,"asset_id":30353696,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50806074/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="92356" href="https://unal.academia.edu/FranciscoAOrtega">Francisco A . Ortega</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="92356" type="text/json">{"id":92356,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Ortega","domain_name":"unal","page_name":"FranciscoAOrtega","display_name":"Francisco A . Ortega","profile_url":"https://unal.academia.edu/FranciscoAOrtega?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/92356/25629/23641/s65_francisco_a..ortega.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30353696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30353696"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30353696, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30353696", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30353696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30353696; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30353696"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30353696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30353696"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30353696; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30353696]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30353696").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30353696").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30353696"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia">Colombia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3261" type="text/json">{"id":3261,"name":"Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History">Latin American History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15262" type="text/json">{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30353696]'), work: {"id":30353696,"title":"Precarious Time, Morality, and the Republic New Granada, 1818–1853","created_at":"2016-12-09T11:53:36.817-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30353696/Precarious_Time_Morality_and_the_Republic_New_Granada_1818_1853?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_30353696","summary":"Spanish American countries exhibited during the nineteenth century many of the features Koselleck associated with the Sattelzeit, the transitioning period into our contemporaneity. However, the region's history was marked by social instability and political upheaval, and contemporaries referred to such experiences of time as precarious. In this article I explore the connection between this precarious time and the emergence of the sociopolitical concept of morality in New Granada (present-day Colombia) during the fi rst thirty -fi ve years of the republic (1818–1853). I focus on two conceptual moments as exemplifi ed by the refl ections put forth by Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), military and political leader of the independence period, and José Eusebio Caro (1817–1853), publicist, poet, and political ideologue of the Conservative Party.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50806074,"asset_id":30353696,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":92356,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Ortega","domain_name":"unal","page_name":"FranciscoAOrtega","display_name":"Francisco A . Ortega","profile_url":"https://unal.academia.edu/FranciscoAOrtega?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/92356/25629/23641/s65_francisco_a..ortega.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3261,"name":"Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":19332,"name":"19th Century (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_Century_History_?f_ri=1250"},{"id":22319,"name":"Colombian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombian_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":22399,"name":"Conceptual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":24416,"name":"19th Century Colombian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_Century_Colombian_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":26949,"name":"Phenomenology of Temporality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology_of_Temporality?f_ri=1250"},{"id":28038,"name":"Independence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Independence?f_ri=1250"},{"id":32663,"name":"Temporality (Time Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporality_Time_Studies_?f_ri=1250"},{"id":37039,"name":"Colombian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombian_Literature?f_ri=1250"},{"id":48174,"name":"Temporality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporality?f_ri=1250"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=1250"},{"id":81334,"name":"Literatura colombiana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_colombiana?f_ri=1250"},{"id":132874,"name":"Simon Bolivar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simon_Bolivar?f_ri=1250"},{"id":151257,"name":"Historia De Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_De_Colombia?f_ri=1250"},{"id":159995,"name":"América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=1250"},{"id":688783,"name":"Independencia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Independencia?f_ri=1250"},{"id":979920,"name":"Bolivar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bolivar?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9761808" data-work_id="9761808" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9761808/Brasil_1922_independente_civilizado_e_branco">Brasil, 1922: independente, civilizado e branco?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Para celebrar os cem anos da independência do Brasil, o governo de Epitácio Pessoa organizou a Exposição do Centenário, realizada no Rio de Janeiro entre setembro de 1922 e julho de 1923. Um sucesso, a exposição atraiu mais de três... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9761808" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Para celebrar os cem anos da independência do Brasil, o governo de Epitácio Pessoa organizou a Exposição do Centenário, realizada no Rio de Janeiro entre setembro de 1922 e julho de 1923. Um sucesso, a exposição atraiu mais de três milhões de visitantes e vários expositores estrangeiros.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9761808" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="79c9c89a69cc3bebb72568981af13695" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64777966,"asset_id":9761808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64777966/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14143339" href="https://urosario.academia.edu/SvenSchuster">Sven Schuster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14143339" type="text/json">{"id":14143339,"first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Schuster","domain_name":"urosario","page_name":"SvenSchuster","display_name":"Sven Schuster","profile_url":"https://urosario.academia.edu/SvenSchuster?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14143339/4310779/5009693/s65_sven.schuster.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9761808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9761808"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9761808, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9761808", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9761808]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9761808").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9761808").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9761808"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3986" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_History">Brazilian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3986" type="text/json">{"id":3986,"name":"Brazilian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28394" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exhibition_Museum_Expositions_and_Worlds_Fairs">Exhibition, Museum, Expositions and Worlds Fairs</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28394" type="text/json">{"id":28394,"name":"Exhibition, Museum, Expositions and Worlds Fairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exhibition_Museum_Expositions_and_Worlds_Fairs?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9761808]'), work: {"id":9761808,"title":"Brasil, 1922: independente, civilizado e branco?","created_at":"2014-12-13T22:24:43.540-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9761808/Brasil_1922_independente_civilizado_e_branco?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_9761808","summary":"Para celebrar os cem anos da independência do Brasil, o governo de Epitácio Pessoa organizou a Exposição do Centenário, realizada no Rio de Janeiro entre setembro de 1922 e julho de 1923. Um sucesso, a exposição atraiu mais de três milhões de visitantes e vários expositores estrangeiros.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64777966,"asset_id":9761808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14143339,"first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Schuster","domain_name":"urosario","page_name":"SvenSchuster","display_name":"Sven Schuster","profile_url":"https://urosario.academia.edu/SvenSchuster?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14143339/4310779/5009693/s65_sven.schuster.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3986,"name":"Brazilian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":28394,"name":"Exhibition, Museum, Expositions and Worlds Fairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exhibition_Museum_Expositions_and_Worlds_Fairs?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":226095,"name":"History of Exhibitions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Exhibitions?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25665726" data-work_id="25665726" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25665726/Orisha_Orun_Egun_and_Egungun_in_Lucumi_IFA">Orisha Orun, Egun and Egungun in Lucumi IFA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25665726" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a993c32bfe1601a691ece7deb52a2923" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46006973,"asset_id":25665726,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46006973/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="902" 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Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spiritual_Formation?f_ri=1250"},{"id":30052,"name":"Ancestors (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancestors_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=1250"},{"id":34253,"name":"Candomblé","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candombl%C3%A9?f_ri=1250"},{"id":43762,"name":"Santeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Santeria?f_ri=1250"},{"id":86698,"name":"Yoruba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoruba?f_ri=1250"},{"id":621576,"name":"Yoruba, Santeria, Lucumi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoruba_Santeria_Lucumi?f_ri=1250"},{"id":1287134,"name":"Santeria Cubana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Santeria_Cubana?