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Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="صفيحة هندية أسترالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صفيحة هندية أسترالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placa_indoaustraliana" title="Placa indoaustraliana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Placa indoaustraliana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind-Avstraliya_plit%C9%99si" title="Hind-Avstraliya plitəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hind-Avstraliya plitəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="ইন্দো-অস্ট্রেলীয় পাত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্দো-অস্ট্রেলীয় পাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="भारतीय-ऑस्ट्रेलियाई प्लेट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारतीय-ऑस्ट्रेलियाई प्लेट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Индо-Австралийска плоча – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индо-Австралийска плоча" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placa_indo-australiana" title="Placa indo-australiana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Placa indo-australiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Australske_Plade" title="Indo-Australske Plade – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indo-Australske Plade" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="صفيحة هندية ؤسطرالية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="صفيحة هندية ؤسطرالية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisch-Australische_Platte" title="Indisch-Australische Platte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indisch-Australische Platte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF-%CE%91%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Ινδο-Αυστραλιανή πλάκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδο-Αυστραλιανή πλάκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placa_indoaustraliana" title="Placa indoaustraliana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Placa indoaustraliana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind-A%C5%ADstralia_Plato" title="Hind-Aŭstralia Plato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hind-Aŭstralia Plato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="صفحه هند-استرالیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صفحه هند-استرالیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaque_indo-australienne" title="Plaque indo-australienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plaque indo-australienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placa_indoaustraliana" title="Placa indoaustraliana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Placa indoaustraliana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84-%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%ED%8C%90" title="인도-오스트레일리아판 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도-오스트레일리아판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="हिन्द-ऑस्ट्रेलियाई प्लेट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिन्द-ऑस्ट्रेलियाई प्लेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-australska_plo%C4%8Da" title="Indo-australska ploča – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indo-australska ploča" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempeng_Indo-Australia" title="Lempeng Indo-Australia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lempeng Indo-Australia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placca_indo-australiana" title="Placca indo-australiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Placca indo-australiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausztr%C3%A1l%E2%80%93Indiai-lemez" title="Ausztrál–Indiai-lemez – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ausztrál–Indiai-lemez" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Индоавстралиска Плоча – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индоавстралиска Плоча" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="インド・オーストラリアプレート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド・オーストラリアプレート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_indoaustralske_kontinentalplaten" title="Den indoaustralske kontinentalplaten – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den indoaustralske kontinentalplaten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_indoaustralske_plata" title="Den indoaustralske plata – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den indoaustralske plata" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%82yta_indoaustralijska" title="Płyta indoaustralijska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Płyta indoaustralijska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placa_indo-australiana" title="Placa indo-australiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Placa indo-australiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Индо-Австралийская плита – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индо-Австралийская плита" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Australian_plate" title="Indo-Australian plate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indo-Australian plate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Индоаустралијска плоча – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индоаустралијска плоча" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoaustralska_plo%C4%8Da" title="Indoaustralska ploča – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indoaustralska ploča" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Australian_laatta" title="Indo-Australian laatta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Indo-Australian laatta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoaustraliska_kontinentalplattan" title="Indoaustraliska kontinentalplattan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indoaustraliska kontinentalplattan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="இந்திய-ஆஸ்திரேலியப் புவித்தட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்திய-ஆஸ்திரேலியப் புவித்தட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hint-Avustralya_levhas%C4%B1" title="Hint-Avustralya levhası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hint-Avustralya levhası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Індо-Австралійська плита – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індо-Австралійська плита" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A3ng_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%9Ac" title="Mảng Ấn-Úc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mảng Ấn-Úc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" title="印度-澳洲板塊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度-澳洲板塊" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Major tectonic plate formed by the fusion of the Indian and Australian plates</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_plate" title="Australian plate">Australian plate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Capricorn_plate" title="Capricorn plate">Capricorn plate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Physical_world_tektonik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Physical_world_tektonik.jpg/300px-Physical_world_tektonik.