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Imaginary voyage - Wikipedia

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Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Imaginary voyage</b> is a narrative genre which presents fictious locations in the form of a travel narrative, but has no generally agreed-upon definition.<sup id="cite_ref-Gove_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It has been subdivided into <b>fantastic voyages</b> and <b>realistic voyages</b> depending on the prominence of "marvelous or supernatural elements".<sup id="cite_ref-Gove_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104–105">&#58;&#8202;104–105&#8202;</span></sup> It can be a <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">utopian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirical</a> representation put into a fictional frame of <a href="/wiki/Travel" title="Travel">travel</a> account.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gove_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It has been regarded as a predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stableford_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stableford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaginary_voyage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goeffroy Atkinson suggested as a more detailed subdivision of imaginary voyages published up to 1720:<sup id="cite_ref-Gove_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 93–97">&#58;&#8202;93–97&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Fantastic</i> or <i>Marvellous</i>: characterized by recognizably supernatural elements</li> <li><i>Extaordinary</i>: believable travel accounts distinguished by "geographic realism", but outside "familiar European countries"</li> <li><i>Extra-terrestrial</i></li> <li><i>Satirical</i> or <i>Allegorical</i>: clearly recognizable depictions of concepts rather than foreign geographies</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fiction" title="Subterranean fiction">Subterranean</a></i></li></ul> <p>Sources including later developments of the genre added as types:<sup id="cite_ref-Stableford_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stableford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Time_travel_in_fiction" title="Time travel in fiction">Time travel stories</a>"</li> <li>"Microcosmic romances"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li></ul> <p>Elements of the imaginary voyage can also appear in the <a href="/wiki/Picaresque_novel" title="Picaresque novel">picaresque novel</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Hans_Jakob_Christoffel_von_Grimmelshausen" title="Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen">Grimmelshausen’s</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Simplicius_Simplicissimus" title="Simplicius Simplicissimus">Simplicius Simplicissimus</a></i> (1668), for example, the eponymous hero travels to the centre of the earth and is later stranded on a desert island, both of which are hallmarks of the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-Novak_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novak-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaginary_voyage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_origins">Classical origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaginary_voyage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Classical origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The imaginary voyage is a very archaic narrative technique preceding <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novelistic</a> forms. Two known examples from Greek literature are <a href="/wiki/Euhemerus" title="Euhemerus">Euhemerus</a>' <i>Sacred History</i> and <a href="/wiki/Iambulus" title="Iambulus">Iambulus</a>’ <i>Islands of the Sun</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winston_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winston-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Their utopian islands are apparently modeled from mythological <a href="/wiki/Fortunate_Isles" title="Fortunate Isles">Fortunate Isles</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/True_History" class="mw-redirect" title="True History">True History</a></i> parodizes the whole genre of imaginary voyage, and in his foreword Lucian cites Iambulus as one of objects of parody.<sup id="cite_ref-Winston_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winston-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stableford_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stableford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Keen_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keen-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also foregrounds his work as being a deliberate fabrication: "I will say one thing that is true, and that is that I am a liar".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photius</a> states though in his <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Photius)" title="Bibliotheca (Photius)">Bibliotheca</a> that its main object was <a href="/wiki/Antonius_Diogenes" title="Antonius Diogenes">Antonius Diogenes</a>' <i>The Incredible Wonders Beyond Thule</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Keen_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keen-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a genre blending of fantastic voyage and <a href="/wiki/Greek_romance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek romance">Greek romance</a> which popularized <a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagorean</a> teachings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaginary_voyage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exotic travel writing appeared in the form of wonder books in the medieval West in the 13th century, fantastic tales of imaginary voyages presented as real autobiographical accounts. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Travels_of_Sir_John_Mandeville" class="mw-redirect" title="The Travels of Sir John Mandeville">The Travels of Sir John Mandeville</a></i> (c. 1357) and the <a href="/wiki/Itinerarius_of_Johannes_Witte_de_Hese" title="Itinerarius of Johannes Witte de Hese"><i>Itinerarius</i> of Johannes Witte de Hese</a> (c. 1390) are important representatives of this late medieval tendency.