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35929927" data-work_id="35929927" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35929927/The_worlds_fairs_as_spaces_of_global_knowledge_Latin_American_archaeology_and_anthropology_in_the_age_of_exhibitions">The world's fairs as spaces of global knowledge: Latin American archaeology and anthropology in the age of exhibitions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">At the end of the nineteenth century, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru were among the countries participating in the most important world's fairs in Europe and North America. These mass gatherings focused on national self-images as well as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35929927" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">At the end of the nineteenth century, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru were among the countries participating in the most important world's fairs in Europe and North America. These mass gatherings focused on national self-images as well as technological development and commodities, but the Latin American exhibition organizers also understood them to be transnational spaces that contributed to the mobility of persons, objects, and knowledge. In this context, the scientific display of pre-Columbian 'antiquities' was regarded as being as important as the participation in archaeological and anthropological congresses. By understanding the world's fairs as 'spaces of global knowledge', this article highlights the agency of Latin American scientists, intellectuals, and collectors in the transnational endeavour to create a 'Latin American antiquity' at the fairgrounds. Although most fair attendees sought to study and display the pre-Columbian past in an objective manner, the older dream of reconstructing the splendour of America's ancient civilizations never completely vanished.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35929927" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a7b5573498025251d91ad5c9caa5ea6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55811604,"asset_id":35929927,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55811604/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14143339" href="https://urosario.academia.edu/SvenSchuster">Sven Schuster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14143339" type="text/json">{"id":14143339,"first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Schuster","domain_name":"urosario","page_name":"SvenSchuster","display_name":"Sven Schuster","profile_url":"https://urosario.academia.edu/SvenSchuster?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14143339/4310779/5009693/s65_sven.schuster.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35929927 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35929927"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35929927, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35929927", }); 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These mass gatherings focused on national self-images as well as technological development and commodities, but the Latin American exhibition organizers also understood them to be transnational spaces that contributed to the mobility of persons, objects, and knowledge. In this context, the scientific display of pre-Columbian 'antiquities' was regarded as being as important as the participation in archaeological and anthropological congresses. By understanding the world's fairs as 'spaces of global knowledge', this article highlights the agency of Latin American scientists, intellectuals, and collectors in the transnational endeavour to create a 'Latin American antiquity' at the fairgrounds. Although most fair attendees sought to study and display the pre-Columbian past in an objective manner, the older dream of reconstructing the splendour of America's ancient civilizations never completely vanished.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55811604,"asset_id":35929927,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14143339,"first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Schuster","domain_name":"urosario","page_name":"SvenSchuster","display_name":"Sven Schuster","profile_url":"https://urosario.academia.edu/SvenSchuster?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14143339/4310779/5009693/s65_sven.schuster.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":2326,"name":"Nineteenth Century Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3225,"name":"Visual Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Culture?f_ri=1250"},{"id":3986,"name":"Brazilian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6564,"name":"Mexico History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":22318,"name":"Peruvian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peruvian_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":24768,"name":"Nineteenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century?f_ri=1250"},{"id":28394,"name":"Exhibition, Museum, Expositions and Worlds Fairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exhibition_Museum_Expositions_and_Worlds_Fairs?f_ri=1250"},{"id":86120,"name":"Exhibitions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exhibitions?f_ri=1250"},{"id":148083,"name":"World's Fairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Worlds_Fairs?f_ri=1250"},{"id":226095,"name":"History of Exhibitions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Exhibitions?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34842606" data-work_id="34842606" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34842606/International_expositions_a_historiographic_approach_from_Latin_America">International expositions: a historiographic approach from Latin America</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay examines the historiography of international exhibitions, seen as geopolitical phenomena of modernity to which are associated the rise of middle classes, nationalist and colonialist movements, as well as an exhibitionary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34842606" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay examines the historiography of international exhibitions, seen as geopolitical phenomena of modernity to which are associated the rise of middle classes, nationalist and colonialist movements, as well as an exhibitionary network connecting distinct spaces and times. Most of the recent studies analyses the repertoire and the pattern associated to these expositions, and their relationship with political, economic, social and cultural issues. This study stresses, among ongoing approaches, the Latin American work – still barely visible or integrated into a field which is already consolidated –, and suggests how its visibility can be improved.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34842606" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7760b76aac45394b2268ad98ecf415d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54700809,"asset_id":34842606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54700809/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="479469" href="https://museu-goeldi.academia.edu/NelsonSanjad">Nelson Sanjad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="479469" type="text/json">{"id":479469,"first_name":"Nelson","last_name":"Sanjad","domain_name":"museu-goeldi","page_name":"NelsonSanjad","display_name":"Nelson Sanjad","profile_url":"https://museu-goeldi.academia.edu/NelsonSanjad?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/479469/1743440/28790687/s65_nelson.sanjad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34842606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34842606"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34842606, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34842606", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34842606]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34842606").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34842606").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34842606"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_and_World_History">Transnational and World History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2327" type="text/json">{"id":2327,"name":"Transnational and World History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_and_World_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2793" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism">Transnationalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2793" type="text/json">{"id":2793,"name":"Transnationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34842606]'), work: {"id":34842606,"title":"International expositions: a historiographic approach from Latin America","created_at":"2017-10-12T09:25:27.349-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34842606/International_expositions_a_historiographic_approach_from_Latin_America?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_34842606","summary":"This essay examines the historiography of international exhibitions, seen as geopolitical phenomena of modernity to which are associated the rise of middle classes, nationalist and colonialist movements, as well as an exhibitionary network connecting distinct spaces and times. Most of the recent studies analyses the repertoire and the pattern associated to these expositions, and their relationship with political, economic, social and cultural issues. This study stresses, among ongoing approaches, the Latin American work – still barely visible or integrated into a field which is already consolidated –, and suggests how its visibility can be improved.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54700809,"asset_id":34842606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":479469,"first_name":"Nelson","last_name":"Sanjad","domain_name":"museu-goeldi","page_name":"NelsonSanjad","display_name":"Nelson Sanjad","profile_url":"https://museu-goeldi.academia.edu/NelsonSanjad?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/479469/1743440/28790687/s65_nelson.sanjad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":2327,"name":"Transnational and World History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_and_World_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":2793,"name":"Transnationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=1250"},{"id":8233,"name":"Transnational History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":50118,"name":"Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representation?f_ri=1250"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=1250"},{"id":132925,"name":"Trans-Regional, Transnational, World and Global Histories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trans-Regional_Transnational_World_and_Global_Histories?f_ri=1250"},{"id":159995,"name":"América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=1250"},{"id":418760,"name":"Universal Exhibitions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universal_Exhibitions?f_ri=1250"},{"id":460196,"name":"International Exhibitions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Exhibitions?f_ri=1250"},{"id":700866,"name":"Expositions Universelles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expositions_Universelles?f_ri=1250"},{"id":705912,"name":"International Expositions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Expositions?f_ri=1250"},{"id":908029,"name":"História Da América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Da_America_Latina?f_ri=1250"},{"id":935265,"name":"Transnationalisme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalisme?f_ri=1250"},{"id":1565786,"name":"Histoire Transnationale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_Transnationale?f_ri=1250"},{"id":2492696,"name":"Exposition internationale et universelle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exposition_internationale_et_universelle?f_ri=1250"},{"id":2569772,"name":"Expositions Internationales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expositions_Internationales?f_ri=1250"},{"id":2675544,"name":"International Exhibitions \u0026 Worlds Fairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Exhibitions_and_Worlds_Fairs?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38583630" data-work_id="38583630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38583630/Traducir_en_pro_de_la_educaci%C3%B3n_del_pueblo_la_labor_traductora_de_la_Sociedad_de_Amigos_de_la_Educaci%C3%B3n_Popular">Traducir en pro de la educación del pueblo: la labor traductora de la Sociedad de Amigos de la Educación Popular</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Este trabajo pone en relieve una labor desempeñada por la Sociedad de Amigos de la Educación Popular (SAEP) que, si bien no es desconocida, tampoco ha recibido suficiente atención por parte de historiadores y académicos. Se trata de los... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38583630" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Este trabajo pone en relieve una labor desempeñada por la Sociedad de Amigos de la Educación Popular (SAEP) que, si bien no es desconocida, tampoco ha recibido suficiente atención por parte de historiadores y académicos. Se trata de los esfuerzos traductores desplegados por los integrantes de la SAEP en su celo por introducir en el Estado Oriental del Uruguay nuevas e innovadoras ideas en cuanto a la educación y su función social. El trabajo contextualiza esta labor dentro del papel histórico de la traducción en el continente americano, para luego dar paso la descripción de los esfuerzos traductores llevados a cabo por los primeros integrantes de la SAEP. Para ello el trabajo presta especial atención a ciertos textos redactados originalmente en inglés y su apropiación por parte de los traductores que los pusieron en castellano. Todo esto facilita llegar a ciertas conclusiones sobre la función de la traducción en la reforma educativa y el gran mérito detrás de estas traducciones.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38583630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3efa768c8b997f7eab9ef0d5e080425" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58657019,"asset_id":38583630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58657019/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8831385" href="https://utrgv.academia.edu/GabrielGonz%C3%A1lezN%C3%BA%C3%B1ez">Gabriel González Núñez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8831385" type="text/json">{"id":8831385,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"González Núñez","domain_name":"utrgv","page_name":"GabrielGonzálezNúñez","display_name":"Gabriel González Núñez","profile_url":"https://utrgv.academia.edu/GabrielGonz%C3%A1lezN%C3%BA%C3%B1ez?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8831385/2908417/3677906/s65_gabriel.gonz_lez_n_ez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38583630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38583630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38583630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38583630", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38583630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38583630; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38583630"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38583630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38583630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38583630; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38583630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38583630").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38583630").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38583630"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies">Translation Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1186" type="text/json">{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_History">Translation History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9132" type="text/json">{"id":9132,"name":"Translation History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38583630]'), work: {"id":38583630,"title":"Traducir en pro de la educación del pueblo: la labor traductora de la Sociedad de Amigos de la Educación Popular","created_at":"2019-03-19T11:31:28.659-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38583630/Traducir_en_pro_de_la_educaci%C3%B3n_del_pueblo_la_labor_traductora_de_la_Sociedad_de_Amigos_de_la_Educaci%C3%B3n_Popular?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_38583630","summary":"Este trabajo pone en relieve una labor desempeñada por la Sociedad de Amigos de la Educación Popular (SAEP) que, si bien no es desconocida, tampoco ha recibido suficiente atención por parte de historiadores y académicos. Se trata de los esfuerzos traductores desplegados por los integrantes de la SAEP en su celo por introducir en el Estado Oriental del Uruguay nuevas e innovadoras ideas en cuanto a la educación y su función social. El trabajo contextualiza esta labor dentro del papel histórico de la traducción en el continente americano, para luego dar paso la descripción de los esfuerzos traductores llevados a cabo por los primeros integrantes de la SAEP. Para ello el trabajo presta especial atención a ciertos textos redactados originalmente en inglés y su apropiación por parte de los traductores que los pusieron en castellano. Todo esto facilita llegar a ciertas conclusiones sobre la función de la traducción en la reforma educativa y el gran mérito detrás de estas traducciones.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58657019,"asset_id":38583630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8831385,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"González Núñez","domain_name":"utrgv","page_name":"GabrielGonzálezNúñez","display_name":"Gabriel González Núñez","profile_url":"https://utrgv.academia.edu/GabrielGonz%C3%A1lezN%C3%BA%C3%B1ez?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8831385/2908417/3677906/s65_gabriel.gonz_lez_n_ez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":9132,"name":"Translation History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39873395" data-work_id="39873395" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39873395/Rese%C3%B1a_Los_Caballeros_del_Mar">Reseña Los Caballeros del Mar</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Caballeros del Mar es una obra que trata sobre el pasado y el pre-sente de uno de los pueblos indígenas del nororiente sudamericano y sus islas, los Guaiquerí, y consecuentemente sobre el pasado y presente de las islas de Margarita, Coche... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39873395" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Caballeros del Mar es una obra que trata sobre el pasado y el pre-sente de uno de los pueblos indígenas del nororiente sudamericano y sus islas, los Guaiquerí, y consecuentemente sobre el pasado y presente de las islas de Margarita, Coche y Cubagua, así como, parte de la costa de tierra firme que va del Golfo Paria al Golfo de Cariaco. Esta obra se construye a partir de un enfoque multimétodos que incluye investigación de fuentes documentales en el archivo, análisis de colecciones arqueológicas e historia oral, los cuales se entrelazan en proporciones variables a lo largo de los 12 capítulos que lo componen.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39873395" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ec3707cdc4d41623879896fa5acc8a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60056716,"asset_id":39873395,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60056716/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2831892" href="https://pucrj.academia.edu/FidelRodr%C3%ADguezVel%C3%A1squez">Fidel Rodríguez Velásquez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2831892" type="text/json">{"id":2831892,"first_name":"Fidel","last_name":"Rodríguez Velásquez","domain_name":"pucrj","page_name":"FidelRodríguezVelásquez","display_name":"Fidel Rodríguez Velásquez","profile_url":"https://pucrj.academia.edu/FidelRodr%C3%ADguezVel%C3%A1squez?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2831892/927271/33002168/s65_fidel.rodr_guez_vel_squez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39873395 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39873395"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39873395, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39873395", }); 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Esta obra se construye a partir de un enfoque multimétodos que incluye investigación de fuentes documentales en el archivo, análisis de colecciones arqueológicas e historia oral, los cuales se entrelazan en proporciones variables a lo largo de los 12 capítulos que lo componen. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19884077]'), work: {"id":19884077,"title":"The Ooni and Santeria: Purists and 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Mayombe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palo_Mayombe?f_ri=1250"},{"id":79873,"name":"Benin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benin?f_ri=1250"},{"id":86698,"name":"Yoruba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoruba?f_ri=1250"},{"id":621576,"name":"Yoruba, Santeria, Lucumi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoruba_Santeria_Lucumi?f_ri=1250"},{"id":1287134,"name":"Santeria Cubana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Santeria_Cubana?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12289347" data-work_id="12289347" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12289347/Incertidumbres_del_porvenir_de_los_cubanos">Incertidumbres del porvenir de los cubanos </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Los acuerdos tomados por los gobiernos de Raúl Castro y Barack Obama, el 17 de diciembre de 2014, aceleran definitivamente los cambios económicos en la isla y tal vez, se reflejarán en su vida política. Esta transformación, sin embargo,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12289347" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Los acuerdos tomados por los gobiernos de Raúl Castro y Barack Obama, el 17 de diciembre de 2014, aceleran definitivamente los cambios económicos en la isla y tal vez, se reflejarán en su vida política. Esta transformación, sin embargo, aparte de las herramientas estructurales e institucionales, tendrá que disponer de un apoyo de la sociedad. Además del ánimo y de la esperanza por una mejora en la calidad de vida, debería haber lugar para el diálogo, el perdón y la comprensión. Esta reflexión se basa en la diversidad de reacciones que provocó el anuncio del acercamiento cubano-estadounidense. <br /> <br />Entre los propios cubanos, habitantes de la isla, los comentarios fueron muy diversos. Junto a actitudes moderadas o negativas, se escuchan en su gran mayoría frases optimistas, de buena recepción, llenas de alivio, como las expuestas, el mismo 17 de diciembre, en la revista Convivencia (dirigida por Dagoberto Valdés) que “saluda el restablecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas entre la República de Cuba y los Estados Unidos de América. Deseamos que este clima de diálogo y negociación también se establezca entre el Gobierno de la República de Cuba y la sociedad civil cubana independiente...”. El reconocido cantautor Silvio Rodríguez , por su parte, añadía: “A mis hermanos cubanos a mis abuelos a los que están allá. Dios nos bendiga esto es muy grande”.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12289347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccf40213596ac15ba75c31caa230c745" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37576225,"asset_id":12289347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37576225/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3131522" href="https://uw.academia.edu/KatarzynaDembicz">Katarzyna Dembicz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3131522" type="text/json">{"id":3131522,"first_name":"Katarzyna","last_name":"Dembicz","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"KatarzynaDembicz","display_name":"Katarzyna Dembicz","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/KatarzynaDembicz?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3131522/11593513/17709114/s65_katarzyna.dembicz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12289347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12289347"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12289347, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12289347", }); 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Esta transformación, sin embargo, aparte de las herramientas estructurales e institucionales, tendrá que disponer de un apoyo de la sociedad. Además del ánimo y de la esperanza por una mejora en la calidad de vida, debería haber lugar para el diálogo, el perdón y la comprensión. Esta reflexión se basa en la diversidad de reacciones que provocó el anuncio del acercamiento cubano-estadounidense.