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Physical_world_tektonik.jpg/450px-Physical_world_tektonik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Physical_world_tektonik.jpg/600px-Physical_world_tektonik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the Indo-Australian plate (IA) and other major plates</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plates_tect2_bis_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Plates_tect2_bis_en.svg/400px-Plates_tect2_bis_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Plates_tect2_bis_en.svg/600px-Plates_tect2_bis_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Plates_tect2_bis_en.svg/800px-Plates_tect2_bis_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4167" data-file-height="2844" /></a><figcaption>The Indo-Australian plate, shown as its two subdivisions: the <a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a> (red) and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_plate" title="Australian plate">Australian plate</a> (orange)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Indo-Australian plate</b> is or was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates#Major_plates" title="List of tectonic plates">major tectonic plate</a>. It is in the process of separation into three plates, and may be currently separated into more than one plate. It contains the <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">continent of Australia</a>, its surrounding <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a> and extends north-west to include the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and the adjacent waters. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Australian_plate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was formed by the fusion of the then <a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian</a> and the then <a href="/wiki/Australian_plate" title="Australian plate">Australian</a> plates approximately 43 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fusion happened when the <a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">mid-ocean ridge</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, which separated the two plates, ceased spreading.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions">Regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Australian_plate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia-New Guinea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>) are all fragments of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">supercontinent</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a>. As the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean floor">ocean floor</a> broke apart, these land masses fragmented from one another, and for a time these centers were thought to be dormant and fused into a single plate. However, research in the early 21st century indicates plate separation of the Indo-Australian plate may have already occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-Stein2001_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stein2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Delescluse2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delescluse2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yue2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yue2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Delescluse2012_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delescluse2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Australian_plate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The eastern side of the plate is the <a href="/wiki/Convergent_boundary" title="Convergent boundary">convergent boundary</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_plate" title="Pacific plate">Pacific plate</a>. The Pacific plate sinks below the Australian plate and forms the <a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Trench" title="Kermadec Trench">Kermadec Trench</a> and the island arcs of <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec</a>. New Zealand is situated along the southeastern boundary of the plate, which with New Caledonia makes up the southern and northern ends of the ancient landmass of <a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a>, which separated from Australia 85 million years ago. The central part of Zealandia sank under the sea. </p><p>The southern margin of the plate forms a <a href="/wiki/Divergent_boundary" title="Divergent boundary">divergent boundary</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_plate" title="Antarctic plate">Antarctic plate</a>. The western side is subdivided by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a> that borders the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_plate" title="Arabian plate">Arabian plate</a> to the north and the <a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African plate</a> to the south. The northern margin of the Indian plate forms a convergent boundary with the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_plate" title="Eurasian plate">Eurasian plate</a>, which constitutes the active orogenic process of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> and the Hindukush mountains. </p><p>The northeast side of the Australian plate forms a subduction boundary with the Eurasian plate in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> between the borders of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> and to the southwest of the Indonesian islands of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>. Along the northern <a href="/wiki/Ninety_East_Ridge" title="Ninety East Ridge">Ninety East Ridge</a> under the Indian Ocean there appears to be a weakness zone where the Indian and Australian plates are going different ways.