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first to revive this form in the Modern era was <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Utopia_(More_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopia (More book)"><i>Utopia</i></a> (1515), to be followed a century later by proliferation of utopian islands: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Valentinus_Andreae" title="Johannes Valentinus Andreae">Johannes Valentinus Andreae</a>'s <i>Reipublicae Christianopolitanae descriptio</i> (1619), <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_City_of_the_Sun" title="The City of the Sun">The City of the Sun</a></i> (1623), <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/New_Atlantis" title="New Atlantis">New Atlantis</a></i> (1627), <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bidermann" title="Jacob Bidermann">Jacob Bidermann</a>'s <i>Utopia</i> (1640), <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Daniel" title="Gabriel Daniel">Gabriel Daniel</a>'s <i>Voyage du monde de Descartes</i> (1690), François Lefebvre's <i>Relation du voyage de l’isle d’Eutopie</i> (1711), as well as many others. <a href="/wiki/Denis_Vairasse" title="Denis Vairasse">Denis Vairasse</a>' <i>The history of the Sevarambi</i> (1675) and <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_de_Foigny" title="Gabriel de Foigny">Gabriel de Foigny</a>'s <i>La Terre australe connue</i> (1676), which describe voyages to utopian civilisations in Australia, both received popular translations into English.<sup id="cite_ref-Novak_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novak-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lucian's satirical line was exploited by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Gargantua_and_Pantagruel" title="Gargantua and Pantagruel">Gargantua and Pantagruel</a></i> (1532) and developed later on in <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hall_(bishop)" title="Joseph Hall (bishop)">Joseph Hall</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mundus_Alter_et_Idem" title="Mundus Alter et Idem">Mundus Alter et Idem</a></i> (1607), <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_H%C3%A9delin" class="mw-redirect" title="François Hédelin">François Hédelin</a>'s <i>Histoire du temps</i> (1654), <a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrano de Bergerac (writer)">Cyrano de Bergerac</a>'s <i>Histoire comique contenant les États et Empires de la Lune</i> (1657) and <i>Fragments d’histoire comique contenant les États et Empires du Soleil</i> (1662),<sup id="cite_ref-EoSF_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoSF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sorel" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Sorel">Charles Sorel</a>'s <i>Nouvelle Découverte du Royaume de Frisquemore</i> (1662), <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Cavendish" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Cavendish">Margaret Cavendish</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blazing_World" title="The Blazing World">The Blazing World</a></i> (1666), <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Barnes" title="Joshua Barnes">Joshua Barnes</a>' <i>Gerania</i> (1675), <a href="/wiki/Bernard_de_Fontenelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard de Fontenelle">Bernard de Fontenelle</a>'s <i>Relation de l’île de Bornéo</i> (1686), <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>'s <i>The Consolidator</i> (1705), and most notably in <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Gulliver%27s_Travels" title="Gulliver&#39;s Travels">Gulliver's Travels</a></i> (1726). </p><p>While the narratives themselves were romanticised, there was a desire amongst the reading public for real details of the places visited, which the authors would typically derive from works published by real-life explorers. In Francois Rabelais’ <i>Gargantua and Pantagruel</i>, for example, details about a voyage to the New World were derived from the explorer <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Mandeville%27s_Travels" title="Mandeville&#39;s Travels"><i>The Travels of John Mandeville</i></a> borrows details from <a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Odoric of Pordenone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Boldensele" title="Wilhelm von Boldensele">William of Boldensele</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eighteenth_century">Eighteenth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaginary_voyage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Eighteenth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The eighteenth century saw the genre come into particular literary prominence. Written during the major period of imperial expansion and typically set in unexplored regions of the world such as Australasia and the Pacific, these works allowed readers to engage in fantasies of colonisation.<sup id="cite_ref-Arthur_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arthur-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The primary cultural exponents of the imaginary voyages during this period were Defoe's <i>Gulliver's Travels</i> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe" title="Robinson Crusoe">Robinson Crusoe</a></i> (1719), both of which were imitated by other authors. One such imitator, Roger Paltock's <i>The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins</i> (1750), incorporates the latter's scientific realism with the former's fantastical setting.<sup id="cite_ref-Baines_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baines-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In <i>Gulliver’s Travels</i>, the kingdoms visited are distorted but recognisable versions of European societies; "the colonial voyage into alien culture actually serves to revalue one’s own".