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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Design fiction</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="/wiki/Climate_change_scenario" title="Climate change scenario">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_space_exploration" title="Future of space exploration">Space exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe" title="Ultimate fate of the universe">Universe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_materialism" title="Historical materialism">Historical materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondratiev_wave" title="Kondratiev wave">Kondratiev wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardashev_scale" title="Kardashev scale">Kardashev scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_law" title="Moore's law">Moore's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil">Peak oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_cycle" title="Population cycle">Population cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Singularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanson%27s_law" title="Swanson's law">Swanson's law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Futures_techniques" title="Futures techniques">Techniques</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backcasting" title="Backcasting">Backcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causal_layered_analysis" title="Causal layered analysis">Causal layered analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain-linked_model" title="Chain-linked model">Chain-linked model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_forecast" title="Consensus forecast">Consensus forecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_impact_analysis" title="Cross impact analysis">Cross impact analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi_method" title="Delphi method">Delphi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Delphi" title="Real-time Delphi">Real-time Delphi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foresight_(futures_studies)" title="Foresight (futures studies)">Foresight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future-proof" title="Future-proof">Future-proof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futures_wheel" title="Futures wheel">Futures wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_workshop" title="Future workshop">Future workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizon_scanning" title="Horizon scanning">Horizon scanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_class_forecasting" title="Reference class forecasting">Reference class forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenario_planning" title="Scenario planning">Scenario planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_analysis" title="Systems analysis">Systems analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threatcasting" title="Threatcasting">Threatcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_analysis" title="Trend analysis">Trend analysis</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;"> Technology <a href="/wiki/Technology_assessment" title="Technology assessment">assessment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technology_forecasting" title="Technology forecasting">forecasting</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">Critical design</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Design fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploratory_engineering" title="Exploratory engineering">Exploratory engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future-oriented_technology_analysis" title="Future-oriented technology analysis">FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gartner_hype_cycle" title="Gartner hype cycle">Hype cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_prototyping" title="Science fiction prototyping">Science fiction prototyping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_design" title="Speculative design">Speculative design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_readiness_level" title="Technology readiness level">TRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_scouting" title="Technology scouting">Technology scouting</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futarchy" title="Futarchy">Futarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Futures_studies" title="Template:Futures studies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Futures_studies" title="Template talk:Futures studies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Futures_studies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Futures studies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Design fiction</b> is a design practice aiming at exploring and criticising possible futures<sup id="cite_ref-:6_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by creating speculative, and often provocative, <a href="/wiki/Scenario_planning" title="Scenario planning">scenarios</a> narrated through designed artifacts. It is a way to facilitate and foster debates, as explained by futurist <a href="/wiki/Scott_Smith_(futurist)" title="Scott Smith (futurist)">Scott Smith</a>: "... design fiction as a communication and social object creates interactions and dialogues around futures that were missing before. It helps make it real enough for people that you can have a meaningful conversation with".<sup id="cite_ref-:7_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By inspiring new imaginaries about the future, Design Fiction moves forward innovation perspectives, as conveyed by author <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sterling" title="Bruce Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a>'s own definition: "Design Fiction is the deliberate use of <a href="/wiki/Diegesis" title="Diegesis">diegetic</a> prototypes to suspend disbelief about change".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reflecting the diversity of media used to create design fictions and the breadth of concepts that are prototyped in the associated fictional worlds, researchers Joseph Lindley and Paul Coulton propose that design fiction be defined as: "(1) something that creates a story world, (2) has something being prototyped within that story world, (3) does so in order to create a discursive space", where 'something' may mean 'anything'.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of the media used to create design fiction storyworlds include physical prototypes,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prototypes of user manuals,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> digital applications,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> videos,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> short stories,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comics,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fictional crowdfunding videos,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fictional documentaries,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> catalogues<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or newspapers<sup id="cite_ref-:8_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pastiches of academic papers and abstracts.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_fiction&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Design fiction is part of the <a href="/wiki/Speculative_design" title="Speculative design">speculative design</a> discipline, itself a relative of <a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">critical design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the term design fiction was coined by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sterling" title="Bruce Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a> in 2005, where he says it is similar to science fiction but "makes more sense on the page",<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was <a href="/wiki/Julian_Bleecker" title="Julian Bleecker">Julian Bleecker</a>'s 2009 essay<sup id="cite_ref-:9_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that firmly established the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bleecker brought together Sterling's original idea and combined it with <a href="/wiki/David_A._Kirby" title="David A. Kirby">David A. Kirby</a>'s notion of the diegetic prototype<sup id="cite_ref-:10_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a paper written by influential researchers <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dourish" title="Paul Dourish">Paul Dourish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Bell" title="Genevieve Bell">Genevieve Bell</a> which argued reading <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing" title="Ubiquitous computing">Ubiquitous Computing</a> research would shed further light on both areas.