\r\n\r\nEntre los propios cubanos, habitantes de la isla, los comentarios fueron muy diversos. Junto a actitudes moderadas o negativas, se escuchan en su gran mayoría frases optimistas, de buena recepción, llenas de alivio, como las expuestas, el mismo 17 de diciembre, en la revista Convivencia (dirigida por Dagoberto Valdés) que “saluda el restablecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas entre la República de Cuba y los Estados Unidos de América. Deseamos que este clima de diálogo y negociación también se establezca entre el Gobierno de la República de Cuba y la sociedad civil cubana independiente...”. El reconocido cantautor Silvio Rodríguez , por su parte, añadía: “A mis hermanos cubanos a mis abuelos a los que están allá. Dios nos bendiga esto es muy grande”.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37576225,"asset_id":12289347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3131522,"first_name":"Katarzyna","last_name":"Dembicz","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"KatarzynaDembicz","display_name":"Katarzyna Dembicz","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/KatarzynaDembicz?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3131522/11593513/17709114/s65_katarzyna.dembicz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":269720,"name":"Cuban Studies/Art/Urbanism/Social/Migrations/Enviromental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies_Art_Urbanism_Social_Migrations_Enviromental?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76636510" data-work_id="76636510" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76636510/As_Escolas_internacionalistas_da_Ilha_da_Juventude_Forma%C3%A7%C3%A3o_revolucion%C3%A1ria_de_jovens_africanos_em_Cuba_anos_1970_e_1980_2022">As Escolas internacionalistas da Ilha da Juventude: Formação revolucionária de jovens africanos em Cuba (anos 1970 e 1980), 2022</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neste artigo abordamos as chamadas escolas internacionalistas criadas na Ilha da Juventude, em Cuba, nos anos 1970, voltadas especialmente para alunos/as estrangeiros/as provenientes de países com os quais o governo cubano possuía... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76636510" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neste artigo abordamos as chamadas escolas internacionalistas criadas na Ilha da Juventude, em Cuba, nos anos 1970, voltadas especialmente para alunos/as estrangeiros/as provenientes de países com os quais o governo cubano possuía relações de solidariedade internacional e interesses de cooperação militar e política. A partir da análise de reportagens do cinejornal cubano Noticiero ICAIC Latinoamericano produzidas nos anos 1970 e 80, de testemunhos publicados de ex-alunos/as e do diálogo com a historiografia sobre o tema, buscamos entender as condições em que estudantes, muitos deles/as africanos/as, viveram e estudaram em Cuba, experienciando o que o governo cubano propagava como uma formação revolucionária. Situamos essa experiência no contexto da política educacional implantada após a revolução de 1959, mediante a qual educação e trabalho eram tratados como atividades complementares, amparadas nos princípios de formação do “homem novo”. Constatamos que esse programa de cooperação integrou de forma importante as estratégias de diplomacia internacional cubana, especialmente no tocante às relações com a África. Analisamos, também, algumas implicações advindas dessa presença estrangeira em Cuba, em um contexto de gradual crise econômica proveniente da desintegração da URSS. Texto publicado na revista Varia Historia, e disponível em: <a href="https://www.scielo.br/j/vh/a/w6FCMhdk8NQT46mNcK6XX3G/?lang=pt#" rel="nofollow">https://www.scielo.br/j/vh/a/w6FCMhdk8NQT46mNcK6XX3G/?lang=pt#</a>.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76636510" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9344641b44992bfe0de93fd1f3b4c128" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84278428,"asset_id":76636510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84278428/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6594907" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexsandroSilva1">Alexsandro Silva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6594907" type="text/json">{"id":6594907,"first_name":"Alexsandro","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexsandroSilva1","display_name":"Alexsandro Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexsandroSilva1?f_ri=1250","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76636510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76636510"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76636510, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76636510", }); 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A partir da análise de reportagens do cinejornal cubano Noticiero ICAIC Latinoamericano produzidas nos anos 1970 e 80, de testemunhos publicados de ex-alunos/as e do diálogo com a historiografia sobre o tema, buscamos entender as condições em que estudantes, muitos deles/as africanos/as, viveram e estudaram em Cuba, experienciando o que o governo cubano propagava como uma formação revolucionária. Situamos essa experiência no contexto da política educacional implantada após a revolução de 1959, mediante a qual educação e trabalho eram tratados como atividades complementares, amparadas nos princípios de formação do “homem novo”. Constatamos que esse programa de cooperação integrou de forma importante as estratégias de diplomacia internacional cubana, especialmente no tocante às relações com a África. Analisamos, também, algumas implicações advindas dessa presença estrangeira em Cuba, em um contexto de gradual crise econômica proveniente da desintegração da URSS. Texto publicado na revista Varia Historia, e disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/vh/a/w6FCMhdk8NQT46mNcK6XX3G/?lang=pt#.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84278428,"asset_id":76636510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6594907,"first_name":"Alexsandro","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexsandroSilva1","display_name":"Alexsandro Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexsandroSilva1?f_ri=1250","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":19088,"name":"Cuban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":33381,"name":"Latin American Cinema","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Cinema?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":41305,"name":"Cuban Cinema","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Cinema?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45007954" data-work_id="45007954" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45007954/_Taller_Internacional_sobre_Dependencia_y_Trabajo_en_Latinoame_rica_organizado_por_Christian_G_De_Vito_Paulo_Cruz_Terra_y_Paola_A_Revilla_Bonn_Center_for_Dependency_and_Slavery_Studies_BCDSS_Universidad_de_Bonn_Alemania_28_29_de_enero_2021">"Taller Internacional sobre Dependencia y Trabajo en Latinoamérica" organizado por Christian G. De Vito, Paulo Cruz Terra y Paola A. Revilla. Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies (BCDSS). Universidad de Bonn, Alemania, 28-29 de enero, 2021.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hosts the Cluster of Excellence “Beyond Slavery and Freedom”, which aims to overcome the binary opposition of “slavery versus freedom”. For that we approach the phenomenon of slavery and other types of strong asymmetrical dependencies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45007954" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hosts the Cluster of Excellence “Beyond Slavery and Freedom”, which aims to overcome the binary opposition of “slavery versus freedom”. For that we approach the phenomenon of slavery and other types of strong asymmetrical dependencies from methodologically and theoretically distinct perspectives. <br /> <br />The Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies holds the “Dependency and Labor in Latin America” Workshop. The guests are based in Universities in Europe and the Americas, and the papers cover different spaces and periods. <br /> <br />The intention of the Workshop is to stimulate the debate on several aspects of dependency and labor in Latin America. The event has been organized along the following axes: “The Process and Impact of Abolition”, “Social Categorization and Work-related Dependency”, “Migrations, Borderlands, Colonization”, and “Dependencies, Transculture and Labor”. <br /> <br />Presentation: "Mondays at the Square: On the Domestic Mita Service in La Plata, Charcas (Sixteenth-Seventeenth Centuries)".</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45007954" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c31bfca2eca9a8a4c7436f566f8cd480" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65553262,"asset_id":45007954,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65553262/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3442692" href="https://ucbcba.academia.edu/PaolaRevillaOr%C3%ADas">Paola Revilla Orías</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3442692" type="text/json">{"id":3442692,"first_name":"Paola","last_name":"Revilla Orías","domain_name":"ucbcba","page_name":"PaolaRevillaOrías","display_name":"Paola Revilla Orías","profile_url":"https://ucbcba.academia.edu/PaolaRevillaOr%C3%ADas?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3442692/1651178/36693453/s65_paola.revilla_or_as.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45007954 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45007954"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45007954, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45007954", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45007954]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45007954").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45007954").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45007954"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="81259" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_History">Labor History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="81259" type="text/json">{"id":81259,"name":"Labor History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1196636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_and_Unfree_Labour">Free and Unfree Labour</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1196636" type="text/json">{"id":1196636,"name":"Free and Unfree Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_and_Unfree_Labour?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2925783" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dependency_Studies">Dependency Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2925783" type="text/json">{"id":2925783,"name":"Dependency Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dependency_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45007954]'), work: {"id":45007954,"title":"\"Taller Internacional sobre Dependencia y Trabajo en Latinoamérica\" organizado por Christian G. De Vito, Paulo Cruz Terra y Paola A. Revilla. Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies (BCDSS). Universidad de Bonn, Alemania, 28-29 de enero, 2021.","created_at":"2021-01-29T14:07:03.143-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45007954/_Taller_Internacional_sobre_Dependencia_y_Trabajo_en_Latinoame_rica_organizado_por_Christian_G_De_Vito_Paulo_Cruz_Terra_y_Paola_A_Revilla_Bonn_Center_for_Dependency_and_Slavery_Studies_BCDSS_Universidad_de_Bonn_Alemania_28_29_de_enero_2021?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_45007954","summary":"Hosts the Cluster of Excellence “Beyond Slavery and Freedom”, which aims to overcome the binary opposition of “slavery versus freedom”. For that we approach the phenomenon of slavery and other types of strong asymmetrical dependencies from methodologically and theoretically distinct perspectives.