CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Design management - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f6ee7857-27ac-4ec8-9c6a-3234c0ce04c0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Design_management","wgTitle":"Design management","wgCurRevisionId":1246374020,"wgRevisionId":1246374020,"wgArticleId":3555307,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2018","CS1 errors: missing periodical","CS1: long volume value","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 errors: generic name","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from August 2011","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011", "CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Management by type","Innovation","Urban design","Design"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Design_management","wgRelevantArticleId":3555307,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled" :false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1064289","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements", "mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Design_Management_in_brief.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="833"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Design_Management_in_brief.jpg/800px-Design_Management_in_brief.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="556"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Design_Management_in_brief.jpg/640px-Design_Management_in_brief.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="445"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Design management - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_management"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_management"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Design_management rootpage-Design_management skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Design+management" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Design+management" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Design+management" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Design+management" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Extended_definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extended_definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Extended definition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Extended_definition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Extended definition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Extended_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Additional_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Additional definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definition_of_related_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition_of_related_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Definition of related terms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definition_of_related_terms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Definition of related terms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definition_of_related_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Design leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Managing_product_aesthetics_and_corporate_design_(early_contributions)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Managing_product_aesthetics_and_corporate_design_(early_contributions)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Managing product aesthetics and corporate design (early contributions)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Managing_product_aesthetics_and_corporate_design_(early_contributions)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Managing_design_systematically_(1960s–1970s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Managing_design_systematically_(1960s–1970s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Managing design systematically (1960s–1970s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Managing_design_systematically_(1960s–1970s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Managing_design_as_a_strategic_asset_(1980s–1990s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Managing_design_as_a_strategic_asset_(1980s–1990s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Managing design as a strategic asset (1980s–1990s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Managing_design_as_a_strategic_asset_(1980s–1990s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Managing_design_for_innovation_(2000s–2010s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Managing_design_for_innovation_(2000s–2010s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Managing design for innovation (2000s–2010s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Managing_design_for_innovation_(2000s–2010s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notion_of_the_term_"design_management"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notion_of_the_term_"design_management""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Notion of the term "design management"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notion_of_the_term_"design_management"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Design policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Promotion_and_conference_(till_2000s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promotion_and_conference_(till_2000s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Promotion and conference (till 2000s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promotion_and_conference_(till_2000s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Different_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Different_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Different types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Different_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Different types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Different_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Product_design_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Product_design_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Product design management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Product_design_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brand_design_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brand_design_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Brand design management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brand_design_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_design_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_design_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Service design management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_design_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_design_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_design_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Business design management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_design_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engineering_design_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineering_design_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Engineering design management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineering_design_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_design_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_design_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Urban design management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_design_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architectural_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architectural_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Architectural management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architectural_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Business_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Business subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Business_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Value_for_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Value_for_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Value for business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Value_for_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_other_disciplines_and_departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_other_disciplines_and_departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Relation to other disciplines and departments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_other_disciplines_and_departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hierarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hierarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Hierarchy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hierarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_and_responsibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_and_responsibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Role and responsibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_and_responsibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Design management</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85" title="إدارة التصميم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدارة التصميم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designmanagement" title="Designmanagement – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Designmanagement" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="مدیریت طراحی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدیریت طراحی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_management" title="Design management – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Design management" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B2%BD%EC%98%81" title="디자인 경영 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디자인 경영" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%91" title="ניהול עיצוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניהול עיצוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengurusan_reka_bentuk" title="Pengurusan reka bentuk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengurusan reka bentuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="デザイン・マネジメント – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デザイン・マネジメント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizayn_menejmenti" title="Dizayn menejmenti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dizayn menejmenti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Дизайн-менеджмент – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дизайн-менеджмент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_management" title="Design management – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Design management" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasar%C4%B1m_y%C3%B6netimi" title="Tasarım yönetimi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tasarım yönetimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1064289#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Design_management" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Design_management" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Design_management"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Design_management"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Design_management" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Design_management" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&oldid=1246374020" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Design_management&id=1246374020&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDesign_management"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDesign_management"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Design_management&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1064289" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Field of inquiry in business</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Design_Management_in_brief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Design_Management_in_brief.jpg/220px-Design_Management_in_brief.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Design_Management_in_brief.jpg/330px-Design_Management_in_brief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Design_Management_in_brief.jpg/440px-Design_Management_in_brief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Design management is the business side of design. Design managers need to speak the language of the business and the language of design.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Design management</b> is a field of inquiry that uses <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a>, strategy, <a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">project management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chain</a> techniques to control a <a href="/wiki/Creative_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative process">creative process</a>, support a culture of <a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creativity</a>, and build a structure and organization for design. The objective of design management is to develop and maintain an efficient business environment in which an organization can achieve its <a href="/wiki/Strategic_planning" title="Strategic planning">strategic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mission_statement" title="Mission statement">mission</a> goals through design. Design management is a comprehensive activity at all levels of business (operational to strategic), from the discovery phase to the execution phase. "Simply put, design management is the business side of design. Design management encompasses the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Business_process" title="Business process">processes</a>, business decisions, and <a href="/wiki/Strategies" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategies">strategies</a> that enable innovation and create effectively-designed <a href="/wiki/Product_(business)" title="Product (business)">products</a>, <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications">communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_environment" title="Social environment">environments</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brands" class="mw-redirect" title="Brands">brands</a> that enhance our quality of life and provide organizational success."<sup id="cite_ref-DMI2010web_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMI2010web-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discipline of design management overlaps with <a href="/wiki/Marketing_management" title="Marketing management">marketing management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operations_management" title="Operations management">operations management</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">strategic management</a>. </p><p>Traditionally, design management was seen as limited to the management of design projects, but over time, it evolved to include other aspects of an organization at the functional and strategic level. A more recent debate concerns the integration of <a href="/wiki/Design_thinking" title="Design thinking">design thinking</a> into <a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">strategic management</a> as a cross-disciplinary and human-centered approach to management. This paradigm also focuses on a collaborative and iterative style of work and an <a href="/wiki/Abductive_reasoning" title="Abductive reasoning">abductive mode of inference</a>, compared to practices associated with the more traditional management paradigm.<sup id="cite_ref-jones_2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones_2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Design has become a strategic asset in <a href="/wiki/Brand_equity" title="Brand equity">brand equity</a>, differentiation, and product quality for many companies. More and more organizations apply design management to improve design-relevant activities and to better connect design with corporate strategy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extended_definition">Extended definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Extended definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dm-definition.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dm-definition.pdf/page1-220px-Dm-definition.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dm-definition.pdf/page1-330px-Dm-definition.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dm-definition.pdf/page1-440px-Dm-definition.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption> Design management plays three integrative key roles in the interface of design, organization and market.</figcaption></figure> <p>The multifaceted nature of design management leads to varied opinion,<sup id="cite_ref-Koppelmann1993_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koppelmann1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it difficult to give an overall definition; furthermore, design managers have a broad range of roles and responsibilities. These factors, combined with a multitude of other influences such as the industry involved, company size, the market situation, and the importance of design within the organization's activities. As a result, design management is not restricted to a single design discipline and usually depends on the context of its application within an individual organization. </p><p>On an abstract level, design management plays three key roles in the interface of design, organization, and market. The three key roles are to: </p> <ol><li>Align design strategy with corporate or brand strategy, or both</li> <li>Manage quality and consistency of design outcomes across and within different design disciplines (design classes)</li> <li>Enhance new methods of user experience, create new solutions for user needs and differentiation from competitor's designs</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_definitions">Additional definitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Additional definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Design management is the effective deployment by line managers of the design resources available to an organization in the pursuance of its corporate objectives. It is therefore directly concerned with the organizational place of design, with the identification with specific design disciplines which are relevant to the resolution of key management issues, and with the training of managers to use design effectively.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Peter Gorb<sup id="cite_ref-Peter_Gorb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_Gorb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Design management is a complex and multi-faceted activity that goes right to the heart of what a company is or does [...] it is not something susceptible to pat formulas, a few bullet points or a manual. Every company's structure and internal culture is different; design management is no exception. But the fact that every firm is different does not diminish the importance of managing design tightly and effectively.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>John Thackara<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p139_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p139-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_of_related_terms">Definition of related terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Definition of related terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></div> <p>Unlike unique sciences such as mathematics, the perspective, activity, or discipline of design is not brought to a generally accepted common denominator. The historical beginnings of design are complex and the nature of design is still the subject of ongoing discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ralph2009_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ralph2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holm2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holm2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In design, there are strong differentiations between theory and practice. The fluid nature of the theory allows the designer to operate without being constrained by a rigid structure. In practice, decisions are often referred to as <i>intuition</i>. In his <i>Classification of Design</i> (1976), Gorb divided design into three different classes. Design management operates in and across all three classes: product (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a>, packaging design, service design), information (e.g. graphic design, branding, media design, web design), and environment (e.g. retail design, exhibition design, interior design).<sup id="cite_ref-Gorb1988_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorb1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a></div> <p>Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively. Management comprises <a href="/wiki/Planning" title="Planning">planning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organizing_(management)" title="Organizing (management)">organizing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_resources" title="Human resources">staffing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leading</a> or directing, and <a href="/wiki/Control_(management)" title="Control (management)">controlling</a> an <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organization</a> (a group of one or more people or entities), or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.<sup id="cite_ref-Fayol1841-1925_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fayol1841-1925-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dunod1966_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunod1966-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Human_resources" title="Human resources">Resourcing</a> encompasses the deployment and manipulation of <a href="/wiki/Human_resources" title="Human resources">human resources</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial">financial</a> resources, <a href="/wiki/Technological" class="mw-redirect" title="Technological">technological</a> resources, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural resources">natural resources</a>. Towards the end of the 20th century, business management came to consist of six separate branches, namely <a href="/wiki/Human_resources" title="Human resources">human resource</a> management, <a href="/wiki/Operations_management" title="Operations management">operations management</a> (or production management), <a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">strategic management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marketing_management" title="Marketing management">marketing management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corporate_finance" title="Corporate finance">financial management</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Information_technology_management" title="Information technology management">information technology management</a>, which was responsible for <a href="/wiki/Management_information_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Management information systems">management information systems</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although it is difficult to subdivide management into functional categories in this way, it helps in navigating the discipline of management. Design management overlaps mainly with the branches <a href="/wiki/Marketing_management" title="Marketing management">marketing management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operations_management" title="Operations management">operations management</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">strategic management</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_leadership">Design leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Design leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Design managers often operate in the area of <a href="/wiki/Design_leadership" title="Design leadership">design leadership</a>; however, design management and design leadership are interdependent rather than interchangeable. Like management and leadership, they differ in their objectives, achievements of objectives, accomplishments, and outcomes. Design leadership leads from creation of a vision to changes, innovations, and implementation of creative solutions. It stimulates communication and collaboration through motivation, sets ambitions, and points out future directions to achieve long-term objectives. In contrast, design management could be regarded as reactive and responds to a given business situation by using specific skills, tools, methods, and techniques. However, design management can also be viewed from proactive and creative perspectives as found in research (see e.g. the research anthology «Management of Design alliances», eds Bruce & Jevnaker). Design management requires design leadership to know where to go and design leadership requires design management to know how to get there.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner2002_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner2002-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Difficulties arise in tracing the history of design management. Even though design management as an expression is first mentioned in literature in 1964,<sup id="cite_ref-M-Farr1965_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-Farr1965-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> earlier contributions created the context in which the expression could arise. Throughout its history, design management was influenced by a number of different disciplines: architecture, <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a>, management, software development, engineering; and movements such as <a href="/wiki/System_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="System theory">system theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Design_methodology" class="mw-redirect" title="Design methodology">design methodologies</a>. It cannot be attributed directly to either design or to management. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business">Business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Managing_product_aesthetics_and_corporate_design_(early_contributions)"><span id="Managing_product_aesthetics_and_corporate_design_.28early_contributions.29"></span>Managing product aesthetics and corporate design (early contributions)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Managing product aesthetics and corporate design (early contributions)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Behrens,_um_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Peter_Behrens%2C_um_1913.jpg/220px-Peter_Behrens%2C_um_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Peter_Behrens%2C_um_1913.jpg/330px-Peter_Behrens%2C_um_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Peter_Behrens%2C_um_1913.jpg/440px-Peter_Behrens%2C_um_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_Behrens" title="Peter Behrens">Peter Behrens</a>, around 1913 in his office in Berlin, was one of the first contributors to design management.</figcaption></figure> <p>Early contributions to design management show how different design disciplines were coordinated to achieve business objectives at a corporate level, and demonstrate the early understanding of design as a competitive force. In that context, design was merely understood as an aesthetic function, and the management of design was at the level of project planning. </p><p>The practice of managing design to achieve a business objective was first documented in 1907. The <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a> (German Work Federation) was established in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> by twelve architects and twelve business firms as a state-sponsored effort to better compete with Great Britain and the United States by integrating traditional craft and industrial mass-production techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz1996_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1996-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A German designer and architect, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Behrens" title="Peter Behrens">Peter Behrens</a>, created the entire <a href="/wiki/Corporate_identity" title="Corporate identity">corporate identity</a> (logotype, product design, marketing communications, company building architecture, etc.) of <a href="/wiki/AEG_(German_company)" title="AEG (German company)">Allgemeine Elektrizitäts Gesellschaft</a> (AEG), and is regarded as the first corporate design management leader in history.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His work for AEG was the first large-scale demonstration of the viability and vitality of the Werkbund's initiatives and objectives and can be considered as first contribution to design management.<sup id="cite_ref-Bürdek1989p358_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bürdek1989p358-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following years, companies applied the principles of corporate identity and <a href="/wiki/Corporate_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate design">corporate design</a> to increase awareness and recognition by consumers and differentiation from competitors. <a href="/wiki/Olivetti" title="Olivetti">Olivetti</a> became famous for its attention to design through their corporate design activities.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodham1997_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodham1997-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1936 Olivetti hired <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pintori" title="Giovanni Pintori">Giovanni Pintori</a> in their publicity department and promoted <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Nizzoli" title="Marcello Nizzoli">Marcello Nizzoli</a> from the product design department to develop design in a comprehensive corporate philosophy. In 1956, inspired by the compelling brand character of Olivetti, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Watson,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Watson, Jr.">Thomas Watson, Jr.</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, retained American architect and industrial designer <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Noyes" title="Eliot Noyes">Eliot Noyes</a> to develop a corporate-wide IBM Design Program consisting of coherent brand-design strategy together with a design management system to guide and oversee the comprehensive brand identity elements of: products, graphics, exhibits, architecture, interiors and fine art. This seminal effort by Noyes, with his inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Rand" title="Paul Rand">Paul Rand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eames" title="Charles Eames">Charles Eames</a> as consultants, is considered to be the first comprehensive corporate design program in America.<sup id="cite_ref-Noyes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noyes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up to and during the 1960s, debates in the design community were focused on <a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">ergonomics</a>, functionalism, and corporate design, while debates in management addressed <a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_(business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Just-in-time (business)">Just in time</a>, <a href="/wiki/Total_quality_management" title="Total quality management">Total quality management</a>, and product specification. The main proponents of design management at that time were AEG, <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulm_School_of_Design" title="Ulm School of Design">HfG Ulm</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Design_Council" title="Design Council">British Design Council</a>, Deutscher Werkbund, Olivetti, IBM, Peter Behrens, and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Paepcke" title="Walter Paepcke">Walter Paepcke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bürdek1989p358_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bürdek1989p358-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Noyes_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noyes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Managing_design_systematically_(1960s–1970s)"><span id="Managing_design_systematically_.281960s.E2.80.931970s.29"></span>Managing design systematically (1960s–1970s)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Managing design systematically (1960s–1970s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The work of designers in the 1960s was influenced by industry, as the debate on design evolved from an aesthetic function into active cooperation with industry. Designers had to work in a team with engineers and marketers, and design was perceived as one part of the product development process. In the early years, design management was strongly influenced by system science and the emergence of a <a href="/wiki/Design_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Design Science">design science</a> (e.g. the "blooming period of <a href="/wiki/Design_methodology" class="mw-redirect" title="Design methodology">design methodologies</a>" in Germany, the US, and Great Britain), as its main contributors had backgrounds in architecture. Early discussions on design management were strongly influenced by Anglo-Saxon literature (e.g. