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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1549–1663" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1549–1663"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1549–1663</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1549–1663-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1831–1841" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1831–1841"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1831–1841</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1831–1841-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1861" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1861"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1861</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1861-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1864" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1864"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1864</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1864-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1872–1918" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1872–1918"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1872–1918</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1872–1918-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_maps,_showing_Eyalets_(pre-Tanzimat_reforms)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_maps,_showing_Eyalets_(pre-Tanzimat_reforms)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contemporary maps, showing Eyalets (pre-Tanzimat reforms)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_maps,_showing_Eyalets_(pre-Tanzimat_reforms)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_maps,_showing_Vilayets_(post-Tanzimat_reforms)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_maps,_showing_Vilayets_(post-Tanzimat_reforms)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Contemporary maps, showing Vilayets (post-Tanzimat reforms)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_maps,_showing_Vilayets_(post-Tanzimat_reforms)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سوريا العثمانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوريا العثمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria_otomana" title="Siria otomana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Siria otomana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Suriyas%C4%B1" title="Osmanlı Suriyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Osmanlı Suriyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria_otomana" title="Síria otomana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Síria otomana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDrie_v_osmansk%C3%A9m_obdob%C3%AD" title="Sýrie v osmanském období – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sýrie v osmanském období" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmannisk_Syrien" title="Osmannisk Syrien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Osmannisk Syrien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B8%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Οθωμανική Συρία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οθωμανική Συρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria_otomana" title="Siria otomana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siria otomana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سوریه عثمانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوریه عثمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrie_sous_l%27Empire_ottoman" title="Syrie sous l'Empire ottoman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Syrie sous l'Empire ottoman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%8C%EB%A0%B9_%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="오스만령 시리아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스만령 시리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah_Utsmaniyah" title="Suriah Utsmaniyah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suriah Utsmaniyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria_ottomana" title="Siria ottomana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Siria ottomana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA%27%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="סוריה העות'מאנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוריה העות'מאנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Отоманска Сирија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Отоманска Сирија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmansk_Syria" title="Osmansk Syria – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Osmansk Syria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عثمانی شام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عثمانی شام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria_otomana" title="Síria otomana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Síria otomana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Османская Сирия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Османская Сирия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Suriyesi" title="Osmanlı Suriyesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Osmanlı Suriyesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Османська Сирія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Османська Сирія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="عثمانی سوریہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عثمانی سوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_thu%E1%BB%99c_Ottoman" title="Syria thuộc Ottoman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Syria thuộc Ottoman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3076765#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="latitude">34°N</span> <span class="longitude">37°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34°N 37°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34; 37</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">The region of Syria under Ottoman rule (1516–1918)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Syria"><img alt="Flag of Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Flags of the Ottoman Empire">Flag of the Ottoman Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Syria.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ottoman_Syria.png/220px-Ottoman_Syria.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ottoman_Syria.png/330px-Ottoman_Syria.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ottoman_Syria.png/440px-Ottoman_Syria.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="540" /></a></span><br />Ottoman territories which correspond with the <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syrian</a> provinces are shown in purple</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data">Administered from <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> • Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ottoman_Syria&params=34_N_37_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°N</span> <span class="longitude">37°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34°N 37°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34; 37</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Type</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Dabiq" title="Battle of Marj Dabiq">Battle of Marj Dabiq</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1516</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1831%E2%80%931833)" title="Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)">First Egyptian–Ottoman War</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1831–1833</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1839%E2%80%931841)" title="Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)">Second Egyptian–Ottoman War</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1839–1841</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine campaign</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1918</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mameluke_Flag.svg/20px-Mameluke_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mameluke_Flag.svg/30px-Mameluke_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mameluke_Flag.svg/40px-Mameluke_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Sultanate</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/France_and_United_Kingdom_flags.svg/20px-France_and_United_Kingdom_flags.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/France_and_United_Kingdom_flags.svg/30px-France_and_United_Kingdom_flags.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/France_and_United_Kingdom_flags.svg/40px-France_and_United_Kingdom_flags.