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accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mitocondri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitocondri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mitocondri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitocondri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ribosomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ribosomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ribosomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ribosomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reticolo_endoplasmatico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reticolo_endoplasmatico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reticolo endoplasmatico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reticolo_endoplasmatico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apparato_del_Golgi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apparato_del_Golgi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Apparato del Golgi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apparato_del_Golgi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plastidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plastidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Plastidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plastidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vacuolo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vacuolo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vacuolo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vacuolo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lisosomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lisosomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Lisosomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lisosomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perossisomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perossisomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Perossisomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perossisomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ciglia,_flagelli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ciglia,_flagelli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ciglia, flagelli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ciglia,_flagelli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centrioli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centrioli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Centrioli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centrioli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Organulo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 87 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عضية خلوية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عضية خلوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orqanell%C9%99r" title="Orqanellər - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orqanellər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Арганоіды - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арганоіды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Клетъчни органели - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клетъчни органели" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%81" title="অঙ্গাণু - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অঙ্গাণু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organit" title="Organit - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Organit" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organela" title="Organela - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Organela" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Org%C3%A0nul" title="Orgànul - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orgànul" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Органелла - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Органелла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%86%DA%86%DA%A9%DB%95" title="ئەندامۆچکە - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندامۆچکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organela" title="Organela - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Organela" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Органелла - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Органелла" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organyn" title="Organyn - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Organyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Organel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organell" title="Organell - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Organell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Οργανίδιο - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οργανίδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organelle" title="Organelle - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Organelle" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organeto" title="Organeto - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Organeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Org%C3%A1nulo" title="Orgánulo - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orgánulo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organell" title="Organell - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Organell" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organulu" title="Organulu - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Organulu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9" title="اندامک - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اندامک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluelin" title="Soluelin - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Soluelin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organite" title="Organite - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Org%C3%A1nulo" title="Orgánulo - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Orgánulo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynolt" title="Mynolt - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mynolt" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אברון - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אברון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="कोशिकांग - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोशिकांग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organela" title="Organela - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Organela" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92gan%C3%A8l" title="Òganèl - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Òganèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejtszervecske" title="Sejtszervecske - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sejtszervecske" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AB%D5%A4" title="Օրգանոիդ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրգանոիդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Organel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumul%C3%ADff%C3%A6ri" title="Frumulíffæri - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumulíffæri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%B0%8F%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="細胞小器官 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細胞小器官" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Organel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ორგანელები - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორგანელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Органоидтар - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Органоидтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%86%8C%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="세포소기관 