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kengarland.co.uk/KGA-graphic-design/michael-farr/">Farr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horst_Rittel" title="Horst Rittel">Horst Rittel</a>), methodological studies in <a href="/wiki/Design_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Design Research">Design Research</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ulm_School_of_Design" title="Ulm School of Design">HfG Ulm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Alexander" title="Christopher Alexander">Christopher Alexander</a>), and theories in business studies. Design management dealt with two main issues: </p> <ul><li>how to develop corporate systems of planning aims</li> <li>how to solve problems of methodological <a href="/wiki/Business_information_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Business information processing">information processing</a></li></ul> <p>Instruments and checklists were developed to structure the processes and decisions of companies for successful <a href="/wiki/Corporate_development" title="Corporate development">corporate development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Geyer1970p35_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geyer1970p35-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this period the main contributors to design management were Michael Farr, Horst Rittel, HfG Ulm, Christopher Alexander, James Pilditch, the <a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a>, Peter Gorb, the Design Management Institute, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Arts" title="Royal Society of Arts">Royal Society of Arts</a>. Debates in design disciplines were focusing on design science, design methodology, <a href="/wiki/Wicked_problems" class="mw-redirect" title="Wicked problems">wicked problems</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wicked_problem_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wicked_problem-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ulm methodology, the relationship of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41373058">design and business</a>, new German design, and semiotic and scenario technique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Managing_design_as_a_strategic_asset_(1980s–1990s)"><span id="Managing_design_as_a_strategic_asset_.281980s.E2.80.931990s.29"></span>Managing design as a strategic asset (1980s–1990s)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Managing design as a strategic asset (1980s–1990s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1980s several managers realized the economic effect of design,<sup id="cite_ref-Kicherer1987_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kicherer1987-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spieß1993_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spieß1993-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rummel1995_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rummel1995-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meier-Kortwig1997_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier-Kortwig1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which increased the demand for design management. As companies were unsure how to manage design, there was a market for consultancy; focusing on helping organizations manage the product development process, including <a href="/wiki/Market_research" title="Market research">market research</a>, product concepts, projects, communications, and market launch phases—as well as the positioning of products and companies. </p><p>Three important works were published in 1990: the <i>Publication of Design Management – A Handbook of Issues and Methods</i><sup id="cite_ref-Oakley1990_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oakley1990-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Mark Oakley (Editor), the book <i>Design Management</i><sup id="cite_ref-Mozota1990_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mozota1990-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by French researcher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigitte_Borja_de_Mozota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigitte Borja de Mozota (page does not exist)">Brigitte Borja de Mozota</a>, and the <i>Publication of Design Management – Papers from the London Business School</i><sup id="cite_ref-Gorb1990_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorb1990-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Peter Gorb (Editor). This new method-based design management approach helped to improve communication amongst technical and marketing managers. Examples of the new methods included trend research, the product effect triad, style mapping, milieus, product screenings, empiric design methods, and service design, giving design a more communicative and central role within organizations. </p><p>In the management community the topics of management theory, positioning strategy, brand management, strategic management, advertisement, competitive strategy, leadership, business ethics, mass customization, core competencies, strategic intent, <a href="/wiki/Reputation_management" title="Reputation management">reputation management</a>, and system theory were discussed. Main issues and debates in design management included the topics of design leadership, design thinking, and corporate identity; plus the involvement of design management at the operational, tactical, and strategic levels. </p><p>In 1980 Robert Blaich, the senior managing director of design at <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, introduced a design management system that regards design, production, and marketing as a single unit.<sup id="cite_ref-reddot2004_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reddot2004-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an important contribution to the definition of design as a core element in business. At <a href="/wiki/Philips_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Philips Design">Philips Design</a>, Stefano Marzano became CEO and Chief Creative Director in 1991, continuing the work of Robert Blaich to align design processes with business processes and furthering design strategy as an important asset of the overall business strategy. </p><p>Upon being appointed corporate head of the IBM Design Program in 1989, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hardy_(designer)" title="Tom Hardy (designer)">Tom Hardy</a>, initiated a strategic design management effort, in collaboration with IBM design consultant <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sapper" title="Richard Sapper">Richard Sapper</a>, to return to the roots of the IBM Design Program first established in 1956 by <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Noyes" title="Eliot Noyes">Eliot Noyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Rand" title="Paul Rand">Paul Rand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eames" title="Charles Eames">Charles Eames</a>. The intent was to reprise IBM's brand image with customer experience-driven quality, approachability and contemporary product innovation. The highly successful IBM <a href="/wiki/ThinkPad" title="ThinkPad">ThinkPad</a> was the first product to emerge from this strategy in 1992 and, together with other innovative, award-winning products that followed, served to position design as a strategic asset for IBM's brand turnaround efforts initiated in 1993 by newly appointed CEO Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sakakibara_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakakibara-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a consultant following his 22-year tenure at IBM, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hardy_(designer)" title="Tom Hardy (designer)">Hardy</a> served as Corporate Design Advisor to <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-samsungrising_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samsungrising-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1996 to 2003 where his introduction of a new brand-design ethos and guiding principles, together with a comprehensive design management system, became a strategic corporate asset <sup id="cite_ref-samsungrising_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samsungrising-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that significantly helped elevate Samsung's image from follower to global brand-design leader and dramatically increased brand equity value.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Managing_design_for_innovation_(2000s–2010s)"><span id="Managing_design_for_innovation_.282000s.E2.80.932010s.29"></span>Managing design for innovation (2000s–2010s)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Managing design for innovation (2000s–2010s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Design management has taken a more strategic role within business since 2000, and more academic programs for design management have been established. Design management has been recognized (and subsidized) throughout the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> as a function for corporate advantage of both companies and nations.<sup id="cite_ref-ADMIRE2009_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADMIRE2009-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2009_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2009-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main issues and debates included the topics of design thinking, strategic design management, design leadership, and product service systems. Design management was influenced by the following design trends: sustainable design, inclusive design, interactive design, design probes, product clinics, and co-design. It was also influenced by the later management trends of open innovation and design thinking.<sup id="cite_ref-Lockwood2009_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockwood2009-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notion_of_the_term_"design_management""><span id="Notion_of_the_term_.22design_management.22"></span>Notion of the term "design management"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notion of the term "design management""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1965 the term <i>design management</i> was first published in a series of articles in the <i>Design Journal</i>. This series includes a pre-publication<sup id="cite_ref-M-Farr1965_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-Farr1965-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the first chapter of the book <i>Design Management</i> by Michael Farr,<sup id="cite_ref-Farr1996p4_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farr1996p4-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is considered as the first comprehensive literature on design management. His thoughts on <a href="/wiki/System_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="System theory">system theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">project management</a> led to a framework on how to deal with design as a business function at the <a href="/wiki/Corporate_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate management">corporate management</a> level by providing the language and methodology to effectively manage it.<sup id="cite_ref-Bürdek1989_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bürdek1989-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "<a href="/wiki/Architectural_management" title="Architectural management">architectural management</a>" was coined by the architects Brunton, Baden Hellard and Boobyer in 1964 where they highlighted the tension and synergy between the management of individual projects (job management) and the management of the business (office management).<sup id="cite_ref-Brunton1964_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brunton1964-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although they did not use the term "design management", they stressed identical issues; while the design community discussed methodologies for design. Christopher Alexander's work played an important role in the development of the design methodology, where he devoted his attention to the problems of form and context; and focused on disassembling complex design challenges into constituent parts to approach a solution. His intention was to bring more rationalism and structure into the solving of design problems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_policy">Design policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Design policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Design_Council_-_Bow_Street_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Design_Council_-_Bow_Street_1.jpg/220px-Design_Council_-_Bow_Street_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Design_Council_-_Bow_Street_1.jpg/330px-Design_Council_-_Bow_Street_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Design_Council_-_Bow_Street_1.jpg/440px-Design_Council_-_Bow_Street_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The <b>British Design Council</b> was founded in 1944 to promote design in the British industry.</figcaption></figure> <p>Design policies have a history reaching back to the end of the 19th century, when design programs with roots in the crafts sector were implemented in Sweden (1845) and Finland (1875).<sup id="cite_ref-DMIjournal2010winter_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMIjournal2010winter-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907 the <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a> (German Work Federation) was established in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> to better compete with Great Britain and United States. The success of the <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a> inspired a group of British designers, industrialists and business people after they had seen the Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne in 1914, to found the Design and Industries Association and campaign for a greater involvement of government in the promotion of good design.<sup id="cite_ref-Brighton_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brighton-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1944 design management by managing design policies was used by the British Government. The British Design Council was founded by Hugh Dalton, president of the Board of Trade in the British wartime government, as the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Industrial_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Industrial Design">Council of Industrial Design</a> with the objective "to promote by all practicable means the improvement of design in the products of British industry". </p><p>Germany also realized the national importance of design during World War II. Between 1933 and 1945 <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> used design, architecture and propaganda to increase his power; shown through the annual <a href="/wiki/Reichsparteitage" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsparteitage">Reichsparteitage</a> in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Nürnberg">Nürnberg</a> on September 5. <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> coordinated several design activities for Hitler, including: the all-black SS-uniform designed by Professor <a href="/wiki/Karl_Diebitsch" title="Karl Diebitsch">Karl Diebitsch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Heck" title="Walter Heck">Walter Heck</a> in 1933; the <a href="/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp" title="Dachau concentration camp">Dachau concentration camp</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Eicke" title="Theodor Eicke">Theodor Eicke</a>, and prototypes for other <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg">Wewelsburg</a> redesign commissioned by Heinrich Himmler in 1944. </p><p>Since the 1990s the practice of design promotion evolved, and governments have used policy management and design management to promote design as part of their efforts of fostering technology, manufacturing and innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-DMIjournal2010winter_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMIjournal2010winter-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, most developed countries have some kind of design promotion programme. The Design Management Institute has dedicated three issues to design policy development.<sup id="cite_ref-DMIjournal2010winter_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMIjournal2010winter-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although initiatives promote design in different complexities, scopes and focuses, specific targets tend to address the following objectives:<sup id="cite_ref-Sotamaa2004_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sotamaa2004-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>support business: increase use of design by companies, particularly by small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and grow the design sector (use dimension);</li> <li>promote to the public: increase exports of design and attract international investment (international dimension);</li> <li>educate designers: improve design education and research (academic dimension).</li></ul> <p>A very comprehensive analysis on the situation of design on national level in the UK is the Cox review. The then chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Design_Council" title="Design Council">Design Council</a>, Sir George Cox, published the Cox Review of Creativity in Business<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2005 to communicate the competitive advantage of design for the British industry. </p><p>Innovation policies have been excessively focused on the supply of technologies, neglecting the demand side (the user). There have been several initiatives by the European Commission to support and research design and design management in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-ADMIRE2009_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADMIRE2009-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2009_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2009-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a European-wide policy to support design has never been planned, due to the inconsistencies and differences in design policies in each nation.<sup id="cite_ref-APCI2004_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APCI2004-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, there are currently plans to include design in the EU innovation policy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Promotion_and_conference_(till_2000s)"><span id="Promotion_and_conference_.28till_2000s.29"></span>Promotion and conference (till 2000s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Promotion and conference (till 2000s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DMI_conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/DMI_conference.jpg/220px-DMI_conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/DMI_conference.jpg/330px-DMI_conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/DMI_conference.jpg/440px-DMI_conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>The 15th European International <b>Design Management Conference</b> organized by the Design Management Institute</figcaption></figure> <p>In America the <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> industrialist <a href="/wiki/Walter_Paepcke" title="Walter Paepcke">Walter Paepcke</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Container_Corporation_of_America" title="Container Corporation of America">Container Corporation of America</a>, founded the Aspen Design Conference after World War II as a way of bringing business and designers together – to the benefit of both. In 1951 the first conference topic, "Design as a function of management", was chosen to ensure the participation of the business community. After several years, business leaders stopped attending because the increased participation of designers changed the dialogue, focusing not on the need for collaboration between business and design, but rather on the business community's failure to understand the value of design.<sup id="cite_ref-aspen2011_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aspen2011-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Arts" title="Royal Society of Arts">Royal Society of Arts</a> (RSA) Presidential Medals for Design Management were instituted in June 1964. These were to recognize outstanding examples of design policy in organizations that maintained a consistently high standard in all aspects of design management, throughout all industries and disciplines. With these awards the RSA introduced the term <i>design management</i>. In 1965 the first medals were given to four companies; Conran & Co Ltd, Jaeger & Co Ltd, <a href="/wiki/Hille_(furniture)" title="Hille (furniture)">S. Hille & Co Ltd</a> and W. & A. Gilbey Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheetman1965_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheetman1965-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the category "current achievements" and two companies <a href="/wiki/London_Transport_(brand)" title="London Transport (brand)">London Transport</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hughes-Stanton1965v5_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-Stanton1965v5-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hughes-Stanton1965v5note_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-Stanton1965v5note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Heal and Son Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-Hughes-Stanton1965v7_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-Stanton1965v7-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hughes-Stanton1965v7note_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-Stanton1965v7note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the category "long pioneering in the field of design management". The medal selection committee included representatives of the RSA council and the faculty of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Designers_for_Industry" title="Royal Designers for Industry">Royal Designers for Industry</a>. </p><p>The Design Management Institute (DMI) was founded in 1975 at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_College_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts College of Art">Massachusetts College of Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. Since the mid-1980s the DMI has been an international <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit organization</a> that seeks to heighten the awareness of design as an essential part of <a href="/wiki/Business_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Business strategy">business strategy</a>, and become the leading resource and international authority on design management. One year later the first conference was organized. The DMI increased its international presence and established the "European International Conference on Design Management" in 1997, and a professional development program for design management.<sup id="cite_ref-DMI2010web_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMI2010web-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007 the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> funded the Award for Design Management Innovating and Reinforcing Enterprises (ADMIRE) project for two years, as part of the Pro Inno Europe Initiative, which is the EU's "focal point for innovation policy analysis, learning and development". The aim was to encourage companies – especially <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium_enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Small and medium enterprises">small and medium enterprises</a> (SMEs) – to introduce design management procedures to; improve their competitiveness, stimulate innovation, establish a European knowledge-sharing platform, organize the <a href="/wiki/Design_Management_Europe_Award" title="Design Management Europe Award">Design Management Europe Award</a>, and to identify and test new activities to promote Design Management.<sup id="cite_ref-EU2009_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU2009-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_-_The_Royal_Society_of_Arts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/London_-_The_Royal_Society_of_Arts.jpg/220px-London_-_The_Royal_Society_of_Arts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/London_-_The_Royal_Society_of_Arts.jpg/330px-London_-_The_Royal_Society_of_Arts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/London_-_The_Royal_Society_of_Arts.jpg/440px-London_-_The_Royal_Society_of_Arts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2391" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption>The <b>Royal Society of Arts</b> in London is one of the first institutions supporting design management.</figcaption></figure> <p>Teaching design to managers was pioneered at the <a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a> (LBS) in 1976<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Peter Gorb (1926-2013), the first Honorary Fellow of the DMI and a long-standing Fellow of the RSA. Gorb had previously embedded design management in the Burton Retail Group before joining LBS where he later founded the Design Management Unit in 1982 (in collaboration with Charles Handy) which he led for over 20 years. In 1979 his talk at the RSA entitled <i>Design and its Use by Managers</i><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provided a background introduction to the wide scope of design within industry and commerce, an appreciation of the power of design as a management resource, and advocated the teaching of design to managers.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gorb produced two books based on seminars at the Design Management Unit at LBS, <i>Design Talks</i> <sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(1988) with Eric Schneider and <i>Design Management: Papers from the London Business School</i> <sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(1990). Gorb is also remembered as introducing the concept of Silent Design,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> design undertaken by non-designers, in an influential paper with Angela Dumas (1987). </p><p>While design management had its origins in business schools, it has increasingly become embedded in the curriculum in design schools, particularly at the postgraduate level. The first design management programmes at design schools were started in the UK in the 1980s at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a>, and <a href="/wiki/De_Montfort_University" title="De Montfort University">De Montfort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire University">Staffordshire</a> Universities. Although some of these design management courses have not been sustainable, other postgraduate courses have flourished including ones at Brunel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/postgraduate-courses/design-management-ma/">Lancaster</a> and more recently the University of the Arts with each providing a specific point of view on design management. The Design Leadership Fellowship at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> was founded in 2005. </p><p>In Europe, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Art_and_Design_Helsinki" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Art and Design Helsinki">University of Art and Design Helsinki</a> founded the Institute of Design Leadership and Management and established an international training program in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-TAIKweb2010_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAIKweb2010-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The International Design Management Conference was organised in the same year by them.<sup id="cite_ref-TAIKconf1995note_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAIKconf1995note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995 the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_School_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki School of Economics">Helsinki School of Economics</a> (HSE), University of Art and Design Helsinki (TaiK), and <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_University_of_Technology" title="Helsinki University of Technology">Helsinki University of Technology</a> (TKK) cooperated to create the International Design Business Management Program (<a href="/wiki/IDBM" title="IDBM">IDBM</a>), which aims to bring together experts from different fields within the concept of design business management.<sup id="cite_ref-Karjalainen2008_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karjalainen2008-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Finnish <a href="/wiki/Aalto_University" title="Aalto University">Aalto University</a> was founded in 2010 and is a merger of the three established Finnish universities – the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_School_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki School of Economics">Helsinki School of Economics</a> (HSE), University of Art and Design Helsinki (TaiK), and University of Technology (TKK) – that had been cooperating on the IDBM design management program since 1995. Since 2006 the <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_University_of_Applied_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts">Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts</a> in Switzerland offers one of the few undergraduate studies in design management, completely taught in English. </p><p>In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Hasso_Plattner_Institute_of_Design" title="Hasso Plattner Institute of Design">Hasso Plattner Institute of Design</a> at Stanford University founded the D-school in 2005, a faculty intended to advance multidisciplinary innovation. Design schools in the United States are now offering graduate degrees in Design Management that focus on bridging the disciplines of design and business to lead organisations in the process of design thinking to create meaningful, human-centric value and business success through innovation. Among those offering M.A and M.F.A programs are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_College_of_Art_and_Design" title="Savannah College of Art and Design">Savannah College of Art and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_Institute" title="Pratt Institute">Pratt Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">University of Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_School" title="The New School">The New School</a></li></ul> <p>Design Management education is also gaining importance in other countries and awareness about role of design in business in increasing. In India in the last decade some of the leading design schools have been offering Masters programs. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mitid.edu.in/">MIT Institute of Design</a> Pune - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mitid.edu.in/all-courses-grid/design-management/">Master of Design in Design Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Design" title="National Institute of Design">National Institute of Design</a>- <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nid.edu/education/master-design/strategic-design-management/p-overview.html">Strategic Design Management</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232631/http://www.nid.edu/education/master-design/strategic-design-management/p-overview.html">Archived</a> 2019-01-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WE_School" title="WE School">WE School</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welingkar.org/programmes/full-time-programme/mumbai/pgdm-business-design">Business Design</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isdi.in/">ISDI</a>- <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isdi.in/strategic-design-management/">Strategic Design Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_University_of_Design" title="World University of Design">World University of Design</a></li></ul> <p><i><a href="/wiki/BusinessWeek" class="mw-redirect" title="BusinessWeek">BusinessWeek</a></i> annually publishes a lists of the best programmes that combine design thinking and business thinking (<i>D-schools 2009</i><sup id="cite_ref-Businessweek_2009_d-school_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Businessweek_2009_d-school-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>D-school Programmes to Watch 2009</i><sup id="cite_ref-Businessweek_2009_d-school_watch_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Businessweek_2009_d-school_watch-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The article <i>Finland – World´s Innovation Hot Spot</i> in the Harvard Business Review shows the interest of business leaders in the blended education of design and management.<sup id="cite_ref-Havard2011_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Havard2011-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Business Schools (such as the Rotman School of Management, Wharton University of Pennsylvania and MIT Sloan Executive Education) have acted on this interest and developed new academic curricula. </p><p>Integrated education models are emerging in the academic world, a model which is referred to as T-shape and π-shaped education.