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[o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div 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id="toc-Prehistoric_to_classical_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoric_to_classical_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prehistoric to classical history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoric_to_classical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feudal_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feudal_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Feudal era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feudal_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Modern era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Biodiversity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Law enforcement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture_and_fishery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture_and_fishery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Agriculture and fishery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture_and_fishery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Industry and services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Science and technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Art and architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Literature and philosophy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Holidays </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Japan</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 324 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-324" aria-hidden="true" > 324 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeupang" title="Jeupang – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jeupang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Японие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Японие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јопон – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Јопон" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Алтай тил</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95" title="ጃፓን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጃፓን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapaan" title="Jaapaan – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jaapaan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapan" title="Iapan – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iapan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Иапониа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Иапониа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اليابان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اليابان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chap%C3%B3n" title="Chapón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chapón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%A2" title="ܝܦܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܦܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ճափոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճափոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xap%C3%B3n" title="Xapón – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xapón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hap%C3%B5" title="Hapõ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hapõ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihun" title="Nihun – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Nihun" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="ژاپون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژاپون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn" title="Ji̍t-pún – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ji̍t-pún" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཉི་ཧོང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཉི་ཧོང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Япон Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Япон Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Japó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Japonsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapan" title="Chapan – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Chapan" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="الجاپون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الجاپون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1hpan" title="Jáhpan – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Jáhpan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%95%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="ޖަޕާނު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖަޕާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1daa%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japa%C5%84ska" title="Japańska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Japańska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93" title="ཇ་པཱན – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཇ་པཱན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιαπωνία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιαπωνία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giap%C3%B2%E1%B9%85" title="Giapòṅ – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Giapòṅ" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Япония Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Япония Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanio" title="Japanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Japanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86" title="ژاپن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژاپن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjapon" title="Gjapon – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjapon" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeap%C3%A1in" title="An tSeapáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeapáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87hapaan" title="Yn Çhapaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çhapaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iapan" title="An Iapan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Iapan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xap%C3%B3n" title="Xapón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xapón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A4%D9%86" title="ژاپؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ژاپؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="જાપાન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જાપાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जपान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जपान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn" title="Ngi̍t-pún – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngi̍t-pún" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8x%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B3" title="Ниxуудин Нутг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ниxуудин Нутг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8" title="일본 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일본" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C4%81pana" title="Iāpana – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Iāpana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ճապոնիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճապոնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanska" title="Japanska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Japanska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japangi" title="Japangi – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Japangi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%94%AD%E1%90%B9%E1%93%90" title="ᔭᐹᓐ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᔭᐹᓐ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippan" title="Nippan – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nippan" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJapani" title="IJapani – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJapani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJaphani" title="IJaphani – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IJaphani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="יפן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יפן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sap%C9%94%C5%8B" title="Sapɔŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sapɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಪಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಪಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Джапония – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джапония" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იაპონია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იაპონია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B2%C5%84sk%C3%B4" title="Japòńskô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Japòńskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жапония – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жапония" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon" title="Nihon – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nihon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuyapani" title="Ubuyapani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuyapani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon" title="Yapon – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Yapon" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipona" title="Nipona – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Nipona" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жапония – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жапония" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapan" title="Iapan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iapan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoneja" title="Japoneja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Japoneja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaponia" title="Iaponia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iaponia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C4%81na" title="Japāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Japāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonija" title="Japonija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Japonija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappon" title="Giappon – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Giappon" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zap%C9%94%CC%81" title="Zapɔ́ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zapɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nion" title="Nion – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nion" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japounii" title="Japounii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Japounii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pongu%27e" title="pongu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pongu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapon" title="Giapon – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giapon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n" title="Japán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppang" title="Jeppang – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Jeppang" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јапонија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јапонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A0na" title="Japàna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Japàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ജപ്പാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജപ്പാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0appun" title="Ġappun – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġappun" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipono" title="Nipono – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Nipono" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जपान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जपान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იაპონია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იაპონია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اليابان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليابان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="جاپون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جاپون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jepun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯄꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯄꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ADk-bu%C5%8Dng" title="Nĭk-buōng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nĭk-buōng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Японмастор – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Японмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂျပန်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျပန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap%C4%81n" title="Capān – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Capān" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cree" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%97%DF%AD%DF%8A%DF%94%DF%90%DF%B2%DF%AB" title="ߗ߭ߊߔߐ߲߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߗ߭ߊߔߐ߲߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Ипнойчоь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ипнойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Японий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Японий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଜାପାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜାପାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaappaan" title="Jaappaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Jaappaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜਪਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਪਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ripon" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဂျပန်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂျပန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ниппон – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ниппон" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ជប៉ុន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជប៉ុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapon" title="Giapon – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Giapon" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dripun" title="Dripun – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Dripun" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pinayuanan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siapan" title="Siapan – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Siapan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιαπωνία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιαπωνία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o" title="Japão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Japão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81p%C5%8Dn%C4%93" title="Tāpōnē – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tāpōnē" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapun" title="Giapun – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Giapun" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihun" title="Nihun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nihun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дьоппуон – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьоппуон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipun" title="Zipun – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Zipun" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapani" title="Iapani – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Iapani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="जपान् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जपान्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zap%C3%B6o" title="Zapöo – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Zapöo" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapone" title="Giapone – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Giapone" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Tunux" title="Tanah Tunux – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Tanah Tunux" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappuni" title="Giappuni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giappuni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ජපානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජපානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJaphani" title="IJaphani – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IJaphani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Japonsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonska" title="Japonska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Japonska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%96%D0%BF%D1%A1%D0%BD%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Ꙗпѡнїꙗ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙗпѡнїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C5%AF%C5%84ijo" title="Japůńijo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Japůńijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabaan" title="Jabaan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jabaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%86" title="ژاپۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژاپۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Јапан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јапан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="யப்பான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யப்பான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapan" title="Yapan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Yapan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇပၢၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇပၢၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipun" title="Gipun – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Gipun" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="జపాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జపాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaun" title="Japaun – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Japaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศญี่ปุ่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศญี่ปุ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95" title="ጃፓን – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ጃፓን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷопон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷопон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siapani" title="Siapani – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Siapani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A3%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8F" title="ᏣᏩᏂᏏ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏣᏩᏂᏏ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಪಾನ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜಪಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Japonya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Daponi%C3%BDa" title="Ýaponiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýaponiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%CC%B1pan" title="Ja̱pan – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ja̱pan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8D%E1%A8%9B%E1%A8%84%CC%8C" title="ᨍᨛᨄ̌ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨍᨛᨄ̌" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ياپونىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ياپونىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyiedbonj" title="Nyiedbonj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nyiedbonj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonii" title="Japonii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Japonii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3n" title="Nhật Bản – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhật Bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap%C3%A4n" title="Yapän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yapän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djapon" title="Djapon – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djapon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapo%C5%8B" title="Sapoŋ – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sapoŋ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F" title="יאפאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאפאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Japonya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japuon%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Japuonėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Japuonėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipun" title="Gipun – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Gipun" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bajau Sama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Jepun" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jipun" title="Jipun – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jipun" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-igl mw-list-item"><a href="https://igl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Igala" lang="igl" hreflang="igl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Igala" data-language-local-name="Igala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jopang" title="Jopang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jopang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Japan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Japan (disambiguation)">Japan (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nihon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nihon (disambiguation)">Nihon (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nippon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nippon (disambiguation)">Nippon (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/JPN_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="JPN (disambiguation)">JPN (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Japan</div><div class="ib-country-names">日本国 (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>) Nihon-koku or Nippon-koku</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Japan"><img alt="Centered deep red circle on a white rectangle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/188px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial Seal[a] of Japan"><img alt="Golden circle subdivided by golden wedges with rounded outer edges and thin black outlines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/85px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/128px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/170px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan" title="Imperial Seal of Japan">Imperial Seal</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem:  君が代 ("<a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a>") "His Imperial Majesty's Reign"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="59" data-mwtitle="Kimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Kimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=sq&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sq" label="shqip ‪(sq)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski ‪(sr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=sv&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sv" label="svenska ‪(sv)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=ta&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ta" label="தமிழ் ‪(ta)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=to&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="to" label="lea faka-Tonga ‪(to)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=tt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tt" label="татарча / tatarça ‪(tt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=uz&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uz" label="oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ‪(uz)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=yue&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="yue" label="粵語 ‪(yue)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/State_Seal_of_Japan" title="State Seal of Japan">State Seal</a>: 大日本國璽 (Dai Nihon Kokuji) "National Seal of Greater Japan"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><a href="/wiki/File:Gyomei_kokuji.