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포소기관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endamok" title="Endamok - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Endamok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Органеллалар - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Органеллалар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organellum" title="Organellum - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Organellum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organell" title="Organell - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Organell" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgenei_citoplasmateg" title="Orgenei citoplasmateg - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Orgenei citoplasmateg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABnas_organo%C4%ABdi" title="Šūnas organoīdi - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šūnas organoīdi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Органела - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Органела" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="കോശാംഗം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശാംഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%85%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Эрхтэн - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрхтэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Organel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84" title="اورگانل - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اورگانل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organell" title="Organell - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Organell" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Organel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organell" title="Organell - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Organell" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organell" title="Organell - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Organell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organul" title="Organul - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Organul" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumtoo" title="Gumtoo - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gumtoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97" title="କୋଷାଙ୍ଗ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୋଷାଙ୍ଗ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਅੰਗਾਣੂ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਗਾਣੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organellum" title="Organellum - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Organellum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B6%DB%8C%DB%81" title="عضیہ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عضیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organelo" title="Organelo - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsaykuq_yawri" title="Kawsaykuq yawri - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsaykuq yawri" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organit_celular" title="Organit celular - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Organit celular" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Органеллы - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Органеллы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Органела - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Органела" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organela" title="Organela - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Organela" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F" title="ඉන්ද්‍රයිකා - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්ද්‍රයිකා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organelle" title="Organelle - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Organelle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organela" title="Organela - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Organela" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Organel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organela" title="Organela - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Organela" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ%C3%A9l" title="Organél - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Organél" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organell" title="Organell - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Organell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="நுண்ணுறுப்பு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நுண்ணுறுப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="ออร์แกเนลล์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออร์แกเนลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organoid" title="Organoid - turcomanno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Organoid" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organulo" title="Organulo - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Organulo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Organel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Органела - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Органела" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B6%DB%8C%DB%81" title="عضیہ - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عضیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organellalar" title="Organellalar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Organellalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0o_quan" title="Bào quan - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bào quan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%99%A8" title="细胞器 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="细胞器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%99%A8" title="細胞器 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="細胞器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B3-kh%C3%AC-koan" title="Sió-khì-koan - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sió-khì-koan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%83%9E%E5%99%A8" title="細胞胞器 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="細胞胞器" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isithokazane" title="Isithokazane - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isithokazane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45948#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Organulo" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Organulo" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Reindirizzamento da <strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organelli&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Organelli">Organelli</a></strong>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento citologia <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Citologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Progetto:Citologia">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Struttura_della_cellula_vegetale.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Struttura_della_cellula_vegetale.svg/400px-Struttura_della_cellula_vegetale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Struttura_della_cellula_vegetale.svg/600px-Struttura_della_cellula_vegetale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Struttura_della_cellula_vegetale.svg/800px-Struttura_della_cellula_vegetale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Gli organelli di una cellula vegetale</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Struttura_della_cellula_animale.