<sup id="cite_ref-Baines_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baines-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8–9">&#58;&#8202;8–9&#8202;</span></sup> Other journeys to utopian civilisations from this period include Captain Samuel Brunt's <i>A Voyage to Cacklogallinia</i> (1727) and Simon Berington’s <i>The Memoirs of Signor Gaudentio di Lucca</i> (1737)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Tyssot_de_Patot" title="Simon Tyssot de Patot">Simon Tyssot de Patot</a>'s <i>The Travels and Adventures of James Massey</i> (1720), which sees the eponymous protagonist shipwrecked on the pacifistic utopia of Austral Land, is considered one of the sources of <i>Gulliver's Travels</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Novak_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novak-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growing curiosity in exploration during this period led to many publishers printing anonymously-written accounts of voyages deliberately styled to appear as realistic as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By presenting the information as potentially factual it was of greater interest to the reading public than other forms of fiction. A 1750 article in the London-based periodical <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monthly_Review_(London)" title="The Monthly Review (London)">The Monthly Review</a></i> commented that "voyage accounts are generally looked upon as truth [as they have] a much stronger claim to the reader's attention, than the most striking incidents in a novel or romance."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Early critical attention to the imaginary voyage genre primarily involved trying to distinguish whether these accounts were genuine or fabricated. In 1787, Charles Garnier created a thirty-six volume collection of these imaginary voyages entitled <i>Voyages imaginaires, songes, visions et romans cabalistiques</i> in which he attempted to distinguish between the "possible" and "impossible" journeys.<sup id="cite_ref-Arthur_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arthur-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Imaginary voyage has become a natural medium for promoting new astronomic ideas. First literary space flights after Lucian were: Juan Maldonado's <i>Somnium</i> (1541), <a href="/wiki/Johann_Kepler" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Kepler">Johann Kepler</a>'s <i>Somnium</i> (1634), <a href="/wiki/Francis_Godwin" title="Francis Godwin">Francis Godwin</a>'s <i>The Man in the Moone</i> (1638), <a href="/wiki/John_Wilkins" title="John Wilkins">John Wilkins</a>' <i>The Discovery of a World in the Moone</i> (1638), <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a>'s <i>Itinerarium extaticum</i> (1656), David Russen's <i>Iter lunare</i> (1703), <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Torres_Villarroel" title="Diego de Torres Villarroel">Diego de Torres Villarroel</a>'s <i>Viaje fantástico</i> (1723), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eberhard_Christian_Kindermann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eberhard Christian Kindermann (page does not exist)">Eberhard Christian Kindermann</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberhard_Christian_Kindermann" class="extiw" title="de:Eberhard Christian Kindermann">de</a>&#93;</span>'s <i>Die geschwinde Reise auf dem Luftschiff nach der obern Welt</i> (1744) – the first flight to planets, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Paltock" title="Robert Paltock">Robert Paltock</a>'s <i>The life and adventures of Peter Wilkins</i> (1751), <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Microm%C3%A9gas" title="Micromégas">Micromégas</a></i> (1752). This form of the moon voyage narrative typically uses the introduction of ‘the man of the moon’ to comment on the political reality of the author. For example, in Daniel Defoe’s <i>The Consolidator</i> (1705), the flying machine serves as a metaphor for parliament, while in Captain Samuel Brunt's <i>A Voyage to Cacklogallinia</i> (1727) the narrator searches for gold on the moon in an extended reference to the <a href="/wiki/South_Sea_Company" title="South Sea Company">contemporary South Sea Bubble financial crash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baines_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baines-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nineteenth_century_and_beyond">Nineteenth century and beyond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaginary_voyage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Nineteenth century and beyond"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The works of <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a> represented a growing interest in the mechanics of the voyage, rather than the destination. In <i><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a></i> (1870), the dimensions and means of travel of the submarine the Nautilus are described, while similar calculations are referred to in <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Weeks_in_a_Balloon" title="Five Weeks in a Balloon">Five Weeks in a Balloon</a></i> (1863) and <i><a href="/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon" title="From the Earth to the Moon">From the Earth to the Moon</a></i> (1865).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major works of Victorian fantasy such as <a href="/wiki/H._Rider_Haggard" title="H. Rider Haggard">H. Rider Haggard</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/She:_A_History_of_Adventure" title="She: A History of Adventure">She: A History of Adventure</a></i> (1886) and <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Well_at_the_World%27s_End" title="The Well at the World&#39;s End">The Well at the World's End</a></i> can be viewed within the genre of the Imaginary Voyage. Twentieth century inheritors include <a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1900), <a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay_(novelist)" title="David Lindsay (novelist)">David Lindsay</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Voyage_to_Arcturus" title="A Voyage to Arcturus">A Voyage to Arcturus</a></i> (1920), <a href="/wiki/Norton_Juster" title="Norton Juster">Norton Juster</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_Tollbooth" title="The Phantom Tollbooth">The Phantom Tollbooth</a></i> (1961) and <a href="/wiki/Angela_Carter" title="Angela Carter">Angela Carter</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Infernal_Desire_Machines_of_Doctor_Hoffman" title="The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman">The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman</a></i> (1972).