CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>UMNO - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"98201607-5e07-418b-92c0-4bf1a55fc0ea","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"UMNO","wgTitle":"UMNO","wgCurRevisionId":1258993649,"wgRevisionId":1258993649,"wgArticleId":366318,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Malay-language sources (ms)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from January 2023","Use dmy dates from January 2023","Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2020","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","United Malays National Organisation","Political parties established in 1946", "Political parties in Malaysia","1946 establishments in British Malaya","Ethnic political parties","Defunct political parties in Singapore","Identity politics","National conservative parties","Social conservative parties","Conservative parties in Malaysia","Islamic political parties in Malaysia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"UMNO","wgRelevantArticleId":366318,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"United_Malays_National_Organisation","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false, "nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/UMNO","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1668154","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready" ,"jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/UMNO_logo.svg/1200px-UMNO_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1252"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/UMNO_logo.svg/800px-UMNO_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="835"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/UMNO_logo.svg/640px-UMNO_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="668"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="UMNO - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMNO"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMNO"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-UMNO rootpage-UMNO skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=UMNO" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=UMNO" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=UMNO" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=UMNO" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-separation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-separation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Post-separation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-separation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_New_Economic_Policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_Economic_Policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The New Economic Policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_New_Economic_Policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UMNO_Baru_(New_UMNO)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UMNO_Baru_(New_UMNO)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>UMNO Baru (New UMNO)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UMNO_Baru_(New_UMNO)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Mahathir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Mahathir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Post-Mahathir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Mahathir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bumiputera_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bumiputera_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Bumiputera</i> policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bumiputera_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of leaders</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_leaders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of leaders subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_Chief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_Chief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Women Chief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_Chief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_Chief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_Chief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Youth Chief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth_Chief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puteri_Chief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puteri_Chief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Puteri Chief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puteri_Chief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_and_membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_and_membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Structure and membership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure_and_membership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure and membership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure_and_membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_office_bearer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_office_bearer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Current office bearer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_office_bearer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elected_representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elected_representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Elected representatives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elected_representatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elected representatives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elected_representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dewan_Negara_(Senate)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dewan_Negara_(Senate)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Dewan Negara (Senate)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dewan_Negara_(Senate)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Senators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dewan_Rakyat_(House_of_Representatives)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dewan_Rakyat_(House_of_Representatives)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dewan_Rakyat_(House_of_Representatives)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Members_of_Parliament_of_the_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_Parliament_of_the_15th_Malaysian_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_Parliament_of_the_15th_Malaysian_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_(State_Legislative_Assembly)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_(State_Legislative_Assembly)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_(State_Legislative_Assembly)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UMNO_state_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UMNO_state_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>UMNO state governments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UMNO_state_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>General election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>State election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">UMNO</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="المنظمة الوطنية الملايوية المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المنظمة الوطنية الملايوية المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birl%C9%99%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Malay_Milli_T%C9%99%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Birləşmiş Malay Milli Təşkilatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Birləşmiş Malay Milli Təşkilatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" title="United Malays National Organisation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United Malays National Organisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_los_Malayos_Unidos" title="Organización Nacional de los Malayos Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organización Nacional de los Malayos Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_nationale_des_Malais_unis" title="Organisation nationale des Malais unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation nationale des Malais unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%BC%EB%A7%90%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81" title="통일말레이국민조직 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="통일말레이국민조직" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Kebangsaan_Melayu_Bersatu" title="Organisasi Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Organisasi Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Біріккен малай ұлттық ұйымы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Біріккен малай ұлттық ұйымы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87" title="المنظمه الوطنيه الملاويه المتحده – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المنظمه الوطنيه الملاويه المتحده" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kebangsaan_Melayu_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="統一マレー国民組織 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="統一マレー国民組織" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Объединённая малайская национальная организация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Объединённая малайская национальная организация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" title="United Malays National Organisation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United Malays National Organisation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" title="United Malays National Organisation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United Malays National Organisation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B" title="அம்னோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அம்னோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="องค์การมลายูรวมแห่งชาติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="องค์การมลายูรวมแห่งชาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Malay_Ulusal_%C3%96rg%C3%BCt%C3%BC" title="Birleşik Malay Ulusal Örgütü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birleşik Malay Ulusal Örgütü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%27%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Об'єднана малайська національна організація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Об'єднана малайська національна організація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%92_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="متحد مالے قومی تنظیم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="متحد مالے قومی تنظیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_ch%E1%BB%A9c_D%C3%A2n_t%E1%BB%99c_M%C3%A3_Lai_Th%E1%BB%91ng_nh%E1%BA%A5t" title="Tổ chức Dân tộc Mã Lai Thống nhất – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ chức Dân tộc Mã Lai Thống nhất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="马来民族统一机构 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马来民族统一机构" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E7%B5%B1" title="巫統 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巫統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="馬來民族統一機構 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬來民族統一機構" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1668154#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/UMNO" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:UMNO" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/UMNO"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/UMNO"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/UMNO" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/UMNO" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&oldid=1258993649" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=UMNO&id=1258993649&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUMNO"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUMNO"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=UMNO&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:UMNO" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1668154" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Malays_National_Organisation&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National political party in Malaysia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #C00000; border-bottom:2px solid #C00000; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">United Malays National Organisation</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:UMNO_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/UMNO_logo.svg/180px-UMNO_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/UMNO_logo.svg/270px-UMNO_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/UMNO_logo.svg/360px-UMNO_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Malay name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu</i></span><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڤرتوبوهن كبڠسا<span style="bottom: 3px;position: relative;">ء</span>ن ملايو برساتو</span>‎</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chinese name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">马来民族统一机构<br />Mǎ lái mínzú tǒngyī jīgòu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Tamil name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">தேசிய ஐக்கிய மலாய்க்காரர்கள் அமைப்பு<br />Tēciya aikkiya malāykkārarkaḷ amaippu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">UMNO / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">امنو</span>‎<br />PEKEMBAR / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڤکمبر</span>‎</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Chairperson</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Badruddin_Amiruldin" title="Badruddin Amiruldin">Badruddin Amiruldin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Secretary-General</span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Asyraf_Wajdi_Dusuki" title="Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki">Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">First Deputy President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Hasan_(politician)" title="Mohamad Hasan (politician)">Mohamad Hasan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Second Deputy President (Women Chief)</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Noraini_Ahmad" title="Noraini Ahmad">Noraini Ahmad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Vice-President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Khaled_Nordin" title="Mohamed Khaled Nordin">Mohamed Khaled Nordin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul_Ghani" title="Johari Abdul Ghani">Johari Abdul Ghani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Treasurer-General</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Adnan_Tengku_Mansor" title="Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor">Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Youth Chief</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Muhamad_Akmal_Saleh" title="Muhamad Akmal Saleh">Muhamad Akmal Saleh</a> (Pemuda) <br /> Nurul Amal Mohd Fauzi (Puteri)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Onn_Jaafar" title="Onn Jaafar">Onn Jaafar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">11 May 1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Legalised</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">11 May 1946<br />13 February 1988 (UMNO Baru)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">United Malays Organisation <br /> <a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_National_Organisation" title="United Sabah National Organisation">USNO</a> (in Sabah) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_United_Front" title="Sabah People's United Front">BERJAYA</a> (in Sabah)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Tingkat 38, Menara Dato’ Onn, <a href="/wiki/Putra_World_Trade_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Putra World Trade Centre">Putra World Trade Centre</a>, Jalan Tun Ismail, 50480 <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Berita_Harian" class="mw-redirect" title="Berita Harian">Berita Harian</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Harian_Metro" title="Harian Metro">Harian Metro</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/UMNO_Youth" title="UMNO Youth">Pergerakan Pemuda UMNO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_wing" title="Women's wing">Women's wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/wanitaumnomalaysia/">Wanita UMNO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Women's youth wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.puterimalaysia.com/">Pergerakan Puteri UMNO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/mahasiswaUMNO/">Kelab Mahasiswa UMNO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">3,021,845<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1952–1973)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1973)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C00000; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">white</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Bersatu, Bersetia, Berkhidmat</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(United, Loyal, In Service)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Anthem</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Bersatu, Bersetia, Berkhidmat</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 70</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #C00000; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #C00000; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri">Dewan Undangan Negeri</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">110 / 611</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #C00000; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_ministers_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief ministers in Malaysia">Chief minister of states</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 13</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #C00000; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Sang Saka Bangsa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:UMNO_(Malaysia).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sang Saka Bangsa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/UMNO_%28Malaysia%29.svg/180px-UMNO_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/UMNO_%28Malaysia%29.svg/270px-UMNO_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/UMNO_%28Malaysia%29.svg/360px-UMNO_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umno.org.my">www<wbr />.umno<wbr />.org<wbr />.my</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668154#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://umno-online.my/">umno-online<wbr />.my</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #C00000;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections</a></li></ul></div><hr />1. Red and white have been used since before independence.</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.7em; border: 4px double #ffcc00;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Politics of Malaysia">a series</a> on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#cd0000; border: 1px double #ffcc00;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia"><span style="color:white;"><small>Politics of</small><br />Malaysia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Head of State</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim Iskandar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Legislature</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">15th Parliament</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/30px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/45px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/60px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Senate (Dewan Negara)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="President of the Dewan Negara">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Awang_Bemee_Awang_Ali_Basah" title="Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah">Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Rakyat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/30px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/45px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/60px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul" title="Johari Abdul">Johari Abdul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Leader of the Government</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malaysia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Malaysia)">Leader of the Opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Zainudin" title="Hamzah Zainudin">Hamzah Zainudin</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia#Executive" title="Government of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Executive</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_in_Malaysia" title="Civil service in Malaysia">Civil service</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_ministries_and_agencies_in_Malaysia" title="List of federal ministries and agencies in Malaysia">agencies</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_to_the_Government_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia">Chief Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Azri_Abu_Bakar" title="Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar">Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Court of Malaysia">Federal Court</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Justice of Malaysia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Maimun_Tuan_Mat" title="Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat">Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="Court of Appeal of Malaysia">Court of Appeal</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Abang_Iskandar_Abang_Hashim" title="Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim">Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Malaysia">High Court in Malaya ∙ High Court in Sabah and Sarawak</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Judge of Malaya">Chief Judge of Malaya</a> <i>Vacant</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Sabah_and_Sarawak" title="Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak">Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rahman_Sebli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rahman