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id="toc-Crew_seat_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew_seat_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Crew seat assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew_seat_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_objective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_objective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mission objective</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mission_objective-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mission objective subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mission_objective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tethered_Satellite_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tethered_Satellite_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tethered Satellite System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tethered_Satellite_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_mission_objectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_mission_objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other mission objectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_mission_objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternating_use_of_bunk_bed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternating_use_of_bunk_bed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alternating use of bunk bed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternating_use_of_bunk_bed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operating system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fictional_STS-75_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fictional_STS-75_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fictional STS-75 mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fictional_STS-75_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3-%DB%B7%DB%B5" title="اس‌تی‌اس-۷۵ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اس‌تی‌اس-۷۵" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS%E2%80%9375" title="STS–75 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="STS–75" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="STS-75" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q749642#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1996 American crewed spaceflight</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">STS-75</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-75_Tethered_Satellite_System_deployment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/STS-75_Tethered_Satellite_System_deployment.jpg/260px-STS-75_Tethered_Satellite_System_deployment.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/STS-75_Tethered_Satellite_System_deployment.jpg/390px-STS-75_Tethered_Satellite_System_deployment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/STS-75_Tethered_Satellite_System_deployment.jpg/520px-STS-75_Tethered_Satellite_System_deployment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="2672" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Deployment of the Tethered Satellite System</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Microgravity research<br />Technology development</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1996-012A">1996-012A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749642#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">23801</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">15 days, 17 hours, 40 minutes, 22 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance travelled</th><td class="infobox-data">10,500,000 kilometres (6,500,000 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits completed</th><td class="infobox-data">252</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia"><i>Columbia</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Payload mass</th><td class="infobox-data">10,592 kilograms (23,351 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Crew</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crew size</th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_M._Allen" title="Andrew M. Allen">Andrew M. Allen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Scott_J._Horowitz" title="Scott J. Horowitz">Scott J. Horowitz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Hoffman" title="Jeffrey A. Hoffman">Jeffrey A. Hoffman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Cheli" title="Maurizio Cheli">Maurizio Cheli</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Nicollier" title="Claude Nicollier">Claude Nicollier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_R._Chang-Diaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin R. Chang-Diaz">Franklin R. Chang-Diaz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Guidoni" title="Umberto Guidoni">Umberto Guidoni</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">22 February 1996, 20:18:00<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1996-02-22UTC20:18Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">LC-39B</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">9 March 1996, 13:58:22<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1996-03-09UTC13:58:23Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data">Kennedy, <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Landing_Facility" title="Shuttle Landing Facility">SLF Runway 33</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">277 kilometres (172 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">320 kilometres (200 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28.45 degrees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">90.5 minutes</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-75-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sts-75-patch.png/180px-Sts-75-patch.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sts-75-patch.png/270px-Sts-75-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sts-75-patch.png/360px-Sts-75-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="1982" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-75_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/STS-75_crew.jpg/220px-STS-75_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/STS-75_crew.jpg/330px-STS-75_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/STS-75_crew.jpg/440px-STS-75_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2337" /></a></span><br />Left to right - Seated: Horowitz, Allen, Chang-Diaz; Standing: Cheli, Guidoni, Hoffman, Nicollier<div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/STS-72" title="STS-72">STS-72</a> (74)</div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/STS-76" title="STS-76">STS-76</a> (76) →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>STS-75</b> was a 1996 <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> mission, the 19th mission of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia"><i>Columbia</i></a> orbiter. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crew">Crew</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-75&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;"><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Position</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:200px;">Astronaut </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Commander </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_M._Allen" title="Andrew M. Allen">Andrew M. Allen</a><br />Third and last spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Pilot </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Scott_J._Horowitz" title="Scott J. Horowitz">Scott J. Horowitz</a><br />First spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 1 </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Hoffman" title="Jeffrey A. Hoffman">Jeffrey A. Hoffman</a><br />Fifth and last spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 2<br />Flight Engineer </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Cheli" title="Maurizio Cheli">Maurizio Cheli</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a><br />Only spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 3 </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Claude_Nicollier" title="Claude Nicollier">Claude Nicollier</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a><br />Third spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 4<br />Payload Commander </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Chang-D%C3%ADaz" title="Franklin Chang-Díaz">Franklin Chang-Díaz</a><br />Fifth spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Payload Specialist </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Guidoni" title="Umberto Guidoni">Umberto Guidoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">ASI</a><br />First spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Allen, Hoffman, Nicollier and Chang-Díaz had previously been members of the <a href="/wiki/STS-46" title="STS-46">STS-46</a> crew, which had flown the TSS-1 experiment in 1992. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crew_seat_assignments">Crew seat assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-75&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crew seat assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Seat<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Launch </th> <th>Landing </th> <td rowspan="8"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/150px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/225px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/300px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="834" /></a></span><br />Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.<br />Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck. </td></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td colspan="2">Allen </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td colspan="2">Horowitz </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td>Hoffman </td> <td>Nicollier </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td colspan="2">Cheli </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td>Nicollier </td> <td>Hoffman </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td colspan="2">Chang-Diaz </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td colspan="2">Guidoni </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_objective">Mission objective</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-75&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mission objective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tethered_Satellite_System">Tethered Satellite System</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-75&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tethered Satellite System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary objective of STS-75 was to carry the <a href="/wiki/Tethered_Satellite_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Tethered Satellite System">Tethered Satellite System</a> Reflight (TSS-1R) into orbit and to deploy it spaceward on a conducting tether. The mission also flew the United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-3) designed to investigate materials science and condensed matter physics. </p><p>The TSS-1R mission was a reflight of TSS-1 which was flown onboard Space Shuttle <i>Atlantis</i> on <a href="/wiki/STS-46" title="STS-46">STS-46</a> in July/August 1992. The <a href="/wiki/Space_tether" title="Space tether">Tether Satellite System</a> circled the Earth at an altitude of 296 kilometers, placing the tether system within the rarefied electrically charged layer of the atmosphere known as the <a href="/wiki/Ionosphere" title="Ionosphere">ionosphere</a>. </p><p>STS-75 mission scientists hoped to deploy the tether to a distance of 20.7 kilometers (12.9 mi; 11.2 nmi). Over 19 kilometers (12 mi; 10 nmi) of the tether were deployed (over a period of 5 hours) before the tether broke. Many pieces of floating debris were produced by the plasma discharge and rupture of the tether, and some collided with it.<sup id="cite_ref-Chobotov1999_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chobotov1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stone2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TSS-1R-FIB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSS-1R-FIB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The satellite remained in orbit for a number of weeks and was easily visible from the ground. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TSS-1R_tether_composition.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="TSS-1R." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/TSS-1R_tether_composition.png/220px-TSS-1R_tether_composition.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/TSS-1R_tether_composition.png/330px-TSS-1R_tether_composition.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/TSS-1R_tether_composition.png/440px-TSS-1R_tether_composition.png 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>TSS-1R tether composition [NASA].</figcaption></figure> <p>The electric conductor of the tether was a copper braid wound around a nylon (Nomex) string. It was encased in <a href="/wiki/Teflon" class="mw-redirect" title="Teflon">teflon</a>-like insulation, with an outer cover of <a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">kevlar</a>, inside a nylon (Nomex) sheath. The culprit turned out to be the innermost core, made of a porous material which, during its manufacture, trapped many bubbles of air, at atmospheric pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone2016_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later vacuum-chamber experiments suggested that the unwinding of the reel uncovered pinholes in the insulation. That in itself would not have caused a major problem, because the ionosphere around the tether, under normal circumstance, was too rarefied to divert much of the current. However, the air trapped in the insulation changed that. As air bubbled out of the pinholes, the high voltage of the nearby tether, about 3500 volts, converted it into a relatively dense plasma (similar to the ignition of a fluorescent tube), and therefore made the tether a much better conductor of electricity. This plasma diverted to the metal of the shuttle and from there to the ionospheric return circuit. That current was enough to melt the cable.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone2016_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The specific TSS-1R mission objectives were: characterize the current-voltage response of the TSS-orbiter system, characterize the satellite's high-voltage sheath structure and current collection process, demonstrate electric power generation, verify tether control laws and basic tether dynamics, demonstrate the effect of neutral gas on the plasma sheath and current collection, characterize the TSS radio frequency and plasma wave emissions and characterize the TSS dynamic-electrodynamic coupling.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone2016_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TSS-1R Science Investigations included: TSS Deployer Core Equipment and Satellite Core Equipment (DCORE/SCORE), Research on Orbital Plasma Electrodynamics (ROPE), Research on Electrodynamic Tether Effects (RETE), Magnetic Field Experiment for TSS Missions (TEMAG), Shuttle Electrodynamic Tether System (SETS), Shuttle Potential and Return Electron Experiment (SPREE), Tether Optical Phenomena Experiment (TOP), Investigation of Electromagnetic Emissions by the Electrodynamic Tether (EMET), Observations at the Earth's Surface of Electromagnetic Emissions by TSS (OESSE), Investigation and Measurement of Dynamic Noise in the TSS (IMDN), Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of TSS Dynamics (TEID) and the Theory and Modeling in Support of Tethered Satellite Applications (TMST). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_mission_objectives">Other mission objectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-75&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other mission objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The USMP-3 payload consisted of four major experiments mounted on two Mission Peculiar Experiment Support Structures (MPESS) and three Shuttle Mid-deck experiments. The experiments were: Advanced Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (AADSF), Material pour l'Etude des Phenomenes Interessant la Solidification sur Terre et en Orbite (MEPHISTO), Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS), Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE), Critical Fluid Light Scattering Experiment (ZENO) and Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternating_use_of_bunk_bed">Alternating use of bunk bed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-75&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alternating use of bunk bed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astronauts Jeffrey A. Hoffman and Scott J. Horowitz, both Jewish, had alternating use of the same bunk bed, to which Hoffman attached, upon Horowitz's request, a <a href="/wiki/Mezuzah" title="Mezuzah">mezuzah</a>, using Velcro.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operating_system">Operating system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-75&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Operating system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>STS-75 also was the first use of an operating system based on the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> on orbit. An older Digital <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> program, originally on a <a href="/wiki/AlphaServer" title="AlphaServer">DEC AlphaServer</a>, was ported to run <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> on a laptop. The next use of Linux was a year later, on <a href="/wiki/STS-83" title="STS-83">STS-83</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fictional_STS-75_mission">Fictional STS-75 mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-75&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fictional STS-75 mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>STS-75 was the shuttle mission described in the fictional NASA <a href="/wiki/Document_12-571-3570" title="Document 12-571-3570">Document 12-571-3570</a>, although this document was disseminated several years before STS-75 was launched. The document purports to report on experiments to determine effective <a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">sexual positions in microgravity</a>. Astronomer and scientific writer Pierre Kohler mistook this document for fact and is responsible for a major increase in its redistribution in the early 21st century. Conspiracy theories first made in the early beginnings of the Shuttle era of sex in space were suddenly made rampant again, causing a minor press debacle among <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">tabloids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-75&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-75.htm">"STS-75"</a>. Spacefacts<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-75&rft.pub=Spacefacts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacefacts.de%2Fmission%2Fenglish%2Fsts-75.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-75" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chobotov1999-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chobotov1999_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChobotovMains1999" class="citation journal cs1">Chobotov, V.A.; Mains, D.L. (April 1999). "Tether satellite system collision study". <i>Acta Astronautica</i>. <b>44</b> (7–12): 543–551. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999AcAau..44..543C">1999AcAau..44..543C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0094-5765%2899%2900098-3">10.1016/s0094-5765(99)00098-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0094-5765">0094-5765</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:109004311">109004311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Astronautica&rft.atitle=Tether+satellite+system+collision+study&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=7%E2%80%9312&rft.pages=543-551&rft.date=1999-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0094-5765%2899%2900098-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A109004311%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0094-5765&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999AcAau..44..543C&rft.aulast=Chobotov&rft.aufirst=V.A.&rft.au=Mains%2C+D.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-75" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stone2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stone2016_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone2016_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone2016_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone2016_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2016" class="citation journal cs1">Stone, Nobie H (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160007056/downloads/20160007056.pdf">"Unique Results and Lessons Learned From the TSS Missions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>5th International Conference on Tethers in Space</i> – via NTRS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=5th+International+Conference+on+Tethers+in+Space&rft.atitle=Unique+Results+and+Lessons+Learned+From+the+TSS+Missions&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Nobie+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Fapi%2Fcitations%2F20160007056%2Fdownloads%2F20160007056.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-75" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TSS-1R-FIB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TSS-1R-FIB_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>TSS-1R mission failure investigation board : final report</i>. United States: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1995. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43059641">43059641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TSS-1R+mission+failure+investigation+board+%3A+final+report.&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43059641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-75" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon" class="citation magazine cs1">Gordon, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.communitym.com/article.asp?article_id=104383&article_type=0">"Practicing Judaism in space - Jewish astronauts reflect upon their time in outer space"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Community_Magazine_(Brooklyn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Magazine (Brooklyn)">Community Magazine (Brooklyn)</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Community+Magazine+%28Brooklyn%29&rft.atitle=Practicing+Judaism+in+space+-+Jewish+astronauts+reflect+upon+their+time+in+outer+space&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.communitym.com%2Farticle.asp%3Farticle_id%3D104383%26article_type%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-75" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051210063223/http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ftp/news/1997/spc0317.txt">"LINUX TO FLY ON STS-83"</a>. <i>SpaceNews</i>. 17 March 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ftp/news/1997/spc0317.txt">the original</a> on 10 December 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=LINUX+TO+FLY+ON+STS-83&rft.date=1997-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amsat.org%2Famsat%2Fftp%2Fnews%2F1997%2Fspc0317.