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id="toc-Spacewalks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spacewalks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Spacewalks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spacewalks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crew_seat_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew_seat_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Crew seat assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew_seat_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_highlights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_highlights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mission highlights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_highlights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coca-Cola_in_Space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coca-Cola_in_Space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Coca-Cola in Space</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coca-Cola_in_Space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mission insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-63</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3-%DB%B6%DB%B3" title="اس‌تی‌اس-۶۳ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اس‌تی‌اس-۶۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS%E2%80%9363" title="STS–63 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="STS–63" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="STS-63" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1143978#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/STS-63" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:STS-63" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a 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.infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">STS-63</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:STS063-712-068.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/STS063-712-068.jpg/260px-STS063-712-068.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/STS063-712-068.jpg/390px-STS063-712-068.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/STS063-712-068.jpg/520px-STS063-712-068.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4218" data-file-height="4212" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">View from <i>Discovery</i> of <i>Mir</i> with the <a href="/wiki/Progress_M-25" title="Progress M-25">Progress M-25</a> (top) and <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-20" title="Soyuz TM-20">Soyuz-TM <i>Vityaz</i></a> (bottom) spacecraft</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Space_Transportation_System" title="Space Transportation System">Space Transportation System</a>-63</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Research<br /><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> rendezvous</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1995-004A">1995-004A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143978#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">23469<span style="float:right"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143978?uselang=en#P377" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">8 days, 6 hours, 28 minutes, 15 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance travelled</th><td class="infobox-data">4,816,454 kilometers (2,992,806 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits completed</th><td class="infobox-data">129</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Payload mass</th><td class="infobox-data">8,641 kilograms (19,050 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Crew</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crew size</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Wetherbee" class="mw-redirect" title="James D. Wetherbee">James D. Wetherbee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_A._Harris,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard A. Harris, Jr.">Bernard A. Harris, Jr.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foale" title="Michael Foale">Michael Foale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Janice_E._Voss" title="Janice E. Voss">Janice E. Voss</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_G._Titov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir G. Titov">Vladimir G. Titov</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">February 3, 1995, 05:22:04<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1995-02-03UTC05:22:04Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">LC-39B</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">February 11, 1995, 11:50:19<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1995-02-11UTC11:50:20Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data">Kennedy, <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Landing_Facility" title="Shuttle Landing Facility">SLF Runway 15</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">275 kilometres (171 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">342 kilometres (213 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">51.6 degrees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">92.3 minutes</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-63-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sts-63-patch.png/180px-Sts-63-patch.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sts-63-patch.png/270px-Sts-63-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sts-63-patch.png/360px-Sts-63-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="2253" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-63_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sts-63_crew.jpg/220px-Sts-63_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sts-63_crew.jpg/330px-Sts-63_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sts-63_crew.jpg/440px-Sts-63_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2968" data-file-height="2297" /></a></span><br />Left to right - Seated: Voss, Collins, Wetherbee, Titov; Standing: Harris, Foale<div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/STS-66" title="STS-66">STS-66</a> (66)</div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">STS-67</a> (68) →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>STS-63</b> was the second mission of the US/Russian <a href="/wiki/Shuttle-Mir_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle-Mir Program">Shuttle-Mir Program</a> and the 20th flight of Discovery, which carried out the first rendezvous of the American <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> with Russia's space station <i><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></i>. Known as the 'Near-Mir' mission, the flight used <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Space Shuttle <i>Discovery</i></a>, which lifted off from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">launch pad 39B</a> on February 3, 1995, from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>, Florida. A night launch and the 20th mission for <i>Discovery</i>, it marked the first time a Space Shuttle mission had a female pilot, <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a>, and the first EVAs for both a <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> born astronaut, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foale" title="Michael Foale">Michael Foale</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/US" class="mw-redirect" title="US">US</a> astronaut of African heritage, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_A._Harris,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard A. Harris, Jr.">Bernard A. Harris, Jr.