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaginary_voyage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Munchausen" title="Baron Munchausen">Baron Munchausen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaginary_voyage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gove-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gove_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gove_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gove_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gove_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gove, Philip Babcock. <i>The Imaginary Voyage in Prose Fiction: A History of Its Criticism and a Guide for Its Study, With an Annotated Check List of 215 Imaginary Voyages from 1700 to 1800</i>, Holland Press, 1961.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latrobejournal.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-41/t1-g-t2.html">Derrick Moors. Imaginary Voyages</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRaleigh1895" class="citation book cs1">Raleigh, Walter (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cVkpwU4nokwC&amp;q=imaginary"><i>The English Novel; Being a Short Sketch of its History from the Earliest Times to the Appearance of </i>Waverley<i><span></span></i></a>. 1895: Scribner. p.&#160;136<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Imaginary voyages and travels cannot, for the most part, be regarded as pure romances; they have generally some ulterior purpose in view, political or satirical.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+English+Novel%3B+Being+a+Short+Sketch+of+its+History+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Appearance+of+Waverley&amp;rft.place=1895&amp;rft.pages=136&amp;rft.pub=Scribner&amp;rft.date=1895&amp;rft.aulast=Raleigh&amp;rft.aufirst=Walter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcVkpwU4nokwC%26q%3Dimaginary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stableford-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stableford_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stableford_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stableford_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStableford2004" class="citation book cs1">Stableford, Brian M. (2004). "Imaginary Voyages". <i>Historical dictionary of science fiction literature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. p.&#160;170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810849389" title="Special:BookSources/9780810849389"><bdi>9780810849389</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Imaginary+Voyages&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+science+fiction+literature&amp;rft.pages=170&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9780810849389&amp;rft.aulast=Stableford&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoSF-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoSF_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fantastic voyage, in: <i>Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</i>, ed. by John Clute, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson1920" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Goeffroy (1920). <i>The Extraordinary Voyage in French Literature before 1700</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Extraordinary+Voyage+in+French+Literature+before+1700&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1920&amp;rft.aulast=Atkinson&amp;rft.aufirst=Goeffroy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson1922" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Goeffroy (1922). <i>The Extraordinary Voyage in French Literature 1700-1720</i>. Paris: Champion.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Extraordinary+Voyage+in+French+Literature+1700-1720&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Champion&amp;rft.date=1922&amp;rft.aulast=Atkinson&amp;rft.aufirst=Goeffroy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Novak-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Novak_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Novak_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Novak_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovak1990" class="citation book cs1">Novak, Maximillan E. (1990). "Gulliver's Travels and the Picaresque Voyage: Some Reflections on the Hazards of Genre Criticism". In Smith, Frederick N. (ed.). <i>The Genres of </i>Gulliver's Travels<i><span></span></i>. London: Associated University Presses. pp.&#160;23–39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Gulliver%27s+Travels+and+the+Picaresque+Voyage%3A+Some+Reflections+on+the+Hazards+of+Genre+Criticism&amp;rft.btitle=The+Genres+of+Gulliver%27s+Travels&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=23-39&amp;rft.pub=Associated+University+Presses&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.aulast=Novak&amp;rft.aufirst=Maximillan+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winston-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winston_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winston_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/backissues/10/winston10art.htm">David Winston. Iambulus' Islands of the Sun and Hellenistic Literary Utopias</a>, in: Science Fiction Studies #10 = Volume 3, Part 3 = November 1976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keen-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keen_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keen_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeen2015" class="citation book cs1">Keen, Anthony (2015). "Mr. Lucian in Suburbia: Links Between the <i>True History</i> and <i>The First Men in the Moon</i>". In Rogers, Brett M.; Stevens, Benjamin Eldon (eds.). <i>Classical Traditions in Science Fiction</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p.