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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early editions, formation of Kilobaud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_editions,_formation_of_Kilobaud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_and_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_and_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Growth and change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_and_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_print_publication,_online_shift,_and_demise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_print_publication,_online_shift,_and_demise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>End of print publication, online shift, and demise</span> </div> </a> <ul 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</div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Byte</i> (magazine)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_(revista)" title="Byte (revista) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Byte (revista)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_(Zeitschrift)" title="Byte (Zeitschrift) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Byte (Zeitschrift)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_(revista)" title="Byte (revista) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Byte (revista)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Byte (magazine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_(revista)" title="Byte (revista) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Byte (revista)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8_(%EC%9E%A1%EC%A7%80)" title="바이트 (잡지) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바이트 (잡지)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_(periodico)" title="Byte (periodico) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Byte (periodico)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_(tijdschrift)" title="Byte (tijdschrift) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Byte (tijdschrift)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88_(%E9%9B%91%E8%AA%8C)" title="バイト (雑誌) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バイト (雑誌)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><i><b>Byte</b></i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BYTE_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BYTE_logo.svg/200px-BYTE_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BYTE_logo.svg/300px-BYTE_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BYTE_logo.svg/400px-BYTE_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2065" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byte_Front_Cover_December_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/Byte_Front_Cover_December_1975.jpg/200px-Byte_Front_Cover_December_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0a/Byte_Front_Cover_December_1975.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="362" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Vol 1. no. 4, December 1975</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Categories</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Computer_magazines" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer magazines">Computer magazines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Monthly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UBM_Technology_Group" title="UBM Technology Group">UBM Technology Group</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First issue</th><td class="infobox-data">September 1975<span class="noprint">; 49 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1975-09</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final issue</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1998<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1998-07</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Publishing_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Green Publishing Inc.">Green Publishing Inc.</a></li><li>Byte Publishing Inc.</li><li><a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/CMP_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="CMP Media">CMP Media</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/UBM_plc" title="UBM plc">UBM</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_New_Hampshire" title="Peterborough, New Hampshire">Peterborough, New Hampshire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0360-5280">0360-5280</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Byte</b></i> (stylized as <i><b>BYTE</b></i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputer</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_magazine" title="Computer magazine">magazine</a>, influential in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s because of its wide-ranging editorial coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Scientist_1977_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Scientist_1977-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Byte</i> started in 1975, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/List_of_early_microcomputers" title="List of early microcomputers">first personal computers</a> appeared as kits advertised in the back of electronics magazines. <i>Byte</i> was published monthly, with an initial yearly subscription price of $10. Whereas many magazines were dedicated to specific systems or the home or business user's perspective, <i>Byte</i> covered developments in the entire field of "small computers and software", and sometimes other computing fields such as <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trustworthy_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Trustworthy Computing">high-reliability computing</a>. Coverage was in-depth with much technical detail, rather than user-oriented. </p><p>The company was purchased by <a href="/wiki/McGraw_Hill_Education" title="McGraw Hill Education">McGraw-Hill</a> in 1979, a watershed event that led to the rapid purchase of many of the