<sup id="cite_ref-Karjalainen_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karjalainen-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> T-shaped professionals are taught general knowledge in a few disciplines (e.g. management and engineering) and specific, deep knowledge in a single domain (e.g. design). This model also applies to companies, when they shift their focus from <i>small T</i> innovations (innovations involving only one discipline, like chemists) to <i>big T</i> innovations (innovations involving several disciplines, like design, ethnography, lead user, etc.). Like in education, this shift makes breaking down silos of departments and disciplines of knowledge essential. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first international research project on design management, the TRIAD research project, was initiated by Earl Powell, then president of DMI and the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a> in 1989. In the same year Earl Powell and Thomas Walton, Ph.D. developed the Design Management Review and DMI published the first issue. The publication is solely focusing on design management and has become the flagship publication of the discipline.<sup id="cite_ref-TRIAD1989_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRIAD1989-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Design and design management have experienced different generations of theories. In its first generation design focused on the object, in the second on the process, and in the third on the user.<sup id="cite_ref-Findeli2005_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findeli2005-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar shifts can be seen in management and design management in almost parallel steps. For design management this has been illustrated by Brigitte Borja de Mozota,<sup id="cite_ref-Mozota2006_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mozota2006-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using Findeli's Bremen Model as a framework. Design management research organised itself into:<sup id="cite_ref-mozota2002_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mozota2002-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Organisational studies: design in an economic sector<sup id="cite_ref-designstudies_economic_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designstudies_economic-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or design in large firms, such as Philips or Olivetti<sup id="cite_ref-designstudies_companies_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designstudies_companies-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Descriptive studies of specific methods of design management<sup id="cite_ref-designstudies_descriptive_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designstudies_descriptive-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>It is difficult to predict where design management research is heading.<sup id="cite_ref-Johansson2008_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johansson2008-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Different_types">Different types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Different types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different types of design management depend on the type and strategic orientation of the business. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Product_design_management">Product design management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Product design management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saab_hockey_stick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Saab_hockey_stick.jpg/220px-Saab_hockey_stick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Saab_hockey_stick.jpg/330px-Saab_hockey_stick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Saab_hockey_stick.jpg/440px-Saab_hockey_stick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><b>Product design management</b> helps to create a distinctive design. The <a href="/wiki/Saab_Automobile" title="Saab Automobile">Saab</a> hockey stick is an automotive design feature.</figcaption></figure> <p>In product-focused companies, design management focuses mainly on product design management, including strong interactions with product design, product marketing, research and development, and new product development. This perspective of design management is mainly focused on the aesthetic, semiotic, and ergonomic aspects of the product to express the product's qualities and to manage diverse product groups and product design platforms<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can be applied together with a <a href="/wiki/User-centered_design" title="User-centered design">user-centered design</a> perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-Simeone2014_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simeone2014-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brand_design_management">Brand design management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Brand design management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In market and brand focused companies, design management focuses mainly on brand design management, including corporate brand management and product brand management. Focusing on the brand as the core for design decisions results in a strong focus on the brand experience, customer touch points, reliability, recognition, and trust relations. The design is driven by the brand vision and strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Corporate brand design management</dt></dl> <p>Market and brand focused organizations are concerned with the expression and perception of the corporate brand. Corporate design management implements, develops, and maintains the corporate identity, or brand. This type of brand management is strongly anchored in the organization to control and influence corporate design activities. The design program plays the role of a quality program within many fields of the organization to achieve uniform internal branding. It is strongly linked to strategy, corporate culture, product development, marketing, organizational structure, and technological development. Achieving a consistent corporate brand requires the involvement of designers and a widespread design awareness among employees. A creative culture, knowledge sharing processes, determination, design leadership, and good work relations support the work of corporate brand management.<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Product brand design management</dt></dl> <p>The main focus of product brand management lies on the single product or product family. Product design management is linked to research and development, marketing, and brand management, and is present in the <a href="/wiki/Fast-moving_consumer_goods" title="Fast-moving consumer goods">fast-moving consumer goods</a> (FMCG) industry. It is responsible for the visual expressions of the individual product brand, with its diverse customer–brand touch points and the execution of the brand through design.<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_design_management">Service design management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Service design management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Car2Go_in_Austin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Car2Go_in_Austin.jpg/220px-Car2Go_in_Austin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Car2Go_in_Austin.jpg/330px-Car2Go_in_Austin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Car2Go_in_Austin.jpg/440px-Car2Go_in_Austin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><b>Service design management</b> deals with the newly emerging discipline of service design. An example is the <a href="/wiki/Car2Go" class="mw-redirect" title="Car2Go">Car2Go</a> concept from <a href="/wiki/Daimler_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler AG">Daimler AG</a>, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Service design management deals with the newly emerging field of <a href="/wiki/Service_design" title="Service design">service design</a>. It is the activity of planning and organizing people, infrastructure, communication, and material components of a service. The aim is to improve the quality of the service, the interaction between the service provider and its customers, and the customer's experience. The increasing importance and size of the service sector in terms of people employed and economic importance requires that services should be well-designed in order to remain competitive and to continue to attract customers. Design management traditionally focuses in the design and development of manufactured products; service design managers can apply many of the same theoretical and methodological approaches. Systematic and strategic management of service design helps the business gain competitive advantages and conquer new markets. Companies that proactively identify the interests of their customers and use this information to develop services that create good experiences for the customer will open up new and profitable business opportunities. </p><p>Companies in the service sector innovate by addressing the intangibility, heterogeneity, inseparability, and perishability of service (the IHIP challenge):<sup id="cite_ref-Regan1963_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regan1963-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Services are <i>intangible</i>; they have no physical form and they cannot be seen before purchase or taken home.</li> <li>Services are <i>heterogenous</i>; unlike tangible products, no two service delivery experiences are alike.</li> <li>Services are <i>inseparable</i>; the act of supplying a service is inseparable from the customer's act of consuming it.</li> <li>Services are <i>perishable</i>; they can not be inventoried.</li></ul> <p>Service design management differs in several ways from product design management. For example, the application of international trading strategies of services is difficult<sup id="cite_ref-Morelli2006_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morelli2006-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because the evolution of service 'from a craftsmanship attitude to industrialization of services' requires the development of new tools, approaches, and policies. Whereas goods can be manufactured centrally and delivered around the globe, services have to be performed at the place of consumption, which makes it difficult to achieve global quality consistency<sup id="cite_ref-Lovelock2001_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lovelock2001-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and effective cost control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_design_management">Business design management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Business design management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Design_thinking" title="Design thinking">Design thinking</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Business_Model_Canvas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Business_Model_Canvas.png/220px-Business_Model_Canvas.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Business_Model_Canvas.png/330px-Business_Model_Canvas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Business_Model_Canvas.png/440px-Business_Model_Canvas.png 2x" data-file-width="8355" data-file-height="5910" /></a><figcaption><b>Business design management</b> is used in the development of business models. The business model canvas by Alexander Osterwalder.</figcaption></figure> <p>Business design management deals with the newly emerging field of integrating design thinking into management. In organisation and management theory, design thinking forms part of the Architecture / Design / <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a> (A/D/A) paradigm which characterizes innovative, human-centered enterprises. This paradigm focuses on a collaborative and iterative style of work and an adductive mode of thinking, compared to practices associated with the more traditional <a href="/wiki/Mathematic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematic">Mathematics</a> / <a href="/wiki/Economic" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic">Economics</a> / <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a> (M/E/P) management paradigm.<sup id="cite_ref-jones_2008_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones_2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2006, the term <i>Business Design</i> is trademarked by the <a href="/wiki/Rotman_School_of_Management" title="Rotman School of Management">Rotman School of Management</a>; they define business design as the application of design thinking principles to business practice. The designerly way of problem solving is an integrative way of thinking that is characterized by a deep understanding of the user, creative resolution of tensions, collaborative prototyping, and continuous modification and enhancement of ideas and solutions. This approach to problem solving can be applied to all components of business, and the management of the problem solving process forms the core of business design management activity. Universities other than the Rotman School of Management are offering similar academic education concepts, including the <a href="/wiki/Aalto_University" title="Aalto University">Aalto University</a> in Finland, which initiated their International Design Business Management (IDBM) program in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-TAIKweb2010_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAIKweb2010-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engineering_design_management">Engineering design management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Engineering design management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Engineering Design Management is a knowledge area within engineering management. It represents the adaptation and application of customary management practices, with the intention of achieving a productive [engineering design process]. Engineering design management is primarily applied in the context of engineering design teams, whereby the activities, outputs and influences of design teams are planned, guided, monitored and controlled. The output of an engineering design process <sup id="cite_ref-Ertas1996_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ertas1996-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is ultimately a description of a technical system.<sup id="cite_ref-Hubka1996_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubka1996-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That technical system may either be an artefact (technical object), production facility, a process plant or any infrastructure for the benefit of society. Therefore, the domain of engineering design management includes high volume, mass production as well as low-volume, infrastructure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_design_management">Urban design management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Urban design management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HafenCity_Hafengeburtstag_2009c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/HafenCity_Hafengeburtstag_2009c.jpg/220px-HafenCity_Hafengeburtstag_2009c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/HafenCity_Hafengeburtstag_2009c.jpg/330px-HafenCity_Hafengeburtstag_2009c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/HafenCity_Hafengeburtstag_2009c.jpg/440px-HafenCity_Hafengeburtstag_2009c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3190" data-file-height="2285" /></a><figcaption><b>Urban design management</b> contributes to the development of urban districts. The newly built <a href="/wiki/HafenCity" title="HafenCity">HafenCity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a> management involves mediation among a range of self-interested stakeholders engaged in the production of the <a href="/wiki/Built_environment" title="Built environment">built environment</a>. Such mediation can encourage a joint search for mutually beneficial outcomes or integrative development. Integrative development aims to produce sustainable solutions by increasing stakeholder satisfaction with the process and with the resulting <a href="/wiki/Urban_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban development">urban development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Edelman2007_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edelman2007-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conventional <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">real estate development</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a> activities are subject to conflicting interests and positional bargaining. The integrative negotiation approach emphasises mutual gains. The approach has been applied in land use planning and environmental management, but has not been used as a coordinated approach to real estate development, city design, and urban planning. Urban design management involves reordering the chain of events in the production of the built environment according to the principles of integrative negotiation. Such negotiation can be used in urban development and planning activities to reach more efficient agreements. This leads to integrative developments and more sustainable ways to produce the built environment.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahlava2008_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahlava2008-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urban design management offers prescriptive advice for practitioners trying to organise city planning activities in a way that will increase sustainability by increasing satisfaction levels. Real estate development and urban planning often occur at very different decision-making levels. The practitioners involved may have diverse educational and professional backgrounds. They certainly have conflicting interests. Providing prescriptive advice for differing, possibly conflicting, groups requires construction of a framework that accommodates all of their daily activities and responsibilities. Urban design management provides a common framework to help bring together the conventional practices of urban and regional planning, real estate development, and urban design. </p><p>The work on <i>Integrative Negotiation Consensus Building</i><sup id="cite_ref-Susskind1999_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susskind1999-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Gains_Approach" title="Mutual Gains Approach">Mutual Gains Approach</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Susskind1996_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susskind1996-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provide a helpful theoretical framework for developing the theory of urban design management. <a href="/wiki/Negotiation_theory" title="Negotiation theory">Negotiation theory</a> provides a useful framework for merging the perspectives of urban planning, city design, and real estate project proposals regarding production of the built environment. <i>Interests</i>, a key construct in negotiation theory, is an important variable that will allow integrated development, as defined above, to occur. The path-breaking work of <a href="/wiki/Roger_Fisher_(academic)" title="Roger Fisher (academic)">Roger Fisher</a> and William Ury (1981), <i>Getting to yes</i>, advises negotiators to focus on interests and mutual gains instead of bargaining over positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher1981_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher1981-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architectural_management">Architectural management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Architectural management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heathrow_Terminal_5_-_Departures.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Heathrow_Terminal_5_-_Departures.jpg/220px-Heathrow_Terminal_5_-_Departures.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Heathrow_Terminal_5_-_Departures.jpg/330px-Heathrow_Terminal_5_-_Departures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Heathrow_Terminal_5_-_Departures.jpg/440px-Heathrow_Terminal_5_-_Departures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><b>Architectural design management</b> contributed to the development of <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Terminal_5" title="Heathrow Terminal 5">Heathrow Terminal 5</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Express" title="Heathrow Express">Heathrow Express</a> by managing the design development and applying visionary leadership.</figcaption></figure> <p>Architectural management can be defined as an ordered way of thinking which helps to realise a quality building for an acceptable cost or as a process function with the aim of delivering greater architectural value to the client and society. Research by Kiran Gandhi describes architectural management as a set of practical techniques for an architect to successfully operate his practice.<sup id="cite_ref-managearchitecture2010_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-managearchitecture2010-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>architectural management</i> has been in use since the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Brunton1964_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brunton1964-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evolution of the field of architectural management has not been a smooth affair. Architectural practice was merely considered a business until after the Second World War, and even then practitioners appeared to be concerned about the conflict between art and commerce, demonstrating indifference to management. There was apparent conflict between the image of an architect and the need for professional management of the architectural business. Reluctance to embrace management and business as an inherent part of architectural practice could also be seen in architectural education programmes and publications. It appears that the management of architectural design, as well as architectural management in general, is still not being given enough importance. Architectural management falls into two distinct parts: office or <a href="/wiki/Practice_management" title="Practice management">practice management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">project management</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_management" title="Office management">Office management</a> provides an overall framework within which many individual projects are commenced, managed, and completed. Architectural management extends between the management of the <a href="/wiki/Design_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Design process">design process</a>, construction, and project management, through to <a href="/wiki/Facility_management" title="Facility management">facilities management</a> of buildings in use. It is a powerful tool that can be applied to the benefit of professional service firms and the total building processes, yet it continues to receive too little attention both in theory and in practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Emmitt2001_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmitt2001-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Emmitt2009_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmitt2009-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Emmitt2007_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmitt2007-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boissevain1995_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boissevain1995-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_2">Business</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Value_for_business">Value for business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Value for business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Design plays a vital role in product and brand development, and is of great economic importance for organisations and companies. Creativity and design in particular (as an activity: design skills, methods and processes) play a growing role in creating products and services with high added value to consumers. Design generates 50% of world export revenue in the <a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">creative industries</a>' products (goods and services). The creative industry workforce is 3.1% of total employment in the European Union (EU), which creates a revenue that is 2.6% of the EU gross value. Creative industries have attained an unprecedented average annual growth rate of 8.7 per cent across the EU between 2000 and 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-EU2009_economy-of-culture_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU2009_economy-of-culture-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EU2009_economy-of-culture_note_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU2009_economy-of-culture_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The increasing importance of creative industries (and especially design) in knowledge-intense industries is reflected not only in the policies and studies on EU levels, but has initiated design and creative policies and programmes in the most advanced economies. Furthermore, design and creativity has been recognised on a regional and local level as a driving force for competitiveness, economic growth, job market, and citizen's satisfaction. The investment in creative and cultural industries are considered a significant component of EU growth in the Lisbon Strategy and the Europe 2020 strategy;<sup id="cite_ref-OMC2010_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMC2010-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and designers are increasingly involved in innovation issues. </p><p>To better understand the value of design and its role in innovation, the EU holds a public consultation on the basis of their publication <i>Design as a driver of user-centred innovation</i><sup id="cite_ref-EU2009_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU2009-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have published the mini-study <i>Design as a tool for innovation</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thenint2008_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thenint2008-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report highlights the importance of design in user-centred innovation and recommends the integration of design into the EU innovation policy. In addition to the design share in the export of all creative industry products, design can also have a positive impact on all business performance indicators; from turnover and profit to market share and competitiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-designfactfinder2011_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designfactfinder2011-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Design management research results can be classified as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-mozota2002_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mozota2002-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Design improves the performance of the innovation policy and of the communications policy of the firm<sup id="cite_ref-designvalue_performance_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designvalue_performance-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Design improves the global performance of the firm; it is a profitable investment<sup id="cite_ref-designvalue_profit_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designvalue_profit-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Design is a profession that creates value on a macro economic level<sup id="cite_ref-designvalue_macrolevel_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designvalue_macrolevel-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Design improves the competitive edge of a country in the international competition; it develops exports<sup id="cite_ref-designvalue_export_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designvalue_export-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Design can help the restructuring of an economic sector in regional economic policy <sup id="cite_ref-designvalue_economy_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designvalue_economy-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>If and how design management is applied in a company correlates with the importance and integration of design in the company, but depends also on industry type, company size, ownership for design and type of competitive competence. A research from the Danish Design Centre (DDC) led to the "Danish Design Ladder", which shows how companies interpreted and applied design in differing depth:<sup id="cite_ref-DDC2011_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDC2011-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Non-design: Companies that do not use design (15% in 2007).</li> <li>Design as styling: Companies that use design as styling appearance (17% in 2007).</li> <li>Design as process: Companies that integrate design into the development process (45% in 2007).</li> <li>Design as innovation: Companies that consider design as key strategic element (21% in 2007).</li></ol> <p>The research showed that companies that considered design on a higher level of the ladder were constantly growing. Additionally, the Danish Design Centre published an <i>Evaluation of the Importance of Design</i> in 2006, with the result that most companies considered design as a promoter for innovation (71%), as a growth potential for the company (79%), and to make products more user friendly (71%). With increasing importance of design for the company, design management also becomes more important. </p><p>The value of design can be leveraged if it is managed well. Research by Chiva and Alegre shows that there is no link between the level of design investment and business success, but instead a strong correlation between design management skills and business success.<sup id="cite_ref-Chiva2009_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiva2009-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walsh1988_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh1988-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that efficient and effective design management is crucial for maximising the value of design. Effective design management increases the efficiency of operations and process management, has a significant positive impact on process management, improves quality performance (internal and external quality), and increases operating performance.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahire2000_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahire2000-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaynak2003_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaynak2003-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To measure and communicate the value of design management, Borja de Mozota suggests adapting the Balanced Score Card model and structuring the values in the following four categories:<sup id="cite_ref-Mozota2006_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mozota2006-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Internal business processes: Design management as an innovation process, providing improvements in company performance and processes. Here, these innovations and processes are totally invisible to outsiders.</li> <li>Learning and growing: Beyond advanced design management. Design explicit knowledge is applied to strategic focus and improves the quality of staff.</li> <li>Customer and brand: Design management as perception and brand. Design knowledge is applied to corporate difference building and strategic positioning.</li> <li>Financial: The historic design management economic model. Design management as an explicit and measurable value for company reputation and stock market performance.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relation_to_other_disciplines_and_departments">Relation to other disciplines and departments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Relation to other disciplines and departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three different orientations for the choice of design management can be identified in companies. These orientations influence the perception of management and the responsibility of design managers within the organisation. The strategic orientations are; market focus, product focus and brand focus.<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Product-driven organisations often have design responsibility in their research and development (R&D) departments.</li> <li>Market-focus driven organisation often have design responsibility in their marketing departments.</li> <li>Brand-focus driven organisations often have design responsibility in corporate communication.</li></ul> <p>Depending on the strategic orientation, design management overlaps with other management branches to differing extents: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marketing_management" title="Marketing management">Marketing management</a>: The concepts and elements of brand management overlap with those of design management. In practice, design management can be part of the job profile of a marketing manager, though the discipline includes aspects that are not in the domain of marketing management. This intersection is called "brand design management" and consists of positioning, personality, purpose, personnel, project and practice,<sup id="cite_ref-Kim-Lee_note_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-Lee_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the objective is to increase brand equity.