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2241" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ottoman Syria</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سوريا العثمانية</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiographical</a> term used to describe the group of divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> within the region of <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Levant</a>, usually defined as being east of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, west of the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates River">Euphrates River</a>, north of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Desert" title="Arabian Desert">Arabian Desert</a> and south of the <a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ottoman Syria became organized by the Ottomans upon conquest from the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Sultanate</a> in the early 16th century as a single <a href="/wiki/Eyalet" title="Eyalet">eyalet</a> (province) of <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Eyalet" title="Damascus Eyalet">Damascus Eyalet</a>. In 1534, the <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Eyalet" title="Aleppo Eyalet">Aleppo Eyalet</a> was split into a separate administration. The <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Eyalet" title="Tripoli Eyalet">Tripoli Eyalet</a> was formed out of Damascus province in 1579 and later the <a href="/wiki/Adana_Eyalet" title="Adana Eyalet">Adana Eyalet</a> was split from Aleppo. In 1660, the Eyalet of Safed was established and shortly afterwards renamed <a href="/wiki/Sidon_Eyalet" title="Sidon Eyalet">Sidon Eyalet</a>; in 1667, the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Emirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Lebanon Emirate">Mount Lebanon Emirate</a> was given special autonomous status within the Sidon province, but was abolished in 1841 and reconfigured in 1861 as the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate" title="Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate">Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate</a>. The Syrian eyalets were later transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Syria_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria Vilayet">Syria Vilayet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleppo Vilayet">Aleppo Vilayet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Beirut_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Beirut Vilayet">Beirut Vilayet</a>, following the 1864 <a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a> reforms. Finally, in 1872, the <a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem</a> was split from the Syria Vilayet into an autonomous administration with special status. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Ottoman_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Ottoman Syria">Timeline of Ottoman Syria</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ottoman_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Ottoman Syria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer,_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_46.jpg/220px-Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_46.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_46.jpg/330px-Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_46.jpg/440px-Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1909" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Mosque at <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>, from <i>Views in the Ottoman Dominions, in Europe, in Asia, and some of the Mediterranean islands</i> (1810) illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Mayer" title="Luigi Mayer">Luigi Mayer</a> (1755–1803).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer,_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_68.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_68.jpg/220px-Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_68.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_68.jpg/330px-Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_68.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_68.jpg/440px-Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_68.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption>Town of <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, Ottoman Syria from an 1810 illustration by Luigi Mayer.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before 1516, Syria was part of the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Empire</a> centered in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>. The Ottoman Sultan <a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a> conquered Syria in 1516 after defeating the Mamlukes at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Dabiq" title="Battle of Marj Dabiq">Battle of Marj Dabiq</a> near <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> in northern Syria. Selim carried on his victorious campaign against the Mamlukes and conquered <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Egypt</a> in 1517 following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ridanieh" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ridanieh">Battle of Ridanieh</a>, bringing an end to the Mamluk Sultanate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire">Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Mamluk_War_(1485%E2%80%931491)" title="Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–1491)">Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–1491)</a></div> <p>When he first seized Syria in 1516, Selim I kept the administrative subdivisions of the Mamluk period unchanged. After he came back from Egypt in July 1517, he reorganized Syria into one large province or <a href="/wiki/Eyalet" title="Eyalet">eyalet</a> named <i>Şam</i> (Arabic/Turkish for "Syria"). The eyalet was subdivided into several districts or <a href="/wiki/Sanjaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjaks">sanjaks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1549–1663"><span id="1549.E2.80.931663"></span>1549–1663</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1549–1663"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1549, Syria was reorganized into two eyalets. The northern Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> became the center of the new Eyalet of Aleppo. At this time, the two Syrian Eyalets were subdivided as follows: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Aleppo">Eyalet of Aleppo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إيالة حلب</span>) <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Aleppo">Sanjak of Aleppo</a> (حلب)</li> <li>The Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a> (أضنة)</li> <li>The Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Elbistan" title="Elbistan">Ablistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marash" class="mw-redirect" title="Marash">Marash</a> (مرعش))</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Aintab" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Aintab">Sanjak of Aintab</a> (عينتاب)</li> <li>The Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Birejik" class="mw-redirect" title="Birejik">Birejik</a> (البيرة) (<a href="/wiki/Urfa" title="Urfa">Urfa</a> (أورفة))</li> <li>The Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Kilis_Province" title="Kilis Province">Kilis</a> (كلز)</li> <li>The Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27arrat_al-Numan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'arrat al-Numan">Ma'arra</a> (معرة النعمان)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Hama" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Hama">Sanjak of Hama</a> (حماة)</li> <li>The Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Salamiyah" title="Salamiyah">Salamiyah</a> (سلمية)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Homs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Homs">Sanjak of Homs</a> (حمص)</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Damascus">Eyalet of Damascus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إيالة دمشق</span>) <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Damascus">Sanjak of Damascus</a> (دمشق)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Tripoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Tripoli">Sanjak of Tripoli</a> (طرابلس)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Acre_Sanjak" title="Acre Sanjak">Sanjak of Acre</a> (عكا)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Safad" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Safad">Sanjak of Safad</a> (صفد)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Nablus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Nablus">Sanjak of Nablus</a> (نابلس)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Jerusalem">Sanjak of Jerusalem</a> (القدس)</li> <li>The Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Lajjun" title="Lajjun">Lajjun</a> (اللجون)</li> <li>The Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Salt,_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt, Jordan">Salt</a> (السلط)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Gaza">Sanjak of Gaza</a> (غزة)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>In 1579, the <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Tripoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Tripoli">Eyalet of Tripoli</a> was established under the name of <i>Tripoli of Syria</i> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Trablusşam</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">طرابلس الشام</span>). At this time, the eyalets became as follows: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer,_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_57.