early computer magazines by larger publishers. By this time the magazine had taken on a more serious <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journal-like</a> atmosphere and began to refer to itself as "the small systems journal". It became an influential publication; <i>Byte</i> was selected as the medium used by <a href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox PARC">Xerox PARC</a> to publicize <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a> in 1981. </p><p>Like many generalist magazines, <i>Byte</i> suffered in the 1990s due to declining advertising sales. McGraw-Hill's publishing arm was sold to <a href="/wiki/UBM_Technology_Group" title="UBM Technology Group">CMP Media</a> in May 1998, and the new owners immediately laid off almost everyone in the magazine arm, ending publication with the already-complete July edition. The associated website continued to draw 600,000 page views a month, prompting the owners to re-open the magazine in a pure online format in 1999. It continued as an online publication until 2009, when it shut down, only to be revived in 2011 and then shut down for good in 2013. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foundation">Foundation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byte_(magazine)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Green" title="Wayne Green">Wayne Green</a> was the editor and publisher of <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur radio</a> magazine <i><a href="/wiki/73_(magazine)" title="73 (magazine)">73</a></i>. In late 1974 and throughout 1975, <i>73</i> published a number of articles on the use of computers, which resulted in a significant response from the readers. The <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a> was announced in January 1975, sparking off intense interest among those working technical fields, including the amateur radio market. Green knew of the Altair because <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">MITS</a> had previously been an advertiser in <i>73</i>. This led Green to begin plans for a magazine dedicated to the newly emerging <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputer</a> market.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInterview20135:30_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInterview20135:30-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, Carl Helmers published a series of six articles that detailed the design and construction of his "Experimenter's Computer System", a personal computer based on the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8008" title="Intel 8008">Intel 8008</a> microprocessor. In January 1975 this became the monthly <i>ECS</i> magazine with 400 subscribers. Green contacted Helmers and proposed starting a new magazine to be known as Byte. The deal was announced in both magazines in May. </p><p>Green's editorial column in the August 1975 issue of <i>73</i> started with this item: </p> <blockquote><p>The response to computer-type articles in <i>73</i> has been so enthusiastic that we here in Peterborough got carried away. On May 25th we made a deal with the publisher of a small (400 circulation) computer hobby magazine to take over as editor of a new publication which would start in August ... <i>Byte</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-73_Magazine_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73_Magazine-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The last issue of <i>ECS</i> was published on 12 May 1975. In June, subscribers were mailed a notice announcing <i>Byte</i> magazine. Helmers wrote to another hobbyist newsletter, <i>Micro-8 Computer User Group Newsletter</i>, and described his new job as editor of <i>Byte</i> magazine: </p> <blockquote><p>I got a note in the mail about two weeks ago from Wayne Green, publisher of '73 Magazine' essentially saying hello and why don't you come up and talk a bit. The net result of a follow up is the decision to create BYTE magazine using the facilities of Green Publishing Inc. I will end up with the editorial focus for the magazine; with the business end being managed by Green Publishing.<sup id="cite_ref-Micro-8_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Micro-8-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>To advertise the new magazine, Green contacted a number of the companies that had been advertising in <i>73</i> and asked for their contact lists. He then sent letters out to these people telling them about the new magazine. This resulted in about 20% of the contacts subscribing, a massive conversion rate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInterview20136:30_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInterview20136:30-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_editions,_formation_of_Kilobaud"><span id="Early_editions.2C_formation_of_Kilobaud"></span>Early editions, formation of Kilobaud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byte_(magazine)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early editions, formation of Kilobaud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just prior to planning <i>Byte</i>, Green had a run-in with the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>. When he told his lawyer that he planned on starting a new magazine, he was advised to put it in someone else's name. He had recently gotten back together with his ex-wife, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Londner_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Londner Green">Virginia Londner Green</a>, who had been listed as the business manager of 73 Inc. since December 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-73_Magazine_1974-12_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73_Magazine_1974-12-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She incorporated <a href="/wiki/Green_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Publishing">Green Publishing</a> in March 1975 to take over publication.