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim-Lee_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-Lee-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Operations_management" title="Operations management">Operations management</a>: At the operational level design management deals with the management of design projects. Processes and tools from operations management can be applied to design management in the execution of design projects. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">Strategic management</a>: Due to the increasing importance of design as a differentiator and its supporting role in brand equity, design management deals with strategic design issues and supports the strategic direction of the business or enterprise. The debate on design thinking suggests the integration of design thinking into strategic management. Design thinking and strategic thinking have some commonalities in their characteristics, both are synthetic, <a href="/wiki/Adductive" class="mw-redirect" title="Adductive">adductive</a>, hypothesis-driven, opportunistic, <a href="/wiki/Dialectic" title="Dialectic">dialectical</a>, enquiring and value-driven.<sup id="cite_ref-Wit-Meyer2004_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wit-Meyer2004-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Innovation_management" title="Innovation management">Innovation management</a>: The value of the coordinating role of design in <a href="/wiki/New_product_development" title="New product development">new product development</a> has been well documented. Design management can help to improve innovation management, which can be measured by three variables: it reduces time-to-market, by improving sources and communication skills and developing cross-functional innovation; it stimulates networking innovation, by managing product and customer information flows with internal (e.g. teams) and external (e.g. suppliers, society) actors; it improves the learning process by promoting a continuous learning process.<sup id="cite_ref-Mozota2003_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mozota2003-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Hierarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like the management of strategy, design can be managed on three levels: strategic (corporate level or enterprise wide), tactical (business level or individual business units), and operational (individual project level). These three levels have been termed differently by various authors over the last 50 years. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="padding-bottom:1em">Terms used to describe levels of strategy management and design management<sup id="cite_ref-Gillespie2002_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gillespie2002-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>strategic level</th> <th>tactical level</th> <th>operational level</th> <th>author / source </th></tr> <tr> <td>corporate strategy</td> <td>business strategy</td> <td>functional strategy</td> <td><i>Haberberg and Rieple, 2001</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Haberberg2001_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haberberg2001-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>corporate strategy</td> <td>business strategy</td> <td>operational strategy</td> <td><i>Johnson and Scholes, 1999</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Scholes1999_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholes1999-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">business management / office management</td> <td>individual project / job management</td> <td><i>Brunton, 1964</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Brunton1964_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brunton1964-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>corporate / innovation design management</td> <td>design agency management</td> <td>design project management</td> <td><i>Topalian, 1980</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Topalian1980_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topalian1980-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>design policy management</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>operational design management</td> <td><i>Oakley, 1984</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Oakley1984_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oakley1984-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>strategic design management</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>operational design management</td> <td><i>Olins, 1985</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Olins1985_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olins1985-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>strategic (macro)</td> <td>organisational (meso)</td> <td>team / individual (micro)</td> <td><i>Francis and Fischbacher, 1996</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Francis1996_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis1996-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>corporate design management</td> <td>design organisation management</td> <td>design project management</td> <td><i>Chung, 1998</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Chung1998_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung1998-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>anticipative / strategic design management</td> <td>functional design management</td> <td>operational design management</td> <td><i>de Mozota, 1998</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Mozota2003_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mozota2003-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>strategic design management</td> <td>tactical design management</td> <td>operational design management</td> <td><i>Joziasse, 2000</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Joziasse2000_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joziasse2000-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>board / top function</td> <td>middle / business function</td> <td>design activity function</td> <td><i>Cooper, 1995</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Cooper1995_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper1995-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>design strategy management</td> <td>design resource management</td> <td>design project management</td> <td><i>Kootstra, 2006</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1961_AMC_PRfoto_Designers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/1961_AMC_PRfoto_Designers.jpg/220px-1961_AMC_PRfoto_Designers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/1961_AMC_PRfoto_Designers.jpg/330px-1961_AMC_PRfoto_Designers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/1961_AMC_PRfoto_Designers.jpg/440px-1961_AMC_PRfoto_Designers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption> <b>Operational design management</b> deals, among other things, with individual design projects and teams. Standing by the scale model's left front fender is <a href="/wiki/Dick_Teague" title="Dick Teague">Dick Teague</a>, a design manager at <a href="/wiki/American_Motors_Corporation" title="American Motors Corporation">American Motors Corporation</a> (AMC) in 1961.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Operational level</b> </p><p>Operational design management involves the management of individual design projects and design teams. Its goal is to achieve the objectives set by strategic design management. Success of good design management can be measured by evaluating the quality of operational design management outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes the selection and management of design suppliers and encompasses the documentation, supervision, and evaluation of design processes and results. It deals with personal leadership, emotional intelligence, and the cooperation with and management of internal communications. Regular management functions, tools, and concepts can often be applied to the management of design on the operational level. It is implemented to achieve specific design objectives and manage the judgment of design proposals. It can help to build brand equity through the consistent creation and implementation of high-quality design solutions that best fit the brand identity and desired consumer experience, in the most efficient way. Depending on the type of company and industry, the following job titles are associated with this role: operational design manager, senior designer, team leader, visual communication manager, corporate design coordinator, and others. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Training_meeting_in_an_ecodesign_stainless_steel_company_in_brazil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Training_meeting_in_an_ecodesign_stainless_steel_company_in_brazil.jpg/220px-Training_meeting_in_an_ecodesign_stainless_steel_company_in_brazil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Training_meeting_in_an_ecodesign_stainless_steel_company_in_brazil.jpg/330px-Training_meeting_in_an_ecodesign_stainless_steel_company_in_brazil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Training_meeting_in_an_ecodesign_stainless_steel_company_in_brazil.jpg/440px-Training_meeting_in_an_ecodesign_stainless_steel_company_in_brazil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption><b>Tactical design management</b> deals, among other things, with creating awareness for design issues in the company. Training meeting in an eco-design stainless steel company in Brazil.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tactical level</b> </p><p>Tactical design management addresses the organisation of design resources and design processes. Its goal is to create a structure for design in the company, bridging the gap between objectives set through strategic design management and the implementation of design on the operational level.<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It defines how design is organised within the company. This includes the use of a central body to coordinate different design projects and activities. It deals with defining activities, developing design skills and competencies, managing processes, systems and procedures, assigning of roles and responsibilities, developing innovative products and service concepts, and finding new market opportunities. Outcomes of tactical design management are related to the creation of a structure for design within the company, to build internal resources and competencies for the implementation of design. Depending on the type of company and industry, the following job titles are associated with this function: tactical design manager, design director, design & innovation manager, brand design manager, new product development (NPD) manager, visual identity manager, and others. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_Gina_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BMW_Gina_Museum.jpg/220px-BMW_Gina_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BMW_Gina_Museum.jpg/330px-BMW_Gina_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/BMW_Gina_Museum.jpg/440px-BMW_Gina_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1906" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption> <b>Strategic design management</b> deals, among other things, with envisioning the future. Visionary automotive concept <a href="/wiki/BMW_GINA" title="BMW GINA">BMW GINA</a>, BMW Museum, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Strategic level</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Strategic_design" title="Strategic design">Strategic design</a> management involves the creation of strategic long-term vision and planning for design, and deals with defining the role of design within the company. The goal of strategic design management is to support and strengthen the corporate visio by creating a relationship between the design and corporate strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes the creation of design, brand and product strategies, ensuring that design management becomes a central element in the corporate strategy formulation process. Strategic design management is responsible for the development and implementation of a corporate design programme that influences the design vision, mission, and positioning. It allows design to interact with the needs of corporate management and focuses on the long-term capabilities of design. Where strategic design management is applied, there is often a strong belief in the potential to differentiate the company and gain competitive advantage by design. As a result, design thinking becomes integrated into the corporate culture. Depending on the type of company and industry the following job titles are associated with this function: <a href="/wiki/Design_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Design strategy">design strategist</a>, strategic design manager, chief design officer, vice president design and innovation, chief creative officer, innovation design director, and others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_and_responsibility">Role and responsibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Role and responsibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Design management is not a standard model that can be projected onto every enterprise, nor is there a specific way of applying it that leads to guaranteed success. Design management processes are carried out by humans with different responsibilities and backgrounds, who work in different <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industries</a> and enterprises with different sizes and traditions, whilst having different <a href="/wiki/Target_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Target group">target groups</a> and markets to serve. Design management is multifaceted, and so are the different applications of and views on design management. The function of design management in an organisation depends on its tasks, authority, and practice.<sup id="cite_ref-DMIjournal1996vol9_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMIjournal1996vol9-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Task</b> </p><p>Similar tasks can be grouped into categories to describe the job profile of a design manager. Different categories in management that encompass design were defined by several authors; those tasks occur on all three design management levels (strategic, tactical, and operational): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="padding-bottom:1em">Terms used to describe categories of tasks of design managers </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>strategy and purpose</th> <th>personnel and organisation</th> <th>organisational culture and presence</th> <th>projects</th> <th>practice and process</th> <th>author / source </th></tr> <tr> <td>strategy and purpose</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>projects</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td><i>Topalian, 1980</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Topalian1980_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topalian1980-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>strategy and policy</td> <td>human resources</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>projects</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td><i>Oakley, 1984</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Oakley1984_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oakley1984-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;" class="table-na"><small>N/A</small></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>process</td> <td><i>Hetzel, 1998</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Hetzel1998_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hetzel1998-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>strategy and policy</td> <td>human and material resources</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td><i>Blaich, 1998</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Blaich1998_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blaich1998-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>strategy</td> <td>organisation and human resources</td> <td>information resources</td> <td>projects</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td><i>Chung, 1998</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Chung1998_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung1998-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>strategy and purpose</td> <td>human resources</td> <td>organisation culture</td> <td>projects</td> <td>process, practice and support</td> <td><i>Powell, 1998</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Powell1998_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell1998-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>strategy and vision</td> <td>human resources, organisational structure</td> <td>organisational culture</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>process, tools and methodologies</td> <td><i>Joziasse, 2000</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Joziasse2000_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joziasse2000-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>strategy, planning</td> <td>structure, finance, human resources</td> <td>information and communication, link to R&D, link to branding</td> <td>project management</td> <td>evaluation</td> <td><i>de Mozota, 2003</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Mozota2003_117-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mozota2003-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>strategy and policy formation, goals, targets, objectives</td> <td>people and structure, investment and finance, training and learning, resourcing</td> <td>communication</td> <td>projects, planning and scheduling, implementation, monitoring, documentation</td> <td>process planning, evaluation</td> <td><i>Cooper, 1995</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Cooper1995_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper1995-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Authority and position</b> </p><p>The authority and position of the design management function has a large influence on what the design manager does in his or her daily job. Kootstra (2006) distinguishes design management types by organisational function:<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> design management as line function, design management as staff function, and design management as support function. Design management as a "line function" is directly responsible for design execution in the "primary" organisational process and can take place on all levels of the design management hierarchy. The main attributes for design managers in the line are authority over and direct responsibility for the result. Design management as a staff function is not directly responsible for design execution in the "primary" organisational process, but consults as a specialist on all levels of the design management hierarchy. The main attributes for design managers in this function are their limited authority and the need to consult line managers and staff. When the design process is defined as a "secondary" organisational process, design management is seen as "supportive function". In this function it has only a supportive character, classifying the design manager as a creative specialist towards product management, brand management, marketing, R&D, and communication.<sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various authors use different concepts to describe the authority and position of design management; they can be grouped as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="padding-bottom:1em">Terms used to describe categories of position and authority of design management </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>organisational structure & decision-making</th> <th>leadership / management style</th> <th>collaboration / intergroup conflict</th> <th>process integration</th> <th>author / source </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li>centralisation vs. decentralisation</li> <li>design at top-level management</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>flexibility vs. consistency</li> <li>autonomy vs. control</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>grouping of activities</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>pre-development activities</li> <li>product development and testing</li> <li>commercialisation</li></ul> </td> <td><i>Cooper, 1995</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Cooper1995_127-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper1995-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;" class="table-na"><small>N/A</small></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td> <ul><li>Design made without interorganisational cooperation (sub-contract)</li> <li>design made with interorganisational cooperation (company-wide design culture)</li> <li>making design together (network)</li> <li>design made alone (internalisation, selling design expertise)</li></ul> </td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;" class="table-na"><small>N/A</small></td> <td><i>Mozota, 2003</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Mozota2003_117-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mozota2003-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li>staff-function</li> <li>line-function</li> <li>support-function</li></ul> </td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;" class="table-na"><small>N/A</small></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td><i>Kootstra, 2006</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li>functional structure (basic structure)</li> <li>independent project organisation (self-contained group)</li> <li>matrix organisation</li></ul> </td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;" class="table-na"><small>N/A</small></td> <td> <ul><li>design champion</li> <li>design policy</li> <li>design programme</li> <li>design as function (like a design department)</li> <li>design as infusion (everyone is concerned with design, silent designers)</li></ul> </td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;" class="table-na"><small>N/A</small></td> <td><i>Stamm, 2005</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Stamm2005_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stamm2005-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;" class="table-na"><small>N/A</small></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td> <ul><li>Fuzzy Front End (FFE)</li> <li>Product Development Process (PDP)</li> <li>Market Operations (MO)</li></ul> </td> <td><i>Buckler, 1997</i> <sup id="cite_ref-Buckler1997_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckler1997-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and economics">Business and economics portal</a></span></li></ul> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td style="width:33%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brand_management" title="Brand management">Brand management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_model" title="Business model">Business model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate Identity">Corporate Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_leadership" title="Design leadership">Design leadership</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:33%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Design strategy">Design strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_management" title="Operations management">Operations management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_management" title="Product management">Product management</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:33%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Programme management">Programme management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">Project management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_design" title="Strategic design">Strategic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">Strategic management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_planning" title="Strategic planning">Strategic planning</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fayol1841-1925-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fayol1841-1925_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Fayol" title="Henri Fayol">Henri Fayol</a> (1841–1925) considers management to consist of six <a href="/wiki/Function_(engineering)" title="Function (engineering)">functions</a>: forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. He was one of the most influential contributors to modern concepts of management. (see <i>Administration industrielle et générale - prévoyance organization - commandment, coordination – contrôle</i>, Paris: Dunod, 1966)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wicked_problem-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wicked_problem_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Wicked problem" is a phrase originally used in social planning to describe a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize. Moreover, because of complex interdependencies, the effort to solve one aspect of a wicked problem may reveal or create other problems.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ADMIRE2009-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ADMIRE2009_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADMIRE2009_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The highest awareness in the design management community got the Pro Inno Europe initiative (the EU's "focal point for innovation policy analysis, learning and development"), because it funded the ADMIRE (Award for Design Management Innovating and Reinforcing Enterprises) project. The goal of the project was to stimulate companies to invest in design management and use it as a key driver for innovation and competitiveness (e.g. through the Design Management Award, the DME library and the DME self-assessment tool).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APCI2004-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APCI2004_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 2004, a representative of the EU<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2018)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> intimated that there will never be a design policy at European level pursued by the EU, until the national policies become more effective and consistent across Europe (January 2004, on the APCI conference in Paris)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes-Stanton1965v5note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hughes-Stanton1965v5note_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">With the award [...] London Transport's position as the first great commercial organisation to think of design as a major factor involving all its activities has at last been formally recognised.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes-Stanton1965v7note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hughes-Stanton1965v7note_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This article discusses the evolution of Heal's from its beginnings as a small firm to its present position as a large store with a high reputation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TAIKconf1995note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TAIKconf1995note_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2nd conference in 1992: "Qualities of success", 3rd conference in 1995: "The challenge of complexity"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-designstudies_economic-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designstudies_economic_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Design research is done via organisational studies, like design in an economic sector. Following references proof this argument: <ul><li>Hetzel, Patrick. 1993. "Design management et constitution de l'offre", Thése Doctorat Sciences de Gestion, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3.</li> <li>Evans, Bill. 1985. "Japanese-Style Management, Product Design and Corporate Strategy", Design Studies, vol. 6, no. 1, January, 25–32.</li> <li>Brun, Monique. 1994. "Pratiques de création de packagings pour le marché européen: Le cas du secteur alimentaire", Sixth International Forum on Design Management Research & Education, Paris.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-designstudies_companies-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designstudies_companies_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Design research is done via organisational studies, like research on design in large firms, such as Philips or Olivetti. Following references proof this argument: <ul><li>Heskett, John. 1989. Philips, Trefoil Publications, London.</li> <li>Kicherer, S. 1990. Olivetti: A Study of the Corporate Management of Design, Trefoil Publications.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-designstudies_descriptive-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designstudies_descriptive_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Design research is done via descriptive studies of specific methods of design management. Following references proof this argument: <ul><li>Topalian, Alan. 1980. The Management of Design Projects. Associated Business Press.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOakley,_Mark1984" class="citation book cs1">Oakley, Mark (1984). <i>Managing Product Design</i>. London: Littlehampton Book Services Ltd. pp. 8ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-78442-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-78442-5"><bdi>978-0-297-78442-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Managing+Product+Design&rft.place=London&rft.pages=8ff&rft.pub=Littlehampton+Book+Services+Ltd&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-297-78442-5&rft.au=Oakley%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Vitrac, Jean-Pierre. 1994. Comment gagner de nouveaux marchés par le design industriel, Paris, Editions l'Usine Nouvelle.</li> <li>Oakley, Ed. 1990. Design Management: A Handbook of Issues and Methods, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</li> <li>Hollins, Gillian, and Bill Hollins. 1991. Total Design: Managing the Design Process in the Service Sector, London, Pitman.</li> <li>Bauhain–Roux, Dominique. 1992. Gestion du Design et Management d'Entreprise, Chotard.</li> <li>Blaich, Robert, and Janet Blaich. 1993, Product Design and Corporate Strategy: Managing the Connection for Competitive Advantage, New York: McGraw-Hill.</li> <li>Cooper, Rachel, and Mike Press. 1995. The Design Agenda, John Wiley &Sons.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-EU2009_economy-of-culture_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EU2009_economy-of-culture_note_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are 5.885 million workers across the EU in the cultural and creative sector, this are 3.1% of the total employment in the EU. Those workers generate revenue of 654 billion EUR, which is 2.6% of the EU gross value added. The creative industry is on the 3rd place among the economic sectors of the EU and the international trade in creative goods and services experienced an unprecedented average annual growth rate of 8.7 per cent between 2000 and 2005. (see below: EU-Study "The economy of culture in Europe", 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-designvalue_performance-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designvalue_performance_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Design improves the performance of the innovation policy and of the communications policy of the firm. Following references are proofing this argument: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Mozota1985" class="citation journal cs1">de Mozota, Brigitte Borja (1985). "Essai sur la fonction du Design et son rôle dans la Stratégie marketing de l'Entreprise". <i>Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences de Gestion</i>. Paris: Université De Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne, Juin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Th%C3%A8se+de+Doctorat+en+Sciences+de+Gestion&rft.atitle=Essai+sur+la+fonction+du+Design+et+son+r%C3%B4le+dans+la+Strat%C3%A9gie+marketing+de+l%27Entreprise&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=de+Mozota&rft.aufirst=Brigitte+Borja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandry1987" class="citation journal cs1">Landry, Roch (May 3, 1987). "Contributions du design industriel au processus d'innovation et de communication dans l'entreprise". <i>Thèse Pour le Doctorat és Sciences de Gestion</i>. Marseille: Université d'Aix-Marseille.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Th%C3%A8se+Pour+le+Doctorat+%C3%A9s+Sciences+de+Gestion&rft.atitle=Contributions+du+design+industriel+au+processus+d%27innovation+et+de+communication+dans+l%27entreprise&rft.date=1987-05-03&rft.aulast=Landry&rft.aufirst=Roch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrun1990" class="citation journal cs1">Brun, Monique (1990). "Le design: un outil au service de la stratégie". <i>Revue Française du Marketing</i>. <b>4</b> (129): 13–38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+Fran%C3%A7aise+du+Marketing&rft.atitle=Le+design%3A+un+outil+au+service+de+la+strat%C3%A9gie&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=129&rft.pages=13-38&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Brun&rft.aufirst=Monique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Triad Design Project, 1989, Designing for Product Success. Design Management Institute, Boston International Exhibition.</li> <li>Hetzel, Patrick. 