</a> It also carried out the successful deployment and retrieval of the Spartan-204 platform, along with the scheduled rendezvous and flyaround of <i>Mir</i>, in preparation for <a href="/wiki/STS-71" title="STS-71">STS-71</a>, the first mission to dock with <i>Mir</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crew">Crew</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-63&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;"><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Position</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:200px;">Astronaut </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Commander </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/James_D._Wetherbee" class="mw-redirect" title="James D. Wetherbee">James D. Wetherbee</a><br />Third spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Pilot </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a><br />First spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 1 </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_A._Harris_Jr." title="Bernard A. Harris Jr.">Bernard A. Harris Jr.</a><br />Second and last spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 2<br />Flight Engineer </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foale" title="Michael Foale">Michael Foale</a><br />Third spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 3 </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Janice_E._Voss" title="Janice E. Voss">Janice E. Voss</a><br />Second spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 4 </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_G._Titov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir G. Titov">Vladimir G. Titov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federal_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federal Space Agency">RKA</a><br />Third<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spaceflight </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spacewalks">Spacewalks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-63&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spacewalks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b> Foale and Harris </b></i> – EVA 1</li> <li><b>EVA 1 Start</b>: February 9, 1995 – 11:56 UTC</li> <li><b>EVA 1 End</b>: February 9, 1995 – 16:35 UTC</li> <li><b>Duration</b>: 4 hours, 39 minutes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crew_seat_assignments">Crew seat assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-63&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crew seat assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Seat<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Launch </th> <th>Landing </th> <td rowspan="8"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/150px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/225px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/300px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="834" /></a></span><br />Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.<br />Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck. </td></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td colspan="2">Wetherbee </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td colspan="2">Collins </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td>Harris </td> <td>Voss </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td colspan="2">Foale </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td>Voss </td> <td>Harris </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td colspan="2">Titov </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgray"><i>Unused</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_highlights">Mission highlights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-63&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mission highlights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-63_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/STS-63_launch.jpg/220px-STS-63_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/STS-63_launch.jpg/330px-STS-63_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/STS-63_launch.jpg/440px-STS-63_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Launch of STS-63</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Attempt</th> <th>Planned</th> <th>Result</th> <th>Turnaround</th> <th>Reason</th> <th>Decision point</th> <th>Weather go (%)</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1995-02-02 00:47:44 !">2 Feb 1995, 12:47:44 am</span></td> <td>Scrubbed</td> <td>—</td> <td>Technical</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Failure of Inertial Measurement Unit #2.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1995-02-03 00:22:04 !">3 Feb 1995, 12:22:04 am</span></td> <td>Success</td> <td>0 days 23 hours 34 minutes</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>STS-63's primary objective was to perform a rendezvous and fly around the Russian space station <i>Mir</i>. The objectives of the <i>Mir</i> rendezvous were to verify flight techniques, communications and navigation aid sensor interfaces, and engineering analyses associated with Shuttle/<i>Mir</i> proximity operations in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/STS-71" title="STS-71">STS-71</a> docking mission. </p><p>Other objectives of the flight were to perform the operations necessary to fulfill the requirements of experiments located in <a href="/wiki/SPACEHAB" class="mw-redirect" title="SPACEHAB">SPACEHAB</a>-3 and to fly captively, then deploy and retrieve the Spartan-204 payload. Spartan-204, the Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy, was a free-flying retrievable platform. It was designed to obtain data in the far ultraviolet region of the spectrum from diffuse sources of light. Two crewmembers were scheduled to perform a five-hour spacewalk. </p><p>Payloads flying aboard STS-63 included the Cryo Systems Experiment (CSE), the Shuttle Glow (GLO-2) experiment, Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS-2), the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE), the Air Force Maui Optical Site Calibration Test (AMOS) and the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX). </p><p>Beginning on flight day one, a series of thruster burns were performed daily to bring <i>Discovery</i> in line with <i>Mir</i>. The original plan called for the orbiter to approach to no closer than 10 meters (33 ft) from <i>Mir</i>, and then complete a flyaround of the Russian space station. However, three of the 44 orbiter Reaction Control System (RCS) thrusters—small firing jets used for on-orbit maneuvering—sprang leaks prior to rendezvous. Shortly after main engine cutoff, two leaks occurred in the aft primary thrusters, one of which—called R1U—was key to rendezvous. A third leak occurred later in flight in the forward primary thruster, but the crew was able to fix the problem. </p><p>After extensive negotiations and technical information exchanges between the U.S. and Russian space teams, the Russians concluded close approach could be safely achieved and the STS-63 crew was given 'go' to proceed. R1U's thruster manifold was closed and the backup thruster was selected for the approach. Ship-to-ship radio contact with <i>Mir</i> was achieved well ahead of time, and Titov, who had previously lived on <i>Mir</i> for more than a year, communicated excitedly with the three cosmonauts aboard the space station: Mir 17 Commander <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Viktorenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Viktorenko">Alexander Viktorenko</a>; Flight Engineer <a href="/wiki/Yelena_Kondakova" title="Yelena Kondakova">Yelena Kondakova</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Valery_Polyakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Valery Polyakov">Valery Polyakov</a>, a physician who had broken Titov's record for extended time in space. After stationkeeping at a distance of 122 metres (400 ft) from <i>Mir</i> and with Wetherbee manually controlling the orbiter, <i>Discovery</i> was flown to 11 metres (36 ft) from the Russian space station. "As we are bringing our spaceships closer together, we are bringing our nations closer together," Wetherbee said after <i>Discovery</i> was at point of closest approach. "The next time we approach, we will shake your hand and together we will lead our world into the next millennium." The closest approach to <i>Mir</i> of 11 metres (36 ft) occurred on February 6, 1995, at 19:23:20 UTC. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cosmonaut_Polyakov_Watches_Discovery%27s_Rendezvous_With_Mir_-_GPN-2002-000078.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cosmonaut_Polyakov_Watches_Discovery%27s_Rendezvous_With_Mir_-_GPN-2002-000078.jpg/220px-Cosmonaut_Polyakov_Watches_Discovery%27s_Rendezvous_With_Mir_-_GPN-2002-000078.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cosmonaut_Polyakov_Watches_Discovery%27s_Rendezvous_With_Mir_-_GPN-2002-000078.jpg/330px-Cosmonaut_Polyakov_Watches_Discovery%27s_Rendezvous_With_Mir_-_GPN-2002-000078.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cosmonaut_Polyakov_Watches_Discovery%27s_Rendezvous_With_Mir_-_GPN-2002-000078.jpg/440px-Cosmonaut_Polyakov_Watches_Discovery%27s_Rendezvous_With_Mir_-_GPN-2002-000078.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4116" data-file-height="4176" /></a><figcaption>Cosmonaut Valeriy V. Polyakov observes the rendezvous procedures from the <a href="/wiki/Mir_Core_Module" title="Mir Core Module">Mir Core Module</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>"We are one. We are human," Viktorenko responded. Wetherbee then backed the orbiter away to 122 metres (400 ft) and performed a one and a quarter-loop flyaround of <i>Mir</i> while the station was filmed and photographed. The <i>Mir</i> crew reported no vibrations or solar array movement as result of the approach. </p><p>The crew also worked extensively with payloads aboard <i>Discovery</i>. Flying in the forward payload bay and activated on flight day one was SPACEHAB-3. The commercially developed module was making its third flight on the Shuttle and carried 20 experiments: 11 biotechnology experiments, three advanced materials development experiments, four technology demonstrations and two pieces of supporting hardware measuring on-orbit accelerations. Improvements had been made to the SPACEHAB system to reduce demand on crew time. A new video switch had been added to lessen the need for astronaut involvement in video operations, and an experiment interface had been added to the telemetry system to allow the experiment investigator to link directly via computer with the onboard experiment to receive data and monitor status. Charlotte, an experimental robotic device being flown for the first time, also reduced crew workload by taking over simple tasks such as changing experiment samples. </p><p>Among the plant growth experiments was Astroculture, flying for the fourth time on the Shuttle. The objective of Astroculture was to validate performance of plant growth technologies in the microgravity environment of space for application to a life support system in space. The investigation had applications on Earth, since it covered such topics as energy-efficient lighting and removal of pollutants from indoor air. One of the pharmaceutical experiments, Immune, also had Earth applications. Exploiting a known tendency of spaceflight to weaken the immune system, the Immune experiment tested the ability of a particular substance to prevent or reduce this weakening. Clinical applications could include treatment of individuals suffering from such immunosuppressant diseases as <a href="/wiki/Acquired_immunodeficiency_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome">acquired immunodeficiency syndrome</a>. </p><p>On flight day two, the crew deployed the Orbital Debris Radar Calibration System-II (ODERACS-II) to help characterize the orbital debris environment for objects smaller than 10 centimeters (about four inches) in diameter. A complement of six target objects of known dimensions and with limited orbital lifespans was released into orbit and tracked by ground-based radars, allowing precise calibration of radars so they can more accurately track smaller pieces of space debris in low Earth orbit. </p><p>Also on flight day two, the crew lifted with the orbiter <a href="/wiki/Canadarm" title="Canadarm">remote manipulator system arm</a> SPARTAN-204 from its support structure in payload bay. SPARTAN remained suspended on the arm for observation of orbiter glow phenomenon and thruster jet firings. SPARTAN-204 was later released from the arm to complete about 40 hours of free-flight, during which time its Far Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph instrument studied celestial targets in the interstellar medium, the gas and dust which fills the space between the stars and which is the material from which new stars and planets are formed. </p><p>SPARTAN-204 was also used for extravehicular activity (EVA) near end of the flight. Foale and Harris began their EVA suspended at the end of the robot arm, away from the payload bay, to test modifications to their spacesuits to keep spacewalkers warmer in the extreme cold of space. The two astronauts were then scheduled to practice handling the approximately 2,500 pound (1,100 kilograms (2,400 lb)) SPARTAN to rehearse space station assembly techniques, but both astronauts reported they were becoming very cold—this portion of the spacewalk being performed during a night pass—and mass handling was curtailed. This 29th Shuttle spacewalk, the first for both a UK-born astronaut and an African-American astronaut, lasted 4 hours, 38 minutes. </p><p>Other payloads: Along with ODERACS-II, the Cryo System Experiment (CSE) and Shuttle Glow (GLO-2) payloads were mounted on the Hitchhiker support assembly in cargo bay; an IMAX camera was also located here. In middeck, the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE) flew for the eighth time. The Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) test required no onboard hardware. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Coca-Cola_dispenser,_Atlanta,_Georgia_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Space_Shuttle_Coca-Cola_dispenser%2C_Atlanta%2C_Georgia_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Space_Shuttle_Coca-Cola_dispenser%2C_Atlanta%2C_Georgia_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Space_Shuttle_Coca-Cola_dispenser%2C_Atlanta%2C_Georgia_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Space_Shuttle_Coca-Cola_dispenser%2C_Atlanta%2C_Georgia_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Space_Shuttle_Coca-Cola_dispenser%2C_Atlanta%2C_Georgia_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Space_Shuttle_Coca-Cola_dispenser%2C_Atlanta%2C_Georgia_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3050" data-file-height="4352" /></a><figcaption>STS-63 carried a Coke dispenser in space on SPACEHAB-3</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coca-Cola_in_Space">Coca-Cola in Space</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-63&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coca-Cola in Space"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BioServe Space Technologies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, developed the Fluids Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus-1 (FGBA-1) in cooperation with Coca-Cola and several other groups. It dispensed pre-mixed soda for astronauts' consumption and studied their changed taste perceptions. Astronauts rated control samples before and after flight.