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-75" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoach2011" class="citation book cs1">Roach, Mary (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=At4oZYabls4C&pg=PA235"><i>Packing For Mars</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 235–236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393339918" title="Special:BookSources/9780393339918"><bdi>9780393339918</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225140703/https://books.google.com/books?id=At4oZYabls4C&pg=PA235">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Packing+For+Mars&rft.pages=235-236&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780393339918&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAt4oZYabls4C%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-75" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/policies.html#Guidelines">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>. </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternPeredo" class="citation web cs1">Stern, David P.; Peredo, Mauricio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phy6.org/Education/wtether.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere": The Space Tether Experiment"</a>. 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talk:Space Shuttle Columbia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space Shuttle Columbia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_Shuttle_Columbia_(OV-102)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Space Shuttle <i>Columbia</i></a> (OV-102)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-1" title="STS-1">STS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-2" title="STS-2">STS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-3" title="STS-3">STS-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-4" title="STS-4">STS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-5" title="STS-5">STS-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-9" title="STS-9">STS-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-C" title="STS-61-C">STS-61-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-28" title="STS-28">STS-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-32" title="STS-32">STS-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-35" title="STS-35">STS-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-40" title="STS-40">STS-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-50" title="STS-50">STS-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-52" title="STS-52">STS-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-55" title="STS-55">STS-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-58" title="STS-58">STS-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-62" title="STS-62">STS-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-65" title="STS-65">STS-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-73" title="STS-73">STS-73</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-78" title="STS-78">STS-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-80" title="STS-80">STS-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-83" title="STS-83">STS-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-94" title="STS-94">STS-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-87" title="STS-87">STS-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-90" title="STS-90">STS-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-93" title="STS-93">STS-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-109" title="STS-109">STS-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Columbia_lands_following_STS-62_on_18_March_1994._(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_lands_following_STS-62_on_18_March_1994._%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_lands_following_STS-62_on_18_March_1994._%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_lands_following_STS-62_on_18_March_1994._%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_lands_following_STS-62_on_18_March_1994._%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_lands_following_STS-62_on_18_March_1994._%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_lands_following_STS-62_on_18_March_1994._%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="521" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Out of service: <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster"><i>Columbia</i> disaster (destroyed)</a> 1 February 2003 (<a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board"><i>Columbia</i> Accident Investigation Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-E" title="STS-61-E">STS-61-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-H" title="STS-61-H">STS-61-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancelled_Space_Shuttle_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancelled Space Shuttle missions">STS-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Memorial_Space_Center" title="Columbia Memorial Space Center">Columbia Memorial Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Hills_(Mars)" title="Columbia Hills (Mars)">Columbia Hills (Mars)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Countdown_(Rush_song)" title="Countdown (Rush song)">Countdown</a>" (1982 song)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hail_Columbia_(film)" title="Hail Columbia (film)">Hail Columbia</a></i> (1982 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Columbia:_The_Tragic_Loss" title="Columbia: The Tragic Loss">Columbia: The Tragic Loss</a></i> (2004 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._Space_Shuttle_missions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Template:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Template talk:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._Space_Shuttle_missions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">U.S. Space Shuttle missions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Completed<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">(crews)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1977 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approach_and_Landing_Tests" title="Approach and Landing Tests">Approach and Landing Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-1" title="STS-1">STS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-2" title="STS-2">STS-2</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-3" title="STS-3">STS-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-4" title="STS-4">STS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-5" title="STS-5">STS-5</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-6" title="STS-6">STS-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-7" title="STS-7">STS-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-8" title="STS-8">STS-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-9" title="STS-9">STS-9</a></li></ul></li> <li>1984 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-B" title="STS-41-B">STS-41-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-C" title="STS-41-C">STS-41-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-A" title="STS-51-A">STS-51-A</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-C" title="STS-51-C">STS-51-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-D" title="STS-51-D">STS-51-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-B" title="STS-51-B">STS-51-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-G" title="STS-51-G">STS-51-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-F" title="STS-51-F">STS-51-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I">STS-51-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-J" title="STS-51-J">STS-51-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-A" title="STS-61-A">STS-61-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-B" title="STS-61-B">STS-61-B</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-C" title="STS-61-C">STS-61-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>1988 