\r\n\r\nThe Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies holds the “Dependency and Labor in Latin America” Workshop. The guests are based in Universities in Europe and the Americas, and the papers cover different spaces and periods.\r\n\r\nThe intention of the Workshop is to stimulate the debate on several aspects of dependency and labor in Latin America. The event has been organized along the following axes: “The Process and Impact of Abolition”, “Social Categorization and Work-related Dependency”, “Migrations, Borderlands, Colonization”, and “Dependencies, Transculture and Labor”.\r\n\r\nPresentation: \"Mondays at the Square: On the Domestic Mita Service in La Plata, Charcas (Sixteenth-Seventeenth Centuries)\".","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65553262,"asset_id":45007954,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3442692,"first_name":"Paola","last_name":"Revilla Orías","domain_name":"ucbcba","page_name":"PaolaRevillaOrías","display_name":"Paola Revilla Orías","profile_url":"https://ucbcba.academia.edu/PaolaRevillaOr%C3%ADas?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3442692/1651178/36693453/s65_paola.revilla_or_as.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":81259,"name":"Labor History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1196636,"name":"Free and Unfree Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_and_Unfree_Labour?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":2925783,"name":"Dependency Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dependency_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38986915" data-work_id="38986915" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38986915/Daar_komt_den_oorlog_die_verbreekt_alles">Daar komt den oorlog, die verbreekt alles.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eerder verschenen in: E. van der Doe, P. Moree & D. J. Tang (red.) (2009), De smeekbede van een oude slavin en andere verhalen uit de West. Zuthpen, De Walburg Pers/Den Haag, Koninklijke Bibliotheek. Op 4 februari 1664 schrijft Hubert de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38986915" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eerder verschenen in: E. van der Doe, P. Moree & D. J. Tang (red.) (2009), De smeekbede van een oude slavin en andere verhalen uit de West. Zuthpen, De Walburg Pers/Den Haag, Koninklijke Bibliotheek. Op 4 februari 1664 schrijft Hubert de Loovere vanuit het Franse Guadeloupe een brief aan zijn moeder in Middelburg. ( 1 ) Het zijn slechts 23 regels op een enkel vel, maar het levert een schat aan gegevens op. De Loovere verbouwt suikerriet op Guadeloupe en zoals bijna iedere migrant maakt hij zich zorgen over de oorlogsdreiging in de regio en de mogelijke gevolgen voor zijn bedrijf. Zijn vooruitzichten lijken niet gunstig. De Franse Compagnie des Indes Occidentales heeft de handel met Nederland verboden en De Loovere zal zijn suiker voortaan naar Frankrijk zelf moeten verschepen. In de brief lijkt hij zich te verzoenen met de situatie of wellicht denkt hij dat het zo'n vaart niet zal lopen. Wijdverbreid onder migranten is ook het verlangen van een 'onderdanige soon' om van zijn moeder 'een letterken te vernemen': 'Eerbaere seer discrette juffrou Madelena Machielsse tot Middelb[urg] Gaedeloupe, a[nno] d[omin]ij, 4 februari 1664 Mijn seer lieve et wel beminde moeder, 't Zedert mijnnen lae[ts]ten ( 2 ) in lange van u edele niet vernomen. Wij zien dagelicx de schepen tegemoet om een letterken van u edele te vernemen [en] daer zeer naer verlangen. Want ( 3 ) mij aengaet, dancke Godt, zijn noch in goede dispossittie ( 4 ), [ik] [h]ope het[-] selve met u edele oock soo is, dat [h]ope [ik] lange sal duren. Het sal hierin met de Dusche ( 5 ) nattie ( 6 ) zeer slegt gaen alsoo de France Compa[gni]e de negossie ( 7 ) verboden heeft ende sulcx orsa[a]cke sal zijn wij al ons sucker op Vranckrijck sulle moette senden. Enfin, den tijt sal ons alles leren.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38986915" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8fa23c45afada64213fc9cf4acdb459e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59093095,"asset_id":38986915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59093095/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65714649" href="https://ua-aw.academia.edu/LucAlofs">Luc Alofs</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65714649" type="text/json">{"id":65714649,"first_name":"Luc","last_name":"Alofs","domain_name":"ua-aw","page_name":"LucAlofs","display_name":"Luc Alofs","profile_url":"https://ua-aw.academia.edu/LucAlofs?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65714649/19917955/133374729/s65_luc.alofs.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38986915 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38986915"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38986915, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38986915", }); 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Moree \u0026 D. J. Tang (red.) (2009), De smeekbede van een oude slavin en andere verhalen uit de West. Zuthpen, De Walburg Pers/Den Haag, Koninklijke Bibliotheek. Op 4 februari 1664 schrijft Hubert de Loovere vanuit het Franse Guadeloupe een brief aan zijn moeder in Middelburg. ( 1 ) Het zijn slechts 23 regels op een enkel vel, maar het levert een schat aan gegevens op. De Loovere verbouwt suikerriet op Guadeloupe en zoals bijna iedere migrant maakt hij zich zorgen over de oorlogsdreiging in de regio en de mogelijke gevolgen voor zijn bedrijf. Zijn vooruitzichten lijken niet gunstig. De Franse Compagnie des Indes Occidentales heeft de handel met Nederland verboden en De Loovere zal zijn suiker voortaan naar Frankrijk zelf moeten verschepen. In de brief lijkt hij zich te verzoenen met de situatie of wellicht denkt hij dat het zo'n vaart niet zal lopen. Wijdverbreid onder migranten is ook het verlangen van een 'onderdanige soon' om van zijn moeder 'een letterken te vernemen': 'Eerbaere seer discrette juffrou Madelena Machielsse tot Middelb[urg] Gaedeloupe, a[nno] d[omin]ij, 4 februari 1664 Mijn seer lieve et wel beminde moeder, 't Zedert mijnnen lae[ts]ten ( 2 ) in lange van u edele niet vernomen. Wij zien dagelicx de schepen tegemoet om een letterken van u edele te vernemen [en] daer zeer naer verlangen. Want ( 3 ) mij aengaet, dancke Godt, zijn noch in goede dispossittie ( 4 ), [ik] [h]ope het[-] selve met u edele oock soo is, dat [h]ope [ik] lange sal duren. Het sal hierin met de Dusche ( 5 ) nattie ( 6 ) zeer slegt gaen alsoo de France Compa[gni]e de negossie ( 7 ) verboden heeft ende sulcx orsa[a]cke sal zijn wij al ons sucker op Vranckrijck sulle moette senden. Enfin, den tijt sal ons alles leren.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59093095,"asset_id":38986915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65714649,"first_name":"Luc","last_name":"Alofs","domain_name":"ua-aw","page_name":"LucAlofs","display_name":"Luc Alofs","profile_url":"https://ua-aw.academia.edu/LucAlofs?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65714649/19917955/133374729/s65_luc.alofs.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":6873,"name":"Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":101472,"name":"Suriname","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suriname?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35101980 coauthored" data-work_id="35101980" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35101980/Dian_Murrays_Review_of_Pirate_Nests_in_the_New_West_Indian_Guide">Dian Murray's Review of Pirate Nests in the New West Indian Guide</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35101980" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="93f964487a6a1d1f625cf612b2e9611d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54963418,"asset_id":35101980,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54963418/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="289185" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/MarkHanna">Mark G . Hanna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="289185" type="text/json">{"id":289185,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Hanna","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"MarkHanna","display_name":"Mark G . 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The Second Slavery: Mass Slavery, World Economy and Comparative Microhistories</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Tomich, Dale; Zeuske, “The Second Slavery: Mass Slavery, World Economy and Comparative Microhistories”, in: Review: A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center, Binghamton University Vol. XXXI, no. 3 (2008), S. 91-100 (=special issue edited... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28174662" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Tomich, Dale; Zeuske, “The Second Slavery: Mass Slavery, World Economy and Comparative Microhistories”, in: Review: A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center, Binghamton University Vol. XXXI, no. 3 (2008), S. 91-100 (=special issue edited by Dale Tomich & Michael Zeuske, eds., The Second Slavery: Mass Slavery, World-Economy, and Comparative Microhistories, Part I).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28174662" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47805bed463258a0d7205c9bc5c7b12f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48487620,"asset_id":28174662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48487620/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2749796" href="https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/MichaelZeuske">Michael Zeuske</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2749796" type="text/json">{"id":2749796,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Zeuske","domain_name":"uni-bonn","page_name":"MichaelZeuske","display_name":"Michael Zeuske","profile_url":"https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/MichaelZeuske?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2749796/891638/7285399/s65_michael.zeuske.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28174662">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28174662"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://binghamton.academia.edu/DaleWTomich">Dale W. 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Tomich","profile_url":"https://binghamton.academia.edu/DaleWTomich?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33533497/10339532/11538093/s65_dale_w..tomich.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6283,"name":"History of Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6541,"name":"World History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":19088,"name":"Cuban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_History?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10082686" data-work_id="10082686" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10082686/Mitos_de_creaci%C3%B3n_los_monstruos_del_rosismo_en_la_prensa_de_los_salvajes_unitarios">Mitos de creación : los monstruos del rosismo en la prensa de los salvajes unitarios</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Resumen ¿ Quién crea monstruos ? ¿ Por qué ? y, ¿ qué hay detrás de esta creación ? En otros términos, de lo que aquí se trata es, a partir del análisis de una serie de figuras « monstruosas », comprender algunos de los complejos procesos... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10082686" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumen ¿ Quién crea monstruos ? ¿ Por qué ? y, ¿ qué hay detrás de esta creación ? En otros términos, de lo que aquí se trata es, a partir del análisis de una serie de figuras « monstruosas », comprender algunos de los complejos procesos que llevan a una determinada representación de mundo. El monstruo como síntesis de un modo de ver el mundo, el artista detrás de la creación y, en definitiva, el mundo que se intenta reconstruir por medio de esa creación, tan singular.