Sebli (page does not exist)">Abdul Rahman Sebli</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/30px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/45px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/60px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="624" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Election Commission of Malaysia">Election Commission of Malaysia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">General elections</a>: <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_electoral_districts" title="List of Malaysian electoral districts">Electoral districts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Political parties</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">PH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">PN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">GPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">GRS</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">List of political parties in Malaysia</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Malaysia" title="Federalism in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_governments_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="State governments in Malaysia">State governments</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_ministers_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief ministers in Malaysia">Chief ministers of the states</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State legislatures</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2018%E2%80%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–)">members</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">Local governments</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_local_governments_in_Malaysia" title="List of local governments in Malaysia">list</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="color:#FFF;">Ideologies and concepts</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Malaysia" title="Communism in Malaysia">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Malaysia" title="Feminism in Malaysia">Feminism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Rukun Negara</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_(Malaysia)" title="Reformasi (Malaysia)">Reformasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Hadhari" title="Islam Hadhari">Islam Hadhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Asian values</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Race and politics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayaks_in_politics" title="Dayaks in politics">Dayaks in politics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)"><i>Bumiputera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malaysia" title="Malaysian Malaysia">Malaysian Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract_(Malaysia)" title="Social contract (Malaysia)">Social contract</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United Malays National Organisation</b> (<b>UMNO</b>), officially <b>Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu</b> (<b>PEKEMBAR</b>), is a <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-TDP_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> political party in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. As the oldest (but non-continuous) national political party within Malaysia (since its inception in 1946), UMNO has been known as Malaysia's "Grand Old Party".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UMNO is a founding and the principal dominant member of the <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (BN) coalition, which taken along with its predecessor <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance</a>, had been the main governing party of Malaysia from the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya_Independence_Act_1957" title="Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957">independence of Malaya</a> in 1957 until its defeat in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018 general election</a>. From 1957 to 2018, every <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a> was also the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Malays_National_Organisation" title="President of the United Malays National Organisation">President of UMNO</a>. It has since returned to power twice as a result of the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Malaysian_political_crisis" title="2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis">2020-2022 Malaysian political crisis</a>, firstly as a partner in a <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a>-led government and subsequently as the leading party in a BN-led government with UMNO vice-president <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sabri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismail Sabri">Ismail Sabri</a> serving as Prime Minister. </p><p>A race-focused party, UMNO's goals are to uphold the aspirations of <a href="/wiki/Malay_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay nationalism">Malay nationalism</a>, the racial concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></i> (lit. Malay Supremacy), the dignity of the Malay race, the religion of Islam, as well as of the country itself.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party also aspires to protect <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Malays#Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Malays">Malay culture</a> as the national culture and to uphold, defend and expand Islam across Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2018_United_Malays_National_Organisation_leadership_election" title="2018 United Malays National Organisation leadership election">2018 UMNO leadership election</a>, which was considered by many as crucial to the party's progression, former Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a> was elected UMNO president in a three-way contest, defeating former UMNO Youth Chief <a href="/wiki/Khairy_Jamaluddin" title="Khairy Jamaluddin">Khairy Jamaluddin</a>, and UMNO veteran <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Razaleigh_Hamzah" title="Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah">Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the British returned to <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> was formed. However, the Union was met with much opposition due to its constitutional framework, which allegedly threatened Malay sovereignty over Malaya. </p><p>The first phase of the journey of the UMNO party was the result of a combination of 41 Malay associations in the Malay Peninsula at that time led by <b>Ahmad Boestamam</b> who presented a memorandum to <a href="/wiki/Ismail_of_Johor" title="Ismail of Johor">Sultan Ismail Ibni Sultan Ibrahim</a> who became the Sultan Johor at that time to reject the Malayan Union proposal brought by the British. </p><p>In the second phase, a series of Malay congresses were held, culminating in the formation of the nationalist party, UMNO on 10 May 1946 at the Third Malay Congress in <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a>, with Datuk <a href="/wiki/Onn_Jaafar" title="Onn Jaafar">Onn Jaafar</a> as its leader. UMNO strongly opposed the Malayan Union, but originally did not seek political power. UMNO had no choice but continue playing a supporting role to the British colonial administration. The British cooperated with UMNO leaders and helped to defeat the communist insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, after the Malayan Union had been replaced by the semi-autonomous Federation of Malaya, UMNO shifted its focus to politics and governance. According to at least one official school textbook published during UMNO's time in government, the party fought for other races once they were at the helm of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951, Onn Jaafar left UMNO after failing to open its membership to non-Malay Malayans to form the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Malaya_Party" title="Independence of Malaya Party">Independence of Malaya Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a> replaced Dato' Onn as UMNO President. In the following year, the Kuala Lumpur branch of UMNO formed an <i>ad hoc</i> and temporary electoral pact with the Selangor branch of <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Chinese_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Chinese Association">Malayan Chinese Association</a> to avoid contesting the same seats in the <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> municipal council elections.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UMNO and MCA eventually carried nine out of the twelve seats, dealing a crushing blow to the IMP. After several other successes in local council elections, the coalition was formalised as an "Alliance" in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, state elections were held. In these elections, the Alliance won 226 of the 268 seats nationwide. In the same year, a Federal Legislative Council was formed, comprising 100 seats. 52 would be elected, and the rest would be appointed by the British High Commissioner. The Alliance demanded that 60 of the seats be elected, but despite the Tunku flying out to London to negotiate, the British held firm. Elections for the council were held in 1955, and the Alliance, which had now expanded to include the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Indian_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Indian Congress">Malayan Indian Congress</a>, issued a manifesto stating its goals of achieving independence by 1959, requiring a minimum of primary school education for all children, protecting the rights of the Malay rulers as constitutional monarchs, ending the Communist emergency, and reforming the civil service through the hiring of more Malayans as opposed to foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the results were released, it emerged that the Alliance had won 51 of the 52 seats contested, with the other seat going to <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party_(PAS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)">PAS</a> (the Pan-Malayan Islamic Party, a group of Islamists that split from UMNO). The Tunku became the first Chief Minister of Malaya.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout this period, the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> had been on-going. The <a href="/wiki/Malayan_National_Liberation_Army" title="Malayan National Liberation Army">Malayan National Liberation Army</a> (MNLA), the armed wing of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party" title="Malayan Communist Party">Malayan Communist Party</a> (MCP), committed sabotage campaigns against the British by disrupting transportation and communication networks, attacking police stations, burning down factories, with the goal of gaining independence for Malaya by making British rule in Malaya too expensive to maintain. The colonial government declared the MCP, along with several left-wing political groups, illegal in 1948. In 1955, the Alliance government together with the British High Commissioner declared an amnesty for the communist insurgents who surrendered. Representatives from the Alliance government also met with leaders of the MCP in an attempt to resolve the conflict peacefully, as their manifesto in the election stated. <a href="/wiki/Chin_Peng" title="Chin Peng">Chin Peng</a>, the MCP Secretary-General, insisted that the MCP be allowed to contest elections and be declared a legal political party as a pre-condition to laying down arms. However, the Tunku rejected this, leading to an impasse.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, the Tunku led a group of negotiators, comprising Alliance politicians and representatives of the Malay rulers, to London. There, they brokered a deal with the British government for independence. The date of independence was set as 31 August 1957 on the condition that an independent commission is set up to draft a constitution for the country. The Alliance government was also required to avoid seizing British and other foreign assets in Malaya. A defence treaty would also be signed.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Reid_Commission" title="Reid Commission">Reid Commission</a>, led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_William_Reid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lord William Reid (page does not exist)">Lord William Reid</a>, was formed to draft the constitution. Although enshrining concepts such as <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a> and a constitutional monarchy, the proposed constitution also contained provisions protecting special rights for the Malays, such as <a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">quotas</a> in admission to higher education and the civil service, and making <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> the official religion of the federation. It also made <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> the official language of the nation, although the right to vernacular education in Chinese and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> would be protected. Although the Tunku and the Malay rulers had asked the Reid Commission to ensure that "<i>in an independent Malaya all nationals should be accorded equal rights, privileges and opportunities and there must not be discrimination on grounds of race and creed</i>," the Malay privileges, which many in UMNO backed, were cited as necessary by the Reid Commission as a form of <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> that would eventually be phased out. These measures were included as Articles 3, 152 and <a href="/wiki/Article_153_of_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia">153</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Independence was declared by the Tunku in <a href="/wiki/Merdeka_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Merdeka Stadium">Merdeka Stadium</a> on 31 August 1957, marking a transition into a new era of Malayan and Malaysian politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tunku_abd_rahman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tunku_abd_rahman.jpg/170px-Tunku_abd_rahman.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tunku_abd_rahman.jpg/255px-Tunku_abd_rahman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tunku_abd_rahman.jpg/340px-Tunku_abd_rahman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a>, first Prime Minister of Malaya</figcaption></figure> <p>In Malaya's first general elections in 1959, the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance</a> coalition led by UMNO won 51.8% of the votes and captured 74 out of 104 seats, enough for a two-thirds majority in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">parliament</a>, which would not only allow them to form the government again but amend the constitution at will. However, for the Alliance, the election was marred by internal strife when MCA leader <a href="/wiki/Lim_Chong_Eu" title="Lim Chong Eu">Lim Chong Eu</a> demanded his party be allowed to contest 40 of the 104 seats available. When the Tunku rejected this, many of Lim's supporters resigned, and ran in the election as independents, which cost the Alliance some seats.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, the Tunku mooted the idea of forming a federation named "Malaysia", which would consist of the British colonies of <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, and also the British <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>. The reasoning behind this was that this would allow the federal government to control and combat communist activities, especially in Singapore. It was also feared that if Singapore achieved independence, it would become a base for Chinese chauvinists to threaten Malayan sovereignty. To balance out the ethnic composition of the new nation, the other states, whose Malay and indigenous populations would balance out the Singaporean Chinese majority, were also included.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After much negotiation, a constitution was hammered out with some minor changes. For instance, the Malay privileges were now made available to all "<a href="/wiki/Bumiputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumiputra">Bumiputra</a>", a group comprising the Malays and other indigenous peoples of Malaysia. However, the new states were also granted some autonomy unavailable to the original nine states of Malaya. After negotiations in July 1963, it was agreed that Malaysia would come into being on 31 August 1963, consisting of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. Brunei ultimately decided to opt out of the federation due in part to an <a href="/wiki/Brunei_revolt" title="Brunei revolt">armed revolt</a> by the People's Party (<i>Parti Rakyat Brunei</i>) which objected to the formation of Malaysia,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Sultan of Brunei <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_III" title="Omar Ali Saifuddien III">Omar Ali Saifuddien III</a>'s demand that he be recognised as the most senior Malay ruler—a demand that was rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> strenuously objected to this development, with Indonesia claiming Malaysia represented a form of <a href="/wiki/Neocolonialism" title="Neocolonialism">neocolonialism</a> and the Philippines <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">claiming Sabah as its territory</a>. The United Nations sent a commission to the region which approved the merger after having delayed the date of Malaysia's formation to investigate. Despite further protests from the Indonesian President, <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>, the formation of Malaysia was proclaimed on 16 September 1963. Indonesia then declared a "<a href="/wiki/Indonesia-Malaysia_confrontation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation">confrontation</a>" with Malaysia, sending <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commandos</a> to perform guerilla attacks in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak). The confrontation was ended when <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> <a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">replaced</a> Sukarno as president. The Philippines, which had withdrawn diplomatic recognition from Malaysia, also recognised Malaysia around the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To reflect the change of name to Malaysia, UMNO's coalition partners promptly altered their names to the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association">Malaysian Chinese Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">Malaysian Indian Congress</a>. Several political parties in East Malaysia, especially Sarawak, also joined the Alliance to allow it to contest elections there. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1963_Singapore_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1963 Singapore general election">1963 Singapore state elections</a>, the Alliance decided to challenge <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a>'s governing <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Alliance_Party" title="Singapore Alliance Party">Singapore Alliance Party</a>. UMNO politicians actively campaigned in Singapore for the Singapore Alliance, contending that the Singapore Malays were being treated as second-class citizens under the Chinese-dominated PAP government. All of the UMNO-backed Malay candidates lost to PAP candidates. UMNO Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Syed_Jaafar_Albar" title="Syed Jaafar Albar">Syed Jaafar Albar</a> travelled to Singapore to address the Malay populace. At one rally, he called the PAP Malay politicians un-Islamic and traitors to the Malay race, greatly straining <a href="/wiki/PAP-UMNO_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="PAP-UMNO relations">PAP-UMNO relations</a>. The PAP politicians, who saw this as a betrayal of an earlier agreement with the Alliance not to contest elections in Malaysia and Singapore respectively, decided on running on the mainland in the <a href="/wiki/1964_Malaysian_general_election" title="1964 Malaysian general election">1964 general election</a>. Although the PAP contested nine Parliamentary seats and attracted large crowds at its rallies, it won only one seat. The strain in race relations caused by the communal lines along which the political factions had been drawn led to the <a href="/wiki/1964_Race_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1964 Race Riots">1964 Race Riots</a> in Singapore. </p><p>Alliance leaders also were alarmed at Lee's behaviour, which they considered unseemly for the Chief Minister of a state. They thought he was acting as if he were the Prime Minister of a sovereign nation. Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Tan_Siew_Sin" title="Tan Siew Sin">Tan Siew Sin</a> of the MCA labelled Lee as the "greatest, disruptive force in the entire history of Malaysia and Malaya." Lee now seemed determined to press forward politically and continue contesting elections nationwide, with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Solidarity_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Solidarity Council">Malaysian Solidarity Council</a>—a coalition of political parties which called for a "<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malaysia" title="Malaysian Malaysia">Malaysian Malaysia</a>", duplicating the effort introduced earlier by Dato' Onn Ja'afar. </p><p>On 7 August 1965, Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman, seeing no alternative to avoid further bloodshed, advised the Parliament of Malaysia that it should vote to expel Singapore from Malaysia. Despite last-ditch attempts by PAP leaders, including Lee Kuan Yew, to keep Singapore as a state in the union, the Parliament on 9 August 1965 voted 126–0 in favour of the expulsion of Singapore. </p><p>Tunku opened his speech in Parliament with the words, "In all the 10 years of my leadership of this House I have never had a duty so unpleasant as this to perform. The announcement which I am making concerns the separation of Singapore from the rest of the Federation."