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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">The Persian Gulf</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">15,591 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>The Persian Gulf</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/The_Persian_Gulf">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30359761" data-work_id="30359761" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30359761/The_Evolution_of_Iranian_Cyber_Warfare">The Evolution of Iranian Cyber Warfare</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Paper on evolution of Iran's cyber warfare capabilities, institutions; key attacks on the United States and allies; security implications for the US.<br /><br />Written for Dynamics of Cyber Conflict course at Columbia SIPA</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30359761" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2c30ec6e5c117224cee14a0a6636a5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50812424,"asset_id":30359761,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50812424/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57402027" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanDisegi">Jonathan Disegi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57402027" type="text/json">{"id":57402027,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Disegi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JonathanDisegi","display_name":"Jonathan Disegi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanDisegi?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57402027/15063684/15785353/s65_jonathan.disegi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30359761 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30359761"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30359761, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30359761", }); 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Research on Documents. Corpus 1: Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo Part 2: Volumes 1-10. Transcription, English Translation, Arabic Translation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Portugal in the Sea of Oman - Religion and Politics is an editorial achievement, which is unique in the Arab World. In cooperation with the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Oman, the University of Aachen and the Centro de Estudos... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29078406" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Portugal in the Sea of Oman - Religion and Politics is an editorial achievement, which is unique in the Arab World. In cooperation with the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Oman, the University of Aachen and the Centro de Estudos Históricos (Universidade Nova de Lisboa), more than one thousand documents, ranging from 1504 to 1697, from the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (Lisbon), are published in a trilingual edition (original portuguese, translation into English and Arabic). 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Research on Documents. Corpus 1: Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo Part 2: Volumes 1-10. Transcription, English Translation, Arabic Translation","created_at":"2016-10-11T12:28:08.435-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29078406/Portugal_in_the_Sea_of_Oman_Religion_and_Politics_Research_on_Documents_Corpus_1_Arquivo_Nacional_da_Torre_do_Tombo_Part_2_Volumes_1_10_Transcription_English_Translation_Arabic_Translation?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_29078406","summary":"Portugal in the Sea of Oman - Religion and Politics is an editorial achievement, which is unique in the Arab World. In cooperation with the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Oman, the University of Aachen and the Centro de Estudos Históricos (Universidade Nova de Lisboa), more than one thousand documents, ranging from 1504 to 1697, from the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (Lisbon), are published in a trilingual edition (original portuguese, translation into English and Arabic). Thus, invaluable primary sources are now available for scientists all over the world and a new scholarly dialogue about this essential period for the Arabian History can ensue.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49529368,"asset_id":29078406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":618655,"first_name":"Pedro","last_name":"Pinto","domain_name":"fcsh-unl","page_name":"PedroPinto","display_name":"Pedro Pinto","profile_url":"https://fcsh-unl.academia.edu/PedroPinto?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/618655/214898/31118046/s65_pedro.pinto.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":6888,"name":"Indian Ocean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":7513,"name":"Archives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archives?f_ri=5347"},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=5347"},{"id":25275,"name":"Indian Ocean World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_World?f_ri=5347"},{"id":25402,"name":"Archaeology of Oman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Oman?f_ri=5347"},{"id":25403,"name":"Archaeology of Oman peninsula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Oman_peninsula?f_ri=5347"},{"id":30707,"name":"Indian Ocean Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_Trade?f_ri=5347"},{"id":36310,"name":"Safavid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safavid_Persia?f_ri=5347"},{"id":43022,"name":"Portuguese India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_India?f_ri=5347"},{"id":57633,"name":"Oman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oman?f_ri=5347"},{"id":79771,"name":"Zanzibar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zanzibar?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":97680,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Archaeology?f_ri=5347"},{"id":165784,"name":"Sultanate of Oman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sultanate_of_Oman?f_ri=5347"},{"id":221067,"name":"Oman political history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oman_political_history?f_ri=5347"},{"id":273763,"name":"Mombasa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mombasa?f_ri=5347"},{"id":304728,"name":"HISTORY OF OMAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HISTORY_OF_OMAN?f_ri=5347"},{"id":347787,"name":"Hormuz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormuz?f_ri=5347"},{"id":521158,"name":"Gulf of Oman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_of_Oman?f_ri=5347"},{"id":552311,"name":"Portuguese Overseas Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Overseas_Expansion?f_ri=5347"},{"id":633519,"name":"Omani history in africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Omani_history_in_africa?f_ri=5347"},{"id":967926,"name":"Oman and India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oman_and_India?f_ri=5347"},{"id":967931,"name":"Indians In Oman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indians_In_Oman?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20770064" data-work_id="20770064" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20770064/THE_IMPACT_OF_WORKFORCE_NATIONALISATION_ON_INDIAN_EXPATRIATES_IN_THE_GCC_STATES_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_THE_UAE">THE IMPACT OF WORKFORCE NATIONALISATION ON INDIAN EXPATRIATES IN THE GCC STATES: A CASE STUDY OF THE UAE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract: Dissertation Submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Award of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY. The root causes of the GCC's employment problems are interlocked – a system of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20770064" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract:<br />Dissertation Submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Award of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY.<br /><br />The root causes of the GCC's employment problems are interlocked – a system of national education that has largely not been competitive or well aligned with the needs of modern industry, a culture of citizens conditioned to a protective government, a public sector that is overstaffed and inefficient, and counterproductive policies in areas such as immigration and social welfare. It is also reflected in the highly distorted labour market in the region, founded on a socio-ethnic duality. In some respects the labour market is rigid, with pronounced differences in the wages for non-nationals and nationals. In other aspects it is flexible as current laws make it very easy to import or deport foreigners based on hiring/firing. This is also why“unemployment” is a national issue, for if and when a foreigner‟s work visa is terminated, he or she is obliged to return to the home country.<br />In the final analysis  –<br />• At the GCC level, the dissertation research disproves the hypothesis that growing numbers of GCC nationals have entered the private sector due to workforce nationalisation programmes, replacing foreign labour.<br />• The second hypothesis has been validated in that the growing mismatch between available local labour and the labour market requirements has undermined the success of Emiratisation.<br />• Finally, the failure of Emiratisation has been concluded while validating the hypothesis that Indian labour migration to the UAE has been vigorous despite Emiratisation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20770064" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="302a2402aa965ede8e969029f4e05777" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41552170,"asset_id":20770064,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41552170/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4158884" href="https://jnu.academia.edu/MelissaCyrill">Melissa Cyrill</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4158884" type="text/json">{"id":4158884,"first_name":"Melissa","last_name":"Cyrill","domain_name":"jnu","page_name":"MelissaCyrill","display_name":"Melissa Cyrill","profile_url":"https://jnu.academia.edu/MelissaCyrill?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4158884/1621613/8408068/s65_melissa.cyrill.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20770064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20770064"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20770064, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20770064", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20770064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20770064; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20770064"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20770064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20770064"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20770064; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20770064]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20770064").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20770064").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20770064"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="751" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Economics">Labor Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="751" type="text/json">{"id":751,"name":"Labor Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Economics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7313" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration">Labor Migration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7313" type="text/json">{"id":7313,"name":"Labor Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20770064]'), work: {"id":20770064,"title":"THE IMPACT OF WORKFORCE NATIONALISATION ON INDIAN EXPATRIATES IN THE GCC STATES: A CASE STUDY OF THE UAE","created_at":"2016-01-25T04:48:20.121-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20770064/THE_IMPACT_OF_WORKFORCE_NATIONALISATION_ON_INDIAN_EXPATRIATES_IN_THE_GCC_STATES_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_THE_UAE?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_20770064","summary":"Abstract:\nDissertation Submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Award of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY.\n\nThe root causes of the GCC's employment problems are interlocked – a system of national education that has largely not been competitive or well aligned with the needs of modern industry, a culture of citizens conditioned to a protective government, a public sector that is overstaffed and inefficient, and counterproductive policies in areas such as immigration and social welfare. It is also reflected in the highly distorted labour market in the region, founded on a socio-ethnic duality. In some respects the labour market is rigid, with pronounced differences in the wages for non-nationals and nationals. In other aspects it is flexible as current laws make it very easy to import or deport foreigners based on hiring/firing. This is also why“unemployment” is a national issue, for if and when a foreigner‟s work visa is terminated, he or she is obliged to return to the home country.\nIn the final analysis –\n• At the GCC level, the dissertation research disproves the hypothesis that growing numbers of GCC nationals have entered the private sector due to workforce nationalisation programmes, replacing foreign labour.\n• The second hypothesis has been validated in that the growing mismatch between available local labour and the labour market requirements has undermined the success of Emiratisation.\n• Finally, the failure of Emiratisation has been concluded while validating the hypothesis that Indian labour migration to the UAE has been vigorous despite Emiratisation.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41552170,"asset_id":20770064,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4158884,"first_name":"Melissa","last_name":"Cyrill","domain_name":"jnu","page_name":"MelissaCyrill","display_name":"Melissa Cyrill","profile_url":"https://jnu.academia.edu/MelissaCyrill?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4158884/1621613/8408068/s65_melissa.cyrill.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":751,"name":"Labor Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Economics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":7313,"name":"Labor Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":13868,"name":"Education and Labor Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_and_Labor_Markets?f_ri=5347"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=5347"},{"id":19415,"name":"Labor History and Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_History_and_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":20031,"name":"Migrant labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrant_labour?f_ri=5347"},{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East?f_ri=5347"},{"id":50694,"name":"Gulf Arab States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Arab_States?f_ri=5347"},{"id":52211,"name":"United Arab Emirates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Arab_Emirates?f_ri=5347"},{"id":52815,"name":"Migrant workers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrant_workers?f_ri=5347"},{"id":71291,"name":"Nationalization of labour in GCC, Skill gaps what is it about?","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalization_of_labour_in_GCC_Skill_gaps_what_is_it_about?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":106049,"name":"Emiratisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emiratisation?f_ri=5347"},{"id":123031,"name":"Emiratization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emiratization?f_ri=5347"},{"id":175892,"name":"Arabian Gulf City","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf_City?f_ri=5347"},{"id":307906,"name":"Political Economy of the Middle East and North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=5347"},{"id":442601,"name":"Emiratization, Nationalization of labour in GCC, Skill gaps what is it about?, Development Studies, Strategic Human Resource Management, Human Resource Management, United Arab Emirates, Human Resource Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emiratization_Nationalization_of_labour_in_GCC_Skill_gaps_what_is_it_about_Development_Studies_?f_ri=5347"},{"id":968519,"name":"Politics and International Relations of the Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_and_International_Relations_of_the_Middle_East?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1012574,"name":"Social Networks and Labor MIgration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks_and_Labor_MIgration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1014775,"name":"Migrant Labors In GCC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrant_Labors_In_GCC?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37240510 coauthored" data-work_id="37240510" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37240510/The_Forever_Frontier_of_Urbanism_Historicizing_Persian_Gulf_Cities">The Forever Frontier of Urbanism: Historicizing Persian Gulf Cities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In recent years, Persian Gulf cities have become symbols of the most spectacular forms of the ‘globalization of urbanization’. Current scholarship has sought to situate these cities in transnational processes and linkages with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37240510" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In recent years, Persian Gulf cities have become symbols of the most spectacular forms of the ‘globalization of urbanization’. Current scholarship has sought to situate these cities in transnational processes and linkages with conceptualizations of ‘the global city’ and the mechanisms of ‘worlding’. This article builds on but moves beyond this line of analysis by turning to the histories of this region and its built environment to explore the longue‐durée influence of capital and empire operating across multiple scales. From this perspective, the glittering high‐rises and manmade islands are contemporary manifestations of a century of urban forms and logics of social control emanating from company towns, the struggles of state building, and the circulation and fixing of capital. To grasp how the Persian Gulf region has been remade as a frontier for accumulation, the analysis in this article blurs the boundaries between metropole and periphery, reconceptualizing the region not as an eclectic sideshow, but as a central site for global shifts in urbanism, capitalism and architecture in the twentieth century.<br /><br />See early view of essay at: <a href="http://www.ijurr.org/article/the-forever-frontier-of-urbanism-historicizing-persian-gulf-cities/" rel="nofollow">http://www.ijurr.org/article/the-forever-frontier-of-urbanism-historicizing-persian-gulf-cities/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37240510" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="899b57dc0d10322cf28344d850df1971" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57535655,"asset_id":37240510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57535655/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3355569" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/ArangKeshavarzian">Arang Keshavarzian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3355569" type="text/json">{"id":3355569,"first_name":"Arang","last_name":"Keshavarzian","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"ArangKeshavarzian","display_name":"Arang Keshavarzian","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/ArangKeshavarzian?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3355569/3790279/4436602/s65_arang.keshavarzian.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37240510">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37240510"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nyu.academia.edu/AlexBoodrookasBoodrookas">Alex Boodrookas</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37240510'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37240510').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37240510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37240510"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37240510; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37240510]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37240510").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37240510").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37240510"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1439" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization">Globalization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1439" type="text/json">{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3410" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History">Urban History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3410" type="text/json">{"id":3410,"name":"Urban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4125" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_cities">Global cities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4125" type="text/json">{"id":4125,"name":"Global cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_cities?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37240510]'), work: {"id":37240510,"title":"The Forever Frontier of Urbanism: Historicizing Persian Gulf Cities","created_at":"2018-08-15T08:11:07.437-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37240510/The_Forever_Frontier_of_Urbanism_Historicizing_Persian_Gulf_Cities?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_37240510","summary":"In recent years, Persian Gulf cities have become symbols of the most spectacular forms of the ‘globalization of urbanization’. Current scholarship has sought to situate these cities in transnational processes and linkages with conceptualizations of ‘the global city’ and the mechanisms of ‘worlding’. This article builds on but moves beyond this line of analysis by turning to the histories of this region and its built environment to explore the longue‐durée influence of capital and empire operating across multiple scales. From this perspective, the glittering high‐rises and manmade islands are contemporary manifestations of a century of urban forms and logics of social control emanating from company towns, the struggles of state building, and the circulation and fixing of capital. To grasp how the Persian Gulf region has been remade as a frontier for accumulation, the analysis in this article blurs the boundaries between metropole and periphery, reconceptualizing the region not as an eclectic sideshow, but as a central site for global shifts in urbanism, capitalism and architecture in the twentieth century.\n\nSee early view of essay at: http://www.ijurr.org/article/the-forever-frontier-of-urbanism-historicizing-persian-gulf-cities/","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57535655,"asset_id":37240510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3355569,"first_name":"Arang","last_name":"Keshavarzian","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"ArangKeshavarzian","display_name":"Arang Keshavarzian","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/ArangKeshavarzian?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3355569/3790279/4436602/s65_arang.keshavarzian.jpg"},{"id":35287849,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Boodrookas","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"AlexBoodrookasBoodrookas","display_name":"Alex Boodrookas","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/AlexBoodrookasBoodrookas?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35287849/18012920/19561680/s65_alex.boodrookas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":3410,"name":"Urban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":4125,"name":"Global cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_cities?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":7725,"name":"Urban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":97681,"name":"Arabian Peninsula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Peninsula?f_ri=5347"},{"id":164626,"name":"Rentier State and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rentier_State_and_Politics?