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Struttura_della_cellula_animale.svg/400px-Struttura_della_cellula_animale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Struttura_della_cellula_animale.svg/600px-Struttura_della_cellula_animale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Struttura_della_cellula_animale.svg/800px-Struttura_della_cellula_animale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Gli organelli di una cellula animale</figcaption></figure> <p>Gli <b>organuli</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> o <b>organelli</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sono strutture provviste di <a href="/wiki/Membrana_interna" title="Membrana interna">membrana</a> presenti all'interno della <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">cellula eucariota</a> che svolgono differenti funzioni necessarie alla sua sopravvivenza.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gli organuli, assieme al <a href="/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol">citosol</a>, formano il <a href="/wiki/Citoplasma" title="Citoplasma">citoplasma</a>. </p><p>La presenza di tali strutture è una delle differenze fra cellule eucariote e <a href="/wiki/Cellula_procariote" title="Cellula procariote">procariote</a>, che ne sono prive. Altre formazioni, come <a href="/wiki/Ribosoma" title="Ribosoma">ribosomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citoscheletro" title="Citoscheletro">citoscheletro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centrosoma" title="Centrosoma">centrosoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centriolo" title="Centriolo">centriolo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nucleolo" title="Nucleolo">nucleolo</a> non possono essere considerate organuli, in quanto privi di membrana. Alcuni organuli, come i <a href="/wiki/Mitocondrio" title="Mitocondrio">mitocondri</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Cloroplasto" title="Cloroplasto">cloroplasti</a>, vengono divisi in modo sommario fra le due cellule figlie durante la <a href="/wiki/Mitosi" title="Mitosi">mitosi</a>, perché in grado poi di autoduplicarsi. </p><p>Le teorie sulla nascita di alcuni organuli sono varie e controverse. Una molto accreditata sostiene che si siano originati da organismi a sé stanti fagocitati dalle cellule in tempi preistorici, che hanno cominciato a vivere in <a href="/wiki/Simbiosi" title="Simbiosi">simbiosi</a> con le cellule stesse fino a diventarne parte. A favore di questa teoria c'è il fatto che molti organuli, ad esempio, come detto, i cloroplasti e i mitocondri, sono in grado di dividersi autonomamente e inoltre possiedono un <a href="/wiki/Acido_desossiribonucleico" class="mw-redirect" title="Acido desossiribonucleico">DNA</a> proprio. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <th>Cellula animale tipica </th> <th>Cellula vegetale tipica </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Organelli </th> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleo_cellulare" title="Nucleo cellulare">Nucleo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleolo" title="Nucleolo">Nucleolo</a> (all'interno del nucleo)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticolo_endoplasmatico_rugoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Reticolo endoplasmatico rugoso">Reticolo endoplasmatico rugoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticolo_endoplasmatico_liscio" class="mw-redirect" title="Reticolo endoplasmatico liscio">Reticolo endoplasmatico liscio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribosomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribosomi">Ribosomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citoscheletro" title="Citoscheletro">Citoscheletro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparato_di_Golgi" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparato di Golgi">Apparato di Golgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perossisomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Perossisomi">Perossisomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitocondri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitocondri">Mitocondri</a> (sistema formato dalla membrana eucariotica, cioè l'organulo vero e proprio, e dall'eubatterio rickettsiale <a href="/wiki/Endosimbiosi" title="Endosimbiosi">endosimbionte</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisosomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisosomi">Lisosomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrosomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrosomi">Centrosomi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrioli" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrioli">Centrioli</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleo_cellulare" title="Nucleo cellulare">Nucleo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleolo" title="Nucleolo">Nucleolo</a> (all'interno del nucleo)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticolo_endoplasmatico_rugoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Reticolo endoplasmatico rugoso">Reticolo endoplasmatico rugoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticolo_endoplasmatico_liscio" class="mw-redirect" title="Reticolo endoplasmatico liscio">Reticolo endoplasmatico liscio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribosomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribosomi">Ribosomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citoscheletro" title="Citoscheletro">Citoscheletro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparato_di_Golgi" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparato di Golgi">Apparato di Golgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perossisomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Perossisomi">Perossisomi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gliossisomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliossisomi">gliossisomi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitocondri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitocondri">Mitocondri</a> (sistema formato dalla membrana eucariotica, cioè l'organulo vero e proprio, e dall'eubatterio rickettsiale <a href="/wiki/Endosimbiosi" title="Endosimbiosi">endosimbionte</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastidi">Plastidi</a> (sistema formato dalla membrana eucariotica, cioè l'organulo vero e proprio, e dall'eubatterio cianobatterico <a href="/wiki/Endosimbiosi" title="Endosimbiosi">endosimbionte</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacuoli">Vacuoli</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Strutture addizionali </th> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Membrana_plasmatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Membrana plasmatica">Membrana plasmatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagello_(biologia)" title="Flagello (biologia)">Flagelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciglia_(biologia)" title="Ciglia (biologia)">Ciglia</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Membrana_plasmatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Membrana plasmatica">Membrana plasmatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagello_(biologia)" title="Flagello (biologia)">Flagelli</a> (solo nei gameti)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parete_cellulare" title="Parete cellulare">Parete cellulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmodesmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasmodesmi">Plasmodesmi</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mitocondri">Mitocondri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Mitocondri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mitocondri"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Mitocondrio" title="Mitocondrio">Mitocondrio</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>I mitocondri sono gli organelli addetti alla respirazione cellulare, sostituiti da introflessioni della membrana