<sup id="cite_ref-tunku_speech_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tunku_speech-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sitting_duck_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sitting_duck-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On that day, Lee Kuan Yew announced that Singapore was a sovereign independent nation and assumed the role of prime minister. After the separation and independence of Singapore in 1965, the Singapore branch of UMNO was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Malay_National_Organisation" title="Singapore Malay National Organisation">Singapore Malay National Organisation</a> (<i>Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-separation">Post-separation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-separation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the separation of Singapore from the Federation, the Alliance leaders focused on continuing its policies. One involved the Malay language, which was the official language of Malaysia. UMNO sought to reduce the reliance on English in government affairs. In this, it was aided by PAS, the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party, which backed special rights for the Bumiputra, and the strengthening of Islam's position in public affairs. However, the PAP's Malaysian branch, which had now become <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">Democratic Action Party</a> (DAP), took a very strong stance against this, and continued the expelled PAP's call for a "Malaysian Malaysia". In 1968, the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia</a> or Gerakan, led by Lim Chong Eu, also adopted the DAP's stance.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Matters came to a head in the <a href="/wiki/1969_Malaysian_general_election" title="1969 Malaysian general election">1969 general election</a>. When polling closed on the mainland peninsula (West Malaysia) on 10 May, it emerged the Alliance had won less than half of the popular vote, although it was assured of 66 out of 104 Parliamentary seats available. Much of the losses came from the MCA, thus straining relations between the two parties.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, the Alliance was dealt an even larger blow on the state level, losing control of <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/13_May_incident" title="13 May incident">major riot</a> broke out in the aftermath of the election on 13 May 1969. The <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> (King) declared a national emergency after being advised by the national government to do so. Parliament was suspended, with a <a href="/wiki/National_Operations_Council" title="National Operations Council">National Operations Council</a> (NOC) led by Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tun_Abdul_Razak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tun Abdul Razak">Tun Abdul Razak</a> of UMNO, taking over the government. Further polling in East Malaysia as a continuation of the general election was also postponed indefinitely. Although the Cabinet still met under the Tunku as Prime Minister, his role was largely symbolic, with Tun Razak taking over the role of chief executive.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UMNO backbencher <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>, who had lost his Parliamentary seat in the election, wrote a letter to the Tunku criticising his leadership. Mahathir organised a campaign with <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Malaya">University of Malaya</a> lecturer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Muktaruddin_Daim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raja Muktaruddin Daim (page does not exist)">Raja Muktaruddin Daim</a>, circulating his letter among the student bodies of local universities. Mass demonstrations broke out calling for "Malay sovereignty" and the Tunku's ousting. After the riot, Home Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Abdul_Rahman" title="Ismail Abdul Rahman">Ismail Abdul Rahman</a> and Tun Razak agreed to expel Mahathir and former Executive Secretary of UMNO <a href="/wiki/Musa_Hitam" title="Musa Hitam">Musa Hitam</a> from the party for breaching party discipline. </p><p>The suspended elections in East Malaysia were held in 1970, and restored the Alliance government's two-thirds majority in parliament. On 31 August that year, the Tunku announced the national ideology of <a href="/wiki/Rukunegara" class="mw-redirect" title="Rukunegara">Rukunegara</a> and his planned retirement as Prime Minister in favour of Tun Razak. He also stated Parliament would be restored the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_New_Economic_Policy">The New Economic Policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The New Economic Policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Tun Razak succeeded the Tunku in 1970, he began asserting UMNO's leadership in the Alliance more strongly. When the Tunku led the coalition, he had always consulted Alliance leaders regarding policy—if an Alliance leader objected, the policy was not passed. Under Tun Razak, UMNO was the base of the Alliance and thus the government. The NOC which he led until Parliament reconvened consisted of 7 Malays, one Chinese and one Indian.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Tun Razak's cabinet, the two most powerful men other than him were Ismail Abdul Rahman and <a href="/wiki/Ghazali_Shafie" title="Ghazali Shafie">Ghazali Shafie</a>, who had declared the Westminster-style Parliamentary system inappropriate for Malaysia. Tun Razak also readmitted to the party "ultras" who had been expelled, like Mahathir and Musa Hitam. Mahathir gained notoriety after his expulsion from UMNO by authoring <i><a href="/wiki/The_Malay_Dilemma" title="The Malay Dilemma">The Malay Dilemma</a></i>, a book promptly banned from Malaysia, which posited that the Malays are the definitive people of Malaysia, and thus deserved special rights as the sovereign people of the nation. It also controversially argued that the Malays needed affirmative action to overcome deficiencies in their genetic stock.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hussein Onn, son of UMNO founder Dato' Onn Ja'afar, soon became a rising star in UMNO. After Ismail died suddenly of a heart attack in 1973, Hussein Onn succeeded him as Deputy Prime Minister. In the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_shuffle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet shuffle">cabinet reshuffle</a> that promoted Hussein Onn, Mahathir was given the key post of Minister for Education.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tun Razak government announced the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_New_Economic_Policy" title="Malaysian New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a> in 1971. Its stated goal was to "eventually eradicate poverty... irrespective of race" through a "rapidly expanding economy" which emphasised to increase the Malays' share in the national economy to a reasonable portion between all the races. The NEP targeted a 30 per cent Malay share of the economy by 1990. The government contended that this would lead to a "just society" ("<i>Masyarakat Adil</i>"), the latter slogan being used to promote acceptance of the policy. Quotas in education and the civil service that the Constitution had explicitly provided for were expanded by the NEP, which also mandated government interference in the private sector. For instance, 30% of all shares in <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offerings</a> would be disbursed by the government to selective <a href="/wiki/Bumiputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumiputra">Bumiputras</a>. The old civil service hiring quota of 4 Malays for every non-Malay's was effectively disregarded in practice; between 1969 and 1973, 98% of all new government employees were Malay. Five new universities were opened under the NEP, two of which were targeted to focus on the poor Malays and Muslim citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tun Razak also began shoring up the government by bringing in several former opposition parties into the fold of the Alliance. Gerakan, PPP, PAS, and several former opposition parties in East Malaysia joined the coalition, which was renamed as <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>. Barisan was formally registered as an organisation in 1974, the same year in which a general election was held.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There had been much internal conflict in the National Front regarding the election; in 1973, <a href="/wiki/Lim_Keng_Yaik" title="Lim Keng Yaik">Lim Keng Yaik</a> and several supporters of his aggressive pro-Chinese stance left the MCA for Gerakan. This contributed to internal strife, as the MCA was no longer the sole representative of Chinese interests in the National Front.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Discontent among student organisations in Malaysian universities soon posed a new problem for the UMNO-led government. However, Mahathir in his capacity as Minister for Education issued a stern warning to university students and faculty not to become involved in politics. However, after stories that children of rubber tappers had died after consuming poisonous wild yam due to poverty, university students reacted by staging the 1974 Baling demonstrations. The demonstrations resulted in the arrest of over 1,000 students, including <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> who wasdetained under the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Act_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal Security Act (Malaysia)">Internal Security Act</a>. In 1975, parliament passed amendments to the Universities and University Colleges Act which banned students from expressing support of or holding positions in any political party or trade union without written consent from the university's Vice-Chancellor.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act also banned political demonstrations from being held on university campuses. In 1976, however, mass demonstrations were held at the MARA Institute of Technology, protesting the UUCA. Mahathir then threatened to revoke the scholarships of the students, most of whom relied on public support to pay their way through university.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BN was also challenged in Sarawak after the 1974 election, which saw the <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_National_Party" title="Sarawak National Party">Sarawak National Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/James_Wong_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Wong (politician)">James Wong</a> become tied with the DAP as the largest opposition party in Parliament, both of them holding nine seats each. SNAP had campaigned against BN on a platform of opposing Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Ya%27kub" title="Abdul Rahman Ya'kub">Abdul Rahman Ya'kub</a>'s pro-Malay policies, charging them with alienating the rural indigenous natives of Sarawak, such as the <a href="/wiki/Iban_people" title="Iban people">Iban</a>. SNAP had been expelled from the Alliance in 1965 for supporting increased autonomy for Sarawak. In the aftermath of the election, Abdul Rahman ordered the detention of James Wong under the Sedition Act. SNAP elected a new leader, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Moggie" title="Leo Moggie">Leo Moggie</a>, who secured the release of Wong and the entry of SNAP into BN in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Sabah, BN controlled the state government through the <a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_National_Organisation" title="United Sabah National Organisation">United Sabah National Organisation</a> (USNO), which strongly backed UMNO's pro-Malay and pro-Islam policies. In 1973, Islam was made the official Sabah state religion (the official religion of Sabah was originally Christianity, as permitted by the agreement signed before the merger), and usage of indigenous languages such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Kadazan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadazan">Kadazan</a> people was discontinued in favour of the Malay language. The USNO Chief Minister, <a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Harun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustapha Harun">Mustapha Harun</a>, was also known for favouring <a href="/wiki/Political_patronage" class="mw-redirect" title="Political patronage">political patronage</a> as a means of allocating valuable timber contracts, and living an extravagant lifestyle, being ferried to his A$1 million <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> home by jets provided with Sabahan public funds.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UMNO_Baru_(New_UMNO)"><span id="UMNO_Baru_.28New_UMNO.29"></span>UMNO Baru (New UMNO)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: UMNO Baru (New UMNO)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahathir_Mohamad_addressing_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_(September_25_2003).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mahathir_Mohamad_addressing_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%28September_25_2003%29.jpg/220px-Mahathir_Mohamad_addressing_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%28September_25_2003%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mahathir_Mohamad_addressing_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%28September_25_2003%29.jpg/330px-Mahathir_Mohamad_addressing_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%28September_25_2003%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mahathir_Mohamad_addressing_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%28September_25_2003%29.jpg/440px-Mahathir_Mohamad_addressing_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_%28September_25_2003%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Mahathir Mohamad</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Malays_National_Organisation_leadership_election" title="1987 United Malays National Organisation leadership election">1987 United Malays National Organisation leadership election</a></div> <p>On 24 April 1987, UMNO held its Annual General Assembly and triennial Party election. The then Prime Minister and party President, <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>, faced his first party election in 12 years, having been elected unopposed since the 1975 UMNO election. </p><p>The politics of the Malays, particularly UMNO politics, had undergone a sea change in the first few years of the Mahathir stewardship, and the party presidency was challenged for the second time in 41 years. The first challenge was a dull affair in which Hussein Onn was opposed by a minor party official named Sulaiman Palestin. In fact, in the early 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a>'s presidency had also been challenged by <a href="/wiki/Chik_Mohamad_Yusuf" title="Chik Mohamad Yusuf">C. M. Yusof</a>, who later became the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat">Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku</a> was not properly considered an incumbent then, being only a care-taker president. </p><p>The 1987 contest was a vastly different matter. Mahathir was opposed by his very popular former Finance Minister, <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Razaleigh_Hamzah" title="Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah">Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah</a>. The press took to referring to Mahathir and his supporters as Team A, and Razaleigh's camp as Team B. Team B included then Deputy Prime Minister Tun <a href="/wiki/Musa_Hitam" title="Musa Hitam">Musa Hitam</a>, who was also the incumbent Deputy President of UMNO seeking re-election, as well as Datuk <a href="/wiki/Suhaimi_Kamaruddin" title="Suhaimi Kamaruddin">Suhaimi Kamaruddin</a>, the former head of UMNO Youth and president of the Belia 4B youth organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Team B was critical of Mahathir's policies, arguing that the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_New_Economic_Policy" title="Malaysian New Economic Policy">Malaysian New Economic Policy</a> had failed to benefit the poor Malays. It also criticised Mahathir's leadership style, alleging he acted unilaterally without consulting other leaders in UMNO and the Barisan Nasional. Team B was also perceived as less Islamist than Mahathir's faction.<sup id="cite_ref-means_202_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-means_202-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mahathir claimed that the charges against him were groundless, and suggested that his opponents were fracturing Malay unity and were only motivated by greed.<sup id="cite_ref-means_202_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-means_202-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, Mahathir was returned to office. However, he was elected with such a small majority of 43 (761 against 718 votes) that questions were immediately raised about his mandate. Team B supporters, many of whom had been anticipating a victory of similar margins, suspected that the election had been fixed. The Team B candidate for Deputy President, Musa Hitam, had also been defeated by <a href="/wiki/Ghafar_Baba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghafar Baba">Ghafar Baba</a> of Team A, while two of the three vice-presidents were Team A candidates. The Supreme Council comprised 16 Team A candidates and 9 Team B candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allegations were made that several delegates who had voted were drawn from UMNO branches not properly registered. There were also several unproved allegations being bandied about that the balloting process had not been above board.<sup id="cite_ref-means_206_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-means_206-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, Razaleigh pledged to support Mahathir, provided that a "witch hunt" was not launched. However, Mahathir promptly purged the government cabinet of all Team B members, and launched similar reshuffles in state and local governments.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 June 1987, an appeal was filed by 12 of the UMNO delegates to have the assembly and the election of April 1987 declared null. After one of the delegates, Hussain bin Manap, withdrew unexpectedly in August from filing the appeal, the remaining litigants have since become famous as the "UMNO 11." Although Razaleigh and Musa Hitam were not among the plaintiffs, it was widely believed that Razaleigh was funding the appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-means_206_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-means_206-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a series of interlocutory hearings over the discovery of documents that took more than seven months, the matter finally came before Justice Harun Hashim in the Kuala Lumpur High Court on 4 February 1988. The judge ruled that under the existing law he had no option but to find the party, UMNO, to be an unlawful society due to the existence of several unregistered branches—an illegal act under the Societies Act of 1966. The question of the Assembly itself being illegal therefore became academic.<sup id="cite_ref-means_218_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-means_218-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"'It is a very hard decision to declare UMNO unlawful,' said Justice Datuk Harun Hashim in his February 4 judgement. 'But the law was made by our Parliament and certainly UMNO was aware [of the Societies Act] because they were in the majority [in Parliament] at all times [when the law was made].' Under the 1966 Act, amended five times over the years, and most recently by Mahathir's government, each of the society's branches has to register separately with the Registrar...."<sup id="cite_ref-means_218_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-means_218-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tunku set up a new party called <a href="/wiki/Semangat_46" class="mw-redirect" title="Semangat 46">UMNO Malaysia</a>, which claimed to be the successor to the old UMNO. UMNO Malaysia was supported mainly by members of the Team B faction from UMNO, but Mahathir was also invited to join the party leadership. However, the party collapsed after the Registrar of Societies refused to register it as a society without providing an explanation.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mahathir showed no interest in reviving UMNO, and instead he set in motion the machinery to form a new surrogate party, and in due course, registered a party formally called Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (Baru) or UMNO (New) a week after UMNO Malaysia's registration was rejected. Eventually the suffix "(New)" was dropped, and UMNO (Baru) became both the <i>de facto</i> and <i>de jure</i> successor of original UMNO, dropping the 'Baru' suffix with the old UMNO's assets handed over.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of its leaders, however, were selected from Team A of the old UMNO, with Team B ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1999_Malaysian_general_election" title="1999 Malaysian general election">10th general election</a> in 1999, rocked by the arrest and trial of former UMNO deputy <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> and the subsequent formation of the <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif</a> opposition coalition, UMNO's share dipped to 54% of the vote and 102 out of 144 seats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Mahathir">Post-Mahathir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-Mahathir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdullah_Badawi_in_April_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An official photo of former prime minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Abdullah_Badawi_in_April_2008.jpg/170px-Abdullah_Badawi_in_April_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Abdullah_Badawi_in_April_2008.