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36357779 coauthored" data-work_id="36357779" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36357779/The_Geopolitics_of_Sectarianism_in_the_Persian_Gulf">The Geopolitics of Sectarianism in the Persian Gulf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The geopolitical rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia is fueling much of the present conflict raging across the Middle East, including bloody proxy wars in Yemen, Iraq and Syria. Identity-based conflict has also gained fresh vitality as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36357779" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The geopolitical rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia is fueling much of the present conflict raging across the Middle East, including bloody proxy wars in Yemen, Iraq and Syria. Identity-based conflict has also gained fresh vitality as the region’s proxy wars have pitted Sunnis against Shi’a. This article analyses the geopolitics of sectarianism in the Persian Gulf since the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran with a focus on the role of sectarian issues. The authors argue that the elevated level of sectarian conflict that has swept the Middle East since the fall of Saddam Hussein is rooted in the unstable balance of power in the Persian Gulf sub-region and the conflict between the two Gulf heavyweights, Iran and Saudi Arabia. In that context, sectarian issues are like a vessel containing theological differences, social and political grievances, historical ‘memories’, and deep-seated fears, which can be stirred together and heated up in pursuit of geo-strategic ambitions that would otherwise be hard for the Gulf’s authoritarian regimes to invigorate support for.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36357779" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8480ba86aee8ab116300f77d1f707089" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56266619,"asset_id":36357779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56266619/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="355336" href="https://erau.academia.edu/ChelsiMueller">Chelsi Mueller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="355336" type="text/json">{"id":355336,"first_name":"Chelsi","last_name":"Mueller","domain_name":"erau","page_name":"ChelsiMueller","display_name":"Chelsi Mueller","profile_url":"https://erau.academia.edu/ChelsiMueller?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355336/156750/60082002/s65_chelsi.mueller.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36357779">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36357779"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/UziRabi">Uzi Rabi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36357779'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36357779').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36357779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36357779"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36357779; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36357779]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36357779").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36357779").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36357779"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83782" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab-Iranian_relations">Arab-Iranian relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83782" type="text/json">{"id":83782,"name":"Arab-Iranian relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab-Iranian_relations?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran_nuclear_program">Iran nuclear program</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="124225" type="text/json">{"id":124225,"name":"Iran nuclear program","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran_nuclear_program?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="169938" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_Spring_Arab_Revolts_">Arab Spring (Arab Revolts)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="169938" type="text/json">{"id":169938,"name":"Arab Spring (Arab Revolts)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_Spring_Arab_Revolts_?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36357779]'), work: {"id":36357779,"title":"The Geopolitics of Sectarianism in the Persian Gulf","created_at":"2018-04-08T03:45:07.601-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36357779/The_Geopolitics_of_Sectarianism_in_the_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_36357779","summary":"The geopolitical rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia is fueling much of the present conflict raging across the Middle East, including bloody proxy wars in Yemen, Iraq and Syria. Identity-based conflict has also gained fresh vitality as the region’s proxy wars have pitted Sunnis against Shi’a. This article analyses the geopolitics of sectarianism in the Persian Gulf since the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran with a focus on the role of sectarian issues. The authors argue that the elevated level of sectarian conflict that has swept the Middle East since the fall of Saddam Hussein is rooted in the unstable balance of power in the Persian Gulf sub-region and the conflict between the two Gulf heavyweights, Iran and Saudi Arabia. In that context, sectarian issues are like a vessel containing theological differences, social and political grievances, historical ‘memories’, and deep-seated fears, which can be stirred together and heated up in pursuit of geo-strategic ambitions that would otherwise be hard for the Gulf’s authoritarian regimes to invigorate support for.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56266619,"asset_id":36357779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":355336,"first_name":"Chelsi","last_name":"Mueller","domain_name":"erau","page_name":"ChelsiMueller","display_name":"Chelsi Mueller","profile_url":"https://erau.academia.edu/ChelsiMueller?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355336/156750/60082002/s65_chelsi.mueller.jpg"},{"id":4374886,"first_name":"Uzi","last_name":"Rabi","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"UziRabi","display_name":"Uzi Rabi","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/UziRabi?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4374886/1818195/2165558/s65_uzi.rabi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":83782,"name":"Arab-Iranian relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab-Iranian_relations?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":124225,"name":"Iran nuclear program","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran_nuclear_program?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":169938,"name":"Arab Spring (Arab Revolts)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_Spring_Arab_Revolts_?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":273526,"name":"Bahrain and the Arab Spring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bahrain_and_the_Arab_Spring?f_ri=5347"},{"id":663243,"name":"Sunni-Shi'i Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunni-Shii_Relations?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39995085 coauthored" data-work_id="39995085" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39995085/IMEIS_Annual_Conference_2019_GCC_Evaluation_Lessons_Learned_and_Future_Prospects">IMEIS Annual Conference 2019 GCC: Evaluation, Lessons Learned and Future Prospects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gathering the proceedings from the 2019 Annual Conference of the Institute of Middle East and Islamic Studies at Durham University (UK), this volume explores the policies and priorities of Gulf Cooperation Council states, the tensions... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39995085" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gathering the proceedings from the 2019 Annual Conference of the Institute of Middle East and Islamic Studies at Durham University (UK), this volume explores the policies and priorities of Gulf Cooperation Council states, the tensions within and across the organisation, and behavioural traits of its key actors. My chapter ("United We Stand? Measuring Threat Perceptions of Iran within the Riyadh-Abu Dhabi Axis") dissects similarities and divergences in how the "Irani threat" is perceived in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39995085" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e14579899d51107daa137b9d3d14ad22" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60185448,"asset_id":39995085,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60185448/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8501453" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/CinziaBianco">Cinzia Bianco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8501453" type="text/json">{"id":8501453,"first_name":"Cinzia","last_name":"Bianco","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"CinziaBianco","display_name":"Cinzia Bianco","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/CinziaBianco?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8501453/2885683/12106222/s65_cinzia.bianco.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39995085">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39995085"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://waseda.academia.edu/AbdullahBaabood">Abdullah Baabood</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cairo.academia.edu/shadymansour">shady A . mansour</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unipd.academia.edu/AlbertoGasparetto">Alberto Gasparetto</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39995085'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39995085').html(); 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My chapter (\"United We Stand? Measuring Threat Perceptions of Iran within the Riyadh-Abu Dhabi Axis\") dissects similarities and divergences in how the \"Irani threat\" is perceived in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60185448,"asset_id":39995085,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8501453,"first_name":"Cinzia","last_name":"Bianco","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"CinziaBianco","display_name":"Cinzia Bianco","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/CinziaBianco?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8501453/2885683/12106222/s65_cinzia.bianco.jpg"},{"id":9644260,"first_name":"Abdullah","last_name":"Baabood","domain_name":"waseda","page_name":"AbdullahBaabood","display_name":"Abdullah Baabood","profile_url":"https://waseda.academia.edu/AbdullahBaabood?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9644260/3035358/3567175/s65_abdullah.baabood.jpg"},{"id":49641543,"first_name":"shady","last_name":"mansour","domain_name":"cairo","page_name":"shadymansour","display_name":"shady A . mansour","profile_url":"https://cairo.academia.edu/shadymansour?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49641543/13052688/17560157/s65_shady.mansour.jpg"},{"id":65756100,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Gasparetto","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"AlbertoGasparetto","display_name":"Alberto Gasparetto","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/AlbertoGasparetto?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65756100/18039801/50247215/s65_alberto.gasparetto.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":4370,"name":"Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=5347"},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=5347"},{"id":52211,"name":"United Arab Emirates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Arab_Emirates?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28447141" data-work_id="28447141" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28447141/Strategic_Studies_Institute_The_Gulf_Moment_Arab_Relations_Since_2011">Strategic Studies Institute: The Gulf Moment: Arab Relations Since 2011</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This monograph examines the impact that the “Arab Spring” has had on how Arab states relate to each other post-regime change and post-Islamist electoral victory. It shows that the region is undergoing a profound change as some traditional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28447141" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This monograph examines the impact that the “Arab Spring” has had on how Arab states relate to each other post-regime change and post-Islamist electoral victory. It shows that the region is undergoing a profound change as some traditional regional policy actors are paralyzed by internal turmoil (such as Syria and Egypt), while others do not have a regional ambition (such as Algeria and Morocco). The region has therefore entered a Gulf moment where key decisions pertaining to the region’s future are now taken in Riyadh, Doha, and Abu Dhabi. From having once been mere bystanders of regional politics, the Gulf States have moved to become players with both the ambition and capability to shape regional dynamics. As the ripple effects of their 2014 rift show, these dynamics will have a wider Arab impact.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28447141" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f871aebff933dc3c0cbfa965bbb5ae25" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48796808,"asset_id":28447141,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48796808/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8440946" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FlorenceGaub">Florence Gaub</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8440946" type="text/json">{"id":8440946,"first_name":"Florence","last_name":"Gaub","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FlorenceGaub","display_name":"Florence Gaub","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FlorenceGaub?f_ri=5347","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28447141 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28447141"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28447141, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28447141", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28447141]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28447141").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28447141").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28447141"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf">Arabian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14861" type="text/json">{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="169938" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_Spring_Arab_Revolts_">Arab Spring (Arab Revolts)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="169938" type="text/json">{"id":169938,"name":"Arab Spring (Arab Revolts)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_Spring_Arab_Revolts_?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28447141]'), work: {"id":28447141,"title":"Strategic Studies Institute: The Gulf Moment: Arab Relations Since 2011","created_at":"2016-09-13T04:18:17.508-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28447141/Strategic_Studies_Institute_The_Gulf_Moment_Arab_Relations_Since_2011?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_28447141","summary":"This monograph examines the impact that the “Arab Spring” has had on how Arab states relate to each other post-regime change and post-Islamist electoral victory. It shows that the region is undergoing a profound change as some traditional regional policy actors are paralyzed by internal turmoil (such as Syria and Egypt), while others do not have a regional ambition (such as Algeria and Morocco). The region has therefore entered a Gulf moment where key decisions pertaining to the region’s future are now taken in Riyadh, Doha, and Abu Dhabi. From having once been mere bystanders of regional politics, the Gulf States have moved to become players with both the ambition and capability to shape regional dynamics. As the ripple effects of their 2014 rift show, these dynamics will have a wider Arab impact.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48796808,"asset_id":28447141,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8440946,"first_name":"Florence","last_name":"Gaub","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FlorenceGaub","display_name":"Florence Gaub","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FlorenceGaub?f_ri=5347","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":169938,"name":"Arab Spring (Arab Revolts)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_Spring_Arab_Revolts_?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44210597" data-work_id="44210597" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44210597/The_GCC_s_arms_race_and_the_Iranian_threat_">The GCC’s arms race and the Iranian ‘threat’</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44210597" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34431288" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrAlJaber">Khalid J Al-Jaber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34431288" type="text/json">{"id":34431288,"first_name":"Khalid","last_name":"Al-Jaber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrAlJaber","display_name":"Khalid J Al-Jaber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrAlJaber?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34431288/47583669/161812241/s65_khalid.al-jaber.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44210597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44210597"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44210597, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44210597", }); });</script></li><li 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Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_South_Asia_and_Southeast_Asian_Politics?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40649902" data-work_id="40649902" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40649902/KINGDOM_COME_Melissa_Gronlund_on_Jean_Nouvel_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula">KINGDOM COME Melissa Gronlund on Jean Nouvel in the Arabian Peninsula</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An analysis of the art scenes in the Gulf following on from the July 2017 tensions between Qatar, the UAE and Saudi. Discussion of Jean Nouvel's new National Museum of Qatar and the Saudi plans for Al Ula. I suggest the era of big state... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40649902" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An analysis of the art scenes in the Gulf following on from the July 2017 tensions between Qatar, the UAE and Saudi. Discussion of Jean Nouvel's new National Museum of Qatar and the Saudi plans for Al Ula. I suggest the era of big state museums is ending.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40649902" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c1008fba9979f9cd0725a58a2e7987f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60932496,"asset_id":40649902,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60932496/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35854428" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MelissaGronlund">Melissa Gronlund</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35854428" type="text/json">{"id":35854428,"first_name":"Melissa","last_name":"Gronlund","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MelissaGronlund","display_name":"Melissa Gronlund","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MelissaGronlund?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35854428/11237455/19114202/s65_melissa.gronlund.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40649902 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40649902"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40649902, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40649902", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40649902]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40649902").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40649902").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40649902"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies">Museum Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1657" type="text/json">{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3051" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art">Contemporary Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3051" type="text/json">{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Arab_Art">Modern Arab Art</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14729" type="text/json">{"id":14729,"name":"Modern Arab Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Arab_Art?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40649902]'), work: {"id":40649902,"title":"KINGDOM COME Melissa Gronlund on Jean Nouvel in the Arabian Peninsula","created_at":"2019-10-17T05:33:28.981-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40649902/KINGDOM_COME_Melissa_Gronlund_on_Jean_Nouvel_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_40649902","summary":"An analysis of the art scenes in the Gulf following on from the July 2017 tensions between Qatar, the UAE and Saudi. Discussion of Jean Nouvel's new National Museum of Qatar and the Saudi plans for Al Ula. I suggest the era of big state museums is ending. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60932496,"asset_id":40649902,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35854428,"first_name":"Melissa","last_name":"Gronlund","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MelissaGronlund","display_name":"Melissa Gronlund","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MelissaGronlund?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35854428/11237455/19114202/s65_melissa.gronlund.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":14729,"name":"Modern Arab Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Arab_Art?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29954460" data-work_id="29954460" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29954460/From_Protected_State_to_Protection_Racket_Contextualising_Divide_and_Rule_in_Bahrain">From Protected State to Protection Racket: Contextualising Divide and Rule in Bahrain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bahrain’s Royal Family, the Al Khalifa, has long pursued a strategy of divide and rule in order to prevent the emergence of cross-opposition coalitions, while exacerbating the country’s sectarian divide has become a critical means of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29954460" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bahrain’s Royal Family, the Al Khalifa, has long pursued a strategy of divide and rule in order to prevent the emergence of cross-opposition coalitions, while exacerbating the country’s sectarian divide has become a critical means of ensuring regime survival. This article examines the country’s twentieth century imperial and post-independence history through the framework of divide and rule theory, providing crucial context for current events in Bahrain. It demonstrates how a divide and rule strategy is structurally embedded within the ruling family’s mode of governance, and reveals how it continues to be employed as an effective means of maintaining absolute monarchy in Bahrain.<br /><br />Keywords: Bahrain, Arab Spring, Gulf Cooperation Council, divide and rule, sectarianism</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29954460" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9d96377918ed61c4780c299b368e7b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51727827,"asset_id":29954460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51727827/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40758846" href="https://mq.academia.edu/KylieMooreGilbert">Kylie Moore-Gilbert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40758846" type="text/json">{"id":40758846,"first_name":"Kylie","last_name":"Moore-Gilbert","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KylieMooreGilbert","display_name":"Kylie Moore-Gilbert","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KylieMooreGilbert?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40758846/11096127/14945322/s65_kylie.moore-gilbert.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29954460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29954460"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29954460, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29954460", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29954460]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29954460").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29954460").