&#160;109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199988433" title="Special:BookSources/9780199988433"><bdi>9780199988433</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Mr.+Lucian+in+Suburbia%3A+Links+Between+the+True+History+and+The+First+Men+in+the+Moon&amp;rft.btitle=Classical+Traditions+in+Science+Fiction&amp;rft.pages=109&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=9780199988433&amp;rft.aulast=Keen&amp;rft.aufirst=Anthony&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1983" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Percy G. (1983). <i>Travel Literature and the Evolution of the Novel</i>. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. p.&#160;85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Travel+Literature+and+the+Evolution+of+the+Novel&amp;rft.place=Kentucky&amp;rft.pages=85&amp;rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.aulast=Adams&amp;rft.aufirst=Percy+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2013" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Mary B. (2013). "Travel Writing in Europe and the Mediterranean Region". In Block Friedmann, John; Mossler Figg, Kristen (eds.). <i>Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages</i>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor &amp; Francis">Taylor &amp; Francis</a>. pp.&#160;615–616. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135590949" title="Special:BookSources/9781135590949"><bdi>9781135590949</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Travel+Writing+in+Europe+and+the+Mediterranean+Region&amp;rft.btitle=Trade%2C+Travel%2C+and+Exploration+in+the+Middle+Ages&amp;rft.pages=615-616&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=9781135590949&amp;rft.aulast=Campbell&amp;rft.aufirst=Mary+B.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The World and the Region - Six Centuries of Middle Easter Travel and Related Material Arranged in Chronological Order</i>. Antiquariaat Forum &amp; Antiquariat Inlibris. 2021. pp.&#160;12, 52, 136–137.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+and+the+Region+-+Six+Centuries+of+Middle+Easter+Travel+and+Related+Material+Arranged+in+Chronological+Order&amp;rft.pages=12%2C+52%2C+136-137&amp;rft.pub=Antiquariaat+Forum+%26+Antiquariat+Inlibris&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyrano de Bergerac, in: <i>Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</i>, ed. by John Clute, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adams-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adams_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adams_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1983" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Percy G. (1983). "Chapter 4: Realism and Romanticism: Local Color and Exoticism". <i>Travel Literature and the Evolution of the Novel</i>. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. pp.&#160;103–148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Realism+and+Romanticism%3A+Local+Color+and+Exoticism&amp;rft.btitle=Travel+Literature+and+the+Evolution+of+the+Novel&amp;rft.place=Kentucky&amp;rft.pages=103-148&amp;rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.aulast=Adams&amp;rft.aufirst=Percy+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arthur-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur2008" class="citation journal cs1">Arthur, Paul Longley (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41447880">"Fictions of Encounter: Eighteenth-Century Imaginary Voyages to the Antipodes"</a>. <i>The Eighteenth Century</i>. <b>49</b> (3): 197–210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fecy.0.0014">10.1353/ecy.0.0014</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1885%2F28792">1885/28792</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41447880">41447880</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Eighteenth+Century&amp;rft.atitle=Fictions+of+Encounter%3A+Eighteenth-Century+Imaginary+Voyages+to+the+Antipodes&amp;rft.volume=49&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=197-210&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1885%2F28792&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41447880%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fecy.0.0014&amp;rft.aulast=Arthur&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul+Longley&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41447880&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baines-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baines_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baines_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baines_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaines1995" class="citation book cs1">Baines, Paul (1995). "Able Mechanick: <i>The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins</i> and the Eighteenth Century Fantastic Voyage". In Seed, David (ed.). <i>Anticipations: Essays on Early Science Fiction and its Precursors</i>. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp.&#160;1–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Able+Mechanick%3A+The+Life+and+Adventures+of+Peter+Wilkins+and+the+Eighteenth+Century+Fantastic+Voyage&amp;rft.btitle=Anticipations%3A+Essays+on+Early+Science+Fiction+and+its+Precursors&amp;rft.place=Liverpool&amp;rft.pages=1-26&amp;rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.aulast=Baines&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRees1996" class="citation book cs1">Rees, Christine (1996). "Chapter 4: Utopia overseas: <i>Robinson Crusoe; A General History of the Pyrates; Gaudentio di Lucca; Peter Wilkins</i>". <i>Utopian Imagination and Eighteenth-Century Fiction</i>. Harrow: Longman Group Limited. pp.&#160;73–123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Utopia+overseas%3A+Robinson+Crusoe%3B+A+General+History+of+the+Pyrates%3B+Gaudentio+di+Lucca%3B+Peter+Wilkins&amp;rft.btitle=Utopian+Imagination+and+Eighteenth-Century+Fiction&amp;rft.place=Harrow&amp;rft.pages=73-123&amp;rft.pub=Longman+Group+Limited&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.aulast=Rees&amp;rft.aufirst=Christine&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Boscawen's Voyage to Bombay". <i>Monthly Review</i> (4): 63–64. 