cellulare contenenti enzimi respiratori nei procarioti. Come respirazione cellulare si intende la produzione di energia come molecole <a href="/wiki/Adenosina_trifosfato" title="Adenosina trifosfato">ATP</a> tramite l'ossidazione di cataboliti. </p><p>Altra funzione dei mitocondri è quella di fungere da serbatoio per gli ioni Ca++, che devono essere contenuti nella cellula in minime ma costanti quantità con grandi scorte. Possiedono due membrane cellulari, la primaria e la secondaria: lo spazio fra queste due membrane è detto spazio intermembrana. La prima membrana è molto porosa, nello spazio intermembrana si trova un fluido acquoso ricco di sali minerali ed altre sostanze. Lo spazio interno alla seconda membrana, più selettiva, all'interno della quale la seconda parete si allunga in lunghe pieghe da entrambe le parti che arrivano circa a metà e che sono dette creste mitocondriali. In queste creste si depositano gli enzimi respiratori. </p><p>Analoghi ai mitocondri, e probabilmente derivati da essi, sono i <a href="/wiki/Mitosoma" title="Mitosoma">mitosomi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ribosomi">Ribosomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Ribosomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ribosomi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Ribosoma" title="Ribosoma">Ribosoma</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>I ribosomi hanno il compito di effettuare la sintesi proteica, ogni ribosoma è composto da due subunità ribosomiali, che consistono in RNA ribosomiale e proteine, che vengono montate separatamente nel nucleolo del nucleo. Le subunità si spostano attraverso i pori nucleari nel citoplasma, dove si legano per formare il ribosoma funzionante. I ribosomi possono essere ritrovati nel citoplasma, sia liberi che associati con una membrana chiamata reticolo endoplasmatico. I ribosomi liberi sintetizzano le proteine, mentre i ribosomi del reticolo endoplasmatico possono riprodurre proteine che vengono secrete dalle cellule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reticolo_endoplasmatico">Reticolo endoplasmatico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Reticolo endoplasmatico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Reticolo endoplasmatico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Reticolo_endoplasmatico" title="Reticolo endoplasmatico">Reticolo endoplasmatico</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Il reticolo endoplasmatico è presente in tutte le cellule eucariote, sia animali che vegetali. La funzione primaria del reticolo endoplasmatico è quella di effettuare la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintesi_dei_lipidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintesi dei lipidi (la pagina non esiste)">sintesi dei lipidi</a> o delle <a href="/wiki/Proteina" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteina">proteine</a> che devono essere inviate all'esterno o in altri comparti-organelli cellulari. Il suo secondo scopo è quello di dividere la cellula in comparti: infatti spesso nel citosol avvengono <a href="/wiki/Reazione_chimica" title="Reazione chimica">reazioni chimiche</a> che, se entrassero in contatto fra loro, genererebbero sostanze nocive per la cellula (o letali): invece il reticolo endoplasmatico, dividendola in tanti scomparti, preserva la sicurezza delle reazioni chimiche e garantisce il loro risultato. A questo proposito, la membrana nucleare si può considerare una porzione specializzata del reticolo stesso, in quanto delimita anch'essa uno spazio preciso: il <a href="/wiki/Nucleo_cellulare" title="Nucleo cellulare">nucleo</a>. Il terzo scopo del reticolo endoplasmatico è quello di coadiuvare il citoscheletro e il citosol nel sostenere la cellula e prendere parte ai suoi movimenti. </p><p>In generale, il reticolo è costituito da una serie di membrane cellulari comuni, che si estendono da quella esterna a quella nucleare. Ci sono due tipi di reticolo: quello liscio e quello ruvido. Mentre quello liscio è semplicemente composto come sopradescritto, quello ruvido è ricoperto di <a href="/wiki/Ribosomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribosomi">ribosomi</a>. Il primo serve ad effettuare la sintesi lipidica ed assume funzioni specifiche nelle cellule speciali (contenimento di <a href="/wiki/Enzimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzimi">enzimi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ione" title="Ione">ioni</a> ecc), il secondo ad effettuare la sintesi proteica (tramite i ribosomi) per scopi indirizzati all'esterno. Infatti le proteine così prodotte vengono glicosilate, ovvero vengono legate a catene che fungono da segnale per la spedizione all'esterno. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apparato_del_Golgi">Apparato del Golgi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Apparato del Golgi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Apparato del Golgi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Apparato_del_Golgi" title="Apparato del Golgi">Apparato del Golgi</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>L'apparato di Golgi serve a concentrare ed organizzare le secrezioni del reticolo endoplasmatico in granuli. È costituito da una serie di sacche di membrana cellulare, il cui interno è detto "lume della sacca": queste sacche sono dette <a href="/wiki/Dittiosomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dittiosomi">dittiosomi</a>. Essi si possono classificare in tre classi: quelli della 'faccia cis' - rivolti verso il nucleo, quelli intermedi e quelli della 'faccia trans’, rivolti verso il citoplasma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plastidi">Plastidi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Plastidi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Plastidi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I plastidi come per esempio i cloroplasti, i cromoplasti e gli aminoplasti sono una famiglia di organelli con svariate funzioni. Nelle piante verdi, i cloroplasti, effettuano l'attività fotosintetica. I cloroplasti sono costituiti da un triplice sistema di membrane: la membrana limitante esterna che circonda completamente l'organello, la membrana limitante interna che si posiziona appena al di sotto di quella esterna, e le tilacoidi, terzo sistema di membrane costituito da una serie di cisterne appiattite che si trovano disperse nello stroma, compartimento interno racchiuso dalla due membrane limitanti. All'interno delle tilacoidi alloggiano i pigmenti fotosintetici, come le clorofille responsabili della conversione dell'energia luminosa in energia chimica dell'ATP e del NADPH. Lo stroma inoltre contiene DNA, ribosomi, enzimi e tutti i fattori necessari alla trascrizione e per la sintesi proteica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vacuolo">Vacuolo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Vacuolo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Vacuolo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Vacuolo" title="Vacuolo">Vacuolo</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Presente sia nelle cellule vegetali che in quelle di funghi serve per immagazzinare sostanze nutritive ed altro. I vacuoli hanno la funzione principale di dare sostegno meccanico alla cellula e ai tessuti cellulari; infatti all'interno dei vacuoli vengono concentrati numerosi soluti che aumentano la pressione osmotica. La conseguenza è un ingresso netto di acqua nei vacuoli stessi, questi si gonfiano e determinano l'addossamento della membrana plasmatica alla parete cellulare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lisosomi">Lisosomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Lisosomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Lisosomi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Lisosoma" title="Lisosoma">Lisosoma</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Sono