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29954460"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">29</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2603" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History">Middle East History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2603" type="text/json">{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies">Gulf Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2714" type="text/json">{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29954460]'), work: {"id":29954460,"title":"From Protected State to Protection Racket: Contextualising Divide and Rule in Bahrain","created_at":"2016-11-19T00:26:49.203-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29954460/From_Protected_State_to_Protection_Racket_Contextualising_Divide_and_Rule_in_Bahrain?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_29954460","summary":"Bahrain’s Royal Family, the Al Khalifa, has long pursued a strategy of divide and rule in order to prevent the emergence of cross-opposition coalitions, while exacerbating the country’s sectarian divide has become a critical means of ensuring regime survival. This article examines the country’s twentieth century imperial and post-independence history through the framework of divide and rule theory, providing crucial context for current events in Bahrain. It demonstrates how a divide and rule strategy is structurally embedded within the ruling family’s mode of governance, and reveals how it continues to be employed as an effective means of maintaining absolute monarchy in Bahrain.\n\nKeywords: Bahrain, Arab Spring, Gulf Cooperation Council, divide and rule, sectarianism","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51727827,"asset_id":29954460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40758846,"first_name":"Kylie","last_name":"Moore-Gilbert","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"KylieMooreGilbert","display_name":"Kylie Moore-Gilbert","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/KylieMooreGilbert?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40758846/11096127/14945322/s65_kylie.moore-gilbert.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":7757,"name":"Middle Eastern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":8700,"name":"Turkish and Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=5347"},{"id":10374,"name":"Middle Eastern Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_Politics?f_ri=5347"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":12029,"name":"Modern Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Middle_East_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":12809,"name":"Middle Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=5347"},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=5347"},{"id":25399,"name":"Islamism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamism?f_ri=5347"},{"id":26763,"name":"Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":28722,"name":"International Relations of Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_of_Middle_East?f_ri=5347"},{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East?f_ri=5347"},{"id":52210,"name":"Bahrain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bahrain?f_ri=5347"},{"id":59129,"name":"Gulf Cooperation Council","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Cooperation_Council?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":167342,"name":"Islamic and Middle Eastern studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_and_Middle_Eastern_studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":273526,"name":"Bahrain and the Arab Spring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bahrain_and_the_Arab_Spring?f_ri=5347"},{"id":365356,"name":"GCC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GCC?f_ri=5347"},{"id":451041,"name":"Divide and Rule in British India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Divide_and_Rule_in_British_India?f_ri=5347"},{"id":531917,"name":"Bahrain History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bahrain_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":567546,"name":"Shia studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shia_studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":695530,"name":"Islamic Sectarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Sectarianism?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37327551" data-work_id="37327551" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37327551/Potts_2004_Kharg_Island_ii_History_and_archeology_Encyclopaedia_Iranica">Potts 2004. Kharg Island ii. History and archeology. Encyclopaedia Iranica.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37327551" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f63bc955fd7b48d4121c92764f6f4bca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57285589,"asset_id":37327551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57285589/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1494920" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/DTPotts">D.T. Potts</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1494920" type="text/json">{"id":1494920,"first_name":"D.T.","last_name":"Potts","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"DTPotts","display_name":"D.T. Potts","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/DTPotts?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1494920/755553/121270066/s65_d.t..potts.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37327551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37327551"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37327551, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37327551", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37327551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37327551; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37327551"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37327551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37327551"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37327551; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37327551]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37327551").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37327551").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37327551"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="397" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology">Near Eastern Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="397" type="text/json">{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Studies">Near Eastern Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1271" type="text/json">{"id":1271,"name":"Near Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3792" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Archaeology">Iranian Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3792" type="text/json">{"id":3792,"name":"Iranian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Archaeology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37327551]'), work: {"id":37327551,"title":"Potts 2004. Kharg Island ii. History and archeology. Encyclopaedia Iranica.","created_at":"2018-09-01T12:32:28.716-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37327551/Potts_2004_Kharg_Island_ii_History_and_archeology_Encyclopaedia_Iranica?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_37327551","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57285589,"asset_id":37327551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1494920,"first_name":"D.T.","last_name":"Potts","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"DTPotts","display_name":"D.T. Potts","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/DTPotts?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1494920/755553/121270066/s65_d.t..potts.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":1271,"name":"Near Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":3792,"name":"Iranian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Archaeology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":6117,"name":"History of Iran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Iran?f_ri=5347"},{"id":16555,"name":"Iranian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=5347"},{"id":32296,"name":"Ancient Near East (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East_Archaeology_?f_ri=5347"},{"id":44542,"name":"Ancient Near Eastern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_Eastern_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":59955,"name":"Persian Gulf archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_Gulf_archeology?f_ri=5347"},{"id":73988,"name":"Iran Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran_Archaeology?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":97680,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Archaeology?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33314274 coauthored" data-work_id="33314274" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33314274/Impacts_of_the_Hara_Biosphere_Reserve_on_Livelihood_and_Welfare_in_Persian_Gulf">Impacts of the Hara Biosphere Reserve on Livelihood and Welfare in Persian Gulf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite the importance of biosphere reserves in Iran's livelihood and welfare, the economic significance of Hara Biosphere Reserve has never been comprehensively studied. This study examines the current importance of Hara Biosphere... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33314274" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite the importance of biosphere reserves in Iran's livelihood and welfare, the economic significance of Hara Biosphere Reserve has never been comprehensively studied. This study examines the current importance of Hara Biosphere Reserve (HBR) in local livelihood and welfare. Using a household survey, data were collected through a questionnaire, key informant interviews and direct observations. Two hundred and forty-four households were randomly selected from 10 villages through proportional sampling. Results showed that non-environmental income was the first driver of the total income, poverty alleviation and narrowing income inequality gap. Park income was the second. The results also showed that excluding park income from total income would significantly increase headcount poverty, widen the poverty gap, and raise the Gini coefficient. Wealthier households had the greatest absolute income from the environment, including forest, fishing and fodder. However, the poorest group had smallest absolute income from these sources. Thus, the study demonstrated that wealthier households are responsible for the overharvesting of environmental resources. Interestingly, the study showed that wealthier households are more dependent on profitable environmental incomes sources while the poorest are more dependent on non-profitable ones.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33314274" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3bf76fe73e9939dfe6a0b55af8dd3f15" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53377180,"asset_id":33314274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53377180/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23971088" href="https://tehran.academia.edu/miladdehghanipour">milad dehghani pour</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23971088" type="text/json">{"id":23971088,"first_name":"milad","last_name":"dehghani pour","domain_name":"tehran","page_name":"miladdehghanipour","display_name":"milad dehghani pour","profile_url":"https://tehran.academia.edu/miladdehghanipour?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23971088/9500033/10584352/s65_milad.dehghani_pour.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33314274">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33314274"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://tehran.academia.edu/aabarati">Ali Akbar Barati</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://myulg.academia.edu/HosseinAzadi">Hossein Azadi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33314274'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33314274').html(); 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This study examines the current importance of Hara Biosphere Reserve (HBR) in local livelihood and welfare. Using a household survey, data were collected through a questionnaire, key informant interviews and direct observations. Two hundred and forty-four households were randomly selected from 10 villages through proportional sampling. Results showed that non-environmental income was the first driver of the total income, poverty alleviation and narrowing income inequality gap. Park income was the second. The results also showed that excluding park income from total income would significantly increase headcount poverty, widen the poverty gap, and raise the Gini coefficient. Wealthier households had the greatest absolute income from the environment, including forest, fishing and fodder. However, the poorest group had smallest absolute income from these sources. Thus, the study demonstrated that wealthier households are responsible for the overharvesting of environmental resources. Interestingly, the study showed that wealthier households are more dependent on profitable environmental incomes sources while the poorest are more dependent on non-profitable ones.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53377180,"asset_id":33314274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23971088,"first_name":"milad","last_name":"dehghani pour","domain_name":"tehran","page_name":"miladdehghanipour","display_name":"milad dehghani pour","profile_url":"https://tehran.academia.edu/miladdehghanipour?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23971088/9500033/10584352/s65_milad.dehghani_pour.jpg"},{"id":1649009,"first_name":"Ali Akbar","last_name":"Barati","domain_name":"tehran","page_name":"aabarati","display_name":"Ali Akbar Barati","profile_url":"https://tehran.academia.edu/aabarati?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1649009/573762/14000591/s65_ali_akbar.barati.jpg"},{"id":46206555,"first_name":"Hossein","last_name":"Azadi","domain_name":"myulg","page_name":"HosseinAzadi","display_name":"Hossein Azadi","profile_url":"https://myulg.academia.edu/HosseinAzadi?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46206555/13722303/157363698/s65_hossein.azadi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4011,"name":"Ecological Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Economics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":8511,"name":"Environment and natural resources conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":8801,"name":"Natural Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resource_Management?f_ri=5347"},{"id":49648,"name":"Livelihood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livelihood?f_ri=5347"},{"id":95088,"name":"Poverty and Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_and_Inequality-1?f_ri=5347"},{"id":227727,"name":"Mangrove forest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mangrove_forest?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2235649" data-work_id="2235649" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2235649/_Concluding_Thoughts_in_Iran_and_the_International_System">"Concluding Thoughts" in Iran and the International System</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Much attention in the West has focused on Iran as a problem country. This book challenges the representations of Iran as a hostile regional power led by ideologues, and goes further by discussing how international relations are viewed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2235649" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Much attention in the West has focused on Iran as a problem country. This book challenges the representations of Iran as a hostile regional power led by ideologues, and goes further by discussing how international relations are viewed from inside Iran itself, outlining the factors which underpin Iranian thinking on international relations and considering what role Iran, as a large and significant country in the Middle East, ought to play in a fairly constructed international system. <br /> <br />The book is written by leading scholars and policy makers from inside, as well as from outside, Iran and includes academics with unparalleled access and insights into the world-views of the Iranian leadership. Subjects covered include: the rationale of Iran's Islamic constitution, including its electoral system, and the impact this has on international relations; Iran's view of the ideal international system, including the place therein of ethics, justice, and security; Iran's international interests, including energy needs; and relations with the West, including the clash between Iranian and Western views of the world order.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2235649" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f6adeed0fb0f88f440a6c7878e48f4be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51179677,"asset_id":2235649,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51179677/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2708946" href="https://durham.academia.edu/NadirGohari">Dr. Nadir Gohari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2708946" type="text/json">{"id":2708946,"first_name":"Dr. Nadir","last_name":"Gohari","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"NadirGohari","display_name":"Dr. Nadir Gohari","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/NadirGohari?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2708946/931101/19314691/s65_dr._nadir.gohari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2235649 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2235649"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2235649, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2235649", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2235649]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2235649").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2235649").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2235649"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">49</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology">Political Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="201" type="text/json">{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2235649]'), work: {"id":2235649,"title":"\"Concluding Thoughts\" in Iran and the International System","created_at":"2012-12-03T09:11:32.243-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2235649/_Concluding_Thoughts_in_Iran_and_the_International_System?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_2235649","summary":"Much attention in the West has focused on Iran as a problem country. This book challenges the representations of Iran as a hostile regional power led by ideologues, and goes further by discussing how international relations are viewed from inside Iran itself, outlining the factors which underpin Iranian thinking on international relations and considering what role Iran, as a large and significant country in the Middle East, ought to play in a fairly constructed international system.\r\n\r\nThe book is written by leading scholars and policy makers from inside, as well as from outside, Iran and includes academics with unparalleled access and insights into the world-views of the Iranian leadership. Subjects covered include: the rationale of Iran's Islamic constitution, including its electoral system, and the impact this has on international relations; Iran's view of the ideal international system, including the place therein of ethics, justice, and security; Iran's international interests, including energy needs; and relations with the West, including the clash between Iranian and Western views of the world order.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51179677,"asset_id":2235649,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2708946,"first_name":"Dr. Nadir","last_name":"Gohari","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"NadirGohari","display_name":"Dr. Nadir Gohari","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/NadirGohari?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2708946/931101/19314691/s65_dr._nadir.gohari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=5347"},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=5347"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=5347"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":2490,"name":"Political Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Psychology?f_ri=5347"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=5347"},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defense_and_Strategic_Studies?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39670087" data-work_id="39670087" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39670087/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99">האיום האיראני הימי :משמעויות והשלכות על הביטחון הישראלי והאזורי</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">איראן רוצה להחזיר את גדולתה של האימפריה הפרסית ולשחזר את עוצמתה הימית שאפיינה אותה בעבר הרחוק. כוחה הימי אמור גם להרתיע את ארה"ב ומדינות סוניות מפני התקפה נגדה וניסיונות לסכל את תכנית הגרעין הצבאית והטילים הבליסטיים שלה.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39670087" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9449f9c0289f684240b309032d1c8ea6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59836785,"asset_id":39670087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39670087"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science">Military Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="559" type="text/json">{"id":559,"name":"Military Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Science?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="579" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_">Strategy (Military Science)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="579" type="text/json">{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies">Iranian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5218" type="text/json">{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39670087]'), work: {"id":39670087,"title":"האיום האיראני הימי 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Eslâmi)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guards_Corps_IRGC_Sep%C3%A2h-e_P%C3%A2sd%C3%A2r%C3%A2n-e_Enqel%C3%A2b-e_Esl%C3%A2mi_?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1512120,"name":"ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY GUARD CORPS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ISLAMIC_REVOLUTIONARY_GUARD_CORPS?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1845617,"name":"Iranian Military Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Military_Studies?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35608623" data-work_id="35608623" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35608623/R%C3%A9volution_dans_la_contre_r%C3%A9volution_en_Arabie_saoudite_Petits_arrangements_avec_le_wahhabisme">Révolution dans la « contre-révolution » en Arabie saoudite ? Petits arrangements avec le wahhabisme</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Héritier du trône, le prince Mohammed Ben Salman entend réformer le royaume saoudien de manière profonde et sur tous les plans. Ses promesses de s’attaquer aux causes de l’extrémisme ne sont pas forcément synonymes d’une « déwahhabisation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35608623" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Héritier du trône, le prince Mohammed Ben Salman entend réformer le royaume saoudien de manière profonde et sur tous les plans. Ses promesses de s’attaquer aux causes de l’extrémisme ne sont pas forcément synonymes d’une « déwahhabisation » du pays. Soutien et caution religieuse de la monarchie, les dignitaires wahhabites ont toujours su s’adapter aux précédentes tentatives de contrôle.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35608623" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9da7fa54fcedbdd82d466d60dd01ccd2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55476356,"asset_id":35608623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55476356/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5023413" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/NabilMouline">Nabil Mouline</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5023413" type="text/json">{"id":5023413,"first_name":"Nabil","last_name":"Mouline","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"NabilMouline","display_name":"Nabil Mouline","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/NabilMouline?