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Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1831</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 176 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1831 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1831 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1831 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1831 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B3%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۳۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۳۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A7" title="১৮৩১ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৩১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_n%C3%AE" title="1831 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1831 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1831 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1831 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831." title="1831. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1831." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1831 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1831 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B3%DB%B1" title="۱۸۳۱ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۳۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831%E5%B9%B4" title="1831年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1831年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831%EB%85%84" title="1831년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1831년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१८३१ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८३१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831." title="1831. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1831." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ১৮৩১ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৩১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1831-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1831-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%A9%E0%B3%A7" title="೧೮೩೧ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೩೧" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1831 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1831 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1831 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1831 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1831-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1831-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1831 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1831 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%D0%B8" title="1831 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1831 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831._gads" title="1831. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1831. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1831 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1831 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_m." title="1831 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1831 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831moi" title="1831moi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1831moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१८३१ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८३१" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. १८३१ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८३१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B3%DB%B1" title="۱۸۳۱ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۳۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1831 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1831 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%83%E1%81%81" title="၁၈၃၁ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၃၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="ई सं १८३१ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८३१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831%E5%B9%B4" title="1831年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1831年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1831 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1831 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%A9%E0%AD%A7" title="୧୮୩୧ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୩୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१८३१ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८३१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1831" title="Joohr 1831 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1831" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1831 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1831 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१८३१ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८३१" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831%D8%B9" title="1831ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1831ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A3%D9%A1" title="١٨٣١ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٣١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831." title="1831. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1831." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1831 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1831 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2374" title="พ.ศ. 2374 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2374" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1831" title="Соли 1831 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1831" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831%D8%A1" title="1831ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1831ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_nienz" title="1831 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1831 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831%E5%B9%B4" title="1831年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1831年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831%E5%B9%B4" title="1831年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1831年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831" title="1831 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1831" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221831%22">"1831"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221831%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221831%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221831%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221831%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221831%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1810s" title="1810s">1810s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820s" title="1820s">1820s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1828" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1828">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1829" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1829">1829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1830" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1830">1830</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1831" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1831">1831</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1832" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1832">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1833" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1833">1833</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1834" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1834">1834</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nat_Turner_woodcut.jpg/250px-Nat_Turner_woodcut.