1750.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Monthly+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Boscawen%27s+Voyage+to+Bombay&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=63-64&amp;rft.date=1750&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammerton1995" class="citation book cs1">Hammerton, M. (1995). "Verne's Amazing Journeys". In Seed, David (ed.). <i>Anticipations: Essays on Early Science Fiction and its Precursors</i>. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp.&#160;98–111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Verne%27s+Amazing+Journeys&amp;rft.btitle=Anticipations%3A+Essays+on+Early+Science+Fiction+and+its+Precursors&amp;rft.place=Liverpool&amp;rft.pages=98-111&amp;rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.aulast=Hammerton&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStableford1997" class="citation book cs1">Stableford, Brian (1997). "Fantastic Voyages". In Clute, John; Grant, John (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/fe/fantastic_voyages"><i>The Encyclopedia of Fantasy</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Fantastic+Voyages&amp;rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Fantasy&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.aulast=Stableford&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Ffe%2Ffantastic_voyages&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaginary_voyage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshley1997" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Ashley_(writer)" title="Mike Ashley (writer)">Ashley, Mike</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/fe/travellers_tales">"Travellers' Tales"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Grant_(author)" title="John Grant (author)">Grant, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy" title="The Encyclopedia of Fantasy">The Encyclopedia of Fantasy</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Travellers%27+Tales&amp;rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Fantasy&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.aulast=Ashley&amp;rft.aufirst=Mike&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Ffe%2Ftravellers_tales&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStableford1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Stableford, Brian</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scientificromanc00stab/page/18/mode/2up">"Imaginary Voyages"</a>. <i>Scientific Romance in Britain, 1890–1950</i>. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp.&#160;18–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-70305-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-70305-9"><bdi>978-0-312-70305-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Imaginary+Voyages&amp;rft.btitle=Scientific+Romance+in+Britain%2C+1890%E2%80%931950&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=18-23&amp;rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-312-70305-9&amp;rft.aulast=Stableford&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscientificromanc00stab%2Fpage%2F18%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStableford1997" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Stableford, Brian</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/fe/fantastic_voyages">"Fantastic Voyages"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Grant_(author)" title="John Grant (author)">Grant, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy" title="The Encyclopedia of Fantasy">The Encyclopedia of Fantasy</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Fantastic+Voyages&amp;rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Fantasy&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.aulast=Stableford&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Ffe%2Ffantastic_voyages&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestfahl2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Westfahl" title="Gary Westfahl">Westfahl, Gary</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WETPEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA649">"Travel Tales"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Literature_through_History:_An_Encyclopedia" title="Science Fiction Literature through History: An Encyclopedia">Science Fiction Literature through History: An Encyclopedia</a></i>. ABC-CLIO. pp.&#160;649–651. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6617-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6617-3"><bdi>978-1-4408-6617-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Travel+Tales&amp;rft.btitle=Science+Fiction+Literature+through+History%3A+An+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.pages=649-651&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4408-6617-3&amp;rft.aulast=Westfahl&amp;rft.aufirst=Gary&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWETPEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA649&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImaginary+voyage" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaginary_voyage&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latrobejournal.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-41/t1-g-t2.html">Derrick Moors. Imaginary Voyages</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all&#39;italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all&#39;italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all&#39;italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong&#39;an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all&#39;italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all&#39;italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d&#39;art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children&#39;s film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children&#39;s anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman&#39;s film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" 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