<sup id="cite_ref-NH_Incorporation_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH_Incorporation-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first issue of the new magazine was the September 1975 edition. Articles in the first issue included <i>Which Microprocessor For You?</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hal_Chamberlin" title="Hal Chamberlin">Hal Chamberlin</a>, <i>Write Your Own Assembler</i> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Fylstra" title="Dan Fylstra">Dan Fylstra</a> and <i>Serial Interface</i> by <a href="/wiki/Don_Lancaster" title="Don Lancaster">Don Lancaster</a>. Among the more important articles was the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_standard" title="Kansas City standard">Kansas City standard</a> for storing data on <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">cassette tape</a>, which was used by most machines of the era. It included advertisements from <a href="/wiki/Bill_Godbout" title="Bill Godbout">Godbout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">MITS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Processor_Technology" title="Processor Technology">Processor Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/SCELBI" title="SCELBI">SCELBI</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sphere_1" title="Sphere 1">Sphere</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the December 1988 issue,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a continuing feature was <i>Ciarcia's Circuit Cellar</i>, a column in which electronic engineer <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ciarcia" title="Steve Ciarcia">Steve Ciarcia</a> described small projects to modify or attach to a computer. This was later spun off to become the magazine <i>Circuit Cellar</i>, focusing on <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded</a> computer applications.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="While the existence of Circuit Cellar is great, we need an announcement or proof, with dates if possible (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Significant articles in this period included the insertion of <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> drives into <a href="/wiki/S-100_bus" title="S-100 bus">S-100</a> computers, publication of source code for various computer languages (Tiny <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/BASIC_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="BASIC programming language">BASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assemblers</a>), and coverage of the first microcomputer <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP/M_operating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M operating system">CP/M</a>. </p><p>The first four issues were produced in the offices of <i>73</i> and Wayne Green was listed as the publisher. One day in November 1975 Green came back to the office and found that the <i>Byte</i> magazine staff had moved out and taken the January issue with them.<sup id="cite_ref-Folio_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the February 1976 issue, the company changed its name to Byte Publications.<sup id="cite_ref-Byte_catalog_card_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byte_catalog_card-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carl Helmers was a co-owner of Byte Publications.<sup id="cite_ref-Byte_12-1977_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byte_12-1977-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The February issue has a short story about the move; "After a start which reads like a romantic light opera with an episode or two reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Cops" title="Keystone Cops">Keystone Cops</a>, <i>Byte</i> magazine finally has moved into separate offices of its own."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Green was not happy about losing <i>Byte</i> and decided to start a new magazine called <i>Kilobyte</i>. He announced these intentions early, and advertised the upcoming magazine in <i>73</i>, with the goal of shipping the first issue in December 1976 (the January 1977 edition).<sup id="cite_ref-73_Magazine_1976-12_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73_Magazine_1976-12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Byte</i> quickly took out a trademark on "KILOBYTE" as the name for a cartoon series in <i>Byte</i> magazine, and threatened to sue for trademark violations. This forced Green to change the name of the new magazine to <i><a href="/wiki/Kilobaud_Microcomputing_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilobaud Microcomputing (magazine)">Kilobaud</a></i>. There was competition and animosity between Byte Publications and 73 Inc. but both remained in the small town of <a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_New_Hampshire" title="Peterborough, New Hampshire">Peterborough, New Hampshire</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Growth_and_change">Growth and change</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byte_(magazine)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Growth and change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Byte_Magazine_West_Coast_Branch_Office_Costa_Mesa_California_2022.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Byte_Magazine_West_Coast_Branch_Office_Costa_Mesa_California_2022.JPG/220px-Byte_Magazine_West_Coast_Branch_Office_Costa_Mesa_California_2022.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Byte_Magazine_West_Coast_Branch_Office_Costa_Mesa_California_2022.JPG/330px-Byte_Magazine_West_Coast_Branch_Office_Costa_Mesa_California_2022.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Byte_Magazine_West_Coast_Branch_Office_Costa_Mesa_California_2022.JPG/440px-Byte_Magazine_West_Coast_Branch_Office_Costa_Mesa_California_2022.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1344" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption><i>Byte</i> leased an office for one of their West Coast Branch operations in this building in <a href="/wiki/Costa_Mesa,_California" title="Costa Mesa, California">Costa Mesa, California</a> (pictured in 2022).