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Bleecker's essay was published design fiction has become increasingly popular as demonstrated by the adoption of design fiction in a wide variety of academic research.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_fiction&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although design fiction shows a lot of overlaps with other Discursive Design<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> practices such as <a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">critical design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adversarial_Design" title="Adversarial Design">Adversarial Design</a>, Interrogative Design,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Design for Debate,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reflective design,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and contestational design,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is possible to draw some of its special features. </p><p>Design fiction draws its inspiration from weak signals of our everyday lives, such as innovations in new technologies or new cultural trends, and use extrapolation to build disruptive visions of society. Through challenging the status quo, this practice aims at making ourselves question our current uses, norms, ethics or values, whether leading innovation, or consuming it at the other end of the line. </p><p>Design fictions tend to stand aside from manichaean utopian/dystopian depictions, and rather dig into more ambiguous grey areas of the explored subjects. As explained by Fabien Girardin, co-founder of The Near Future Laboratory: "Design Fiction doesn't so much 'predict' the future. It is a way to consider the future differently; a way to tell stories about alternatives and unexpected trajectories; a way to discuss a different kind of future than the typical bifurcation into utopian and dystopian".<sup id="cite_ref-:11_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Design fictions focus on the everyday, exploring and questioning interactions between people or <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">HCI</a>, habits, social behaviors, casual failures or rituals. Fabien Girardin on this point: "To contrast with other similar design approaches, we think Design Fiction is a bit different from critical design, which is a bit more abstract and theoretical compared to our own interest in design happening outside of galleries or museums. Design Fiction is about exploring a future mundane".<sup id="cite_ref-:11_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another approach to design fiction is through <a href="/wiki/Live_action_role-playing_game" title="Live action role-playing game">live action role-playing games</a> (larps). Malthe Stavning Erslev argues that the research larp <a href="/wiki/Civilization%27s_Waiting_Room" title="Civilization's Waiting Room">Civilisation's Waiting Room</a>, which explores a future society run by an AI, is a form of design fiction using what he calls a mimetic method that is "making the technology appear" in "deeply embodied, ephemeral encounters of enactment".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent pop culture, design fiction might be bonded to the <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Mirror" title="Black Mirror">Black Mirror</a></i> anticipation series, each episode portraying a disturbing alternative present or near future where characters have to deal with the unexpected consequences of emerging technologies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methodology_and_process">Methodology and process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_fiction&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Methodology and process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Design fiction is an open and evolving practice, demonstrating a variety of approaches from designers and studios. However it is possible to draw some common lines: </p> <ul><li><b>"What if?" questions</b></li></ul> <p>Design fictions often rely on a question: "What if?", creating a provocative framework for speculation from the start. This questioning format stimulates the exploration of tensions and sticking points, leading to the construction of the new fictional universe, in an alternative present or near future, which includes a new set of morals and values: "The New Normal".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Diegetic prototypes</b></li></ul> <p>The speculative scenario and the fictional world in which it takes place are made tangible thanks to design tools and methods, to conceive what David A. Kirby was the first to call "diegetic prototypes".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term diegetic stands for their narrative attribute, made to be self-explanatory of the world they come from. At the same time, they purposely leave narrative spaces for the viewer's imagination to fill in: they "tell worlds rather than stories".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As explained by Julian Bleecker: "Design fiction objects are totems through which a larger story can be told, or imagined or expressed. They are like artifacts from someplace else, telling stories about other worlds".<sup id="cite_ref-:9_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These prototypes are effective entry points into complex topics subject to socio-technological controversies such as digital technologies, <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing" title="Ubiquitous computing">ubiquitous computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_biology" title="Synthetic biology">synthetic biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">transhumanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a> or <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithms</a>. They "help make things visceral and real enough to jump to discussions and get to decisions".<sup id="cite_ref-:7_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Discussion and debate generation</b></li></ul> <p>Design fictions are meant to be displayed in order to create a space for discussion and debate. They can be exposed in various contexts depending on the targeted audiences: online – video platforms, social media, dedicated websites,... – or offline – galleries or museums,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> convenient stores,<sup id="cite_ref-:12_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forums,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ... – unveiling or not their fictional nature. In 2013, the project 99¢ FUTURES<sup id="cite_ref-:12_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> driven by the Extrapolation Factory studio showed that provoked discussions and debates could happen successfully in non-institutional places, such as a convenient store: they shelved artefacts – previously imagined and conceived during a workshop - among "real" current consumption objects. Customers passing by started to discuss about these pieces of futures, even purchasing the one they liked the most for a few dollars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application_scope">Application scope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_fiction&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Application scope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Public policy-making</b></li></ul> <p>Design Fiction is a helpful tool used to discuss and move forward public policy-making processes. In 2015, ProtoPolicy, a co-design project led by the Design Friction studio, <a href="/wiki/Associate_Parliamentary_Design_and_Innovation_Group" title="Associate Parliamentary Design and Innovation Group">All-Party Parliamentary Design and Innovation Group</a> (APDIG) and <a href="/wiki/Age_UK" title="Age UK">Age UK</a> aimed at building a shared understanding of the constraints and opportunities of political issues around <a href="/wiki/Aging_in_place" title="Aging in place">Ageing in Place</a> and loneliness through design fictions.