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the State of Japan"><img alt="Seal of the State of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Gyomei_kokuji.svg/80px-Gyomei_kokuji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Gyomei_kokuji.svg/120px-Gyomei_kokuji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Gyomei_kokuji.svg/160px-Gyomei_kokuji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="190" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Projection of Asia with Japan's Area colored green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="536" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Location of Japan</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_of_Japan" title="Territorial disputes of Japan">Territory claimed but not controlled</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Japan&params=35_41_N_139_46_E_type:city">35°41′N 139°46′E / 35.683°N 139.767°E / 35.683; 139.767</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recognised national languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> (de facto)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recognised regional languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-lang">Unrecognized regional languages</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan languages</a> <a href="/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D_language" title="Hachijō language">Hachijō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary constitutional monarchy">parliamentary constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Councillors (Japan)">House of Councillors</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">Formation</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Constitution" title="Meiji Constitution">Meiji Constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">November 29, 1890</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Current constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">May 3, 1947</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">377,975 km2 (145,937 sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-area-2019-5">[4]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">62nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.4<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Japan" title="Demographics of Japan">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• March 1, 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 123,970,000<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">11th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2020 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 126,146,099<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">330/km2 (854.7/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">44th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $6.572 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.JP-8">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">4th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $53,059<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.JP-8">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">34th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $4.070 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.JP-8">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">4th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $32,859<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.JP-8">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">30th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2018)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 33.4<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.920<a href="#cite_note-HDI-10">[9]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">24th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="¥">¥</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+09:00 (<a href="/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time" title="Japan Standard Time">JST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Japan" title="Telephone numbers in Japan">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Japan" title="Telephone numbers in Japan">+81</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:JP" title="ISO 3166-2:JP">JP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.jp" title=".jp">.jp</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Japan<a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island country</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> off the northeast coast of the <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian mainland</a>, and is bordered on the west by the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a> and extends from the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a> in the north to the <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a> in the south. The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Japanese archipelago</a> consists of four major islands—<a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a>—and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Japan" title="List of islands of Japan">thousands of smaller islands</a>, covering 377,975 square kilometres (145,937 sq mi). Japan has a population of nearly 124 million as of 2024, and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">eleventh-most populous country</a>. <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Japan" title="Capital of Japan">Its capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Japan" title="List of cities in Japan">largest city</a> is <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Greater Tokyo Area</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">largest metropolitan area</a> in the world, with more than 38 million inhabitants as of 2016. Japan is divided into 47 <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">administrative prefectures</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Japan" title="List of regions of Japan">eight traditional regions</a>. About three-quarters of <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">the country's terrain</a> is mountainous and heavily forested, concentrating <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Japan">its agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urbanization_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanization by country">highly urbanized population</a> along its eastern <a href="/wiki/Coastal_plain" title="Coastal plain">coastal plains</a>. The country sits on the Pacific <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a>, making its islands prone to destructive <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">earthquakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunamis</a>. The first known habitation of the archipelago dates to the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a>, with the beginning <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Paleolithic" title="Japanese Paleolithic">Japanese Paleolithic</a> dating to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 36,000 BC. Between the fourth and sixth centuries, its kingdoms were united under <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">an emperor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nara_(city)" title="Nara (city)">Nara</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Heian-ky%C5%8D" title="Heian-kyō">Heian-kyō</a>. From the 12th century, actual power was held by military dictators (<a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">shōgun</a>) and feudal lords (<a href="/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo">daimyō</a>), and enforced by warrior nobility (<a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a>). After rule by the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Ashikaga shogunates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">a century of warring states</a>, Japan was unified in 1600 by the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>, which implemented <a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">an isolationist foreign policy</a>. In 1853, <a href="/wiki/Perry_Expedition" title="Perry Expedition">a United States fleet</a> forced Japan to <a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">open trade to the West</a>, which led to the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">end of the shogunate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">restoration of imperial power</a> in 1868. In the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji period</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> pursued rapid <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modernization_theory" title="Modernization theory">modernization</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">militarism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">overseas colonization</a>. In 1937, Japan <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">invaded China</a>, and in 1941 <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attacked the United States</a> and European colonial powers, entering <a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">World War II</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis power</a>. After suffering defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">two atomic bombings</a>, Japan <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrendered</a> in 1945 and <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">came under Allied occupation</a>. After the war, the country underwent <a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">rapid economic growth</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Lost_Decades" title="Lost Decades">its economy has stagnated since 1990</a>. Japan is a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> legislature, the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great power</a> and the only Asian member of the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a>, Japan has constitutionally <a href="/wiki/Article_9_of_the_Japanese_Constitution" title="Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution">renounced its right to declare war</a>, but maintains <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">one of the world's strongest militaries</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed country</a> with one of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">largest economies by nominal GDP</a>, Japan <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="Science and technology in Japan">is a global leader in science and technology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">automotive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_robotics" title="Japanese robotics">robotics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Electronics industry in Japan">electronics industries</a>. It has one of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">highest life expectancies</a>, though it is undergoing <a href="/wiki/Aging_of_Japan" title="Aging of Japan">a population decline</a>. <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Japan's culture</a> is well known around the world, including <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">its art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese cinema">film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_popular_culture" title="Japanese popular culture">popular culture</a>, which includes prominent <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">comics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">animation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Japan" title="Video games in Japan">video game</a> industries. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Japan" title="Names of Japan">Names of Japan</a></div> The name for Japan in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> is written using the <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> 日本 and is pronounced Nihon or Nippon.<a href="#cite_note-schreiber-13">[11]</a> Before 日本 was adopted in the early 8th century, the country was known in China as <a href="/wiki/Wa_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wa (Japan)">Wa</a> (倭, changed in Japan around 757 to 和) and in Japan by the <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonym</a> <a href="/wiki/Yamato_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yamato (disambiguation)">Yamato</a>.<a href="#cite_note-carr-14">[12]</a> Nippon, the original <a href="/wiki/Sino-Japanese_reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Japanese reading">Sino-Japanese reading</a> of the characters, is favored for official uses, including on <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Japanese_yen" title="Banknotes of the Japanese yen">Japanese banknotes</a> and postage stamps.<a href="#cite_note-schreiber-13">[11]</a> Nihon is typically used in everyday speech and reflects shifts in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-carr-14">[12]</a> The characters 日本 mean "sun origin",<a href="#cite_note-schreiber-13">[11]</a> which is the source of the popular Western <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> "Land of the Rising Sun".<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> The name "Japan" is based on <a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu Chinese</a> pronunciations of 日本 and was introduced to European languages through early trade.<a href="#cite_note-Mancall-16">[14]</a> In the 13th century, <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> recorded the <a href="/wiki/Early_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Mandarin">Early Mandarin</a> Chinese pronunciation of the characters 日本國 as Cipangu.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> The old <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> name for Japan, Japang or Japun, was borrowed from a southern coastal Chinese dialect and encountered by <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> traders in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, who brought the word to Europe in the early 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> The first version of the name in English appears in a book published in 1577, which spelled the name as Giapan in a translation of a 1565 Portuguese letter.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mancall-16">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History of Japan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Japanese_history" title="Timeline of Japanese history">Timeline of Japanese history</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoric_to_classical_history">Prehistoric to classical history</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Jimmu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg/170px-Emperor_Jimmu.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg/255px-Emperor_Jimmu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg/340px-Emperor_Jimmu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="1807" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">Legendary</a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Emperor Jimmu</a> (神武天皇, Jinmu-tennō)</figcaption></figure> Modern humans arrived in Japan around 38,000 years ago (~36,000 BC), marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Paleolithic" title="Japanese Paleolithic">Japanese Paleolithic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> This was followed from around 14,500 BC (the start of the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon period</a>) by a <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> semi-sedentary <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> culture characterized by <a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">pit dwelling</a> and rudimentary agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Clay vessels</a> from the period are among the oldest surviving examples of pottery.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Yayoi_people" title="Yayoi people">Yayoi people</a> entered the archipelago from the Korean Peninsula,<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yayoi_culture-25">[23]</a> intermingling with the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_people" title="Jōmon people">Jōmon</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Yayoi_culture-25">[23]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi period</a> saw the introduction of practices including <a href="/wiki/Paddy_field" title="Paddy field">wet-rice farming</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> a new <a href="/wiki/Yayoi_pottery" title="Yayoi pottery">style of pottery</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> and metallurgy from China and Korea.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> According to legend, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Emperor Jimmu</a> (descendant of <a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a>) founded <a href="/wiki/Yamatai" title="Yamatai">a kingdom</a> in central Japan in 660 BC, beginning <a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">a continuous imperial line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> Japan first appears in written history in the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Han" title="Book of Han">Book of Han</a>, completed in 111 AD. <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> was introduced to Japan from <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> (a Korean kingdom) in 552, but the development of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japanese Buddhism</a> was primarily influenced by China.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> Despite early resistance, Buddhism was promoted by the ruling class, including figures like <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" title="Prince Shōtoku">Prince Shōtoku</a>, and gained widespread acceptance beginning in the <a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka period</a> (592–710).<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> In 645, the government led by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenji" title="Emperor Tenji">Prince Naka no Ōe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Kamatari" title="Fujiwara no Kamatari">Fujiwara no Kamatari</a> devised and implemented the far-reaching <a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reforms</a>. The Reform began with land reform, based on Confucian ideas and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">philosophies</a> from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Totman_2005-32">[30]</a> It nationalized all land in Japan, to be <a href="/wiki/Equal-field_system" title="Equal-field system">distributed equally</a> among cultivators, and ordered the compilation of a household registry as the basis for a new system of taxation.<a href="#cite_note-Sansom-33">[31]</a> The true aim of the reforms was to bring about greater centralization and to enhance the power of the imperial court, which was also based on the governmental structure of China. Envoys and students were dispatched to China to learn about Chinese writing, politics, art, and religion.<a href="#cite_note-Totman_2005-32">[30]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jinshin_War" title="Jinshin War">Jinshin War</a> of 672, a bloody conflict between <a href="/wiki/Prince_%C5%8Cama" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Ōama">Prince Ōama</a> and his nephew <a href="/wiki/Prince_%C5%8Ctomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Ōtomo">Prince Ōtomo</a>, became a major catalyst for further administrative reforms.<a href="#cite_note-ritsuryo-34">[32]</a> These reforms culminated with the promulgation of the <a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_Code" title="Taihō Code">Taihō Code</a>, which consolidated existing statutes and established the structure of the central and subordinate local governments.<a href="#cite_note-Sansom-33">[31]</a> These legal reforms created the <a href="/wiki/Ritsury%C5%8D" title="Ritsuryō">ritsuryō</a> state, a system of Chinese-style centralized government that remained in place for half a millennium.<a href="#cite_note-ritsuryo-34">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a> (710–784) marked the emergence of a Japanese state centered on the Imperial Court in <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D_Palace" title="Heijō Palace">Heijō-kyō</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Nara,_Nara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara, Nara">Nara</a>). The period is characterized by the appearance of a nascent <a href="/wiki/Japanese_literature" title="Japanese literature">literary culture</a> with the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a> (712) and <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a> (720), as well as the development of Buddhist-inspired artwork and <a href="/wiki/Historic_Monuments_of_Ancient_Nara" title="Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara">architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-36">[34]</a> A <a href="/wiki/735%E2%80%93737_Japanese_smallpox_epidemic" title="735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic">smallpox epidemic in 735–737</a> is believed to have killed as much as one-third of Japan's population.<a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> In 784, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Emperor Kanmu</a> moved the capital, settling on <a href="/wiki/Heian-ky%C5%8D" title="Heian-kyō">Heian-kyō</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>) in 794.<a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-36">[34]</a> This marked the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a> (794–1185), during which a distinctly indigenous Japanese culture emerged. <a href="/wiki/Murasaki_Shikibu" title="Murasaki Shikibu">Murasaki Shikibu</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Genji" title="The Tale of Genji">The Tale of Genji</a> and the lyrics of Japan's national anthem "<a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a>" were written during this time.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feudal_era">Feudal era</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg/220px-Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg/330px-Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg/440px-Mokoshuraiekotoba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> boarding a Mongol vessel during the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Mongol invasions of Japan</a>, depicted in the <a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba" title="Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba">Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba</a>, 1293</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg/220px-The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg/330px-The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg/440px-The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Three unifiers of Japan. Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a>.</figcaption></figure> Japan's feudal era was characterized by the emergence and dominance of a ruling class of warriors, the <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Leibo2015-39">[37]</a> In 1185, following the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Taira_clan" title="Taira clan">Taira clan</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_clan" title="Minamoto clan">Minamoto clan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a>, samurai <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Military_government" title="Military government">military government</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kamakura" title="Kamakura">Kamakura</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> After Yoritomo's death, the <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan" title="Hōjō clan">Hōjō clan</a> came to power as regents for the shōgun.<a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-36">[34]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> school of Buddhism was introduced from China in the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura period</a> (1185–1333) and became popular among the samurai class.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a> repelled <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Mongol invasions</a> in 1274 and 1281 but was eventually <a href="/wiki/Kenmu_Restoration" title="Kenmu Restoration">overthrown</a> by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Daigo" title="Emperor Go-Daigo">Emperor Go-Daigo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-36">[34]</a> Go-Daigo was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Takauji" title="Ashikaga Takauji">Ashikaga Takauji</a> in 1336, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a> (1336–1573).<a href="#cite_note-Shirane2012a-42">[40]</a> The succeeding <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a> failed to control the feudal warlords (daimyō) and a <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">civil war began in 1467</a>, opening the century-long <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a> ("Warring States").<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> During the 16th century, Portuguese traders and <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> missionaries reached Japan for the first time, initiating direct <a href="/wiki/Nanban_trade" title="Nanban trade">commercial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanban_art" title="Nanban art">cultural</a> exchange between Japan and the West.<a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> used European technology and firearms to conquer many other daimyō;<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> his consolidation of power began what was known as the <a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Honn%C5%8D-ji_Incident" title="Honnō-ji Incident">the death of Nobunaga</a> in 1582, his successor, <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>, unified the nation in the early 1590s and launched <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%9398)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)">two unsuccessful invasions of Korea in 1592 and 1597</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Courtiers-36">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> served as <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Elders" title="Council of Five Elders">regent</a> for Hideyoshi's son <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyori" title="Toyotomi Hideyori">Toyotomi Hideyori</a> and used his position to gain political and military support.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull2011-47">[45]</a> When open war broke out, Ieyasu defeated rival clans in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sekigahara" title="Battle of Sekigahara">Battle of Sekigahara</a> in 1600. He was appointed shōgun by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Go-Yōzei">Emperor Go-Yōzei</a> in 1603 and established the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> at <a href="/wiki/Edo_(Tokyo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edo (Tokyo)">Edo</a> (modern Tokyo).<a href="#cite_note-Closed-48">[46]</a> The shogunate enacted measures including <a href="/wiki/Buke_shohatto" title="Buke shohatto">buke shohatto</a>, as a code of conduct to control the autonomous daimyō,<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> and in 1639 the isolationist <a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">sakoku</a> ("closed country") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of tenuous political unity known as the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> (1603–1868).<a href="#cite_note-Closed-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> Modern Japan's economic growth began in this period, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Kaid%C5%8D" title="Kaidō">roads</a> and water transportation routes, as well as financial instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">futures contracts</a>, banking and insurance of the <a href="/wiki/Osaka_rice_brokers" class="mw-redirect" title="Osaka rice brokers">Osaka rice brokers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> The study of Western sciences (<a href="/wiki/Rangaku" title="Rangaku">rangaku</a>) continued through contact with the Dutch enclave in <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Closed-48">[46]</a> The Edo period gave rise to <a href="/wiki/Kokugaku" title="Kokugaku">kokugaku</a> ("national studies"), the study of Japan by the Japanese.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:175px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Meiji_tenno1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Meiji_tenno1.jpg/128px-Meiji_tenno1.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Meiji_tenno1.jpg/192px-Meiji_tenno1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Meiji_tenno1.jpg/256px-Meiji_tenno1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="1203" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a> (明治天皇, Meiji-tennō); 1852–1912</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:178px;max-width:178px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:175px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Empire_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/176px-Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/264px-Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/352px-Japanese_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Empire">Japanese Empire</a> and its influence, 1942</div></div></div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> sent Commodore <a href="/wiki/Matthew_C._Perry" title="Matthew C. Perry">Matthew C. Perry</a> to force the opening of Japan to the outside world. Arriving at <a href="/wiki/Uraga,_Kanagawa" title="Uraga, Kanagawa">Uraga</a> with four "<a href="/wiki/Black_Ships" title="Black Ships">Black Ships</a>" in July 1853, the <a href="/wiki/Perry_Expedition" title="Perry Expedition">Perry Expedition</a> resulted in the March 1854 <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Kanagawa" title="Convention of Kanagawa">Convention of Kanagawa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Closed-48">[46]</a> Subsequent similar treaties with other Western countries brought economic and political crises.<a href="#cite_note-Closed-48">[46]</a> The resignation of the shōgun led to the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a> and the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_han_system" title="Abolition of the han system">centralized state</a> nominally unified under the emperor (the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a>).<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> Adopting Western political, judicial, and military institutions, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Japan" title="Cabinet of Japan">Cabinet</a> organized the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council (Japan)">Privy Council</a>, introduced the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Constitution" title="Meiji Constitution">Meiji Constitution</a> (November 29, 1890), and assembled the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Imperial Diet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-modernnation-54">[52]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji period</a> (1868–1912), the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> emerged as the most developed state in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and as an industrialized world power that pursued military conflict to expand its sphere of influence.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> After victories in the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a> (1894–1895) and the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1904–1905), Japan gained control of Taiwan, Korea and the southern half of <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-modernnation-54">[52]</a> and annexed Korea in 1910.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> The Japanese population doubled from 35 million in 1873 to 70 million by 1935, with a significant shift to urbanization.