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10082686" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d795311d5825731886839cf3b20f6618" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36206729,"asset_id":10082686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36206729/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1096510" href="https://univ-larochelle.academia.edu/diegojarak">diego jarak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1096510" type="text/json">{"id":1096510,"first_name":"diego","last_name":"jarak","domain_name":"univ-larochelle","page_name":"diegojarak","display_name":"diego jarak","profile_url":"https://univ-larochelle.academia.edu/diegojarak?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1096510/951708/23906537/s65_diego.jarak.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10082686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10082686"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10082686, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10082686", }); 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El monstruo como síntesis de un modo de ver el mundo, el artista detrás de la creación y, en definitiva, el mundo que se intenta reconstruir por medio de esa creación, tan singular.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36206729,"asset_id":10082686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1096510,"first_name":"diego","last_name":"jarak","domain_name":"univ-larochelle","page_name":"diegojarak","display_name":"diego jarak","profile_url":"https://univ-larochelle.academia.edu/diegojarak?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1096510/951708/23906537/s65_diego.jarak.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3347,"name":"Latin American politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_politics?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":12957,"name":"Latin American literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_literature?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":41401,"name":"Literatura Latinoamericana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_Latinoamericana?f_ri=1250"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=1250"},{"id":157969,"name":"Latinoamerica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latinoamerica?f_ri=1250"},{"id":159995,"name":"América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_312488" data-work_id="312488" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/312488/Review_of_Roper_and_Van_Ruymbeke_eds_Constructing_Early_Modern_Empires_Proprietary_Ventures_in_the_Atlantic_World_1500_1750">Review of Roper and Van Ruymbeke (eds.), Constructing Early Modern Empires: Proprietary Ventures in the Atlantic World, 1500-1750</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/312488" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a99a0b05331b5f983d940788413f491" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1522738,"asset_id":312488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1522738/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20262" href="https://newpaltz.academia.edu/LHRoper">L.H. 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In: Kohut, Karl et al. (Hg.): De conquistadores y conquistados. Realidad, justificación, representación. Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert Verlag 1992, pp. 131-152.","created_at":"2020-12-28T04:33:53.390-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44786784/Funciones_de_mitos_y_leyendas_en_textos_de_los_siglos_XVI_y_XVII_sobre_el_Nuevo_Mundo_In_Kohut_Karl_et_al_Hg_De_conquistadores_y_conquistados_Realidad_justificaci%C3%B3n_representaci%C3%B3n_Frankfurt_am_Main_Vervuert_Verlag_1992_pp_131_152?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_44786784","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65280763,"asset_id":44786784,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":180982910,"first_name":"Ottmar","last_name":"Ette","domain_name":"bbaw","page_name":"OttmarEtte","display_name":"Ottmar Ette","profile_url":"https://bbaw.academia.edu/OttmarEtte?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/180982910/50133791/38133322/s65_ottmar.ette.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":15812,"name":"Early Modern Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Intellectual_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":20487,"name":"Literary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":653875,"name":"Romance Languages and Literatures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romance_Languages_and_Literatures?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45143928 coauthored" data-work_id="45143928" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45143928/Nova_lei_velhos_dilemas_A_militariza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_pol%C3%ADtica_migrat%C3%B3ria_brasileira">Nova lei, velhos dilemas. A militarização da política migratória brasileira.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45143928" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07a6ec8795fa5e3460f46de7363d7b25" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65716816,"asset_id":45143928,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65716816/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46170989" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/GabrielDeVuono">Gabriel Dib Daud De Vuono</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46170989" type="text/json">{"id":46170989,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Dib Daud De Vuono","domain_name":"usp-br","page_name":"GabrielDeVuono","display_name":"Gabriel Dib Daud De Vuono","profile_url":"https://usp-br.academia.edu/GabrielDeVuono?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46170989/12639259/14060276/s65_gabriel.de_vuono.jpg_oh_0c77fca46e16dd96e8dd409cb322932a_oe_57a2f9b6"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45143928">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45143928"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/SuzanaMariaSilveira">Suzana Maria L Silveira</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45143928'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45143928').html(); 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In the meantime, several relatively short export cycles were based on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43893561" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From the immediate post-independence period to the Great Depression, Colombia went from having a mining-based export sector to being a mono-exporting coffee country. In the meantime, several relatively short export cycles were based on agricultural and forestry products. Although the different export cycles occurred in specific regions that combined different agricultural structures, socio-economic stratifications, and production systems, none of them survived the fall in prices resulting from growing globalization pressures, except in those cases were production could be adapted to forms of production based on peasant workforce. Based on this idea, Ocampo and Colmenares analyze the evolution of exports for a century, and its contribution to industrialization and economic modernization.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43893561" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ba9bd9ff70a92227b4e9220ed97995d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64216673,"asset_id":43893561,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64216673/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59079826" href="https://uninorte.academia.edu/SantiagoColmenaresGuerra">Santiago Colmenares Guerra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59079826" type="text/json">{"id":59079826,"first_name":"Santiago","last_name":"Colmenares Guerra","domain_name":"uninorte","page_name":"SantiagoColmenaresGuerra","display_name":"Santiago Colmenares Guerra","profile_url":"https://uninorte.academia.edu/SantiagoColmenaresGuerra?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59079826/15442719/16991592/s65_santiago.colmenares_guerra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43893561 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43893561"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43893561, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43893561", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43893561]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43893561").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43893561").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43893561"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3619" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_History">Rural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3619" type="text/json">{"id":3619,"name":"Rural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22319" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombian_History">Colombian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22319" type="text/json">{"id":22319,"name":"Colombian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombian_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43893561]'), work: {"id":43893561,"title":"Exports and economic development in Colombia: A regional perspective, 1830-1929","created_at":"2020-08-18T22:00:47.897-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43893561/Exports_and_economic_development_in_Colombia_A_regional_perspective_1830_1929?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_43893561","summary":"From the immediate post-independence period to the Great Depression, Colombia went from having a mining-based export sector to being a mono-exporting coffee country. 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This premise allows them to move beyond limited notions of inclusive education, such as those that focus exclusively on special education in the region (e.g., Johnstone, 2010). Their comprehensive approach to inclusiveness across countries within the English-speaking Caribbean, emphasis on the complexity of exclusivity as a force that instantiates inclusivity, and explicit focus on special education as an inclusive practice are all elements that allow this book to move discussions of inclusive education forward in ways that reflect a “broad equity agenda for all students” (Waitoller & Artiles, 2013, p. 321).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38695972" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="56f70ca16130a306a1dbfafa23281622" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58778774,"asset_id":38695972,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58778774/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63490262" href="https://usf.academia.edu/PatriannSmith">Patriann Smith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63490262" type="text/json">{"id":63490262,"first_name":"Patriann","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"usf","page_name":"PatriannSmith","display_name":"Patriann Smith","profile_url":"https://usf.academia.edu/PatriannSmith?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63490262/16754843/129997507/s65_patriann.smith.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38695972 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38695972"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38695972, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38695972", }); 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Their comprehensive approach to inclusiveness across countries within the English-speaking Caribbean, emphasis on the complexity of exclusivity as a force that instantiates inclusivity, and explicit focus on special education as an inclusive practice are all elements that allow this book to move discussions of inclusive education forward in ways that reflect a “broad equity agenda for all students” (Waitoller \u0026 Artiles, 2013, p. 321).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58778774,"asset_id":38695972,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63490262,"first_name":"Patriann","last_name":"Smith","domain_name":"usf","page_name":"PatriannSmith","display_name":"Patriann Smith","profile_url":"https://usf.academia.edu/PatriannSmith?