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_57.jpg/220px-Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_57.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_57.jpg/330px-Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_57.jpg/440px-Illustration_from_Views_in_the_Ottoman_Dominions_by_Luigi_Mayer%2C_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1774" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a> in Ottoman Syria, from an 1810 illustration by Luigi Mayer.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Aleppo">Eyalet of Aleppo</a> included the Sanjaks of <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Marash" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Marash">Marash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Aintab" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Aintab">Aintab</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Urfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Urfa">Urfa</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Tripoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Tripoli">Eyalet of Tripoli</a> included the Sanjaks of <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Tripoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Tripoli">Tripoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Latakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Latakia">Latakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Hama" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Hama">Hama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Homs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Homs">Homs</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Damascus">Eyalet of Damascus</a> included the Sanjaks of <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Damascus">Damascus</a>, Beirut, Sidon (<a href="/wiki/Sidon-Beirut_Sanjak" title="Sidon-Beirut Sanjak">Sidon-Beirut</a>), <a href="/wiki/Acre_Sanjak" title="Acre Sanjak">Acre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Safad" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Safad">Safad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Nablus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Nablus">Nablus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Gaza">Gaza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanjak_of_Hauran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanjak of Hauran (page does not exist)">Hauran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karak_Sanjak" title="Karak Sanjak">Ma'an</a>. </p><p>In 1660, the <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Safad" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Safad">Eyalet of Safad</a> was established. It was later renamed the <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Sidon" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Sidon">Eyalet of Sidon</a>, and later, the <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Beirut">Eyalet of Beirut</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1831–1841"><span id="1831.E2.80.931841"></span>1831–1841</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1831–1841"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1851_Henry_Warren_Map_of_Syria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1851_Henry_Warren_Map_of_Syria.jpg/220px-1851_Henry_Warren_Map_of_Syria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1851_Henry_Warren_Map_of_Syria.jpg/330px-1851_Henry_Warren_Map_of_Syria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1851_Henry_Warren_Map_of_Syria.jpg/440px-1851_Henry_Warren_Map_of_Syria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="4700" /></a><figcaption>1851 map of Ottoman Syria, showing the <a href="/wiki/Eyalet" title="Eyalet">Eyalets</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Tripoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Tripoli">Tripoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Acre" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Acre">Acre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Gaza">Gaza</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1833, the Syrian provinces were ceded to <a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Ali_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammed Ali of Egypt">Muhammed Ali of Egypt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Kutahya" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention of Kutahya">Convention of Kutahya</a>. The firman stated that "The governments of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Candia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt Eyalet">Egypt</a> are continued to Mahomet Ali. And in reference to his special claim, I have granted him the provinces of Damascus, Tripoli-in-Syria, Sidon, Saphet, Aleppo, the districts of Jerusalem and Nablous, with the conduct of pilgrims and the commandment of the Tcherde (the yearly offering to the tomb of the Prophet). His son, Ibrahim Pacha, has again the title of Sheikh and Harem of Mekka, and the district of Jedda; and farther, I have acquiesced in his request to have the district of Adana ruled by the Treasury of Taurus, with the title of Mohassil."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this period, the Sublime Porte's firmans (decrees) of 1839 and, more decisively, of 1856 – equalizing the status of Muslim and non-Muslim subjects – produced a dramatic alienation of Muslims from Christians. In the words of one writer, "The former resented the implied loss of superiority and recurrently assaulted and massacred Christian communities – in Aleppo in 1850, in Nablus in 1856, and in Damascus and Lebanon in 1860. Among the long-term consequences of these bitter internecine conflicts were the emergence of a Christian-dominated Lebanon in the 1920s – 40s and the deep fissure between Christian and Muslim Palestinian Arabs as they confronted the Zionist influx after World War I."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1861">1861</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1861"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the massacre of thousands of Christian civilians during the <a href="/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus" title="1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus">1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus</a>, and under growing European pressure, mainly from France, an Ottoman edict issued in 1861 transformed the "Double <a href="/wiki/Kaymakam" title="Kaymakam">Kaymakamate</a>", the former regime based on religious rule that led to civil war, into the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate" title="Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate">Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate</a>, governed by a <a href="/wiki/Mutasarr%C4%B1f" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutasarrıf">mutasarrıf</a> who, according to law, had to be a non-Lebanese Christian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1864">1864</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1864"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a> reforms, an Ottoman law passed in 1864 provided for a standard provincial administration throughout the empire with the eyalets becoming smaller <i><a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">vilayets</a></i>, governed by a <i><a href="/wiki/Wali_(administrative_title)" title="Wali (administrative title)">vali</a></i> (governor) still appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Sublime Porte</a> but with new provincial assemblies participating in administration. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png/220px-Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png/330px-Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png/440px-Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png 2x" data-file-width="4455" data-file-height="4840" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire in 1317 Hijri, 1899 Gregorian, Including Ottoman Syria.