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nat_Turner_woodcut.jpg/375px-Nat_Turner_woodcut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nat_Turner_woodcut.jpg/500px-Nat_Turner_woodcut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner" title="Nat Turner">Nat Turner</a> leads two-month rebellion of slaves in the U.S. state of Virginia.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prestation_de_serment_du_roi_L%C3%A9opold_Ier.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Prestation_de_serment_du_roi_L%C3%A9opold_Ier.JPG/250px-Prestation_de_serment_du_roi_L%C3%A9opold_Ier.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Prestation_de_serment_du_roi_L%C3%A9opold_Ier.JPG/375px-Prestation_de_serment_du_roi_L%C3%A9opold_Ier.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Prestation_de_serment_du_roi_L%C3%A9opold_Ier.JPG/500px-Prestation_de_serment_du_roi_L%C3%A9opold_Ier.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a>: <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">King Leopold I</a> takes constitutional oath rather than holding a coronation to become the first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Belgium">King of Belgium</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1831" title="Category:1831">1831 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_archaeology" title="1831 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_architecture" title="1831 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_art" title="1831 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_literature" title="1831 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_poetry" title="1831 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_music" title="1831 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_Australia" title="1831 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_Belgium" title="1831 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_Brazil" title="1831 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_Canada" title="1831 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_Denmark" title="1831 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_France" title="1831 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_Germany" title="1831 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_Mexico" title="1831 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_New_Zealand" title="1831 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_Norway" title="1831 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_Russia" title="1831 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_South_Africa" title="1831 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_Sweden" title="1831 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1831 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_the_United_States" title="1831 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_rail_transport" title="1831 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_science" title="1831 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_in_sports" title="1831 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1831" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1831">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1831_in_law" title="Category:1831 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1831_births" title="Category:1831 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1831_deaths" title="Category:1831 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1831_establishments" title="Category:1831 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1831_disestablishments" title="Category:1831 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1831_works" title="Category:1831 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1831 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1831<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCXXXI</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2584</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1280<br />ԹՎ ՌՄՁ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6581</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1752–1753</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1237–1238</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2781</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>1 <a href="/wiki/William_IV" title="William IV">Will. 4</a> – 2 <a href="/wiki/William_IV" title="William IV">Will. 4</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2375</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1193</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7339–7340</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">庚寅</a>年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br />4528 or 4321<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />辛卯年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>)<br />4529 or 4322</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1547–1548</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2997</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1823–1824</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5591–5592</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1887–1888</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1752–1753</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4931–4932</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11831</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>831–832</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1209–1210</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1246–1247</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tenp%C5%8D" title="Tenpō">Tenpō</a> 2<br />(天保２年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1758–1759</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4164</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>81 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前81年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>363</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2373–2374</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳金虎年<br />(male Iron-<a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br />1957 or 1576 or 804<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴金兔年<br />(female Iron-<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>)<br />1958 or 1577 or 805</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1831" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1831">1831</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1831</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCXXXI</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Common year starting on Saturday">common year starting on Saturday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Thursday" title="Common year starting on Thursday">common year starting on Thursday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1831st year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 831st year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 31st year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 2nd year of the <a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a> decade. As of the start of 1831, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a> begins <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">publishing</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Liberator_(anti-slavery_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Liberator (anti-slavery newspaper)">The Liberator</a></i>, an anti-<a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takashimaya" title="Takashimaya">Takashimaya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> established.