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-26" title="STS-26">STS-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-27" title="STS-27">STS-27</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-29" title="STS-29">STS-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-30" title="STS-30">STS-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-28" title="STS-28">STS-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-34" title="STS-34">STS-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-33" title="STS-33">STS-33</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-32" title="STS-32">STS-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-36" title="STS-36">STS-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-31" title="STS-31">STS-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41" title="STS-41">STS-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-38" title="STS-38">STS-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-35" title="STS-35">STS-35</a></li></ul></li> <li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-37" title="STS-37">STS-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-39" title="STS-39">STS-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-40" title="STS-40">STS-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-43" title="STS-43">STS-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-48" title="STS-48">STS-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-44" title="STS-44">STS-44</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-42" title="STS-42">STS-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-45" title="STS-45">STS-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-50" title="STS-50">STS-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-46" title="STS-46">STS-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-52" title="STS-52">STS-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-53" title="STS-53">STS-53</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-54" title="STS-54">STS-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-56" title="STS-56">STS-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-55" title="STS-55">STS-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-57" title="STS-57">STS-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51" title="STS-51">STS-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-58" title="STS-58">STS-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61" title="STS-61">STS-61</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-60" title="STS-60">STS-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-62" title="STS-62">STS-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-59" title="STS-59">STS-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-65" title="STS-65">STS-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-64" title="STS-64">STS-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-68" title="STS-68">STS-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-66" title="STS-66">STS-66</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63">STS-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">STS-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-71" title="STS-71">STS-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-70" title="STS-70">STS-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-69" title="STS-69">STS-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-73" title="STS-73">STS-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-74" title="STS-74">STS-74</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-72" title="STS-72">STS-72</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-76" title="STS-76">STS-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-78" title="STS-78">STS-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-79" title="STS-79">STS-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-80" title="STS-80">STS-80</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-81" title="STS-81">STS-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-82" title="STS-82">STS-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-83" title="STS-83">STS-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-84" title="STS-84">STS-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-94" title="STS-94">STS-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-85" title="STS-85">STS-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-86" title="STS-86">STS-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-87" title="STS-87">STS-87</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-89" title="STS-89">STS-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-90" title="STS-90">STS-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-91" title="STS-91">STS-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-95" title="STS-95">STS-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-88" title="STS-88">STS-88</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-96" title="STS-96">STS-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-93" title="STS-93">STS-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-103" title="STS-103">STS-103</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-99" title="STS-99">STS-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-101" title="STS-101">STS-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-106" title="STS-106">STS-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-92" title="STS-92">STS-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a></li></ul></li> <li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-98" title="STS-98">STS-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-102" title="STS-102">STS-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-100" title="STS-100">STS-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-104" title="STS-104">STS-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-105" title="STS-105">STS-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-108" title="STS-108">STS-108</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-109" title="STS-109">STS-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-110" title="STS-110">STS-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-111" title="STS-111">STS-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-112" title="STS-112">STS-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-113" title="STS-113">STS-113</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-114" title="STS-114">STS-114</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-121" title="STS-121">STS-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-115" title="STS-115">STS-115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-116" title="STS-116">STS-116</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-117" title="STS-117">STS-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-120" title="STS-120">STS-120</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-122" title="STS-122">STS-122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-124" title="STS-124">STS-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-126" title="STS-126">STS-126</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-119" title="STS-119">STS-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-125" title="STS-125">STS-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-127" title="STS-127">STS-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-128" title="STS-128">STS-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-129" title="STS-129">STS-129</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-130" title="STS-130">STS-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-131" title="STS-131">STS-131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-132" title="STS-132">STS-132</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-133" title="STS-133">STS-133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-134" title="STS-134">STS-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-135" title="STS-135">STS-135</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">Cancelled</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">STS-41-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-E" title="STS-61-E">STS-61-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-F" title="STS-61-F">STS-61-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-G" title="STS-61-G">STS-61-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-H" title="STS-61-H">STS-61-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-62-A" title="STS-62-A">STS-62-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-M" title="STS-61-M">STS-61-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-J" title="STS-61-J">STS-61-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">STS-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-3xx" title="STS-3xx">STS-3xx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-400" title="STS-400">STS-400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis">Atlantis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Challenger</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">report</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Columbia</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster">disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour">Endeavour</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise">Enterprise</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup> indicates failure missions.