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5023413/2183410/12540304/s65_nabil.mouline.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35608623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35608623"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35608623, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35608623", }); 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Petits arrangements avec le wahhabisme","created_at":"2018-01-08T04:02:40.028-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35608623/R%C3%A9volution_dans_la_contre_r%C3%A9volution_en_Arabie_saoudite_Petits_arrangements_avec_le_wahhabisme?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_35608623","summary":"Héritier du trône, le prince Mohammed Ben Salman entend réformer le royaume saoudien de manière profonde et sur tous les plans. Ses promesses de s’attaquer aux causes de l’extrémisme ne sont pas forcément synonymes d’une « déwahhabisation » du pays. Soutien et caution religieuse de la monarchie, les dignitaires wahhabites ont toujours su s’adapter aux précédentes tentatives de contrôle.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55476356,"asset_id":35608623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5023413,"first_name":"Nabil","last_name":"Mouline","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"NabilMouline","display_name":"Nabil Mouline","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/NabilMouline?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5023413/2183410/12540304/s65_nabil.mouline.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5847,"name":"Political Extremism/Radicalism/Populism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Extremism_Radicalism_Populism?f_ri=5347"},{"id":8700,"name":"Turkish and Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":9450,"name":"Radicalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radicalization?f_ri=5347"},{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=5347"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":12029,"name":"Modern Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Middle_East_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=5347"},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=5347"},{"id":36585,"name":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=5347"},{"id":41658,"name":"Foreign Policy of Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_of_Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=5347"},{"id":59129,"name":"Gulf Cooperation Council","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Cooperation_Council?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":88513,"name":"Salafism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salafism?f_ri=5347"},{"id":162527,"name":"Wahhabism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wahhabism?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44210674" data-work_id="44210674" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44210674/The_future_of_free_media_and_freedom_of_speech_in_the_Gulf">The future of free media and freedom of speech in the Gulf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As the famous French writer and political thinker Alexis de Tocqueville once opined, "There can never be real newspapers without democracy nor democracy without newspapers". Indeed, a political system that protects freedom of speech,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44210674" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As the famous French writer and political thinker Alexis de Tocqueville once opined, "There can never be real newspapers without democracy nor democracy without newspapers". Indeed, a political system that protects freedom of speech, thought, and belief must guarantee that citizens have access to information and the freedom to engage in societal dialogues. Restrictions on freedom of communication, media, and speech will inevitably undermine a country's democratic institutions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44210674" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff752499717557e042f6733f037718ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64575869,"asset_id":44210674,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64575869/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34431288" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrAlJaber">Khalid J Al-Jaber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34431288" type="text/json">{"id":34431288,"first_name":"Khalid","last_name":"Al-Jaber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrAlJaber","display_name":"Khalid J Al-Jaber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrAlJaber?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34431288/47583669/161812241/s65_khalid.al-jaber.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44210674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44210674"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44210674, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44210674", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44210674]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44210674").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44210674").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44210674"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies">Gulf Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2714" type="text/json">{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf">Arabian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14861" type="text/json">{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44210674]'), work: {"id":44210674,"title":"The future of free media and freedom of speech in the Gulf","created_at":"2020-10-01T12:41:10.433-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44210674/The_future_of_free_media_and_freedom_of_speech_in_the_Gulf?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_44210674","summary":"As the famous French writer and political thinker Alexis de Tocqueville once opined, \"There can never be real newspapers without democracy nor democracy without newspapers\". Indeed, a political system that protects freedom of speech, thought, and belief must guarantee that citizens have access to information and the freedom to engage in societal dialogues. Restrictions on freedom of communication, media, and speech will inevitably undermine a country's democratic institutions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64575869,"asset_id":44210674,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34431288,"first_name":"Khalid","last_name":"Al-Jaber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrAlJaber","display_name":"Khalid J Al-Jaber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrAlJaber?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34431288/47583669/161812241/s65_khalid.al-jaber.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":29268,"name":"Press Freedom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Press_Freedom?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39999460" data-work_id="39999460" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39999460/Iran_Under_Pressure_Again_What_a_Fifty_Year_Old_Persian_Classic_Tells_Us_About_the_Country_s_Predicament_Today">Iran Under Pressure, Again: What a Fifty-Year-Old Persian Classic Tells Us About the Country’s Predicament Today</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">An essay about the classic Persian novel 'Savushun' and its relevance in terms of contemporary Iranian politics.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39999460" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac94c32cb4c07286f582523b4e791b3c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63811591,"asset_id":39999460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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Bekhrad","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/JoobinBekhrad?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42547782/11452213/44222039/s65_joobin.bekhrad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39999460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39999460"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39999460, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39999460", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39999460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39999460; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39999460"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1269" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_Literature">Persian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1269" type="text/json">{"id":1269,"name":"Persian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_Literature?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies">Iranian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5218" type="text/json">{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39999460]'), work: {"id":39999460,"title":"Iran Under Pressure, Again: What a Fifty-Year-Old Persian Classic Tells Us About the Country’s Predicament 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27634448" data-work_id="27634448" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27634448/Tabla_comparativa_de_los_pa%C3%ADses_del_Golfo_P%C3%A9rsico_y_la_Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ar%C3%A1biga">Tabla comparativa de los países del Golfo Pérsico y la Península Arábiga</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27634448" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li 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href="https://buap-mx.academia.edu/ErikaAnguiano">Erika Anguiano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51834950" type="text/json">{"id":51834950,"first_name":"Erika","last_name":"Anguiano","domain_name":"buap-mx","page_name":"ErikaAnguiano","display_name":"Erika Anguiano","profile_url":"https://buap-mx.academia.edu/ErikaAnguiano?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51834950/13719721/14842451/s65_erika.anguiano.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27634448 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27634448"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27634448, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27634448", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27634448 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27634448]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27634448").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27634448").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27634448"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics">Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5709" type="text/json">{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12739" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_World_War">Second World War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12739" type="text/json">{"id":12739,"name":"Second World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_World_War?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf">Arabian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14861" type="text/json">{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27634448]'), work: {"id":27634448,"title":"Tabla comparativa de los países del Golfo Pérsico y la Península Arábiga","created_at":"2016-08-08T17:40:12.523-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27634448/Tabla_comparativa_de_los_pa%C3%ADses_del_Golfo_P%C3%A9rsico_y_la_Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ar%C3%A1biga?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_27634448","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47899729,"asset_id":27634448,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51834950,"first_name":"Erika","last_name":"Anguiano","domain_name":"buap-mx","page_name":"ErikaAnguiano","display_name":"Erika Anguiano","profile_url":"https://buap-mx.academia.edu/ErikaAnguiano?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51834950/13719721/14842451/s65_erika.anguiano.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":12739,"name":"Second World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_World_War?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1076839" data-work_id="1076839" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1076839/Review_of_Elsheshtawy_Yasser_Dubai_Behind_an_Urban_Spectacle_London_Routledge_2010_294p">Review of: Elsheshtawy (Yasser), Dubai: Behind an Urban Spectacle, London, Routledge, 2010, 294p.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This book is an attempt to consider Dubai outside the dominant pictures and to shed light on  what <br />the author calls the « hidden urban spaces » this city is rich of.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1076839" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4bb96bcc1a6fd694d2f09900168f4f1" rel="nofollow" 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workId = 1076839; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1076839"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1076839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1076839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1076839; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1076839]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1076839").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1076839").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1076839"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies">Gulf Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2714" type="text/json">{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4808" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning">Urban Planning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4808" type="text/json">{"id":4808,"name":"Urban Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4850" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration">Migration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4850" type="text/json">{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1076839]'), work: {"id":1076839,"title":"Review of: Elsheshtawy (Yasser), Dubai: Behind an Urban Spectacle, London, 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":4808,"name":"Urban Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":7725,"name":"Urban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":9437,"name":"Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanism?f_ri=5347"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":16471,"name":"Sociology of Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Migration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":49550,"name":"Arab world","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_world?f_ri=5347"},{"id":52211,"name":"United Arab Emirates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Arab_Emirates?f_ri=5347"},{"id":177033,"name":"Emirates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emirates?f_ri=5347"},{"id":247497,"name":"Mike Davis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mike_Davis?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38356361" data-work_id="38356361" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38356361/Kamrava_Oil_and_Institutional_Stasis_in_the_Persian_Gulf_pdf">Kamrava-Oil and Institutional Stasis in the Persian Gulf.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Oil has seriously impacted the institutional development of the state in the Arabian Peninsula. More specifically, the sudden and unprecedented acquisition of massive oil revenues resulted in the freezing of the state’s formal and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38356361" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Oil has seriously impacted the institutional development of the state in the Arabian Peninsula. More specifically, the sudden and unprecedented acquisition of massive oil revenues resulted in the freezing of the state’s formal and informal institutions, at the point at which petrodollars were injected into the state’s coffers. From then on, state leaders were able to<br />deploy the state’s wealth to dictate the pace and direction of institutional change. Over time, any institutional change has been directed towards enhancing regime security, and the pace of change has been calculated and deliberately slow. Any political opening has been dictated by the logic of state power maximization (in relation to society). At the same time, partly to ensure its popular legitimacy and partly through the vision of its leaders, the state has deployed its massive wealth both to foster rapid economic and infrastructural development, and to enhance the living standards of its citizens. In other words, whereas oil may have stunted institutional development –– i.e., an institution’s curse –– it has been an economic blessing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38356361" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8cd255a1b6fa5ed505bb5df68a09417d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58409445,"asset_id":38356361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58409445/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="209660" href="https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/MehranKamrava">Mehran Kamrava</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="209660" type="text/json">{"id":209660,"first_name":"Mehran","last_name":"Kamrava","domain_name":"www1-georgetown","page_name":"MehranKamrava","display_name":"Mehran Kamrava","profile_url":"https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/MehranKamrava?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/209660/48472/29682925/s65_mehran.kamrava.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38356361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38356361"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38356361, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38356361", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38356361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38356361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38356361"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38356361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38356361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38356361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38356361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38356361").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38356361").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38356361"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="727" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics">Development Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="727" type="text/json">{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="750" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Economics">Institutional Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="750" type="text/json">{"id":750,"name":"Institutional Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Economics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38356361]'), work: {"id":38356361,"title":"Kamrava-Oil and Institutional Stasis in the Persian Gulf.pdf","created_at":"2019-02-14T19:23:50.975-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38356361/Kamrava_Oil_and_Institutional_Stasis_in_the_Persian_Gulf_pdf?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_38356361","summary":"Oil has seriously impacted the institutional development of the state in the Arabian Peninsula. More specifically, the sudden and unprecedented acquisition of massive oil revenues resulted in the freezing of the state’s formal and informal institutions, at the point at which petrodollars were injected into the state’s coffers. From then on, state leaders were able to\ndeploy the state’s wealth to dictate the pace and direction of institutional change. Over time, any institutional change has been directed towards enhancing regime security, and the pace of change has been calculated and deliberately slow. Any political opening has been dictated by the logic of state power maximization (in relation to society). At the same time, partly to ensure its popular legitimacy and partly through the vision of its leaders, the state has deployed its massive wealth both to foster rapid economic and infrastructural development, and to enhance the living standards of its citizens. 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Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=5347"},{"id":17331,"name":"Oil and gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_gas?f_ri=5347"},{"id":46065,"name":"Qatar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar?f_ri=5347"},{"id":52209,"name":"Kuwait","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kuwait?f_ri=5347"},{"id":58747,"name":"International political economy of oil and gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_political_economy_of_oil_and_gas?f_ri=5347"},{"id":63804,"name":"Institutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutions?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9333750" data-work_id="9333750" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9333750/Tales_from_the_India_Office">Tales from the India Office</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Access is free, without registration, and the entire site is navigable in English and Arabic.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7154617" href="https://soas-uk.academia.edu/LouisAllday">Louis Allday</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7154617" type="text/json">{"id":7154617,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Allday","domain_name":"soas-uk","page_name":"LouisAllday","display_name":"Louis Allday","profile_url":"https://soas-uk.academia.edu/LouisAllday?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7154617/3009134/3549119/s65_louis.allday.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9333750 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9333750"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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data-work-id="9333750"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9333750; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9333750]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9333750").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9333750").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9333750"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf">Arabian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14861" type="text/json">{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_India_Company">East India Company</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58559" type="text/json">{"id":58559,"name":"East India Company","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_India_Company?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9333750]'), work: {"id":9333750,"title":"Tales from the India Office","created_at":"2014-11-16T01:59:57.459-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9333750/Tales_from_the_India_Office?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_9333750","summary":"Access is free, without registration, and the entire site is navigable in English and Arabic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35591366,"asset_id":9333750,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7154617,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Allday","domain_name":"soas-uk","page_name":"LouisAllday","display_name":"Louis Allday","profile_url":"https://soas-uk.academia.edu/LouisAllday?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7154617/3009134/3549119/s65_louis.allday.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":58559,"name":"East India Company","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_India_Company?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39003512" data-work_id="39003512" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/39003512/The_Iberian_Union_and_the_Portuguese_Overseas_Empire_1600_1625_Ormuz_and_the_Persian_Gulf_in_the_Global_Politics_of_the_Hispanic_Monarchy">The Iberian Union and the Portuguese Overseas Empire, 1600-1625: Ormuz and the Persian Gulf in the Global Politics of the Hispanic Monarchy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article analyses how the Portuguese overseas empire was integrated into the global politics of the Catholic Monarchy. By studying the conflict of Ormuz in the period between 1600 and 1625 and by seeking parallels with other conflicts... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39003512" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article analyses how the Portuguese overseas empire was integrated into the global politics of the Catholic Monarchy. By studying the conflict of Ormuz in the period between 1600 and 1625 and by seeking parallels with other conflicts scattered throughout the different regions of the empire, it seeks to demonstrate that the evolution of the Portuguese overseas territories during the Iberian Union largely depended on the geopolitical priorities of Castile, something which contradicts the thesis of Portuguese political autonomy that historiography has long defended.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39003512" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="76468499" href="https://ual-pt.academia.edu/Gra%C3%A7aAlmeidaBorges">Graça Almeida Borges</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="76468499" type="text/json">{"id":76468499,"first_name":"Graça Almeida","last_name":"Borges","domain_name":"ual-pt","page_name":"GraçaAlmeidaBorges","display_name":"Graça Almeida Borges","profile_url":"https://ual-pt.academia.edu/Gra%C3%A7aAlmeidaBorges?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/76468499/20519917/96690460/s65_gra_a_almeida.borges.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39003512 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39003512"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39003512, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39003512", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39003512 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39003512; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39003512"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39003512 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39003512"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39003512; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39003512]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39003512").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39003512").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39003512"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies">Iberian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4154" type="text/json">{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20433" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire">History of the Portuguese Empire</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20433" type="text/json">{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="192626" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Monarchy">Spanish Monarchy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="192626" type="text/json">{"id":192626,"name":"Spanish Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Monarchy?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39003512]'), work: {"id":39003512,"title":"The Iberian Union and the Portuguese Overseas Empire, 1600-1625: Ormuz and the Persian Gulf in the Global Politics of the Hispanic Monarchy","created_at":"2019-05-02T10:21:00.805-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39003512/The_Iberian_Union_and_the_Portuguese_Overseas_Empire_1600_1625_Ormuz_and_the_Persian_Gulf_in_the_Global_Politics_of_the_Hispanic_Monarchy?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_39003512","summary":"This article analyses how the Portuguese overseas empire was integrated into the global politics of the Catholic Monarchy. By studying the conflict of Ormuz in the period between 1600 and 1625 and by seeking parallels with other conflicts scattered throughout the different regions of the empire, it seeks to demonstrate that the evolution of the Portuguese overseas territories during the Iberian Union largely depended on the geopolitical priorities of Castile, something which contradicts the thesis of Portuguese political autonomy that historiography has long defended.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":76468499,"first_name":"Graça Almeida","last_name":"Borges","domain_name":"ual-pt","page_name":"GraçaAlmeidaBorges","display_name":"Graça Almeida Borges","profile_url":"https://ual-pt.academia.edu/Gra%C3%A7aAlmeidaBorges?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/76468499/20519917/96690460/s65_gra_a_almeida.borges.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4154,"name":"Iberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":192626,"name":"Spanish Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Monarchy?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":1898955,"name":"Union of the Two Iberian Crowns (1580-1640)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Union_of_the_Two_Iberian_Crowns_1580-1640_?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1976145,"name":"History of Spanish Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Spanish_Monarchy?f_ri=5347"},{"id":2831621,"name":"Early Modern Spanish Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Spanish_Monarchy?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38204706 coauthored" data-work_id="38204706" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38204706/Causes_and_consequences_of_the_2017_coral_bleaching_event_in_the_southern_Persian_Arabian_Gulf">Causes and consequences of the 2017 coral bleaching event in the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Coral reefs of the Persian/Arabian Gulf were the last to succumb to the effects of the global-scale mass coral bleaching event that began in 2015. This study examines the causes and consequences of the 2017 bleaching event on eight reefs... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38204706" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Coral reefs of the Persian/Arabian Gulf were the last to succumb to the effects of the global-scale mass coral bleaching event that began in 2015. This study examines the causes and consequences of the 2017 bleaching event on eight reefs located across > 350 km of the southern basin of the Gulf. Using a combination of 5 yr (2013–2017) of reef-based temperature observations, local meteorological data and water column modeling, we show that 2017 was characterized by an extended period of mid-summer calm when winds rarely exceeded breeze conditions, reducing evaporative heat loss and inducing dramatic warming compared with non-bleaching years (2013–2016). Reef-bottom temperatures in the Gulf in 2017 were among the hottest on record, with mean daily maxima averaging 35.9 ± 0.1 °C across sites, with hourly temperatures reaching as high as 37.7 °C. Across the southern Gulf, corals spent nearly 2 months (mean 55.1 ± 3.9 d above bleaching temperatures and nearly 2 weeks above lethal temperatures (11.8 ± 2.4 d), substantially longer than in the non-bleaching years (2013–2016) and equating with 5.5 °C-weeks of thermal stress as degree heating weeks. As a result, 94.3% of corals bleached, and two-thirds of corals were lost to mortality between April and September 2017. Mortality continued after peak bleaching, and by April 2018 coral cover averaged just 7.5% across the southern basin, representing an overall loss of nearly three-quarters of coral (73%) in 1 yr. This mass mortality did not cause dramatic shifts in community composition as earlier bleaching events had removed most sensitive taxa. An exception was the already rare Acropora which were locally extirpated in summer 2017. Given the increasing frequency of mass bleaching in the Gulf and the above global rates of regional warming, the capacity for recovery and the prognosis for the future of Gulf reefs are not optimistic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38204706" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7b0d6fc7a223d22001affa3eac82f27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58243270,"asset_id":38204706,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58243270/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="78040621" href="https://nyuad.academia.edu/JohnBurt">John A Burt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="78040621" type="text/json">{"id":78040621,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Burt","domain_name":"nyuad","page_name":"JohnBurt","display_name":"John A Burt","profile_url":"https://nyuad.academia.edu/JohnBurt?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78040621/19215949/86804647/s65_john.burt.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38204706">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38204706"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nyuad.academia.edu/FrancescoPaparella">Francesco Paparella</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38204706'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38204706').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38204706 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38204706"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38204706, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38204706", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38204706 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38204706; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38204706"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38204706 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38204706"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38204706; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38204706]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38204706").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38204706").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38204706"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7807" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Reefs">Coral Reefs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7807" type="text/json">{"id":7807,"name":"Coral Reefs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Reefs?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14861" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf">Arabian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14861" type="text/json">{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72878" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Bleaching">Coral Bleaching</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="72878" type="text/json">{"id":72878,"name":"Coral Bleaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Bleaching?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38204706]'), work: {"id":38204706,"title":"Causes and consequences of the 2017 coral bleaching event in the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf","created_at":"2019-01-23T04:52:08.252-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38204706/Causes_and_consequences_of_the_2017_coral_bleaching_event_in_the_southern_Persian_Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_38204706","summary":"Coral reefs of the Persian/Arabian Gulf were the last to succumb to the effects of the global-scale mass coral bleaching event that began in 2015. This study examines the causes and consequences of the 2017 bleaching event on eight reefs located across \u003e 350 km of the southern basin of the Gulf. Using a combination of 5 yr (2013–2017) of reef-based temperature observations, local meteorological data and water column modeling, we show that 2017 was characterized by an extended period of mid-summer calm when winds rarely exceeded breeze conditions, reducing evaporative heat loss and inducing dramatic warming compared with non-bleaching years (2013–2016). Reef-bottom temperatures in the Gulf in 2017 were among the hottest on record, with mean daily maxima averaging 35.9 ± 0.1 °C across sites, with hourly temperatures reaching as high as 37.7 °C. Across the southern Gulf, corals spent nearly 2 months (mean 55.1 ± 3.9 d above bleaching temperatures and nearly 2 weeks above lethal temperatures (11.8 ± 2.4 d), substantially longer than in the non-bleaching years (2013–2016) and equating with 5.5 °C-weeks of thermal stress as degree heating weeks. As a result, 94.3% of corals bleached, and two-thirds of corals were lost to mortality between April and September 2017. Mortality continued after peak bleaching, and by April 2018 coral cover averaged just 7.5% across the southern basin, representing an overall loss of nearly three-quarters of coral (73%) in 1 yr. This mass mortality did not cause dramatic shifts in community composition as earlier bleaching events had removed most sensitive taxa. An exception was the already rare Acropora which were locally extirpated in summer 2017. Given the increasing frequency of mass bleaching in the Gulf and the above global rates of regional warming, the capacity for recovery and the prognosis for the future of Gulf reefs are not optimistic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58243270,"asset_id":38204706,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":78040621,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Burt","domain_name":"nyuad","page_name":"JohnBurt","display_name":"John A Burt","profile_url":"https://nyuad.academia.edu/JohnBurt?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78040621/19215949/86804647/s65_john.burt.jpg"},{"id":61791283,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Paparella","domain_name":"nyuad","page_name":"FrancescoPaparella","display_name":"Francesco Paparella","profile_url":"https://nyuad.academia.edu/FrancescoPaparella?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61791283/124377910/113734112/s65_francesco.paparella.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":7807,"name":"Coral Reefs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Reefs?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":72878,"name":"Coral Bleaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Bleaching?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":406850,"name":"Marine Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Environment?f_ri=5347"},{"id":3116664,"name":"Degree heating week","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Degree_heating_week?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34205591" data-work_id="34205591" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34205591/The_Flipside_of_the_Integration_Question_Guest_Worker_Regimes_and_Temporary_Circular_Managed_Migration_in_History">The Flipside of the Integration Question: Guest Worker Regimes and Temporary Circular-Managed Migration in History</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper focuses on the (re)emergence in the late twentieth century of a specific form of cross-border labour migration--viz. guest-work or circular/managed migration--that is designed to keep migrants from settling in receiving... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34205591" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper focuses on the (re)emergence in the late twentieth century of a specific form of cross-border labour migration--viz. guest-work or circular/managed migration--that is designed to keep migrants from settling in receiving countries. The paper is part of a larger project that situates this form of transnational work-mobility regimes within the larger historical debates over the slippery line between free labour and forced labour. Specifically, it traces the genealogy of guest-work, and makes some preliminary observations about the specificity of contemporary circular / managed migration as it becomes incrementally normalized as a desirable policy tool across the world.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34205591" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="36dff762f07a3eea576aab77968cb39d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54122406,"asset_id":34205591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54122406/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="783865" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/MahuaSarkar">Mahua Sarkar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="783865" type="text/json">{"id":783865,"first_name":"Mahua","last_name":"Sarkar","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"MahuaSarkar","display_name":"Mahua Sarkar","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/MahuaSarkar?f_ri=5347","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34205591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34205591"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34205591, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34205591", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34205591]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34205591").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34205591").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34205591"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">43</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="948" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Sociology">Historical Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="948" type="text/json">{"id":948,"name":"Historical Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Sociology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences">Social Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1237" type="text/json">{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34205591]'), work: {"id":34205591,"title":"The Flipside of the Integration Question: Guest Worker Regimes and Temporary Circular-Managed Migration in History","created_at":"2017-08-11T19:01:14.903-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34205591/The_Flipside_of_the_Integration_Question_Guest_Worker_Regimes_and_Temporary_Circular_Managed_Migration_in_History?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_34205591","summary":"The paper focuses on the (re)emergence in the late twentieth century of a specific form of cross-border labour migration--viz. guest-work or circular/managed migration--that is designed to keep migrants from settling in receiving countries. The paper is part of a larger project that situates this form of transnational work-mobility regimes within the larger historical debates over the slippery line between free labour and forced labour. Specifically, it traces the genealogy of guest-work, and makes some preliminary observations about the specificity of contemporary circular / managed migration as it becomes incrementally normalized as a desirable policy tool across the world.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54122406,"asset_id":34205591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":783865,"first_name":"Mahua","last_name":"Sarkar","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"MahuaSarkar","display_name":"Mahua Sarkar","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/MahuaSarkar?f_ri=5347","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":948,"name":"Historical 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Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":15264,"name":"Work and Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_and_Labour?f_ri=5347"},{"id":15265,"name":"Global and Comparative Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_and_Comparative_Sociology?f_ri=5347"},{"id":16472,"name":"Transnational migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_migration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":18895,"name":"Bangladesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bangladesh?f_ri=5347"},{"id":19051,"name":"Transnational Labour Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Labour_Migration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":19415,"name":"Labor History and Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_History_and_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":30151,"name":"Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis?f_ri=5347"},{"id":30517,"name":"Comparative and historical sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_and_historical_sociology?f_ri=5347"},{"id":33831,"name":"History of Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Migration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":43965,"name":"Malaysian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysian_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":50576,"name":"Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germany?f_ri=5347"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":97643,"name":"South East Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_East_Asian_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=5347"},{"id":125387,"name":"Normalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normalization?f_ri=5347"},{"id":199120,"name":"Gastarbeiter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastarbeiter?f_ri=5347"},{"id":214505,"name":"Circular Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circular_Migration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":223243,"name":"History of Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Work?f_ri=5347"},{"id":256613,"name":"Migration Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Policy?f_ri=5347"},{"id":359859,"name":"Guest worker","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guest_worker?f_ri=5347"},{"id":383222,"name":"Historical and Comparative Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_and_Comparative_Sociology?f_ri=5347"},{"id":575856,"name":"Global Labour History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Labour_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":911380,"name":"Guest Worker Programs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guest_Worker_Programs?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1382577,"name":"Managed Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Managed_Migration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1791829,"name":"Politics of Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Migration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1834216,"name":"Contract Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Labour?f_ri=5347"},{"id":2054709,"name":"Policy Tools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Tools?f_ri=5347"},{"id":2557881,"name":"Circular Labour Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circular_Labour_Migration?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66021045" data-work_id="66021045" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66021045/Warum_die_arabischen_Staaten_Milliarden_in_den_Sport_investieren">Warum die arabischen Staaten Milliarden in den Sport investieren</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Länder wie Qatar behaupten, mit ihren Investitionen nicht von den Menschenrechtsverstößen abzulenken. Der Begriff des „Sportswashing“ reicht nicht mehr aus. Es geht ihnen um viel mehr.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66021045" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55931416ba281687ef759fa4eb1bc04b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77373372,"asset_id":66021045,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77373372/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18878114" href="https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/DanyelReiche">Danyel Reiche</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18878114" type="text/json">{"id":18878114,"first_name":"Danyel","last_name":"Reiche","domain_name":"www1-georgetown","page_name":"DanyelReiche","display_name":"Danyel Reiche","profile_url":"https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/DanyelReiche?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18878114/5464066/57165805/s65_danyel.reiche.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66021045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66021045"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66021045, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66021045", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66021045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66021045; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66021045"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66021045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66021045"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66021045; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66021045]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66021045").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66021045").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66021045"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Football_soccer_">Football (soccer)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1470" type="text/json">{"id":1470,"name":"Football (soccer)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Football_soccer_?