</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 1979, owner/publisher Virginia Williamson (née Londner Green) sold <i>Byte</i> to <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. At the time, <i>Byte'</i>s paid circulation was 156,000 readers, making it second only to <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Business Week">Business Week</a></i> in the McGraw-Hill's technology magazine portfolio.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She remained publisher until 1983 and became a vice president of McGraw-Hill Publications Company. From August 1979, the magazine switched to computerized typesetting, using a <a href="/wiki/Compugraphic" title="Compugraphic">Compugraphic</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a> was introduced, in 1981, the magazine changed editorial policies. It gradually de-emphasized the do-it-yourself electronics and software articles, and began running product reviews. It continued its wide-ranging coverage of hardware and software, but now it reported "what it does" and "how it works", not "how to do it". The editorial focus remained on <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home</a> and <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>. </p><p>By the early 1980s, <i>Byte</i> had become an "elite" magazine, seen as a peer of <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></i>, and others such as <a href="/wiki/David_Bunnell" title="David Bunnell">David Bunnell</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i> aspired to emulate its reputation and success.<sup id="cite_ref-bunnell19820203_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bunnell19820203-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the only computer publication on the 1981 Folio 400 list of largest magazines. <i>Byte</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s 1982 average number of pages was 543, and the number of paid advertising pages grew by more than 1,000 while most magazines' amount of advertising did not change. Its circulation of 420,000 was the third highest of all computer magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19831109_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19831109-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Byte</i> earned $9 million from revenue of $36.6 million in 1983, twice the average profit margin for the magazine industry. It remained successful while many other magazines failed in 1984 during economic weakness in the computer industry. The October 1984 issue had about 300 pages of ads sold at an average of $6,000 per page.<sup id="cite_ref-berg19840908_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berg19840908-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting with the December 1975 issue through September 1990, <i>Byte</i> covers often featured the artwork of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Tinney" title="Robert Tinney">Robert Tinney</a>. These covers made <i>Byte</i> visually distinctive.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, issues featuring cover stories introducing significant hardware such as the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Apple Macintosh</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amiga_1000" title="Amiga 1000">Commodore Amiga</a> featured product photographs on the covers. </p><p>From approximately 1980 to 1985, cartoonist Tom Sloan drew full page multipanel cartoons. They covered various computer/tech related themes. Several of the original cartoons are now in the <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a> in Mountain View, California. </p><p>Around 1985, <i>Byte</i> started an online service called <a href="/wiki/Byte_Information_Exchange" title="Byte Information Exchange">BIX</a> (<i>Byte</i> Information eXchange) which was a text-only <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">BBS-style</a> site running on the <a href="/wiki/CoSy_(computer_conferencing_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="CoSy (computer conferencing system)">CoSy</a> conferencing software,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also used by McGraw-Hill internally.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Access was via local dial-in or, for additional hourly charges, the <a href="/wiki/Tymnet" title="Tymnet">Tymnet</a> <a href="/wiki/X.25" title="X.25">X.25</a> network. Monthly rates were $13/month for the account and $1/hour for X.25 access. Unlike <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a>, access at higher speeds was not surcharged. Later, <a href="/wiki/Gateway_(telecommunications)" title="Gateway (telecommunications)">gateways</a> permitted <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a> communication outside the system. </p><p>By 1990, the magazine was about half an inch (1.25 cm) in thickness and had a subscription price of $56/year. Around 1993, <i>Byte</i> began to develop a <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">web</a> presence. It acquired the domain name byte.com and began to host <a href="/wiki/Discussion_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Discussion board">discussion boards</a> and post selected editorial content. </p><p>Editions were published in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and an Arabic edition was published in Jordan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End_of_print_publication,_online_shift,_and_demise"><span id="End_of_print_publication.2C_online_shift.2C_and_demise"></span>End of print publication, online shift, and demise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byte_(magazine)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: End of print publication, online shift, and demise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The readership of <i>Byte</i> and advertising revenue were declining when McGraw-Hill sold the magazine to <a href="/wiki/CMP_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="CMP Media">CMP Media</a>, a successful publisher of specialized computer magazines, in May 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magazine's editors and writers expected its new owner to revitalize <i>Byte</i>, but CMP ceased publication with the July 1998 issue, laid off all the staff and shut down <i>Byte</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s rather large product-testing lab.<sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times_May_1998_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_May_1998-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times_June_1998_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_June_1998-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Publication of <i>Byte</i> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> continued uninterrupted. The Turkish edition resumed publication after a few years of interruption. The Arabic edition also ended abruptly.<sup id="cite_ref-halfhill_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halfhill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of <i>Byte</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s columnists migrated their writing to personal web sites. One such site was <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> author <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Weblog" class="mw-redirect" title="Weblog">weblog</a> <i>The View From Chaos Manor</i><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> derived from a long-standing column in <i>Byte</i>, describing computers from a <a href="/wiki/Power_user" title="Power user">power user</a>'s point of view. After the closure of <i>Byte</i> magazine, Pournelle's column continued to be published in the Turkish editions of <i>PC World</i>, which was soon renamed as <i>PC Life</i> in Turkey. <i>Nikkei Byte</i>, with the name licensed from McGraw Hill, was the leading computer magazine in Japan, published by <a href="/wiki/Nikkei_Business_Publications" title="Nikkei Business Publications">Nikkei Business Publications</a>. It continued Pournelle's column in translation as a major feature for years after <i>Byte</i> closed in the U.S. </p><p>In 1999, CMP revived <i>Byte</i> as a web-only publication, from 2002 <a href="/wiki/Subscription_business_model" title="Subscription business model">accessible by subscription</a>. It closed in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-halfhill_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halfhill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/UBM_TechWeb" class="mw-redirect" title="UBM TechWeb">UBM TechWeb</a> brought the <i>Byte</i> name back when it officially relaunched <i>Byte</i> as Byte.com on July 11, 2011. According to the site, the mission of the new <i>Byte</i> was: </p> <blockquote><p>...to examine technology in the context of the consumerization of IT. The subject relates closely to important IT issues like security and manageability. It's an issue that reaches both IT and users, and it's an issue where both groups need to listen carefully to the requirements of the other: IT may wish to hold off on allowing devices and software onto the network when they haven't been properly tested and can't be properly supported. But the use of these devices in the enterprise has the air of inevitability for a good reason. They make users more productive and users are demanding them.<sup id="cite_ref-infow_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infow-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Byte.com launch editor-in-chief was tech journalist <a href="/wiki/Gina_Smith_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gina Smith (author)">Gina Smith</a>. On September 26, 2011, Smith was replaced by Larry Seltzer. In January 2012 American <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">horror</a> <a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">author</a> <a href="/wiki/F._Paul_Wilson" title="F. Paul Wilson">F. Paul Wilson</a> began writing for byte.com, mostly in the persona of his best-known character <a href="/wiki/Repairman_Jack" title="Repairman Jack">Repairman Jack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-infow_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infow-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Byte.com closed in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byte_(magazine)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byte_(magazine)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-New_Scientist_1977-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_Scientist_1977_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFValery1977" class="citation magazine cs1">Valery, Nicholas (May 19, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rt5VRWY4aR8C&pg=PA405">"Spare a byte for the family"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></i>. Vol. 74, no. 1052. London: Reed Business Information. pp. 405–406. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0262-4079">0262-4079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Spare+a+byte+for+the+family&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1052&rft.pages=405-406&rft.date=1977-05-19&rft.issn=0262-4079&rft.aulast=Valery&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRt5VRWY4aR8C%26pg%3DPA405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span> "<i>Byte</i> magazine, the leading publication serving the homebrew market ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInterview20135:30-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInterview20135:30_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFInterview2013">Interview 2013</a>, 5:30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73_Magazine-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73_Magazine_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1975" class="citation journal cs1">Green, Wayne (August 