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a>–March – Revolts in <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> are put down by <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Troops">troops</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XVI" title="Pope Gregory XVI">Pope Gregory XVI</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VIII" title="Pope Pius VIII">Pope Pius VIII</a>, as the 254th pope.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – Dutch naval lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Speyk" title="Jan van Speyk">Jan van Speyk</a> blows up his own gunboat in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> rather than strike his colours on the demand of supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – The Belgian <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belgium" title="Constitution of Belgium">Constitution of 1831</a> is approved by the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Belgium" title="National Congress of Belgium">National Congress</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – French-born botanical explorer <a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Bonpland" title="Aimé Bonpland">Aimé Bonpland</a> leaves <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> for <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debre_Abbay" title="Battle of Debre Abbay">Battle of Debre Abbay</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_aristocratic_and_court_titles" title="Ethiopian aristocratic and court titles">Ras</a> <a href="/wiki/Marye_of_Yejju" title="Marye of Yejju">Marye of Yejju</a> marches into <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Province" title="Tigray Province">Tigray</a>, and defeats and kills the warlord <a href="/wiki/Sabagadis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabagadis">Sabagadis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Olszynka_Grochowska" title="Battle of Olszynka Grochowska">Battle of Olszynka Grochowska (Grochów)</a>: Polish rebel forces divide a Russian army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">French Foreign Legion</a> is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>'s historical romantic Gothic novel <i>Notre-Dame de Paris</i>, known in English as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">The Hunchback of Notre-Dame</a></i>, is published in Paris.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_uprising_(1831%E2%80%9332)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian uprising (1831–32)">Bosnian uprising (1831–32)</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> begins.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I</a> abdicates as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of Brazil">Emperor of Brazil</a> in favor of his 5-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II</a>, who will reign for almost 59 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama" title="University of Alabama">University of Alabama</a> is founded.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i> newspaper is first published, as the <i>Sydney Herald</i>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert</a> becomes king of Sardinia after the death of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_Felix_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Felix of Sardinia">Charles Felix</a>.</li> <li>Ending of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ashanti_wars#First_Anglo-Ashanti_War,_1823–1831" title="Anglo-Ashanti wars">First Anglo-Ashanti War (1823–1831)</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka_(1831)" title="Battle of Ostrołęka (1831)">Battle of Ostrołęka</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> fight another indecisive battle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – Auxiliary <a href="/wiki/Paddle_steamer" title="Paddle steamer">paddle steamer</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Jane" title="Sophia Jane">Sophia Jane</a></i> arrives at <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> from London, becoming the first <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> to operate in the coastal waters of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a>–June – <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Rising" title="Merthyr Rising">Merthyr Rising</a>: Coal miners and others riot in <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil" title="Merthyr Tydfil">Merthyr Tydfil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, for improved working conditions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – British Royal Navy officer <a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">James Clark Ross</a> locates the position of the <a href="/wiki/North_Magnetic_Pole" class="mw-redirect" title="North Magnetic Pole">North Magnetic Pole</a>, at this time on the <a href="/wiki/Boothia_Peninsula" title="Boothia Peninsula">Boothia Peninsula</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_State_House" title="North Carolina State House">North Carolina State House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Canova" title="Antonio Canova">Canova</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Canova)" title="George Washington (Canova)">George Washington</a></i> are destroyed by fire in <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian imperial</a> officials in <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> adopt <i><a href="/wiki/Regulamentul_Organic" title="Regulamentul Organic">Regulamentul Organic</a></i>, introducing a period of unprecedented reforms that provide for Westernization of this region of Romania.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – The volcanic <a href="/wiki/Graham_Island_(Mediterranean_Sea)" title="Graham Island (Mediterranean Sea)">Graham Island</a> briefly emerges in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha</a> is inaugurated as the first King of the <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgians</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">Dutch</a> <a href="/wiki/Ten_Days%27_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Days' Campaign">Ten Days' Campaign</a> against Belgium is halted by a <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">French</a> army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – American <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> minister <a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(preacher)" title="William Miller (preacher)">William Miller</a> preaches his first sermon on the Second Advent of Christ in Dresden, New York, launching the Advent Movement in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Nat Turner's slave rebellion</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Southampton_County,_Virginia" title="Southampton County, Virginia">Southampton County, Virginia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> demonstrates <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction" title="Electromagnetic induction">electromagnetic induction</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> of London.