<sup id="cite_ref-Delescluse2007_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delescluse2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Delescluse2012_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delescluse2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsidence boundary through <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> is reflected in the <a href="/wiki/Wallace_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace line">Wallace line</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plate_movements">Plate movements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Australian_plate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plate movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Australian_plate#Speed" title="Australian plate">Australian plate § Speed</a></div> <p>The eastern part (<a href="/wiki/Australian_plate" title="Australian plate">Australian plate</a>) is moving northward at the rate of 5.6 cm (2.2 in) per year while the western part (<a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a>) is moving only at the rate of 3.7 cm (1.5 in) per year due to the impediment of the Himalayas. In terms of the middle of India and Australia's landmasses, Australia is moving northward at 3 cm (1.2 in) per year relative to India.<sup id="cite_ref-Delescluse2007_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delescluse2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This differential movement has resulted in the compression of the former plate near its centre at Sumatra and the division into the separate Indian and Australian plates again.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Delescluse2012_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delescluse2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A third plate, known as the <a href="/wiki/Capricorn_plate" title="Capricorn plate">Capricorn plate</a>, may also be separating off the western side of the Indian plate as part of the continued breakup of the Indo-Australian plate.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separation">Separation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Australian_plate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Separation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is good evidence that the Indo-Australian plate is in the process of separation into new plates.<sup id="cite_ref-Sager2013_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sager2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4648">: 4648 </span></sup> Recent studies, and evidence from seismic events such as the <a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_Ocean_earthquakes" title="2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes">2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes</a>, suggest that the Indo-Australian plate may have already broken up into two or three separate plates due primarily to stresses induced by the collision of the Indo-Australian plate with Eurasia along what later became the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the <a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_plate" title="Australian plate">Australian plate</a> may have been separate for at least <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=3">3</a> million years ago</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stein2001_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stein2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contemporary models suggest at present there is a deformation zone between the Indian and Australian plates, with both earthquake and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">global satellite navigation system</a> data indicating that India and Australia are not moving on the same vectors northward.<sup id="cite_ref-Delescluse2007_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delescluse2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Delescluse2012_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delescluse2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In due course, some expect a well defined localized boundary to reform between the Indian and Australian plates.<sup id="cite_ref-Yue2012_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yue2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies show the <a href="/wiki/Ninetyeast_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninetyeast Ridge">Ninetyeast Ridge</a> has active faulting along its whole length so that while the simplest explanation is that the Indian and Australian plates have already separated here, it remains possible that only the Capricorn plate has separated from them.<sup id="cite_ref-Sager2013_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sager2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4667">: 4667 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Australian_plate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://austhrutime.com/indo-australian_plate.htm">"The Indo-Australian Plate"</a>. <i>austhrutime.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=austhrutime.com&rft.atitle=The+Indo-Australian+Plate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fausthrutime.com%2Findo-australian_plate.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndo-Australian+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeepSchellart2012" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Keep, Myra; Schellart, Wouter P. (2012). "Introduction to the thematic issue on the evolution and dynamics of the Indo-Australian plate". <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Journal_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Australian Journal of Earth Sciences">Australian Journal of Earth Sciences</a></i>. 59, 2012 (6: THEMATIC ISSUE – Evolution and dynamics of the Indo-Australian plate): 807–808. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AuJES..59..807K">2012AuJES..59..807K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08120099.2012.708360">10.1080/08120099.2012.708360</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128996831">128996831</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+thematic+issue+on+the+evolution+and+dynamics+of+the+Indo-Australian+plate&rft.volume=59%2C+2012&rft.issue=6%3A+THEMATIC+ISSUE+%E2%80%93+Evolution+and+dynamics+of+the+Indo-Australian+plate&rft.pages=807-808&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128996831%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08120099.2012.708360&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012AuJES..59..807K&rft.aulast=Keep&rft.aufirst=Myra&rft.au=Schellart%2C+Wouter+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndo-Australian+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stein2001-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stein2001_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stein2001_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinSellaOkai2002" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Seth; Sella, Giovanni; Okai, Emile A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/public/emile/PDF/EAO147.pdf">"The January 26, 2001 Bhuj Earthquake and the Diffuse Western Boundary of the Indian Plate"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Plate Boundary Zones</i>. Geodynamics Series. American Geophysical Union. pp. 243–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2FGD030p0243">10.1029/GD030p0243</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118670446" title="Special:BookSources/9781118670446"><bdi>9781118670446</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+January+26%2C+2001+Bhuj+Earthquake+and+the+Diffuse+Western+Boundary+of+the+Indian+Plate&rft.btitle=Plate+Boundary+Zones&rft.series=Geodynamics+Series&rft.pages=243-254&rft.pub=American+Geophysical+Union&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2FGD030p0243&rft.isbn=9781118670446&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.au=Sella%2C+Giovanni&rft.au=Okai%2C+Emile+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earth.northwestern.edu%2Fpublic%2Femile%2FPDF%2FEAO147.