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FGBA-2 flew on <a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_insignia">Mission insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-63&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mission insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The six rays of the Sun and the three stars on the right of the insignia symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-63&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" 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href="/w/index.php?title=STS-63&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-63.htm">"STS-63"</a>. Spacefacts<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-63&rft.pub=Spacefacts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacefacts.de%2Fmission%2Fenglish%2Fsts-63.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-63" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFricke1995" class="citation report cs1">Fricke, Robert W. (June 1, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19960001496/downloads/19960001496.pdf">STS-63 Space Shuttle report</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=STS-63+Space+Shuttle+report&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft.aulast=Fricke&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Fapi%2Fcitations%2F19960001496%2Fdownloads%2F19960001496.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-63" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="PressKit" class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:STS-63_Press_Kit.pdf">"STS-63 Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Titusville, FL: NASA. February 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-63+Press+Kit&rft.place=Titusville%2C+FL&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1995-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ASTS-63_Press_Kit.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-63" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-63&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-63/mission-sts-63.html">NASA mission summary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090320085830/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-63/mission-sts-63.html">Archived</a> March 20, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle67.htm">STS-63 Video Highlights</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102140254/http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle67.htm">Archived</a> January 2, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shuttle-Mir_Patch.svg/100px-Shuttle-Mir_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shuttle-Mir_Patch.svg/150px-Shuttle-Mir_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shuttle-Mir_Patch.svg/200px-Shuttle-Mir_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="910" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-60" title="STS-60">STS-60</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-21" title="Soyuz TM-21">Soyuz TM-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-71" title="STS-71">STS-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-74" title="STS-74">STS-74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-76" title="STS-76">STS-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-79" title="STS-79">STS-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-81" title="STS-81">STS-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-84" title="STS-84">STS-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-86" title="STS-86">STS-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-89" title="STS-89">STS-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-91" title="STS-91">STS-91</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program#Increments" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Increments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thagard" title="Norman Thagard">Thagard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Blaha" title="John E. Blaha">Blaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_M._Linenger" title="Jerry M. Linenger">Linenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foale" title="Michael Foale">Foale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wolf_(astronaut)" title="David Wolf (astronaut)">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Thomas" title="Andy Thomas">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_Shuttle_Discovery_(OV-103)104" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Template:Space Shuttle Discovery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Template talk:Space Shuttle Discovery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space Shuttle Discovery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_Shuttle_Discovery_(OV-103)104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Space Shuttle <i>Discovery</i></a> (OV-103)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Completed flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-A" title="STS-51-A">STS-51-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-C" title="STS-51-C">STS-51-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-D" title="STS-51-D">STS-51-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-G" title="STS-51-G">STS-51-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I">STS-51-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-26" title="STS-26">STS-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-29" title="STS-29">STS-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-33" title="STS-33">STS-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-31" title="STS-31">STS-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41" title="STS-41">STS-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-39" title="STS-39">STS-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-48" title="STS-48">STS-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-42" title="STS-42">STS-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-53" title="STS-53">STS-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-56" title="STS-56">STS-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51" title="STS-51">STS-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-60" title="STS-60">STS-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-64" title="STS-64">STS-64</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-70" title="STS-70">STS-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-82" title="STS-82">STS-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-85" title="STS-85">STS-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-91" title="STS-91">STS-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-95" title="STS-95">STS-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-96" title="STS-96">STS-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-103" title="STS-103">STS-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-92" title="STS-92">STS-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-102" title="STS-102">STS-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-105" title="STS-105">STS-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-114" title="STS-114">STS-114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-121" title="STS-121">STS-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-116" title="STS-116">STS-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-120" title="STS-120">STS-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-124" title="STS-124">STS-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-119" title="STS-119">STS-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-128" title="STS-128">STS-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-131" title="STS-131">STS-131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-133" title="STS-133">STS-133</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3336" data-file-height="2507" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Retired</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Destiny_in_Space" title="Destiny in Space">Destiny in Space</a></i> (1994 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_spaceflights_to_Mir100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crewed_Mir_flights" title="Template:Crewed Mir flights"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crewed_Mir_flights" title="Template