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a> recognises it at about the same time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a>– <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1831)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1831)">Battle of Warsaw</a>: The Army of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> takes the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Polish capital</a> after a two-day battle to crush the Polish uprising.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – Coronation of King <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">William IV of the United Kingdom</a> (he will reign until <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a> passes the <a href="/wiki/Great_Reform_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Reform Bill">Great Reform Bill</a> to expand the franchise, but this is later defeated in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a>– The first national <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">presidential</a> nominating convention in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> concludes after three days as the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a> selects its nominee for President in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Ioannis Kapodistrias</a>, Greek head of <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">state</a> and founder of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a>, is assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Nafplion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nafplion">Nafplion</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a> ends in the defeat of Polish forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> constructs an early form of <a href="/wiki/Dynamo" title="Dynamo">dynamo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1831_Bristol_riots" title="1831 Bristol riots">1831 Bristol riots</a> ("Queen Square riots") in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> (England) begin, in connection with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Reform_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Reform Bill">Great Reform Bill</a> controversy. Quelled by the authorities and the military on October 31, 100 city centre properties are destroyed, at least 120 are estimated to have been killed, 31 of the rioters will be sentenced to death and a colonel facing court-martial for failure to control the riot commits suicide.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – In Southampton County, Virginia, escaped slave <a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner" title="Nat Turner">Nat Turner</a> is captured and arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – Slave trading is forbidden in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_School,_Parramatta" title="The King's School, Parramatta">The Kings School (Parramatta)</a> was approved to be established.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> are separated from <a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Canut_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="First Canut Revolt">First Canut Revolt</a>: After a bloody battle with the military causing 600 deaths, rebellious silk workers seize <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – Global <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">financial services</a> business <a href="/wiki/Assicurazioni_Generali" title="Assicurazioni Generali">Assicurazioni Generali</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> (at this time in the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>) as <i>Imperial Regia Privilegiata Compagnia di Assicurazioni Generali Austro-Italiche</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Baptist_War" title="Baptist War">Baptist War</a> (Christmas Rebellion) begins in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, with the setting afire of the Kensington House in <a href="/wiki/Saint_James_Parish,_Jamaica" title="Saint James Parish, Jamaica">St James Parish</a>, inspiring thousands of black slaves to revolt against their British masters. At its peak, more than 20,000 people will be involved, and more than 500 killed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> embarks from <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Second_voyage_of_HMS_Beagle" title="Second voyage of HMS Beagle">second voyage of HMS <i>Beagle</i></a> which will be the foundation for his life of scientific study.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy Park</a> is deeded to New York City.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1831%E2%80%931833)" title="Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)">Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali of Egypt</a>'s French-trained forces occupy <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a>.</li> <li>Scholar <a href="/wiki/Rifa%27a_at-Tahtawi" title="Rifa'a at-Tahtawi">Rifa'a at-Tahtawi</a> returns from study in Paris to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, where he will participate in the <a href="/wiki/Nahda" title="Nahda">Nahda</a>.</li> <li>Founding of educational establishments: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denison_University" title="Denison University">Denison University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Granville,_Ohio" title="Granville, Ohio">Granville, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> in New York City</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University" title="Wesleyan University">Wesleyan University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Connecticut" title="Middletown, Connecticut">Middletown, Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_University" title="Xavier University">Xavier University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> (as "The Athenaeum")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallinska_skolan" title="Wallinska skolan">Wallinska skolan</a>, the first secondary school for girls in the Swedish capital of Stockholm.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myra_Bradwell_1870.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Myra_Bradwell_1870.png/110px-Myra_Bradwell_1870.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Myra_Bradwell_1870.png/165px-Myra_Bradwell_1870.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Myra_Bradwell_1870.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Clerk_Maxwell.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/James_Clerk_Maxwell.png/110px-James_Clerk_Maxwell.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/James_Clerk_Maxwell.png/165px-James_Clerk_Maxwell.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/James_Clerk_Maxwell.png/220px-James_Clerk_Maxwell.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule" title="Savitribai Phule">Savitribai Jyotirao Phule</a>, Indian social reformer, poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Stephan" title="Heinrich von Stephan">Heinrich von Stephan</a>, German postal union organizer (d. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Cyril_V_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cyril V of Alexandria">Pope Cyril V of Alexandria</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Anton_de_Bary" title="Heinrich Anton de Bary">Heinrich Anton de Bary</a>, German botanist, mycologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a>, American lawyer, political activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leo_von_Caprivi" title="Leo von Caprivi">Leo von Caprivi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(German_Reich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)">Chancellor of Germany</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gioacchino_La_Lomia" title="Gioacchino La Lomia">Gioacchino La Lomia</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest and venerable (d. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pullman" title="George Pullman">George Pullman</a>, American inventor and industrialist (d. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a>, American general (d. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clement_Studebaker" title="Clement Studebaker">Clement Studebaker</a>, American automobile pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li>March 15 – <a href="/wiki/Mariano_%C3%81lvarez" title="Mariano Álvarez">Mariano Álvarez</a>, Filipino general (d. 1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elise_Hwasser" title="Elise Hwasser">Elise Hwasser</a>, Swedish actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_L%C3%B6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg" title="Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg">Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of Portugal">Queen consort of Portugal</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nire_Kagenori" title="Nire Kagenori">Nire Kagenori</a>, Japanese admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_Booth" title="Mary Louise Booth">Mary Louise Booth</a>, American writer, editor and translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Norman_Shaw" title="Richard Norman Shaw">Richard Norman Shaw</a>, British architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">John Bell Hood</a>, American Confederate general (d. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Gerard_Palm" title="Jan Gerard Palm">Jan Gerard Palm</a>, Curaçao-born composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Edwards" title="Amelia Edwards">Amelia Edwards</a>, English journalist and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>, Scottish physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joachim" title="Joseph Joachim">Joseph Joachim</a>, Austrian violinist (d. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Pemberton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/John_Pemberton.jpg/110px-John_Pemberton.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/John_Pemberton.jpg/165px-John_Pemberton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/John_Pemberton.jpg/220px-John_Pemberton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Pemberton" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pemberton">John Pemberton</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%80%8A%E5%92%B8%E4%B8%B0%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%9D%E6%9C%8D%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%E3%80%8A%E5%92%B8%E4%B8%B0%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%9D%E6%9C%8D%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg/110px-%E3%80%8A%E5%92%B8%E4%B8%B0%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%9D%E6%9C%8D%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%E3%80%8A%E5%92%B8%E4%B8%B0%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%9D%E6%9C%8D%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg/165px-%E3%80%8A%E5%92%B8%E4%B8%B0%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%9D%E6%9C%8D%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%E3%80%8A%E5%92%B8%E4%B8%B0%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%9D%E6%9C%8D%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg/220px-%E3%80%8A%E5%92%B8%E4%B8%B0%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%9D%E6%9C%8D%E5%83%8F%E3%80%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="2530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Xianfeng_Emperor" title="Xianfeng Emperor">Xianfeng Emperor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Emperor_Komei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Emperor_Komei.jpg/120px-The_Emperor_Komei.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Emperor_Komei.jpg/250px-The_Emperor_Komei.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1882" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Kōmei">Emperor Kōmei</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucy_Webb_Hayes_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lucy_Webb_Hayes_I.jpg/110px-Lucy_Webb_Hayes_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lucy_Webb_Hayes_I.jpg/165px-Lucy_Webb_Hayes_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lucy_Webb_Hayes_I.jpg/220px-Lucy_Webb_Hayes_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Hayes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucy Hayes">Lucy Hayes</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Pemberton" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pemberton">John Pemberton</a>, American inventor of <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_His_Sr." title="Wilhelm His Sr.">Wilhelm His Sr.</a>, Swiss anatomist (d. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Xianfeng_Emperor" title="Xianfeng Emperor">Xianfeng Emperor</a> of China (d. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Kōmei">Emperor Kōmei</a> of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky">Helena Blavatsky</a>, Russian-born author, theosophist (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Cobb_Morley" title="Ebenezer Cobb Morley">Ebenezer Cobb Morley</a>, English sportsman and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_persons_considered_father_or_mother_of_a_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of persons considered father or mother of a field">father</a> of modern <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Suess" title="Eduard Suess">Eduard Suess</a>, Austrian geologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Webb_Hayes" title="Lucy Webb Hayes">Lucy Webb Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/States_Rights_Gist" title="States Rights Gist">States Rights Gist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States">Confederate</a> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Raabe" title="Wilhelm Raabe">Wilhelm Raabe</a>, German novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Marcus" title="Siegfried Marcus">Siegfried Marcus</a>, German-born automobile pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kate_Harrington_(poet)" title="Kate Harrington (poet)">Kate Harrington</a>, American teacher, writer and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Schofield" title="John Schofield">John Schofield</a>, American general (d. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dedekind" title="Richard Dedekind">Richard Dedekind</a>, German mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Waite_Johnson" title="Samuel Waite Johnson">Samuel W. Johnson</a>, English railway mechanical engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stanton_(abolitionist)" title="Lucy Stanton (abolitionist)">Lucy Stanton</a>, American abolitionist (d. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III, German Emperor</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Othniel_Charles_Marsh" title="Othniel Charles Marsh">Othniel Charles Marsh</a>, American paleontologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Mantegazza" title="Paolo Mantegazza">Paolo Mantegazza</a>, Italian neurologist, physiologist, anthropologist and fiction writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romualdo_Pacheco" title="Romualdo Pacheco">Romualdo Pacheco</a>, Governor of California (d. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Harry Atkinson</a>, 10th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of New Zealand">Premier of New Zealand</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Leonowens" title="Anna Leonowens">Anna Leonowens</a>, Anglo-Indian educator (Anna of <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I" title="The King and I">The King and I</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Calvat" title="Mélanie Calvat">Mélanie Calvat</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> nun, Marian Visionary, canonized (d. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a>, 20th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Am%C3%A9lia_of_Brazil" title="Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil">Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil</a>, daughter of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I of Brazil</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Campos" title="Arsenio Martínez Campos">Arsenio Martínez Campos</a>, Spanish general, revolutionary and prime minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernice_Pauahi_Bishop" title="Bernice Pauahi Bishop">Bernice Pauahi Bishop</a>, Hawaiian <a href="/wiki/Ali%CA%BBi" title="Aliʻi">aliʻi</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hawksworth_Barnes" title="Richard Hawksworth Barnes">Richard Hawksworth Barnes</a>, English coffee grower, naturalist and meteorologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_W._Davis" title="Jacob W. Davis">Jacob W. Davis</a>, (b. Jacob Youphes), Latvian-born American tailor, inventor of jeans (d. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotirios_Sotiropoulos" title="Sotirios Sotiropoulos">Sotirios Sotiropoulos</a>, Greek economist, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenia_Kisimova" title="Eugenia Kisimova">Eugenia Kisimova</a>, Bulgarian feminist, philanthropist, women's rights activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93June_2"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwig_Achim_von_Arnim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ludwig_Achim_von_Arnim.jpg/120px-Ludwig_Achim_von_Arnim.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ludwig_Achim_von_Arnim.jpg/250px-Ludwig_Achim_von_Arnim.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Achim_von_Arnim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Achim von Arnim">Ludwig Achim von Arnim</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Krommer" title="Franz Krommer">Franz Krommer</a>, Czech composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Achim_von_Arnim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Achim von Arnim">Ludwig Achim von Arnim</a>, German poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Dimech" title="Vincenzo Dimech">Vincenzo Dimech</a>, Maltese sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1768" title="1768">1768</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Guerrero" title="Vicente Guerrero">Vicente Guerrero</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a>, Independence War hero (b. <a href="/wiki/1782" title="1782">1782</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marye_of_Yejju" title="Marye of Yejju">Marye of Yejju</a>, Ethiopian Ras</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabagadis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabagadis">Sabagadis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopian</a> warlord (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1770" title="1770">1770</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Maximilian_Klinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Maximilian Klinger">Friedrich Maximilian Klinger</a>, German writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Senyavin" title="Dmitry Senyavin">Dmitry Senyavin</a>, Russian admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Abernethy_(surgeon)" title="John Abernethy (surgeon)">John Abernethy</a>, English surgeon (b. <a href="/wiki/1764" title="1764">1764</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thursday_October_Christian_I" title="Thursday October Christian I">Thursday October Christian I</a>, Pitcairn Islander and son of <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Christian" title="Fletcher Christian">Fletcher Christian</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Felix_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Felix of Sardinia">Charles Felix of Sardinia</a>, King of Sardinia (b. <a href="/wiki/1765" title="1765">1765</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Collet_Barker" title="Collet Barker">Collet Barker</a>, British military officer, explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Rochester" title="Nathaniel Rochester">Nathaniel Rochester</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tarenorerer" title="Tarenorerer">Tarenorerer</a>, indigenous Australian Tasman freedom fighter (b. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Fullerton,_by_George_Chinnery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Robert_Fullerton%2C_by_George_Chinnery.jpg/110px-Robert_Fullerton%2C_by_George_Chinnery.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Robert_Fullerton%2C_by_George_Chinnery.jpg/165px-Robert_Fullerton%2C_by_George_Chinnery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Robert_Fullerton%2C_by_George_Chinnery.jpg/220px-Robert_Fullerton%2C_by_George_Chinnery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2643" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fullerton" title="Robert Fullerton">Robert Fullerton</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fullerton" title="Robert Fullerton">Robert Fullerton</a>, governor of Penang, first governor of British Straits Settlements (b. <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Siddons" title="Sarah Siddons">Sarah Siddons</a>, English actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Germain" title="Sophie Germain">Sophie Germain</a>, French mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1776" title="1776">1776</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Roscoe" title="William Roscoe">William Roscoe</a>, English abolitionist and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1753" title="1753">1753</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93December_2"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hegel_portrait_by_Schlesinger_1831.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hegel_portrait_by_Schlesinger_1831.jpg/110px-Hegel_portrait_by_Schlesinger_1831.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hegel_portrait_by_Schlesinger_1831.jpg/165px-Hegel_portrait_by_Schlesinger_1831.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hegel_portrait_by_Schlesinger_1831.jpg/220px-Hegel_portrait_by_Schlesinger_1831.