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/73-magazine-1975-08">"Never Say Die"</a>. <i>73 Amateur Radio</i> (179): 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=73+Amateur+Radio&rft.atitle=Never+Say+Die&rft.issue=179&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1975-08&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F73-magazine-1975-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Micro-8-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Micro-8_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingerJohn_Craig1975" class="citation journal cs1">Singer, Hal; John Craig (June 27, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jkearney.com/8008/">"News"</a>. <i>Micro-8 Computer User Group Newsletter</i>. <b>1</b> (8). Lompoc, CA: Cabrillo Computer Center: 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Micro-8+Computer+User+Group+Newsletter&rft.atitle=News&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1975-06-27&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft.au=John+Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jkearney.com%2F8008%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/File:Micro-8_June_27_1975.png" title="File:Micro-8 June 27 1975.png">File:Micro-8 June 27 1975.png</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInterview20136:30-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInterview20136:30_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFInterview2013">Interview 2013</a>, 6:30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73_Magazine_1974-12-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73_Magazine_1974-12_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1974" class="citation journal cs1">Green, Wayne (December 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/73-magazine-1974-12">"73 Staff"</a>. <i>73 Amateur Radio</i> (179): 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=73+Amateur+Radio&rft.atitle=73+Staff&rft.issue=179&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1974-12&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F73-magazine-1974-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span> Virginia Londner Green is listed as Business Manager.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NH_Incorporation-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NH_Incorporation_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928012649/https://www.sos.nh.gov/corporate/soskb/Corp.asp?508677">"Business Name History"</a>. <i>BYTE Publications and Green Publishing</i>. New Hampshire Corporate Division. December 27, 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.nh.gov/corporate/soskb/Corp.asp?508677">the original</a> on September 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BYTE+Publications+and+Green+Publishing&rft.atitle=Business+Name+History&rft.date=1996-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.nh.gov%2Fcorporate%2Fsoskb%2FCorp.asp%3F508677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span> Green Publishing, Inc. was incorporated on March 7, 1975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vintageapple.org/byte/pdf/197509_Byte_Magazine_Vol_00-01_The_Worlds_Greatest_Toy.pdf">"Cover"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Byte</i>. September 1975.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byte&rft.atitle=Cover&rft.date=1975-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvintageapple.org%2Fbyte%2Fpdf%2F197509_Byte_Magazine_Vol_00-01_The_Worlds_Greatest_Toy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiarcia1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ciarcia" title="Steve Ciarcia">Ciarcia, Steve</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fBuiNpYlyHcC&pg=PP11"><i>Ciarcia's Circuit Cellar</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. p. ix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-010969-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-010969-9"><bdi>0-07-010969-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ciarcia%27s+Circuit+Cellar&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-07-010969-9&rft.aulast=Ciarcia&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfBuiNpYlyHcC%26pg%3DPP11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Folio-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Folio_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson1985" class="citation magazine cs1">Carlson, Walter (January 1985). "Green: a shade ahead of the market – Wayne Green". <i>Folio: The Magazine for Magazine Management</i>. <q>Green relates that when he arrived at the office one day in November 1975, when the fifth issue was in the works, he found that everything had been moved out--the shoeboxes, the back issues, the articles and the bank account--by his general manager, who also happened to be his first wife, from whom he was divorced in 1965.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folio%3A+The+Magazine+for+Magazine+Management&rft.atitle=Green%3A+a+shade+ahead+of+the+market+%E2%80%93+Wayne+Green&rft.date=1985-01&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Byte_catalog_card-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Byte_catalog_card_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Copyright catalogs at the Library of Congress for <a href="/wiki/File:Copyright_Byte_2.jpg" title="File:Copyright Byte 2.jpg">Byte magazine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Byte_12-1977-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Byte_12-1977_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1977-12">"Statement of Ownership, Management and Circulation"</a>. <i>Byte</i>. <b>2</b> (12). Peterborough, NH: Byte Publications: 184. December 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byte&rft.atitle=Statement+of+Ownership%2C+Management+and+Circulation&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=184&rft.date=1977-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyte-magazine-1977-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span> Virginia Peschke and Carl Helmers are the owners of Byte Publications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1976-02/page/n15">"Our New Offices"</a>. <i>Byte</i>. February 1976. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byte&rft.atitle=Our+New+Offices&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1976-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyte-magazine-1976-02%2Fpage%2Fn15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73_Magazine_1976-12-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73_Magazine_1976-12_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/73-magazine-1976-12/12_December_1976#page/n119/mode/2up">"All About kilobyte"</a>. <i>73 Amateur Radio</i> (194): 118–119. December 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=73+Amateur+Radio&rft.atitle=All+About+kilobyte&rft.issue=194&rft.pages=118-119&rft.date=1976-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2F73-magazine-1976-12%2F12_December_1976%23page%2Fn119%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span> Two page ad describing the new KILOBYTE magazine.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelmers1979" class="citation journal cs1">Helmers, Carl (July 1979). "The More Things Change, The More They Stay The Same...". <i>BYTE</i>. <b>4</b> (7): 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=The+More+Things+Change%2C+The+More+They+Stay+The+Same...&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1979-07&rft.aulast=Helmers&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelmers1979" class="citation journal cs1">Helmers, Carl (August 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1979-08">"Notes on the Appearance of BYTE..."</a> <i>BYTE</i>. <b>4</b> (8): 158–159.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+Appearance+of+BYTE...&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=158-159&rft.date=1979-08&rft.aulast=Helmers&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyte-magazine-1979-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bunnell19820203-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bunnell19820203_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunnell,_David1982" class="citation news cs1">Bunnell, David (February–March 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w_OhaFDePS4C&pg=PA10">"Flying Upside Down"</a>. <i>PC Magazine</i>. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=Flying+Upside+Down&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1982-02%2F1982-03&rft.au=Bunnell%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw_OhaFDePS4C%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19831109-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt19831109_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/09/business/boom-in-computer-magazines.html">"Boom in Computer Magazines"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 9, 1983<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Computer+Magazine+Glut&rft.date=1984-09-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Eric+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F09%2F08%2Fbusiness%2Fthe-computer-magazine-glut.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2006" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Benj (September 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/169/vcg-interview-robert-tinney-microcomputer-illustration-pioneer">"VC&G Interview: Robert Tinney, BYTE Cover Artist and Microcomputer Illustration Pioneer"</a>. <i>Vintage Computing and Gaming</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220702030637/https://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/169/vcg-interview-robert-tinney-microcomputer-illustration-pioneer">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vintage+Computing+and+Gaming&rft.atitle=VC%26G+Interview%3A+Robert+Tinney%2C+BYTE+Cover+Artist+and+Microcomputer+Illustration+Pioneer&rft.date=2006-09-26&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Benj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vintagecomputing.com%2Findex.php%2Farchives%2F169%2Fvcg-interview-robert-tinney-microcomputer-illustration-pioneer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCocivera,_Mary1985" class="citation news cs1">Cocivera, Mary (June 20, 1985). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'BYTE' magazine goes for CoSy". <i>Guelph University News Bulletin</i>. University of Guelph Information Services. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0229-2378">0229-2378</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guelph+University+News+Bulletin&rft.atitle=%27BYTE%27+magazine+goes+for+CoSy&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1985-06-20&rft.issn=0229-2378&rft.au=Cocivera%2C+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeeks1985" class="citation magazine cs1">Meeks, Brock (December 1985). "An Overview of Conferencing Systems". <i>Byte</i>. Vol. 10, no. 13. pp. 169–184. <q>The CoSy conferencing system at Guelph formally went on line in April of 1983. 'We started charging people real money for the service in the fall of 1984,' said Mayer.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byte&rft.atitle=An+Overview+of+Conferencing+Systems&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=169-184&rft.date=1985-12&rft.aulast=Meeks&rft.aufirst=Brock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/cmp-media-inc-history/">"CMP Media Inc. History"</a>. Funding Universe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CMP+Media+Inc.+History&rft.pub=Funding+Universe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundinguniverse.com%2Fcompany-histories%2Fcmp-media-inc-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY_Times_May_1998-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NY_Times_May_1998_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"McGraw-Hill to Sell Information Group to CMP Media". <i>The New York Times</i>. Reuters. May 6, 1998. p. D.3. <q>The McGraw-Hill Companies agreed yesterday to sell its Information Technology and Communications Group, which includes <i>Byte</i> and other computer magazines, to CMP Media Inc. for $28.6 million.