talk:Crewed Mir flights"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crewed_Mir_flights" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crewed Mir flights"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_spaceflights_to_Mir100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_spaceflights_to_Mir" title="List of human spaceflights to Mir">Human spaceflights</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-15" title="Soyuz T-15">Soyuz T-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-2" title="Soyuz TM-2">Soyuz TM-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-3" title="Soyuz TM-3">Soyuz TM-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-4" title="Soyuz TM-4">Soyuz TM-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-5" title="Soyuz TM-5">Soyuz TM-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-6" title="Soyuz TM-6">Soyuz TM-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-7" title="Soyuz TM-7">Soyuz TM-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-8" title="Soyuz TM-8">Soyuz TM-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-9" title="Soyuz TM-9">Soyuz TM-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-10" title="Soyuz TM-10">Soyuz TM-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-11" title="Soyuz TM-11">Soyuz TM-11</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mir insignia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Mir_insignia.svg/100px-Mir_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Mir_insignia.svg/150px-Mir_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Mir_insignia.svg/200px-Mir_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="305" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-12" title="Soyuz TM-12">Soyuz TM-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-13" title="Soyuz TM-13">Soyuz TM-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-14" title="Soyuz TM-14">Soyuz TM-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-15" title="Soyuz TM-15">Soyuz TM-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-16" title="Soyuz TM-16">Soyuz TM-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-17" title="Soyuz TM-17">Soyuz TM-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-18" title="Soyuz TM-18">Soyuz TM-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-19" title="Soyuz TM-19">Soyuz TM-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-20" title="Soyuz TM-20">Soyuz TM-20</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-21" title="Soyuz TM-21">Soyuz TM-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-71" title="STS-71">STS-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-22" title="Soyuz TM-22">Soyuz TM-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-74" title="STS-74">STS-74</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-23" title="Soyuz TM-23">Soyuz TM-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-76" title="STS-76">STS-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-24" title="Soyuz TM-24">Soyuz TM-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-79" title="STS-79">STS-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-81" title="STS-81">STS-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-25" title="Soyuz TM-25">Soyuz TM-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-84" title="STS-84">STS-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-26" title="Soyuz TM-26">Soyuz TM-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-86" title="STS-86">STS-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-89" title="STS-89">STS-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-27" title="Soyuz TM-27">Soyuz TM-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-91" title="STS-91">STS-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-28" title="Soyuz TM-28">Soyuz TM-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-29" title="Soyuz TM-29">Soyuz TM-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-30" title="Soyuz TM-30">Soyuz TM-30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._Space_Shuttle_missions238" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Template:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Template talk:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._Space_Shuttle_missions238" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">U.S. Space Shuttle missions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Completed<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">(crews)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1977 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approach_and_Landing_Tests" title="Approach and Landing Tests">Approach and Landing Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-1" title="STS-1">STS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-2" title="STS-2">STS-2</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-3" title="STS-3">STS-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-4" title="STS-4">STS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-5" title="STS-5">STS-5</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-6" title="STS-6">STS-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-7" title="STS-7">STS-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-8" title="STS-8">STS-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-9" title="STS-9">STS-9</a></li></ul></li> <li>1984 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-B" title="STS-41-B">STS-41-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-C" title="STS-41-C">STS-41-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-A" title="STS-51-A">STS-51-A</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-C" title="STS-51-C">STS-51-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-D" title="STS-51-D">STS-51-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-B" title="STS-51-B">STS-51-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-G" title="STS-51-G">STS-51-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-F" title="STS-51-F">STS-51-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I">STS-51-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-J" title="STS-51-J">STS-51-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-A" title="STS-61-A">STS-61-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-B" title="STS-61-B">STS-61-B</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-C" title="STS-61-C">STS-61-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>1988 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-26" title="STS-26">STS-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-27" title="STS-27">STS-27</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-29" title="STS-29">STS-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-30" title="STS-30">STS-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-28" title="STS-28">STS-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-34" title="STS-34">STS-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-33" title="STS-33">STS-33</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-32" title="STS-32">STS-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-36" title="STS-36">STS-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-31" title="STS-31">STS-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41" title="STS-41">STS-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-38" title="STS-38">STS-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-35" title="STS-35">STS-35</a></li></ul></li> <li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-37" title="STS-37">STS-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-39" title="STS-39">STS-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-40" title="STS-40">STS-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-43" title="STS-43">STS-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-