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1995Orbital_launches_in_19961997_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1996" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1996"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1996" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1996"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1996" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1996"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1995Orbital_launches_in_19961997_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1995_in_spaceflight" title="1995 in spaceflight">← 1995</a></div><a href="/wiki/1996_in_spaceflight" title="1996 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1996</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1997_in_spaceflight" title="1997 in spaceflight">1997 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-72" title="STS-72">STS-72</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=SPARTAN-206&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPARTAN-206 (page does not exist)">SPARTAN-206</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_3R" title="Intelsat 3R">PAS-3R</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Africasat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Africasat-1 (page does not exist)">MEASAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABS-1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABS-1A (page does not exist)">Koreasat 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2327&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2327 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2327</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.43L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.43L (page does not exist)">Gorizont #43L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paksat-1" title="Paksat-1">Palapa C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_b" title="N-STAR b">N-STAR b</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_708" title="Intelsat 708">Intelsat 708</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2328&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2328 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2328</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2329&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2329 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2329</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2330&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2330 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2330</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gonets-D1_No.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gonets-D1 No.1 (page does not exist)">Gonets-D1 #1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gonets-D1_No.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gonets-D1 No.2 (page does not exist)">Gonets-D1 #2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gonets-D1_No.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gonets-D1 No.3 (page does not exist)">Gonets-D1 #3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_No.44L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran' No.44L (page does not exist)">Gran' #44L</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-23" title="Soyuz TM-23">Soyuz TM-23</a></u></li> <li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-75</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=TSS-1R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TSS-1R (page does not exist)">TSS-1R</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_(satellite)" title="Polar (satellite)">Polar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=REX_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="REX II (page does not exist)">REX II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_707" title="Intelsat 707">Intelsat 707</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2331&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2331 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRS-P3" title="IRS-P3">IRS-P3</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-76" title="STS-76">STS-76</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-117" title="USA-117">USA-117</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inmarsat-3_F1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inmarsat-3 F1 (page does not exist)">Inmarsat-3 F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_1F" title="Astra 1F">Astra 1F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSAT-1" class="mw-redirect" title="MSAT-1">MSAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priroda" title="Priroda">Priroda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midcourse_Space_Experiment" title="Midcourse Space Experiment">MSX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2332&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2332 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2332</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-118&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-118 (page does not exist)">USA-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-31" title="Progress M-31">Progress M-31</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-119&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-119 (page does not exist)">USA-119</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-120 (page does not exist)">USA-120</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-121&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-121 (page does not exist)">USA-121</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-122&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-122 (page does not exist)">USA-122</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-123&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-123 (page does not exist)">USA-123</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-124&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-124 (page does not exist)">USA-124</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kometa_No.18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kometa No.18 (page does not exist)">Kometa #18</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palapa_C2" class="mw-redirect" title="Palapa C2">Palapa C2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelsat_24" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelsat 24">Amos-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSTI-3" class="mw-redirect" title="MSTI-3">MSTI-3</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=SPARTAN-207&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPARTAN-207 (page does not exist)">SPARTAN-207</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inflatable_Antenna_Experiment" title="Inflatable Antenna