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies">Gulf Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2714" type="text/json">{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66021045]'), work: {"id":66021045,"title":"Warum die arabischen Staaten Milliarden in den Sport investieren","created_at":"2021-12-26T06:28:41.088-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66021045/Warum_die_arabischen_Staaten_Milliarden_in_den_Sport_investieren?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_66021045","summary":"Länder wie Qatar behaupten, mit ihren Investitionen nicht von den Menschenrechtsverstößen abzulenken. Der Begriff des „Sportswashing“ reicht nicht mehr aus. Es geht ihnen um viel mehr.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77373372,"asset_id":66021045,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18878114,"first_name":"Danyel","last_name":"Reiche","domain_name":"www1-georgetown","page_name":"DanyelReiche","display_name":"Danyel Reiche","profile_url":"https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/DanyelReiche?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18878114/5464066/57165805/s65_danyel.reiche.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1470,"name":"Football (soccer)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Football_soccer_?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":46065,"name":"Qatar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40353311 coauthored" data-work_id="40353311" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40353311/Troubled_Waters_Insecurity_in_the_Persian_Gulf">Troubled Waters: Insecurity in the Persian Gulf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book looks at four dynamics in the Persian Gulf that have contributed to making the region one of the most volatile and tension-filled spots in the world. Mehran Kamrava identifies the four dynamics as: the neglect of human... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40353311" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book looks at four dynamics in the Persian Gulf that have contributed to making the region one of the most volatile and tension-filled spots in the world. Mehran Kamrava identifies the four dynamics as: the neglect of human dimensions of security; the inherent instability involved in reliance on the United States and the exclusion of Iraq and Iran; the international and security policies pursued by inside and outside actors; and a suite of overlapping security dilemmas. These four factors combine and interact to generate long-term volatility and ongoing tensions within the Persian Gulf. Through insights from Kamrava’s interviews with Gulf elites into policy decisions, the consequences of security dilemmas, the priorities of local players, and the neglect of identity and religion, Troubled Waters examines the root causes of conflicts and crises that are currently unfolding in the region. As Kamrava demonstrates, each state in the region, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Qatar, has embarked on vigorous security-producing efforts as part of foreign policy, flooding the area with more munitions—thereby increasing insecurity and causing more mistrust in a part of the world that needs no more tension.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40353311" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd2aacb6dcac91604fc3b2df17a9a702" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60598791,"asset_id":40353311,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60598791/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3572555" href="https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS">Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3572555" type="text/json">{"id":3572555,"first_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies","last_name":"(CIRS)","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3572555/1238662/35132689/s65_center_for_international_and_regional_studies._cirs_.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40353311">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40353311"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/MehranKamrava">Mehran Kamrava</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40353311'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40353311').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40353311 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40353311"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40353311; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40353311]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40353311").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40353311").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40353311"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1483" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis">Foreign Policy Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1483" type="text/json">{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies">Gulf Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2714" type="text/json">{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies">Iranian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5218" type="text/json">{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40353311]'), work: {"id":40353311,"title":"Troubled Waters: Insecurity in the Persian Gulf","created_at":"2019-09-14T23:51:10.658-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40353311/Troubled_Waters_Insecurity_in_the_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_40353311","summary":"This book looks at four dynamics in the Persian Gulf that have contributed to making the region one of the most volatile and tension-filled spots in the world. Mehran Kamrava identifies the four dynamics as: the neglect of human dimensions of security; the inherent instability involved in reliance on the United States and the exclusion of Iraq and Iran; the international and security policies pursued by inside and outside actors; and a suite of overlapping security dilemmas. These four factors combine and interact to generate long-term volatility and ongoing tensions within the Persian Gulf. Through insights from Kamrava’s interviews with Gulf elites into policy decisions, the consequences of security dilemmas, the priorities of local players, and the neglect of identity and religion, Troubled Waters examines the root causes of conflicts and crises that are currently unfolding in the region. As Kamrava demonstrates, each state in the region, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Qatar, has embarked on vigorous security-producing efforts as part of foreign policy, flooding the area with more munitions—thereby increasing insecurity and causing more mistrust in a part of the world that needs no more tension.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60598791,"asset_id":40353311,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3572555,"first_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies","last_name":"(CIRS)","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3572555/1238662/35132689/s65_center_for_international_and_regional_studies._cirs_.jpg"},{"id":209660,"first_name":"Mehran","last_name":"Kamrava","domain_name":"www1-georgetown","page_name":"MehranKamrava","display_name":"Mehran Kamrava","profile_url":"https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/MehranKamrava?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/209660/48472/29682925/s65_mehran.kamrava.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":6707,"name":"Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy?f_ri=5347"},{"id":9569,"name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=5347"},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":26763,"name":"Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":36486,"name":"Security Dilemma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Dilemma?f_ri=5347"},{"id":36585,"name":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia?f_ri=5347"},{"id":46065,"name":"Qatar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar?f_ri=5347"},{"id":59129,"name":"Gulf Cooperation Council","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Cooperation_Council?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":113362,"name":"Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":334402,"name":"Mediation and Qatari foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediation_and_Qatari_foreign_policy?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1293778,"name":"Persian Gulf Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_Gulf_Security?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14111006" data-work_id="14111006" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14111006/Khomeinis_Foreign_Policy_Discourse_Ideology_Strategy_and_Diplomacy_in_persian_parsi_">Khomeini's Foreign Policy Discourse (Ideology, Strategy and Diplomacy) (in persian/ parsi)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">چارچوبی تبیینی برای تحلیل گفتمان سیاست¬خارجی امام خمینی (ایدئولوژی، استراتژی و دیپلماسی) Abstract: After the Islamic revolution and the rise of the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran over the Persian Gulf and the Middle East, a new... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14111006" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">چارچوبی تبیینی برای تحلیل گفتمان سیاست¬خارجی امام خمینی<br />(ایدئولوژی، استراتژی و دیپلماسی)<br /><br /><br />Abstract:<br />After the Islamic revolution and the rise of the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran over the Persian Gulf and the Middle East, a new wave of ideas and opinions entered Iran's foreign policy domain and the international relations structure. The principles and concepts of this revolution and the newly emerged political system are generally affected by Imam Khomeini's thought and action as its ideologue and leader. This article questions the semiotic structure and articulatory system of Imam Khomeini’s foreign policy is about giving a descriptive framework for analyzing it. According to the hypothesis, from the writers' viewpoint, the articulating system of his foreign policy discourse is describeable in a three-dimentional framework of ideology, strategy and diplomacy. Ideology beholds some principles and belief-related standards that generally nurture from Islam's revolutionary-critical source. Strategy involves the security-based calculations and the hardware policy. Moreover, diplomacy includes the accepted diagrams of conversation and negotiation for achieving national interests. The results of this discourse are represented in propositions that are based on concepts of the revolutionary-critical, pragmatic-realist, and prudent-modernist Islam.<br /><br /> <br />Key words: <br />The Foreign Policy of the I.R of Iran, Ideology, Strategy, Diplomacy, Imam Khomeini.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14111006" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f56fb1680442e5b00702a88a36d9fc0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38206958,"asset_id":14111006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38206958/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15768119" href="https://sbu-ir.academia.edu/amirrezaeipanah">Amir Rezaeipanah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15768119" type="text/json">{"id":15768119,"first_name":"Amir","last_name":"Rezaeipanah","domain_name":"sbu-ir","page_name":"amirrezaeipanah","display_name":"Amir Rezaeipanah","profile_url":"https://sbu-ir.academia.edu/amirrezaeipanah?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15768119/4261366/35077924/s65_amir.rezaeipanah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14111006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14111006"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14111006, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14111006", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14111006]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14111006").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14111006").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14111006"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5780" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology">Ideology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5780" type="text/json">{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9707" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9707" type="text/json">{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology_and_Discourse_Analysis">Ideology and Discourse Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18640" type="text/json">{"id":18640,"name":"Ideology and Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology_and_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14111006]'), work: {"id":14111006,"title":"Khomeini's Foreign Policy Discourse (Ideology, Strategy and Diplomacy) (in persian/ parsi)","created_at":"2015-07-16T05:47:04.182-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14111006/Khomeinis_Foreign_Policy_Discourse_Ideology_Strategy_and_Diplomacy_in_persian_parsi_?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_14111006","summary":"چارچوبی تبیینی برای تحلیل گفتمان سیاست¬خارجی امام خمینی\n(ایدئولوژی، استراتژی و دیپلماسی)\n\n\nAbstract:\nAfter the Islamic revolution and the rise of the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran over the Persian Gulf and the Middle East, a new wave of ideas and opinions entered Iran's foreign policy domain and the international relations structure. The principles and concepts of this revolution and the newly emerged political system are generally affected by Imam Khomeini's thought and action as its ideologue and leader. This article questions the semiotic structure and articulatory system of Imam Khomeini’s foreign policy is about giving a descriptive framework for analyzing it. According to the hypothesis, from the writers' viewpoint, the articulating system of his foreign policy discourse is describeable in a three-dimentional framework of ideology, strategy and diplomacy. Ideology beholds some principles and belief-related standards that generally nurture from Islam's revolutionary-critical source. Strategy involves the security-based calculations and the hardware policy. Moreover, diplomacy includes the accepted diagrams of conversation and negotiation for achieving national interests. The results of this discourse are represented in propositions that are based on concepts of the revolutionary-critical, pragmatic-realist, and prudent-modernist Islam.\n\n \nKey words: \nThe Foreign Policy of the I.R of Iran, Ideology, Strategy, Diplomacy, Imam Khomeini. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38206958,"asset_id":14111006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15768119,"first_name":"Amir","last_name":"Rezaeipanah","domain_name":"sbu-ir","page_name":"amirrezaeipanah","display_name":"Amir Rezaeipanah","profile_url":"https://sbu-ir.academia.edu/amirrezaeipanah?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15768119/4261366/35077924/s65_amir.rezaeipanah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":18640,"name":"Ideology and Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology_and_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":22292,"name":"Political Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ideology?f_ri=5347"},{"id":26763,"name":"Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy?f_ri=5347"},{"id":105460,"name":"Iranian Islamic Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Islamic_Revolution?f_ri=5347"},{"id":216864,"name":"Islamic Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Revolution?f_ri=5347"},{"id":313371,"name":"Diplomacy and international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy_and_international_relations?f_ri=5347"},{"id":525559,"name":"Islamic republic of Iran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_republic_of_Iran?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1148958,"name":"IMAM KHOMEINI AND THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION OF IRAN IN 1979","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IMAM_KHOMEINI_AND_THE_ISLAMIC_REVOLUTION_OF_IRAN_IN_1979?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44232039" data-work_id="44232039" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44232039/Evolving_Political_News_Systems_in_the_Arab_Gulf_States">Evolving Political News Systems in the Arab Gulf States</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44232039" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a700c99de887b4d6ee141bbb6e717c78" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64601538,"asset_id":44232039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64601538/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34431288" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrAlJaber">Khalid J Al-Jaber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34431288" type="text/json">{"id":34431288,"first_name":"Khalid","last_name":"Al-Jaber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrAlJaber","display_name":"Khalid J Al-Jaber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrAlJaber?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34431288/47583669/161812241/s65_khalid.al-jaber.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44232039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44232039"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44232039, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44232039", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44232039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44232039; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44232039"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44232039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44232039"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44232039; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44232039]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44232039").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44232039").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44232039"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies">Gulf Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2714" type="text/json">{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44232039]'), work: {"id":44232039,"title":"Evolving Political News Systems in the Arab Gulf States","created_at":"2020-10-05T06:44:56.483-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44232039/Evolving_Political_News_Systems_in_the_Arab_Gulf_States?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_44232039","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64601538,"asset_id":44232039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34431288,"first_name":"Khalid","last_name":"Al-Jaber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrAlJaber","display_name":"Khalid J Al-Jaber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrAlJaber?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34431288/47583669/161812241/s65_khalid.al-jaber.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":59129,"name":"Gulf Cooperation Council","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Cooperation_Council?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34603253" data-work_id="34603253" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34603253/China_Japan_interaction_in_the_Middle_East_a_battleground_of_Japans_remilitarization">China–Japan interaction in the Middle East: a battleground of Japan's remilitarization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As most studies on Middle EastEast Asian relations focus on the interregional dimension, the manner in which relations between East Asian powers influence, and are influenced by, their policies in the Middle East are largely overlooked.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34603253" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As most studies on Middle EastEast Asian relations focus on the interregional dimension, the manner in which relations between East Asian powers influence, and are influenced by, their policies in the Middle East are largely overlooked. Attempting to add another layer to the study of Sino-Japanese relations, this article explores whether Sino-Japanese rivalry extends to the Middle East. This undertaking requires a<br />conceptual distinction between measures related to Sino-Japanese competition in the Middle East and measures which are related to their rivalry. Building on a minimal definition of interstate rivalry, the article argues that neither the effort to secure energy supply nor their economic or political competition there is shaped by their rivalry. The only field that can be associated with that rivalry is Japan’s quasi-military activity in the Middle East, which may enhance its security policy’s revision. That, in turn, causes much concern and criticism in Beijing, thus assigning the region a certain role in their relations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34603253" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a79d2f31b504b96aa9b6ebdf53623923" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57298777,"asset_id":34603253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57298777/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25387429" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/YEvron">Yoram Evron</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25387429" type="text/json">{"id":25387429,"first_name":"Yoram","last_name":"Evron","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"YEvron","display_name":"Yoram Evron","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/YEvron?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25387429/6924581/19201738/s65_yoram.evron.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34603253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34603253"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34603253, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34603253", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34603253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34603253; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34603253"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34603253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34603253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34603253; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34603253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34603253").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34603253").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34603253"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17158" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan">Japan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17158" type="text/json">{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_China">Contemporary China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24550" type="text/json">{"id":24550,"name":"Contemporary China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_China?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38204" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinas_foreign_policy">China's foreign policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38204" type="text/json">{"id":38204,"name":"China's foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinas_foreign_policy?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34603253]'), work: {"id":34603253,"title":"China–Japan interaction in the Middle East: a battleground of Japan's remilitarization","created_at":"2017-09-18T22:12:16.331-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34603253/China_Japan_interaction_in_the_Middle_East_a_battleground_of_Japans_remilitarization?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_34603253","summary":"As most studies on Middle East\u0001East Asian relations focus on the interregional dimension, the manner in which relations between East Asian powers influence, and are influenced by, their policies in the Middle East are largely overlooked. Attempting to add another layer to the study of Sino-Japanese relations, this article explores whether Sino-Japanese rivalry extends to the Middle East. This undertaking requires a\nconceptual distinction between measures related to Sino-Japanese competition in the Middle East and measures which are related to their rivalry. Building on a minimal definition of interstate rivalry, the article argues that neither the effort to secure energy supply nor their economic or political competition there is shaped by their rivalry. The only field that can be associated with that rivalry is Japan’s quasi-military activity in the Middle East, which may enhance its security policy’s revision. That, in turn, causes much concern and criticism in Beijing, thus assigning the region a certain role in their relations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57298777,"asset_id":34603253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25387429,"first_name":"Yoram","last_name":"Evron","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"YEvron","display_name":"Yoram Evron","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/YEvron?