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndo-Australian+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delescluse2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Delescluse2007_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delescluse2007_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delescluse2007_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delescluse2007_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelescluseChamot-Rooke2007" class="citation journal cs1">Delescluse, Matthias; Chamot-Rooke, Nicolas (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.2006.03181.x">"Instantaneous deformation and kinematics of the India–Australia Plate"</a>. <i>Geophysical Journal International</i>. <b>168</b> (2): 818–842. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007GeoJI.168..818D">2007GeoJI.168..818D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.2006.03181.x">10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03181.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=Instantaneous+deformation+and+kinematics+of+the+India%E2%80%93Australia+Plate&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=818-842&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.2006.03181.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007GeoJI.168..818D&rft.aulast=Delescluse&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft.au=Chamot-Rooke%2C+Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-246X.2006.03181.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndo-Australian+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yue2012-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yue2012_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yue2012_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYueLayKoper2012" class="citation journal cs1">Yue, H.; Lay, T.; Koper, K. (2012). "En échelon and orthogonal fault ruptures of the 11 April 2012 great intraplate earthquakes". <i>Nature</i>. <b>490</b> (7419): 245–249. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.490..245Y">2012Natur.490..245Y</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature11492">10.1038/nature11492</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23023129">23023129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=En+%C3%A9chelon+and+orthogonal+fault+ruptures+of+the+11+April+2012+great+intraplate+earthquakes.&rft.volume=490&rft.issue=7419&rft.pages=245-249&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23023129&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature11492&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Natur.490..245Y&rft.aulast=Yue&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Lay%2C+T.&rft.au=Koper%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndo-Australian+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delescluse2012-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Delescluse2012_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delescluse2012_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delescluse2012_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delescluse2012_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelescluseChamot-RookeCattinFleitout2012" class="citation journal cs1">Delescluse, Matthias; Chamot-Rooke, Nicolas; Cattin, Rodolphe; Fleitout, Luce; Trubienko, Olga; Vigny, Christophe (26 September 2012). "April 2012 intra-oceanic seismicity off Sumatra boosted by the Banda-Aceh megathrust". <i>Nature</i>. <b>490</b> (7419): 240–4. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.490..240D">2012Natur.490..240D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature11520">10.1038/nature11520</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23023134">23023134</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205230868">205230868</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=April+2012+intra-oceanic+seismicity+off+Sumatra+boosted+by+the+Banda-Aceh+megathrust&rft.volume=490&rft.issue=7419&rft.pages=240-4&rft.date=2012-09-26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature11520&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205230868%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23023134&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Natur.490..240D&rft.aulast=Delescluse&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft.au=Chamot-Rooke%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Cattin%2C+Rodolphe&rft.au=Fleitout%2C+Luce&rft.au=Trubienko%2C+Olga&rft.au=Vigny%2C+Christophe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndo-Australian+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528843.500-earth-cracking-up-under-indian-ocean.html">"Earth cracking up under Indian Ocean"</a>. New Scientist. 26 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earth+cracking+up+under+Indian+Ocean&rft.pub=New+Scientist&rft.date=2012-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg21528843.500-earth-cracking-up-under-indian-ocean.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndo-Australian+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegel2012" class="citation news cs1">Siegel, Lee (26 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phys.org/news/2012-09-sumatra-quake-crustal-plate-breakup.html">"Sumatra quake was part of crustal plate breakup: Study shows huge jolt measured 8.7, ripped at least 4 faults"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Phys.Org" class="mw-redirect" title="Phys.Org">Phys.Org</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phys.Org&rft.atitle=Sumatra+quake+was+part+of+crustal+plate+breakup%3A+Study+shows+huge+jolt+measured+8.7%2C+ripped+at+least+4+faults&rft.date=2012-09-26&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2012-09-sumatra-quake-crustal-plate-breakup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndo-Australian+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sager2013-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sager2013_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sager2013_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSagerBullKrishna2013" class="citation journal cs1">Sager, W.W.; Bull, J.M.; Krishna, K.S. (2013). "Active faulting on the Ninetyeast ridge and its relation to deformation of the Indo-Australian plate". <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</i>. <b>118</b> (8): 4648–4668. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JGRB..118.4648S">2013JGRB..118.4648S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjgrb.50319">10.1002/jgrb.50319</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%3A+Solid+Earth&rft.atitle=Active+faulting+on+the+Ninetyeast+ridge+and+its+relation+to+deformation+of+the+Indo-Australian+plate&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=4648-4668&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjgrb.50319&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013JGRB..118.4648S&rft.aulast=Sager&rft.aufirst=W.W.&rft.au=Bull%2C+J.M.&rft.au=Krishna%2C+K.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndo-Australian+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/95/18688.html">"Press Release: An Earth Plate Is Breaking in Two"</a>. Columbia University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release%3A+An+Earth+Plate+Is+Breaking+in+Two&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Fpr%2F95%2F18688.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndo-Australian+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. R. Hillis, R. D. Müller. <i>Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates#Major_plates" title="List of tectonic plates">Major plates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_plate" title="Antarctic plate">Antarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_plate" title="Eurasian plate">Eurasian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indo-Australian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_plate" title="Australian plate">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_plate" title="North American plate">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_plate" title="Pacific plate">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_plate" title="South American plate">South American</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:1.0em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="World map indicating tectonic plate boundaries"><img alt="World map indicating tectonic plate boundaries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg/120px-Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg/180px-Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg/240px-Tectonic_plates_boundaries_World_map_Wt_180degE_centered-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4903" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates#Minor_plates" title="List of tectonic plates">Minor plates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amurian_microplate" title="Amurian microplate">Amurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_plate" title="Arabian plate">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_plate" title="Burma plate">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_plate" title="Caribbean plate">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_plate" title="Caroline plate">Caroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_plate" title="Cocos plate">Cocos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazca_plate" title="Nazca plate">Nazca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides_plate" title="New Hebrides plate">New Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhotsk_microplate" title="Okhotsk microplate">Okhotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea_plate" title="Philippine Sea plate">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_plate" title="Scotia plate">Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_plate" title="Sunda plate">Sunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_plate" title="Yangtze plate">Yangtze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates#Microplates" title="List of tectonic plates">Microplates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_plate" title="Adriatic plate">Adriatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_plate" title="Aegean Sea plate">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_sub-plate" title="Anatolian sub-plate">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Reef_plate" title="Balmoral Reef plate">Balmoral Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea_plate" title="Banda Sea plate">Banda Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Head_plate" title="Bird's Head plate">Bird's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_plate" title="Capricorn plate">Capricorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coiba_plate" title="Coiba plate">Coiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Reef_plate" title="Conway Reef plate">Conway Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_plate" title="Explorer plate">Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuna_plate" title="Futuna plate">Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_microplate" title="Galápagos microplate">Galápagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A2ve_microplate" title="Gonâve microplate">Gonâve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorda_plate" title="Gorda plate">Gorda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_plate" title="Greenland plate">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_plate" title="Halmahera plate">Halmahera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_plate" title="Iberian plate">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Fuca_plate" title="Juan de Fuca plate">Juan de Fuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_plate" title="Juan Fernández plate">Juan Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Plateau" title="Kerguelen Plateau">Kerguelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermadec_plate" title="Kermadec plate">Kermadec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lwandle_plate" title="Lwandle plate">Lwandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_plate" title="Madagascar plate">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpelo_plate" title="Malpelo plate">Malpelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manus_plate" title="Manus plate">Manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoke_plate" title="Maoke plate">Maoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_plate" title="Mariana plate">Mariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea_plate" title="Molucca Sea plate">Molucca Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuafo%27ou_plate" title="Niuafo'ou