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1872–1918"><span id="1872.E2.80.931918"></span>1872–1918</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1872–1918"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1872 <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and the surrounding towns became the <a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem</a>, gaining a special administrative status. </p><p>From 1872 until <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> subdivisions of Ottoman Syria were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleppo Vilayet">Aleppo Vilayet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولاية حلب</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Zor">Sanjak of Zor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سنجق دير الزور</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Beirut Vilayet">Beirut Vilayet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولاية بيروت</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria Vilayet">Syria Vilayet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولاية سورية</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Mount_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutasarrifate of Mount Lebanon">Mutasarrifate of Mount Lebanon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">متصرفية جبل لبنان</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">متصرفية القدس الشريف</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Karak" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutasarrifate of Karak">Mutasarrifate of Karak</a> (from 1895) (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">متصرفية الكرك</span>)</li></ul> <p>The sanjak Zor and the major part of the vilayet Aleppo may or may not be included in Ottoman Syria. <i>The Geographical Dictionary of the World,</i> published in 1906, describes Syria as: </p> <blockquote><p>"a country in the [south-west] part of Asia, forming part of the Turkish Empire. It extends eastward from the Mediterranean Sea to the river Euphrates and the Syrian Desert (the prolongation northward of the Arabian Desert), and southward from the Alma-Dagh (ancient Amanus), one of the ranges of the <a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus</a>, to the frontiers of Egypt (Isthmus of Suez) It lies between the parallels of 31° and 37° [north latitude]. It comprises the <a href="/wiki/Syria_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria Vilayet">vilayet of Syria (Suria)</a>, or of Damascus, the vilayet of Beirut, the [south-west] part of the vilayet of Aleppo, and the mutessarrifliks of Jerusalem and the Lebanon. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> is included in [the country] Syria, comprising the <a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">mutessarriflik of Jerusalem</a> and part of the vilayets of Beirut and Syria. </p><p> The designation Syria is sometimes used in wider sense so as to include the whole of the vilayet of Aleppo and the <a href="/wiki/Zor_Sanjak" title="Zor Sanjak">Zor Sanjak</a>, a large part of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> being thus added."<sup id="cite_ref-GeoDict-1906_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeoDict-1906-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></p></blockquote> <p>About Syria in 1915, a British report says: </p> <blockquote><p>"The term Syria in those days was generally used to denote the whole of geographical and historic Syria, that is to say the whole of the country lying between the Taurus Mountains and the Sinai Peninsula, which was made up of part of the Vilayet of Aleppo, the Vilayet of Bairut, the Vilayet of Syria, the Sanjaq of the Lebanon, and the Sanjaq of Jerusalem. It included that part of the country which was afterwards detached from it to form the mandated territory of Palestine."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_levant.png" class="mw-file-description" title=""Independent" Sanjak of Jerusalem shown within Ottoman administrative divisions in the Eastern Mediterranean coast after the reorganisation of 1887–88"><img alt=""Independent" Sanjak of Jerusalem shown within Ottoman administrative divisions in the Eastern Mediterranean coast after the reorganisation of 1887–88" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ottoman_levant.png/119px-Ottoman_levant.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ottoman_levant.png/179px-Ottoman_levant.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ottoman_levant.png/239px-Ottoman_levant.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="1392" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Independent" <a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">Sanjak</a> of Jerusalem shown within Ottoman administrative divisions in the Eastern Mediterranean coast after the reorganisation of 1887–88</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Syria_1900.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ottoman Syria until World War I. Present borders in grey."><img alt="Ottoman Syria until World War I. Present borders in grey." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ottoman_Syria_1900.svg/156px-Ottoman_Syria_1900.svg.png" decoding="async" width="156" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ottoman_Syria_1900.svg/235px-Ottoman_Syria_1900.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ottoman_Syria_1900.svg/313px-Ottoman_Syria_1900.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ottoman Syria until World War I. Present borders in grey.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_maps,_showing_Eyalets_(pre-Tanzimat_reforms)"><span id="Contemporary_maps.2C_showing_Eyalets_.28pre-Tanzimat_reforms.29"></span>Contemporary maps, showing Eyalets (pre-Tanzimat reforms)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Contemporary maps, showing Eyalets (pre-Tanzimat reforms)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="title"><div>Maps of Contemporary Ottoman Syria showing Eyalets (pre 1864 Vilayet Law)</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1696 (Jaillot), showing Eyalets"><img alt="1696 (Jaillot), showing Eyalets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg/180px-Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg/270px-Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg/360px-Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2399" data-file-height="2055" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1696 (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Hubert_Jaillot" class="extiw" title="de:Alexis Hubert Jaillot">Jaillot</a>), showing Eyalets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1701_Guillaume_Delisle_map_of_the_Ottoman_and_Persian_Empires.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1707"><img alt="1707" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1701_Guillaume_Delisle_map_of_the_Ottoman_and_Persian_Empires.jpg/180px-1701_Guillaume_Delisle_map_of_the_Ottoman_and_Persian_Empires.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1701_Guillaume_Delisle_map_of_the_Ottoman_and_Persian_Empires.jpg/270px-1701_Guillaume_Delisle_map_of_the_Ottoman_and_Persian_Empires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1701_Guillaume_Delisle_map_of_the_Ottoman_and_Persian_Empires.jpg/360px-1701_Guillaume_Delisle_map_of_the_Ottoman_and_Persian_Empires.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7617" data-file-height="5774" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1707</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_(Ottoman_Empire),_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1740 (Seutter), showing Eyalets"><img alt="1740 (Seutter), showing Eyalets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg/180px-1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg/270px-1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg/360px-1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4339" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1740 (<a href="/wiki/Matth%C3%A4us_Seutter" title="Matthäus Seutter">Seutter</a>), showing Eyalets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_von_Phoenicien_und_Damask.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1787 map"><img alt="1787 map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Karte_von_Phoenicien_und_Damask.jpg/124px-Karte_von_Phoenicien_und_Damask.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Karte_von_Phoenicien_und_Damask.jpg/186px-Karte_von_Phoenicien_und_Damask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Karte_von_Phoenicien_und_Damask.jpg/248px-Karte_von_Phoenicien_und_Damask.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4100" data-file-height="5941" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1787 map</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cedid_Atlas_(Syria)_1803.