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Hegel</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hannah_Adams_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hannah_Adams_portrait.jpg/110px-Hannah_Adams_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hannah_Adams_portrait.jpg/165px-Hannah_Adams_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hannah_Adams_portrait.jpg/220px-Hannah_Adams_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Adams" title="Hannah Adams">Hannah Adams</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>, 73, 5th President of the United States (b. <a href="/wiki/1758" title="1758">1758</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexandre_Andrault_de_Langeron" title="Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron">Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron</a>, Russian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1763" title="1763">1763</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Defermon_des_Chapeli%C3%A8res" title="Jacques Defermon des Chapelières">Jacques Defermon des Chapelières</a>, French politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_%C3%89rard" title="Sébastien Érard">Sébastien Érard</a>, German-born French instrument maker (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_von_Gneisenau" class="mw-redirect" title="August von Gneisenau">August von Gneisenau</a>, Prussian field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1760" title="1760">1760</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Engelhard" title="Philippine Engelhard">Philippine Engelhard</a>, German writer, scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1756" title="1756">1756</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hilchen_Sommerschild" title="Hilchen Sommerschild">Hilchen Sommerschild</a>, Norwegian educator (b. <a href="/wiki/1756" title="1756">1756</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner" title="Nat Turner">Nat Turner</a>, American slave rebel (b. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Hegel</a>, German philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1770" title="1770">1770</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Carl von Clausewitz</a>, German military strategist (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Titumir" title="Titumir">Titumir</a>, Bengali revolutionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1782" title="1782">1782</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-titu_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-titu-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_Simonis" title="Marie Anne Simonis">Marie Anne Simonis</a>, Belgian textile industrialist (b. <a href="/wiki/1758" title="1758">1758</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Adams" title="Hannah Adams">Hannah Adams</a>, American author (b. <a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willem_Bilderdijk" title="Willem Bilderdijk">Willem Bilderdijk</a>, Dutch author (b. <a href="/wiki/1756" title="1756">1756</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emilia_Plater" title="Emilia Plater">Emilia Plater</a>, Polish heroine (b. <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Vivian_Derozio" title="Henry Louis Vivian Derozio">Henry Louis Vivian Derozio</a>, Indian poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Girard" title="Stephen Girard">Stephen Girard</a>, French-American banker (b. <a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_3">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marengo_(horse)" title="Marengo (horse)">Marengo</a>, Napoleon's mount in several battles (b. <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotta_Richardy" title="Charlotta Richardy">Charlotta Richardy</a>, Swedish industrialist (b. <a href="/wiki/1751" title="1751">1751</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407161950/http://www.takashimaya.co.jp/archives/history/index.html">"Takashimaya Archives 1831-1908"</a> (in Japanese). Takashimaya. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.takashimaya.co.jp/archives/history/index.html">the original</a> on April 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Takashimaya+Archives+1831-1908&rft.pub=Takashimaya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.takashimaya.co.jp%2Farchives%2Fhistory%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1831" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiskimon2010" class="citation web cs1">Miskimon, Scott A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncpedia.org/history/1776-1860/1831-fires">"The Fires of 1831: Fayetteville and Raleigh in Flames"</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_North_Carolina" title="State Library of North Carolina">State Library of North Carolina</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fires+of+1831%3A+Fayetteville+and+Raleigh+in+Flames&rft.pub=State+Library+of+North+Carolina&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Miskimon&rft.aufirst=Scott+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncpedia.org%2Fhistory%2F1776-1860%2F1831-fires&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1831" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070922055840/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840">"Icons, a portrait of England 1820–1840"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840">the original</a> on 2007-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Icons%2C+a+portrait+of+England+1820%E2%80%931840&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icons.org.uk%2Ftheicons%2Ficons-timeline%2F1820-1840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1831" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pocket_On_This_Day_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Penguin Pocket On This Day</i>. 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Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+World+Order+and+Resistance%3A+The+Making+and+Unmaking+of+Global+Subjects&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Drainville&rft.aufirst=Andre+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1831" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDenmark1902" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Denmark (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivExAQAAMAAJ"><i>Kongelig dansk hof- og statskalender</i></a> (in Danish). J.H. Schultz Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kongelig+dansk+hof-+og+statskalender&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=J.H.+Schultz+Universitetsbogtrykkeri&rft.date=1902&rft.au=Denmark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivExAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1831" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_F._Fisher_IV1985" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Benjamin F. Fisher IV (1985). "Amelia B. Edwards". In Bleiler, E. F. (ed.). <i>Supernatural Fiction Writers</i>. New York: Scribner's. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-17808-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-17808-7"><bdi>0-684-17808-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amelia+B.+Edwards&rft.btitle=Supernatural+Fiction+Writers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Scribner%27s&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-684-17808-7&rft.au=Benjamin+F.+Fisher+IV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1831" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-titu-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-titu_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKhan,_Muazzam_Hussain2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Khan, Muazzam Hussain (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Titu_Mir">"Titu Mir"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Titu+Mir&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Khan%2C+Muazzam+Hussain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DTitu_Mir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1831" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox652" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7579#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Eighteen thirty-one, A.D."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh00001431">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007291616805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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