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah Ahmad Badawi</a> served as the 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2003 to 2009.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An official photo of former prime minister Najib Tun Razak." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg/170px-Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg/255px-Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg/340px-Najib_Razak_2008-08-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3717" data-file-height="4763" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Najib_Tun_Razak" class="mw-redirect" title="Najib Tun Razak">Najib Tun Razak</a> served as the 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018.</figcaption></figure> <p>After Mahathir stepped down as President of UMNO in 2003, he was replaced by his designated successor, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah Ahmad Badawi</a>, who became <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Tun_Abdul_Razak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tun Abdul Razak">Tun Abdul Razak</a>, took over as the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia">Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_General_Election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian General Election, 2004">11th general election</a> in 2004, Barisan Nasional, under Abdullah's leadership, enjoyed a landslide victory. However, in the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_General_Election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian General Election, 2008">12th general election</a> in 2008, the coalition for the first time fell short of a two-thirds majority in the Parliament. UMNO Chief Ministers were ousted in the states of <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>. As a result, Abdullah resigned as President of UMNO and Prime Minister in 2009. He was succeeded by Najib. </p><p>Under Najib's leadership, UMNO gained a total of 9 seats in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Malaysian_general_election" title="2013 Malaysian general election">13th general election</a> and retook the state of <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>. </p><p>In 2018, UMNO was required to hold an leadership election 19 April by the requirements of the Registry of Societies (RoS), to hold a leadership election within five years of the last leadership election, as the last leadership election was in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April, some UMNO members filed a suit to declare UMNO illegal but was dismissed by the High Court.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UMNO announced in May that the RoS had in 2017 allowed UMNO to postpone the election until 19 April 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 May 2018, Mahathir and the <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> coalition won the <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">14th General Election</a> ending UMNO's 61 year long rule as part of the Alliance and later Barisan Nasional coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UMNO experienced a mass exodus of rank-and-file members, state chiefs, as well as Members of Parliament in favour of Mahathir's <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Indigenous_Party" title="Malaysian United Indigenous Party">Bersatu</a> and regionalist parties such as <a href="/wiki/Sabah_Heritage_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah Heritage Party">Parti Warisan Sabah</a> in the months after the election.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the general election defeat, UMNO held the <a href="/wiki/2018_United_Malays_National_Organisation_leadership_election" title="2018 United Malays National Organisation leadership election">UMNO leadership election</a> in June 2018 instead of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a> won the election and became the president of UMNO.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2019, UMNO decided to form a pact with the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party">Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party</a> called <a href="/wiki/Muafakat_Nasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Muafakat Nasional">Muafakat Nasional</a>. Its main purpose is to unite the Malay Muslim communities for electoral purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is however no formal agreement with the other parties of Barisan Nasional, although there are calls for Barisan Nasional to migrate to Muafakat Nasional.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barisan Nasional continued to function as a coalition of four parties comprising UMNO, MCA, MIC and <a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah">PBRS</a>, but aligned themselves with <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> to form a new government in March 2020 after the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> government.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2020, in the leadup to the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Malaysian_political_crisis" title="2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis">2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">UMNO</a> leaders <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sabri_Yaakob" title="Ismail Sabri Yaakob">Ismail Sabri Yaakob</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Bersatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bersatu">Bersatu</a> President <a href="/wiki/Muhyiddin_Yassin" title="Muhyiddin Yassin">Muhyiddin Yassin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">PAS</a> President <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hadi_Awang" title="Abdul Hadi Awang">Abdul Hadi Awang</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">PKR</a> defector members led by <a href="/wiki/Azmin_Ali" title="Azmin Ali">Azmin Ali</a>, collectively convened at the Sheraton Petaling Jaya hotel to initiate a change in government, thus causing political instability by depriving the elected Pakatan Harapan government of a majority within the <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_14th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 14th Malaysian Parliament">14th Malaysian Parliament</a>. As a result, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> (along with the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Seventh Mahathir cabinet">Seventh Mahathir cabinet</a>) tendered their resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2020, after the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> consulted all members of the <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_14th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 14th Malaysian Parliament">14th Malaysian Parliament</a>, Muhyiddin Yassin, with the support of UMNO and other parties, was deemed to have the greatest support within Parliament and was selected as the 8th Prime Minister of Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Muhyiddin cabinet, which formed on 10 March 2020, six UMNO MP's became Ministers & eight UMNO MP's became Deputy Ministers. </p><p>In July 2021, further political instability ensued when UMNO, at the direction of its President <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a>, withdrew support for the government led by Muhyiddin along with his <a href="/wiki/Muhyiddin_cabinet" title="Muhyiddin cabinet">cabinet</a>. Zahid claimed that as Muhyiddin failed to spearhead economic recovery and effectively handle the Covid-19 pandemic, therefore Zahid claimed Muhyiddin failed to fulfil the conditions underlined by UMNO when it backed Muhyiddin to become prime minister in March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2021, after the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> required all members of the <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_14th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 14th Malaysian Parliament">14th Malaysian Parliament</a> to submit a <a href="/wiki/Statutory_declaration" title="Statutory declaration">statutory declaration</a> (SD) indicating their preference of Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sabri_Yaakob" title="Ismail Sabri Yaakob">Ismail Sabri Yaakob</a> possessed the greatest support within Parliament (with 114 affirmative SDs out of a possible 222) and was selected as the 9th Prime Minister of Malaysia (without an electoral mandate).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022 election</a>, UMNO, as a part of BN, faced the worst-ever result in Malaysian history, with only winning 26 out of 222 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-worst_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worst-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several key figures including <a href="/wiki/Noh_Omar" title="Noh Omar">Noh Omar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Razaleigh_Hamzah" title="Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah">Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahdzir_Khalid" title="Mahdzir Khalid">Mahdzir Khalid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azeez_Rahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeez Rahim">Azeez Rahim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Zafrul_Aziz" title="Tengku Zafrul Aziz">Tengku Zafrul Aziz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khairy_Jamaluddin" title="Khairy Jamaluddin">Khairy Jamaluddin</a>, lost to either PN or PH candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-worst_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worst-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UMNO was also defeated at several state elections held in <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a>, the party president, was re-elected with a slim majority.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Malay_Islamic_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay Islamic identity">Malay Islamic identity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UMNO_(8412857789).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/UMNO_%288412857789%29.jpg/220px-UMNO_%288412857789%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/UMNO_%288412857789%29.jpg/330px-UMNO_%288412857789%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/UMNO_%288412857789%29.jpg/440px-UMNO_%288412857789%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3155" data-file-height="2071" /></a><figcaption>2012 UMNO General Assembly</figcaption></figure> <p>UMNO overtly represents the Malays of Malaysia, although any <a href="/wiki/Bumiputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumiputra">Bumiputra</a> (indigenous Malaysian, a category which includes people such as the non-Malay and usually non-Muslim <a href="/wiki/Kadazan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadazan">Kadazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iban_people" title="Iban people">Iban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a>, etc. of East Malaysia) may join the party. The party propagates <a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a>, the concept that the <a href="/wiki/Bumiputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumiputra">Bumiputra</a>, including ethnic Malays, enjoy a special status within the country by virtue of their earlier settlement of the lands that now form Malaysia and as a result of the recognition of Malays in <a href="/wiki/Article_153_of_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia">Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bumiputera_policies"><i>Bumiputera</i> policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bumiputera policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Seventh Mahathir cabinet">cabinet</a>'s decision for the government to "ratify all remaining core UN instruments related to the protection of human rights", including <a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination">International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a> (ICERD) and other five previously unratified conventions at a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">UMNO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">PAS</a> along with various non-governmental organisations, staged an <a href="/wiki/2018_anti-ICERD_rally" title="2018 anti-ICERD rally">anti-ICERD rally</a> that was held at the <a href="/wiki/Dataran_Merdeka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dataran Merdeka">Dataran Merdeka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, to protest against the ratifications of the relevant international conventions, due to their perception that these human rights instruments contravene with the special position of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">bumiputera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> within the country; all of which are enshrined within the Malaysian Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-icerdfigure_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icerdfigure-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-malaysiakini_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malaysiakini-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-notratify_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notratify-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 November 2018, the Prime Minister's Office announced they would not ratify the convention and would continue defending the Federal Constitution, which they said represents a social contract that was agreed upon by all races during the formation of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-notratify2_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notratify2-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, a new equity policy for <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)"><i>bumiputeras</i></a> in the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Malaysia_Plan" title="Twelfth Malaysia Plan">Twelfth Malaysia Plan</a> (12MP) attracted controversy which were announced by <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sabri_Yaakob" title="Ismail Sabri Yaakob">Ismail Sabri Yaakob</a>. It is said to ensure sustainable equity holdings by bumiputeras, an equity safety net would be launched to guarantee that the sale of shares or bumiputera-owned firms would only be sold solely to bumiputera-owned companies, consortium or individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Syed_Saddiq_Syed_Abdul_Rahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman">Syed Saddiq</a> said that the new rulings were unfair as they would be tantamount to taking equity from the non-bumiputeras and giving them to bumiputeras. Former Health Minister, <a href="/wiki/Dzulkefly_Ahmad" title="Dzulkefly Ahmad">Dzulkefly Ahmad</a> had also described the policy as "suicidal" and claimed that the new policy would only kill the bumiputera companies economically if that is their intention. He also said that based on the feedback from Malay businessmen, most were against the idea of the new bumiputera-only policy being implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ismail Sabri announced it after revealing that the government’s target to raise bumiputera equity ownership to 30% had yet to be achieved. He also announced funding to improve bumiputera businesses’ sustainability to hit 15% contribution in <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) by bumiputera micro, small and medium enterprises by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_leaders">List of leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President">President</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Malays_National_Organisation" title="President of the United Malays National Organisation">President of the United Malays National Organisation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women_Chief">Women Chief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Women Chief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putih_Mariah_Ibrahim_Rashid" class="extiw" title="ms:Putih Mariah Ibrahim Rashid">Putih Mariah Ibrahim Rashid</a> </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Zainon_Munshi_Sulaiman" title="Zainon Munshi Sulaiman">Zainon Munshi Sulaiman</a> </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>1953 </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Khadijah_Sidek" title="Khadijah Sidek">Khadijah Sidek</a> </td> <td>1954 </td> <td>1956 </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fatimah_Hashim" title="Fatimah Hashim">Fatimah Hashim</a> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1972 </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Aishah_Ghani" title="Aishah Ghani">Aishah Ghani</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>1986 </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rafidah_Aziz" title="Rafidah Aziz">Rafidah Aziz</a> </td> <td>1987 </td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Siti_Zaharah_Sulaiman" title="Siti Zaharah Sulaiman">Siti Zaharah Sulaiman</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rafidah_Aziz" title="Rafidah Aziz">Rafidah Aziz</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahrizat_Abdul_Jalil" title="Shahrizat Abdul Jalil">Shahrizat Abdul Jalil</a> </td> <td>26 March 2009 </td> <td>24 June 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Noraini_Ahmad" title="Noraini Ahmad">Noraini Ahmad</a> </td> <td>24 June 2018 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth_Chief">Youth Chief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Youth Chief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/UMNO_Youth" title="UMNO Youth">UMNO Youth</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puteri_Chief">Puteri Chief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Puteri Chief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Azalina_Othman_Said" title="Azalina Othman Said">Azalina Othman Said</a> </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Noraini_Ahmad" title="Noraini Ahmad">Noraini Ahmad</a> </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosnah_Shirlin" title="Rosnah Shirlin">Rosnah Shirlin</a> </td> <td>26 March 2009 </td> <td>12 October 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mas_Ermieyati_Samsudin" title="Mas Ermieyati Samsudin">Mas Ermieyati Samsudin</a> </td> <td>12 October 2013 </td> <td>24 June 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td>Zahida Zarik Khan </td> <td>24 June 2018 </td> <td>11 March 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td>Nurul Amal Mohd Fauzi </td> <td>12 March 2023 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_membership">Structure and membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Structure and membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_office_bearer">Current office bearer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Current office bearer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umno-online.my/majlistertinggi/">Official source</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><b>Permanent Chairperson:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badruddin_Amiruldin" title="Badruddin Amiruldin">Badruddin Amiruldin</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Deputy Permanent Chairperson:</b> <ul><li>Abdul Fattah Abdullah</li></ul></li> <li><b>President:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Deputy President:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Hasan_(politician)" title="Mohamad Hasan (politician)">Mohamad Hasan</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Vice Presidents:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Khaled_Nordin" title="Mohamed Khaled Nordin">Mohamed Khaled Nordin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul_Ghani" title="Johari Abdul Ghani">Johari Abdul Ghani</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Women's Chief:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noraini_Ahmad" title="Noraini Ahmad">Noraini Ahmad</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Youth Chief:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhamad_Akmal_Saleh" title="Muhamad Akmal Saleh">Muhamad Akmal Saleh</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Women's Youth Chief:</b> <ul><li>Nurul Amal Mohd Fauzi</li></ul></li> <li><b>Secretary-General:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asyraf_Wajdi_Dusuki" title="Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki">Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Treasurer-General:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Adnan_Tengku_Mansor" title="Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor">Tengku Adnan Tengku Mansor</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Information Chief:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azalina_Othman_Said" title="Azalina Othman Said">Azalina Othman Said</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Executive Secretary:</b> <ul><li>Mohd Sumali Reduan</li></ul></li> <li><b>Election Director:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reezal_Merican_Naina_Merican" title="Reezal Merican Naina Merican">Reezal Merican Naina Merican</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>State Chairman:</b> <ul><li>Perlis: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozabil_Abd_Rahman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rozabil Abd Rahman (page does not exist)">Rozabil Abd Rahman</a></li> <li>Kedah: <a href="/wiki/Mahdzir_Khalid" title="Mahdzir Khalid">Mahdzir Khalid</a></li> <li>Kelantan: <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jazlan_Yaakub" title="Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub">Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub</a></li> <li>Terengganu: <a href="/wiki/Rozi_Mamat" title="Rozi Mamat">Rozi Mamat</a></li> <li>Penang: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_Sheikh_Fadzir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa Sheikh Fadzir (page does not exist)">Musa Sheikh Fadzir</a></li> <li>Perak: <a href="/wiki/Saarani_Mohamad" title="Saarani Mohamad">Saarani Mohamad</a></li> <li>Pahang: <a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a></li> <li>Selangor: <a href="/wiki/Megat_Zulkarnain_Omardin" title="Megat