1994. "Design management, constitution de l'offre et «néo-marketing»: les contributions du design au renouvellement de la «construction» des processus d'innovation en entreprise", Sixth International Forum on Design Management Research & Education, Paris.</li> <li>Hertenstein, Julie H., and Marjorie B. Platt, 1997. "Developing a Strategic Design Culture", Design Management Journal, Spring, vol. 8, no. 2, 10–19.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-designvalue_profit-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designvalue_profit_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Design improves the global performance of the firm; it is a profitable investment. Following references are proofing this argument: <ul><li>Chaptal de Chanteloup, Christophe. 2011. Le Design - Management stratégique et opérationnel. Vuibert.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesign_Council" class="citation web cs1">Design Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100811075214/http://www.designfactfinder.co.uk/">"Design Fact Finder"</a>. Design Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designfactfinder.co.uk/">the original</a> on 11 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Design+Fact+Finder&rft.pub=Design+Council&rft.au=Design+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.designfactfinder.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rothwell, Roy, and Paul Gardiner. 1983. The Role of Design in Product and Process Change,"Design Studies, vol. 4, no. 3, July, 161–169.</li> <li>Roy, Robin, G. Salaman, and Vivien Walsh. 1986. "Research Grant Final Report, Design-Based Innovation in Manufacturing Industry. Principles and Practices for Successful Design and Production", Report Dig-02, Design Innovation Group, Open University, Milton Keynes.</li> <li>Hart, Susan J., Linda M. Service, and Michael J. Baker. 1989. "Design Orientation and Market Success", Design Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, April, 103–108.</li> <li>Potter, Stephen, Robin; Roy, et al. 1991. "The Benefits and Costs of Investment in Design", The Open University UMIST Report Dig-03 Design Innovation Group, September.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-designvalue_macrolevel-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designvalue_macrolevel_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Design is a profession that creates value on a macroeconomic level. Following references are proofing this argument: <ul><li>HEC Etudes. 1987. "Le poids économique du design français", Etude réalisée à la demande de l'UFDI.Ministère de l'Industrie.</li> <li>Ministere de l'Industrie. 1995. Les PMI Françaises et le Design, Etude de la Direction de l'Action Régionale et de la Petite et Moyenne Industrie, Octobre.</li> <li>Design Business Association, 1990–1991, "Why It Pays to Invest in Good Design", by Vicky Sargent, Chief Executive DBA, Marketing Director International.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-designvalue_export-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designvalue_export_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Design improves the competitive edge of a country in the international competition; it develops exports and favours technology transfer. Following references are proofing this argument: <ul><li>Corfield, K.G. 1979. Report on Product Design, National Economic Development Council.</li> <li>Rothwell, Roy, and Paul Gardiner. 1983. The Role of Design in Product and Process Change,"Design Studies, vol. 4, no. 3, July, 161–169.</li> <li>Ughanwa, Davidson Oyemeka. 1988. "In Search of Design Excellence", Design Studies, vol. 9, no. 4, October, 219–222.</li> <li>Walsh, Vivien, Robin Roy, Margaret Bruce, and Stephen Potter. 1992.Winning by Design, Basil Blackwell.</li> <li>Riedel, Johann, Robin Roy, and Stephen Potter. 1996."Market Demands that Reward Investment in Design", 8th International Forum On Design Management Research And Education, Barcelona.</li> <li>Sentance, Andrew, and James Clarke. 1997. The Contribution of Design to the UK Economy, Design Council, Research Programme, Centre for Economic Forecasting, London Business School, 1–44.</li> <li>Ayral, Suzanne. 1990. "Le design et le processus de choix des matériaux", Actes du Colloque Recherches sur le Design, Compiègne Octobre 1990, 243.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-designvalue_economy-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designvalue_economy_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Design can help the restructuring of an economic sector in regional economic policy. Following references are proofing this argument: <ul><li>Piau, Véronique. 1990. "Les nouveaux enjeux de la conception dans la structure industrielle des années 1990,"Actes du Colloque recherches sur le Design, Octobre, Compiègne, 157.</li> <li>Lovering, Tim. 1995, "Corporate Design Management as an Aid to Regional Development", 7th International Forum on Design Management Research & Education, Stanford University.</li> <li>Cooper, Rachel, and Mike Press. 1995. The Design Agenda, John Wiley &Sons.</li> <li>Mannervik, Ulf. 1995. "Industrial Design Culture and Its Milieu—A Regional Network Perspective", 7th International Forum on Design Management Research & Education, Stanford University.</li> <li>Guimarães, Luiz, John Penny, and Stanley Moody. 1996. "Product Design and Social Needs: The Case of North East Brazil", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 12, No. 7,8, 849- 86.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kim-Lee_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kim-Lee_note_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The elements of design management are: purpose, personnel, Presence, Project and Practice. The elements of brand management are identity, positioning, personality, system and equity. The elements of brand design management are positioning, personality (personality and presence), purpose (identity and purpose), personnel, project and practice, with the objective to increase brand equity.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DMI2010web-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DMI2010web_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DMI2010web_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesign_Management_Institute" class="citation web cs1">Design Management Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.org/dmi/html/aboutdmi/design_management.htm">"Design Management Definition"</a>. Design Management Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Design+Management+Definition&rft.pub=Design+Management+Institute&rft.au=Design+Management+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.org%2Fdmi%2Fhtml%2Faboutdmi%2Fdesign_management.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jones_2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jones_2008_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jones_2008_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2008" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Andrew (2008). <i>The Innovation Acid Test</i>. Axminster: Triarchy Press. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Innovation+Acid+Test&rft.place=Axminster&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Triarchy+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koppelmann1993-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Koppelmann1993_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoppelmann,_Udo1993" class="citation book cs1">Koppelmann, Udo (1993). <i>Produktmarketing: Entscheidungsgrundlage für Produktmanager</i>. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-55986-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-55986-5"><bdi>978-0-387-55986-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Produktmarketing%3A+Entscheidungsgrundlage+f%C3%BCr+Produktmanager&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-387-55986-5&rft.au=Koppelmann%2C+Udo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peter_Gorb-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peter_Gorb_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorb,_Peter2001" class="citation conference cs1">Gorb, Peter (October 19, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110304122600/http://www.designthinkers.com/pdf/pgorb.pdf">"The design management interface"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Designthinkers (ed.). <i>edited conference transcript</i>. Ontario Science Centre, Ontario: The Association of Registered Graphic Designers. pp. 1–13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designthinkers.com/pdf/pgorb.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+design+management+interface&rft.btitle=edited+conference+transcript&rft.place=Ontario+Science+Centre%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=1-13&rft.pub=The+Association+of+Registered+Graphic+Designers&rft.date=2001-10-19&rft.au=Gorb%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.designthinkers.com%2Fpdf%2Fpgorb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kootstra2006p139-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p139_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKootstra,_Geert_L.2006" class="citation book cs1">Kootstra, Geert L. (2006). <i>Designmanagement: design effectief benutten om ondernemingssucces te creëren, 2006, p.139</i>. Amsterdam: Pearson Education. p. 426. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-430-1172-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-430-1172-3"><bdi>978-90-430-1172-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designmanagement%3A+design+effectief+benutten+om+ondernemingssucces+te+cre%C3%ABren%2C+2006%2C+p.139&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=426&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-430-1172-3&rft.au=Kootstra%2C+Geert+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph, P., and Wand, Y. A Proposal for a Formal Definition of the Design Concept. In, Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., <a href="/wiki/John_Mylopoulos" title="John Mylopoulos">Mylopoulos, J.</a>, and Robinson, W., (eds.), Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten-Year Perspective: Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp. 103-136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ralph2009-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ralph2009_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRalph,_P.Wand,_Y.2009" class="citation book cs1">Ralph, P.; Wand, Y. (2009). <i>A proposal for a formal definition of the design concept IN: In Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., and Robinson, W., editors, Design Requirements Workshop (LNBIP 14)</i>. Springer-Verlag. pp. 103–136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+proposal+for+a+formal+definition+of+the+design+concept+IN%3A+In+Lyytinen%2C+K.%2C+Loucopoulos%2C+P.%2C+Mylopoulos%2C+J.%2C+and+Robinson%2C+W.%2C+editors%2C+Design+Requirements+Workshop+%28LNBIP+14%29&rft.pages=103-136&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Ralph%2C+P.&rft.au=Wand%2C+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holm2006-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holm2006_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolm,_Ivar2006" class="citation book cs1">Holm, Ivar (2006). <i>Ideas and Beliefs in Architecture and Industrial design: How attitudes, orientations and underlying assumptions shape the built environment</i>. Oslo School of Architecture and Design. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-547-0174-1" title="Special:BookSources/82-547-0174-1"><bdi>82-547-0174-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideas+and+Beliefs+in+Architecture+and+Industrial+design%3A+How+attitudes%2C+orientations+and+underlying+assumptions+shape+the+built+environment&rft.pub=Oslo+School+of+Architecture+and+Design&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=82-547-0174-1&rft.au=Holm%2C+Ivar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gorb1988-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gorb1988_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorb,_PeterE._Schneider1988" class="citation book cs1">Gorb, Peter; E. Schneider, eds. (1988). <i>Introduction IN: Design talks! London Business School design management seminars</i>. London: Design Council.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+IN%3A+Design+talks%21+London+Business+School+design+management+seminars.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Design+Council&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunod1966-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunod1966_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Administration industrielle et générale - prévoyance organization - commandment, coordination – contrôle</i>. Paris: Dunod. 1966.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Administration+industrielle+et+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+-+pr%C3%A9voyance+organization+-+commandment%2C+coordination+%E2%80%93+contr%C3%B4le&rft.pub=Paris%3A+Dunod&rft.date=1966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner2002-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Turner2002_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnerTopalian,_A.2002" class="citation conference cs1">Turner, Raymond; Topalian, A. (2002). <i>Core responsibilities of design leaders in commercially demanding environments</i>. Inaugural presentation at the Design Leadership Forum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Core+responsibilities+of+design+leaders+in+commercially+demanding+environments&rft.place=Inaugural+presentation+at+the+Design+Leadership+Forum.&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.au=Topalian%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M-Farr1965-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M-Farr1965_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M-Farr1965_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Farr1965" class="citation journal cs1">Michael Farr (August 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vads.ac.uk/diad/article.php?year=1965&title=200&article=d.200.22">"Design Management - Why is it needed now?"</a>. <i>Design Journal</i>. <b>8</b> (200). Glasgow: Council of Industrial Design: 38–39<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Journal&rft.atitle=Design+Management+-+Why+is+it+needed+now%3F&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=200&rft.pages=38-39&rft.date=1965-08&rft.au=Michael+Farr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvads.ac.uk%2Fdiad%2Farticle.php%3Fyear%3D1965%26title%3D200%26article%3Dd.200.22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz1996-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz1996_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz,_Frederic_J.1996" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Frederic J. (1996). <i>The Werkbund: Design Theory and Mass Culture Before the First World War</i>. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-06898-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-06898-0"><bdi>0-300-06898-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Werkbund%3A+Design+Theory+and+Mass+Culture+Before+the+First+World+War&rft.pub=New+Haven%2C+Conn.%3A+Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-300-06898-0&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Frederic+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bürdek1989p358-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bürdek1989p358_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bürdek1989p358_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBürdek,_Bernhard_E.2005" class="citation book cs1">Bürdek, Bernhard E. (2005). <i>Design – Geschichte, Theorie und Praxis in der Produktgestaltung</i> (3rd ed.). Berlin: Birkhäuser – Verlag für Architektur. pp. 358ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7643-7028-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-7643-7028-9"><bdi>3-7643-7028-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+%E2%80%93+Geschichte%2C+Theorie+und+Praxis+in+der+Produktgestaltung&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=358ff&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user+%E2%80%93+Verlag+f%C3%BCr+Architektur&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-7643-7028-9&rft.au=B%C3%BCrdek%2C+Bernhard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodham1997-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woodham1997_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodham,_Jonathan1997" class="citation book cs1">Woodham, Jonathan (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury00wood_0"><i>Twentieth Century Design</i></a></span>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury00wood_0/page/160">160</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-284204-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-284204-8"><bdi>0-19-284204-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth+Century+Design&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-19-284204-8&rft.au=Woodham%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwentiethcentury00wood_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noyes-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Noyes_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noyes_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce, G., (2006) <i>Eliot Noyes</i>, London: Phaidon Press Limited.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geyer1970p35-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Geyer1970p35_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeyer,_ErichBürdek,_Bernhard_E.1970" class="citation journal cs1">Geyer, Erich; Bürdek, Bernhard E. (March 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110603231757/http://www.form.de/w3fa.php?nodeId=116&lang=1&id=1085&ausgabe=51&pic=39">"Design Management – Schlafwort oder Erweiterte Denk- und Handlungsweise"</a>. <i>Form</i>. <b>3</b> (51). Verband Deutscher Industriedesigner: 35–38. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.form.de/w3fa.php?nodeId=116&lang=1&id=1085&ausgabe=51&pic=39">the original</a> on 2011-06-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Form&rft.atitle=Design+Management+%E2%80%93+Schlafwort+oder+Erweiterte+Denk-+und+Handlungsweise&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=51&rft.pages=35-38&rft.date=1970-03&rft.au=Geyer%2C+Erich&rft.au=B%C3%BCrdek%2C+Bernhard+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.form.de%2Fw3fa.php%3FnodeId%3D116%26lang%3D1%26id%3D1085%26ausgabe%3D51%26pic%3D39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kicherer1987-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kicherer1987_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKicherer,_Sibylle1987" class="citation book cs1">Kicherer, Sibylle (1987). <i>Industrie Design als Leistungsbereich von Unternehmen</i> (Dissertation, Band 2 von Reihe Produktforschung und Industriedesign ed.). München: GBI. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89003-202-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89003-202-3"><bdi>978-3-89003-202-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industrie+Design+als+Leistungsbereich+von+Unternehmen&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pages=361&rft.edition=Dissertation%2C+Band+2+von+Reihe+Produktforschung+und+Industriedesign&rft.pub=GBI&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-3-89003-202-3&rft.au=Kicherer%2C+Sibylle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spieß1993-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spieß1993_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpieß,_Heinrich1993" class="citation book cs1">Spieß, Heinrich (1993). <i>Integrated Design Management</i>. Cologne: Fördergesellschaft Produktmarketing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-922292-28-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-922292-28-3"><bdi>3-922292-28-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Integrated+Design+Management&rft.place=Cologne&rft.pub=F%C3%B6rdergesellschaft+Produktmarketing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=3-922292-28-3&rft.au=Spie%C3%9F%2C+Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rummel1995-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rummel1995_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRummel,_Carlo1995" class="citation book cs1">Rummel, Carlo (1995). <i>Designmanagement</i> (Dissertation ed.). Wiesbaden: DUV, Dt. Univ.-Verl. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8244-0253-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8244-0253-3"><bdi>978-3-8244-0253-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designmanagement&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.edition=Dissertation&rft.pub=DUV%2C+Dt.+Univ.-Verl.&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-3-8244-0253-3&rft.au=Rummel%2C+Carlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meier-Kortwig1997-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meier-Kortwig1997_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeier-Kortwig,_Hans_Jörg1997" class="citation book cs1">Meier-Kortwig, Hans Jörg (1997). <i>Design-Management als Beratungsangebot</i>. Statement Verlag. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-932690-29-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-932690-29-7"><bdi>978-3-932690-29-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design-Management+als+Beratungsangebot&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Statement+Verlag&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-3-932690-29-7&rft.au=Meier-Kortwig%2C+Hans+J%C3%B6rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oakley1990-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oakley1990_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakley,_M.1990" class="citation book cs1">Oakley, M. (1990). <i>Design management: A handbook of issues and methods</i>. Basil Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+management%3A+A+handbook+of+issues+and+methods.&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell.&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Oakley%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mozota1990-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mozota1990_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorja_de_Mozota,_Brigitte1990" class="citation book cs1">Borja de Mozota, Brigitte (1990). <i>Design Management</i>. New York: Allworth Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Management&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Allworth+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Borja+de+Mozota%2C+Brigitte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gorb1990-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gorb1990_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorb1990" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Gorb, P. (1990). "Design management: papers from the London Business School". 20, p. viii. Architecture Design And Technology Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Design+management%3A+papers+from+the+London+Business+School&rft.volume=20%2C+p.+viii&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Gorb&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reddot2004-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reddot2004_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRed_Dot" class="citation web cs1">Red Dot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930021131/http://en.red-dot.org/831.html?&cHash=42e9c792803db66672c147fc772cea58&detail=3901">"Robert Ian Blaich"</a>. Red Dot. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.red-dot.org/831.html?&cHash=42e9c792803db66672c147fc772cea58&detail=3901">the original</a> on 30 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Ian+Blaich&rft.pub=Red+Dot&rft.au=Red+Dot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.red-dot.org%2F831.html%3F%26cHash%3D42e9c792803db66672c147fc772cea58%26detail%3D3901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nussbaum, B., ″Hot Products: Smart Design is the Common Thread″, <i>Business Week</i>, June 7, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sakakibara-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sakakibara_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sakakibara, K., “IBM ThinkPad 700C Notebook Computer Case″, <i>Centre for Design Management - London Business School</i>, 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dell, D.; Purdy, G., (1999) <i>ThinkPad: A Different Shade of Blue</i>, Indianapolis: Sams/Mcmillan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hardy, T., “Rebuilding Trust: Design Saves the Brand″, <i>Innovation</i>, Summer 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hardy, T., “Innovation & Chaos”, <i>Design Management Journal</i>, Summer 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Metz, C., ″25 Years of PC Magazine: Year Eleven/1992″, <i>PC Magazine</i>, May 2, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edwards, C.; Engardio, P.; Ihlwan, M., "The Samsung Way", <i>Business Week</i>, June 16, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chung, K.; Freeze, K., “Design Strategy at Samsung Electronics: Becoming a Top-Tier Company″, <i>Design Management Institute Case Study - Harvard Business School Publishing</i>, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-samsungrising-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-samsungrising_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-samsungrising_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cain, G, (2020) <i>Samsung Rising: The Inside Story of the South Korean Giant That Set Out to Beat Apple and Conquer Tech</i>, New York: Currency, pp.113-116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delaney, M.; Hardy, T.; McFarland, J.; Yoon, G., ″Global Localization″, <i>Innovation</i>, Summer 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krishnan, R.; Kumar, K., ″Capturing Value in Global Markets: The Case of Samsung Electronics″, <i>SCMS Journal of Indian Management - Indian Institute of Management Bangalore</i>, October - December 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buchanan, L., "From Cheap to WOW", <i>Case Study, Thunderbird School of Global Management</i>, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremmer, B.; Ihlwan, M., ″Cool Korea″ <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020710222856/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_23/b3786002.htm">[1]</a>, <i> Business Week</i>, June 10, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chung, K.; Hardy, T.; So, S., ″Strategic Realization″ <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.dmi.org/dmi/html/publications/journal/fullabstract_d.jsp?itemID=00111HAR65">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213181950/http://www.dmi.org/dmi/html/publications/journal/fullabstract_d.jsp?itemID=00111HAR65">Archived</a> 2012-02-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Design Management Journal</i>, Winter 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nussbaum, B., “The Hungriest Tiger”, <i>Business Week</i>, June 2, 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kootstra2009-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2009_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2009_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKootstra,_Geert_L.2009" class="citation conference cs1">Kootstra, Geert L. (2009). <i>The incorporation of design management in today's business practises: An analysis of design management practises in Europe</i>. Design Management Europe: ADMIRE programme. p. 63 p.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+incorporation+of+design+management+in+today%27s+business+practises%3A+An+analysis+of+design+management+practises+in+Europe.&rft.pages=63+p&rft.pub=Design+Management+Europe%3A+ADMIRE+programme&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Kootstra%2C+Geert+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lockwood2009-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lockwood2009_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockwood2009" class="citation book cs1">Lockwood, Thomas, ed. (2009). <i>Design Thinking: Integrating Innovation, Customer Experience, and Brand Value</i>. Copublished by DMI & Allworth Press. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58115-668-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58115-668-3"><bdi>978-1-58115-668-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Thinking%3A+Integrating+Innovation%2C+Customer+Experience%2C+and+Brand+Value&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Copublished+by+DMI+%26+Allworth+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58115-668-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farr1996p4-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Farr1996p4_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarr,_Michael1966" class="citation book cs1">Farr, Michael (1966). <i>Design Management</i>. London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 162 (4ff.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Management&rft.place=London&rft.pages=162+%284ff.%29&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=1966&rft.au=Farr%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bürdek1989-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bürdek1989_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBürdek,_Bernhard_E.1989" class="citation journal cs1">Bürdek, Bernhard E. (1989). "Design-Management in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Renaissance nach Jahren der Stagnation". <i>FAZ Blick Durch die Wirtschaft</i>. FAZ.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FAZ+Blick+Durch+die+Wirtschaft&rft.atitle=Design-Management+in+der+Bundesrepublik+Deutschland%3A+Renaissance+nach+Jahren+der+Stagnation&rft.date=1989&rft.au=B%C3%BCrdek%2C+Bernhard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brunton1964-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brunton1964_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brunton1964_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brunton1964_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunton,_J.Baden_Hellard,_R.Boobyer,_E.H.1964" class="citation book cs1">Brunton, J.; Baden Hellard, R.; Boobyer, E.H. (1964). <i>Management Applied to Architectural Practice</i>. London: George Godwin, The Builder. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7114-4301-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7114-4301-3"><bdi>978-0-7114-4301-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Management+Applied+to+Architectural+Practice&rft.place=London&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=George+Godwin%2C+The+Builder&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0-7114-4301-3&rft.au=Brunton%2C+J.&rft.au=Baden+Hellard%2C+R.&rft.au=Boobyer%2C+E.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DMIjournal2010winter-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DMIjournal2010winter_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DMIjournal2010winter_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DMIjournal2010winter_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dmi.org">"Design and National Policy"</a>. <i>Design Management Journal</i>. Boston: Design Management Institute. Summer 1993.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Management+Journal&rft.atitle=Design+and+National+Policy&rft.ssn=summer&rft.date=1993&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdmi.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brighton-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brighton_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson,_Andrew2002" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Andrew (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vads.ac.uk/learning/designingbritain/html/crd.html"><i>From Solving Problems to Selling Product; The Changing Role of Designers in Post-war Britain</i></a>. Brighton: University of Brighton, Design History Research Centre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Solving+Problems+to+Selling+Product%3B+The+Changing+Role+of+Designers+in+Post-war+Britain&rft.place=Brighton&rft.pub=University+of+Brighton%2C+Design+History+Research+Centre&rft.date=2002-09&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvads.ac.uk%2Flearning%2Fdesigningbritain%2Fhtml%2Fcrd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sotamaa2004-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sotamaa2004_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSotamaa2004" class="citation conference cs1">Sotamaa (2004). <i>EU-Study: Design as a driver of user-centred innovation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=EU-Study%3A+Design+as+a+driver+of+user-centred+innovation&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Sotamaa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cox, G (2005) Cox Review of Creativity in Business: Building on the UK’s strengths. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100407171211/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/coxreview_index.htm">http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100407171211/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/coxreview_index.