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of creative workshops involving older people communities led to the conception of "Soulaje", a provocative self-administered euthanasia wearable designed to start discussion around the taboo issues of death and freedom of choice. A second scenario staged "The Smart Home Therapist", a new kind of therapist who, through human psychology and artificial intelligence expertise, facilitates and improves older people's relationship with their smart homes and eases their access to personalized domestic products and services.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Innovative companies</b></li></ul> <p>Design fiction can be a powerful tool for companies showing prospective approaches or interests within changing or emerging industries. It can be used to help inspiring new imaginaries about the future, collecting insights and qualitative data that will help to formulate strategic directions and decisions, anticipating risks, social and cultural obstacles, enabling discussion between stakeholders, involving internal teams and external audiences in future orientations, bringing out unexpected feedbacks, frictions, misuses, misappropriations or reappropriations of new technologies and highlight their multiple impacts on potential users and more broadly speaking on the society. </p><p>The Near Future Laboratory on its approach of design fiction towards companies: "Design Fiction is one approach among others, but its contribution focus on the near future and is tangible. For instance, instead of participating to workshops of multidisciplinary experts with a powerpoint filled with ideas for a technology, we propose to create the user manual for the envisioned product or produce a video that showcases how an employee appropriates the technologies with its features and limitations. These artifacts are meant to materialize changes, opportunities and implication in the use of technologies. They particularly point out details in situations of use with the objective to avoid a "general discussion". ... For our clients a successful Design Fiction means that they can feel, touch and understand near future opportunities and with convincing material of potential changes of their customers, markets, technologies, or competition." </p> <ul><li><b>General public</b></li></ul> <p>Design fiction gets closer to activism when it comes to raising the awareness of the general public on emerging social, legal, political or economic issues. Oniria is a project developed by A Parede studio in 2016 in reaction to the Statute of the Unborn, a Brazilian law project settling the beginning of life at the stage of egg fertilisation, therefore prohibiting the Morning-After Pill in a country where abortion is already illegal under most circumstances. As a critique, designers imagined a scenario in which a company launches a contraceptive technology in line with this new measure. People were invited to share their own visions through various social media platforms on how their life would be affected and how they would bond to this new device in their everyday life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_fiction&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themanualofdesignfiction.com"><i>The Manual of Design Fiction</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Julian_Bleecker" title="Julian Bleecker">Julian Bleecker</a>, Nick Foster, Fabien Girardin, and Nicolas Nova, 2022</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/speculative-everything"><i>Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction and Social Dreaming</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Dunne" title="Anthony Dunne">Dunne and Raby</a>, MIT Press, 2013</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ad.2015.85.issue-4/issuetoc">2050: "Designing our Tomorrow"</a>, <i>Architectural Design</i>, Volume 85, Issue 4, July/August 2015. Edited by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.driversofchange.com/about/team/chris-luebkeman/">Chris Luebkeman</a> with contributions from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timmaughanbooks.com/">Tim Maughan</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofsound.com/">Dan Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liam_Young" title="Liam Young">Liam Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Joachim" title="Mitchell Joachim">Mitchell Joachim</a>, et al.</li> <li><i>Ecotopia 2121: Visions of Our Future Green Utopia--in 100 Cities</i>, written and illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Marshall_(New_Zealand_author)" title="Alan Marshall (New Zealand author)">Alan Marshall</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62872-600-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62872-600-8">978-1-62872-600-8</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an outcome of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecotopia2121.com/100-cities">Ecotopia 2121 Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drbfw5wfjlxon.cloudfront.net/writing/DesignFiction_WebEdition.pdf">"Design Fiction", A short essay on design, science fact and fiction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171004021016/http://drbfw5wfjlxon.cloudfront.net/writing/DesignFiction_WebEdition.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-10-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Julian_Bleecker" title="Julian Bleecker">Julian Bleecker</a>, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.petrashub.org/the-little-book-of-design-fiction-for-the-internet-of-things/#">Little Book of Design Fiction for the Internet of Things</a> by Paul Coulton, Joe lindley, and Rachel Cooper, 2018</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_fiction&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">Critical design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_making" title="Critical making">Critical making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">Dystopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenario_(computing)" title="Scenario (computing)">Scenario-based design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_prototyping" title="Science fiction prototyping">Science fiction prototyping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_design" title="Speculative design">Speculative design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Design_fiction&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:6-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunneRaby2013" class="citation book cs1">Dunne, Anthony; Raby, Fiona 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"Pushing the Limits of Design Fiction". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/78122/1/Pushing_DF_to_the_limit_rebuttal_edits_version_6_1_16_W97_.pdf"><i>Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. CHI '16. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 4032–4043. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2858036.2858446">10.1145/2858036.2858446</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781450333627" title="Special:BookSources/9781450333627"><bdi>9781450333627</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13454930">13454930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pushing+the+Limits+of+Design+Fiction&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+2016+CHI+Conference+on+Human+Factors+in+Computing+Systems&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY%2C+USA&rft.series=CHI+%2716&rft.pages=4032-4043&rft.pub=ACM&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13454930%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F2858036.2858446&rft.isbn=9781450333627&rft.aulast=Lindley&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Coulton%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.lancs.ac.uk%2F78122%2F1%2FPushing_DF_to_the_limit_rebuttal_edits_version_6_1_16_W97_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlytheBuie2014" class="citation book cs1">Blythe, Mark; Buie, Elizabeth (2014-01-01). "Chatbots of the gods". <i>Proceedings of the 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Fun, Fast, Foundational</i>. NordiCHI '14. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 227–236. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2639189.2641212">10.1145/2639189.2641212</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781450325424" title="Special:BookSources/9781450325424"><bdi>9781450325424</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21724519">21724519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chatbots+of+the+gods&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+8th+Nordic+Conference+on+Human-Computer+Interaction%3A+Fun%2C+Fast%2C+Foundational&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY%2C+USA&rft.series=NordiCHI+%2714&rft.pages=227-236&rft.pub=ACM&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21724519%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F2639189.2641212&rft.isbn=9781450325424&rft.aulast=Blythe&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Buie%2C+Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlythe2014" class="citation book cs1">Blythe, Mark (2014-01-01). "Research through design fiction". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/18320/1/Blythe%20-%20Research%20Through%20Design%20Fiction.docx"><i>Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</i></a>. CHI '14. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 703–712. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2556288.2557098">10.1145/2556288.2557098</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781450324731" title="Special:BookSources/9781450324731"><bdi>9781450324731</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207210135">207210135</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Research+through+design+fiction&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+SIGCHI+Conference+on+Human+Factors+in+Computing+Systems&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY%2C+USA&rft.series=CHI+%2714&rft.pages=703-712&rft.pub=ACM&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207210135%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F2556288.2557098&rft.isbn=9781450324731&rft.aulast=Blythe&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnrl.northumbria.ac.uk%2F18320%2F1%2FBlythe%2520-%2520Research%2520Through%2520Design%2520Fiction.docx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterling2005" class="citation book cs1">Sterling, Bruce (2005). <i>Shaping Things</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Design+Fiction%3A+A+short+essay+on+design%2C+science%2C+fact+and+fiction.&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Bleecker&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrbfw5wfjlxon.cloudfront.net%2Fwriting%2FDesignFiction_WebEdition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kirby, David (2010-02-01). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Peer-Reviewed+Journal+About&rft.atitle=A+Mimetic+Method%3A+Rendering+Artificial+Intelligence+Imaginaries+through+Enactment&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=34-49&rft.date=2022-10-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7146%2Faprja.v11i1.134305&rft.issn=2245-7755&rft.aulast=Erslev&rft.aufirst=Malthe+Stavning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faprja.net%2F%2Farticle%2Fview%2F134305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJain2013" class="citation web cs1">Jain, Anab (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://superflux.in/index.php/work/design-new-normal/#">"DESIGN FOR THE NEW NORMAL"</a>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Sci-Fi+Writer+Bruce+Sterling+Explains+the+Intriguing+New+Concept+of+Design+Fiction&rft.date=2012-03&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=Torie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fblogs%2Ffuture_tense%2F2012%2F03%2F02%2Fbruce_sterling_on_design_fictions_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExtrapolation_Factory2013" class="citation web cs1">Extrapolation Factory (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.extrapolationfactory.com/99-FUTURES">"99¢ FUTURES"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=99%C2%A2+FUTURES&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Extrapolation+Factory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.extrapolationfactory.com%2F99-FUTURES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNear_Future_Laboratory2012" class="citation web cs1">Near Future Laboratory (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924155946/http://nearfuturelaboratory.com/projects/corner-convenience/">"Corner Convenience"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nearfuturelaboratory.com/projects/corner-convenience/">the original</a> on 2017-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corner+Convenience&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Near+Future+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnearfuturelaboratory.com%2Fprojects%2Fcorner-convenience%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuperflux2016" class="citation web cs1">Superflux (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://superflux.in/index.php/work/muto/">"MUTO LABS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MUTO+LABS&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Superflux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsuperflux.in%2Findex.php%2Fwork%2Fmuto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181110152331/http://imagination.lancs.ac.uk/activities/ProtoPolicy">"ProtoPolicy"</a>. <i>Imagination Lancaster</i>. 2016-05-16. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imagination+Lancaster&rft.atitle=ProtoPolicy&rft.date=2016-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimagination.lancs.ac.uk%2Factivities%2FProtoPolicy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesign_Friction2015" class="citation web cs1">Design Friction (3 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpSM00j9c2I">"Smart Object Therapist Video"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Smart+Object+Therapist+Video&rft.date=2015-07-03&rft.au=Design+Friction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DCpSM00j9c2I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesign+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-62872-600-8"><i>Ecotopia 2121</i> book review</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Critical_theory" title="Template:Critical theory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Critical_theory" title="Template talk:Critical theory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Critical_theory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Critical theory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Critical_theory" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freudo-Marxism" title="Freudo-Marxism">Freudo-Marxism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_critical_theory" title="Outline of critical theory">Outline of critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructivism" title="Reconstructivism">Reconstructivism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archetypal_literary_criticism" title="Archetypal literary criticism">Archetypal literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">Deconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_historicism" title="New historicism">New historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocriticism" title="Technocriticism">Technocriticism</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Critical_..." scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dbf9aa; font-weight:normal;">Critical ...