Zulkarnain Omardin">Megat Zulkarnain Omardin</a></li> <li>Federal Territories: <a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul_Ghani" title="Johari Abdul Ghani">Johari Abdul Ghani</a></li> <li>Negeri Sembilan: <a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Alias" title="Jalaluddin Alias">Jalaluddin Alias</a></li> <li>Malacca: <a href="/wiki/Ab_Rauf_Yusoh" title="Ab Rauf Yusoh">Ab Rauf Yusoh</a></li> <li>Johor: <a href="/wiki/Onn_Hafiz_Ghazi" title="Onn Hafiz Ghazi">Onn Hafiz Ghazi</a></li> <li>Sabah: <a href="/wiki/Bung_Moktar_Radin" title="Bung Moktar Radin">Bung Moktar Radin</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>State Deputy Chairman:</b> <ul><li>Perlis: <a href="/wiki/Fathul_Bari_Mat_Jahya" title="Fathul Bari Mat Jahya">Fathul Bari Mat Jahya</a></li> <li>Kedah: <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Azeez_Abdul_Rahim" title="Abdul Azeez Abdul Rahim">Abdul Azeez Abdul Rahim</a></li> <li>Kelantan: <a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Fatmi_Che_Salleh" title="Mohamad Fatmi Che Salleh">Mohamad Fatmi Che Salleh</a></li> <li>Terengganu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nik_Dir_Nik_Wan_Ku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nik Dir Nik Wan Ku (page does not exist)">Nik Dir Nik Wan Ku</a></li> <li>Penang: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaikh_Hussein_Mydin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaikh Hussein Mydin (page does not exist)">Shaikh Hussein Mydin</a></li> <li>Perak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azian_Osman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azian Osman (page does not exist)">Azian Osman</a></li> <li>Pahang: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Hamid_Nazahar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Hamid Nazahar (page does not exist)">Abdul Hamid Nazahar</a></li> <li>Selangor: <a href="/wiki/Johan_Abd_Aziz" title="Johan Abd Aziz">Johan Abd Aziz</a></li> <li>Federal Territories: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shafei_Abdullah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shafei Abdullah (page does not exist)">Shafei Abdullah</a></li> <li>Negeri Sembilan: <a href="/wiki/Hasim_Rusdi" title="Hasim Rusdi">Hasim Rusdi</a></li> <li>Malacca: <a href="/wiki/Rais_Yasin" title="Rais Yasin">Rais Yasin</a></li> <li>Johor: <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Maslan" title="Ahmad Maslan">Ahmad Maslan</a></li> <li>Sabah: <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Dahlan" title="Abdul Rahman Dahlan">Abdul Rahman Dahlan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><b>Supreme Council Members (elected):</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Anuar_Nasarah" title="Shamsul Anuar Nasarah">Shamsul Anuar Nasarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambry_Abdul_Kadir" title="Zambry Abdul Kadir">Zambry Abdul Kadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Maslan" title="Ahmad Maslan">Ahmad Maslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Zafrul_Aziz" title="Tengku Zafrul Aziz">Tengku Zafrul Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bung_Mokhtar_Radin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bung Mokhtar Radin">Bung Mokhtar Radin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jazlan_Yaakub" title="Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub">Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Azeez_Abdul_Rahim" title="Abdul Azeez Abdul Rahim">Abdul Azeez Abdul Rahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahaniza_Shamsuddin" title="Shahaniza Shamsuddin">Shahaniza Shamsuddin</a></li> <li>Azian Osman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Md_Alwi_Che_Ahmad" title="Md Alwi Che Ahmad">Md Alwi Che Ahmad</a></li> <li>Shaik Hussein Mydin</li> <li>Zahida Zarik Khan</li> <li>Mohd Razlan Muhammad Rafii</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Sharkar_Shamsudin" title="Mohd Sharkar Shamsudin">Mohd Sharkar Shamsudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Mohamad" title="Abdul Rahman Mohamad">Abdul Rahman Mohamad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Puad_Zarkashi" title="Mohd Puad Zarkashi">Mohd Puad Zarkashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamil_Khir_Baharom" title="Jamil Khir Baharom">Jamil Khir Baharom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Abd_Aziz" title="Johan Abd Aziz">Johan Abd Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Dahlan" title="Abdul Rahman Dahlan">Abdul Rahman Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokman_Noor_Adam" title="Lokman Noor Adam">Lokman Noor Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Said_(politician)" title="Ahmad Said (politician)">Ahmad Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosnah_Shirlin" title="Rosnah Shirlin">Rosnah Shirlin</a></li> <li>Mohd Rafi Alli Hassan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razak_Abdul_Rahman" title="Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman">Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Supreme Council Members (appointed):</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahrizat_Abdul_Jalil" title="Shahrizat Abdul Jalil">Shahrizat Abdul Jalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Fatmi_Che_Salleh" title="Mohamad Fatmi Che Salleh">Mohamad Fatmi Che Salleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ismail_(Malaysian_politician)" title="Ahmad Ismail (Malaysian politician)">Ahmad Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Jazlan_Mohamed" title="Nur Jazlan Mohamed">Nur Jazlan Mohamed</a></li> <li>Mohd Shafei Abdullah</li> <li>Hasmuni Hassan</li> <li>Mohd Hasnol Ayub</li> <li>Mohd Faizal Ramli</li> <li>Mohd Arrif Abdul Majid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jailani_Johari" title="Jailani Johari">Jailani Johari</a></li> <li>Norliza Abdul Rahim</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Hairi_Mad_Shah" title="Mohd Hairi Mad Shah">Mohd Hairi Mad Shah</a></li> <li>Siti Sokhleha Nordin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramli_Mohd_Nor" title="Ramli Mohd Nor">Ramli Mohd Nor</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Supreme Council Members (in attending):</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Alamin" title="Mohamad Alamin">Mohamad Alamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siti_Aminah_Aching" title="Siti Aminah Aching">Siti Aminah Aching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reezal_Merican_Naina_Merican" title="Reezal Merican Naina Merican">Reezal Merican Naina Merican</a></li> <li>Kamaruddin M Said</li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elected_representatives">Elected representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Elected representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dewan_Negara_(Senate)"><span id="Dewan_Negara_.28Senate.29"></span>Dewan Negara (Senate)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Dewan Negara (Senate)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senators">Senators</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Senators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament">Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol><li>Zunairah Musa – appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></li> <li>Azhar Ahmad – appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></li> <li>Shamsuddin Abdul Ghafar – elected by the <a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly">Perak State Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Fatmi_Che_Salleh" title="Mohamad Fatmi Che Salleh">Mohamad Fatmi Che Salleh</a> – appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></li> <li>Ros Suyati Alang – appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambry_Abdul_Kadir" title="Zambry Abdul Kadir">Zambry Abdul Kadir</a> – appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Zafrul_Aziz" title="Tengku Zafrul Aziz">Tengku Zafrul Aziz</a> – appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Jazlan_Mohamed" title="Nur Jazlan Mohamed">Nur Jazlan Mohamed</a> – appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></li> <li>Mustafa Musa – elected by the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Malacca State Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li>Abdul Halim Suleiman – elected by the <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Johor State Legislative Assembly</a></li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dewan_Rakyat_(House_of_Representatives)"><span id="Dewan_Rakyat_.28House_of_Representatives.29"></span>Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Members_of_Parliament_of_the_15th_Malaysian_Parliament">Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament</a></div> <p>UMNO has 26 MPs in the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">House of Representatives</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">State/Federal Territory </th> <th style="width:30px;">No. </th> <th style="width:150px;">Parliament Constituency </th> <th style="width:240px;">Member </th> <th style="width:80px;" colspan="2">Party </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></td> <td>P055</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lenggong_(federal_constituency)" title="Lenggong (federal constituency)">Lenggong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Anuar_Nasarah" title="Shamsul Anuar Nasarah">Shamsul Anuar Nasarah</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P075</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagan_Datuk_(federal_constituency)" title="Bagan Datuk (federal constituency)">Bagan Datuk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></td> <td>P078</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Highlands_(federal_constituency)" title="Cameron Highlands (federal constituency)">Cameron Highlands</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramli_Mohd._Noor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramli Mohd. Noor">Ramli Mohd. Nor</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P079</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lipis_(federal_constituency)" title="Lipis (federal constituency)">Lipis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Mohamad" title="Abdul Rahman Mohamad">Abdul Rahman Mohamad</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P084</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paya_Besar_(federal_constituency)" title="Paya Besar (federal constituency)">Paya Besar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Shahar_Abdullah" title="Mohd Shahar Abdullah">Mohd. Shahar Abdullah</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P085</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pekan_(federal_constituency)" title="Pekan (federal constituency)">Pekan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sh_Mohmed_Puzi_Sh_Ali" title="Sh Mohmed Puzi Sh Ali">Sh Mohmed Puzi Sh Ali</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P090</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bera_(federal_constituency)" title="Bera (federal constituency)">Bera</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sabri_Yaakob" title="Ismail Sabri Yaakob">Ismail Sabri Yaakob</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></td> <td>P119</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titiwangsa_(federal_constituency)" title="Titiwangsa (federal constituency)">Titiwangsa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul_Ghani" title="Johari Abdul Ghani">Johari Abdul Ghani</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></td> <td>P126</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jelebu_(federal_constituency)" title="Jelebu (federal constituency)">Jelebu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Alias" title="Jalaluddin Alias">Jalaluddin Alias</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P127</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jempol_(federal_constituency)" title="Jempol (federal constituency)">Jempol</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shamshulkahar_Mohd._Deli" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamshulkahar Mohd. Deli">Shamshulkahar Mohd. Deli</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P129 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Pilah_(federal_constituency)" title="Kuala Pilah (federal constituency)">Kuala Pilah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Hassan_(politician)" title="Adnan Abu Hassan (politician)">Adnan Abu Hassan</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P131</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rembau_(federal_constituency)" title="Rembau (federal constituency)">Rembau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Hasan_(politician)" title="Mohamad Hasan (politician)">Mohamad Hasan</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P133 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampin_(federal_constituency)" title="Tampin (federal constituency)">Tampin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Isam_Mohd_Isa" title="Mohd Isam Mohd Isa">Mohd Isam Mohd Isa</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> <td>P147</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parit_Sulong_(federal_constituency)" title="Parit Sulong (federal constituency)">Parit Sulong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Noraini_Ahmad" title="Noraini Ahmad">Noraini Ahmad</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P151 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simpang_Renggam_(federal_constituency)" title="Simpang Renggam (federal constituency)">Simpang Renggam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hasni_Mohammad" title="Hasni Mohammad">Hasni Mohammad</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P153</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sembrong_(federal_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sembrong (federal constituency)">Sembrong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hishammuddin_Hussein" title="Hishammuddin Hussein">Hishammuddin Hussein</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P155</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenggara_(federal_constituency)" title="Tenggara (federal constituency)">Tenggara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manndzri_Nasib" title="Manndzri Nasib">Manndzri Nasib</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P156</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi_(federal_constituency)" title="Kota Tinggi (federal constituency)">Kota Tinggi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Khaled_Nordin" title="Mohamed Khaled Nordin">Mohamed Khaled Nordin</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P157</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pengerang_(federal_constituency)" title="Pengerang (federal constituency)">Pengerang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azalina_Othman_Said" title="Azalina Othman Said">Azalina Othman Said</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P164</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pontian_(federal_constituency)" title="Pontian (federal constituency)">Pontian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Maslan" title="Ahmad Maslan">Ahmad Maslan</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> </td> <td>P173 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Putatan_(federal_constituency)" title="Putatan (federal constituency)">Putatan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahelmey_Yahya" title="Shahelmey Yahya">Shahelmey Yahya</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P176</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kimanis_(federal_constituency)" title="Kimanis (federal constituency)">Kimanis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Alamin" title="Mohamad Alamin">Mohamad Alamin</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P177 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_(federal_constituency)" title="Beaufort (federal constituency)">Beaufort</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siti_Aminah_Aching" title="Siti Aminah Aching">Siti Aminah Aching</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P184 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libaran_(federal_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libaran (federal constituency)">Libaran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suhaimi_Nasir" title="Suhaimi Nasir">Suhaimi Nasir</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P187</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kinabatangan_(federal_constituency)" title="Kinabatangan (federal constituency)">Kinabatangan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bung_Moktar_Radin" title="Bung Moktar Radin">Bung Moktar Radin</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>P191 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalabakan_(federal_constituency)" title="Kalabakan (federal constituency)">Kalabakan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andi_Muhammad_Suryady_Bandy" title="Andi Muhammad Suryady Bandy">Andi Muhammad Suryady Bandy</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td colspan="6" style="width:30px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></b> (2), <b><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></b> (5), <b><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">F.T. Kuala Lumpur</a></b> (1), <b><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></b> (5), <b><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></b> (7), <b><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></b> (6)</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_(State_Legislative_Assembly)"><span id="Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_.28State_Legislative_Assembly.29"></span>Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2023–present)">List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2023–present)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Johor State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Malacca State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly">Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly">Pahang State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <a href="/wiki/Sabah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sabah State Legislative Assembly">Sabah State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 79</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly">Perak State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Kelantan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kelantan State Legislative Assembly">Kelantan State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Penang State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Selangor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Selangor State Legislative Assembly">Selangor State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <a href="/wiki/Kedah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kedah State Legislative Assembly">Kedah State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Perlis_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perlis State Legislative Assembly">Perlis State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Terengganu_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Terengganu State Legislative Assembly">Terengganu State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">State </th> <th style="width:30px;">No. </th> <th style="width:150px;">Parliament Constituency </th> <th style="width:30px;">No. </th> <th style="width:150px;">State Constituency </th> <th style="width:240px;">Member </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">P032 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gua_Musang_(federal_constituency)" title="Gua Musang (federal constituency)">Gua Musang</a> </td> <td>N43</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nenggiri_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenggiri (state constituency)">Nenggiri</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Azmawi_Fikri_Abdul_Ghani" title="Mohd Azmawi Fikri Abdul Ghani">Mohd Azmawi Fikri Abdul Ghani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N45</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galas_(state_constituency)" title="Galas (state constituency)">Galas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Syahbuddin_Hashim" title="Mohd Syahbuddin Hashim">Mohd Syahbuddin Hashim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> </td> <td>P041 </td> <td>Kepala Batas</td> <td>N02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bertam_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertam (state constituency)">Bertam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reezal_Merican_Naina_Merican" title="Reezal Merican Naina Merican">Reezal Merican Naina Merican</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P047 </td> <td>Nibong Tebal </td> <td>N21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Acheh_(state_constituency)" title="Sungai Acheh (state constituency)">Sungai Acheh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rashidi_Zinol" title="Rashidi Zinol">Rashidi Zinol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> </td> <td>P054 </td> <td>Gerik </td> <td>N02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Temenggor_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temenggor (state constituency)">Temenggor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salbiah_Mohamed" title="Salbiah Mohamed">Salbiah Mohamed</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P055 </td> <td>Lenggong </td> <td>N04</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kota_Tampan_(state_constituency)" title="Kota Tampan (state constituency)">Kota Tampan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saarani_Mohammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Saarani Mohammad">Saarani Mohammad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P062 </td> <td>Sungai Siput </td> <td>N21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lintang_(state_constituency)" title="Lintang (state constituency)">Lintang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Zolkafly_Harun" title="Mohd Zolkafly Harun">Mohd Zolkafly Harun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P068 </td> <td>Beruas </td> <td>N36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pengkalan_Baharu_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengkalan Baharu (state constituency)">Pengkalan Baharu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Manaf_Hashim" title="Abdul Manaf Hashim">Abdul Manaf Hashim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P069 </td> <td>Parit </td> <td>N39</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belanja_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belanja (state constituency)">Belanja</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khairudin_Abu_Hanipah" title="Khairudin Abu Hanipah">Khairudin Abu Hanipah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P072 </td> <td>Tapah </td> <td>N48</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Kuning_(state_constituency)" title="Ayer Kuning (state constituency)">Ayer Kuning</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsudin_Abu_Hassan" title="Samsudin Abu Hassan">Samsudin Abu Hassan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P075 </td> <td>Bagan Datuk </td> <td>N53</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rungkup_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rungkup (state constituency)">Rungkup</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahrul_Zaman_Yahya" title="Shahrul Zaman Yahya">Shahrul Zaman Yahya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P077 </td> <td>Tanjong Malim </td> <td>N59</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Behrang_(state_constituency)" title="Behrang (state constituency)">Behrang</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salina_Samsudin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salina Samsudin (page does not exist)">Salina Samsudin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="17"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> </td> <td>P078 </td> <td>Cameron Highlands</td> <td>N02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jelai_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelai (state constituency)">Jelai</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P079 </td> <td rowspan="2">Lipis </td> <td>N03</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Padang_Tengku_(state_constituency)" title="Padang Tengku (state constituency)">Padang Tengku</a></td> <td>Mustapa Long </td></tr> <tr> <td>N05</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benta_(state_constituency)" title="Benta (state constituency)">Benta</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd._Soffi_Abd._Razak" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohd. Soffi Abd. Razak">Mohd. Soffi Abd. Razak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P080 </td> <td rowspan="2">Raub </td> <td>N06</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Batu_Talam_(state_constituency)" title="Batu Talam (state constituency)">Batu Talam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abd._Aziz_Mat_Kiram" title="Abd. Aziz Mat Kiram">Abd. Aziz Mat Kiram</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N08</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dong_(state_constituency)" title="Dong (state constituency)">Dong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahiruddin_Ab_Moin" title="Shahiruddin Ab Moin">Shahiruddin Ab Moin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P083 </td> <td>Kuantan </td> <td>N16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inderapura_(state_constituency)" title="Inderapura (state constituency)">Inderapura</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shafik_Fauzan_Sharif" title="Shafik Fauzan Sharif">Shafik Fauzan Sharif</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">P085 </td> <td rowspan="3">Pekan </td> <td>N21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peramu_Jaya_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peramu Jaya (state constituency)">Peramu Jaya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nizar_Najib" title="Nizar Najib">Nizar Najib</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bebar_(state_constituency)" title="Bebar (state constituency)">Bebar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd._Fakhruddin_Mohd._Arif" title="Mohd. Fakhruddin Mohd. Arif">Mohd. Fakhruddin Mohd. Arif</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chini_(state_constituency)" title="Chini (state constituency)">Chini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Sharim_Md_Zain" title="Mohd Sharim Md Zain">Mohd Sharim Md Zain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P086 </td> <td>Maran </td> <td>N27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jenderak_(state_constituency)" title="Jenderak (state constituency)">Jenderak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Jaafar" title="Mohamed Jaafar">Mohamed Jaafar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P087 </td> <td>Kuala Krau </td> <td>N28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerdau_(state_constituency)" title="Kerdau (state constituency)">Kerdau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ibrahim_Syed_Ahmad" title="Syed Ibrahim Syed Ahmad">Syed Ibrahim Syed Ahmad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P089 </td> <td>Bentong </td> <td>N36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pelangai_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelangai (state constituency)">Pelangai</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amizar_Abu_Adam" title="Amizar Abu Adam">Amizar Abu Adam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P090 </td> <td rowspan="2">Bera </td> <td>N37</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guai_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guai (state constituency)">Guai</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norol_Azali_Sulaiman" title="Norol Azali Sulaiman">Norol Azali Sulaiman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N39</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kemayan_(state_constituency)" title="Kemayan (state constituency)">Kemayan</a></td> <td>Mohd. Fadil Osman </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P091 </td> <td rowspan="2">Rompin </td> <td>N41</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muadzam_Shah_(state_constituency)" title="Muadzam Shah (state constituency)">Muadzam Shah</a></td> <td>Razali Kassim </td></tr> <tr> <td>N42</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tioman_(state_constituency)" title="Tioman (state constituency)">Tioman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd._Johari_Husin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohd. Johari Husin">Mohd. Johari Hussain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" rowspan="1">-</td> <td>Nominated Member</td> <td>Harris Salleh Hamzah </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> </td> <td>P092 </td> <td>Sabak Bernam</td> <td>N01</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Air_Tawar_(state_constituency)" title="Sungai Air Tawar (state constituency)">Sungai Air Tawar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rizam_Ismail" title="Rizam Ismail">Rizam Ismail</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P101 </td> <td>Hulu Langat </td> <td>N23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dusun_Tua_(state_constituency)" title="Dusun Tua (state constituency)">Dusun Tua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johan_Abd_Aziz" title="Johan Abd Aziz">Johan Abd Aziz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="14"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">P126 </td> <td rowspan="2">Jelebu</td> <td>N02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pertang_(state_constituency)" title="Pertang (state constituency)">Pertang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Alias" title="Jalaluddin Alias">Jalaluddin Alias</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N03</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Lui_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Lui (state constituency)">Sungai Lui</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Razi_Mohd_Ali" title="Mohd Razi Mohd Ali">Mohd Razi Mohd Ali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P127 </td> <td rowspan="2">Jempol </td> <td>N06</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palong_(state_constituency)" title="Palong (state constituency)">Palong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Nagoor" title="Mustapha Nagoor">Mustapha Nagoor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N07</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeram_Padang_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeram Padang (state constituency)">Jeram Padang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Zaidy_Abdul_Kadir" title="Mohd Zaidy Abdul Kadir">Mohd Zaidy Abdul Kadir</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P128 </td> <td>Seremban </td> <td>N09</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lenggeng_(state_constituency)" title="Lenggeng (state constituency)">Lenggeng</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Asna_Amin" title="Mohd Asna Amin">Mohd Asna Amin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">P129 </td> <td rowspan="4">Kuala Pilah </td> <td>N15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Juasseh_(state_constituency)" title="Juasseh (state constituency)">Juasseh</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibi_Sharliza_Mohd_Khalid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibi Sharliza Mohd Khalid (page does not exist)">Bibi Sharliza Mohd Khalid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seri_Menanti_(state_constituency)" title="Seri Menanti (state constituency)">Seri Menanti</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Sufian_Maradzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Sufian Maradzi (page does not exist)">Muhammad Sufian Maradzi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senaling_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senaling (state constituency)">Senaling</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Lasim" title="Ismail Lasim">Ismail Lasim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johol_(state_constituency)" title="Johol (state constituency)">Johol</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saiful_Yazan_Sulaiman" title="Saiful Yazan Sulaiman">Saiful Yazan Sulaiman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">P131 </td> <td rowspan="3">Rembau </td> <td>N26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chembong_(state_constituency)" title="Chembong (state constituency)">Chembong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaifulbahri_Idris" title="Zaifulbahri Idris">Zaifulbahri Idris</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rantau_(state_constituency)" title="Rantau (state constituency)">Rantau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Hasan_(politician)" title="Mohamad Hasan (politician)">Mohamad Hasan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kota_(state_constituency)" title="Kota (state constituency)">Kota</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suhaimi_Aini" title="Suhaimi Aini">Suhaimi Aini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P132 </td> <td>Port Dickson </td> <td>N32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linggi_(state_constituency)" title="Linggi (state constituency)">Linggi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Faizal_Ramli" title="Mohd Faizal Ramli">Mohd Faizal Ramli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P133 </td> <td>Tampin </td> <td>N35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gemencheh_(state_constituency)" title="Gemencheh (state constituency)">Gemencheh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suhaimizan_Bizar" title="Suhaimizan Bizar">Suhaimizan Bizar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="18"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">P134 </td> <td rowspan="5">Masjid Tanah</td> <td>N01</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Linggi_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Linggi (state constituency)">Kuala Linggi</a></td> <td>Rosli Abdullah </td></tr> <tr> <td>N02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Bidara_(state_constituency)" title="Tanjung Bidara (state constituency)">Tanjung Bidara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ab_Rauf_Yusoh" title="Ab Rauf Yusoh">Ab Rauf Yusoh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N03</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Limau_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayer Limau (state constituency)">Ayer Limau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hameed_Mytheen_Kunju_Basheer" title="Hameed Mytheen Kunju Basheer">Hameed Mytheen Kunju Basheer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N04</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lendu_(state_constituency)" title="Lendu (state constituency)">Lendu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Md_Ali" title="Sulaiman Md Ali">Sulaiman Md Ali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N05</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taboh_Naning_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taboh Naning (state constituency)">Taboh Naning</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zulkiflee_Mohd_Zin" title="Zulkiflee Mohd Zin">Zulkiflee Mohd Zin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">P135 </td> <td rowspan="3">Alor Gajah </td> <td>N06</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rembia_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rembia (state constituency)">Rembia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jailani_Khamis" title="Muhammad Jailani Khamis">Muhammad Jailani Khamis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N09</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Durian_Tunggal_(state_constituency)" title="Durian Tunggal (state constituency)">Durian Tunggal</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zahari_Abdul_Kalil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zahari Abdul Kalil (page does not exist)">Zahari Abdul Kalil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asahan_(state_constituency)" title="Asahan (state constituency)">Asahan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fairul_Nizam_Roslan" title="Fairul Nizam Roslan">Fairul Nizam Roslan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P136 </td> <td rowspan="2">Tangga Batu </td> <td>N12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pantai_Kundor_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantai Kundor (state constituency)">Pantai Kundor</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuminah_Kadi_Mohd_Hashim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuminah Kadi Mohd Hashim (page does not exist)">Tuminah Kadi Mohd Hashim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paya_Rumput_(state_constituency)" title="Paya Rumput (state constituency)">Paya Rumput</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rais_Yasin" title="Rais Yasin">Rais Yasin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P137 </td> <td rowspan="2">Hang Tuah Jaya </td> <td>N15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pengkalan_Batu_(state_constituency)" title="Pengkalan Batu (state constituency)">Pengkalan Batu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalsom_Noordin" title="Kalsom Noordin">Kalsom Noordin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Molek_(state_constituency)" title="Ayer Molek (state constituency)">Ayer Molek</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rahmad_Mariman" title="Rahmad Mariman">Rahmad Mariman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P138 </td> <td rowspan="2">Kota Melaka </td> <td>N21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duyong_(state_constituency)" title="Duyong (state constituency)">Duyong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Noor_Helmy_Abdul_Halem" title="Mohd Noor Helmy Abdul Halem">Mohd Noor Helmy Abdul Halem</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telok_Mas_(state_constituency)" title="Telok Mas (state constituency)">Telok Mas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razak_Abdul_Rahman" title="Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman">Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">P139 </td> <td rowspan="4">Jasin </td> <td>N25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rim_(state_constituency)" title="Rim (state constituency)">Rim</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaidhirah_Abu_Zahar" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaidhirah Abu Zahar">Khaidhirah Abu Zahar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serkam_(state_constituency)" title="Serkam (state constituency)">Serkam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaidi_Attan" title="Zaidi Attan">Zaidi Attan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merlimau_(state_constituency)" title="Merlimau (state constituency)">Merlimau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhamad_Akmal_Saleh" title="Muhamad Akmal Saleh">Muhamad Akmal Saleh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Rambai_(state_constituency)" title="Sungai Rambai (state constituency)">Sungai Rambai</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siti_Faizah_Abdul_Azis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siti Faizah Abdul Azis (page does not exist)">Siti Faizah Abdul Azis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="33"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> </td> <td>P140 </td> <td>Segamat</td> <td>N01</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buloh_Kasap_(state_constituency)" title="Buloh Kasap (state constituency)">Buloh Kasap</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zahari_Sarip" title="Zahari Sarip">Zahari Sarip</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P141 </td> <td>Sekijang</td> <td>N03</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pemanis_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemanis (state constituency)">Pemanis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anuar_Abdul_Manap" title="Anuar Abdul Manap">Anuar Abdul Manap</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P142 </td> <td>Labis</td> <td>N05</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenang_(state_constituency)" title="Tenang (state constituency)">Tenang</a></td> <td>Haslinda Salleh </td></tr> <tr> <td>P143 </td> <td>Pagoh</td> <td>N08</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Pasir_(state_constituency)" title="Bukit Pasir (state constituency)">Bukit Pasir</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Fazli_Mohamad_Salleh" title="Mohamad Fazli Mohamad Salleh">Mohamad Fazli Mohamad Salleh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P144 </td> <td rowspan="2">Ledang </td> <td>N09</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gambir_(state_constituency)" title="Gambir (state constituency)">Gambir</a></td> <td>Sahrihan Jani </td></tr> <tr> <td>N11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serom_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serom (state constituency)">Serom</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khairin_Nisa_Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Khairin Nisa Ismail">Khairin Nisa Ismail</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P145 </td> <td>Bakri</td> <td>N14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Naning_(state_constituency)" title="Bukit Naning (state constituency)">Bukit Naning</a></td> <td>Fuad Tukirin </td></tr> <tr> <td>P146 </td> <td>Muar </td> <td>N16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Balang_(state_constituency)" title="Sungai Balang (state constituency)">Sungai Balang</a></td> <td>Selamat Takim </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P147 </td> <td rowspan="2">Parit Sulong </td> <td>N17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semerah_(state_constituency)" title="Semerah (state constituency)">Semerah</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Fared_Mohd_Khalid" title="Mohd Fared Mohd Khalid">Mohd Fared Mohd Khalid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sri_Medan_(state_constituency)" title="Sri Medan (state constituency)">Sri Medan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zulkurnain_Kamisan" title="Zulkurnain Kamisan">Zulkurnain Kamisan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P148 </td> <td>Ayer Hitam </td> <td>N20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semarang_(state_constituency)" title="Semarang (state constituency)">Semarang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsolbari_Jamali" title="Samsolbari Jamali">Samsol Bari Jamali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P149 </td> <td rowspan="2">Sri Gading </td> <td>N21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parit_Yaani_(state_constituency)" title="Parit Yaani (state constituency)">Parit Yaani</a></td> <td>Mohd Najib Samuri </td></tr> <tr> <td>N22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Raja_(state_constituency)" title="Pasir Raja (state constituency)">Pasir Raja</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nor_Rashidah_Ramli" title="Nor Rashidah Ramli">Nor Rashidah Ramli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P150 </td> <td rowspan="2">Batu Pahat </td> <td>N24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senggarang_(state_constituency)" title="Senggarang (state constituency)">Senggarang</a></td> <td>Mohd Yusla Ismail </td></tr> <tr> <td>N25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rengit_(state_constituency)" title="Rengit (state constituency)">Rengit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Puad_Zarkashi" title="Mohd Puad Zarkashi">Mohd Puad Zarkashi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P151 </td> <td rowspan="2">Simpang Renggam </td> <td>N26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Machap_(state_constituency)" title="Machap (state constituency)">Machap</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Onn_Hafiz_Ghazi" title="Onn Hafiz Ghazi">Onn Hafiz Ghazi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Layang-layang_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Layang-layang (state