Experiment">IAE</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=PAMS-STU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAMS-STU (page does not exist)">PAMS-STU</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_9" title="Galaxy 9">Galaxy 9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.44L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.44L (page does not exist)">Gorizont #44L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cluster_F1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cluster F1 (page does not exist)">Cluster F1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cluster_F2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cluster F2 (page does not exist)">Cluster F2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cluster_F3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cluster F3 (page does not exist)">Cluster F3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cluster_F4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cluster F4 (page does not exist)">Cluster F4</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_709" title="Intelsat 709">Intelsat 709</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-78" title="STS-78">STS-78</a></u></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1996_Soyuz_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June 1996 Soyuz launch failure (page does not exist)">Kobal't</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TOMS-EP" class="mw-redirect" title="TOMS-EP">TOMS-EP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-125&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-125 (page does not exist)">USA-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apstar_1A" class="mw-redirect" title="Apstar 1A">Apstar 1A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabsat_2A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabsat 2A (page does not exist)">Arabsat 2A</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrksat_1C" title="Türksat 1C">Türksat 1C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-126" title="USA-126">USA-126</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-127&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-127 (page does not exist)">USA-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-32" title="Progress M-32">Progress M-32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A9l%C3%A9com_2D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Télécom 2D (page does not exist)">Télécom 2D</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italsat_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italsat 2 (page does not exist)">Italsat 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya_1-79&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya 1-79 (page does not exist)">Molniya 1-79</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midori_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midori (satellite) (page does not exist)">Midori</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji 2 (page does not exist)">Fuji 2</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-24" title="Soyuz TM-24">Soyuz TM-24</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HGS-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HGS-2 (page does not exist)">Chinasat-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Auroral_Snapshot_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer">FAST</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interbol_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interbol 2 (page does not exist)">Interbol 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigon_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigon 5 (page does not exist)">Maigon 5</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor (satellite) (page does not exist)">Victor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2333&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2333 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2333</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2334&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2334 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2334</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=UNAMSAT-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNAMSAT-2 (page does not exist)">UNAMSAT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inmarsat-3_F2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inmarsat-3 F2 (page does not exist)">Inmarsat-3 F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC-1" title="AMC-1">GE-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_II" title="EchoStar II">EchoStar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-128" title="USA-128">USA-128</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-79" title="STS-79">STS-79</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekspress-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekspress-6 (page does not exist)">Ekspress-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanhui_Shi_Weixing" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing">FSW-17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya_3-62&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya 3-62 (page does not exist)">Molniya 3-62</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SAC-B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAC-B (page does not exist)">SAC-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabsat_2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabsat 2B (page does not exist)">Arabsat 2B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Africasat_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Africasat 2 (page does not exist)">MEASAT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-80" title="STS-80">STS-80</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Wake_Shield_Facility" title="Wake Shield Facility">WSF</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ORFEUS-SPAS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORFEUS-SPAS (page does not exist)">ORFEUS-SPAS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-33" title="Progress M-33">Progress M-33</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eutelsat_W48&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eutelsat W48 (page does not exist)">Hot Bird 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)">Sojourner</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2335&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2335 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2335</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inmarsat-3_F3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inmarsat-3 F3 (page does not exist)">Inmarsat-3 F3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2336&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2336 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2336</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-129&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-129 (page does not exist)">USA-129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion_No.11" class="mw-redirect" title="Bion No.11">Bion No.11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-75&oldid=1253774960">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-75&oldid=1253774960</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Category:Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1996" title="Category:Spacecraft launched in 1996">Spacecraft launched in 1996</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2024">Articles with dead external links from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2020">Use dmy dates from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_NASA" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2014" title="Category:Use American English from January 2014">Use American English from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 October 2024, at 20:33<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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