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63490262/16754843/129997507/s65_patriann.smith.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=1250"},{"id":3489,"name":"Curriculum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6157,"name":"Inclusive education (Learning And Teaching)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusive_education_Learning_And_Teaching_?f_ri=1250"},{"id":13545,"name":"Teacher Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Training?f_ri=1250"},{"id":18512,"name":"Inclusive Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusive_Education?f_ri=1250"},{"id":26883,"name":"West Indies (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Indies_History_?f_ri=1250"},{"id":31686,"name":"Curriculum and Instruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Instruction?f_ri=1250"},{"id":36011,"name":"Curriculum \u0026 Instruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Instruction-1?f_ri=1250"},{"id":55712,"name":"Inclusive Education (including higher education)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusive_Education_including_higher_education_?f_ri=1250"},{"id":76966,"name":"Caribbean Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Education?f_ri=1250"},{"id":121777,"name":"Inclusive growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusive_growth?f_ri=1250"},{"id":130330,"name":"Special Education Needs and Inclusive Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Special_Education_Needs_and_Inclusive_Practice?f_ri=1250"},{"id":180901,"name":"Teacher Competences in Inclusive Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Competences_in_Inclusive_Education?f_ri=1250"},{"id":449647,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":806065,"name":"West Indies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Indies?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37574461" data-work_id="37574461" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37574461/Sugar_Realism_in_Caribbean_Fiction">Sugar Realism in Caribbean Fiction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">By employing sugar as a social metaphor, whether in narrative foreground or as backdrop, Caribbean writers confronted the oppressive histories and dark human institutions that arose together with the region’s sugar economy. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37574461" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">By employing sugar as a social metaphor, whether in narrative foreground or as backdrop, Caribbean writers confronted the oppressive histories and dark human institutions that arose together with the region’s sugar economy.  This proto-metaphor of sugar appealed to the legacy of a generational psychology as much as it did to a contemporary public conscience over the social travail that the industry generated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37574461" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f23512c577a51e2aea91a475a6e4300e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57552266,"asset_id":37574461,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57552266/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="291830" href="https://asu.academia.edu/JoeLockard">Joe Lockard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="291830" type="text/json">{"id":291830,"first_name":"Joe","last_name":"Lockard","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"JoeLockard","display_name":"Joe Lockard","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/JoeLockard?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/291830/71969/35441286/s65_joe.lockard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37574461 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37574461"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37574461, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37574461", }); 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This proto-metaphor of sugar appealed to the legacy of a generational psychology as much as it did to a contemporary public conscience over the social travail that the industry generated. 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Os pareceres de franciscanos e jesuítas a respeito do trabalho indígena (século XVI)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Desde o início da colonização, o trabalho compulsório dos indígenas esteve entre as questões mais debatidas na Espanha e em suas possessões americanas. Nos anos finais do século XVI, os repartimientos, instituição de recrutamento de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12912414" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Desde o início da colonização, o trabalho compulsório dos indígenas esteve entre as questões mais debatidas na Espanha e em suas possessões americanas. Nos anos finais do século XVI, os repartimientos, instituição de recrutamento de mão-de-obra nativa, estiveram sob o julgamento de franciscanos e jesuítas. Teólogos dessas duas ordens religiosas foram chamados a dar seus pareceres a respeito da licitude e legitimidade do repartimiento no México. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e confrontar as duas visões sobre aquela instituição, avaliando e enumerando os seus respectivos argumentos. <br /><br />Depuis le début de la colonisation, le travail forcé des indigènes a été largement discuté en Espagne et ses possessions américaines. Dans les dernières années du XVIe siècle, les repartimientos, institution de recruter la main-d’oeuvre indigène, ont été examiné et jugés par les jésuites et franciscains. Les théologiens de ces deux ordres religieux ont été invités à donner leurs avis sur la légalité et la légitimité des repartimientos dans le Mexique. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser et de comparer les deux points de vue sur cette institution, en train d’évaluer et d’énumérer leurs arguments respectifs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12912414" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fbd91dbafa4ca3cd3d4ab6c3edbd11e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37877720,"asset_id":12912414,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37877720/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10369099" href="https://ufmt.academia.edu/AndersonRobertidosReis">Anderson Roberti dos Reis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10369099" type="text/json">{"id":10369099,"first_name":"Anderson","last_name":"Roberti dos Reis","domain_name":"ufmt","page_name":"AndersonRobertidosReis","display_name":"Anderson Roberti dos Reis","profile_url":"https://ufmt.academia.edu/AndersonRobertidosReis?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10369099/3550059/61185835/s65_anderson.roberti_dos_reis.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12912414 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12912414"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12912414, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12912414", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12912414]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12912414").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12912414").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12912414"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1174" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies">Spanish Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1174" type="text/json">{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12912414]'), work: {"id":12912414,"title":"O repartimiento sob juízo no México. Os pareceres de franciscanos e jesuítas a respeito do trabalho indígena (século XVI)","created_at":"2015-06-10T15:30:13.537-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12912414/O_repartimiento_sob_ju%C3%ADzo_no_M%C3%A9xico_Os_pareceres_de_franciscanos_e_jesu%C3%ADtas_a_respeito_do_trabalho_ind%C3%ADgena_s%C3%A9culo_XVI_?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_12912414","summary":"Desde o início da colonização, o trabalho compulsório dos indígenas esteve entre as questões mais debatidas na Espanha e em suas possessões americanas. Nos anos finais do século XVI, os repartimientos, instituição de recrutamento de mão-de-obra nativa, estiveram sob o julgamento de franciscanos e jesuítas. Teólogos dessas duas ordens religiosas foram chamados a dar seus pareceres a respeito da licitude e legitimidade do repartimiento no México. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e confrontar as duas visões sobre aquela instituição, avaliando e enumerando os seus respectivos argumentos. \n\nDepuis le début de la colonisation, le travail forcé des indigènes a été largement discuté en Espagne et ses possessions américaines. Dans les dernières années du XVIe siècle, les repartimientos, institution de recruter la main-d’oeuvre indigène, ont été examiné et jugés par les jésuites et franciscains. Les théologiens de ces deux ordres religieux ont été invités à donner leurs avis sur la légalité et la légitimité des repartimientos dans le Mexique. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser et de comparer les deux points de vue sur cette institution, en train d’évaluer et d’énumérer leurs arguments respectifs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37877720,"asset_id":12912414,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10369099,"first_name":"Anderson","last_name":"Roberti dos Reis","domain_name":"ufmt","page_name":"AndersonRobertidosReis","display_name":"Anderson Roberti dos Reis","profile_url":"https://ufmt.academia.edu/AndersonRobertidosReis?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10369099/3550059/61185835/s65_anderson.roberti_dos_reis.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1174,"name":"Spanish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":3021,"name":"Colonial America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_America?f_ri=1250"},{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":4614,"name":"Central America and Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_America_and_Mexico?f_ri=1250"},{"id":5060,"name":"Indigenous Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Politics?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6564,"name":"Mexico History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":6880,"name":"Spanish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":7398,"name":"Jesuit history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_history?f_ri=1250"},{"id":10855,"name":"Franciscan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Franciscan_Studies?f_ri=1250"},{"id":18852,"name":"History of Colonial Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Colonial_Mexico?f_ri=1250"},{"id":43881,"name":"Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico?f_ri=1250"},{"id":45246,"name":"Colonial Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonial_Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=1250"},{"id":59791,"name":"Nueva España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nueva_Espana?f_ri=1250"},{"id":60543,"name":"Jesuits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuits?f_ri=1250"},{"id":60727,"name":"Historia de América","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_Am%C3%A9rica?f_ri=1250"},{"id":84793,"name":"New Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Spain?f_ri=1250"},{"id":139703,"name":"Monarquía Hispánica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monarqu%C3%ADa_Hisp%C3%A1nica?f_ri=1250"},{"id":159995,"name":"América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=1250"},{"id":416306,"name":"Historia Da America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Da_America?f_ri=1250"},{"id":693763,"name":"Historia de la Iglesia en la América colonial. 