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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Zheng Yin</b> (鄭絪) (752 – December 3, 829<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> <b>Wenming</b> (文明), was a Chinese historian and politician during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, serving as a <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xianzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xianzong of Tang">Emperor Xianzong</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Yin_(Middle_Tang)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zheng Yin was born in 752, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xuanzong of Tang">Emperor Xuanzong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BT159_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT159-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family claimed ancestry from the ducal house of the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a> state <a href="/wiki/Zheng_(state)" title="Zheng (state)">Zheng</a>, and it traced its ancestry to a line of officials of <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin dynasty (266–420)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_Zhao" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Zhao">Han-Zhao</a> or <a href="/wiki/Later_Zhao" title="Later Zhao">Later Zhao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Former_Yan" title="Former Yan">Former Yan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Later_Yan" title="Later Yan">Later Yan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>. His grandfather Zheng Miao (鄭杳) served as a county secretary general, and his father Zheng Xian (鄭羨) served as a prefectural prefect.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zheng Yin was ambitious in his youth, and was said to be ambitious and capable in writing. During the <i>Dali</i> era (766–779) of Emperor Xuanzong's grandson <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Daizong of Tang">Emperor Daizong</a>, it was said that he was respected by such well-known <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucian</a> scholars as Zhang Can (張參), Jiang Ai (蔣乂), <a href="/wiki/Yang_Wan" title="Yang Wan">Yang Wan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chang_Gun" title="Chang Gun">Chang Gun</a>. After he passed the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">imperial examinations</a> and further passed a special examination for grand speech, he was initially made <i>Xiaoshu Lang</i> (校書郎), a scribe at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_Library" title="Palace Library">Palace Library</a>, and later the sheriff of Hu County (鄠縣), near the capital <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BT159_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT159-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first emperor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_Emperor_Dezong's_reign"><span id="During_Emperor_Dezong.27s_reign"></span>During Emperor Dezong's reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Yin_(Middle_Tang)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: During Emperor Dezong's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the reign of Emperor Daizong's son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Dezong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Dezong of Tang">Emperor Dezong</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yanshang" title="Zhang Yanshang">Zhang Yanshang</a> served as the military governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">Jiedushi</a></i>) of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>), he invited Zheng Yin to serve as his secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zheng was later recalled to the central government to initially serve as <i>Bujue</i> (補闕), a low-level consultant, as well as <i>Qiju Lang</i> (起居郎), a chronicler of the emperor's acts; he was also involved in editing the imperial history. Soon thereafter, he was made an imperial scholar (翰林學士, <i>Hanlin Xueshi</i>) and made <i>Sixun Yuanwailang</i> (司勳員外郎), a low-level official at the ministry of civil service affairs (吏部, <i>Libu</i>) and was in charge of drafting imperial edicts. It was said that Zheng served in Emperor Dezong's presence for 13 years and that, during that time, he was careful and humble, and that Emperor Dezong treated him well.<sup id="cite_ref-BT159_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT159-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 796, there was an occasion when Emperor Dezong, when commissioning <a href="/wiki/Eunuch_(court_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunuch (court official)">eunuch</a> commandants of the imperial Shence Army (神策軍), Dou Wenchang (竇文場) and Huo Xianming (霍仙鳴), was set to issue edicts on hemp paper, when Zheng objected – pointing out that traditionally, only the creation of imperial princes and the commissioning of <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellors</a> involved the use of edicts on hemp paper and questioning whether this would set a dangerous precedent of equating commandants of the Shence Army with such honored individuals. Emperor Dezong agreed and burned the hemp paper edicts, ordering the commissions be issued by the legislative bureau of government (中書省, <i>Zhongshu Sheng</i>) as per regular commissions. The next day, Emperor Dezong told Zheng, "Not even the chancellors dared to resist the eunuchs' requests, and I did not realize this until you brought this up."