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1803, from Cedid Atlas"><img alt="1803, from Cedid Atlas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cedid_Atlas_%28Syria%29_1803.jpg/180px-Cedid_Atlas_%28Syria%29_1803.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cedid_Atlas_%28Syria%29_1803.jpg/270px-Cedid_Atlas_%28Syria%29_1803.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cedid_Atlas_%28Syria%29_1803.jpg/360px-Cedid_Atlas_%28Syria%29_1803.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4203" data-file-height="3579" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1803, from <a href="/wiki/Cedid_Atlas" title="Cedid Atlas">Cedid Atlas</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_von_Syrien._den_Manen_Jacotin%27s_und_Burckhardt%27s_gewidmet._von_H._Berghaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1835 map by Heinrich Berghaus"><img alt="1835 map by Heinrich Berghaus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Karte_von_Syrien._den_Manen_Jacotin%27s_und_Burckhardt%27s_gewidmet._von_H._Berghaus.jpg/124px-Karte_von_Syrien._den_Manen_Jacotin%27s_und_Burckhardt%27s_gewidmet._von_H._Berghaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Karte_von_Syrien._den_Manen_Jacotin%27s_und_Burckhardt%27s_gewidmet._von_H._Berghaus.jpg/187px-Karte_von_Syrien._den_Manen_Jacotin%27s_und_Burckhardt%27s_gewidmet._von_H._Berghaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Karte_von_Syrien._den_Manen_Jacotin%27s_und_Burckhardt%27s_gewidmet._von_H._Berghaus.jpg/249px-Karte_von_Syrien._den_Manen_Jacotin%27s_und_Burckhardt%27s_gewidmet._von_H._Berghaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9647" data-file-height="13939" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1835 map by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Berghaus" title="Heinrich Berghaus">Heinrich Berghaus</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidney_Hall_1830_map_of_Palestine_showing_Ottoman_divisions.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1830 map by Sidney Hall"><img alt="1830 map by Sidney Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sidney_Hall_1830_map_of_Palestine_showing_Ottoman_divisions.jpg/147px-Sidney_Hall_1830_map_of_Palestine_showing_Ottoman_divisions.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sidney_Hall_1830_map_of_Palestine_showing_Ottoman_divisions.jpg/221px-Sidney_Hall_1830_map_of_Palestine_showing_Ottoman_divisions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sidney_Hall_1830_map_of_Palestine_showing_Ottoman_divisions.jpg/295px-Sidney_Hall_1830_map_of_Palestine_showing_Ottoman_divisions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5310" data-file-height="6488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1830 map by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hall" title="Sidney Hall">Sidney Hall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinrich_Kiepert_1841_map_of_Palestine_(combined).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1841 Kiepert map of Palestine showing Ottoman subdivisions"><img alt="1841 Kiepert map of Palestine showing Ottoman subdivisions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Heinrich_Kiepert_1841_map_of_Palestine_%28combined%29.jpg/81px-Heinrich_Kiepert_1841_map_of_Palestine_%28combined%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Heinrich_Kiepert_1841_map_of_Palestine_%28combined%29.jpg/122px-Heinrich_Kiepert_1841_map_of_Palestine_%28combined%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Heinrich_Kiepert_1841_map_of_Palestine_%28combined%29.jpg/162px-Heinrich_Kiepert_1841_map_of_Palestine_%28combined%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5627" data-file-height="12456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1841 <a href="/wiki/Kiepert_maps_of_Palestine_and_Jerusalem" title="Kiepert maps of Palestine and Jerusalem">Kiepert map of Palestine</a> showing Ottoman subdivisions</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1842, showing "Pashalics""><img alt="1842, showing "Pashalics"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Syr.jpg/154px-Syr.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Syr.jpg/231px-Syr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Syr.jpg/309px-Syr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6132" data-file-height="7150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1842, showing "Pashalics"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin,_R.M.;_Tallis,_J._%26_F._Turkey_in_Asia._1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1851"><img alt="1851" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Martin%2C_R.M.%3B_Tallis%2C_J._%26_F._Turkey_in_Asia._1851.jpg/180px-Martin%2C_R.M.%3B_Tallis%2C_J._%26_F._Turkey_in_Asia._1851.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Martin%2C_R.M.%3B_Tallis%2C_J._%26_F._Turkey_in_Asia._1851.jpg/270px-Martin%2C_R.M.%3B_Tallis%2C_J._%26_F._Turkey_in_Asia._1851.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Martin%2C_R.M.%3B_Tallis%2C_J._%26_F._Turkey_in_Asia._1851.jpg/360px-Martin%2C_R.M.%3B_Tallis%2C_J._%26_F._Turkey_in_Asia._1851.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4700" data-file-height="3750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1851</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_maps,_showing_Vilayets_(post-Tanzimat_reforms)"><span id="Contemporary_maps.2C_showing_Vilayets_.28post-Tanzimat_reforms.29"></span>Contemporary maps, showing Vilayets (post-Tanzimat reforms)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Contemporary maps, showing Vilayets (post-Tanzimat reforms)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="title"><div>Maps of Contemporary Ottoman Syria showing Vilayets (post-Tanzimat reforms)</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey,_Iraq,_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1855, showing sanjaks"><img alt="1855, showing sanjaks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg/180px-1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg/270px-1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg/360px-1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3034" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1855, showing sanjaks</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garnier,_F._A.,_Turquie,_Syrie,_Liban,_Caucase._1862.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1862"><img alt="1862" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Garnier%2C_F._A.%2C_Turquie%2C_Syrie%2C_Liban%2C_Caucase._1862.jpg/180px-Garnier%2C_F._A.%2C_Turquie%2C_Syrie%2C_Liban%2C_Caucase._1862.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Garnier%2C_F._A.%2C_Turquie%2C_Syrie%2C_Liban%2C_Caucase._1862.jpg/270px-Garnier%2C_F._A.%2C_Turquie%2C_Syrie%2C_Liban%2C_Caucase._1862.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Garnier%2C_F._A.%2C_Turquie%2C_Syrie%2C_Liban%2C_Caucase._1862.jpg/360px-Garnier%2C_F._A.%2C_Turquie%2C_Syrie%2C_Liban%2C_Caucase._1862.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3835" data-file-height="3090" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1862</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor,_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_(modern_Turkey)_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1873"><img alt="1873" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg/180px-1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg/270px-1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg/360px-1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1873</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Asia_(partial,_1893).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1893"><img alt="1893" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg/180px-Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg/270px-Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg/360px-Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4424" data-file-height="3377" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1893</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CUINET(1896)_LA_SYRIE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1896"><img alt="1896" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/CUINET%281896%29_LA_SYRIE.jpg/102px-CUINET%281896%29_LA_SYRIE.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/CUINET%281896%29_LA_SYRIE.jpg/154px-CUINET%281896%29_LA_SYRIE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/CUINET%281896%29_LA_SYRIE.jpg/205px-CUINET%281896%29_LA_SYRIE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3459" data-file-height="6075" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1896</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rand,_McNally_%26_Co.