constituency)">Layang-Layang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abd_Mutalip_Abd_Rahim" title="Abd Mutalip Abd Rahim">Abd Mutalip Abd Rahim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P152 </td> <td>Kluang </td> <td>N29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahkota_(state_constituency)" title="Mahkota (state constituency)">Mahkota</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syed_Hussein_Syed_Abdullah" title="Syed Hussein Syed Abdullah">Syed Hussein Syed Abdullah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P155 </td> <td rowspan="2">Tenggara </td> <td>N34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panti_(state_constituency)" title="Panti (state constituency)">Panti</a></td> <td>Hahasrin Hashim </td></tr> <tr> <td>N35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Raja_(state_constituency)" title="Pasir Raja (state constituency)">Pasir Raja</a></td> <td>Rashidah Ismail </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P156 </td> <td rowspan="2">Kota Tinggi </td> <td>N36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sedili_(state_constituency)" title="Sedili (state constituency)">Sedili</a></td> <td>Muszaidi Makmor </td></tr> <tr> <td>N37</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johor_Lama_(state_constituency)" title="Johor Lama (state constituency)">Johor Lama</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norlizah_Noh" title="Norlizah Noh">Norlizah Noh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P157 </td> <td rowspan="2">Pengerang </td> <td>N38</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penawar_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Penawar (state constituency)">Penawar</a></td> <td>Fauziah Misri </td></tr> <tr> <td>N39</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Surat_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Surat (state constituency)">Tanjung Suarat</a></td> <td>Aznan Tamin </td></tr> <tr> <td>P158 </td> <td>Tebrau </td> <td>N40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiram_(state_constituency)" title="Tiram (state constituency)">Tiram</a></td> <td>Azizul Bachok </td></tr> <tr> <td>P159 </td> <td>Pasir Gudang </td> <td>N43</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Permas_(state_constituency)" title="Permas (state constituency)">Permas</a></td> <td>Baharudin Mohd Taib </td></tr> <tr> <td>P160 </td> <td>Johor Bahru </td> <td>N44</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larkin_(state_constituency)" title="Larkin (state constituency)">Larkin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Hairi_Mad_Shah" title="Mohd Hairi Mad Shah">Mohd Hairi Mad Shah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P161 </td> <td>Pulai </td> <td>N47</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kempas_(state_constituency)" title="Kempas (state constituency)">Kempas</a></td> <td>Ramlee Bohani </td></tr> <tr> <td>P162 </td> <td>Iskandar Puteri </td> <td>N49</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kota_Iskandar_(state_constituency)" title="Kota Iskandar (state constituency)">Kota Iskandar</a></td> <td>Pandak Ahmad </td></tr> <tr> <td>P163 </td> <td>Kulai </td> <td>N50</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Permai_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukit Permai (state constituency)">Bukit Permai</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Jafni_Md_Shukor" title="Mohd Jafni Md Shukor">Mohd Jafni Md Shukor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P164 </td> <td rowspan="2">Pontian </td> <td>N53</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benut_(state_constituency)" title="Benut (state constituency)">Benut</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hasni_Mohammad" title="Hasni Mohammad">Hasni Mohammad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N54</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pulai_Sebatang_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulai Sebatang (state constituency)">Pulai Sebatang</a></td> <td>Hasrunizah Hassan </td></tr> <tr> <td>P165 </td> <td>Tanjung Piai </td> <td>N56</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kukup_(state_constituency)" title="Kukup (state constituency)">Kukup</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jefridin_Atan" title="Jefridin Atan">Jefridin Atan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="13"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> </td> <td>P167 </td> <td>Kudat</td> <td>N02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengkoka_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengkoka (state constituency)">Bengkoka</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harun_Durabi" title="Harun Durabi">Harun Durabi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P169 </td> <td>Kota Belud </td> <td>N10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Usukan_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usukan (state constituency)">Usukan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salleh_Said_Keruak" title="Salleh Said Keruak">Salleh Said Keruak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P171 </td> <td>Sepanggar </td> <td>N16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karambunai_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karambunai (state constituency)">Karambunai</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yakubah_Khan" title="Yakubah Khan">Yakubah Khan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P173 </td> <td>Putatan </td> <td>N24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Keramat_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Keramat (state constituency)">Tanjung Keramat</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahelmey_Yahya" title="Shahelmey Yahya">Shahelmey Yahya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P175 </td> <td>Papar </td> <td>N29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pantai_Manis_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantai Manis (state constituency)">Pantai Manis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd._Tamin_Zainal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohd. Tamin Zainal">Mohd Tamin @ Tamin Zainal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P184 </td> <td rowspan="2">Libaran </td> <td>N51</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Manila_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Manila (state constituency)">Sungai Manila</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mokran_Ingkat" title="Mokran Ingkat">Mokran Ingkat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N52</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Sibuga_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Sibuga (state constituency)">Sungai Sibuga</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Hamsan_Awang_Supain" title="Mohamad Hamsan Awang Supain">Mohamad Hamsan Awang Supain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">P187 </td> <td rowspan="2">Kinabatangan </td> <td>N58</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamag_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamag (state constituency)">Lamag</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bung_Mokhtar_Radin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bung Mokhtar Radin">Bung Mokhtar Radin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N59</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukau_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukau (state constituency)">Sukau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jafry_Arifin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jafry Arifin">Jafry Ariffin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P188 </td> <td>Lahad Datu </td> <td>N61</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Segama_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Segama (state constituency)">Segama</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamaddin_Ketapi" title="Mohamaddin Ketapi">Mohamaddin Ketapi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P191 </td> <td>Kalabakan </td> <td>N71</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanjong_Batu_(Sabah_state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjong Batu (Sabah state constituency)">Tanjong Batu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andi_Muhammad_Suryady_Bandy" title="Andi Muhammad Suryady Bandy">Andi Muhammad Suryady Bandy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" rowspan="2">-</td> <td>Nominated Member</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raime_Unggi" title="Raime Unggi">Raime Unggi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nominated Member</td> <td>Suhaimi Nasir </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td colspan="5"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></b> (2), <b><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></b> (2), <b><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></b> (8), <b><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></b> (18), <b><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></b> (2), <b><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></b> (14), <b><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></b> (18), <b><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></b> (33), <b><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></b> (13)</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UMNO_state_governments">UMNO state governments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: UMNO state governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:120px;">State </th> <th style="width:90px;">Leader type </th> <th style="width:180px;">Member </th> <th style="width:80px;" colspan="2">Party </th> <th style="width:150px;">State Constituency </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Johor">Menteri Besar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Onn_Hafiz_Ghazi" title="Onn Hafiz Ghazi">Onn Hafiz Ghazi</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Machap_(state_constituency)" title="Machap (state constituency)">Machap</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Malacca" title="Chief Minister of Malacca">Chief Minister</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ab_Rauf_Yusoh" title="Ab Rauf Yusoh">Ab Rauf Yusoh</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Bidara_(state_constituency)" title="Tanjung Bidara (state constituency)">Tanjung Bidara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Pahang">Menteri Besar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jelai_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelai (state constituency)">Jelai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Perak" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Perak">Menteri Besar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saarani_Mohammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Saarani Mohammad">Saarani Mohammad</a></td> <td bgcolor="#F0B1B1"></td> <td>UMNO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kota_Tampan_(state_constituency)" title="Kota Tampan (state constituency)">Kota Tampan</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election_results">General election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: General election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Total seats won </th> <th>Seats contested </th> <th>Total votes </th> <th>Share of votes </th> <th>Outcome of election </th> <th>Election leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1955_Malayan_general_election" title="1955 Malayan general election">1955</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">34 / 52</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>35 </td> <td>589,933 </td> <td>58.90% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>34 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1959_Malayan_general_election" title="1959 Malayan general election">1959</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">52 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>70 </td> <td>553,160 </td> <td>35.75% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>18 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1964_Malaysian_general_election" title="1964 Malaysian general election">1964</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">59 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>70 </td> <td>458,854 </td> <td>38.10% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>7 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1969_Malaysian_general_election" title="1969 Malaysian general election">1969</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">52 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>70 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>7 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1974_Malaysian_general_election" title="1974 Malaysian general election">1974</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">62 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 43%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>80 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>10 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razak_Hussein" title="Abdul Razak Hussein">Abdul Razak Hussein</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1978_Malaysian_general_election" title="1978 Malaysian general election">1978</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">70 / 154</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>80 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>8 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Onn" title="Hussein Onn">Hussein Onn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1982_Malaysian_general_election" title="1982 Malaysian general election">1982</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">70 / 154</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>100 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1986_Malaysian_general_election" title="1986 Malaysian general election">1986</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">83 / 177</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1,474,063 </td> <td>31.06% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>13 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1990_Malaysian_general_election" title="1990 Malaysian general election">1990</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">71 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>100 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>12 seat; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1995_Malaysian_general_election" title="1995 Malaysian general election">1995</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">89 / 192</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>100 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>18 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_Malaysian_general_election" title="1999 Malaysian general election">1999</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">72 / 193</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>120 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>17 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_Malaysian_general_election" title="2004 Malaysian general election">2004</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">109 / 219</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>120 </td> <td>2,483,249 </td> <td>35.9% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>37 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah Ahmad Badawi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Malaysian_general_election" title="2008 Malaysian general election">2008</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">79 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>120 </td> <td>2,381,725 </td> <td>29.33% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>30 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah Ahmad Badawi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2013_Malaysian_general_election" title="2013 Malaysian general election">2013</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">88 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>120 </td> <td>3,252,484 </td> <td>29.45% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>9 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">54 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 24%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>120 </td> <td>2,548,251 </td> <td>21.10% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>34 seats; <b>Opposition coalition</b>, <br /> later <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>119 </td> <td>2,549,341 </td> <td>16.43% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>28 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_election_results">State election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: State election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="height: px; overflow: auto;"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">State election</th> <th colspan="14">State Legislative Assembly </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Perlis_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perlis State Legislative Assembly">Perlis</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kedah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kedah State Legislative Assembly">Kedah</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kelantan State Legislative Assembly">Kelantan</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Terengganu State Legislative Assembly">Terengganu</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Penang</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly">Perak</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly">Pahang</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Selangor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Selangor State Legislative Assembly">Selangor</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly">Negeri Sembilan</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Malacca</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Johor</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sabah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sabah State Legislative Assembly">Sabah</a></th> <th>Total won / Total contested </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2/3 majority</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 83%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 30</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 71%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 30</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 83%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 71%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 30</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 43%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">54 / 68</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 79%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 52%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 72%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 83%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 96%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 73%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 79%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 86%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 71%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">28 / 39</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 72%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 91%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 46</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 76%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 86%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 79%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 39</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 69%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 46</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 76%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 48</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 31</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 87%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 72%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 43</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">30 / 52</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">28 / 38</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 74%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">30 / 48</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 25</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 43</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 30%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 52</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 38</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 48</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 25</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 48</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 80%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 84%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">34 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 74%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">35 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">32 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 80%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 72%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 69%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">32 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">32 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 80%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">30 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">28 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">32 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 52%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">145 / 587</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Sabah_state_election" title="2020 Sabah state election">2020</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 73</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 31</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Malacca_state_election" title="2021 Malacca state election">2021</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 90%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Johor_state_election" title="2022 Johor state election">2022</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 37</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 89%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 85</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Malaysian_state_elections" title="2023 Malaysian state elections">2023</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 108</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E62020; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">belongs to the same parent company as <i>Berita Harian</i> and <i>Harian Metro</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In September 1972, the investment arm of UMNO named Fleet Holdings, which headed by Junus Sudin, bought out the Malaysian operations unit of <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Press_Holdings" title="Singapore Press Holdings">The Straits Times Press Group</a> (a forerunner of <a href="/wiki/SPH_Media" title="SPH Media">SPH Media</a>), which included <i>Berita Harian</i>. The bought over publications were placed under the management of the <a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times_Press" title="New Straits Times Press">New Straits Times Press</a>, which is also the name of its main publication<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">belongs to the same parent company as the <i>New Straits Times</i> and <i>Berita Harian</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Conservatism in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties" title="List of Islamic political parties">List of Islamic political parties</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19720905-1.2.68">"Straits Times subsidiary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>. 