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_animal_studies" title="Critical animal studies">animal studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_applied_linguistics" title="Critical applied linguistics">applied linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_cartography" title="Critical cartography">cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_consciousness" title="Critical consciousness">consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_criminology" title="Critical criminology">criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_data_studies" title="Critical data studies">data studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_discourse_analysis" title="Critical discourse analysis">discourse analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_ethnography" title="Critical ethnography">ethnography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_theory" title="Queer theory">queer theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_geography" title="Critical geography">geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_geopolitics" title="Critical geopolitics">geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_historiography" title="Critical historiography">historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_international_relations_theory" title="Critical international relations theory">international relations theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_language_awareness" title="Critical language awareness">language awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_legal_studies" title="Critical legal studies">legal studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_management_studies" title="Critical management studies">management studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_medical_anthropology" title="Critical medical anthropology">medical anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_pedagogy" title="Critical pedagogy">pedagogy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_university_studies" title="Critical university studies">university studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_practice" title="Critical practice">practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_psychiatry" class="mw-redirect" title="Critical psychiatry">psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_psychology" title="Critical psychology">psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_race_theory" title="Critical race theory">race theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_regionalism" title="Critical regionalism">regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_security_studies" title="Critical security studies">security studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory#Postmodern_critical_social_theory" title="Critical theory">social theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_social_work" title="Critical social work">social work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_technical_practice" title="Critical technical practice">technical practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_terrorism_studies" title="Critical terrorism studies">terrorism studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Horkheimer" title="Max Horkheimer">Max Horkheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Erich Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Pollock" title="Friedrich Pollock">Friedrich Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_L%C3%B6wenthal" title="Leo Löwenthal">Leo Löwenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Schmidt_(philosopher)" title="Alfred Schmidt (philosopher)">Alfred Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Honneth" title="Axel Honneth">Axel Honneth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Kracauer" title="Siegfried Kracauer">Siegfried Kracauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Kirchheimer" title="Otto Kirchheimer">Otto Kirchheimer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_opposition" title="Binary opposition">Binary opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanent_critique" title="Immanent critique">Immanent critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics_of_suspicion" title="Hermeneutics of suspicion">Hermeneutics of suspicion</a></li> <li>Critical realism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_realism_(philosophy_of_perception)" title="Critical realism (philosophy of perception)">perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_realism_(philosophy_of_the_social_sciences)" title="Critical realism (philosophy of the social sciences)">social sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_critical_realism" title="Theological critical realism">Theological</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_rationalism" title="Critical rationalism">Critical rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_controversies_around_critical_race_theory" title="2020s controversies around critical race theory">2020s controversies around critical race theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phallogocentrism" title="Phallogocentrism">Phallogocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privilege_(social_inequality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privilege (social inequality)">Privilege (social inequality)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Design" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Design" title="Template:Design"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Design" title="Template talk:Design"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Design" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Design"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Design" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_design" title="Outline of design">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer" title="Designer">Designer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disciplines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disciplines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_design" title="Communication design">Communication<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Brand design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibit_design" title="Exhibit design">Exhibit design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_title_design" title="Film title design">Film title design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_graphic_design" title="Motion graphic design">Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp_design" title="Postage stamp design">Postage stamp design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_design" title="Print design">Print design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructional_design" title="Instructional design">Instructional design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_design" title="News design">News design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_design" title="Retail design">Retail design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signage" title="Signage">Signage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign_design" title="Traffic sign design">Traffic sign design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> / <a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_design" title="Video design">Video design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_merchandising" title="Visual merchandising">Visual merchandising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_design" title="Environmental design">Environmental<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_lighting_design" title="Architectural lighting design">Architectural lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_design" title="Building design">Building design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passive_solar_building_design" title="Passive solar building design">Passive solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_design" title="Environmental impact design">Environmental impact design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design" title="Garden design">Garden design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_garden_design" title="Computer-aided garden design">Computer-aided</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_community_design" title="Healthy community design">Healthy community design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_design" title="Hotel design">Hotel