plate">Niuafo’ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Andes_plate" title="North Andes plate">North Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bismarck_plate" title="North Bismarck plate">North Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Galapagos_microplate" title="North Galapagos microplate">North Galápagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_plate" title="Okinawa plate">Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_plate" title="Panama plate">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelso_plate" title="Pelso plate">Pelso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Mobile_Belt" title="Philippine Mobile Belt">Philippine Mobile Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivera_plate" title="Rivera plate">Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovuma_plate" title="Rovuma plate">Rovuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangihe_plate" title="Sangihe plate">Sangihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles_microcontinent" title="Seychelles microcontinent">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_plate" title="Shetland plate">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea_plate" title="Solomon Sea plate">Solomon Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bismarck_plate" title="South Bismarck plate">South Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sandwich_plate" title="South Sandwich plate">South Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_plate" title="Timor plate">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza_plate" title="Tisza plate">Tisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga_plate" title="Tonga plate">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trobriand_plate" title="Trobriand plate">Trobriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_microplate" title="Victoria microplate">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlark_plate" title="Woodlark plate">Woodlark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates#Ancient_tectonic_plates" title="List of tectonic plates">Ancient plates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_plate" title="Baltic plate">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_plate" title="Bellingshausen plate">Bellingshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcot_plate" title="Charcot plate">Charcot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmeria_(continent)" title="Cimmeria (continent)">Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farallon_plate" title="Farallon plate">Farallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_plate" title="Insular plate">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermontane_plate" title="Intermontane plate">Intermontane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izanagi_plate" title="Izanagi plate">Izanagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula_plate" title="Kula plate">Kula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_terrane" title="Lhasa terrane">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agulhas_Basin" title="Agulhas Basin">Malvinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moa_plate" title="Moa plate">Moa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_plate" title="Phoenix plate">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshiroda_plate" title="Kshiroda plate">Kshiroda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge#List_of_mid-ocean_ridges" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Oceanic ridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Ridge" title="Aden Ridge">Aden Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsberg_Ridge" title="Carlsberg Ridge">Carlsberg Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Indian_Ridge" title="Central Indian Ridge">Central Indian Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_Ridge" title="Chile Ridge">Chile Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocos Ridge">Cocos Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pacific_Rise" title="East Pacific Rise">East Pacific Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_Ridge" title="Explorer Ridge">Explorer Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakkel_Ridge" title="Gakkel Ridge">Gakkel Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands#Geology" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Spreading Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorda_Ridge" title="Gorda Ridge">Gorda Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Fuca_Ridge" title="Juan de Fuca Ridge">Juan de Fuca Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge" title="Mid-Atlantic Ridge">Mid-Atlantic Ridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Knipovich" title="Nikolai Knipovich">Knipovich Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolbeinsey_Ridge" title="Kolbeinsey Ridge">Kolbeinsey Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Plain" title="Greenland Plain">Mohns Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge#Iceland" title="Mid-Atlantic Ridge">Reykjanes Ridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific%E2%80%93Antarctic_Ridge" title="Pacific–Antarctic Ridge">Pacific–Antarctic Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American%E2%80%93Antarctic_Ridge" title="South American–Antarctic Ridge">South American–Antarctic Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Indian_Ridge" title="Southeast Indian Ridge">Southeast Indian Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Indian_Ridge" title="Southwest Indian Ridge">Southwest Indian Ridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge#List_of_ancient_oceanic_ridges" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Ancient oceanic ridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegir_Ridge" title="Aegir Ridge">Aegir Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Ridge" title="Alpha Ridge">Alpha Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic%E2%80%93Phoenix_Ridge" title="Antarctic–Phoenix Ridge">Antarctic–Phoenix Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula%E2%80%93Farallon_Ridge" title="Kula–Farallon Ridge">Kula–Farallon Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Labrador_Ridge" title="Mid-Labrador Ridge">Mid-Labrador Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific%E2%80%93Farallon_Ridge" title="Pacific–Farallon Ridge">Pacific–Farallon Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific%E2%80%93Kula_Ridge" title="Pacific–Kula Ridge">Pacific–Kula Ridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Geology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/16px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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