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-excesses-61">[59]</a> The early 20th century saw a period of <a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishō period">Taishō democracy</a> (1912–1926) overshadowed by increasing <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">militarization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-ramesh-63">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">World War I</a> allowed Japan, which joined the side of the victorious <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a>, to capture <a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">German possessions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a> and China in <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">1920</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ramesh-63">[61]</a> The 1920s saw a political shift towards <a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">statism</a>, a period of lawlessness following the 1923 <a href="/wiki/Great_Tokyo_Earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Tokyo Earthquake">Great Tokyo Earthquake</a>, the passing of <a href="/wiki/Peace_Preservation_Law" title="Peace Preservation Law">laws against political dissent</a>, and a series of <a href="/wiki/May_15_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="May 15 Incident">attempted coups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-excesses-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> This process accelerated during the 1930s, spawning several radical nationalist groups that shared a hostility to liberal democracy and a dedication to expansion in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> In 1931, Japan <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">invaded China and occupied Manchuria</a>, which led to the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> in 1932; following <a href="/wiki/Lytton_Report" title="Lytton Report">international condemnation of the occupation</a>, it resigned from the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> in 1933.<a href="#cite_note-Inc1945-67">[65]</a> In 1936, Japan signed the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>; the 1940 <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a> made it one of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-excesses-61">[59]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender,_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg/220px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg/330px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg/440px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5738" data-file-height="4594" /></a><figcaption>Japan's imperial ambitions ended on September 2, 1945, with the country's surrender to the Allies.</figcaption></figure> The Empire of Japan invaded other parts of China in 1937, precipitating the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> (1937–1945).<a href="#cite_note-Paine2012-68">[66]</a> In 1940, the Empire <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">invaded French Indochina</a>, after which the United States placed an oil embargo on Japan.<a href="#cite_note-excesses-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> On December 7–8, 1941, Japanese forces carried out surprise <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attacks on Pearl Harbor</a>, as well as on British forces in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Malaya">Malaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Singapore_(1941)" title="Bombing of Singapore (1941)">Singapore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, among others, beginning <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">World War II in the Pacific</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> Throughout areas occupied by Japan during the war, numerous abuses were committed against local inhabitants, with many forced into <a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">sexual slavery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> victories during the next four years, which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Soviet invasion of Manchuria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a> in 1945, Japan agreed to <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">an unconditional surrender</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> The war cost Japan millions of lives and <a href="/wiki/Territorial_conquests_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial conquests of the Empire of Japan">its colonies</a>, including <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> parts of Japan such as <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karafuto_Prefecture" title="Karafuto Prefecture">Karafuto</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands" title="Kuril Islands">Kurils</a>.<a href="#cite_note-excesses-61">[59]</a> The Allies (led by the United States) repatriated millions of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_diaspora" title="Japanese diaspora">Japanese settlers</a> from their former colonies and military camps throughout Asia, largely eliminating the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Empire">Japanese Empire</a> and its influence over the territories it conquered.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-phoenix-74">[72]</a> The Allies convened the <a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a> to prosecute Japanese leaders except the Emperor<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> for <a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-phoenix-74">[72]</a> In 1947, Japan adopted <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">a new constitution</a> emphasizing liberal democratic practices.<a href="#cite_note-phoenix-74">[72]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Allied occupation</a> ended with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a> in 1952,<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> and Japan was granted membership in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-phoenix-74">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">A period of record growth</a> propelled Japan to become the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_largest_historical_GDP" title="List of countries by largest historical GDP">second-largest economy</a> in the world;<a href="#cite_note-phoenix-74">[72]</a> this ended in the mid-1990s after the popping of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">an asset price bubble</a>, beginning the "<a href="/wiki/Lost_Decade_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost Decade (Japan)">Lost Decade</a>".<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> In 2011, Japan suffered one of the largest earthquakes in its recorded history - the <a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">Tōhoku earthquake</a> - triggering the <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster">Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-tsunami-78">[76]</a> On May 1, 2019, after the historic <a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Emperor_Akihito" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdication of Emperor Akihito">abdication of Emperor Akihito</a>, his son <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a> became Emperor, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Reiwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiwa">Reiwa</a> era.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Geography of Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Japan" title="Geology of Japan">Geology of Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_topo_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Japan_topo_en.jpg/260px-Japan_topo_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Japan_topo_en.jpg/390px-Japan_topo_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Japan_topo_en.jpg/520px-Japan_topo_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>A topographic map of Japan</figcaption></figure> Japan comprises <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Japan" title="List of islands of Japan">14,125 islands</a> extending along the Pacific coast of Asia.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> It stretches over 3000 km (1900 mi) northeast–southwest from the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a> to the <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-water-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> The country's five main islands, from north to south, are <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a>, which include Okinawa, are a chain to the south of Kyushu. The <a href="/wiki/Nanp%C5%8D_Islands" title="Nanpō Islands">Nanpō Islands</a> are south and east of the main islands of Japan. Together they are often known as the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Japanese archipelago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>, Japan's territory is 377,975.24 km2 (145,937.06 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-area-2019-5">[4]</a> Japan has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_length_of_coastline" title="List of countries by length of coastline">sixth-longest coastline</a> in the world at 29,751 km (18,486 mi). Because of its far-flung outlying islands, <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Japan" title="Exclusive economic zone of Japan">Japan's exclusive economic zone</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_length_of_exclusive_economic_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by length of exclusive economic zones">eighth-largest</a> in the world, covering 4,470,000 km2 (1,730,000 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-cia-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> The Japanese archipelago is 67% <a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Forestry in Japan">forests</a> and 14% <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Japan">agricultural</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> The primarily rugged and mountainous terrain is restricted for habitation.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> Thus the habitable zones, mainly in the coastal areas, have very high population densities: Japan is the 40th <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population density">most densely populated country</a> even without considering that local concentration.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> Honshu has the highest population density at 450 persons/km2 (1200/sq mi) as of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>, while Hokkaido has the lowest density of 64.5 persons/km2 as of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JPCensus-91">[89]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>, approximately 0.5% of Japan's total area is <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">reclaimed land</a> (umetatechi).<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Biwa" title="Lake Biwa">Lake Biwa</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_lake" title="Ancient lake">ancient lake</a> and the country's largest freshwater lake.<a href="#cite_note-Tabata2016-93">[91]</a> Japan is substantially prone to <a href="/wiki/Earthquakes_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquakes in Japan">earthquakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> and <a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">volcanic eruptions</a> because of its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> It has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_disaster_risk" title="List of countries by natural disaster risk">17th highest natural disaster risk</a> as measured in the 2016 World Risk Index.<a href="#cite_note-wri-95">[93]</a> Japan has 111 active volcanoes.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> Destructive earthquakes, often resulting in tsunami, occur several times each century;<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> the <a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">1923 Tokyo earthquake</a> killed over 140,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> More recent major quakes are the 1995 <a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a> and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, which triggered a large tsunami.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-tsunami-78">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan#Climate" title="Geography of Japan">Geography of Japan § Climate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg/220px-Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg/330px-Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg/440px-Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5004" data-file-height="3336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Fuji" title="Mount Fuji">Mount Fuji</a> in spring, view from <a href="/wiki/Arakurayama_Sengen_Park" title="Arakurayama Sengen Park">Arakurayama Sengen Park</a></figcaption></figure> The climate of Japan is predominantly temperate but varies greatly from north to south. The northernmost region, Hokkaido, has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> with long, cold winters and very warm to cool summers. <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">Precipitation</a> is not heavy, but the islands usually develop deep snowbanks in the winter.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-99">[97]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a> region on Honshu's west coast, northwest winter winds bring heavy snowfall during winter. In the summer, the region sometimes experiences extremely hot temperatures because of the <a href="/wiki/Foehn_wind" title="Foehn wind">Foehn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Highland_(Japan)" title="Central Highland (Japan)">Central Highland</a> has a typical inland humid continental climate, with large temperature differences between summer and winter. The mountains of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku</a> and Shikoku regions shelter the <a href="/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Seto Inland Sea</a> from seasonal winds, bringing mild weather year-round.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-99">[97]</a> The Pacific coast features a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid subtropical">humid subtropical</a> climate that experiences milder winters with occasional snowfall and hot, humid summers because of the southeast seasonal wind. The Ryukyu and Nanpō Islands have a <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">subtropical climate</a>, with warm winters and hot summers. Precipitation is very heavy, especially during the rainy season.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-99">[97]</a> The main <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_rainy_season" title="East Asian rainy season">rainy season</a> begins in early May in Okinawa, and the rain front gradually moves north. In late summer and early autumn, <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoons</a> often bring heavy rain.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> According to the Environment Ministry, heavy rainfall and increasing temperatures have caused problems in the agricultural industry and elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-climatechange-102">[100]</a> The highest temperature ever measured in Japan, 41.1 °C (106.0 °F), was recorded on July 23, 2018,<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> and repeated on August 17, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Japan" title="Wildlife of Japan">Wildlife of Japan</a></div> Japan has nine forest <a href="/wiki/Ecoregions_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecoregions in Japan">ecoregions</a> which reflect the climate and geography of the islands. They range from <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">subtropical moist broadleaf forests</a> in the Ryūkyū and <a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</a> in the mild climate regions of the main islands, to <a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forest" title="Temperate coniferous forest">temperate coniferous forests</a> in the cold, winter portions of the northern islands.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> Japan has over 90,000 species of wildlife as of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Sakurai2019-106">[104]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">brown bear</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_macaque" title="Japanese macaque">Japanese macaque</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog" title="Japanese raccoon dog">Japanese raccoon dog</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Small_Japanese_field_mouse" title="Small Japanese field mouse">small Japanese field mouse</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_giant_salamander" title="Japanese giant salamander">Japanese giant salamander</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> There are 53 <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_sites_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsar sites in Japan">Ramsar wetland sites</a> in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in Japan">Five sites</a> have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for their outstanding natural value.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Japan" title="Environmental issues in Japan">Environmental issues in Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Japan" title="Climate change in Japan">Climate change in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg/220px-Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg/330px-Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg/440px-Kongobuji_Koyasan07n3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption>Autumn <a href="/wiki/Maple_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Maple tree">maple leaves</a> (<a href="/wiki/Momiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Momiji">momiji</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Kong%C5%8Dbu-ji" title="Kongōbu-ji">Kongōbu-ji</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_K%C5%8Dya" title="Mount Kōya">Mount Kōya</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></figcaption></figure> In the period of rapid economic growth after World War II, environmental policies were downplayed by the government and industrial corporations; as a result, <a href="/wiki/Four_Big_Pollution_Diseases_of_Japan" title="Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan">environmental pollution</a> was widespread in the 1950s and 1960s. Responding to rising concerns, the government introduced environmental protection laws in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">oil crisis in 1973</a> also encouraged the efficient use of energy because of Japan's lack of natural resources.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Japan ranks 20th in the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Performance_Index" title="Environmental Performance Index">Environmental Performance Index</a>, which measures a country's commitment to environmental sustainability.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> Japan is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions" title="List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions">fifth-largest emitter</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-climatechange-102">[100]</a> As the host and signatory of the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>, Japan is under treaty obligation to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions and to take other steps to curb climate change.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> In 2020, the government of Japan announced a target of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon-neutrality</a> by 2050.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> Environmental issues include urban air pollution (<a href="/wiki/NOx" title="NOx">NOx</a>, suspended <a href="/wiki/Particulate_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Particulate matter">particulate matter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toxics" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxics">toxics</a>), <a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">waste management</a>, water <a href="/wiki/Eutrophication" title="Eutrophication">eutrophication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nature_conservation" title="Nature conservation">nature conservation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Japan" title="Climate change in Japan">climate change</a>, chemical management and international co-operation for conservation.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government of Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics of Japan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Japan" title="Law of Japan">Law of Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_cropped_Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20191110_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_cropped_Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20191110_1.jpg/220px-Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_cropped_Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20191110_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_cropped_Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20191110_1.jpg/330px-Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_cropped_Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20191110_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_cropped_Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20191110_1.jpg/440px-Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_cropped_Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20191110_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Naruhito" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Naruhito">Emperor Naruhito</a>, current head of state, and <a href="/wiki/Empress_Masako" title="Empress Masako">Empress Masako</a> participated in the <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9D%E8%B3%80%E5%BE%A1%E5%88%97%E3%81%AE%E5%84%80" class="extiw" title="ja:祝賀御列の儀">Imperial Procession by motorcar after the Ceremony of the Enthronement</a> in <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dky%C5%8D_Metropolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōkyō Metropolis">Tokyo</a> on November 10, 2019.</figcaption></figure> Japan is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> in which the power of the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a> is limited to a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_head_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial head of state">ceremonial role</a>.<a href="#cite_note-euparl-116">[114]</a> Executive power is instead wielded by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Japan" title="Cabinet of Japan">Cabinet</a>, whose sovereignty is vested in the Japanese people.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-117">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a> is the Emperor of Japan, having succeeded his father <a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a> upon his accession to the <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum_Throne" title="Chrysanthemum Throne">Chrysanthemum Throne</a> in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-euparl-116">[114]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/220px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/330px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/440px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2561" data-file-height="1726" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Building" title="National Diet Building">National Diet Building</a></figcaption></figure> Japan's legislative organ is the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-euparl-116">[114]</a> It consists of a lower <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">House of Representatives</a> with 465 seats, elected by popular vote every four years or when dissolved, and an upper <a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">House of Councillors</a> with 245 seats, whose popularly-elected members serve six-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-sec-118">[116]</a> There is <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> for adults over 18 years of age,<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">secret ballot</a> for all elected offices.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-117">[115]</a> The prime minister as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> has the power to appoint and dismiss <a href="/wiki/Ministers_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministers of State">Ministers of State</a>, and is <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Investiture" title="Imperial Investiture">appointed</a> by the emperor after being designated from among the members of the Diet.<a href="#cite_note-sec-118">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a> is Japan's prime minister; he took office after winning the <a href="/wiki/2024_Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)_presidential_election" title="2024 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election">2024 Liberal Democratic Party leadership election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> The broadly conservative <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Liberal Democratic Party</a> has been the <a href="/wiki/Dominant-party_system" title="Dominant-party system">dominant party</a> in the country since the 1950s, often called the <a href="/wiki/1955_System" title="1955 System">1955 System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> Historically influenced by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_law" title="Chinese law">Chinese law</a>, the Japanese legal system developed independently during the Edo period through texts such as <a href="/wiki/Kujikata_Osadamegaki" title="Kujikata Osadamegaki">Kujikata Osadamegaki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dean-122">[120]</a> Since the late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Japan" title="Judicial system of Japan">the judicial system</a> has been largely based on the <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> of Europe, notably Germany. In 1896, Japan established a <a href="/wiki/Civil_code" title="Civil code">civil code</a> based on the German <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch" title="Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch">Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch</a>, which remains in effect with post–World War II modifications.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Constitution of Japan</a>, adopted in 1947, is the oldest unamended constitution in the world.<a href="#cite_note-anomalous-constitution-124">[122]</a> Statutory law originates in the legislature, and the constitution requires that the emperor promulgate legislation passed by the Diet without giving him the power to oppose legislation. The main body of Japanese statutory law is called the <a href="/wiki/Six_Codes" title="Six Codes">Six Codes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dean-122">[120]</a> Japan's court system is divided into four basic tiers: the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Japan" title="Supreme Court of Japan">Supreme Court</a> and three levels of lower courts.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Japan" title="Administrative divisions of Japan">Administrative divisions of Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefectures of Japan</a></div> Japan is divided into 47 prefectures, each overseen by an elected <a href="/wiki/Governor_(Japan)" title="Governor (Japan)">governor</a> and legislature.