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aspen2011-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aspen2011_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAIGA" class="citation web cs1">AIGA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aiga.org/aspen-design-summit/">"Aspen Design Summit"</a>. AIGA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aspen+Design+Summit&rft.pub=AIGA&rft.au=AIGA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aiga.org%2Faspen-design-summit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cheetman1965-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cheetman1965_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheetham,_Dennis1965" class="citation journal cs1">Cheetham, Dennis (June 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vads.ac.uk/diad/article.php?title=198&year=1965&article=d.198.34">"Design Management – Four views on design decision making"</a>. <i>Design Journal</i>. <b>6</b> (198). Glasgow: Council of Industrial Design: 62–69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Journal&rft.atitle=Design+Management+%E2%80%93+Four+views+on+design+decision+making&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=198&rft.pages=62-69&rft.date=1965-06&rft.au=Cheetham%2C+Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvads.ac.uk%2Fdiad%2Farticle.php%3Ftitle%3D198%26year%3D1965%26article%3Dd.198.34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes-Stanton1965v5-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hughes-Stanton1965v5_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes-Stanton,_Corin1965" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes-Stanton, Corin (May 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vads.ac.uk/diad/article.php?year=1965&title=197&article=d.197.28">"Design Management – Pioneering policies"</a>. <i>Design Journal</i>. <b>5</b> (197). Glasgow: Council of Industrial Design: 36–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Journal&rft.atitle=Design+Management+%E2%80%93+Pioneering+policies&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=197&rft.pages=36-47&rft.date=1965-05&rft.au=Hughes-Stanton%2C+Corin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvads.ac.uk%2Fdiad%2Farticle.php%3Fyear%3D1965%26title%3D197%26article%3Dd.197.28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes-Stanton1965v7-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hughes-Stanton1965v7_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes-Stanton,_Corin1965" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes-Stanton, Corin (July 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vads.ac.uk/diad/article.php?title=199&year=1965&article=d.199.30">"Design Management – A shop with high standards"</a>. <i>Design Journal</i>. <b>7</b> (199). Glasgow: Council of Industrial Design: 42–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Journal&rft.atitle=Design+Management+%E2%80%93+A+shop+with+high+standards&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=199&rft.pages=42-47&rft.date=1965-07&rft.au=Hughes-Stanton%2C+Corin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvads.ac.uk%2Fdiad%2Farticle.php%3Ftitle%3D199%26year%3D1965%26article%3Dd.199.30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EU2009-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EU2009_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EU2009_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEU_Commission2009" class="citation web cs1">EU Commission (2009-04-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110827125633/http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/">"Design as a driver of user-centered innovation"</a>. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels. p. 70. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/">the original</a> on 2011-08-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Design+as+a+driver+of+user-centered+innovation&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Commission+of+the+European+Communities%2C+Brussels&rft.date=2009-04-07&rft.au=EU+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fenterprise%2Fpolicies%2Finnovation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorb1987" class="citation journal cs1">Gorb, Peter (1987). "Projects Not Cases: Teaching Design to Managers". <i>Management Learning</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 299–307. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F135050768701800408">10.1177/135050768701800408</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144900678">144900678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Management+Learning&rft.atitle=Projects+Not+Cases%3A+Teaching+Design+to+Managers&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=299-307&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F135050768701800408&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144900678%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gorb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorb1980" class="citation journal cs1">Gorb, Peter (1980). "Design and its Use to Managers". <i>Journal of the Royal Society of Arts</i>. <b>128</b> (5283): 144–158. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41373058">41373058</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Arts&rft.atitle=Design+and+its+Use+to+Managers&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=5283&rft.pages=144-158&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41373058%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gorb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gorb, Peter (1986) The Business of Design Management, Design Studies, Volume 7, Issue 2, pp.106-110 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-694X(86)90023-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-694X(86)90023-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorb1988" class="citation book cs1">Gorb, Peter (1988). <i>Design Talks</i>. UK: Design Council. p. 308. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0850722187" title="Special:BookSources/0850722187"><bdi>0850722187</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Talks&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=Design+Council&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0850722187&rft.aulast=Gorb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorb1990" class="citation book cs1">Gorb, Peter (1990). <i>Design Management: Papers from the London Business School</i>. UK: Phaidon Press. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1854541536" title="Special:BookSources/1854541536"><bdi>1854541536</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Management%3A+Papers+from+the+London+Business+School&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Phaidon+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=1854541536&rft.aulast=Gorb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorbDumas1987" class="citation journal cs1">Gorb, Peter; Dumas, Angela (1987-07-01). "Silent design". <i>Design Studies</i>. <b>8</b> (3): 150–156. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0142-694X%2887%2990037-8">10.1016/0142-694X(87)90037-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Studies&rft.atitle=Silent+design&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=150-156&rft.date=1987-07-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0142-694X%2887%2990037-8&rft.aulast=Gorb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Dumas%2C+Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TAIKweb2010-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TAIKweb2010_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TAIKweb2010_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_of_Art_and_Design_Helsinki" class="citation web cs1">University of Art and Design Helsinki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100413155215/http://www.uiah.fi/opintoasiat/history2/125years.htm">"125 years history of TAIK"</a>. University of Art and Design Helsinki. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uiah.fi/opintoasiat/history2/125years.htm">the original</a> on April 13, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=125+years+history+of+TAIK&rft.pub=University+of+Art+and+Design+Helsinki&rft.au=University+of+Art+and+Design+Helsinki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uiah.fi%2Fopintoasiat%2Fhistory2%2F125years.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karjalainen2008-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karjalainen2008_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarjalainen,_Toni-MattiSalimäki,_Markku2008" class="citation conference cs1">Karjalainen, Toni-Matti; Salimäki, Markku (14–15 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717200815/http://www.dmi.org/dmi/html/conference/academic08/papers/Karjalainen/DMI%202008%20TMK%26MS%20Final.pdf">"Do offerings meet requirements? Educating T-shaped professionals in strategic design management"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Design Thinking: New Challenges for Designers, Managers and Organizations</i>. ESSEC Business School, Cergy-Pointoise, France: DMI conference. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.org/dmi/html/conference/academic08/papers/Karjalainen/DMI%202008%20TMK&MS%20Final.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Do+offerings+meet+requirements%3F+Educating+T-shaped+professionals+in+strategic+design+management&rft.btitle=Design+Thinking%3A+New+Challenges+for+Designers%2C+Managers+and+Organizations&rft.place=ESSEC+Business+School%2C+Cergy-Pointoise%2C+France&rft.pub=DMI+conference&rft.date=2008-04-14%2F2008-04-15&rft.au=Karjalainen%2C+Toni-Matti&rft.au=Salim%C3%A4ki%2C+Markku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.org%2Fdmi%2Fhtml%2Fconference%2Facademic08%2Fpapers%2FKarjalainen%2FDMI%25202008%2520TMK%26MS%2520Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Businessweek_2009_d-school-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Businessweek_2009_d-school_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusinessweek" class="citation magazine cs1">Businessweek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100530074048/http://www.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/dschools_2009.html">"D-schools 2009"</a>. <i>Businessweek</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/dschools_2009.html">the original</a> on May 30, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Businessweek&rft.atitle=D-schools+2009&rft.au=Businessweek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Finteractive_reports%2Fdschools_2009.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Businessweek_2009_d-school_watch-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Businessweek_2009_d-school_watch_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusinessweek" class="citation magazine cs1">Businessweek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100618124212/http://www.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/dschools_2009_programs_to_watch.html">"D-school programs to watch 2009"</a>. <i>Businessweek</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/dschools_2009_programs_to_watch.html">the original</a> on June 18, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Businessweek&rft.atitle=D-school+programs+to+watch+2009&rft.au=Businessweek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Finteractive_reports%2Fdschools_2009_programs_to_watch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Havard2011-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Havard2011_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbr.org/product/tapping-the-world-s-innovation-hot-spots/an/R0903J-PDF-ENG">"Tapping the world's innovation hot spots"</a>. Harvard Business.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tapping+the+world%27s+innovation+hot+spots&rft.pub=Harvard+Business&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhbr.org%2Fproduct%2Ftapping-the-world-s-innovation-hot-spots%2Fan%2FR0903J-PDF-ENG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karjalainen-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karjalainen_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarjalainenSalimäki,_Markku2008" class="citation conference cs1">Karjalainen, Toni-Matti; Salimäki, Markku (14–15 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717200815/http://www.dmi.org/dmi/html/conference/academic08/papers/Karjalainen/DMI%202008%20TMK%26MS%20Final.pdf">"Do offerings meet requirements? Educating T-shaped professionals in strategic design management"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Design Thinking: New Challenges for Designers, Managers and Organizations</i>. ESSEC Business School, Cergy-Pointoise, France: DMI conference. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.org/dmi/html/conference/academic08/papers/Karjalainen/DMI%202008%20TMK&MS%20Final.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Do+offerings+meet+requirements%3F+Educating+T-shaped+professionals+in+strategic+design+management&rft.btitle=Design+Thinking%3A+New+Challenges+for+Designers%2C+Managers+and+Organizations&rft.place=ESSEC+Business+School%2C+Cergy-Pointoise%2C+France&rft.pub=DMI+conference&rft.date=2008-04-14%2F2008-04-15&rft.aulast=Karjalainen&rft.aufirst=Toni-Matti&rft.au=Salim%C3%A4ki%2C+Markku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.org%2Fdmi%2Fhtml%2Fconference%2Facademic08%2Fpapers%2FKarjalainen%2FDMI%25202008%2520TMK%26MS%2520Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TRIAD1989-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TRIAD1989_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesign_Management_Institute1989" class="citation book cs1">Design Management Institute (1989). <i>Triad Design Project: Designing for Product Success</i>. Boston: Boston International Exhibition. p. 160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Triad+Design+Project%3A+Designing+for+Product+Success&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Boston+International+Exhibition&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Design+Management+Institute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findeli2005-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findeli2005_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindeli2005" class="citation conference cs1">Findeli, Alain (March 29–31, 2005). "The eclipse of the product in design theory". <i>Design system evolution, key note lecture</i>. Bremen: European Academy of Design conference EAD6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+eclipse+of+the+product+in+design+theory&rft.btitle=Design+system+evolution%2C+key+note+lecture&rft.place=Bremen&rft.pub=European+Academy+of+Design+conference+EAD6&rft.date=2005-03-29%2F2005-03-31&rft.aulast=Findeli&rft.aufirst=Alain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mozota2006-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mozota2006_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mozota2006_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMozota2006" class="citation conference cs1">Mozota, Borja de (March 16–19, 2006). "A theoretical model for Design in Management science according to the paradigm shift of the Design profession: from management as a constraint to management science as an opportunity". <i>1st International Design Management Symposium D2B</i>. Shanghai Jiao Tong University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=A+theoretical+model+for+Design+in+Management+science+according+to+the+paradigm+shift+of+the+Design+profession%3A+from+management+as+a+constraint+to+management+science+as+an+opportunity&rft.btitle=1st+International+Design+Management+Symposium+D2B&rft.place=Shanghai+Jiao+Tong+University&rft.date=2006-03-16%2F2006-03-19&rft.aulast=Mozota&rft.aufirst=Borja+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mozota2002-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mozota2002_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mozota2002_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Mozota2003" class="citation journal cs1">de Mozota, Brigitte Borja (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dmi.org">"Design and competitive edge: A model for design management excellence in European SMEs"</a>. <i>Design Management Journal</i>. <b>2</b> (Academic Review). Boston: Design Management Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Management+Journal&rft.atitle=Design+and+competitive+edge%3A+A+model+for+design+management+excellence+in+European+SMEs&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=Academic+Review&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=de+Mozota&rft.aufirst=Brigitte+Borja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdmi.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johansson2008-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johansson2008_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohanssonJill_Woodilla2008" class="citation conference cs1">Johansson, Ulla; Jill Woodilla (2008). <i>Towards a better paradigmatic partnership between design and management</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Towards+a+better+paradigmatic+partnership+between+design+and+management&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=Ulla&rft.au=Jill+Woodilla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kootstra2006p451-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kootstra2006p451_82-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKootstra,_Geert_L.Jos_van_der_Zwaal2006" class="citation book cs1">Kootstra, Geert L.; Jos van der Zwaal (2006). <i>Design management: Design effectief benutten om ondernemingssucces te creëren</i>. Amsterdam: Pearson Education Benelux. p. 451. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-430-1172-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-430-1172-3"><bdi>978-90-430-1172-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+management%3A+Design+effectief+benutten+om+ondernemingssucces+te+cre%C3%ABren&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=451&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+Benelux&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-430-1172-3&rft.au=Kootstra%2C+Geert+L.&rft.au=Jos+van+der+Zwaal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simeone2014-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Simeone2014_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimeone2014" class="citation conference cs1">Simeone, Luca (2 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.org/?page=admc2014"><i>Interplay between user-centered design and design management in creating an interactive platform to support low carbon economy</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. DMI conference. London. pp. 669–689<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Interplay+between+user-centered+design+and+design+management+in+creating+an+interactive+platform+to+support+low+carbon+economy&rft.place=London&rft.pages=669-689&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft.aulast=Simeone&rft.aufirst=Luca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.org%2F%3Fpage%3Dadmc2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Regan1963-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Regan1963_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegan1963" class="citation journal cs1">Regan, W.J. (1963). "The Service Revolution". <i>Journal of Marketing</i>. <b>27</b> (47): 57–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002224296302700312">10.1177/002224296302700312</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145815735">145815735</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Marketing&rft.atitle=The+Service+Revolution&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=57-62&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002224296302700312&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145815735%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Regan&rft.aufirst=W.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morelli2006-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morelli2006_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorelliSangiorgi,_D.2006" class="citation conference cs1">Morelli, N.; Sangiorgi, D. (2006). "Managing globalization and local issues in service design: on the convergence between opposing demands of industrialisation and personalisation of service performance". In O'Brien, M.A.; Hands, D.; Williams, A.J. (eds.). <i>Proceedings: D2B – The first international design management symposium</i>. Adelphi Research Institute for Creative Arts and Sciences. Shanghai: Salford UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Managing+globalization+and+local+issues+in+service+design%3A+on+the+convergence+between+opposing+demands+of+industrialisation+and+personalisation+of+service+performance&rft.btitle=Proceedings%3A+D2B+%E2%80%93+The+first+international+design+management+symposium&rft.place=Shanghai&rft.pub=Salford+UK&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Morelli&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Sangiorgi%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lovelock2001-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lovelock2001_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovelock1996" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Lovelock, Christopher H. (January 12, 1996). "Services Marketing". <i>Prentice Hall College Div</i>. 3 edition. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0134558417" title="Special:BookSources/978-0134558417"><bdi>978-0134558417</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prentice+Hall+College+Div&rft.atitle=Services+Marketing&rft.volume=3+edition&rft.date=1996-01-12&rft.isbn=978-0134558417&rft.aulast=Lovelock&rft.aufirst=Christopher+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ertas1996-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ertas1996_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErtas,_A.Jones,_J.1996" class="citation book cs1">Ertas, A.; Jones, J. (1996). <i>The Engineering Design Process (2nd ed.)</i>. New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0471136996" title="Special:BookSources/978-0471136996"><bdi>978-0471136996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Engineering+Design+Process+%282nd+ed.%29&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0471136996&rft.au=Ertas%2C+A.&rft.au=Jones%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubka1996-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hubka1996_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHubka,_V.Eder,_WE.1996" class="citation book cs1">Hubka, V.; Eder, WE. (1996). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/designscienceint00dipl"><i>Design Science</i></a></span>. London, UK.: Springer. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/designscienceint00dipl/page/n136">126</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3540199977" title="Special:BookSources/978-3540199977"><bdi>978-3540199977</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Science&rft.place=London%2C+UK.&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Springer.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-3540199977&rft.au=Hubka%2C+V.&rft.au=Eder%2C+WE.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdesignscienceint00dipl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edelman2007-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edelman2007_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdelman,_Harry2007" class="citation book cs1">Edelman, Harry (2007). <i>Urban Design Management: Using integrative negotiation to create value at the intersection of urban planning, city design, and real estate development</i>. Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Architecture. p. 377. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-22-8982-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-22-8982-0"><bdi>978-951-22-8982-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Design+Management%3A+Using+integrative+negotiation+to+create+value+at+the+intersection+of+urban+planning%2C+city+design%2C+and+real+estate+development&rft.place=Espoo%2C+Finland&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=Helsinki+University+of+Technology%2C+Department+of+Architecture&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-951-22-8982-0&rft.au=Edelman%2C+Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahlava2008-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ahlava2008_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhlava,_A.Edelman,_H.2009" class="citation book cs1">Ahlava, A.; Edelman, H. (2009). <i>Urban Design Management: a guide to good practice</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46921-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46921-0"><bdi>978-0-415-46921-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Design+Management%3A+a+guide+to+good+practice&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-46921-0&rft.au=Ahlava%2C+A.&rft.au=Edelman%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Susskind1999-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Susskind1999_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusskind,_L.McKearnan,_S.Thomas-Larmer,_J.Consensus_Building_Institute1999" class="citation book cs1">Susskind, L.; McKearnan, S.; Thomas-Larmer, J.; Consensus Building Institute (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/consens_xxx_1999_00_3007/page/1176"><i>The consensus building handbook: a comprehensive guide to reaching agreement</i></a>. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/consens_xxx_1999_00_3007/page/1176">1176</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-0844-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-0844-9"><bdi>978-0-7619-0844-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+consensus+building+handbook%3A+a+comprehensive+guide+to+reaching+agreement&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+Calif&rft.pages=1176&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-0844-9&rft.au=Susskind%2C+L.&rft.au=McKearnan%2C+S.&rft.au=Thomas-Larmer%2C+J.&rft.au=Consensus+Building+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconsens_xxx_1999_00_3007%2Fpage%2F1176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Susskind1996-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Susskind1996_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusskind,_L.Field,_P.1996" class="citation book cs1">Susskind, L.; Field, P. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dealingwithangry00suss"><i>Dealing with an angry public: the mutual gains approach to resolving disputes</i></a></span>. New York: Free Press. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-2735-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-2735-0"><bdi>978-1-4516-2735-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dealing+with+an+angry+public%3A+the+mutual+gains+approach+to+resolving+disputes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-4516-2735-0&rft.au=Susskind%2C+L.&rft.au=Field%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdealingwithangry00suss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher1981-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher1981_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher,_R.Ury,_W.Patton,_B._M.1981" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, R.; Ury, W.; Patton, B. M. (28 September 1981). <i>Getting to yes: negotiating agreement without giving in</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-31757-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-31757-0"><bdi>978-0-395-31757-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+to+yes%3A+negotiating+agreement+without+giving+in&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1981-09-28&rft.isbn=978-0-395-31757-0&rft.au=Fisher%2C+R.&rft.au=Ury%2C+W.&rft.au=Patton%2C+B.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-managearchitecture2010-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-managearchitecture2010_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.managearchitecture.com">"Manage Architecture"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manage+Architecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.managearchitecture.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmitt2001-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emmitt2001_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmitt,_Stephen2001" class="citation journal cs1">Emmitt, Stephen (2001). "Architectural management — an evolving field". <i>Engineering Construction and Architectural Management</i>. <b>6</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engineering+Construction+and+Architectural+Management&rft.atitle=Architectural+management+%E2%80%94+an+evolving+field&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Emmitt%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmitt2009-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emmitt2009_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmitt,_StephenPrins,_MatthijsAd_den_Otter2009" class="citation book cs1">Emmitt, Stephen; Prins, Matthijs; Ad den Otter (2009). <i>Architectural management: International research and practice</i>. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7786-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7786-3"><bdi>978-1-4051-7786-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architectural+management%3A+International+research+and+practice&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-7786-3&rft.au=Emmitt%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Prins%2C+Matthijs&rft.au=Ad+den+Otter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmitt2007-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emmitt2007_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmitt,_Stephen2007" class="citation book cs1">Emmitt, Stephen (2007). <i>Design Management for Architects</i>. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. p. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-3147-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-3147-6"><bdi>978-1-4051-3147-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Management+for+Architects&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-3147-6&rft.au=Emmitt%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boissevain1995-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boissevain1995_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoissevain,_Gustaaf_W.O.Prins,_Matthijs1995" class="citation journal cs1">Boissevain, Gustaaf W.O.; Prins, Matthijs (1995). "Architectural management and design management – the state of the art in Netherlands and ideas for research". <i>International Journal of Architectural Management, Practice and Research</i>. <b>9</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Architectural+Management%2C+Practice+and+Research&rft.atitle=Architectural+management+and+design+management+%E2%80%93+the+state+of+the+art+in+Netherlands+and+ideas+for+research&rft.volume=9&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Boissevain%2C+Gustaaf+W.O.&rft.au=Prins%2C+Matthijs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EU2009_economy-of-culture-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EU2009_economy-of-culture_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEU_study" class="citation web cs1">EU study. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/culture/key-documents/doc873_en.htm">"The economy of culture in Europe"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+economy+of+culture+in+Europe&rft.au=EU+study&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fculture%2Fkey-documents%2Fdoc873_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OMC2010-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OMC2010_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOMC2010" class="citation book cs1">OMC (June 2010). <i>Final report - Expert Working Group on maximizing the potential of Cultural and Creative Industries, in particular that of SMEs</i>. OMC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+report+-+Expert+Working+Group+on+maximizing+the+potential+of+Cultural+and+Creative+Industries%2C+in+particular+that+of+SMEs&rft.pub=OMC&rft.date=2010-06&rft.au=OMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thenint2008-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thenint2008_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThenit,_Hugo2008" class="citation conference cs1">Thenit, Hugo (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202063406/http://grips.proinno-europe.eu/knowledge_base/view/549">"Design as a tool for innovation"</a>. <i>Global Review of Innovation Intelligence and Policy Studies</i>. Brussels: PRO INNO Europe. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grips.proinno-europe.eu/knowledge_base/view/549/">the original</a> on 2011-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Design+as+a+tool+for+innovation&rft.btitle=Global+Review+of+Innovation+Intelligence+and+Policy+Studies&rft.place=Brussels&rft.pub=PRO+INNO+Europe&rft.date=2008-10&rft.au=Thenit%2C+Hugo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrips.proinno-europe.eu%2Fknowledge_base%2Fview%2F549%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-designfactfinder2011-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designfactfinder2011_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesign_Council" class="citation web cs1">Design Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100811075214/http://www.designfactfinder.co.uk/">"Design Fact Finder"</a>. Design Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designfactfinder.co.uk/">the original</a> on 11 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Design+Fact+Finder&rft.pub=Design+Council&rft.au=Design+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.designfactfinder.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDC2011-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DDC2011_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Agency_for_Enterprise_and_Housing" class="citation web cs1">National Agency for Enterprise and Housing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122542/http://www.ebst.dk/file/1924/the_economic_effects_of_designn.pdf">"The economic effect of design"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Agency for Enterprise and Housing. p. 35. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebst.dk/file/1924/the_economic_effects_of_designn.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+economic+effect+of+design&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=National+Agency+for+Enterprise+and+Housing&rft.au=National+Agency+for+Enterprise+and+Housing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebst.dk%2Ffile%2F1924%2Fthe_economic_effects_of_designn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chiva2009-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chiva2009_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChivaAlegre,_Joaquín2009" class="citation journal cs1">Chiva, Ricardo; Alegre, Joaquín (July 2009). "Investment in Design and Firm Performance: The Mediating Role of Design Management". <i>Journal of Product Innovation Management</i>. <b>26</b> (4). Wiley-Blackwell: 424–440(17). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-5885.2009.00669.x">10.1111/j.1540-5885.2009.00669.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Product+Innovation+Management&rft.atitle=Investment+in+Design+and+Firm+Performance%3A+The+Mediating+Role+of+Design+Management&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=424-440%2817%29&rft.date=2009-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-5885.2009.00669.x&rft.aulast=Chiva&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft.au=Alegre%2C+Joaqu%C3%ADn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walsh1988-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walsh1988_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalshRobin_RoyMagaret_Bruce1988" class="citation journal cs1">Walsh, Vivien; Robin Roy; Magaret Bruce (1988). "Competitive by design". <i>Journal of Marketing Management</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 201–216. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0267257X.1988.9964069">10.1080/0267257X.1988.9964069</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Marketing+Management&rft.atitle=Competitive+by+design&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=201-216&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0267257X.1988.9964069&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Vivien&rft.au=Robin+Roy&rft.au=Magaret+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahire2000-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ahire2000_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.L.Dreyfus,_P.2000" class="citation journal cs1">S.L., Ahire; Dreyfus, P. (2000). "The impact of design management and process management on quality: an empirical examination". <i>Journal of Operations Management</i>. <b>18</b> (5). Elsevier Science B.V.: 549–575. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0272-6963%2800%2900029-2">10.1016/S0272-6963(00)00029-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Operations+Management&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+design+management+and+process+management+on+quality%3A+an+empirical+examination&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=549-575&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0272-6963%2800%2900029-2&rft.aulast=S.L.&rft.aufirst=Ahire&rft.au=Dreyfus%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaynak2003-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaynak2003_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaynak,_H.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Kaynak, H. (2003). "The relationship between total quality management practices and their effects on firm performance". <i>Journal of Operations Management</i>. <b>21</b> (4): 405–435. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0272-6963%2803%2900004-4">10.1016/s0272-6963(03)00004-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:18704153">18704153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Operations+Management&rft.atitle=The+relationship+between+total+quality+management+practices+and+their+effects+on+firm+performance&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=405-435&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0272-6963%2803%2900004-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A18704153%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Kaynak%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kim-Lee-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kim-Lee_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimLee,_Jin-Ryeol" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Eun-Young; Lee, Jin-Ryeol. "A study on Establishment of Concept and Elements of Brand Design Management". Chosun University, The Republic of Korea.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+study+on+Establishment+of+Concept+and+Elements+of+Brand+Design+Management&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Eun-Young&rft.au=Lee%2C+Jin-Ryeol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wit-Meyer2004-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wit-Meyer2004_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitMeyer,_Ron2004" class="citation book cs1">Wit, Bob de; Meyer, Ron (2004). <i>Strategy: Process, Content, Context</i>. Cengage Learning Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86152-964-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86152-964-0"><bdi>978-1-86152-964-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategy%3A+Process%2C+Content%2C+Context&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning+Services&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-86152-964-0&rft.aulast=Wit&rft.aufirst=Bob+de&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mozota2003-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mozota2003_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mozota2003_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mozota2003_117-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mozota2003_117-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMozota,_Brigitte_Borja_de1996" class="citation book cs1">Mozota, Brigitte Borja de (1996). <i>Design management: using design to build brand value and corporate innovation</i>. New York: Allworth Press. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58115-283-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58115-283-8"><bdi>978-1-58115-283-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+management%3A+using+design+to+build+brand+value+and+corporate+innovation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Allworth+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-58115-283-8&rft.au=Mozota%2C+Brigitte+Borja+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gillespie2002-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gillespie2002_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillespie2002" class="citation book cs1">Gillespie, Brain (2002). <i>Strategic Design Management and the Role of Consulting – What is strategic design management and what role can and do consultants play in the strategic design management of organizations (MBA dissertation)</i>. Westminster: University of Westminster. p. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategic+Design+Management+and+the+Role+of+Consulting+%E2%80%93+What+is+strategic+design+management+and+what+role+can+and+do+consultants+play+in+the+strategic+design+management+of+organizations+%28MBA+dissertation%29&rft.place=Westminster&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=University+of+Westminster&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Brain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haberberg2001-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haberberg2001_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaberbergRieple,_Alison2001" class="citation book cs1">Haberberg, Adrian; Rieple, Alison (28 March 2001). <i>The Strategic Management of Organizations</i>. Financial Times Prent. Int. p. 842. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-021971-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-021971-8"><bdi>978-0-13-021971-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strategic+Management+of+Organizations&rft.pages=842&rft.pub=Financial+Times+Prent.+Int&rft.date=2001-03-28&rft.isbn=978-0-13-021971-8&rft.aulast=Haberberg&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.au=Rieple%2C+Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scholes1999-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scholes1999_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScholesJohnson,_Gerry1998" class="citation book cs1">Scholes, Kevan; Johnson, Gerry (November 1998). <i>Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases</i>. Harlow: Prentice Hall. p. 1000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-080740-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-080740-3"><bdi>978-0-13-080740-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+Corporate+Strategy%3A+Text+and+Cases&rft.place=Harlow&rft.pages=1000&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1998-11&rft.isbn=978-0-13-080740-3&rft.aulast=Scholes&rft.aufirst=Kevan&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Gerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Topalian1980-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Topalian1980_121-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topalian1980_121-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTopalian1980" class="citation book cs1">Topalian, Alan (1980). <i>The Management of Design Projects</i>. Associated Business Press. pp. 105–129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Management+of+Design+Projects&rft.pages=105-129&rft.pub=Associated+Business+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Topalian&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oakley1984-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oakley1984_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oakley1984_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakley,_Mark1984" class="citation book cs1">Oakley, Mark (1984). <i>Managing Product Design</i>. London: Littlehampton Book Services Ltd. pp. 8ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-78442-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-78442-5"><bdi>978-0-297-78442-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Managing+Product+Design&rft.place=London&rft.pages=8ff&rft.pub=Littlehampton+Book+Services+Ltd&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-297-78442-5&rft.au=Oakley%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olins1985-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olins1985_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlins,_Wolff1985" class="citation book cs1">Olins, Wolff (1985). <i>The Wolff Olins Guide to Design Management</i>. London: Wolff Olins. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9509257-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9509257-1-4"><bdi>978-0-9509257-1-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wolff+Olins+Guide+to+Design+Management&rft.place=London&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Wolff+Olins&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-9509257-1-4&rft.au=Olins%2C+Wolff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Francis1996-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Francis1996_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisFischbacher,_M.1996" class="citation conference cs1">Francis, A.; Fischbacher, M. (1996). "Managing Design in Service Sector 'Virtual' Organizations". <i>Design Council Workshop, London. Course Materials, Design Processes</i>. University of Westminster MBA in Design Management, Bettina von Stamm.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Managing+Design+in+Service+Sector+%27Virtual%27+Organizations&rft.btitle=Design+Council+Workshop%2C+London.+Course+Materials%2C+Design+Processes&rft.pub=University+of+Westminster+MBA+in+Design+Management%2C+Bettina+von+Stamm&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Fischbacher%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chung1998-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chung1998_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chung1998_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChung,_Kyung_Won1998" class="citation journal cs1">Chung, Kyung Won (Summer 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dmi.org">"The Nature of Design Management: Developing a Curriculum Model"</a>. <i>Design Management Journal</i>. <b>9</b> (3). Boston: Design Management Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Management+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Nature+of+Design+Management%3A+Developing+a+Curriculum+Model&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Chung%2C+Kyung+Won&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdmi.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joziasse2000-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joziasse2000_126-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joziasse2000_126-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoziasse2000" class="citation journal cs1">Joziasse, Frans (Fall 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dmi.org">"Corporate Strategy: Bringing Design Management into the Fold"</a>. <i>Design Management Journal</i>. <b>10</b> (3). Boston: Design Management Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Management+Journal&rft.atitle=Corporate+Strategy%3A+Bringing+Design+Management+into+the+Fold.&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Joziasse&rft.aufirst=Frans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdmi.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper1995-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper1995_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper1995_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper1995_127-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperMike_Press1995" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, R.; Mike Press (1995). <i>Design Agenda: A Guide to Successful Design Management</i>. Wiley John + Sons. p. 304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-94106-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-94106-4"><bdi>978-0-471-94106-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Agenda%3A+A+Guide+to+Successful+Design+Management&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Wiley+John+%2B+Sons&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-471-94106-4&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Mike+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DMIjournal1996vol9-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DMIjournal1996vol9_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesign_Management_Institute1996" class="citation journal cs1">Design Management Institute (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.org">"18 Views on the Definition of Design Management"</a>. <i>Design Management Journal</i>. <b>9</b> (3). Design Management Institute: 14–19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Management+Journal&rft.atitle=18+Views+on+the+Definition+of+Design+Management&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=14-19&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Design+Management+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hetzel1998-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hetzel1998_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHetzel1993" class="citation book cs1">Hetzel, Patrick (1993). <i>Design Management et Constitution de l'Offre, These de Doctorat Sciences de Gestion</i>. Lyon: Universite Jean Moulin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Management+et+Constitution+de+l%27Offre%2C+These+de+Doctorat+Sciences+de+Gestion&rft.place=Lyon&rft.pub=Universite+Jean+Moulin&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Hetzel&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blaich1998-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blaich1998_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlaichBlaich,_Janet1993" class="citation book cs1">Blaich, Robert; Blaich, Janet (1993). <i>Product Design and Corporate Strategy: Managing the connection for competitive advantage</i>. New York: McGraw-Hill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Product+Design+and+Corporate+Strategy%3A+Managing+the+connection+for+competitive+advantage&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Blaich&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Blaich%2C+Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell1998-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Powell1998_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1998" class="citation journal cs1">Powell, Earl N. (Summer 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dmi.org">"Developing a framework for design management"</a>. <i>Design Management Journal</i>. <b>9</b> (3). Boston: Design Management Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Management+Journal&rft.atitle=Developing+a+framework+for+design+management.&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Earl+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdmi.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stamm2005-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stamm2005_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStamm2005" class="citation book cs1">Stamm, Bettina von (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/managinginnovati0000vons"><i>Managing Innovation, Design & Creativity</i></a></span>. West Sussex: London Business School. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-84708-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-84708-4"><bdi>978-0-470-84708-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Managing+Innovation%2C+Design+%26+Creativity&rft.place=West+Sussex&rft.pub=London+Business+School&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-470-84708-4&rft.aulast=Stamm&rft.aufirst=Bettina+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanaginginnovati0000vons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buckler1997-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buckler1997_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBucklerZien,_K.A.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Buckler, S.A.; Zien, K.A. (1997). "From experience: dreams to market: creating a culture of innovation". <i>Journal of Product Innovation Management</i>. <b>14</b> (4). Wiley-Blackwell: 274–287. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1540-5885.1440274">10.1111/1540-5885.1440274</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1540-5885">1540-5885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Product+Innovation+Management&rft.atitle=From+experience%3A+dreams+to+market%3A+creating+a+culture+of+innovation&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=274-287&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1540-5885.1440274&rft.issn=1540-5885&rft.aulast=Buckler&rft.aufirst=S.A.&rft.au=Zien%2C+K.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_management&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Books</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperPress1995" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, R.; Press (1995). <i>The Design Agenda / A Guide to Successful Design Management</i>. Chichester. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-273-64374-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-273-64374-6"><bdi>0-273-64374-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Design+Agenda+%2F+A+Guide+to+Successful+Design+Management&rft.place=Chichester&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-273-64374-6&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruceCooper1997" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, M.; Cooper, R. (1997). <i>Marketing and Design Management</i>. Boston: Thomson Business Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86152-173-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-86152-173-1"><bdi>1-86152-173-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marketing+and+Design+Management&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Thomson+Business+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-86152-173-1&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruceBessant2002" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, M.; Bessant, J. (2002). <i>Design in Business – Strategic Innovation through Design</i>. Essex (Great Britain): Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-273-64374-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-273-64374-6"><bdi>978-0-273-64374-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+in+Business+%E2%80%93+Strategic+Innovation+through+Design&rft.place=Essex+%28Great+Britain%29&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-273-64374-6&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Bessant%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMozota2003" class="citation book cs1">Mozota, B. (2003). <i>Design management: using design to build brand value and corporate innovation</i>. New York: Allworth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58115-283-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-58115-283-3"><bdi>1-58115-283-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+management%3A+using+design+to+build+brand+value+and+corporate+innovation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Allworth+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-58115-283-3&rft.aulast=Mozota&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBest2006" class="citation book cs1">Best, K. (2006). <i>Design Management: Managing Design Strategy, Process and Implementation</i>. Lausanne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-940373-12-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-940373-12-3"><bdi>978-2-940373-12-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Management%3A+Managing+Design+Strategy%2C+Process+and+Implementation&rft.place=Lausanne&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-2-940373-12-3&rft.aulast=Best&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoostra2006" class="citation book cs1">Koostra, G. (2006). <i>Designmanagement, design effectief benutten om ondernemingssucces te creeren</i>. Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-430-1172-X" title="Special:BookSources/90-430-1172-X"><bdi>90-430-1172-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designmanagement%2C+design+effectief+benutten+om+ondernemingssucces+te+creeren&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=90-430-1172-X&rft.aulast=Koostra&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperJungingerLockwood2011" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, R.; Junginger, S.; Lockwood, T. (2011). <i>The Handbook of Design Management</i>. Oxford: Berg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84788-488-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84788-488-6"><bdi>978-1-84788-488-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Design+Management&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84788-488-6&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Junginger%2C+S.&rft.au=Lockwood%2C+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+management" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Bruce, M.; Jevnaker, B. H. (Eds.) (1997/1998). Management of Design Alliances: Sustaining Competitive Advantage. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0471974765" title="Special:BookSources/978-0471974765">978-0471974765</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Design" class="extiw" title="q:Design">Design</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Management" class="extiw" title="q:Management">Management</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Design" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Design" title="Template:Design"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Design" title="Template talk:Design"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Design" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Design"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Design" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_design" title="Outline of design">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer" title="Designer">Designer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disciplines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disciplines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_design" title="Communication design">Communication<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Brand design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibit_design" title="Exhibit design">Exhibit design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_title_design" title="Film title design">Film title design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_graphic_design" title="Motion graphic design">Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp_design" title="Postage stamp design">Postage stamp design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_design" title="Print design">Print design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructional_design" title="Instructional design">Instructional design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_design" title="News design">News design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_design" title="Retail design">Retail design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signage" title="Signage">Signage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign_design" title="Traffic sign design">Traffic sign design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> / <a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_design" title="Video design">Video design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_merchandising" title="Visual merchandising">Visual merchandising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_design" title="Environmental design">Environmental<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_lighting_design" title="Architectural lighting design">Architectural lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_design" title="Building design">Building design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passive_solar_building_design" title="Passive solar building design">Passive solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_design" title="Environmental impact design">Environmental impact design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design" title="Garden design">Garden design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_garden_design" title="Computer-aided garden design">Computer-aided</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_community_design" title="Healthy community design">Healthy community design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_design" title="Hotel design">Hotel design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experiential_interior_design" title="Experiential interior design">EID</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyline_design" title="Keyline design">Keyline design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_landscape_architecture" title="Sustainable landscape architecture">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">Landscape design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_design" title="Spatial design">Spatial design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Industrial<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_suspension_design_process" title="Automotive suspension design process">Automotive suspension design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMF_design" title="CMF design">CMF design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar_design" title="Electric guitar design">Electric guitar design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_furniture_design" title="Sustainable furniture design">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_design" title="Motorcycle design">Motorcycle design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_and_labeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging and labeling">Packaging and labeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_lens_design" title="Photographic lens design">Photographic lens design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_design" title="Product design">Product design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_design" title="Sensory design">Sensory design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_design" title="Service design">Service design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interaction_design" title="Interaction design">Interaction<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experience_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Experience design">Experience design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employee_experience_design" title="Employee experience design">EED</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">Game design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">Level design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Video game design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon_design" title="Icon design">Icon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_design" title="Immersive design">Immersive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonic_interaction_design" title="Sonic interaction design">Sonic interaction design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_experience_design" title="User experience design">User experience design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /><a href="/wiki/Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">applied arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glass_art" title="Glass art">glass design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costume_design" title="Costume design">Costume design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_design" title="Floral design">Floral design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_art_design" title="Game art design">Game art design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Property designer">Property design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_design" title="Lighting design">Stage/set lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_design" title="Textile design">Textile design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />design<br />& <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithm_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Algorithm design">Algorithm design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">Behavioural design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_design" title="Boiler design">Boiler design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_design" title="Database design">Database design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_design" title="Drug design">Drug design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_system_design" title="Electrical system design">Electrical system design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_of_experiments" title="Design of experiments">Experimental design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_design" title="Filter design">Filter design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_design" title="Geometric design">Geometric design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_design" title="Work design">Work design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit_design" title="Integrated circuit design">Integrated circuit design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_design" title="Circuit design">Circuit design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_design_(electronics)" title="Physical design (electronics)">Physical design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_network_design_(IC)" title="Power network design (IC)">Power network design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design" title="Nuclear weapon design">Nuclear weapon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_design" title="Nucleic acid design">Nucleic acid design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_architecture" title="Organizational architecture">Organization design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_design" title="Process design">Process design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processor_design" title="Processor design">Processor design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_design" title="Protein design">Protein design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_design" title="Research design">Research design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_design" title="Social design">Social design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_design" title="Spacecraft design">Spacecraft design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_design" title="Strategic design">Strategic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_design" title="Systems design">Systems design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Approaches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Approaches</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity-centered_design" title="Activity-centered design">Activity-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_web_design" title="Adaptive web design">Adaptive web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_design" title="Affective design">Affective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainstorming" title="Brainstorming">Brainstorming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_by_committee" title="Design by committee">By committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_by_contract" title="Design by contract">By contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-K_theory" title="C-K theory">C-K theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_closure" title="Design closure">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Co-design</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concept-oriented_design&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concept-oriented design (page does not exist)">Concept-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Configuration_design" title="Configuration design">Configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contextual_design" title="Contextual design">Contextual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_design" title="Continuous design">Continuous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle-to-cradle_design" title="Cradle-to-cradle design">Cradle-to-cradle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_problem-solving" title="Creative problem-solving">Creative problem-solving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_techniques" title="Creativity techniques">Creativity techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">Critical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_fiction" title="Design fiction">Design fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_design" title="Defensive design">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architect-led_design%E2%80%93build" class="mw-redirect" title="Architect-led design–build">architect-led</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_design" title="Diffuse design">Diffuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain-driven_design" title="Domain-driven design">Domain-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_neutral_design" title="Energy neutral design">Energy neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_design_process" title="Engineering design process">Engineering design process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Probabilistic_design" title="Probabilistic design">Probabilistic design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error-tolerant_design" title="Error-tolerant design">Error-tolerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fault-tolerant_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault-tolerant design">Fault-tolerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework-oriented_design" title="Framework-oriented design">Framework-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_assembly" title="Design for assembly">For assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">For behaviour change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_manufacturability" title="Design for manufacturability">For manufacturability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_Six_Sigma" title="Design for Six Sigma">For Six Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_testing" title="Design for testing">For testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_X" title="Design for X">For X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_design" title="Functional design">Functional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_design" title="Generative design">Generative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesign" title="Geodesign">Geodesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-centered_design" title="Human-centered design">HCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-level_design" title="High-level design">High-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_design" title="Inclusive design">Inclusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_design" title="Integrated design">Integrated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_topside_design" title="Integrated topside design">Integrated topside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence-based_design" title="Intelligence-based design">Intelligence-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterative_design" title="Iterative design">Iterative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KISS_principle" title="KISS principle">KISS principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-level_design" title="Low-level design">Low-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadesign" title="Metadesign">Metadesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_map" title="Mind map">Mind mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_design" title="Modular design">Modular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_(design)" title="New Wave (design)">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented design">Object-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-design_movement" title="Open-design movement">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parametric_design" title="Parametric design">Parametric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform-based_design" title="Platform-based design">Platform-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy-based_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy-based design">Policy-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process-centered_design" title="Process-centered design">Process-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_interest_design" title="Public interest design">Public interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_design" title="Rational design">Rational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenerative_design" title="Regenerative design">Regenerative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research-based_design" title="Research-based design">Research-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsibility-driven_design" title="Responsibility-driven design">Responsibility-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">RWD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe-life_design" title="Safe-life design">Safe-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_design" title="Systemic design">Systemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems-oriented_design" title="Systems-oriented design">SOD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableless_web_design" title="Tableless web design">Tableless web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_constraints" title="Theory of constraints">Theory of constraints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-down_and_bottom-up_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-down and bottom-up design">Top-down and bottom-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_design" title="Transformation design">Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgenerational_design" title="Transgenerational design">Transgenerational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIZ" title="TRIZ">TRIZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_design" title="Universal design">Universal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_All_(in_ICT)" title="Design for All (in ICT)">Design for All</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage-centered_design" title="Usage-centered design">Usage-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use-centered_design" title="Use-centered design">Use-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-centered_design" title="User-centered design">User-centered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empathic_design" title="Empathic design">Empathic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_innovation" title="User innovation">User innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value-driven_design" title="Value-driven design">Value-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_sensitive_design" title="Value sensitive design">Value sensitive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_by_design" title="Privacy by design">Privacy by</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Design <a href="/wiki/Design_choice" title="Design choice">choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_computing" title="Design computing">computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_controls" title="Design controls">controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_culture" title="Design culture">culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_flow_(EDA)" title="Design flow (EDA)">flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_leadership" title="Design leadership">leadership</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_marker" title="Design marker">marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_methods" title="Design methods">methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_pattern" title="Design pattern">pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_research" title="Design research">research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_science" title="Design science">science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_sprint" title="Design sprint">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Design strategy">strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_theory" title="Design theory">theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_thinking" title="Design thinking">thinking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ToolsIntellectual_propertyOrganizationsAwards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tools</li><li>Intellectual property</li><li>Organizations</li><li>Awards</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Design_tool" title="Design tool">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithms-Aided_Design" title="Algorithms-Aided Design">AAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_model" title="Architectural model">Architectural model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueprint" title="Blueprint">Blueprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_layout" title="Comprehensive layout">Comprehensive layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_industrial_design" title="Computer-aided industrial design">CAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_home_design_software" title="Virtual home design software">Virtual home design software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-automated_design" title="Computer-automated design">CAutoD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_quality_indicator" title="Design quality indicator">Design quality indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electronic design automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">Flowchart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockup" title="Mockup">Mockup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_specification" title="Design specification">Design specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">Sketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website_wireframe" title="Website wireframe">Website wireframe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual<br />property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_design" title="Community design">Community design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_around" title="Design around">Design around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_infringement" title="Design infringement">Design infringement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_patent" title="Design patent">Design patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright" title="Fashion design copyright">Fashion design copyright</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geschmacksmuster" title="Geschmacksmuster">Geschmacksmuster</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_right" title="Industrial design right">Industrial design rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_rights_in_the_European_Union" title="Industrial design rights in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Graphic_Arts" title="American Institute of Graphic Arts">American Institute of Graphic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Designers" title="Chartered Society of Designers">Chartered Society of Designers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_and_Industries_Association" title="Design and Industries Association">Design and Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Council" title="Design Council">Design Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Forum_Design" title="International Forum Design">International Forum Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Research_Society" title="Design Research Society">Design Research Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Design_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="European Design Award">European Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Design_Award" title="German Design Award">German Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Design_Award_(Museum_of_Modern_Art)" title="Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)">Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Design_Award_(Chicago_Athenaeum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)">Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphex" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphex">Graphex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IF_Product_Design_Award" title="IF Product Design Award">IF Product Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dyson_Award" title="James Dyson Award">James Dyson Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip_Designers_Prize" title="Prince Philip Designers Prize">Prince Philip Designers Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept_art" title="Concept art">Concept art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_design" title="Conceptual design">Conceptual design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_icon" title="Cultural icon">Cultural icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.design" title=".design">.design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_architecture" title="Enterprise architecture">Enterprise architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(design)" title="Form factor (design)">Form factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futures_studies" title="Futures studies">Futures studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_design" title="Indie design">Indie design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_management" title="Innovation management">Innovation management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_startup" title="Lean startup">Lean startup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_product_development" title="New product development">New product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OODA_loop" title="OODA loop">OODA loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_design" title="Philosophy of design">Philosophy of design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_simulation" title="Process simulation">Process simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Slow design">Slow design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEAM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEAM fields">STEAM fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_poor_design" title="Argument from poor design">Unintelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicked_problem" title="Wicked problem">Wicked problem</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Design <a href="/wiki/Design_brief" title="Design brief">brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_change" title="Design change">change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_classic" title="Design classic">classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_competition" title="Design competition">competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_design_competition" title="Architectural design competition">architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_design_competition" title="Student design competition">student</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_director" title="Design director">director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_education" title="Design education">education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_elements" title="Design elements">elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Design firm">firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_history" title="Design history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_knowledge" title="Design knowledge">knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_language" title="Design language">language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_life" title="Design life">life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_load" title="Design load">load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_museum" title="Design museum">museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_paradigm" title="Design paradigm">paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_principles" title="Design principles">principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_rationale" title="Design rationale">rationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_review" title="Design review">review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_specification" title="Design specification">specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_studies" title="Design studies">studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Design studio">studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_technology" title="Design technology">technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Design" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Design"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#002bb8">Commons</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Design" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Design"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#002bb8">Wikibooks</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Design" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Design"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#002bb8">Wikinews</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Design" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Design"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#002bb8">Wikiquote</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Design" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Design"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#002bb8">Wikisource</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Design" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Design"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#002bb8">Wiktionary</span> </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Management" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Management" title="Template:Management"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Management" title="Template talk:Management"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Management" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Management"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Management" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_management" title="Outline of management">Outline of management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_management_articles" title="Index of management articles">Index of management articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">By type<br />of organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_administration" title="Academic administration">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_management" title="Association management">Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">Business</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant_management" title="Restaurant management">Restaurant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Court management">Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_administration" title="Health administration">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_cycle_management" title="Intelligence cycle management">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_administration" title="Military administration">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reputation_management" title="Reputation management">Reputation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">By focus,<br />within an<br />organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On scope</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">Strategic</a><br />(top-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capability_management" title="Capability management">Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_management" title="Capital management">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_management" title="Change management">Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_management" title="Communications management">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_management" title="Financial management">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_management" title="Innovation management">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_legal_management" title="Enterprise legal management">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance management">Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_management" title="Systems management">Systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On component</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facility_management" title="Facility management">Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_management" title="Product management">Product</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Product_lifecycle" title="Product lifecycle">Product lifecycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_management" title="Brand management">Brand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Construction_management" title="Construction management">Construction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_management" title="Program management">Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On activity or<br />department<br />managed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Line_management" title="Line management">Line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_management" title="Marketing management">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_management" title="Operations management">Operations</a>/<a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_process_management" title="Manufacturing process management">production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Process_management_(computing)" title="Process management (computing)">Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_management" title="Quality management">Quality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sales_management" title="Sales management">Sales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Staff_management" title="Staff management">Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Accounting management">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_management" title="Office management">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Records_management" title="Records management">Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On aspect or<br />relationship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customer_relationship_management" title="Customer relationship management">Customer relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_management" title="Engineering management">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception_management" title="Perception management">Perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_management" title="Supply chain management">Supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_management" title="Talent management">Talent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On problem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_management" title="Conflict management">Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_management" title="Crisis management">Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_management" title="Stress management">Stress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Resource_management" title="Resource management">On resource</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_resource_management" title="Environmental resource management">Environmental resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_inventory_management" title="Field inventory management">Field inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_resource_management" title="Human resource management">Human resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_management" title="Information management">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_management" title="Information technology management">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_management" title="Knowledge management">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_management" title="Land management">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materials_management" title="Materials management">Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skills_management" title="Skills management">Skills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_management" title="Technology management">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_management" title="Time management">Time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interim_management" title="Interim management">Interim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_management" title="Middle management">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_management" title="Senior management">Senior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Methods,<br />approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhocracy" title="Adhocracy">Adhocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_method" title="Collaborative method">Collaborative method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_management" title="Distributed management">Distributed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earned_value_management" title="Earned value management">Earned value management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_management" title="Evidence-based management">Evidence-based management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_range_leadership_model" title="Full range leadership model">Full range leadership model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_by_objectives" title="Management by objectives">Management by objectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_style" title="Management style">Management style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macromanagement" title="Macromanagement">Macromanagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micromanagement" title="Micromanagement">Micromanagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship" title="Social entrepreneurship">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_management" title="Sustainable management">Sustainable management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_building" title="Team building">Team building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_management" title="Virtual management">Virtual management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Skills,<br />activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">Decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forecasting" title="Forecasting">Forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">Leadership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Pioneers,<br />scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Drucker" title="Peter Drucker">Peter Drucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_M._Goldratt" title="Eliyahu M. Goldratt">Eliyahu M. Goldratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Technology,_Management,_and_Applied_Engineering" title="Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering">Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_school" title="Business school">Business school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certified_Business_Manager" title="Certified Business Manager">Certified Business Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Management_Institute" title="Chartered Management Institute">Chartered Management Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_management_studies" title="Critical management studies">Critical management studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Degrees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Business_Administration" title="Bachelor of Business Administration">Bachelor of Business Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhD_in_management" title="PhD in management">PhD in management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Business_Administration" title="Doctor of Business Administration">Doctor of Business Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration" title="Collaboration">Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_governance" title="Corporate governance">Corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_compensation" title="Executive compensation">Executive compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_consulting" title="Management consulting">Management consulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_(management)" title="Control (management)">Management control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_cybernetics" title="Management cybernetics">Management cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_development" title="Management development">Management development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_fad" title="Management fad">Management fad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_system" title="Management system">Management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_economics" title="Managerial economics">Managerial economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_psychology" title="Managerial psychology">Managerial psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerialism" title="Managerialism">Managerialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_development" title="Organization development">Organization development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_behavior_management" title="Organizational behavior management">Organizational behavior management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointy-haired_Boss" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointy-haired Boss">Pointy-haired Boss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Systems_science" title="Portal:Systems science">Systems science portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Design_management&oldid=1246374020">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Design_management&oldid=1246374020</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Management_by_type" title="Category:Management by type">Management by type</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Innovation" title="Category:Innovation">Innovation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Urban_design" title="Category:Urban design">Urban design</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Design" title="Category:Design">Design</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_November_2018" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2018">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_August_2011" title="Category:Use British English from August 2011">Use British English from August 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2011" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 September 2024, at 15:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Design_management&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-mcz5d","wgBackendResponseTime":145,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.257","walltime":"1.910","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8227,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":298505,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8136,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":428951,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1319.427 1 -total"," 51.22% 675.846 2 Template:Reflist"," 24.45% 322.560 54 Template:Cite_book"," 10.32% 136.214 29 Template:Cite_journal"," 9.28% 122.420 1 Template:Design"," 9.16% 120.888 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.07% 119.647 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 4.79% 63.168 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.40% 58.111 13 Template:Cite_conference"," 4.02% 53.057 3 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.696","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7096110,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-v4fzm","timestamp":"20241122143604","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Design management","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Design_management","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1064289","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1064289","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-12-29T04:32:44Z","dateModified":"2024-09-18T15:26:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b5\/Design_Management_in_brief.jpg","headline":"field of inquiry that uses project management, design, strategy, and supply chain techniques to control a project"}</script> </body> </html>