48" title="STS-48">STS-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-44" title="STS-44">STS-44</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-42" title="STS-42">STS-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-45" title="STS-45">STS-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-50" title="STS-50">STS-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-46" title="STS-46">STS-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-52" title="STS-52">STS-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-53" title="STS-53">STS-53</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-54" title="STS-54">STS-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-56" title="STS-56">STS-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-55" title="STS-55">STS-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-57" title="STS-57">STS-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51" title="STS-51">STS-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-58" title="STS-58">STS-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61" title="STS-61">STS-61</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-60" title="STS-60">STS-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-62" title="STS-62">STS-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-59" title="STS-59">STS-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-65" title="STS-65">STS-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-64" title="STS-64">STS-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-68" title="STS-68">STS-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-66" title="STS-66">STS-66</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">STS-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-71" title="STS-71">STS-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-70" title="STS-70">STS-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-69" title="STS-69">STS-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-73" title="STS-73">STS-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-74" title="STS-74">STS-74</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-72" title="STS-72">STS-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75">STS-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-76" title="STS-76">STS-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-78" title="STS-78">STS-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-79" title="STS-79">STS-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-80" title="STS-80">STS-80</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-81" title="STS-81">STS-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-82" title="STS-82">STS-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-83" title="STS-83">STS-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-84" title="STS-84">STS-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-94" title="STS-94">STS-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-85" title="STS-85">STS-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-86" title="STS-86">STS-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-87" title="STS-87">STS-87</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-89" title="STS-89">STS-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-90" title="STS-90">STS-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-91" title="STS-91">STS-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-95" title="STS-95">STS-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-88" title="STS-88">STS-88</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-96" title="STS-96">STS-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-93" title="STS-93">STS-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-103" title="STS-103">STS-103</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-99" title="STS-99">STS-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-101" title="STS-101">STS-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-106" title="STS-106">STS-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-92" title="STS-92">STS-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a></li></ul></li> <li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-98" title="STS-98">STS-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-102" title="STS-102">STS-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-100" title="STS-100">STS-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-104" title="STS-104">STS-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-105" title="STS-105">STS-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-108" title="STS-108">STS-108</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-109" title="STS-109">STS-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-110" title="STS-110">STS-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-111" title="STS-111">STS-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-112" title="STS-112">STS-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-113" title="STS-113">STS-113</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-114" title="STS-114">STS-114</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-121" title="STS-121">STS-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-115" title="STS-115">STS-115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-116" title="STS-116">STS-116</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-117" title="STS-117">STS-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-120" title="STS-120">STS-120</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-122" title="STS-122">STS-122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-124" title="STS-124">STS-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-126" title="STS-126">STS-126</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-119" title="STS-119">STS-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-125" title="STS-125">STS-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-127" title="STS-127">STS-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-128" title="STS-128">STS-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-129" title="STS-129">STS-129</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-130" title="STS-130">STS-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-131" title="STS-131">STS-131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-132" title="STS-132">STS-132</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-133" title="STS-133">STS-133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-134" title="STS-134">STS-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-135" title="STS-135">STS-135</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">Cancelled</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">STS-41-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-E" title="STS-61-E">STS-61-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-F" title="STS-61-F">STS-61-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-G" title="STS-61-G">STS-61-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-H" title="STS-61-H">STS-61-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-62-A" title="STS-62-A">STS-62-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-M" title="STS-61-M">STS-61-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-J" title="STS-61-J">STS-61-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">STS-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-3xx" title="STS-3xx">STS-3xx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-400" title="STS-400">STS-400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis">Atlantis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Challenger</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">report</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Columbia</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster">disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour">Endeavour</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise">Enterprise</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup> indicates failure missions.