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_Emperor_Shunzong's_reign"><span id="During_Emperor_Shunzong.27s_reign"></span>During Emperor Shunzong's reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Yin_(Middle_Tang)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: During Emperor Shunzong's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spring 805, Emperor Dezong died. Zheng Yin and his colleague Wei Cigong (衛次公) were summoned to the palace to draft a will for him. While they were doing so, a eunuch suddenly stated, "It had not been decided who should be the new emperor." (Emperor Dezong's oldest son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shunzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Shunzong of Tang">Li Song</a> the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince">Crown Prince</a> would be the proper heir legally, but Li Song himself had been debilitated by a stroke in late 804.) It was said that Wei responded and pointed out that Li Song was the proper heir despite his illness and that trouble would come unless Li Song or, as the alternative, Li Song's oldest son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xianzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xianzong of Tang">Li Chun</a> the Prince of Guangling, were enthroned, and that Zheng agreed with Wei. Li Song thus was able to take the throne (as Emperor Shunzong).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ236_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ236-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Emperor Shunzong's brief reign, his close associates <a href="/wiki/Wang_Shuwen" title="Wang Shuwen">Wang Shuwen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wang_Pi" title="Wang Pi">Wang Pi</a>, his <a href="/wiki/Concubine" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubine">concubine</a> <a href="/wiki/Consort_Niu" title="Consort Niu">Consort Niu</a>, and the eunuch Li Zhongyan (李忠言), formed a group of decision-makers, as Emperor Shunzong was unable to speak and himself unable to rule on important matters. It was said that when, in summer 805, Emperor Shunzong summoned Zheng, Wei, and <a href="/wiki/Wang_Ya" title="Wang Ya">Wang Ya</a> to the palace to draft an edict to create a crown prince, Consort Niu was particularly fearful of Li Chun's decisiveness and did not want to have him created crown prince. Zheng was said to simply write on a paper, "The heir should be the oldest son" and show the paper to Emperor Shunzong. Emperor Shunzong saw what he wrote and nodded. An edict was subsequently issued, making Li Chun crown prince.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ236_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ236-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, after Li Chun was named <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a>, Zheng continued to be imperial scholar but also received the office of <i>Zhongshu Sheren</i> (中書舍人), of a mid-level official at the legislative bureau.<sup id="cite_ref-BT159_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT159-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fall 805, Emperor Shunzong passed the throne to Li Chun, who took the throne as Emperor Xianzong.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ236_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ236-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_chancellor_during_Emperor_Xianzong's_reign"><span id="As_chancellor_during_Emperor_Xianzong.27s_reign"></span>As chancellor during Emperor Xianzong's reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Yin_(Middle_Tang)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: As chancellor during Emperor Xianzong's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around new year 806, Zheng Yin was promoted to be <i>Zhongshu Shilang</i> (中書侍郎), the deputy head of the legislative bureau, and given the <i>de facto</i> chancellor title of <i>Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi</i> (同中書門下平章事).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ236_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ236-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was said, however, that at the time fellow chancellor <a href="/wiki/Du_Huangchang" title="Du Huangchang">Du Huangchang</a>, who was advising Emperor Xianzong on reforms, especially the wresting of control back from regional warlords, made most of the decisions, and that Zheng was often silent.<sup id="cite_ref-BT159_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT159-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NBT165_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBT165-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was an occasion after Du left office and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Li_Jifu" title="Li Jifu">Li Jifu</a> where Li Jifu secretly accused Zheng of having leaked secrets to the warlord Lu Congshi (盧從史), but the imperial scholar <a href="/wiki/Li_Jiang_(born_764)" title="Li Jiang (born 764)">Li Jiang</a> pointed out to Emperor Xianzong the implausibility of the accusation, and Emperor Xianzong agreed and did not act on the accusation. Still, with Emperor Xianzong considering Zheng to be too silent and not doing much as chancellor, in 809 Zheng was removed from his chancellor office and made an advisor to the Crown Prince; Zheng was replaced as chancellor with <a href="/wiki/Li_Fan_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Li Fan (Tang dynasty)">Li Fan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ237_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ237-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_chancellorship">After chancellorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Yin_(Middle_Tang)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: After chancellorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After some time had elapsed, Zheng Yin was made the military governor of Lingnan Circuit (嶺南, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>) as well as prefect of Lingnan's capital prefecture Guang Prefecture (廣州), and it was said that Zheng was known for his uncorrupt rule. He was later recalled to serve as minister of public works (工部尚書, <i>Gongbu Shangshu</i>) and the minister of worship (太常卿, <i>Taichang Qing</i>). Yet later, he served as the prefect of Tong Prefecture (同州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>) as well as the director of Changchun Palace (長春宮). Later, he served as the official in charge of the eastern capital <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. He was then recalled to be the minister of defense (兵部尚書, <i>Bingbu Shangshu</i>) but soon thereafter made the military governor of Hezhong Circuit (河中, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Yuncheng,_Shanxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuncheng, Shanxi">Yuncheng, Shanxi</a>). </p><p>In 828, during the reign of Emperor Xianzong's grandson <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wenzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Wenzong of Tang">Emperor Wenzong</a>, Zheng was recalled to serve as chief imperial censor (御史大夫, <i>Yushi Daifu</i>) and advisor to the Crown Prince.