%27s_new_14_x_21_map_of_Turkey_in_Asia,_Asia_Minor._Copyright_1895,_by_Rand,_McNally_%26_Co._(Chicago,_1897).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1897"><img alt="1897" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co.%27s_new_14_x_21_map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Asia_Minor._Copyright_1895%2C_by_Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co._%28Chicago%2C_1897%29.jpg/180px-Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co.%27s_new_14_x_21_map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Asia_Minor._Copyright_1895%2C_by_Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co._%28Chicago%2C_1897%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co.%27s_new_14_x_21_map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Asia_Minor._Copyright_1895%2C_by_Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co._%28Chicago%2C_1897%29.jpg/270px-Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co.%27s_new_14_x_21_map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Asia_Minor._Copyright_1895%2C_by_Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co._%28Chicago%2C_1897%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co.%27s_new_14_x_21_map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Asia_Minor._Copyright_1895%2C_by_Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co._%28Chicago%2C_1897%29.jpg/360px-Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co.%27s_new_14_x_21_map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Asia_Minor._Copyright_1895%2C_by_Rand%2C_McNally_%26_Co._%28Chicago%2C_1897%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5803" data-file-height="3837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1897</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900,_Edward_Stanford.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1900 (Stanford), showing Vilayets"><img alt="1900 (Stanford), showing Vilayets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg/180px-Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg/270px-Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg/360px-Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8412" data-file-height="6586" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1900 (<a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanford" title="Edward Stanford">Stanford</a>), showing Vilayets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_in_Asia,_1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1909"><img alt="1909" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Turkey_in_Asia%2C_1903.jpg/180px-Turkey_in_Asia%2C_1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Turkey_in_Asia%2C_1903.jpg/270px-Turkey_in_Asia%2C_1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Turkey_in_Asia%2C_1903.jpg/360px-Turkey_in_Asia%2C_1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1909</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1911"><img alt="1911" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911.jpg/180px-W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911.jpg/270px-W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911.jpg/360px-W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12265" data-file-height="8688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1911</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_ethnographic_map_of_the_Levant_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1915 ethnographic map"><img alt="1915 ethnographic map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ottoman_ethnographic_map_of_the_Levant_1915.jpg/110px-Ottoman_ethnographic_map_of_the_Levant_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ottoman_ethnographic_map_of_the_Levant_1915.jpg/166px-Ottoman_ethnographic_map_of_the_Levant_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ottoman_ethnographic_map_of_the_Levant_1915.jpg/221px-Ottoman_ethnographic_map_of_the_Levant_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1475" data-file-height="2399" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1915 ethnographic map</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1918-21_Ottoman_Khar%C4%AB%E1%B9%ADat_Filas%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABn_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9)_Map_of_Palestine_(the_last_known_Ottoman_map_of_Palestine).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1918, the last official Ottoman map of Palestine"><img alt="1918, the last official Ottoman map of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/1918-21_Ottoman_Khar%C4%AB%E1%B9%ADat_Filas%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABn_%28%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9%29_Map_of_Palestine_%28the_last_known_Ottoman_map_of_Palestine%29.jpg/142px-1918-21_Ottoman_Khar%C4%AB%E1%B9%ADat_Filas%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABn_%28%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9%29_Map_of_Palestine_%28the_last_known_Ottoman_map_of_Palestine%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/1918-21_Ottoman_Khar%C4%AB%E1%B9%ADat_Filas%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABn_%28%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9%29_Map_of_Palestine_%28the_last_known_Ottoman_map_of_Palestine%29.jpg/213px-1918-21_Ottoman_Khar%C4%AB%E1%B9%ADat_Filas%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABn_%28%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9%29_Map_of_Palestine_%28the_last_known_Ottoman_map_of_Palestine%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/1918-21_Ottoman_Khar%C4%AB%E1%B9%ADat_Filas%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABn_%28%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9%29_Map_of_Palestine_%28the_last_known_Ottoman_map_of_Palestine%29.jpg/284px-1918-21_Ottoman_Khar%C4%AB%E1%B9%ADat_Filas%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABn_%28%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9%29_Map_of_Palestine_%28the_last_known_Ottoman_map_of_Palestine%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9209" data-file-height="11664" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1918, the last official Ottoman map of Palestine</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Arab Kingdom of Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Bilad al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Syria" title="History of Syria">History of Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Syria" title="Southern Syria">Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria (Roman province)">Syria (Roman province)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pP315Mw3S9EC&pg=PA1015">The Middle East and North Africa: 2004, Routledge</a>, page 1015: "Syria"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Syrian Question,</i> 1841</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/morris-victims.html">"Righteous Victims"</a>. <i>archive.nytimes.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.nytimes.com&rft.atitle=Righteous+Victims&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Ffirst%2Fm%2Fmorris-victims.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOttoman+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GeoDict-1906-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GeoDict-1906_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cVQDZFM1T2IC&pg=PA1796"><i>Geographical Dictionary of the World in the early 20th Century</i></a>. Logos Press, New Delhi, 1906. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7268-012-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7268-012-1">978-81-7268-012-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icsresources.org/content/primarysourcedocs/CommitteeReportOnMcMahonHussein.pdf"><i>Report of a Committee set up to consider certain correspondence between Sir Henry McMahon (his majesty's high commissioner in egypt) and the Sharif of Mecca in 1915 and 1916</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150621130433/http://www.icsresources.org/content/primarysourcedocs/CommitteeReportOnMcMahonHussein.pdf">Archived</a> 21 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ANNEX A, para. 3. British Secretary of State for the Colonies, 16 maart 1939 (doc.nr. Cmd. 5974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/4C4F7515DC39195185256CF7006F878C"><i>unispal</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024004146/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/4C4F7515DC39195185256CF7006F878C">Archived</a> 24 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bayyat, Fadil, <i>The Ottoman State in the Arab Scope</i> (in Arabic; 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Burckhardt" title="Johann Ludwig Burckhardt">Johann Ludwig Burckhardt</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5LkWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA648">Travels in Syria and the Holy Land</a></i>, Appendix II: On the Political Divisions of Syria</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Syria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Arabia" title="Ottoman Arabia">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Iraq" title="Ottoman Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Syria" title="Southern Syria">Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lebanon_under_Ottoman_rule" title="History of Lebanon under Ottoman rule">Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Albania" title="Ottoman Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bulgaria" title="Ottoman Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Hungary" title="Ottoman Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Kosovo" title="Ottoman Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="North Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Serbia" title="Ottoman Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Ukraine" title="Ottoman Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Syrian_history" title="Timeline of Syrian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Syria" title="List of years in Syria">Years in Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistorical Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_corridor" title="Levantine corridor">Levantine corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruk_period" title="Uruk period">Uruk period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hureyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hureyra">Abu Hureyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Aswad" title="Tell Aswad">Aswad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarmukian_culture" title="Yarmukian culture">Yarmukian culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Syria">Ancient Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arameans" title="Arameans">Arameans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Ebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamhad" title="Yamhad">Yamhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatna" title="Qatna">Qatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram-Damascus" title="Aram-Damascus">Aram-Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Syro-Hittite states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber-Nari" title="Eber-Nari">Achaemenid Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid Syria">Seleucid Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Roman Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_Empire" title="Palmyrene Empire">Palmyrene Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Syria">Byzantine Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Syria">Medieval Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest</a> (636)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Caliphal Syria <i><span style="font-size:85%;">(Bilad al-Sham)</span></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulunid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulunid dynasty">Tulunid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhshidid_dynasty" title="Ikhshidid dynasty">Ikhshidid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Zangid dynasty">Zangid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirdasid_dynasty" title="Mirdasid dynasty">Mirdasid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid Syria">Fatimid Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saljuqid_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Saljuqid Syria">Saljuqid Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">County of Edessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid Syria">Ayyubid Syria</a> (1174–1260)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Syria">Mamluk Syria</a> (1260–1516)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ottoman Syria</a> (1516–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Syria" title="Modern history of Syria">Modern Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Arab kingdom</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haj_Fadel_Government" title="Haj Fadel Government">Haj Fadel Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandate for Syria and Lebanon">French Mandate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Federation" title="Syrian Federation">Syrian Federation</a> (1922–25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Syria_(1925%E2%80%931930)" title="State of Syria (1925–1930)">State of Syria</a> (1925–30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Syrian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatory Syrian Republic">Mandatory Republic</a> (1930–46)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_First_Syrian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent First Syrian Republic">independent First Republic</a> (1946–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic" title="Second Syrian Republic">Second Republic</a> (1950–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Insigne_Syriae.svg/80px-Insigne_Syriae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Insigne_Syriae.svg/120px-Insigne_Syriae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Insigne_Syriae.svg/160px-Insigne_Syriae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Syria" title="Geography of Syria">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Syria" title="Template:Borders of Syria">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Syria" title="List of cities in Syria">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Syria" title="Districts of Syria">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Syria" title="Governorates of Syria">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Syria" title="List of rivers of Syria">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Syria" title="List of volcanoes in Syria">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jazira,_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia">Al-Jazira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lebanon_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Lebanon Mountains">Anti-Lebanon Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauran" title="Hauran">Hauran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hermon" title="Mount Hermon">Hermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orontes_River" title="Orontes River">Orontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria (region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Syria" title="Southern Syria">Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Syria" title="Constitution of Syria">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Syria" title="Corruption in Syria">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Syria" title="List of presidents of Syria">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Syria" title="Vice President of Syria">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Syria)" title="Council of Ministers (Syria)">Council of Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Syria">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Syria" title="Elections in Syria">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Syria" title="Foreign relations of Syria">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights#Territorial_claims" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights claim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatay_Province#Turkish–Syrian_dispute" title="Hatay Province">Iskandaron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_ministries_of_Syria" title="Government ministries of Syria">Government ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Syria">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Syria" title="Judiciary of Syria">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Judicial_Council" title="High Judicial Council">High council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Constitutional_Court_of_Syria" title="Supreme Constitutional Court of Syria">Supreme Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Council_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Council of Syria">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_People%27s_Council_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the People's Council of Syria">Speakers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Syria" title="List of political parties in Syria">Political parties</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)">national</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">regional command</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Front_(Syria)" title="National Progressive Front (Syria)">National Progressive