<a href="#cite_note-euparl-116">[114]</a> In the following table, the prefectures are grouped by <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Japan" title="List of regions of Japan">region</a>:<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> <table> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg/290px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg/435px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg/580px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="755" /></a><figcaption>Prefectures of Japan with colored regions</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"> <div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a></div> <hr /> 1. <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"> <div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku</a></div> <hr /> 2. <a href="/wiki/Aomori_Prefecture" title="Aomori Prefecture">Aomori</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 3. <a href="/wiki/Iwate_Prefecture" title="Iwate Prefecture">Iwate</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 4. <a href="/wiki/Miyagi_Prefecture" title="Miyagi Prefecture">Miyagi</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 5. <a href="/wiki/Akita_Prefecture" title="Akita Prefecture">Akita</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 6. <a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Prefecture" title="Yamagata Prefecture">Yamagata</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 7. <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture" title="Fukushima Prefecture">Fukushima</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"> <div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō</a></div> <hr /> 8. <a href="/wiki/Ibaraki_Prefecture" title="Ibaraki Prefecture">Ibaraki</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 9. <a href="/wiki/Tochigi_Prefecture" title="Tochigi Prefecture">Tochigi</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 10. <a href="/wiki/Gunma_Prefecture" title="Gunma Prefecture">Gunma</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 11. <a href="/wiki/Saitama_Prefecture" title="Saitama Prefecture">Saitama</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 12. <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 13. <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 14. <a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"> <div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABbu_region" title="Chūbu region">Chūbu</a></div> <hr /> 15. <a href="/wiki/Niigata_Prefecture" title="Niigata Prefecture">Niigata</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 16. <a href="/wiki/Toyama_Prefecture" title="Toyama Prefecture">Toyama</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 17. <a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Prefecture" title="Ishikawa Prefecture">Ishikawa</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 18. <a href="/wiki/Fukui_Prefecture" title="Fukui Prefecture">Fukui</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 19. <a href="/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecture" title="Yamanashi Prefecture">Yamanashi</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 20. <a href="/wiki/Nagano_Prefecture" title="Nagano Prefecture">Nagano</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 21. <a href="/wiki/Gifu_Prefecture" title="Gifu Prefecture">Gifu</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 22. <a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 23. <a href="/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture" title="Aichi Prefecture">Aichi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"> <div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Kansai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansai">Kansai</a></div> <hr /> 24. <a href="/wiki/Mie_Prefecture" title="Mie Prefecture">Mie</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 25. <a href="/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture" title="Shiga Prefecture">Shiga</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 26. <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prefecture" title="Kyoto Prefecture">Kyoto</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 27. <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture" title="Osaka Prefecture">Osaka</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 28. <a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecture" title="Hyōgo Prefecture">Hyōgo</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 29. <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 30. <a href="/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecture" title="Wakayama Prefecture">Wakayama</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"> <div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku</a></div> <hr /> 31. <a href="/wiki/Tottori_Prefecture" title="Tottori Prefecture">Tottori</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 32. <a href="/wiki/Shimane_Prefecture" title="Shimane Prefecture">Shimane</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 33. <a href="/wiki/Okayama_Prefecture" title="Okayama Prefecture">Okayama</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 34. <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Prefecture" title="Hiroshima Prefecture">Hiroshima</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 35. <a href="/wiki/Yamaguchi_Prefecture" title="Yamaguchi Prefecture">Yamaguchi</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"> <div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a></div> <hr /> 36. <a href="/wiki/Tokushima_Prefecture" title="Tokushima Prefecture">Tokushima</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 37. <a href="/wiki/Kagawa_Prefecture" title="Kagawa Prefecture">Kagawa</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 38. <a href="/wiki/Ehime_Prefecture" title="Ehime Prefecture">Ehime</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 39. <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi_Prefecture" title="Kōchi Prefecture">Kōchi</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"> <div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a></div> <hr /> 40. <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture">Fukuoka</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 41. <a href="/wiki/Saga_Prefecture" title="Saga Prefecture">Saga</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 42. <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_Prefecture" title="Nagasaki Prefecture">Nagasaki</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 43. <a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_Prefecture" title="Kumamoto Prefecture">Kumamoto</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 44. <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_Prefecture" title="Ōita Prefecture">Ōita</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 45. <a href="/wiki/Miyazaki_Prefecture" title="Miyazaki Prefecture">Miyazaki</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 46. <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_Prefecture" title="Kagoshima Prefecture">Kagoshima</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> 47. <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Foreign relations of Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg/260px-G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg/390px-G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg/520px-G7_in_het_Catshuis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3861" data-file-height="2574" /></a><figcaption>Japan is a member of both the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> and the <a href="/wiki/G-20_major_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="G-20 major economies">G20</a>.</figcaption></figure> A member state of the United Nations since 1956, Japan is one of the <a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4 countries</a> seeking reform of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> Japan is a member of the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#ASEAN_Plus_Three" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Plus Three</a>", and is a participant in the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-terada-128">[126]</a> It is the world's fifth-largest donor of <a href="/wiki/Official_development_assistance" title="Official development assistance">official development assistance</a>, donating US$9.2 billion in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> In 2024, Japan had the fourth-largest diplomatic network in the world.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> Japan has close economic and military relations with the United States, with which it maintains a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Mutual_Cooperation_and_Security_between_the_United_States_and_Japan" title="Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan">security alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-us-relations-131">[129]</a> The United States is a major market for Japanese exports and a major source of Japanese imports, and is committed to defending the country, with military bases in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-us-relations-131">[129]</a> In 2016, Japan announced the Free and Open Indo-Pacific vision, which frames its regional policies.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> Japan is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">Quadrilateral Security Dialogue</a> ("the Quad"), a multilateral security dialogue reformed in 2017 aiming to limit Chinese influence in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> region, along with the United States, Australia, and India.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> Japan is engaged in several territorial disputes with its neighbors. Japan contests Russia's control of the <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands_dispute" title="Kuril Islands dispute">Southern Kuril Islands</a>, which were occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> South Korea's control of the <a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks" title="Liancourt Rocks">Liancourt Rocks</a> is acknowledged but not accepted as they are claimed by Japan.<a href="#cite_note-takeshima-137">[135]</a> Japan has strained relations with China and Taiwan over the <a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands" title="Senkaku Islands">Senkaku Islands</a> and the status of <a href="/wiki/Okinotorishima" title="Okinotorishima">Okinotorishima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan Self-Defense Forces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_051115-N-8492C-125_The_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_(JMSDF)_destroyer_JDS_Kongou_(DDG_173)_sails_in_formation_with_other_JMSDF_ships_and_ships_assigned_to_the_USS_Kitty_Hawk_Carrier_Strike_Group.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/US_Navy_051115-N-8492C-125_The_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_%28JMSDF%29_destroyer_JDS_Kongou_%28DDG_173%29_sails_in_formation_with_other_JMSDF_ships_and_ships_assigned_to_the_USS_Kitty_Hawk_Carrier_Strike_Group.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/US_Navy_051115-N-8492C-125_The_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_%28JMSDF%29_destroyer_JDS_Kongou_%28DDG_173%29_sails_in_formation_with_other_JMSDF_ships_and_ships_assigned_to_the_USS_Kitty_Hawk_Carrier_Strike_Group.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/US_Navy_051115-N-8492C-125_The_Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force_%28JMSDF%29_destroyer_JDS_Kongou_%28DDG_173%29_sails_in_formation_with_other_JMSDF_ships_and_ships_assigned_to_the_USS_Kitty_Hawk_Carrier_Strike_Group.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">JMSDF</a> <a href="/wiki/Kong%C5%8D-class_destroyer" title="Kongō-class destroyer">Kongō-class destroyer</a></figcaption></figure> Japan is the third highest-ranked Asian country in the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> It spent 1.1% of its total GDP on <a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_Japan" title="Military budget of Japan">its defence budget</a> in 2022,<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> and maintained the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">tenth-largest military budget</a> in the world in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2020-141">[139]</a> The country's military (the Japan Self-Defense Forces) is restricted by <a href="/wiki/Article_9_of_the_Japanese_Constitution" title="Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution">Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution</a>, which renounces Japan's right to declare war or use military force in international disputes.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> The military is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Defense (Japan)">Ministry of Defense</a>, and primarily consists of the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Ground_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Ground Self-Defense Force">Japan Ground Self-Defense Force</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Japan Air Self-Defense Force</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Iraq_Reconstruction_and_Support_Group" title="Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group">deployment of troops to Iraq</a> and Afghanistan marked the first overseas use of Japan's military since World War II.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government of Japan</a> has been making changes to its security policy which include the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Japan)" title="National Security Council (Japan)">National Security Council</a>, the adoption of the National Security Strategy, and the development of the National Defense Program Guidelines.<a href="#cite_note-Japan's_Security_Policy-144">[142]</a> In May 2014, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> said Japan wanted to shed the passiveness it has maintained since the end of World War II and take more responsibility for regional security.<a href="#cite_note-JapanAsia-145">[143]</a> In December 2022, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a> further confirmed this trend, instructing the government to increase spending by 65% until 2027.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Recent tensions, particularly with North Korea and China, have reignited the debate over the status of the JSDF and its relation to Japanese society.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement">Law enforcement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Japan" title="Law enforcement in Japan">Law enforcement in Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Japan" title="Crime in Japan">Crime in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E8%AD%A6%E8%A6%96%E5%BA%81_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Police_Department" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department">Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department</a></figcaption></figure> Domestic security in Japan is provided mainly by the <a href="/wiki/Prefectural_police_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectural police department">prefectural police departments</a>, under the oversight of the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Japan)" title="National Police Agency (Japan)">National Police Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> As the central coordinating body for the Prefectural Police Departments, the National Police Agency is administered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Safety_Commission_(Japan)" title="National Public Safety Commission (Japan)">National Public Safety Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPA1977-2-150">[148]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Special_Assault_Team" title="Special Assault Team">Special Assault Team</a> comprises national-level <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism</a> tactical units that cooperate with territorial-level <a href="/wiki/Riot_Police_Unit#Specialist_squads" title="Riot Police Unit">Anti-Firearms Squads and Counter-NBC Terrorism Squads</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WP-151">[149]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Japan_Coast_Guard" title="Japan Coast Guard">Japan Coast Guard</a> guards territorial waters surrounding Japan and uses surveillance and control countermeasures against smuggling, marine <a href="/wiki/Environmental_crime" title="Environmental crime">environmental crime</a>, poaching, piracy, spy ships, unauthorized foreign fishing vessels, and illegal immigration.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Firearm_and_Sword_Possession_Control_Law" title="Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law">Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law</a> strictly regulates the civilian ownership of guns, swords, and other weaponry.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>, among the member states of the UN that report statistics as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>, the incidence rates of violent crimes such as murder, abduction, sexual violence, and robbery are very low in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Japan" title="Human rights in Japan">Human rights in Japan</a></div> Japanese society traditionally places a strong emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Wa_(Japanese_culture)" title="Wa (Japanese culture)">collective harmony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collectivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectivism">conformity</a>, which has led to the suppression of <a href="/wiki/Individual_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual rights">individual rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-h191-159">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Japan's constitution</a> prohibits racial and religious discrimination,<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> and the country is a signatory to numerous international human rights treaties.<a href="#cite_note-q456-162">[160]</a> However, it lacks any laws against discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or gender identity and does not have a national human rights institution.<a href="#cite_note-p620-163">[161]</a> Japan has faced criticism for <a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_Japan" title="Gender inequality in Japan">its gender inequality</a>,<a href="#cite_note-p015-164">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Japan">not allowing same-sex marriages</a>,<a href="#cite_note-h253-165">[163]</a> use of <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a> by police,<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Japan" title="Capital punishment in Japan">allowing capital punishment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> Other human rights issues include the treatment of marginalized groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Japan" title="Racism in Japan">ethnic minorities</a>,<a href="#cite_note-r037-169">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Japan#Refugees_and_asylum_seekers" title="Immigration to Japan">refugees and asylum seekers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-v702-170">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Japan" title="Economy of Japan">Economy of Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakanoshima_Skyscrapers_in_201504_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nakanoshima_Skyscrapers_in_201504_001.jpg/220px-Nakanoshima_Skyscrapers_in_201504_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nakanoshima_Skyscrapers_in_201504_001.jpg/330px-Nakanoshima_Skyscrapers_in_201504_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nakanoshima_Skyscrapers_in_201504_001.jpg/440px-Nakanoshima_Skyscrapers_in_201504_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Skyscrapers in <a href="/wiki/Nakanoshima" title="Nakanoshima">Nakanoshima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>; a major <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a> in Japan</figcaption></figure> Japan has the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP</a>, after that of the United States, China and Germany; and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">fourth-largest economy by PPP-adjusted GDP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labor_market_of_Japan" title="Labor market of Japan">Japan's labor force</a> is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_labour_force" title="List of countries by labour force">eighth-largest</a>, consisting of over 68.6 million workers.<a href="#cite_note-cia-85">[83]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>, Japan has a <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of countries by unemployment rate">low unemployment rate</a> of around 2.6%.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Japan" title="Poverty in Japan">Its poverty rate</a> is the second highest among the G7 countries,<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> and exceeds 15.7% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> Japan has the highest ratio of public debt to GDP among advanced economies,<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> with <a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_Japan" title="National debt of Japan">a national debt</a> estimated at 248% relative to GDP as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a> is the world's third-largest <a href="/wiki/Reserve_currency" title="Reserve currency">reserve currency</a> after the US dollar and the euro.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> Japan was the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_exports" title="List of countries by exports">fifth-largest exporter</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_imports" title="List of countries by imports">fourth-largest importer</a> in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> Its exports amounted to 18.2% of its total GDP in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_Japan" title="List of the largest trading partners of Japan">Japan's main export markets</a> were China (23.9 percent, including Hong Kong) and the United States (18.5 percent).<a href="#cite_note-STATJETRO-181">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Japan" title="List of exports of Japan">Its main exports</a> are motor vehicles, iron and steel products, semiconductors, and auto parts.<a href="#cite_note-cia-85">[83]</a> Japan's main import markets as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a> were China (21.1 percent), the United States (9.9 percent), and Australia (9.8 percent).<a href="#cite_note-STATJETRO-181">[179]</a> Japan's main imports are machinery and equipment, fossil fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, and raw materials for its industries.<a href="#cite_note-STATJETRO-181">[179]</a> The Japanese variant of capitalism has many distinct features: <a href="/wiki/Keiretsu" title="Keiretsu">keiretsu</a> enterprises are influential, and <a href="/wiki/Lifetime_employment" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifetime employment">lifetime employment</a> and seniority-based career advancement are common in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_work_environment" title="Japanese work environment">Japanese work environment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oecd2008-182">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> Japan has a large <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> sector, with three of the world's ten largest cooperatives, including the largest <a href="/wiki/Consumer_cooperative" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer cooperative">consumer cooperative</a> and the largest <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_cooperative" title="Agricultural cooperative">agricultural cooperative</a> as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> It <a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Japan#Economy" title="International rankings of Japan">ranks highly</a> for <a href="/wiki/Competition_(companies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Competition (companies)">competitiveness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">economic freedom</a>. Japan ranked sixth in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Competitiveness_Report" title="Global Competitiveness Report">Global Competitiveness Report</a> in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> It attracted 31.9 million international tourists in 2019,<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> and was <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_rankings" title="World Tourism rankings">ranked eleventh</a> in the world in 2019 for <a href="/wiki/Inbound_tourism_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inbound tourism (Japan)">inbound tourism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WTOB-187">[185]</a> The 2021 <a href="/wiki/Travel_and_Tourism_Competitiveness_Report" title="Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report">Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report</a> ranked Japan first in the world out of 117 countries.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> Its international tourism receipts in 2019 amounted to $46.1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-WTOB-187">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture_and_fishery">Agriculture and fishery</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture,_forestry,_and_fishing_in_Japan" title="Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan">Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu,_Japan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG/220px-Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG/330px-Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG/440px-Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Rice_paddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice paddy">rice paddy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aizu" title="Aizu">Aizu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture" title="Fukushima Prefecture">Fukushima Prefecture</a></figcaption></figure> The Japanese agricultural sector accounts for about 1.2% of the country's total GDP as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sec-118">[116]</a> Only 11.5% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> Because of this lack of arable land, a system of <a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">terraces</a> is used to farm in small areas.<a href="#cite_note-Urbanites_Help_Sustain_Japan's_Historic_Rice_Paddy_Terraces-190">[188]</a> This results in one of the world's highest levels of crop yields per unit area, with an agricultural self-sufficiency rate of about 50% as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> Japan's small agricultural sector is highly subsidized and <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Protectionism_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural Protectionism in Japan">protected</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> There has been a growing concern about farming as farmers are aging with a difficult time finding successors.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> Japan ranked seventh in the world in <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">tonnage of fish caught</a> and captured 3,167,610 metric tons of fish in 2016, down from an annual average of 4,000,000 tons over the previous decade.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch,<a href="#cite_note-cia-85">[83]</a> prompting critiques that Japan's fishing is leading to depletion in fish stocks such as <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> Japan has sparked controversy by supporting commercial <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Japan" title="Whaling in Japan">whaling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry_and_services">Industry and services</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Japan" title="Manufacturing in Japan">Manufacturing in Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade_and_services_in_Japan" title="Trade and services in Japan">Trade and services in Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Electronics industry in Japan">Electronics industry in Japan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Automotive industry in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Nissan_GT-R_Premium_in_Super_Silver,_Front_Right,_10-11-2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2018_Nissan_GT-R_Premium_in_Super_Silver%2C_Front_Right%2C_10-11-2022.jpg/290px-2018_Nissan_GT-R_Premium_in_Super_Silver%2C_Front_Right%2C_10-11-2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2018_Nissan_GT-R_Premium_in_Super_Silver%2C_Front_Right%2C_10-11-2022.jpg/435px-2018_Nissan_GT-R_Premium_in_Super_Silver%2C_Front_Right%2C_10-11-2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2018_Nissan_GT-R_Premium_in_Super_Silver%2C_Front_Right%2C_10-11-2022.jpg/580px-2018_Nissan_GT-R_Premium_in_Super_Silver%2C_Front_Right%2C_10-11-2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3423" data-file-height="1811" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Nissan_GT-R" title="Nissan GT-R">Nissan GT-R</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports car</a> manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a>. Japan is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">third-largest producer of motor vehicles</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-:0-197">[195]</a></figcaption></figure> Japan has a large industrial capacity and is home to some of the "largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tools</a>, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">chemical substances</a>, textiles, and <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">processed foods</a>".