design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experiential_interior_design" title="Experiential interior design">EID</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyline_design" title="Keyline design">Keyline design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_landscape_architecture" title="Sustainable landscape architecture">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">Landscape design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_design" title="Spatial design">Spatial design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Industrial<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_suspension_design_process" title="Automotive suspension design process">Automotive suspension design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMF_design" title="CMF design">CMF design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar_design" title="Electric guitar design">Electric guitar design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_furniture_design" title="Sustainable furniture design">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_design" title="Motorcycle design">Motorcycle design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_and_labeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging and labeling">Packaging and labeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_lens_design" title="Photographic lens design">Photographic lens design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_design" title="Product design">Product design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_design" title="Sensory design">Sensory design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_design" title="Service design">Service design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interaction_design" title="Interaction design">Interaction<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experience_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Experience design">Experience design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employee_experience_design" title="Employee experience design">EED</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">Game design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">Level design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Video game design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon_design" title="Icon design">Icon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_design" title="Immersive design">Immersive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonic_interaction_design" title="Sonic interaction design">Sonic interaction design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_experience_design" title="User experience design">User experience design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /><a href="/wiki/Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">applied arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glass_art" title="Glass art">glass design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costume_design" title="Costume design">Costume design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_design" title="Floral design">Floral design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_art_design" title="Game art design">Game art design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Property designer">Property design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_design" title="Lighting design">Stage/set lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_design" title="Textile design">Textile design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />design<br />& <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithm_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Algorithm design">Algorithm design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">Behavioural design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_design" title="Boiler design">Boiler design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_design" title="Database design">Database design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_design" title="Drug design">Drug design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_system_design" title="Electrical system design">Electrical system design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_of_experiments" title="Design of experiments">Experimental design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_design" title="Filter design">Filter design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_design" title="Geometric design">Geometric design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_design" title="Work design">Work design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit_design" title="Integrated circuit design">Integrated circuit design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_design" title="Circuit design">Circuit design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_design_(electronics)" title="Physical design (electronics)">Physical design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_network_design_(IC)" title="Power network design (IC)">Power network design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design" title="Nuclear weapon design">Nuclear weapon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_design" title="Nucleic acid design">Nucleic acid design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_architecture" title="Organizational architecture">Organization design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_design" title="Process design">Process design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processor_design" title="Processor design">Processor design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_design" title="Protein design">Protein design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_design" title="Research design">Research design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_design" title="Social design">Social design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_design" title="Spacecraft design">Spacecraft design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_design" title="Strategic design">Strategic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_design" title="Systems design">Systems design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Approaches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Approaches</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity-centered_design" title="Activity-centered design">Activity-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_web_design" title="Adaptive web design">Adaptive web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_design" title="Affective design">Affective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainstorming" title="Brainstorming">Brainstorming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_by_committee" title="Design by committee">By committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_by_contract" title="Design by contract">By contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-K_theory" title="C-K theory">C-K theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_closure" title="Design closure">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Co-design</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concept-oriented_design&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concept-oriented design (page does not exist)">Concept-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Configuration_design" title="Configuration design">Configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contextual_design" title="Contextual design">Contextual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_design" title="Continuous design">Continuous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle-to-cradle_design" title="Cradle-to-cradle design">Cradle-to-cradle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_problem-solving" title="Creative problem-solving">Creative problem-solving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_techniques" title="Creativity techniques">Creativity techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">Critical</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Design fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_design" title="Defensive