Front</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_Change_and_Liberation" title="Popular Front for Change and Liberation">Popular Front for Change and Liberation</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of the Golan Heights">Political status of the Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria (region)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Syria" title="Terrorism in Syria">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Syria">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Force" title="Syrian Air Force">Air force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Air Defense Force">air defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Navy" title="Syrian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Syria)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Syria)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Syria and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Syria" title="Economy of Syria">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Syria" title="Agriculture in Syria">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Syria" title="Central Bank of Syria">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Syria" title="List of companies of Syria">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Syria" title="Industry in Syria">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Syria" title="International rankings of Syria">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_pound" title="Syrian pound">Pound <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Securities_Exchange" title="Damascus Securities Exchange">Securities Exchange <span style="font-size:85%;">(stock exchange)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Syria#Energy_and_mineral_resources" title="Economy of Syria">Energy and mineral resources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Syria" title="Petroleum industry in Syria">Petroleum industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Syria" title="Telecommunications in Syria">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Syria" title="Transport in Syria">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Syria" title="Water supply and sanitation in Syria">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Syria" title="Category:Society of Syria">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Syria">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Syria" title="Demographics of Syria">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Syria" title="Education in Syria">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Syria" title="Health in Syria">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_Syria" title="Hunger in Syria">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_diaspora" title="Syrian diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War">refugees <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011–present)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Syria" title="Women in Syria">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Syria" title="Public holidays in Syria">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouts_of_Syria" title="Scouts of Syria">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Syria" title="Squatting in Syria">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Syria" title="Culture of Syria">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Syria">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria" title="Coat of arms of Syria">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syrian_wine" title="Syrian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Syrian_films" title="List of Syrian films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" title="Flag of Syria">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Syria" title="Mass media in Syria">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Syria" title="Television in Syria">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Syria" title="Music of Syria">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Syria" title="Smoking in Syria">Smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Syria" title="Outline of Syria">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Syria-related_articles" title="Index of Syria-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Syria" title="Category:Syria">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israel_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israel_topics" title="Template:Israel topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israel_topics" title="Template talk:Israel topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israel_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israel topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israel_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Israel-related_articles" title="Index of Israel-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ottoman Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British mandate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Peace process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Israeli_history" title="Timeline of Israeli history">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Israel" title="List of years in Israel">by year</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Israel" title="Geography of Israel">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Israel" title="Borders of Israel">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel" title="List of cities in Israel">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Israel" title="Districts of Israel">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Israel" title="List of lakes of Israel">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_and_nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="National parks and nature reserves of Israel">National parks and nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Israel" title="List of rivers of Israel">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Israel" title="Wildlife of Israel">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Israel" title="Elections in Israel">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Israel" title="Foreign relations of Israel">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Israel" title="List of political parties in Israel">Parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_law" title="Israeli law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel" title="Basic Laws of Israel">Basic Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Israel" title="Judiciary of Israel">Judiciary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_system_of_government" title="Israeli system of government">System of government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_security_forces" title="Israeli security forces">Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Israel" title="Censorship in Israel">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Israel" title="Civil defense in Israel">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Aman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Israel" title="Conscription in Israel">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Structure of the Israel Defense Forces">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Israel" title="List of wars involving Israel">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">West Bank barrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Israel" title="Economy of Israel">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Israel" title="Agriculture in Israel">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Israel" title="Banking in Israel">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Israel" title="List of companies of Israel">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_industry_in_Israel" title="Diamond industry in Israel">Diamond industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Israel" title="Energy in Israel">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Israel" title="Science and technology in Israel">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Israel" title="Taxation in Israel">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange" title="Tel Aviv Stock Exchange">Tel Aviv Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Israel" title="Tourism in Israel">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Israel" title="Transport in Israel">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Israel" title="Water supply and sanitation in Israel">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Israel" title="Category:Society of Israel">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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