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With this rapid growth in population came an increase in street crime--thefts,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64827610" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Young, poor men and women migrated from the countryside and swelled the ranks of the unemployed and underemployed in Mexico City during the eighteenth century. With this rapid growth in population came an increase in street crime--thefts, assaults, and murders--along with moral crimes--prostitution, adultery, and vagrancy. These transgressions provided a steady flow of inmates to the city&#39;s six jails. This pioneering social history of crime and punishment in late colonial Latin America plunges us directly into the daily life and experiences of its lawbreakers. Women typically represented 30 percent of all criminals, and by the eighteenth century concern for their welfare resulted in Mexico City&#39;s first attempts at rehabilitation. This Enlightenment-era experiment in social re-education took the form of placing women in separate facilities or in private homes to serve as maids to &quot;respectable&quot; families, which often amounted to little more than exploitation of unpaid laborers. For men, jail was a way-station followed by severe corporal punishment and then years of forced labor. Many male criminals were assigned to clean rubbish-filled streets and open canals of Mexico City. Others went into factories, mines, or military service. All were expendable and frequently died before completing their term of confinement. &quot;A superior work of scholarship.&quot;--Colin MacLachlin, Tulane University</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64827610" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88716908" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GabrielHaslipViera">Gabriel Haslip-Viera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="88716908" type="text/json">{"id":88716908,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Haslip-Viera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GabrielHaslipViera","display_name":"Gabriel Haslip-Viera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GabrielHaslipViera?f_ri=1250","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64827610 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64827610"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64827610, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64827610", }); 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With this rapid growth in population came an increase in street crime--thefts, assaults, and murders--along with moral crimes--prostitution, adultery, and vagrancy. These transgressions provided a steady flow of inmates to the city\u0026#39;s six jails. This pioneering social history of crime and punishment in late colonial Latin America plunges us directly into the daily life and experiences of its lawbreakers. Women typically represented 30 percent of all criminals, and by the eighteenth century concern for their welfare resulted in Mexico City\u0026#39;s first attempts at rehabilitation. This Enlightenment-era experiment in social re-education took the form of placing women in separate facilities or in private homes to serve as maids to \u0026quot;respectable\u0026quot; families, which often amounted to little more than exploitation of unpaid laborers. For men, jail was a way-station followed by severe corporal punishment and then years of forced labor. Many male criminals were assigned to clean rubbish-filled streets and open canals of Mexico City. Others went into factories, mines, or military service. All were expendable and frequently died before completing their term of confinement. \u0026quot;A superior work of scholarship.\u0026quot;--Colin MacLachlin, Tulane University","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":88716908,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Haslip-Viera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GabrielHaslipViera","display_name":"Gabriel Haslip-Viera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GabrielHaslipViera?f_ri=1250","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true},{"id":2965,"name":"Sociology of Crime and Deviance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Crime_and_Deviance?f_ri=1250"},{"id":3410,"name":"Urban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=1250"},{"id":45544,"name":"History of Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Crime?f_ri=1250"},{"id":128448,"name":"History of Crime and Punishment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Crime_and_Punishment?f_ri=1250"},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=1250"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8841972" data-work_id="8841972" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8841972/DISCURSOS_Y_ESTRATEGIAS_EN_TORNO_A_LA_PAZ_LOS_CONFLICTOS_CON_LOS_IND%C3%8DGENAS_EN_LA_AM%C3%89RICA_HISPANA_DEL_SIGLO_XVIII">DISCURSOS Y ESTRATEGIAS EN TORNO A LA PAZ: LOS CONFLICTOS CON LOS INDÍGENAS EN LA AMÉRICA HISPANA DEL SIGLO XVIII</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">PAZ, GUERRA, CONFLICTOS, INDÍGENAS, AMÉRICA, SIGLO XVIII, MONARQUIA HISPÁNICA</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8841972" data-share-source="work_strip" 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8841972]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8841972").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8841972").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8841972"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3356" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda">Propaganda</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3356" type="text/json">{"id":3356,"name":"Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8841972]'), work: {"id":8841972,"title":"DISCURSOS Y ESTRATEGIAS EN TORNO A LA PAZ: LOS CONFLICTOS CON LOS INDÍGENAS EN LA AMÉRICA HISPANA DEL SIGLO XVIII","created_at":"2014-10-18T06:55:06.052-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8841972/DISCURSOS_Y_ESTRATEGIAS_EN_TORNO_A_LA_PAZ_LOS_CONFLICTOS_CON_LOS_IND%C3%8DGENAS_EN_LA_AM%C3%89RICA_HISPANA_DEL_SIGLO_XVIII?f_ri=1250","dom_id":"work_8841972","summary":"PAZ, GUERRA, CONFLICTOS, INDÍGENAS, AMÉRICA, SIGLO XVIII, MONARQUIA 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Paz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problematica_Da_Paz?f_ri=1250"},{"id":153949,"name":"Etnomusicología, Músicas del mundo, Músicas indígenas, Perspectivismo y Ontología indígena, Música del Amazonas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etnomusicologia_Musicas_del_mundo_Musicas_indigenas_Perspectivismo_y_Ontologia_indigena_M?f_ri=1250"},{"id":184891,"name":"Cultura De Paz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultura_De_Paz?f_ri=1250"},{"id":234501,"name":"Povos Indígenas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Povos_Ind%C3%ADgenas?f_ri=1250"},{"id":327936,"name":"Etnicidad de indígenas y afrodescendientes en Colombia y Argentina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etnicidad_de_indigenas_y_afrodescendientes_en_Colombia_y_Argentina?f_ri=1250"},{"id":350585,"name":"Pueblos indígenas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pueblos_ind%C3%ADgenas?f_ri=1250"},{"id":377790,"name":"Etnologia 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href="https://www.academia.edu/38319352/Unresolved_Public_Expressions_of_Anti_Trujilloism_in_Santo_Domingo">Unresolved Public Expressions of Anti-Trujilloism in Santo Domingo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38319352" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50a4b62e9ae2b95b7fb896258af96087" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58368847,"asset_id":38319352,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159832" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commodities">Commodities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159832" type="text/json">{"id":159832,"name":"Commodities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commodities?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="282020" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banana">Banana</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="282020" type="text/json">{"id":282020,"name":"Banana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banana?f_ri=1250","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8842455]'), work: {"id":8842455,"title":"Banana Wars: Power, Production, and History in the 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The Revolutionary Political Experiment in Nineteenth-Century Latin America (Princeton University Press 2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43171700" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b85688e3d05da8493f2ecd29ac11159" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63435141,"asset_id":43171700,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63435141/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2691908" href="https://universitaditorino.academia.edu/FedericaMorelli">Federica Morelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2691908" type="text/json">{"id":2691908,"first_name":"Federica","last_name":"Morelli","domain_name":"universitaditorino","page_name":"FedericaMorelli","display_name":"Federica Morelli","profile_url":"https://universitaditorino.academia.edu/FedericaMorelli?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2691908/2145151/2518085/s65_federica.morelli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43171700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43171700"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43171700, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43171700", }); 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En un contexto marcado por la primera ola feminista en los... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77306485" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La aprobación de la Constitución de 1901 que instauró la República de Cuba privó a las mujeres, tanto blancas como afrocubanas, del derecho a participar en el sistema electoral. En un contexto marcado por la primera ola feminista en los EEUU, las mujeres cubanas fundaron las primeras agrupaciones sufragistas y feministas para crear un estado de conciencia favorable a sus demandas y promover cambios legislativos que favoreciesen su acceso a las instituciones y una mayor igualdad en el código civil. Además de la lucha por el derecho al voto, las mujeres demandaron mayor protección laboral, se movilizaron en campañas educativas y por la paz, crearon ligas benéficas y asistenciales y participaron en los movimientos insurreccionales de 1933 y 1952. Su creciente activismo político y social fue generando entre las mujeres un mayor compromiso con los problemas nacionales y facilitó su expansión hacia el espacio público en los años previos a la revolución y la llegada de la segunda ola femin...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77306485" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc1115aacc6f520a0ac0ab2756c59f95" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84702070,"asset_id":77306485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84702070/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MzM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3904250" href="https://csic.academia.edu/ManuelRam%C3%ADrezChicharro">Manuel Ramírez Chicharro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3904250" type="text/json">{"id":3904250,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Ramírez Chicharro","domain_name":"csic","page_name":"ManuelRamírezChicharro","display_name":"Manuel Ramírez Chicharro","profile_url":"https://csic.academia.edu/ManuelRam%C3%ADrezChicharro?f_ri=1250","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3904250/6923364/18793970/s65_manuel.ram_rez_chicharro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77306485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77306485"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77306485, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77306485", }); 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