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As by this point, he was old (76 in age) and weak, he repeatedly requested retirement. Emperor Wenzong thus granted him the title of senior advisor to the Crown Prince and allowed him to retire. He died in late 829 and was given the <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous name</a> of <i>Xuan</i> (宣, "responsible").<sup id="cite_ref-BT159_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT159-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was said in the <i><a href="/wiki/Old_Book_of_Tang" title="Old Book of Tang">Old Book of Tang</a></i> that Zheng became an official on account of his literary abilities, and that served inside and outside the palace for more than 40 years. He was not known for great accomplishments, but he followed the laws properly. He often spent time on tour with knowledgeable and history-minded persons, and the people respected him for his virtues.<sup id="cite_ref-BT159_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT159-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Yin_(Middle_Tang)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As Zhang Yanshang served as the military governor of Xichuan from 779 to 785, Zheng's service under him must have taken place during that time. See <i>Old Book of Tang</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7129" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊唐書/卷129">vol. 129</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At the time that Zheng was made advisor to the Crown Prince, there was no crown prince, although Emperor Xianzong's oldest son <a href="/wiki/Li_Ning_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Li Ning (Tang dynasty)">Li Ning</a> would shortly after be created crown prince.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">However, there was no crown prince at the time, so the latter title was entirely honorary.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Yin_(Middle_Tang)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AD%F0&king=%A4%E5%A9v&reign=%A4%D3%A9M&yy=3&ycanzi=&mm=11&dd=&dcanzi=%A9%B0%A8%B0">"中央研究院"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinica.edu.tw%2Fftms-bin%2Fkiwi1%2Fluso.sh%3Flstype%3D2%26dyna%3D%25AD%25F0%26king%3D%25A4%25E5%25A9v%26reign%3D%25A4%25D3%25A9M%26yy%3D3%26ycanzi%3D%26mm%3D11%26dd%3D%26dcanzi%3D%25A9%25B0%25A8%25B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZheng+Yin+%28Middle+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Book_of_Tang" title="Old Book of Tang">Old Book of Tang</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B717%E4%B8%8A" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊唐書/卷17上">vol. 17, part 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BT159-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BT159_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT159_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT159_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT159_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT159_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT159_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT159_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Old Book of Tang</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7159" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊唐書/卷159">vol. 159</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a></i>, vol. 75.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091219203329/http://www.sidneyluo.net:80/a/a17/075.htm">"漢川草廬-二十四史-新唐書-卷七十五‧表第十五"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidneyluo.net/a/a17/075.htm">the original</a> on December 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%BC%A2%E5%B7%9D%E8%8D%89%E5%BB%AC-%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E5%8F%B2-%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8-%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E2%80%A7%E8%A1%A8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sidneyluo.net%2Fa%2Fa17%2F075.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZheng+Yin+%28Middle+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100620182223/http://sidneyluo.net/a/a17/table/form90.htm">"新唐書-宰相世系五(鄭氏)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidneyluo.net/a/a17/table/form90.htm">the original</a> on June 20, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8-%E5%AE%B0%E7%9B%B8%E4%B8%96%E7%B3%BB%E4%BA%94%28%E9%84%AD%E6%B0%8F%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sidneyluo.net%2Fa%2Fa17%2Ftable%2Fform90.