<a href="#cite_note-cia-85">[83]</a> Japan's industrial sector makes up approximately 27.5% of its GDP.<a href="#cite_note-cia-85">[83]</a> The country's manufacturing output is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_manufacturing_output" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by manufacturing output">fourth highest</a> in the world as of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> Japan is in the top three globally for both automobile production<a href="#cite_note-:0-197">[195]</a> and export,<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> and is home to <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>, the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_manufacturers_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production">largest automobile company</a> by vehicle production. The Japanese shipbuilding industry faces increasing competition from its East Asian neighbors, South Korea and China; a 2020 government initiative identified this sector as a target for increasing exports.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> Japan's service sector accounts for about 69.5% of its total economic output as of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Japan">Banking</a>, retail, <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in Japan">transportation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Japan">telecommunications</a> are all major industries, with companies such as Toyota, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_UFJ_Financial_Group" title="Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group">Mitsubishi UFJ</a>, -<a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aeon_(company)" title="Aeon (company)">Aeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Group" title="SoftBank Group">SoftBank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Itochu" title="Itochu">Itochu</a> listed as among the largest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Fortune_Global_500-203">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="History of science and technology in Japan">History of science and technology in Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="Science and technology in Japan">Science and technology in Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Japan">Video gaming in Japan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Japanese inventions and discoveries">List of Japanese inventions and discoveries</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg/220px-Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg/330px-Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg/440px-Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2039" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Experiment_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Experiment Module">Japanese Experiment Module</a> (Kibō) at the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> Relative to gross domestic product, Japan's <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> budget is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_research_and_development_spending" title="List of sovereign states by research and development spending">second highest</a> in the world,<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> with 867,000 researchers sharing a 19-trillion-yen research and development budget as of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> The country has produced twenty-two <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel laureates</a> in either physics, chemistry or medicine,<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields medalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> Japan leads the world in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_robotics" title="Japanese robotics">robotics</a> production and use, supplying 45% of the world's 2020 total;<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> down from 55% in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> Japan has the second highest number of researchers in science and technology per capita in the world with 14 per 1000 employees.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> Once considered the strongest in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_consumer_electronics_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese consumer electronics industry">Japanese consumer electronics industry</a> is in a state of decline as regional competition arises in neighboring East Asian countries such as South Korea and China.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Japan" title="Video games in Japan">Japan's video game sector</a> remains a major industry. In 2014, Japan's consumer video game market grossed $9.6 billion, with $5.8 billion coming from mobile gaming.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> By 2015, Japan had become the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_markets_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of video games markets by country">fourth-largest</a> <a href="/wiki/PC_game" title="PC game">PC game</a> market by revenue, behind only <a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_China" title="Video games in China">China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_South_Korea" title="Video games in South Korea">South Korea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Japan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency</a> is Japan's national <a href="/wiki/Space_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Space agency">space agency</a>; it conducts space, planetary, and aviation research, and leads development of rockets and satellites.<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> It is a participant in the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Experiment_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Experiment Module">Japanese Experiment Module</a> (Kibō) was added to the station during <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> assembly flights in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probe</a> <a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a> was launched in 2010 and achieved orbit around Venus in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> Japan's plans in <a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">space exploration</a> include building a <a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Moon base</a> and landing astronauts by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> In 2007, it launched lunar explorer <a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE</a> (Selenological and Engineering Explorer) from <a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Center" title="Tanegashima Space Center">Tanegashima Space Center</a>. The largest lunar mission since the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a>, its purpose was to gather data on the <a href="/wiki/Moon#Formation" title="Moon">Moon's origin and evolution</a>. The explorer entered a lunar orbit on October 4, 2007,<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> and was deliberately crashed into the Moon on June 11, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Japan" title="Transport in Japan">Transport in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_Airlines,_Boeing_787-9_JA861J_NRT_(19455285040).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Japan_Airlines%2C_Boeing_787-9_JA861J_NRT_%2819455285040%29.jpg/220px-Japan_Airlines%2C_Boeing_787-9_JA861J_NRT_%2819455285040%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Japan_Airlines%2C_Boeing_787-9_JA861J_NRT_%2819455285040%29.jpg/330px-Japan_Airlines%2C_Boeing_787-9_JA861J_NRT_%2819455285040%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Japan_Airlines%2C_Boeing_787-9_JA861J_NRT_%2819455285040%29.jpg/440px-Japan_Airlines%2C_Boeing_787-9_JA861J_NRT_%2819455285040%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4678" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Japan_Airlines" title="Japan Airlines">Japan Airlines</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> of Japan</figcaption></figure> Japan has invested heavily in transportation infrastructure since the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> The country has approximately 1,200,000 kilometers (750,000 miles) of roads made up of 1,000,000 kilometers (620,000 miles) of city, town and village roads, 130,000 kilometers (81,000 miles) of prefectural roads, 54,736 kilometers (34,011 miles) of general national highways and 7641 kilometers (4748 miles) of <a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Japan" title="Expressways of Japan">national expressways</a> as of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> Since privatization in 1987,<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_companies_in_Japan" title="List of railway companies in Japan">dozens of Japanese railway companies</a> compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets; major companies include seven <a href="/wiki/Japan_Railways_Group" title="Japan Railways Group">JR</a> enterprises, <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Railway" title="Kintetsu Railway">Kintetsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seibu_Railway" title="Seibu Railway">Seibu Railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keio_Corporation" title="Keio Corporation">Keio Corporation</a>. The high-speed <a href="/wiki/Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">Shinkansen</a> (bullet trains) that connect major cities are known for their safety and punctuality.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Japan" title="List of airports in Japan">175 airports in Japan</a> as of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cia-85">[83]</a> The largest domestic airport, <a href="/wiki/Haneda_Airport" title="Haneda Airport">Haneda Airport</a> in Tokyo, was Asia's <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" title="List of busiest airports by passenger traffic">second-busiest airport</a> in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> The Keihin and Hanshin superport hubs are among the largest in the world, at 7.98 and 5.22 million <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">TEU</a> respectively as of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Japan" title="Energy in Japan">Energy in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Setokazenooka-park01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Setokazenooka-park01.jpg/220px-Setokazenooka-park01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Setokazenooka-park01.jpg/330px-Setokazenooka-park01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Setokazenooka-park01.jpg/440px-Setokazenooka-park01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Seto_Windhill" title="Seto Windhill">Seto Hill Windfarm</a></figcaption></figure> As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>, 37.1% of energy in Japan was produced from petroleum, 25.1% from coal, 22.4% from natural gas, 3.5% from <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a> and 2.8% from <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Japan" title="Nuclear power in Japan">nuclear power</a>, among other sources. Nuclear power was down from 11.2 percent in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> By May 2012 all of <a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_power_plants_in_Japan" title="List of nuclear power plants in Japan">the country's nuclear power plants</a> had been taken offline because of ongoing public opposition following the <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima nuclear disaster">Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster</a> in March 2011, though government officials continued to try to sway public opinion in favor of returning at least some to service.<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sendai_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Sendai Nuclear Power Plant">Sendai Nuclear Power Plant</a> restarted in 2015,<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> and since then several other nuclear power plants have been restarted.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> Japan lacks significant domestic reserves and has a heavy dependence on <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_imports" title="List of countries by oil imports">imported energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> The country has therefore aimed to diversify its sources and maintain high levels of energy efficiency.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Japan" title="Demographics of Japan">Demographics of Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Japan" title="Ethnic groups of Japan">Ethnic groups of Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Japan" title="List of metropolitan areas in Japan">List of metropolitan areas in Japan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Japan" title="List of cities in Japan">List of cities in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG/260px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG/390px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG/520px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5999" data-file-height="3598" /></a><figcaption>View of Tokyo from the top of the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree" title="Tokyo Skytree">Tokyo Skytree</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Greater Tokyo Area</a> is ranked as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas by population">most populous metropolitan area</a> in the world.</figcaption></figure> Japan has a population of almost 125 million, of whom nearly 122 million are Japanese nationals (2022 estimates).<a href="#cite_note-November_2020_population_estimate-234">[232]</a> A small population of foreign residents makes up the remainder.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> Japan is the world's <a href="/wiki/Aging_of_Japan" title="Aging of Japan">fastest aging country</a> and has the highest proportion of <a href="/wiki/Elderly_people_in_Japan" title="Elderly people in Japan">elderly citizens</a> of any country, comprising <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_age_structure" title="List of countries by age structure">one-third of its total population</a>;<a href="#cite_note-EUAgeing-236">[234]</a> this is the result of a <a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_baby_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Post–World War II baby boom">post–World War II baby boom</a>, which was followed by an increase in life expectancy and a decrease in <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> Japan has a <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> of 1.4, which is below the <a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility" title="Sub-replacement fertility">replacement rate</a> of 2.1, and is among the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_fertility_rate" title="List of countries by total fertility rate">lowest</a>;<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> it has a <a href="/wiki/Median_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Median age">median age</a> of 48.4, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age" title="List of countries by median age">highest</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-IMFAgeing-239">[237]</a> As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>, over 28.7 percent of the population is over 65, or more than one in four out of the Japanese population.<a href="#cite_note-EUAgeing-236">[234]</a> As a growing number of younger Japanese are not marrying or remaining childless,<a href="#cite_note-Walia-240">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a> Japan's population is expected to drop to around 88 million by 2065.<a href="#cite_note-EUAgeing-236">[234]</a> The changes in demographic structure have created several social issues, particularly a decline in the workforce population and an increase in the cost of social security benefits.<a href="#cite_note-Walia-240">[238]</a> The Government of Japan projects that there will be almost one elderly person for each person of working age by 2060.<a href="#cite_note-IMFAgeing-239">[237]</a> <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Japan" title="Immigration to Japan">Immigration</a> and birth incentives are sometimes suggested as a solution to provide younger workers to support the nation's aging population.<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> On April 1, 2019, Japan's revised immigration law was enacted, protecting the rights of foreign workers to help reduce labor shortages in certain sectors.<a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a> In 2022, 92% of the total Japanese population lived in cities.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a> The capital city, Tokyo, has a population of 13.9 million (2022).<a href="#cite_note-toukei-metro-246">[244]</a> It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Greater Tokyo Area</a>, the biggest <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas by population">metropolitan area</a> in the world with 38,140,000 people (2016).<a href="#cite_note-UN_Worlds_Cities-247">[245]</a> Japan is an ethnically and culturally <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_ranked_by_ethnic_and_cultural_diversity_level" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level">homogeneous society</a>,<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese people</a> forming 97.4% of the country's population.<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> Minority ethnic groups in the country include the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_people" title="Ryukyuan people">Ryukyuan people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">Zainichi Koreans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Japan" title="Chinese people in Japan">Chinese</a>,<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> <a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Japan" title="Filipinos in Japan">Filipinos</a>,<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> Brazilians mostly <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Brazilian">of Japanese descent</a>,<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> and Peruvians mostly <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peruvian" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Peruvian">of Japanese descent</a> are also among Japan's small minority groups.<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a> <a href="/wiki/Burakumin" title="Burakumin">Burakumin</a> make up a social minority group.<a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Japan" title="Template:Largest cities of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Japan <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/kokusei/2015/final_en/excel/s06.xls">2015 Census</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Japan_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Japan by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Japan" title="List of cities in Japan">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefecture</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Japan_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Japan by population">Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Japan_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Japan by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Japan" title="List of cities in Japan">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefecture</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Japan_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Japan by population">Pop.</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,272,740</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Prefecture" title="Hiroshima Prefecture">Hiroshima</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,194,034 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,724,844</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Miyagi_Prefecture" title="Miyagi Prefecture">Miyagi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,082,159 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture" title="Osaka Prefecture">Osaka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,691,185</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chiba_(city)" title="Chiba (city)">Chiba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">971,882 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture" title="Aichi Prefecture">Aichi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,295,638</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kitakyushu" title="Kitakyushu">Kitakyushu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture">Fukuoka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">961,286 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,952,356</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sakai" title="Sakai">Sakai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture" title="Osaka Prefecture">Osaka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">839,310 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture">Fukuoka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,538,681</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Niigata_(city)" title="Niigata (city)">Niigata</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Niigata_Prefecture" title="Niigata Prefecture">Niigata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">810,157 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecture" title="Hyōgo Prefecture">Hyōgo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,537,272</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu" title="Hamamatsu">Hamamatsu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">797,980 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa" title="Kawasaki, Kanagawa">Kawasaki</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,475,213</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto" title="Kumamoto">Kumamoto</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_Prefecture" title="Kumamoto Prefecture">Kumamoto</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">740,822 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prefecture" title="Kyoto Prefecture">Kyoto</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,475,183</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sagamihara" title="Sagamihara">Sagamihara</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">720,780 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saitama_(city)" title="Saitama (city)">Saitama</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saitama_Prefecture" title="Saitama Prefecture">Saitama</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,263,979</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Okayama" title="Okayama">Okayama</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Okayama_Prefecture" title="Okayama Prefecture">Okayama</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">719,474 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Japan" title="Languages of Japan">Languages of Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_(5023366778).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg/220px-%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg/330px-%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg/440px-%E8%B1%9A%E9%AA%A8%E3%82%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%81%E3%82%93_%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E_%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84_2010_%285023366778%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> signs</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a> is Japan's de facto national language and the primary written and spoken language of most people in the country.<a href="#cite_note-LangPolicy-257">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese writing</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">Chinese characters</a>) and two sets of <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabaries</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Cursive_script_(East_Asia)" title="Cursive script (East Asia)">cursive script</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radical_(Chinese_characters)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical (Chinese characters)">radicals</a> used by kanji), as well as the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Arabic numerals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> English has taken a major role in Japan as a business and international <a href="/wiki/Link_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Link language">link language</a>, and is a compulsory subject at the junior and senior high school levels.<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language" title="Japanese Sign Language">Japanese Sign Language</a> is the primary <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign language</a> used in Japan and has gained some official recognition, but its usage has been historically hindered by discriminatory policies and a lack of educational support.<a href="#cite_note-LangPolicy-257">[255]</a> Besides Japanese, the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amami_%C5%8Cshima_language" title="Amami Ōshima language">Amami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunigami_language" title="Kunigami language">Kunigami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miyakoan_language" title="Miyakoan language">Miyako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaeyama_language" title="Yaeyama language">Yaeyama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yonaguni_language" title="Yonaguni language">Yonaguni</a>), part of the <a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic language family</a>, are spoken in the Ryukyu Islands chain.<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> Few children learn these languages,<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> but local governments have sought to increase awareness of the traditional languages.<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu language</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">language isolate</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Moribund_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moribund language">moribund</a>, with only a few native speakers remaining as of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a> Additionally, a number of other languages are taught and used by ethnic minorities, immigrant communities, and a growing number of foreign-language students, such as <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> (including a distinct <a href="/wiki/Zainichi_Korean_language" title="Zainichi Korean language">Zainichi Korean dialect</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LangPolicy-257">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Religion in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Itsukushima_Shrine_Torii_Gate_(13890465459).