vescicole contenenti numerosi enzimi litici capaci di digerire gran parte delle molecole biologiche. I globuli bianchi utilizzano lo stesso sistema per digerire i batteri ed eliminarli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perossisomi">Perossisomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Perossisomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Perossisomi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <b>perossisoma</b> (o microbodies) è un organello cellulare vescicolare di circa 0,5-1 µm di diametro, ubiquitario negli eucarioti, separato dal citoplasma da una membrana che contiene almeno 50 enzimi ossidativi. In generale i perossisomi sono considerati comparti metabolici specializzati, contenenti enzimi in grado di trasferire idrogeno da diverse sostanze e legarlo all'ossigeno per la formazione di perossido di idrogeno (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). In una cellula epatica vi possono essere fino a 600 perossisomi all'interno dei quali è a volte rintracciabile un nucleo denso che contiene vari enzimi come l'urato ossidasi, la catalasi, il D-amminoacido ossidasi. I perossisomi furono identificati per la prima volta come organelli cellulari dal biochimico belga Christian de Duve nel 1967 dopo che erano stati descritti nel 1954 dallo svedese Johannes Rhodin. </p><p>I perossisomi esercitano molte azioni che vanno dall'ossidazione degli acidi grassi a lunga catena (detta beta-ossidazione), alla sintesi del colesterolo e degli acidi biliari nelle cellule epatiche, alla produzione di plasmalogeni. Intervengono altresì nel metabolismo degli amminoacidi e delle purine e prendono parte al processo di smaltimento dei composti metabolici tossici. </p><p>I perossisomi elaborano al loro interno il perossido di idrogeno (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), (da cui presero il nome) a seguito dei processi di ossidazione, catalizzati da vari enzimi (<a href="/wiki/Urato_ossidasi" title="Urato ossidasi">urato ossidasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/(S)-2-idrossiacido_ossidasi" title="(S)-2-idrossiacido ossidasi">glicolato ossidasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amminoacido_ossidasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Amminoacido ossidasi">amminoacido ossidasi</a>) che per svolgersi necessitano di ossigeno molecolare (O<sub>2</sub>). Il perossido di idrogeno è altamente reattivo ed ha azione ossidante per cui viene subito eliminato dall'enzima <a href="/wiki/Catalasi" title="Catalasi">catalasi</a> (uno dei più rappresentati) che catalizza la seguente reazione: </p><p>2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> → O<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O </p><p>Dal catabolismo degli acidi grassi a lunga catena si formano perossido di idrogeno e acetil coenzima A (acetil CoA). L'acetil CoA viene utilizzato dalla cellula per il proprio metabolismo. Il perossido di idrogeno ha potere lesivo nei confronti di microrganismi ed interviene in alcuni processi di detossificazione. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ciglia,_flagelli"><span id="Ciglia.2C_flagelli"></span>Ciglia, flagelli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Ciglia, flagelli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ciglia, flagelli"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strutture lunghe e sottili che differiscono fra loro solo per la dimensione. Quando sono corte e numerose sono ciglia, quando sono lunghi e poco numerosi sono flagelli. Ciglia e flagelli hanno funzione di difesa e movimento. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Centrioli">Centrioli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Centrioli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Centrioli"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Centriolo" title="Centriolo">Centriolo</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Organelli citoplasmatici, non contenuti nel nucleo. Costituiti da nove triplette di microtubuli. Si duplicano durante l'interfase che precede la fase mitotica ed inoltre partecipano alla formazione del corpo basale di ciglia e flagelli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/organulo/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Orgànulo</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 5 settembre 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dizionari.repubblica.it/Italiano/O/organello.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Organello: significato e definizione</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">dizionari.repubblica.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 5 settembre 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04324.html">IUPAC Gold Book, "organelles"</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Gli_organuli_cellulari" class="extiw" title="v:Gli organuli cellulari">Wikiversità</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Organelles"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Organelles?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiversità"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiversità" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/18px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/36px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversità</a> contiene risorse su <b><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Gli_organuli_cellulari" class="extiw" title="v:Gli organuli cellulari">oganulo</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Organelles?uselang=it">oganulo</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organulo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/organelle"><span style="font-style:italic;">organelle</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45948#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Cellula"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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href="/wiki/Trascrizione_(biologia)" title="Trascrizione (biologia)">Trascrizione</a> → <a href="/wiki/Sintesi_proteica" title="Sintesi proteica">Sintesi proteica</a> → <a href="/wiki/Ripiegamento_di_proteine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripiegamento di proteine">Folding</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=34190">34190</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85021661">sh85021661</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4043772-3">4043772-3</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122529076">cb122529076</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122529076">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007284824805171">987007284824805171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569972">00569972</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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trattano di biologia</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organulo&oldid=139748025">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organulo&oldid=139748025</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Organelli" title="Categoria:Organelli">Organelli</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_citologia" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - citologia">Senza fonti - citologia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_febbraio_2009" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - febbraio 2009">Senza fonti - febbraio 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_Thesaurus_BNCF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF">Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_NDL" title="Categoria:Voci con codice NDL">Voci con 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