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZheng+Yin+%28Middle+Tang%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7235" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷235">vol. 235</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ236-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ236_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ236_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ236_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ236_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7236" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷236">vol. 236</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NBT165-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NBT165_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7165" class="extiw" title="zh:s:新唐書/卷165">vol. 165</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ237-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ237_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7237" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷237">vol. 237</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Book_of_Tang" title="Old Book of Tang">Old Book of Tang</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7159" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊唐書/卷159">vol. 159</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7165" class="extiw" title="zh:s:新唐書/卷165">vol. 165</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, vols. <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7235" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷235">235</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7236" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷236">236</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7237" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷237">237</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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historians</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Que" title="Cao Que">Cao Que</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cen_Wenben" title="Cen Wenben">Cen Wenben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cen_Xi" title="Cen Xi">Cen Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yixing" title="Chen Yixing">Chen Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chu_Suiliang" title="Chu Suiliang">Chu Suiliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cui_Guicong" title="Cui Guicong">Cui Guicong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cui_Renshi" title="Cui Renshi">Cui Renshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cui_Shenyou" title="Cui Shenyou">Cui Shenyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_L%C3%BCbing" title="Fan Lübing">Fan Lübing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Xuanling" title="Fang Xuanling">Fang Xuanling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Bo" title="Guan Bo">Guan Bo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Yu" title="Han Yu">Han Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Su" title="Jia Su">Jia Su</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Shen" title="Jiang Shen">Jiang Shen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jifu" title="Li Jifu">Li Jifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Linfu" title="Li Linfu">Li Linfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shen" title="Li Shen">Li Shen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Anqi" title="Li Anqi">Li Anqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Baiyao" title="Li Baiyao">Li Baiyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Chunfeng" title="Li Chunfeng">Li Chunfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Dashi" title="Li Dashi">Li Dashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Kui_(chancellor)" title="Li Kui (chancellor)">Li Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Bi" title="Li Bi">Li Bi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xian_(prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Xian (prince)">Li Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yifu" title="Li Yifu">Li Yifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghu_Defen" title="Linghu Defen">Linghu Defen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghu_Tao" title="Linghu Tao">Linghu Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Youqiu" title="Liu Youqiu">Liu Youqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Congyi" title="Liu Congyi">Liu Congyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhi_(historian)" title="Liu Zhi (historian)">Liu Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhiji" title="Liu Zhiji">Liu Zhiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Sui" title="Lu Sui">Lu Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Xiangxian" title="Lu Xiangxian">Lu Xiangxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niu_Sengru" title="Niu Sengru">Niu Sengru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Ji_(Late_Tang)" title="Pei Ji (Late Tang)">Pei Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Xiu_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Pei Xiu (Tang dynasty)">Pei Xiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Yanling" title="Pei Yanling">Pei Yanling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Kang_(official)" title="Qi Kang (official)">Qi Kang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quan_Deyu" title="Quan Deyu">Quan Deyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhen" title="Sima Zhen">Sima Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Gui" title="Su 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title="Yao Silian">Yao Silian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Zai" title="Yuan Zai">Yuan Zai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xi_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Zhang Xi (Tang dynasty)">Zhang Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yanyuan" title="Zhang Yanyuan">Zhang Yanyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yi_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Zhang Yi (Tang dynasty)">Zhang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yue_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Zhang Yue (Tang dynasty)">Zhang Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Yanzhao" title="Zhao Yanzhao">Zhao Yanzhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Lang" title="Zheng Lang">Zheng Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Su" title="Zheng Su">Zheng Su</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Tan" title="Zheng Tan">Zheng Tan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zheng Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Chi" title="Zhou Chi">Zhou Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Jingze" title="Zhu Jingze">Zhu Jingze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Qinming" title="Zhu Qinming">Zhu 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