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1994Orbital_launches_in_19951996_→618" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1995" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1995"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1995" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1995"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1995" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1995"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1994Orbital_launches_in_19951996_→618" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1994_in_spaceflight" title="1994 in spaceflight">← 1994</a></div><a href="/wiki/1995_in_spaceflight" title="1995 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1995</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1996_in_spaceflight" title="1996 in spaceflight">1996 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_704" title="Intelsat 704">Intelsat 704</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Express_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Express 1 (page does not exist)">Express 1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsikada_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsikada 1 (page does not exist)">Tsikada 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faisat_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faisat 1 (page does not exist)">Faisat 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrid_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrid 1 (page does not exist)">Astrid 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apstar_2" title="Apstar 2">Apstar 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-108&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-108 (page does not exist)">USA-108</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-63</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=SPARTAN-204&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPARTAN-204 (page does not exist)">SPARTAN-204</a>, <a href="/wiki/ODERACS_2A" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2A">ODERACS 2A</a>, <a href="/wiki/ODERACS_2B" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2B">ODERACS 2B</a>, <a href="/wiki/ODERACS_2C" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2C">ODERACS 2C</a>, <a href="/wiki/ODERACS_2D" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2D">ODERACS 2D</a>, <a href="/wiki/ODERACS_2E" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2E">ODERACS 2E</a>, <a href="/wiki/ODERACS_2F" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2F">ODERACS 2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-26" title="Progress M-26">Progress M-26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foton_No.10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foton No.10 (page does not exist)">Foton #10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">STS-67</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2306&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2306 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2306</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2307&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2307 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2307</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2308&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2308 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2308</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2309&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2309 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2309</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-21" title="Soyuz TM-21">Soyuz TM-21</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit">SFU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himawari_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Himawari 5">Himawari 5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2310&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2310 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_705" title="Intelsat 705">Intelsat 705</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2311&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2311 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2311</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-109&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-109 (page does not exist)">USA-109</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurwin_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurwin 1 (page does not exist)">Gurwin 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=EKA-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EKA-2 (page does not exist)">EKA-2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=UNAMSAT-A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNAMSAT-A (page does not exist)">UNAMSAT-A</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasilsat_B2" title="Brasilsat B2">Brasilsat B2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hot_Bird_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Bird 1">Hot Bird 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbcomm_FM1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbcomm FM1 (page does not exist)">Orbcomm FM1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbcomm_FM2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbcomm FM2 (page does not exist)">Orbcomm FM2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OrbView-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OrbView-1 (page does not exist)">OrbView-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofek-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofek-3">Ofek-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMSC-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMSC-1 (page does not exist)">AMSC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-27" title="Progress M-27">Progress M-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite" title="European Remote-Sensing Satellite">ERS-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-110 (page does not exist)">USA-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_706" title="Intelsat 706">Intelsat 706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr" title="Spektr">Spektr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_9" title="GOES 9">GOES 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2312" title="Kosmos 2312">Kosmos 2312</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-111&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-111 (page does not exist)">USA-111</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2313&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2313 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2313</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DirecTV-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DirecTV-3 (page does not exist)">DirecTV-3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=STEP-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STEP-3 (page does not exist)">STEP-3</a></i></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-71" title="STS-71">STS-71</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2314&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2314 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2314</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2315&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2315 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2315</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helios_1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helios 1A (page does not exist)">Helios 1A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerise_(satellite)" title="Cerise (satellite)">Cerise</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=UPMSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UPMSat (page does not exist)">UPMSat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-112&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-112 (page does not exist)">USA-112</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-70" title="STS-70">STS-70</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/TDRS-7" title="TDRS-7">TDRS-7</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-28" title="Progress M-28">Progress M-28</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2316&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2316 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2316</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2317&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2317 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2317</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2318&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2318 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2318</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-113&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-113 (page does not exist)">USA-113</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interbol_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interbol 1 (page does not exist)">Interbol 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigon_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigon 4 (page does not exist)">Maigon 4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelsat_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelsat 4 (page does not exist)">PAS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe*Star_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe*Star B">Koreasat 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya_3-59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya 3-59 (page does not exist)">Molniya 3-59</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=GEMStar_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GEMStar 1 (page does not exist)">GEMStar 1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCSAT-3" title="JCSAT-3">JCSAT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_a" title="N-STAR a">N-STAR a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2319&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2319 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2319</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sich-1" title="Sich-1">Sich-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FASat-Alfa" title="FASat-Alfa">FASat-Alfa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-22" title="Soyuz TM-22">Soyuz TM-22</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-69" title="STS-69">STS-69</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=SPARTAN-201&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPARTAN-201 (page does not exist)">SPARTAN-201</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wake_Shield_Facility" title="Wake Shield Facility">WSF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstar_4" title="Telstar 4">Telstar 402R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurs-F2_No.10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resurs-F2 No.10 (page does not exist)">Resurs-F2 #10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2320&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2320 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2320</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2321&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2321 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2321</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-29" title="Progress M-29">Progress M-29</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luch-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luch-1 (page does not exist)">Luch-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_1E" title="Astra 1E">Astra 1E</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-73" title="STS-73">STS-73</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-114&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-114 (page does not exist)">USA-114</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=METEOR_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="METEOR (spacecraft) (page does not exist)">METEOR</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2322&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2322 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2322</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radarsat-1" title="Radarsat-1">Radarsat-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SURFSAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SURFSAT (page does not exist)">SURFSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-115" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-115">USA-115</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-74" title="STS-74">STS-74</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Mir_Docking_Module" title="Mir Docking Module">SO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gals_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gals 2 (page does not exist)">Gals 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsiaSat_2" title="AsiaSat 2">AsiaSat 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-116 (page does not exist)">USA-116</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A9l%C3%A9com_2C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Télécom 2C (page does not exist)">Télécom 2C</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSAT-2C" title="INSAT-2C">INSAT-2C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2323 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2323</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2324&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2324 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2324</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2325&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2325 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2325</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anik_E2R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anik E2R (page does not exist)">Galaxy 3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-30" title="Progress M-30">Progress M-30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2326&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2326 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRS-1C" title="IRS-1C">IRS-1C</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skipper_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skipper (satellite) (page does not exist)">Skipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_I" title="EchoStar I">EchoStar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">RXTE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-63&oldid=1277315686">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-63&oldid=1277315686</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Category:Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1995" title="Category:Spacecraft launched in 1995">Spacecraft launched in 1995</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_May_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from May 2023">Use mdy dates from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_May_2008" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from May 2008">Articles lacking in-text citations from May 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_NASA" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2014" title="Category:Use American English from January 2014">Use American English from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 February 2025, at 23:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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