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25387429/6924581/19201738/s65_yoram.evron.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":24550,"name":"Contemporary China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_China?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":38204,"name":"China's foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinas_foreign_policy?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East?f_ri=5347"},{"id":455328,"name":"Japan-China relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan-China_relations?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1243459,"name":"Japanese Foreign and Defense Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Foreign_and_Defense_Policy?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10425966" data-work_id="10425966" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10425966/The_Rise_of_Houthism_in_the_Happy_Yemen_">The Rise of Houthism in the "Happy Yemen"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Yemen, is the birth place and hub for a number of monotheistic religious convictions . In its North West region, just 243 kilometers away from San'aa, the official capital of the Republic of Yemen , lies a spiritual center, a holy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10425966" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Yemen, is the birth place and hub for a number of monotheistic religious convictions . In its North West region, just 243 kilometers away from San'aa, the official capital of the Republic of Yemen , lies a spiritual center, a holy metropolis known as Saa'da  . <br />It is to Zaidi Islam as Qum is to Shia Islam and Mecca is to Sunni Islam. It is where the scholars dwell, to read, learn and teach their disciples to carry on the doctrine and preserve the faith throughout history. <br />It is here that the Houthi phenomenon first appeared. <br />This study focuses on the very beginnings of Houthism as a phenomenon, it's source and affiliations. It is but the first part of a series of papers that will delve into the movement as it expands over time.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10425966" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81c09f348b828ce0755d81d695ebd847" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36471016,"asset_id":10425966,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36471016/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9915108" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NancyJamal">Nancy Jamal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9915108" type="text/json">{"id":9915108,"first_name":"Nancy","last_name":"Jamal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NancyJamal","display_name":"Nancy Jamal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NancyJamal?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9915108/3080009/3623430/s65_nancy.jamal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10425966 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10425966"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10425966, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10425966", }); 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In its North West region, just 243 kilometers away from San'aa, the official capital of the Republic of Yemen , lies a spiritual center, a holy metropolis known as Saa'da . \r\nIt is to Zaidi Islam as Qum is to Shia Islam and Mecca is to Sunni Islam. It is where the scholars dwell, to read, learn and teach their disciples to carry on the doctrine and preserve the faith throughout history. \r\nIt is here that the Houthi phenomenon first appeared.\r\nThis study focuses on the very beginnings of Houthism as a phenomenon, it's source and affiliations. It is but the first part of a series of papers that will delve into the movement as it expands over time. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36471016,"asset_id":10425966,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9915108,"first_name":"Nancy","last_name":"Jamal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NancyJamal","display_name":"Nancy Jamal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NancyJamal?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9915108/3080009/3623430/s65_nancy.jamal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2714,"name":"Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=5347"},{"id":4370,"name":"Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity 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Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish-Christian-Muslim_relations_in_the_Middle_Ages?f_ri=5347"},{"id":61620,"name":"National Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Security?f_ri=5347"},{"id":70824,"name":"Mutazila","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutazila?f_ri=5347"},{"id":71025,"name":"Yemen Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemen_Ethnography?f_ri=5347"},{"id":71033,"name":"Yemen Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemen_Development?f_ri=5347"},{"id":71039,"name":"Yemen History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemen_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":79241,"name":"Advanced Persistent Threats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced_Persistent_Threats?f_ri=5347"},{"id":81285,"name":"Zaydism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zaydism?f_ri=5347"},{"id":81298,"name":"Zaydites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zaydites?f_ri=5347"},{"id":81303,"name":"Zaydiyya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zaydiyya?f_ri=5347"},{"id":83981,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":121508,"name":"Jews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jews?f_ri=5347"},{"id":124225,"name":"Iran nuclear program","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran_nuclear_program?f_ri=5347"},{"id":126977,"name":"Middle-Eastern Politics \u0026 History, War Studies, Intelligence and Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle-Eastern_Politics_and_History_War_Studies_Intelligence_and_Security_Studies?f_ri=5347"},{"id":137745,"name":"Yemen War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemen_War?f_ri=5347"},{"id":151110,"name":"History of Shia Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Shia_Islam?f_ri=5347"},{"id":301528,"name":"Zaidi Shiite History, Pre-Islamic Arabia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zaidi_Shiite_History_Pre-Islamic_Arabia?f_ri=5347"},{"id":307802,"name":"Saudi Arabian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saudi_Arabian_History?f_ri=5347"},{"id":321024,"name":"Houthi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Houthi?f_ri=5347"},{"id":380240,"name":"Shi`a, Zaydis in Yemen, Zaydi leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shia_Zaydis_in_Yemen_Zaydi_leadership?f_ri=5347"},{"id":391715,"name":"Ethnicity and National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity_and_National_Identity?f_ri=5347"},{"id":597180,"name":"Yemen politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemen_politics?f_ri=5347"},{"id":648628,"name":"Yemenite Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemenite_Judaism?f_ri=5347"},{"id":967903,"name":"History of Religous Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religous_Thought?f_ri=5347"},{"id":979535,"name":"Arab Gulf Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_Gulf_Politics?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1002654,"name":"Jews In Islamic Lands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jews_In_Islamic_Lands?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1795545,"name":"Zaidi Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zaidi_Thought?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_534464" data-work_id="534464" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/534464/Religion_in_a_Political_Context_The_Case_of_the_Kingdom_of_Bahrain">Religion in a Political Context: The Case of the Kingdom of Bahrain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/534464" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f137402fc6f627be332dc8dda1aa6fc" rel="nofollow" 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$('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=534464]'), work: {"id":534464,"title":"Religion in a Political Context: The Case of the Kingdom of Bahrain","created_at":"2011-04-17T17:26:18.341-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/534464/Religion_in_a_Political_Context_The_Case_of_the_Kingdom_of_Bahrain?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_534464","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4151353,"asset_id":534464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":405505,"first_name":"Magdalena","last_name":"Karolak","domain_name":"zayed","page_name":"MagdalenaKarolak","display_name":"Magdalena Karolak","profile_url":"https://zayed.academia.edu/MagdalenaKarolak?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/405505/2172899/2548176/s65_magdalena.karolak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10299543" data-work_id="10299543" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10299543/Realism_in_Practice_the_Underlying_Logic_of_Brinkmanship">Realism in Practice: the Underlying Logic of Brinkmanship</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The foreign policy of The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereinafter referred to as Iran) can be explained most convincingly by realist theory. Although other theories may have seemed to offer insight into Iran’s foreign policy decisions and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10299543" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The foreign policy of The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereinafter referred to as Iran) can be explained most convincingly by realist theory. Although other theories may have seemed to offer insight into Iran’s foreign policy decisions and behavior following the Islamic Revolution in 1979, they are inferior in their contemporary explanatory power. This paper contends Iranian state behavior since 1979 has moved from one guided primarily by Islamic revolutionary zeal that, over time, has yielded to the power realities with which most modern states must contend. Specifically, Iran’s choices and consequent actions thirty-three years hence reveal realist proclivities, while simultaneously maintaining the rhetoric of Islamic revolutionary appeal for domestic (and transnational) consumption. Further, where threatening public pronouncements raise the specter of an irrational regime seeking nuclear weapons, it is far from certain to be so. At the core, such inflammatory rhetoric is more apt to be the product of efforts toward domestic power consolidation coupled with a public relations campaign, which seeks support in the form of ideological consonance abroad. The net result seems to be an effort directed at state survival and power maximization in the face of a self-perceived security deficit.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10299543" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f87a58f5e3bae040ebf2be8e16cc578" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36375315,"asset_id":10299543,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36375315/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6599114" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/DavidFirester">David Firester</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6599114" type="text/json">{"id":6599114,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Firester","domain_name":"gc-cuny","page_name":"DavidFirester","display_name":"David Firester","profile_url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/DavidFirester?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6599114/2627566/3052569/s65_david.firester.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10299543 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10299543"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10299543, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10299543", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10299543]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10299543").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10299543").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10299543"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1483" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis">Foreign Policy Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1483" type="text/json">{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons">Nuclear Weapons</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4507" type="text/json">{"id":4507,"name":"Nuclear Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies">Iranian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5218" type="text/json">{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10299543]'), work: {"id":10299543,"title":"Realism in Practice: the Underlying Logic of Brinkmanship","created_at":"2015-01-23T07:57:28.657-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10299543/Realism_in_Practice_the_Underlying_Logic_of_Brinkmanship?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_10299543","summary":"The foreign policy of The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereinafter referred to as Iran) can be explained most convincingly by realist theory. Although other theories may have seemed to offer insight into Iran’s foreign policy decisions and behavior following the Islamic Revolution in 1979, they are inferior in their contemporary explanatory power. This paper contends Iranian state behavior since 1979 has moved from one guided primarily by Islamic revolutionary zeal that, over time, has yielded to the power realities with which most modern states must contend. Specifically, Iran’s choices and consequent actions thirty-three years hence reveal realist proclivities, while simultaneously maintaining the rhetoric of Islamic revolutionary appeal for domestic (and transnational) consumption. Further, where threatening public pronouncements raise the specter of an irrational regime seeking nuclear weapons, it is far from certain to be so. At the core, such inflammatory rhetoric is more apt to be the product of efforts toward domestic power consolidation coupled with a public relations campaign, which seeks support in the form of ideological consonance abroad. The net result seems to be an effort directed at state survival and power maximization in the face of a self-perceived security deficit.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36375315,"asset_id":10299543,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6599114,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Firester","domain_name":"gc-cuny","page_name":"DavidFirester","display_name":"David Firester","profile_url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/DavidFirester?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6599114/2627566/3052569/s65_david.firester.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":4507,"name":"Nuclear Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":124225,"name":"Iran nuclear program","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran_nuclear_program?f_ri=5347"},{"id":842223,"name":"Iran Nuclear Terrorism CBRN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran_Nuclear_Terrorism_CBRN?f_ri=5347"},{"id":859807,"name":"Comparative Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1784665,"name":"Brinkmanship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brinkmanship?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40325647 coauthored" data-work_id="40325647" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40325647/Qatar_Small_State_Big_Politics">Qatar: Small State, Big Politics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Persian Gulf state of Qatar has fewer than 2 million inhabitants, virtually no potable water, and has been an independent nation only since 1971. Yet its enormous oil and gas wealth has permitted the ruling Al Thani family to exert a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40325647" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Persian Gulf state of Qatar has fewer than 2 million inhabitants, virtually no potable water, and has been an independent nation only since 1971. Yet its enormous oil and gas wealth has permitted the ruling Al Thani family to exert a disproportionately large influence on regional and even international politics. Qatar is, as Mehran Kamrava explains in this knowledgeable and incisive account of the emirate, a "tiny giant."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40325647" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9339f18c17c6d0fbfb16d3fce618d98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60568533,"asset_id":40325647,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60568533/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3572555" href="https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS">Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3572555" type="text/json">{"id":3572555,"first_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies","last_name":"(CIRS)","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3572555/1238662/35132689/s65_center_for_international_and_regional_studies._cirs_.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40325647">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40325647"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/MehranKamrava">Mehran Kamrava</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40325647'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40325647').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40325647 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40325647"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40325647; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40325647]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40325647").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40325647").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40325647"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics">Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5709" type="text/json">{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46065" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar">Qatar</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46065" type="text/json">{"id":46065,"name":"Qatar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40325647]'), work: {"id":40325647,"title":"Qatar: Small State, Big Politics","created_at":"2019-09-12T02:16:12.566-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40325647/Qatar_Small_State_Big_Politics?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_40325647","summary":"The Persian Gulf state of Qatar has fewer than 2 million inhabitants, virtually no potable water, and has been an independent nation only since 1971. Yet its enormous oil and gas wealth has permitted the ruling Al Thani family to exert a disproportionately large influence on regional and even international politics. Qatar is, as Mehran Kamrava explains in this knowledgeable and incisive account of the emirate, a \"tiny giant.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60568533,"asset_id":40325647,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3572555,"first_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies","last_name":"(CIRS)","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3572555/1238662/35132689/s65_center_for_international_and_regional_studies._cirs_.jpg"},{"id":209660,"first_name":"Mehran","last_name":"Kamrava","domain_name":"www1-georgetown","page_name":"MehranKamrava","display_name":"Mehran Kamrava","profile_url":"https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/MehranKamrava?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/209660/48472/29682925/s65_mehran.kamrava.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":46065,"name":"Qatar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":334402,"name":"Mediation and Qatari foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediation_and_Qatari_foreign_policy?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18200143" data-work_id="18200143" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18200143/Kuwaits_Diwaniyyas_Dislocation_and_Dissent_in_an_Urban_Gulf_Society">Kuwait's Diwaniyyas: Dislocation and Dissent in an Urban Gulf Society</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18200143" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24d2ae670f5bb04d1483a5155a5a76b3" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":33476310,"first_name":"Clemens","last_name":"Chay","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"ClemensChay","display_name":"Clemens Chay","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/ClemensChay?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33476310/10123079/30956664/s65_clemens.chay.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18200143 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18200143"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18200143, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18200143", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18200143 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function 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Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences">Social Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1237" type="text/json">{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18200143]'), work: {"id":18200143,"title":"Kuwait's Diwaniyyas: 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work_11718579" data-work_id="11718579" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11718579/Za%C5%82o%C5%BCenia_doktryny_wojskowej_Islamskiej_Republiki_Iranu">Założenia doktryny wojskowej Islamskiej Republiki Iranu</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Doktryna wojskowa Islamskiej Republiki Iranu zakłada wykorzystanie sił zbrojnych – tych konwencjonalnych (Artesz), jak również strażników rewolucji (Sepah) – przede wszystkim do wojny obronnej, która opierałaby się na zmasowanych,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11718579" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Doktryna wojskowa Islamskiej Republiki Iranu zakłada wykorzystanie sił zbrojnych – tych konwencjonalnych (Artesz), jak również strażników rewolucji (Sepah) – przede wszystkim do wojny obronnej, która opierałaby się na zmasowanych, nieregularnych działaniach zaczepnych i partyzanckich setek tysięcy gotowych na śmierć szahidów – świętych męczenników. Elementem ofensywnym byłby atak rakietowy na wojskowe i cywilne obiekty w regionie, a także wojna minowa i wykorzystanie organizacji sojuszniczych celem destabilizacji regionu i blokady Cieśniny Ormuz.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11718579" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="968a4f18a4c1fc3800db0f878d4e6c6c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37155789,"asset_id":11718579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37155789/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3958910" href="https://unilodz.academia.edu/RobertCzulda">Robert Czulda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3958910" type="text/json">{"id":3958910,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Czulda","domain_name":"unilodz","page_name":"RobertCzulda","display_name":"Robert Czulda","profile_url":"https://unilodz.academia.edu/RobertCzulda?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3958910/1486146/2655286/s65_robert.czulda.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11718579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11718579"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11718579, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11718579", }); 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Elementem ofensywnym byłby atak rakietowy na wojskowe i cywilne obiekty w regionie, a także wojna minowa i wykorzystanie organizacji sojuszniczych celem destabilizacji regionu i blokady Cieśniny Ormuz.