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Itsukushima_Shrine_Torii_Gate_%2813890465459%29.jpg/220px-Itsukushima_Shrine_Torii_Gate_%2813890465459%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Itsukushima_Shrine_Torii_Gate_%2813890465459%29.jpg/330px-Itsukushima_Shrine_Torii_Gate_%2813890465459%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Itsukushima_Shrine_Torii_Gate_%2813890465459%29.jpg/440px-Itsukushima_Shrine_Torii_Gate_%2813890465459%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">torii</a> of <a href="/wiki/Itsukushima_Shrine" title="Itsukushima Shrine">Itsukushima Shinto Shrine</a> near <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a></figcaption></figure> Japan's constitution guarantees full religious freedom.<a href="#cite_note-Inoue2007-264">[262]</a> Upper estimates suggest that 84–96 percent of the Japanese population subscribe to <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> as its indigenous religion.<a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a> However, these estimates are based on people <a href="/wiki/Danka_system" title="Danka system">affiliated</a> with a temple, rather than the number of true believers. Many Japanese people practice both Shinto and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhism</a>; they can identify with both religions or describe themselves as non-religious or spiritual.<a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> The level of participation in religious ceremonies as a cultural tradition remains high, especially during <a href="/wiki/Japanese_festivals" title="Japanese festivals">festivals</a> and occasions such as the <a href="/wiki/Hatsum%C5%8Dde" title="Hatsumōde">first shrine visit</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">New Year</a>.<a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taoism_in_Japan" title="Taoism in Japan">Taoism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucianism in Japan">Confucianism</a> from China have also influenced Japanese beliefs and customs.<a href="#cite_note-Totman_2005-32">[30]</a> Today, 1%<a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a> to 1.5% of the population are <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Japan" title="Christianity in Japan">Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[267]</a> Throughout the latest century, Western customs originally related to Christianity (including <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Japan" title="Marriage in Japan">Western style weddings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>) have become popular as secular customs among many Japanese.<a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> About 90% of those practicing <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Japan" title="Islam in Japan">Islam in Japan</a> are foreign-born migrants as of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a> there were an estimated 105 <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> and 200,000 Muslims in Japan, 43,000 of which were Japanese nationals.<a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a> Other minority religions include <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Japan" title="Hinduism in Japan">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Japan">Judaism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Japan" title="Baháʼí Faith in Japan">Baháʼí Faith</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Animist" class="mw-redirect" title="Animist">animist</a> beliefs of the Ainu.<a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Japan" title="Education in Japan">Education in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_6.JPG/220px-Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_6.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_6.JPG/330px-Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_6.JPG/440px-Tokyo_University_Entrance_Exam_Results_6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Students celebrating after the announcement of the results of the <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Japan#University_entrance" title="Higher education in Japan">entrance examinations</a> to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a></figcaption></figure> Since the 1947 <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Law_of_Education" title="Fundamental Law of Education">Fundamental Law of Education</a>, compulsory education in Japan comprises <a href="/wiki/Elementary_schools_in_Japan" title="Elementary schools in Japan">elementary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_Japan#Junior_high_school" title="Secondary education in Japan">junior high school</a>, which together last for nine years.<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a> Almost all children continue their education at a three-year <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_Japan" title="Secondary education in Japan">senior high school</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a> The top-ranking university in the country is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a> Starting in April 2016, various schools began the academic year with elementary school and junior high school integrated into one nine-year compulsory schooling program; <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology">MEXT</a> plans for this approach to be adopted nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment" title="Programme for International Student Assessment">Programme for International Student Assessment</a> (PISA) coordinated by the OECD ranks the knowledge and skills of Japanese 15-year-olds as the third best in the world.<a href="#cite_note-OECD_Student_performance-278">[276]</a> Japan is one of the top-performing <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> countries in reading literacy, math, and sciences with the average student scoring 520 and has one of the world's highest-educated labor forces among OECD countries.<a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-OECD_Student_performance-278">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a> It spent 7.4% of its total GDP on education as of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a> In 2021, the country ranked third for the percentage of 25- to 64-year-olds that have attained tertiary education with 55.6%.<a href="#cite_note-OECD_GPS_Education-282">[280]</a> Approximately 65% of Japanese aged 25 to 34 have some form of tertiary education qualification, with bachelor's degrees being held by 34.2% of Japanese aged 25 to 64, the second most in the OECD after <a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Korea" title="Education in South Korea">South Korea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OECD_GPS_Education-282">[280]</a> Japanese women are more highly educated than the men: 59 percent of women possess a university degree, compared to 52 percent of men.<a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Japan" title="Health in Japan">Health in Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_care_system_in_Japan" title="Health care system in Japan">Health care system in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Tokyo_Hospital.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/University_of_Tokyo_Hospital.JPG/260px-University_of_Tokyo_Hospital.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/University_of_Tokyo_Hospital.JPG/390px-University_of_Tokyo_Hospital.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/University_of_Tokyo_Hospital.JPG/520px-University_of_Tokyo_Hospital.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo_Hospital" title="University of Tokyo Hospital">University of Tokyo Hospital</a></figcaption></figure> Health care in Japan is provided by national and local governments. Payment for personal medical services is offered through a universal health insurance system that provides relative equality of access, with fees set by a government committee. People without insurance through employers can participate in a national health insurance program administered by local governments.<a href="#cite_note-Ikegami2014-284">[282]</a> Since 1973, all elderly persons have been covered by government-sponsored insurance.<a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> Japan spent 10.82% of its total GDP on healthcare in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a> In 2020, the overall life expectancy in Japan at birth was 85 years (82 years for men and 88 years for women),<a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">highest</a> in the world;<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a> while it had a very low <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality rate</a> (2 per 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Live_birth_(human)" title="Live birth (human)">live births</a>).<a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a> Since 1981, the principal cause of death in Japan is <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, which accounted for 27% of the total deaths in 2018—followed by <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular diseases</a>, which led to 15% of the deaths.<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a> Japan has one of the world's <a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Japan" title="Suicide in Japan">highest suicide rates</a>, which is considered a major social issue.<a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> Another significant public health issue is <a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Japan" title="Smoking in Japan">smoking among Japanese men</a>.<a href="#cite_note-293">[291]</a> Japan has the lowest rate of heart disease in the OECD, and the lowest level of <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a> among developed countries.<a href="#cite_note-294">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Culture of Japan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_popular_culture" title="Japanese popular culture">Japanese popular culture</a></div> Contemporary Japanese culture combines influences from Asia, Europe, and North America.<a href="#cite_note-Haffner-295">[293]</a> Traditional Japanese arts include <a href="/wiki/Japanese_handicrafts" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese handicrafts">crafts</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Japanese_pottery_and_porcelain" title="Japanese pottery and porcelain">ceramics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimono" title="Kimono">textiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_lacquerware" title="Japanese lacquerware">lacquerware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_sword" title="Japanese sword">swords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_traditional_dolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese traditional dolls">dolls</a>; performances of <a href="/wiki/Bunraku" title="Bunraku">bunraku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">kabuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">noh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_traditional_dance" title="Japanese traditional dance">dance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rakugo" title="Rakugo">rakugo</a>; and other practices, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">tea ceremony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">ikebana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">martial arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_calligraphy" title="Japanese calligraphy">calligraphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">origami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onsen" title="Onsen">onsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geisha" title="Geisha">Geisha</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Japanese games">games</a>. Japan has a developed system for the protection and promotion of both tangible and intangible <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Properties_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Properties of Japan">Cultural Properties</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Treasures_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Treasures of Japan">National Treasures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">Twenty-two sites</a> have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, eighteen of which are of cultural significance.<a href="#cite_note-unesco1-297">[295]</a> Japan is considered a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_superpower" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural superpower">cultural superpower</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_and_architecture">Art and architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japanese art</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Japanese architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_garden" title="Japanese garden">Japanese garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_esthetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese esthetics">Japanese esthetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_painting" title="Japanese painting">Japanese painting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_sculpture" title="Japanese sculpture">Japanese sculpture</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/149px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/224px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/298px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4335" data-file-height="2990" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Hokusai" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a>'s 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> <a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing_in_Japan" title="Woodblock printing in Japan">woodblock print</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa" title="The Great Wave off Kanagawa">The Great Wave off Kanagawa</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg/155px-150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg/233px-150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg/310px-150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ritsurin_Garden" title="Ritsurin Garden">Ritsurin Garden</a>, one of the most famous strolling gardens in Japan</div></div></div></div></div> The history of Japanese painting exhibits synthesis and competition between native Japanese esthetics and imported ideas.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-302">[300]</a> The interaction between Japanese and European art has been significant: for example <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> prints, which began to be exported in the 19th century in the movement known as <a href="/wiki/Japonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonism">Japonism</a>, had a significant influence on the development of modern art in the West, most notably on <a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">post-Impressionism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-302">[300]</a> Japanese architecture is a combination of local and other influences. It has traditionally been typified by wooden or mud plaster structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs.<a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a> <a href="/wiki/Minka" title="Minka">Traditional housing</a> and many <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture" title="Japanese Buddhist architecture">temple buildings</a> see the use of <a href="/wiki/Tatami" title="Tatami">tatami</a> mats and <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dji" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōji">sliding doors</a> that break down the distinction between rooms and indoor and outdoor space.<a href="#cite_note-304">[302]</a> Since the 19th century, Japan has incorporated much of Western <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern architecture</a> into construction and design.<a href="#cite_note-305">[303]</a> It was not until after World War II that Japanese architects made an impression on the international scene, firstly with the work of architects like <a href="/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D_Tange" title="Kenzō Tange">Kenzō Tange</a> and then with movements like <a href="/wiki/Metabolist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolist Movement">Metabolism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-306">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature_and_philosophy">Literature and philosophy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_literature" title="Japanese literature">Japanese literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_poetry" title="Japanese poetry">Japanese poetry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_philosophy" title="Japanese philosophy">Japanese philosophy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg/220px-Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg/330px-Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg/440px-Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>12th-century <a href="/wiki/Genji_Monogatari_Emaki" title="Genji Monogatari Emaki">illustrated handscroll</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Genji" title="The Tale of Genji">The Tale of Genji</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_Treasures_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Treasures of Japan">National Treasure</a></figcaption></figure> The earliest works of Japanese literature include the <a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a> chronicles and the <a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB" title="Man'yōshū">Man'yōshū</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_poetry_anthologies" title="List of Japanese poetry anthologies">poetry anthology</a>, all from the 8th century and written in Chinese characters.<a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[306]</a> In the early Heian period, the system of <a href="/wiki/Phonogram_(linguistics)" title="Phonogram (linguistics)">phonograms</a> known as kana (<a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a>) was developed.<a href="#cite_note-309">[307]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Bamboo_Cutter" title="The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter">The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter</a> is considered the oldest extant Japanese narrative.<a href="#cite_note-310">[308]</a> An account of court life is given in <a href="/wiki/The_Pillow_Book" title="The Pillow Book">The Pillow Book</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sei_Sh%C5%8Dnagon" title="Sei Shōnagon">Sei Shōnagon</a>, while <a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Genji" title="The Tale of Genji">The Tale of Genji</a> by <a href="/wiki/Murasaki_Shikibu" title="Murasaki Shikibu">Murasaki Shikibu</a> is often described as the world's first novel.<a href="#cite_note-311">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[310]</a> During the Edo period, the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dnin" title="Chōnin">chōnin</a> ("townspeople") overtook the samurai aristocracy as producers and consumers of literature. The popularity of the works of <a href="/wiki/Saikaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Saikaku">Saikaku</a>, for example, reveals this change in readership and authorship, while <a href="/wiki/Matsuo_Bash%C5%8D" title="Matsuo Bashō">Bashō</a> revivified the poetic tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Kokinsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokinshū">Kokinshū</a> with his <a href="/wiki/Haikai" title="Haikai">haikai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">haiku</a>) and wrote the poetic travelogue <a href="/wiki/Oku_no_Hosomichi" title="Oku no Hosomichi">Oku no Hosomichi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-313">[311]</a> The Meiji era saw the decline of traditional literary forms as Japanese literature integrated Western influences. <a href="/wiki/Natsume_S%C5%8Dseki" title="Natsume Sōseki">Natsume Sōseki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mori_%C5%8Cgai" title="Mori Ōgai">Mori Ōgai</a> were significant novelists in the early 20th century, followed by <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABnosuke_Akutagawa" title="Ryūnosuke Akutagawa">Ryūnosuke Akutagawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jun%27ichir%C5%8D_Tanizaki" title="Jun'ichirō Tanizaki">Jun'ichirō Tanizaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaf%C5%AB_Nagai" title="Kafū Nagai">Kafū Nagai</a> and, more recently, <a href="/wiki/Haruki_Murakami" title="Haruki Murakami">Haruki Murakami</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenji_Nakagami" title="Kenji Nakagami">Kenji Nakagami</a>. Japan has two <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize-winning</a> authors – <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a> (1968) and <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a> (1994).<a href="#cite_note-314">[312]</a> Japanese philosophy has historically been a <a href="/wiki/Information_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Information fusion">fusion</a> of both foreign, particularly <a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western</a>, and uniquely Japanese elements. In its literary forms, Japanese philosophy began about fourteen centuries ago. Confucian ideals remain evident in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese society">Japanese concept of society</a> and the self, and in the organization of the government and the structure of society.<a href="#cite_note-Japanese_Confucian_Philosophy-315">[313]</a> Buddhism has profoundly impacted Japanese psychology, metaphysics, and esthetics.<a href="#cite_note-316">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Music of Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Japan" title="Theatre of Japan">Theatre of Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg/220px-%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg/330px-%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg/440px-%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BC%E7%AF%A0%E5%B1%B1%E3%83%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8DP1011774.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">Noh</a> performance at a Shinto shrine</figcaption></figure> Japanese music is eclectic and diverse. Many <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Japanese musical instruments">instruments</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Koto_(instrument)" title="Koto (instrument)">koto</a>, were introduced in the 9th and 10th centuries. The popular <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan#Folk_music" title="Music of Japan">folk music</a>, with the guitar-like <a href="/wiki/Shamisen" title="Shamisen">shamisen</a>, dates from the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-317">[315]</a> Western classical music, introduced in the late 19th century, forms an integral part of Japanese culture.<a href="#cite_note-318">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taiko#Kumi-daiko" title="Taiko">Kumi-daiko</a> (ensemble drumming) was developed in postwar Japan and became very popular in North America.<a href="#cite_note-319">[317]</a> Popular music in post-war Japan has been heavily influenced by American and European trends, which has led to the evolution of <a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">J-pop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[318]</a> <a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">Karaoke</a> is a significant cultural activity.<a href="#cite_note-321">[319]</a> The four traditional theaters from Japan are <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">noh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dgen" title="Kyōgen">kyōgen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">kabuki</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bunraku" title="Bunraku">bunraku</a>.<a href="#cite_note-322">[320]</a> Noh is one of the oldest continuous theater traditions in the world.<a href="#cite_note-323">[321]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Cinema of Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Japan">Media of Japan</a></div> According to the 2015 NHK survey on television viewing in Japan, 79 percent of Japanese watch television daily.<a href="#cite_note-324">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_television_drama" title="Japanese television drama">Japanese television dramas</a> are viewed both within Japan and internationally.<a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a> Many Japanese <a href="/wiki/Media_franchise" title="Media franchise">media franchises</a> have gained considerable global popularity and are among the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_media_franchises" title="List of highest-grossing media franchises">highest-grossing media franchises</a>. <a href="/wiki/Japanese_newspapers" title="Japanese newspapers">Japanese newspapers</a> are among the most circulated in the world as of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-326">[324]</a> Japan has one of the oldest and largest film industries globally.<a href="#cite_note-327">[325]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishir%C5%8D_Honda" title="Ishirō Honda">Ishirō Honda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(1954_film)" title="Godzilla (1954 film)">Godzilla</a> became an international icon of Japan and spawned an entire subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">kaiju</a> films, as well as the longest-running film franchise in history.<a href="#cite_note-328">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[327]</a> Japanese comics, known as manga, developed in the mid-20th century and have become popular <a href="/wiki/Manga_outside_Japan" title="Manga outside Japan">worldwide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kinko_Ito_456–475-330">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[329]</a> A large number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_manga" title="List of best-selling manga">manga series</a> have become some of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_comic_series" title="List of best-selling comic series">best-selling comics series</a> of all time, rivalling the <a href="/wiki/American_comic_book" title="American comic book">American comics industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-332">[330]</a> Japanese animated films and television series, known as anime, were largely influenced by Japanese manga and have become highly popular globally.<a href="#cite_note-333">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[332]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holidays">Holidays</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Japan" title="Public holidays in Japan">Public holidays in Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_festivals" title="Japanese festivals">Japanese festivals</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_ladies_at_Harajuku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Young_ladies_at_Harajuku.jpg/220px-Young_ladies_at_Harajuku.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Young_ladies_at_Harajuku.jpg/330px-Young_ladies_at_Harajuku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Young_ladies_at_Harajuku.jpg/440px-Young_ladies_at_Harajuku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2454" data-file-height="2367" /></a><figcaption>Young women celebrate <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_Age_Day" title="Coming of Age Day">Coming of Age Day</a> (成人の日, Seijin no Hi) in <a href="/wiki/Harajuku" title="Harajuku">Harajuku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.</figcaption></figure> Officially, Japan has 16 national, government-recognized holidays. Public holidays in Japan are regulated by the Public Holiday Law (国民の祝日に関する法律, Kokumin no Shukujitsu ni Kansuru Hōritsu) of 1948.<a href="#cite_note-335">[333]</a> Beginning in 2000, Japan implemented the <a href="/wiki/Happy_Monday_System" title="Happy Monday System">Happy Monday System</a>, which moved a number of national holidays to Monday in order to obtain a long weekend.