design">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architect-led_design%E2%80%93build" class="mw-redirect" title="Architect-led design–build">architect-led</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_design" title="Diffuse design">Diffuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain-driven_design" title="Domain-driven design">Domain-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_neutral_design" title="Energy neutral design">Energy neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_design_process" title="Engineering design process">Engineering design process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Probabilistic_design" title="Probabilistic design">Probabilistic design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error-tolerant_design" title="Error-tolerant design">Error-tolerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fault-tolerant_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault-tolerant design">Fault-tolerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework-oriented_design" title="Framework-oriented design">Framework-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_assembly" title="Design for assembly">For assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">For behaviour change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_manufacturability" title="Design for manufacturability">For manufacturability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_Six_Sigma" title="Design for Six Sigma">For Six Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_testing" title="Design for testing">For testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_X" title="Design for X">For X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_design" title="Functional design">Functional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_design" title="Generative design">Generative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesign" title="Geodesign">Geodesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-centered_design" title="Human-centered design">HCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-level_design" title="High-level design">High-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_design" title="Inclusive design">Inclusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_design" title="Integrated design">Integrated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_topside_design" title="Integrated topside design">Integrated topside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence-based_design" title="Intelligence-based design">Intelligence-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterative_design" title="Iterative design">Iterative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KISS_principle" title="KISS principle">KISS principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-level_design" title="Low-level design">Low-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadesign" title="Metadesign">Metadesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_map" title="Mind map">Mind mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_design" title="Modular design">Modular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_(design)" title="New Wave (design)">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented design">Object-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-design_movement" title="Open-design movement">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parametric_design" title="Parametric design">Parametric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform-based_design" title="Platform-based design">Platform-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy-based_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy-based design">Policy-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process-centered_design" title="Process-centered design">Process-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_interest_design" title="Public interest design">Public interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_design" title="Rational design">Rational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenerative_design" title="Regenerative design">Regenerative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research-based_design" title="Research-based design">Research-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsibility-driven_design" title="Responsibility-driven design">Responsibility-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">RWD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe-life_design" title="Safe-life design">Safe-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_design" title="Systemic design">Systemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems-oriented_design" title="Systems-oriented design">SOD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableless_web_design" title="Tableless web design">Tableless web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_constraints" title="Theory of constraints">Theory of constraints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-down_and_bottom-up_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-down and bottom-up design">Top-down and bottom-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_design" title="Transformation design">Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgenerational_design" title="Transgenerational design">Transgenerational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIZ" title="TRIZ">TRIZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_design" title="Universal design">Universal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_All_(in_ICT)" title="Design for All (in ICT)">Design for All</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage-centered_design" title="Usage-centered design">Usage-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use-centered_design" title="Use-centered design">Use-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-centered_design" title="User-centered design">User-centered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empathic_design" title="Empathic design">Empathic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_innovation" title="User innovation">User innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value-driven_design" title="Value-driven design">Value-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_sensitive_design" title="Value sensitive design">Value sensitive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_by_design" title="Privacy by design">Privacy by</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Design <a href="/wiki/Design_choice" title="Design choice">choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_computing" title="Design computing">computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_controls" title="Design controls">controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_culture" title="Design culture">culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_flow_(EDA)" title="Design flow (EDA)">flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_leadership" title="Design leadership">leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_management" title="Design management">management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_marker" title="Design marker">marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_methods" title="Design methods">methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_pattern" title="Design pattern">pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_research" title="Design research">research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_science" title="Design science">science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_sprint" title="Design sprint">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Design strategy">strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_theory" title="Design theory">theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_thinking" title="Design thinking">thinking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ToolsIntellectual_propertyOrganizationsAwards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tools</li><li>Intellectual property</li><li>Organizations</li><li>Awards</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Design_tool" title="Design