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37155789,"asset_id":11718579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3958910,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Czulda","domain_name":"unilodz","page_name":"RobertCzulda","display_name":"Robert Czulda","profile_url":"https://unilodz.academia.edu/RobertCzulda?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3958910/1486146/2655286/s65_robert.czulda.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":42220,"name":"Iran security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran_security?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":83982,"name":"Security of the Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_of_the_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30385791" data-work_id="30385791" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30385791/When_Mr_Rickett_Came_To_Sharjah_2016_">When Mr Rickett Came To Sharjah (2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In certain accounts of the early history of oil on the Trucial Coast, there are intriguing references to the visit of a mysterious Englishman to Sharjah in October 1936. His arrival set alarm bells ringing in the office of the Political... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30385791" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In certain accounts of the early history of oil on the Trucial Coast, there are intriguing references to the visit of a mysterious Englishman to Sharjah in October 1936. His arrival set alarm bells ringing in the office of the Political Resident in Bushire and beyond, and triggered speculation among oil company representatives about the true purpose of his journey. This apparently random visitor was in fact a seasoned oil promoter and concession hunter, Francis William Rickett, who had already brushed with the authorities elsewhere. At a time when the British were sensitive about American activities in the region, the appearance of a man with extensive oil connections in Great Britain and the United States might not have been as innocuous as he claimed. This article describes Rickett's career in the oil business, examines his visit to the sheikhdom and the response to it, and considers the reasons for British concerns about his presence there.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30385791" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="18613fe21b54969def210ea3bd7502c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50834660,"asset_id":30385791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50834660/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2763034" href="https://independent.academia.edu/QuentinMorton">Michael Quentin Morton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2763034" type="text/json">{"id":2763034,"first_name":"Michael Quentin","last_name":"Morton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"QuentinMorton","display_name":"Michael Quentin Morton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/QuentinMorton?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2763034/898609/1122797/s65_quentin.morton.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30385791 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30385791"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30385791, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30385791", }); 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His arrival set alarm bells ringing in the office of the Political Resident in Bushire and beyond, and triggered speculation among oil company representatives about the true purpose of his journey. This apparently random visitor was in fact a seasoned oil promoter and concession hunter, Francis William Rickett, who had already brushed with the authorities elsewhere. At a time when the British were sensitive about American activities in the region, the appearance of a man with extensive oil connections in Great Britain and the United States might not have been as innocuous as he claimed. This article describes Rickett's career in the oil business, examines his visit to the sheikhdom and the response to it, and considers the reasons for British concerns about his presence there.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50834660,"asset_id":30385791,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2763034,"first_name":"Michael Quentin","last_name":"Morton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"QuentinMorton","display_name":"Michael Quentin Morton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/QuentinMorton?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2763034/898609/1122797/s65_quentin.morton.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5285,"name":"Petroleum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petroleum?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":26711,"name":"History of the Modern Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Modern_Middle_East?f_ri=5347"},{"id":97681,"name":"Arabian Peninsula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Peninsula?f_ri=5347"},{"id":110366,"name":"Uae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uae?f_ri=5347"},{"id":313371,"name":"Diplomacy and international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy_and_international_relations?f_ri=5347"},{"id":552091,"name":"History of Oil Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Oil_Politics?f_ri=5347"},{"id":1664516,"name":"Petroleum Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petroleum_Engineering?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20360176" data-work_id="20360176" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20360176/V%C3%A1lka_v_Z%C3%A1livu_Pou%C5%A1tn%C3%AD_%C5%A1t%C3%ADt_Ocelov%C3%BD_d%C3%A9%C5%A1%C5%A5_a_Pou%C5%A1tn%C3%AD_bou%C5%99e">Válka v Zálivu: Pouštní štít, Ocelový déšť a Pouštní bouře</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Referát, který rozebírá válku v Zálivu 1991, zabývá se příčinami, průběhem, koncem a důsledky konfliktu.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2608" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraqi_History">Iraqi History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2608" type="text/json">{"id":2608,"name":"Iraqi History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraqi_History?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/44234263/%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7">أزمة الخليج إعادة تشكيل التحالفات في منطقة الشرق الأوسط</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44234263" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49f88ad196030e4d09abcf672641af33" rel="nofollow" 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Studies?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15478922" data-work_id="15478922" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15478922/Migrant_Labor_in_the_Persian_Gulf">Migrant Labor in the Persian Gulf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In some Persian Gulf countries, expatriate workers make up as much as eighty-five to ninety percent of the population. Unsurprisingly, these states spend vast amounts of political energy managing their migrant laborers and the social,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15478922" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In some Persian Gulf countries, expatriate workers make up as much as eighty-five to ninety percent of the population. Unsurprisingly, these states spend vast amounts of political energy managing their migrant laborers and the social, cultural, and economic changes they bring. Yet, despite this pervasive and far-reaching phenomenon, no comprehensive and easily accessible study of labor migration in the Persian Gulf currently exists.<br /><br />That oversight ends with Migrant Labor in the Persian Gulf, which examines the multiple causes, processes, and consequences of labor migration in this region from the disciplinary perspectives of sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics. It critically analyzes the effects of migration on native communities through original and empirically grounded research, identifying the types and functions of formal and informal binational and multinational networks emerging from and sustaining migration patterns. The authors also explore the role of recruitment agencies, as well as look at the values and behaviors of migrant workers both before and after they set off for the Persian Gulf.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15478922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7dd967a9edac7dbdf3e1affdca5a607" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38691815,"asset_id":15478922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38691815/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3572555" href="https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS">Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3572555" type="text/json">{"id":3572555,"first_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies","last_name":"(CIRS)","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3572555/1238662/35132689/s65_center_for_international_and_regional_studies._cirs_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15478922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15478922"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15478922, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15478922", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15478922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15478922; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15478922"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15478922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15478922"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15478922; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15478922]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15478922").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15478922").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15478922"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7313" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration">Labor Migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7313" type="text/json">{"id":7313,"name":"Labor Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20031" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrant_labour">Migrant labour</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20031" type="text/json">{"id":20031,"name":"Migrant labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrant_labour?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15478922]'), work: {"id":15478922,"title":"Migrant Labor in the Persian Gulf","created_at":"2015-09-07T06:20:36.565-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15478922/Migrant_Labor_in_the_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_15478922","summary":"In some Persian Gulf countries, expatriate workers make up as much as eighty-five to ninety percent of the population. Unsurprisingly, these states spend vast amounts of political energy managing their migrant laborers and the social, cultural, and economic changes they bring. Yet, despite this pervasive and far-reaching phenomenon, no comprehensive and easily accessible study of labor migration in the Persian Gulf currently exists.\n\nThat oversight ends with Migrant Labor in the Persian Gulf, which examines the multiple causes, processes, and consequences of labor migration in this region from the disciplinary perspectives of sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics. It critically analyzes the effects of migration on native communities through original and empirically grounded research, identifying the types and functions of formal and informal binational and multinational networks emerging from and sustaining migration patterns. The authors also explore the role of recruitment agencies, as well as look at the values and behaviors of migrant workers both before and after they set off for the Persian Gulf.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38691815,"asset_id":15478922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3572555,"first_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies","last_name":"(CIRS)","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3572555/1238662/35132689/s65_center_for_international_and_regional_studies._cirs_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":7313,"name":"Labor Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":20031,"name":"Migrant labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migrant_labour?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2235674" data-work_id="2235674" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2235674/Rumour_and_Myth_in_the_Labour_Camps_of_Qatar">Rumour and Myth in the Labour Camps of Qatar</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over the course of two years of fieldwork in the labor camps of Qatar, I frequently encountered myths, urban legends, and rumors told to me by the many labor migrants I came to know. In this paper, I take those urban legends as my data,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2235674" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the course of two years of fieldwork in the labor camps of Qatar, I frequently encountered myths, urban legends, and rumors told to me by the many labor migrants I came to know. In this paper, I take those urban legends as my data, and through a brief analysis, I contend that these rumors, myths, and legends provide a new and unique vantage point on these men's experiences and beliefs about the time they spend abroad in Qatar. More specifically, I see these stories as instruments of governance, as a testament to these men's vulnerability and powerlessness, as a lexicon of collective experiences, and much more.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2235674" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf2e8cb1b9612725251faef4cf78887a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30288777,"asset_id":2235674,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30288777/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="277103" href="https://ups.academia.edu/AndrewGardner">Andrew Gardner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="277103" type="text/json">{"id":277103,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Gardner","domain_name":"ups","page_name":"AndrewGardner","display_name":"Andrew Gardner","profile_url":"https://ups.academia.edu/AndrewGardner?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/277103/57141/76370226/s65_andrew.gardner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2235674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2235674"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2235674, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2235674", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2235674]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2235674").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2235674").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2235674"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2170" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography">Ethnography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2170" type="text/json">{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_engaged_and_public_anthropology">Applied, engaged, and public anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2823" type="text/json">{"id":2823,"name":"Applied, engaged, and public anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_engaged_and_public_anthropology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3499" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology">Social and Cultural Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3499" type="text/json">{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2235674]'), work: {"id":2235674,"title":"Rumour and Myth in the Labour Camps of Qatar","created_at":"2012-12-03T09:26:05.108-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2235674/Rumour_and_Myth_in_the_Labour_Camps_of_Qatar?f_ri=5347","dom_id":"work_2235674","summary":"Over the course of two years of fieldwork in the labor camps of Qatar, I frequently encountered myths, urban legends, and rumors told to me by the many labor migrants I came to know. In this paper, I take those urban legends as my data, and through a brief analysis, I contend that these rumors, myths, and legends provide a new and unique vantage point on these men's experiences and beliefs about the time they spend abroad in Qatar. More specifically, I see these stories as instruments of governance, as a testament to these men's vulnerability and powerlessness, as a lexicon of collective experiences, and much more.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30288777,"asset_id":2235674,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":277103,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Gardner","domain_name":"ups","page_name":"AndrewGardner","display_name":"Andrew Gardner","profile_url":"https://ups.academia.edu/AndrewGardner?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/277103/57141/76370226/s65_andrew.gardner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":2823,"name":"Applied, engaged, and public anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_engaged_and_public_anthropology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":7313,"name":"Labor Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=5347"},{"id":16472,"name":"Transnational migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_migration?f_ri=5347"},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=5347"},{"id":26382,"name":"India (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India_Anthropology_?f_ri=5347"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=5347"},{"id":46065,"name":"Qatar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar?f_ri=5347"},{"id":165301,"name":"Urban Legends","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Legends?f_ri=5347"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40317371" data-work_id="40317371" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40317371/International_Politics_of_the_Persian_Gulf">International Politics of the Persian Gulf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This volume presents a comprehensive, detailed, and accessible account of the international politics of the region. Focusing on the key factors that give the Persian Gulf its strategic significance, contributors look at the influence of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40317371" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This volume presents a comprehensive, detailed, and accessible account of the international politics of the region. Focusing on the key factors that give the Persian Gulf its strategic significance, contributors look at the influence of vast deposits of oil and natural gas on international politics, the impact of the competing centers of power of Iran and Saudi Arabia, the nature of relationships among countries within the Persian Gulf, and the evolving interaction between Islam and politics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40317371" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9cb0c81774a51848843ce3b96a33ad09" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60559261,"asset_id":40317371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60559261/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3572555" href="https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS">Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3572555" type="text/json">{"id":3572555,"first_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies","last_name":"(CIRS)","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3572555/1238662/35132689/s65_center_for_international_and_regional_studies._cirs_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40317371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40317371"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40317371, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40317371", }); 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Focusing on the key factors that give the Persian Gulf its strategic significance, contributors look at the influence of vast deposits of oil and natural gas on international politics, the impact of the competing centers of power of Iran and Saudi Arabia, the nature of relationships among countries within the Persian Gulf, and the evolving interaction between Islam and politics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60559261,"asset_id":40317371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3572555,"first_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies","last_name":"(CIRS)","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12623420/%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86">نگاهی به کتاب محاکمه خلیج فارس نویسان</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12623420" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0a28cafa1132a2197958c488a16c9d55" rel="nofollow" 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12623420").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12623420"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf">The Persian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5347" type="text/json">{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Archaeology">Arabian/Persian Gulf 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hooshang","last_name":"anvari","domain_name":"iranology","page_name":"amirhooshanganvari","display_name":"amir hooshang anvari","profile_url":"https://iranology.academia.edu/amirhooshanganvari?f_ri=5347","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21572532/5927243/12970035/s65_amir_hooshang.anvari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5347,"name":"The Persian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Persian_Gulf?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true},{"id":97680,"name":"Arabian/Persian Gulf Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Persian_Gulf_Archaeology?f_ri=5347","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40383166" data-work_id="40383166" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40383166/Saudi_oil_attacks_put_US_commitments_to_the_test">Saudi oil attacks put US commitments to the test</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neither Saudi Arabia nor the United States is rushing to retaliate for a brazen, allegedly Iranian attack that severely damaged two of the kingdom’s key oil facilities. That is not to say that Saudi Arabia and/or the United States will... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40383166" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neither Saudi Arabia nor the United States is rushing to retaliate for a brazen, allegedly Iranian attack that severely damaged two of the kingdom’s key oil facilities.<br /><br />That is not to say that Saudi Arabia and/or the United States will not retaliate in what could prove to be a game changer in the geopolitics of the Middle East.<br /><br />Yet, reading the tea leaves of various US and Saudi statements lifts the veil on the constituent elements that could change the region’s dynamics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40383166" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e4888cf792f59b7cb95bec46c3e461b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60633341,"asset_id":40383166,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60633341/download_file?st=MTc0MDU0NjI3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="106017" href="https://nanyang.academia.edu/JamesMDorsey">James M. Dorsey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="106017" type="text/json">{"id":106017,"first_name":"James M.","last_name":"Dorsey","domain_name":"nanyang","page_name":"JamesMDorsey","display_name":"James M. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/38928893/The_Story_of_the_horses_given_as_a_gift_from_King_Abdul_Aziz_to_the_British_Agent">The Story of the horses given as a gift from King Abdul Aziz to the British Agent</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The article is based on the archival records preserved in the British library, London.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38928893" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b60e4c3a7a6612e9ea5e783c7afff6ed" rel="nofollow" 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