<a href="#cite_note-336">[334]</a> The national holidays in Japan are <a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">New Year's Day</a> on January 1, <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_Age_Day" title="Coming of Age Day">Coming of Age Day</a> on the second Monday of January, <a href="/wiki/National_Foundation_Day_(Japan)" title="National Foundation Day (Japan)">National Foundation Day</a> on February 11, <a href="/wiki/The_Emperor%27s_Birthday" title="The Emperor's Birthday">The Emperor's Birthday</a> on February 23, <a href="/wiki/Vernal_Equinox_Day" title="Vernal Equinox Day">Vernal Equinox Day</a> on March 20 or 21, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Day" title="Shōwa Day">Shōwa Day</a> on April 29, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Memorial_Day" title="Constitution Memorial Day">Constitution Memorial Day</a> on May 3, <a href="/wiki/Greenery_Day" title="Greenery Day">Greenery Day</a> on May 4, <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day_(Japan)" title="Children's Day (Japan)">Children's Day</a> on May 5, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Day" title="Marine Day">Marine Day</a> on the third Monday of July, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Day" title="Mountain Day">Mountain Day</a> on August 11, <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_the_Aged_Day" title="Respect for the Aged Day">Respect for the Aged Day</a> on the third Monday of September, <a href="/wiki/September_equinox" title="September equinox">Autumnal Equinox</a> on September 23 or 24, <a href="/wiki/Health_and_Sports_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Health and Sports Day">Health and Sports Day</a> on the second Monday of October, <a href="/wiki/Culture_Day" title="Culture Day">Culture Day</a> on November 3, and <a href="/wiki/Labor_Thanksgiving_Day" title="Labor Thanksgiving Day">Labor Thanksgiving Day</a> on November 23.<a href="#cite_note-337">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_West_sushi_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/East_West_sushi_01.jpg/220px-East_West_sushi_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/East_West_sushi_01.jpg/330px-East_West_sushi_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/East_West_sushi_01.jpg/440px-East_West_sushi_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6798" data-file-height="4492" /></a><figcaption>A plate of <a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">nigiri-zushi</a></figcaption></figure> Japanese cuisine offers a vast array of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_regional_cuisine" title="Japanese regional cuisine">regional specialties</a> that use traditional recipes and local ingredients.<a href="#cite_note-338">[336]</a> Seafood and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_rice" title="Japanese rice">Japanese rice</a> or <a href="/wiki/Japanese_noodles" title="Japanese noodles">noodles</a> are traditional staples.<a href="#cite_note-339">[337]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_curry" title="Japanese curry">Japanese curry</a>, since its introduction to Japan from <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>, is so widely consumed that it can be termed a <a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">national dish</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">sushi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-340">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[339]</a> Traditional Japanese sweets are known as wagashi.<a href="#cite_note-Goldstein2015-342">[340]</a> Ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Red_bean_paste" title="Red bean paste">red bean paste</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">mochi</a> are used. More modern-day tastes include <a href="/wiki/Green_tea_ice_cream" title="Green tea ice cream">green tea ice cream</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FujitaStallings2008-343">[341]</a> Popular Japanese beverages include <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a>, a brewed rice beverage that typically contains 14–17% alcohol and is made by multiple fermentation of rice.<a href="#cite_note-Batt2014-344">[342]</a> Beer has been brewed in Japan since the late 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-BoultonQuain2013-345">[343]</a> <a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">Green tea</a> is produced in Japan and prepared in forms such as <a href="/wiki/Matcha" title="Matcha">matcha</a>, used in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Japanese tea ceremony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-346">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Japan">Sport in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aki_basho_dohy%C5%8D-iri_on_Sept._28_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aki_basho_dohy%C5%8D-iri_on_Sept._28_2014.jpg/220px-Aki_basho_dohy%C5%8D-iri_on_Sept._28_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aki_basho_dohy%C5%8D-iri_on_Sept._28_2014.jpg/330px-Aki_basho_dohy%C5%8D-iri_on_Sept._28_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aki_basho_dohy%C5%8D-iri_on_Sept._28_2014.jpg/440px-Aki_basho_dohy%C5%8D-iri_on_Sept._28_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a> wrestlers form around the referee during the ring-entering ceremony.</figcaption></figure> Traditionally, <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo</a> is considered Japan's national sport.<a href="#cite_note-347">[345]</a> Japanese martial arts such as <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kendo" title="Kendo">kendo</a> are taught as part of the compulsory junior high school curriculum.<a href="#cite_note-348">[346]</a> <a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_Japan" title="Baseball in Japan">Baseball</a> is the most popular sport in the country.<a href="#cite_note-349">[347]</a> Japan's top professional league, <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> (NPB), was established in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-350">[348]</a> Since the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/J.League" title="J.League">Japan Professional Football League</a> (J.League) in 1992, association football gained a wide following.<a href="#cite_note-351">[349]</a> The country co-hosted the <a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2002 FIFA World Cup">2002 FIFA World Cup</a> with South Korea.<a href="#cite_note-352">[350]</a> Japan has one of the most successful football teams in Asia, winning the <a href="/wiki/AFC_Asian_Cup" title="AFC Asian Cup">Asian Cup</a> four times,<a href="#cite_note-353">[351]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2011_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2011 FIFA Women's World Cup">FIFA Women's World Cup</a> in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-354">[352]</a> Golf is also popular in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-355">[353]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">motorsport</a>, Japanese automotive manufacturers have been successful in multiple different categories, with titles and victories in series such as <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" title="Grand Prix motorcycle racing">MotoGP</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-356">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[356]</a> Drivers from Japan have victories at the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500">Indianapolis 500</a> and the <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</a> as well as podium finishes in Formula One, in addition to success in domestic championships.<a href="#cite_note-359">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[358]</a> <a href="/wiki/Super_GT" title="Super GT">Super GT</a> is the most popular national racing series in Japan, while <a href="/wiki/Super_Formula_Championship" title="Super Formula Championship">Super Formula</a> is the top-level domestic open-wheel series.<a href="#cite_note-361">[359]</a> The country hosts major races such as the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Grand_Prix" title="Japanese Grand Prix">Japanese Grand Prix</a>.<a href="#cite_note-362">[360]</a> Japan hosted the Summer Olympics in <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">Tokyo in 1964</a> and the Winter Olympics in <a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">Sapporo in 1972</a> and <a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">Nagano in 1998</a>.<a href="#cite_note-363">[361]</a> The country hosted the official <a href="/wiki/2006_Basketball_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Basketball World Championship">2006 Basketball World Championship</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[362]</a> and co-hosted the <a href="/wiki/2023_Basketball_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Basketball World Championship">2023 Basketball World Championship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[363]</a> Tokyo hosted the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a> in 2021, making Tokyo the first Asian city to host the Olympics twice.<a href="#cite_note-366">[364]</a> The country gained the hosting rights for the official <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Volleyball_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Volleyball World Championship">Women's Volleyball World Championship</a> on five occasions, more than any other country.<a href="#cite_note-367">[365]</a> Japan is the most successful Asian <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">Rugby Union</a> country<a href="#cite_note-368">[366]</a> and hosted the 2019 IRB <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-369">[367]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Japan-related_articles" title="Index of Japan-related articles">Index of Japan-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Japan" title="Outline of Japan">Outline of Japan</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> The Government of Japan uses a <a href="/wiki/Government_Seal_of_Japan" title="Government Seal of Japan">different seal</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 日本, Nihon <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɲihoꜜɴ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/92\/Ja-nihon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg\/Ja-nihon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ja-nihon(\u65e5\u672c).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Ja-nihon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg/Ja-nihon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Ja-nihon(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC).ogg" title="File:Ja-nihon(日本).ogg">ⓘ</a> or Nippon <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɲippoꜜɴ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/db\/Ja-nippon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg\/Ja-nippon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ja-nippon(\u65e5\u672c).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Ja-nippon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg/Ja-nippon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Ja-nippon(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC).ogg" title="File:Ja-nippon(日本).ogg">ⓘ</a>, formally 日本国, Nihon-koku or Nippon-koku. In Japanese, the name of the country as it appears on official documents, including <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">the country's constitution</a>, is 日本国, meaning "State of Japan". The short name 日本 is also often used officially. In English, the official name of the country is simply "Japan".<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLewallen2008" class="citation news cs1">Lewallen, Ann-Elise (November 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231023122729/https://apjjf.org/-ann-elise-lewallen/2971/article.html">"Indigenous at last! 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University of Chicago Press. pp. 76, 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-08079-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-08079-6"><bdi>978-0-226-08079-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London%3A+The+Selden+Map+and+the+Making+of+a+Global+City%2C+1549%E2%80%931689&rft.pages=76%2C+79&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-226-08079-6&rft.aulast=Batchelor&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgiZnAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2008" class="citation news cs1">Hoffman, Michael (July 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825151317/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2008/07/27/general/cipangus-landlocked-isles">"Cipangu's landlocked isles"</a>. The Japan Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2008/07/27/general/cipangus-landlocked-isles/">the original</a> on August 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Cipangu%27s+landlocked+isles&rft.date=2008-07-27&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Flife%2F2008%2F07%2F27%2Fgeneral%2Fcipangus-landlocked-isles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLach2010" class="citation book cs1">Lach, Donald (2010). Asia in the Making of Europe. Vol. I. University of Chicago Press. p. 157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+Making+of+Europe&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lach&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMancall2006" class="citation book cs1">Mancall, Peter C. (2006). "Of the Ilande of Giapan, 1565". Travel Narratives from the Age of Discovery: an anthology. 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Quaternary International. 471: 385–395. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2017.12.012">10.1016/j.quaint.2017.12.012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+International&rft.atitle=Geology+and+Quaternary+environments+of+the+Tategahana+Paleolithic+site+in+Nojiri-ko+%28Lake+Nojiri%29%2C+Nagano%2C+central+Japan&rft.volume=471&rft.pages=385-395&rft.date=2018-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2017.12.012&rft.aulast=Kondo&rft.aufirst=Y.&rft.au=Takeshita%2C+Y.&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+T.&rft.au=Seki%2C+M.&rft.au=Nojiri-ko+Excavation+Research+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1040618217300307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabu2004" class="citation book cs1">Habu, Junko (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vGnAbTyTynsC&pg=PA43">Ancient Jomon of Japan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77670-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77670-7"><bdi>978-0-521-77670-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Jomon+of+Japan&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77670-7&rft.aulast=Habu&rft.aufirst=Junko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvGnAbTyTynsC%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jomo/hd_jomo.htm">"Jōmon Culture (ca. 10,500–ca. 300 B.C.)"</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213222716/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jomo/hd_jomo.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J%C5%8Dmon+Culture+%28ca.+10%2C500%E2%80%93ca.+300+B.C.%29&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fjomo%2Fhd_jomo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWade2011" class="citation news cs1">Wade, Nicholas (May 4, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/04/science/04language.html">"Finding on Dialects Casts New Light on the Origins of the Japanese People"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331175152/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/04/science/04language.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Finding+on+Dialects+Casts+New+Light+on+the+Origins+of+the+Japanese+People&rft.date=2011-05-04&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F04%2Fscience%2F04language.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVovin2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vovin" title="Alexander Vovin">Vovin, Alexander</a> (2017). "Origins of the Japanese Language". 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-25.html">the original</a> on April 30, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Road+of+rice+plant&rft.pub=National+Science+Museum+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kahaku.go.jp%2Fspecial%2Fpast%2Fjapanese%2Fipix%2F5%2F5-25.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kofu/hd_kofu.htm">"Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)"</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221210151/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kofu/hd_kofu.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kofun+Period+%28ca.+300%E2%80%93710%29&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fkofu%2Fhd_kofu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm">"Yayoi Culture (ca. 300 B.C.–300 A.D.)"</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200104161858/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yayoi+Culture+%28ca.+300+B.C.%E2%80%93300+A.D.%29&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fyayo%2Fhd_yayo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendry2012" class="citation book cs1">Hendry, Joy (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingjap00hend">Understanding Japanese Society</a>. Routledge. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-27918-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-27918-8"><bdi>978-1-136-27918-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Japanese+Society&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-27918-8&rft.aulast=Hendry&rft.aufirst=Joy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funderstandingjap00hend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownHallJansenShively1988" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Delmer M.; Hall, John Whitney; Jansen, Marius B.; Shively, Donald H.; Twitchett, Denis (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A3_6lp8IOK8C&pg=PA141">The Cambridge History of Japan</a>. 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Blackwell. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2359-4"><bdi>978-1-4051-2359-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.pages=72&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sansom-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sansom_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sansom_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSansom1961" class="citation book cs1">Sansom, George (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0syC6L77dpAC">A History of Japan: 1334–1615</a>. 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Blackwell. pp. 107–108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2359-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2359-4"><bdi>978-1-4051-2359-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.pages=107-108&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2359-4&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_a_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTotman2002" class="citation book cs1">Totman, Conrad (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ">A History of Japan</a>. 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Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 24–52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-36918-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-36918-4"><bdi>978-0-230-36918-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Of+Courtiers+and+Warriors%3A+Early+and+Medieval+History+%28710%E2%80%931600%29&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+From+Stone+Age+to+Superpower&rft.pages=24-52&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-36918-4&rft.au=Henshall%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp5OL-k7A4mAC%26pg%3DPT40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHays2005" class="citation book cs1">Hays, J.N. 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Vol. 5, no. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124154805/https://apjjf.org/-Chris-Burgess/2389/article.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Asia-Pacific+Journal%3A+Japan+Focus&rft.atitle=Multicultural+Japan%3F+Discourse+and+the+%27Myth%27+of+Homogeneity&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2007-03-01&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F-Chris-Burgess%2F2389%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.html">"Population Estimates by Age (Five-Year Groups) and Sex"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Bureau_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistics Bureau of Japan">Statistics Bureau of Japan</a>. 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959369-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959369-9"><bdi>978-0-19-959369-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernism+and+the+Museum%3A+Asian%2C+African%2C+and+Pacific+Art+and+the+London+Avant-Garde&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959369-9&rft.aulast=Arrowsmith&rft.aufirst=Rupert+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMIBNXScRj3QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocher2012" class="citation book cs1">Locher, Mira (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=njnRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT26">Traditional Japanese Architecture: An Exploration of Elements and Forms</a>. 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Japan at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Japan" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Japan">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="c:日本">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Japan" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Japan">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Japan" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Japan">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Japan" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Japan">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Japan" class="extiw" title="voy:Japan">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> Government <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japan.go.jp/">JapanGov – The Government of Japan</a> (in English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japan.kantei.go.jp/index.html">Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet Official website</a> (in English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161120104322/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html">The Imperial Household Agency</a> – official site of the Imperial House of Japan (archived November 20, 2016)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndl.go.jp/en/index.html">National Diet Library</a></li></ul> General information <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090421051351/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/japan.htm">Japan</a> from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">UCB</a> Libraries GovPubs (archived April 21, 2009)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-14918801">Japan</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/japan/">Japan</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/382313">Japan</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japan_topics" title="Template:Japan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japan_topics" title="Template talk:Japan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japan</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Japan-related_articles" title="Index of Japan-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Japan-related_articles" title="Index of Japan-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Japan" title="Outline of Japan">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Eras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_clans" title="Japanese clans">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shoguns" title="List of shoguns">Shoguns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Japan" title="List of wars involving Japan">Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan" title="Economic history of Japan">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Japan" title="History of education in Japan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_foreign_relations" title="History of Japanese foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan" title="Military history of Japan">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Paleolithic" title="Japanese Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_Code" title="Taihō Code">Taihō Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuka_Kiyomihara_Code" title="Asuka Kiyomihara Code">Asuka Kiyomihara Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuh%C5%8D_period" title="Hakuhō period">Hakuhō period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monmu_period" title="Monmu period">Monmu period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Post-Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Mongol invasions of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_War" title="Genkō War">Genkō War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenmu_Restoration" title="Kenmu Restoration">Kenmu Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Elders" title="Council of Five Elders">Council of Five Elders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)">Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Bakumatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Constitution" title="Meiji Constitution">Imperial Constitution (1890–1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Meiji_Japan" title="Government of Meiji Japan">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_oligarchy" title="Meiji oligarchy">Meiji oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_han_system" title="Abolition of the han system">Abolition of the han system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion" title="Satsuma Rebellion">Satsuma Rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazoku" title="Kazoku">Kazoku</a> (noble)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan during World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">1923 Great Kantō earthquake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">Japan during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Japan" title="Postwar Japan">Postwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">Economic miracle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heisei_era" title="Heisei era">Heisei era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_imperial_transition" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition">2019 imperial transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_addressing_system" title="Japanese addressing system">Addresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Japan" title="Cities of Japan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Japan" title="Districts of Japan">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Japan" title="Environmental issues in Japan">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Japan" title="List of extreme points of Japan">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Japan" title="List of islands of Japan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Japan" title="List of lakes of Japan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Japan" title="List of regions of Japan">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Japan" title="List of rivers of Japan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Japan" title="List of towns in Japan">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Japan" title="List of villages in Japan">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Japan" title="Elections in Japan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Japan" title="List of emperors of Japan">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Japan" title="Human rights in Japan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Japan" title="LGBTQ rights in Japan">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Japan" title="Judicial system of Japan">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Japan" title="Supreme Court of Japan">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Japan" title="Law of Japan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Japan" title="Law enforcement in Japan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">House of Councillors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Diet_of_Japan" title="List of members of the Diet of Japan">List of members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Japan" title="List of political parties in