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=McGraw-Hill+to+Sell+Information+Group+to+CMP+Media&rft.pages=D.3&rft.date=1998-05-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY_Times_June_1998-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NY_Times_June_1998_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNapoli1998" class="citation news cs1">Napoli, Lisa (June 1, 1998). "New Owners of Byte Suspend Publication". <i>The New York Times</i>. p. D.4. <q>Byte's circulation has fallen to a recent average of 442,553 from 522,795 in 1996. Advertising has also fallen. In January, for example, Byte published only 61.5 ad pages, less than half the number of pages the magazine had in 1996.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Owners+of+Byte+Suspend+Publication&rft.pages=D.4&rft.date=1998-06-01&rft.aulast=Napoli&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-halfhill-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-halfhill_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-halfhill_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.halfhill.com/bytefaq.html">Tom's Unofficial <i>Byte</i> FAQ:The Death of <i>Byte</i> Magazine</a>, by former <i>Byte</i> journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_R._Halfhill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom R. Halfhill (page does not exist)">Tom R. Halfhill</a>, on his personal website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerrypournelle.com/">"The View From Chaos Manor"</a>. <i>Jerry Pournelle</i>. June 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerry+Pournelle&rft.atitle=The+View+From+Chaos+Manor&rft.date=2011-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerrypournelle.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infow-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-infow_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-infow_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/byte/authors/7130">"Byte: Consumer Technology in Business"</a>. <i>Informationweek</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Informationweek&rft.atitle=Byte%3A+Consumer+Technology+in+Business&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fbyte%2Fauthors%2F7130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCracken2013" class="citation web cs1">McCracken, Harry (July 11, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techland.time.com/2013/07/11/pcworld-exits-print-and-the-era-of-computer-magazines-ends">"PCWorld Exits Print, and the Era of Computer Magazines Ends"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Technologizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Technologizer">Technologizer</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220702022920/https://techland.time.com/2013/07/11/pcworld-exits-print-and-the-era-of-computer-magazines-ends/">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Technologizer&rft.atitle=PCWorld+Exits+Print%2C+and+the+Era+of+Computer+Magazines+Ends&rft.date=2013-07-11&rft.aulast=McCracken&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechland.time.com%2F2013%2F07%2F11%2Fpcworld-exits-print-and-the-era-of-computer-magazines-ends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byte_(magazine)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInterview2013" class="citation interview cs1">Green, Wayne (January 29, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/WayneGreenInterview">"Wayne Green Interview"</a> (Interview). Interviewed by Kevin Savetz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wayne+Green+Interview&rft.date=2013-01-29&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FWayneGreenInterview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byte_(magazine)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanadeNash1994" class="citation book cs1">Ranade, Jay; Nash, Alan (1994). <i>The Best of </i>Byte<i><span></span></i>. New York: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-051344-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-051344-9"><bdi>0-07-051344-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28708875">28708875</a>. xiv + 641 pp.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+of+Byte&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28708875&rft.isbn=0-07-051344-9&rft.aulast=Ranade&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.au=Nash%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByte+%28magazine%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byte_(magazine)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Byte_(magazine)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Byte (magazine)">Byte (magazine)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine">Byte</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.devili.iki.fi/library/publication/10.en.html">HomeLib</a> Online index for early issues of <i>Byte</i> by Sami Rautiainen</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/169">"VC&G Interview: Robert Tinney, <i>Byte</i> Cover Artist and Microcomputer Illustration Pioneer"</a>—Vintage Computing and Gaming</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malus.exotica.org.uk/~buzz/byte/">BYTE magazine scans in PDF</a> and JPEG</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://empichon72.free.fr/revues/byte/sommaires_byte.php">Byte magazine (1975–1998)</a>—Online index of articles and covers <span class="languageicon">(in French and English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vintageapple.org/byte/">Vintage <i>Byte</i> Magazine Library</a>—Complete collection of scanned <i>Byte</i> magazines from 1975 to 1998 at Vintage Apple</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://circuitcellar.com">Circuit Cellar</a> Spinoff magazine from a <i>Byte</i> column.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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