tool">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithms-Aided_Design" title="Algorithms-Aided Design">AAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_model" title="Architectural model">Architectural model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueprint" title="Blueprint">Blueprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_layout" title="Comprehensive layout">Comprehensive layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_industrial_design" title="Computer-aided industrial design">CAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_home_design_software" title="Virtual home design software">Virtual home design software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-automated_design" title="Computer-automated design">CAutoD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_quality_indicator" title="Design quality indicator">Design quality indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electronic design automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">Flowchart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockup" title="Mockup">Mockup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_specification" title="Design specification">Design specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">Sketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website_wireframe" title="Website wireframe">Website wireframe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual<br />property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_design" title="Community design">Community design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_around" title="Design around">Design around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_infringement" title="Design infringement">Design infringement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_patent" title="Design patent">Design patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright" title="Fashion design copyright">Fashion design copyright</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geschmacksmuster" title="Geschmacksmuster">Geschmacksmuster</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_right" title="Industrial design right">Industrial design rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_rights_in_the_European_Union" title="Industrial design rights in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Graphic_Arts" title="American Institute of Graphic Arts">American Institute of Graphic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Designers" title="Chartered Society of Designers">Chartered Society of Designers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_and_Industries_Association" title="Design and Industries Association">Design and Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Council" title="Design Council">Design Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Forum_Design" title="International Forum Design">International Forum Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Research_Society" title="Design Research Society">Design Research Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Design_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="European Design Award">European Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Design_Award" title="German Design Award">German Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Design_Award_(Museum_of_Modern_Art)" title="Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)">Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Design_Award_(Chicago_Athenaeum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)">Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphex" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphex">Graphex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IF_Product_Design_Award" title="IF Product Design Award">IF Product Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dyson_Award" title="James Dyson Award">James Dyson Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip_Designers_Prize" title="Prince Philip Designers Prize">Prince Philip Designers Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept_art" title="Concept art">Concept art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_design" title="Conceptual design">Conceptual design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_icon" title="Cultural icon">Cultural icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.design" title=".design">.design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_architecture" title="Enterprise architecture">Enterprise architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(design)" title="Form factor (design)">Form factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futures_studies" title="Futures studies">Futures studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_design" title="Indie design">Indie design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_management" title="Innovation management">Innovation management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_startup" title="Lean startup">Lean startup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_product_development" title="New product development">New product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OODA_loop" title="OODA loop">OODA loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_design" title="Philosophy of design">Philosophy of design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_simulation" title="Process simulation">Process simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Slow design">Slow design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEAM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEAM fields">STEAM fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_poor_design" title="Argument from poor design">Unintelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicked_problem" title="Wicked problem">Wicked problem</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Design <a href="/wiki/Design_brief" title="Design brief">brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_change" title="Design change">change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_classic" title="Design classic">classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_competition" title="Design competition">competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_design_competition" title="Architectural design competition">architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_design_competition" title="Student design competition">student</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_director" title="Design director">director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_education" title="Design education">education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_elements" title="Design elements">elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Design firm">firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_history" title="Design history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_knowledge" title="Design knowledge">knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_language" title="Design language">language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_life" title="Design life">life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_load" title="Design load">load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_museum" title="Design museum">museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_paradigm" title="Design paradigm">paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_principles" title="Design principles">principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_rationale" title="Design rationale">rationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_review" title="Design review">review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_specification" title="Design specification">specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_studies" title="Design studies">studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Design studio">studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_technology" title="Design technology">technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td 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