Japan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Self-Defense Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Ground_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Ground Self-Defense Force">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Air</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Japan" title="Cabinet of Japan">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_cabinets" title="List of Japanese cabinets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_and_fiscal_policy_of_Japan" title="Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan">Fiscal policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Japan" title="Foreign policy of Japan">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_Japan" title="Ministries of Japan">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Japan" title="List of prime ministers of Japan">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Japan">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Japan" title="Economy of Japan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture,_forestry,_and_fishing_in_Japan" title="Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan">Agriculture, forestry, fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Japan" title="Bank of Japan">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_market_of_Japan" title="Labor market of Japan">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Japan" title="Manufacturing in Japan">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Japan" title="Energy in Japan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="Science and technology in Japan">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Japan" title="Communications in Japan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Japan" title="Transport in Japan">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Yen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Japan" title="Category:Society of Japan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-monarchism_in_Japan" title="Anti-monarchism in Japan">Anti-monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Japan" title="Censorship in Japan">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Japan" title="Crime in Japan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Japan" title="Demographics of Japan">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Japan" title="Education in Japan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Japan" title="Etiquette in Japan">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Japan" title="Gambling in Japan">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Japan" title="Health in Japan">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Japan" title="Housing in Japan">Housing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Japan" title="Homelessness in Japan">Homelessness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Japan" title="Languages of Japan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_prefectures_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Japanese prefectures by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Japan" title="Pornography in Japan">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Japan" title="Prostitution in Japan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Japan" title="Sex trafficking in Japan">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_minorities_in_Japan" title="Sexual minorities in Japan">Sexual minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Japan" title="Smoking in Japan">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Japan" title="Women in Japan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aesthetics" title="Japanese aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a> / <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_S_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class S (genre)">Class S (genre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_wine" title="Japanese wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_festivals" title="Japanese festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_folklore" title="Japanese folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_garden" title="Japanese garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisha" title="Geisha">Geisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_Japanese_games" title="List of traditional Japanese games">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikikomori" title="Hikikomori">Hikikomori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanami" title="Hanami">Hanami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henohenomoheji" title="Henohenomoheji">Henohenomoheji</a></li> <li>Icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">Ikebana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irezumi" title="Irezumi">Irezumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii" title="Kawaii">Kawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Japan" title="LGBTQ culture in Japan">LGBTQ culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_literature" title="Japanese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Japan" title="Mass media in Japan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Japan" title="National symbols of Japan">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-pan_kissa" title="No-pan kissa">No-pan kissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsen" title="Onsen">Onsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sent%C5%8D" title="Sentō">Sentō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otokonoko" title="Otokonoko">Otokonoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">Origami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Japan">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Tea ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Japan" title="Television in Japan">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Japan" title="Theatre of Japan">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Japan" title="Video games in Japan">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Zen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Japan" title="Category:Japan">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px_Topics_related_to_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="25px_Topics_related_to_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png/25px-Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> Topics related to Japan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="East_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Asian_topics" title="Template:East Asian topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Asian_topics" title="Template talk:East Asian topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Asian_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Asian topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="East_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_countries" title="Category:East Asian countries">Countries and regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_Province" title="Jeju Province">Jeju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/80px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/160px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_people" title="Yamato people">Yamato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Koreans" title="Sakhalin Koreans">in Sakhalin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha in Mongolia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_people" title="Ryukyuan people">Ryukyuans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">other ethnic groups in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">unrecognized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">historical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of East Asia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">Age reckoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_architecture" title="Category:East Asian architecture">Architecture‎</a></li> <li>Art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_art" title="Taiwanese art">Taiwanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_blepharoplasty" title="East Asian blepharoplasty">Blepharoplasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Buddhism" title="East Asian Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_calligraphy" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Dance in East Asia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_knotting" title="Chinese knotting">Chinese knotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_festivals_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Cultural festivals in East Asia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design#East_Asian_gardens" title="Garden design">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_hip-and-gable_roof" title="East Asian hip-and-gable roof">Hip-and-gable roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_East_Asia" title="Languages of East Asia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_literature" title="East Asian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_M%C4%81dhyamaka" title="East Asian Mādhyamaka">Mādhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Music of East Asia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_mythology" title="Category:East Asian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Xenic_pronunciations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Xenic pronunciations">Sino-Xenic pronunciations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_East_Asian_surnames" title="Lists of East Asian surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Television_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Television in East Asia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_typography" title="East Asian typography">Typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra" title="East Asian Yogācāra">Yogācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Environment of East Asia">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Climate_Partnership" title="East Asia Climate Partnership">East Asia Climate Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Monsoon">Monsoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_rainy_season" title="East Asian rainy season">Rainy season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Asiatic_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Asiatic Region">Flora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_East_Asia" title="Economy of East Asia">Economy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Politics of East Asia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_model" title="East Asian model">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="East Asian Bureau of Economic Research">East Asian Bureau of Economic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Community" title="East Asian Community">East Asian Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" title="Four Asian Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_East_Asia" title="Human rights in East Asia">Human rights in East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_stock_exchanges#East_Asian" title="List of Asian stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_East_Asia" title="History of East Asia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Archaeology of East Asia">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_cultures_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Archaeological cultures of East Asia">Archaeological cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age#East_Asia" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Former countries in East Asia">Former countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Sport in East Asia">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Friendship_Athletic_Meeting" title="China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting">China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Football_Federation" title="East Asian Football Federation">East Asian Football Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Games" title="East Asian Games">East Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Judo_Championships" title="East Asian Judo Championships">East Asian Judo Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_martial_arts" title="Category:East Asian martial arts">East Asian martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Youth_Games" title="East Asian Youth Games">East Asian Youth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAFF_E-1_Football_Championship" title="EAFF E-1 Football Championship">EAFF E-1 Football Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Education in East Asia">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_East_Asian_Research_Universities" title="Association of East Asian Research Universities">Association of East Asian Research Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossAsia" title="CrossAsia">CrossAsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Economic_Review" title="East Asian Economic Review">East Asian Economic Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Image_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Image Collection">East Asia Image Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Law_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Law Review">East Asia Law Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_studies" title="East Asian studies">East Asian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_East_Asian_Studies" title="Journal of East Asian Studies">Journal of East Asian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Institute_(Ludwigshafen)" title="East Asia Institute (Ludwigshafen)">Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Military in East Asia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_East_Asian_warfare" title="Horses in East Asian warfare">Horses in East Asian warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansensh%C5%ABkai" title="Bansenshūkai">Bansenshūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi" title="Miyamoto Musashi">Miyamoto Musashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Five_Rings" title="The Book of Five Rings">The Book of Five Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin" title="Yi Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Science and technology in East Asia">Science and technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Needham_Research_Institute" title="Needham Research Institute">Needham Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing_in_East_Asia" title="History of printing in East Asia">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_swords" title="Category:East Asian swords">Swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_traditional_medicine" title="Category:East Asian traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_and_prefectures_of_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist hlist-hyphen mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_and_administrative_divisions_of_Japan" title="Template:Regions and administrative divisions of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_and_administrative_divisions_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Regions and administrative divisions of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_and_administrative_divisions_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions and administrative divisions of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_and_prefectures_of_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Japan" title="List of regions of Japan">Regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">prefectures of Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Japan" title="List of regions of Japan">Regions</a> & subregions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanp%C5%8D_Islands" title="Nanpō Islands">Nanpō Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABbu_region" title="Chūbu region">Chūbu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokuriku_region" title="Hokuriku region">Hokuriku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dshin%27etsu_region" title="Kōshin'etsu region">Kōshin'etsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27etsu_region" title="Shin'etsu region">Shin'etsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dkai_region" title="Tōkai region">Tōkai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansai_region" title="Kansai region">Kansai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San%27in_region" title="San'in region">San'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San%27y%C5%8D_region" title="San'yō region">San'yō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Kyushu" title="Northern Kyushu">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kyushu" title="Southern Kyushu">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.png/160px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.png/240px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.png/320px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_2.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="755" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right: 4px solid #FF8585"><a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right: 4px solid #FFFB91"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aomori_Prefecture" title="Aomori Prefecture">Aomori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwate_Prefecture" title="Iwate Prefecture">Iwate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyagi_Prefecture" title="Miyagi Prefecture">Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akita_Prefecture" title="Akita Prefecture">Akita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Prefecture" title="Yamagata Prefecture">Yamagata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture" title="Fukushima Prefecture">Fukushima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right: 4px solid #79FF76"><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibaraki_Prefecture" title="Ibaraki Prefecture">Ibaraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tochigi_Prefecture" title="Tochigi Prefecture">Tochigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunma_Prefecture" title="Gunma Prefecture">Gunma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saitama_Prefecture" title="Saitama Prefecture">Saitama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right: 4px solid #8BFFE8"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABbu_region" title="Chūbu region">Chūbu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niigata_Prefecture" title="Niigata Prefecture">Niigata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyama_Prefecture" title="Toyama Prefecture">Toyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Prefecture" title="Ishikawa Prefecture">Ishikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukui_Prefecture" title="Fukui Prefecture">Fukui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecture" title="Yamanashi Prefecture">Yamanashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagano_Prefecture" title="Nagano Prefecture">Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifu_Prefecture" title="Gifu Prefecture">Gifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture" title="Aichi Prefecture">Aichi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right: 4px solid #7272FF"><a href="/wiki/Kansai_region" title="Kansai region">Kansai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mie_Prefecture" title="Mie Prefecture">Mie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture" title="Shiga Prefecture">Shiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prefecture" title="Kyoto Prefecture">Kyoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture" title="Osaka Prefecture">Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecture" title="Hyōgo Prefecture">Hyōgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecture" title="Wakayama Prefecture">Wakayama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right: 4px solid #FF9148"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tottori_Prefecture" title="Tottori Prefecture">Tottori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimane_Prefecture" title="Shimane Prefecture">Shimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okayama_Prefecture" title="Okayama Prefecture">Okayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Prefecture" title="Hiroshima Prefecture">Hiroshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaguchi_Prefecture" title="Yamaguchi Prefecture">Yamaguchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right: 4px solid #D16EFF"><a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokushima_Prefecture" title="Tokushima Prefecture">Tokushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagawa_Prefecture" title="Kagawa Prefecture">Kagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehime_Prefecture" title="Ehime Prefecture">Ehime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi_Prefecture" title="Kōchi Prefecture">Kōchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right: 4px solid #C5C5C5"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture">Fukuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_Prefecture" title="Saga Prefecture">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_Prefecture" title="Nagasaki Prefecture">Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_Prefecture" title="Kumamoto Prefecture">Kumamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_Prefecture" title="Ōita Prefecture">Ōita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyazaki_Prefecture" title="Miyazaki Prefecture">Miyazaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_Prefecture" title="Kagoshima Prefecture">Kagoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Japan" title="Category:Regions of Japan">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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East Asia Summit">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fourth East Asia Summit">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fifth East Asia Summit">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Sixth East Asia Summit">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_East_Asia_Summit" title="Seventh East Asia Summit">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Eighth East Asia Summit">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Ninth East Asia Summit">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Tenth East Asia Summit">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_East_Asia_Summit" title="Eleventh East Asia Summit">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Twelfth East Asia Summit">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Thirteenth East Asia Summit">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fourteenth East Asia Summit">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fifteenth East Asia Summit">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Sixteenth East Asia Summit">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Seventeenth East Asia Summit">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Eighteenth East Asia Summit">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Nineteenth East Asia Summit">19th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; padding-left:0.3em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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<li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchies" title="Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchies" title="Template talk:Monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">List of current non-sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchy_referendums" title="List of monarchy referendums">List of monarchy referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Abolition of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy (political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">Prince regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Africa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Africa" title="Monarchies in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent African monarchs">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Asia" title="Monarchies in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_Asian_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">Vatican City (Holy See)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Aussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Gomma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Gumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Luba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte#History" title="Mayotte">Maore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li#History" title="Mohéli">Mwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan#Early_and_colonial_history" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore#History" title="Grande Comore">Ngazidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom" title="Shilluk Kingdom">Shilluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Refreshment" title="Islands of Refreshment">Islands of Refreshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">and other</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_(historical_polity)" title="Cebu (historical polity)">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Najran" title="Principality of Najran">Najran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_monarchy" title="Sinhalese monarchy">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikdom_of_Upper_Asir" title="Sheikdom of Upper Asir">Upper Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_South_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates of South Arabia">Emirates of South Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)" title="Kingdom of Corsica (1736)">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel#History" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmont-Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tavolara" title="Kingdom of Tavolara">Tavolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Kingdom of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuē-Fekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva" title="Nuku Hiva">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">Raiatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa Iti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimatara" title="Rimatara">Rimatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurutu" title="Rurutu">Rurutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">princely states</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123649740">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159367111">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204082/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkT7GyCmyjxytDfqk6Yfq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028495-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78089021">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384465">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934253k">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11872797r">3</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384465">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934253k">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11872797r">3</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568158">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35242950">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129425&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450954">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90706615">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH2000014336">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hkj6mp5hgzjd3">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550240205171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060944951006706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2db42837-c832-3c27-b4a3-08198f75693c">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04877014?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/de944dd7-838e-46d0-a342-bc3edeff8a48">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/879221">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/F5KFVUwG">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td 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