5 September 1972. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Straits+Times+subsidiary&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1972-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2Fdigitised%2Farticle%2Fstraitstimes19720905-1.2.68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19720917-1.2.3">"The New Straits Times Press"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>. 17 September 1972. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+New+Straits+Times+Press&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1972-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2Fdigitised%2Farticle%2Fstraitstimes19720917-1.2.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2022/03/781106/umno-has-over-three-million-members-says-secretary-general">"Umno has over three million members, says secretary-general"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Umno+has+over+three+million+members%2C+says+secretary-general&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2F03%2F781106%2Fumno-has-over-three-million-members-says-secretary-general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelen_Ting" class="citation web cs1">Helen Ting. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tak/47/1/47_KJ00005849019/_pdf">"The Politics of National Identity in West Malaysia: Continued Mutation or Critical Transition? [The Politics of Ambiguity]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Southeast Asian Studies, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_University" title="Kyoto University">Kyoto University</a></i>. J-Stage. p. 3/21 [33] and 5/21 [35]. <q>UMNO came into being in 1946 under the impetus of the Anti-<a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> Movement based on this ideological understanding of ketuanan Melayu. Its founding president, Dato' <a href="/wiki/Onn_Jaafar" title="Onn Jaafar">Onn Jaafar</a>, once said that the UMNO movement did not adhere to any ideology other than Melayuisme, defined by scholar <a href="/wiki/Ariffin_Omar" title="Ariffin Omar">Ariffin Omar</a> as "the belief that the interests of the bangsa Melayu must be upheld over all else". Malay political dominance is a fundamental reality of Malaysian politics, notwithstanding the fact that the governing coalition since independence, the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance</a> [subsequently expanded to form the Barisan Nasional or literally, the "National Front"], is multiethnic in its composition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southeast+Asian+Studies%2C+Kyoto+University&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+National+Identity+in+West+Malaysia%3A+Continued+Mutation+or+Critical+Transition%3F+%5BThe+Politics+of+Ambiguity%5D&rft.pages=3%2F21+33+and+5%2F21+35&rft.au=Helen+Ting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Ftak%2F47%2F1%2F47_KJ00005849019%2F_pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJinna_TayGraeme_Turner2015" class="citation book cs1">Jinna Tay; Graeme Turner (24 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IxU-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA127"><i>Television Histories in Asia: Issues and Contexts</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 127–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-00807-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-00807-9"><bdi>978-1-135-00807-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Television+Histories+in+Asia%3A+Issues+and+Contexts&rft.pages=127-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-07-24&rft.isbn=978-1-135-00807-9&rft.au=Jinna+Tay&rft.au=Graeme+Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIxU-CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJan_Senkyr2013" class="citation journal cs1">Jan Senkyr (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kas.de/wf/en/33.34966/">"Political Awakening in Malaysia"</a>. <i>KAS International Reports</i> (7): 73–74. <q>the UMNO can be described as a national conservative Islamic party</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KAS+International+Reports&rft.atitle=Political+Awakening+in+Malaysia&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=73-74&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Jan+Senkyr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kas.de%2Fwf%2Fen%2F33.34966%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TDP-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TDP_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYee2012" class="citation web cs1">Yee, Choong Pui (2 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2012/03/malaysias-right-wing-problem/">"Malaysia's Right Wing Problem"</a>. <i>thediplomat.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thediplomat.com&rft.atitle=Malaysia%27s+Right+Wing+Problem&rft.date=2012-03-02&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=Choong+Pui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2012%2F03%2Fmalaysias-right-wing-problem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-grand-old-party-dominant-independence-to-the-defeat-in-all-ways">"Umno assembly grand old party dominant in all ways"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Umno+assembly+grand+old+party+dominant+in+all+ways&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fmalaysias-grand-old-party-dominant-independence-to-the-defeat-in-all-ways&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UMNO Online. UMNO's Constitution: Foundation and Goals. From: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229132114/http://umno-online.com/?page_id=2787">"UMNO Online - Perlembagaan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://umno-online.com/?page_id%3D2787">the original</a> on 29 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UMNO+Online+-+Perlembagaan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fumno-online.com%2F%3Fpage_id%253D2787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UMNO Online. UMNO's Constitution: Goal 3.5. From:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229132114/http://umno-online.com/?page_id=2787">"UMNO Online - Perlembagaan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://umno-online.com/?page_id%3D2787">the original</a> on 29 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UMNO+Online+-+Perlembagaan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fumno-online.com%2F%3Fpage_id%253D2787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UMNO Online. UMNO's Constitution: Goal 3.3. From:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229132114/http://umno-online.com/?page_id=2787">"UMNO Online - Perlembagaan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://umno-online.com/?page_id%3D2787">the original</a> on 29 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UMNO+Online+-+Perlembagaan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fumno-online.com%2F%3Fpage_id%253D2787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/07/01/umno-elections-historic-ensure-party-remains-relevant-says-zahid/">"Umno elections historic, ensure party remains relevant, says Zahid – Nation | The Star Online"</a>. <i>www.thestar.com.my</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thestar.com.my&rft.atitle=Umno+elections+historic%2C+ensure+party+remains+relevant%2C+says+Zahid+%E2%80%93+Nation+%7C+The+Star+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F07%2F01%2Fumno-elections-historic-ensure-party-remains-relevant-says-zahid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/malaysia/history">"Malaysia : History | The Commonwealth"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia+%3A+History+%26%23124%3B+The+Commonwealth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecommonwealth.org%2Four-member-countries%2Fmalaysia%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam, Ramlah binti, Samuri, Abdul Hakim bin & Fadzil, Muslimin bin (2004). <i>Sejarah Tingkatan 3</i>, pp. 60–65, 75. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/983-62-8285-8" title="Special:BookSources/983-62-8285-8">983-62-8285-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_M._Fernando2007" class="citation web cs1">Joseph M. Fernando (18 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/news_features/the_rebel_in_onn_jaafar.html">"The rebel in Onn Jaafar"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. The Malaysian Bar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=The+rebel+in+Onn+Jaafar&rft.date=2007-06-18&rft.au=Joseph+M.+Fernando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysianbar.org.my%2Fnews_features%2Fthe_rebel_in_onn_jaafar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOoi2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keat_Gin_Ooi" title="Keat Gin Ooi">Ooi, Keat Gin</a>, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA138"><i>Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576077702" title="Special:BookSources/9781576077702"><bdi>9781576077702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+from+Angkor+Wat+to+East+Timor%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781576077702&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQKgraWbb7yoC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, p. 124, 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, pp. 137–140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mic.org.my/history.php">"About MIC: History"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060220052725/http://www.mic.org.my/history.php">Archived</a> 20 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 28 January 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, p. 103–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, pp. 148, 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, p. 153–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ooi, Jeff (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeffooi.com/archives/2005/08/the_nst_should.php">"Social Contract: 'Utusan got the context wrong'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051030165436/http://www.jeffooi.com/archives/2005/08/the_nst_should.php">Archived</a> 30 October 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 11 November 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goh, Cheng Teik (1994). Malaysia: Beyond Communal Politics, p. 18. Pelanduk Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/967-978-475-4" title="Special:BookSources/967-978-475-4">967-978-475-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shuid, Mahdi & Yunus, Mohd. Fauzi (2001). <i>Malaysian Studies</i>, p. 29. Longman. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/983-74-2024-3" title="Special:BookSources/983-74-2024-3">983-74-2024-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shuid & Yunus, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathews2014" class="citation book cs1">Mathews, Philip (February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=md9UAgAAQBAJ"><i>Chronicle of Malaysia: Fifty Years of Headline News, 1963–2013</i></a>. Editions Didier Millet. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-10617-4-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-10617-4-9"><bdi>978-967-10617-4-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+Malaysia%3A+Fifty+Years+of+Headline+News%2C+1963%E2%80%932013&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Editions+Didier+Millet&rft.date=2014-02&rft.isbn=978-967-10617-4-9&rft.aulast=Mathews&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmd9UAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, pp. 214, 217, 220, 222, 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tunku_speech-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tunku_speech_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rahman, Tunku Abdul (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/merger/headline/mdream.html">"A dream shattered"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060208025332/http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/merger/headline/mdream.html">Archived</a> 8 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sitting_duck-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sitting_duck_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ooi, Jeff (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeffooi.com/archives/2005/11/i_went_into_act.php">"Perils of the sitting duck"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051228132802/http://www.jeffooi.com/archives/2005/11/i_went_into_act.php">Archived</a> 28 December 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 11 November 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, Gordon P. (1991). <i>Malaysian Politics: The Second Generation</i>, pp. 3, 5, 29. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-588988-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-588988-6">0-19-588988-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, p. 6, 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 11, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 20, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 20–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 22, 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 23–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 29, 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coconuts.co/kl/news/story-behind-some-malaysias-biggest-street-rallies/">"The story behind some of Malaysia's biggest street rallies"</a>. 27 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+story+behind+some+of+Malaysia%27s+biggest+street+rallies&rft.date=2015-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoconuts.co%2Fkl%2Fnews%2Fstory-behind-some-malaysias-biggest-street-rallies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 36, 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 39, 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 41, 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-means_202-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-means_202_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-means_202_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-means_206-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-means_206_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-means_206_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-means_218-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-means_218_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-means_218_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 218, 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 224, 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170206164701/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/Rencana/20121201/re_09/Terus-fokus-menyatukan-Melayu">"Terus fokus menyatukan Melayu"</a>. Utusan Online. 1 December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/Rencana/20121201/re_09/Terus-fokus-menyatukan-Melayu">the original</a> on 6 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Terus+fokus+menyatukan+Melayu&rft.date=2012-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww1.utusan.com.my%2Futusan%2FRencana%2F20121201%2Fre_09%2FTerus-fokus-menyatukan-Melayu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, pp. 224, 225, 230......</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanipa_Maidin2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hanipa Maidin (19 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/420525">"Umno – apa selepas hari ini, 19 Apr 2018?"</a> (in Malay). Malaysiakini<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Umno+%E2%80%93+apa+selepas+hari+ini%2C+19+Apr+2018%3F&rft.pub=Malaysiakini&rft.date=2018-04-19&rft.au=Hanipa+Maidin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F420525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuto2018" class="citation web cs1">Auto, Hermes (19 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-umno-party-elections-to-be-held-by-april-2019-but-dissent-over-top-posts">"Malaysia's Umno party elections to be held by April 2019 but dissent over top posts | The Straits Times"</a>. <i>www.straitstimes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.straitstimes.com&rft.atitle=Malaysia%27s+Umno+party+elections+to+be+held+by+April+2019+but+dissent+over+top+posts+%7C+The+Straits+Times&rft.date=2018-05-19&rft.aulast=Auto&rft.aufirst=Hermes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fmalaysias-umno-party-elections-to-be-held-by-april-2019-but-dissent-over-top-posts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44036178">"Malaysia election: Opposition scores historic victory"</a>. BBC News. 10 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia+election%3A+Opposition+scores+historic+victory&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-44036178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/12/three-johor-umno-reps-jump-to-pribumi/">"Three Johor Umno reps jump to Pribumi"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. 12 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Three+Johor+Umno+reps+jump+to+Pribumi&rft.date=2018-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F05%2F12%2Fthree-johor-umno-reps-jump-to-pribumi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/13/kelantan-wanita-umno-info-chief-50-others-jump-to-pribumi/">"Kelantan Wanita Umno info chief, 50 others, jump to Pribumi"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. 13 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Kelantan+Wanita+Umno+info+chief%2C+50+others%2C+jump+to+Pribumi&rft.date=2018-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F05%2F13%2Fkelantan-wanita-umno-info-chief-50-others-jump-to-pribumi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/12/sabah-umno-exodus-begins-with-nine-of-10-assemblymen-leaving-party/">"Sabah Umno exodus sees nine of 10 Aduns, five of six MPs leave"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. 12 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Sabah+Umno+exodus+sees+nine+of+10+Aduns%2C+five+of+six+MPs+leave&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F12%2F12%2Fsabah-umno-exodus-begins-with-nine-of-10-assemblymen-leaving-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/former-malaysia-pm-najib-razak-steps-down-as-umno-president">"Former Malaysia PM Najib Razak steps down as Umno president and Barisan Nasional chairman"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 12 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Former+Malaysia+PM+Najib+Razak+steps+down+as+Umno+president+and+Barisan+Nasional+chairman&rft.date=2018-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fformer-malaysia-pm-najib-razak-steps-down-as-umno-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/zahid-to-contest-umno-presidents-post-negeri-sembilan-chief-eyes-deputys-seat">"Zahid to contest Umno president's post, Negeri Sembilan chief eyes deputy's seat"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 2 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Zahid+to+contest+Umno+president%27s+post%2C+Negeri+Sembilan+chief+eyes+deputy%27s+seat&rft.date=2018-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fzahid-to-contest-umno-presidents-post-negeri-sembilan-chief-eyes-deputys-seat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/09/18/whats-next-for-piagam-muafakat-nasional/">"What's next for Piagam Muafakat Nasional?"</a>. <i>The Malaysian Reserve</i>. 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Malaysian+Reserve&rft.atitle=What%27s+next+for+Piagam+Muafakat+Nasional%3F&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemalaysianreserve.com%2F2019%2F09%2F18%2Fwhats-next-for-piagam-muafakat-nasional%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2019/11/543468/mcas-future-muafakat-nasional-remains-unclear">"MCA's future in Muafakat Nasional remains unclear"</a>. <i>New Straits Times</i>. 30 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=MCA%27s+future+in+Muafakat+Nasional+remains+unclear&rft.date=2019-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F11%2F543468%2Fmcas-future-muafakat-nasional-remains-unclear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReme_Ahmad2019" class="citation news cs1">Reme Ahmad (5 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/calls-in-umno-for-barisan-nasional-to-migrate-to-muafakat-nasional">"Calls in Umno for Barisan Nasional to 'migrate' to Muafakat Nasional"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Calls+in+Umno+for+Barisan+Nasional+to+%27migrate%27+to+Muafakat+Nasional&rft.date=2019-12-05&rft.au=Reme+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fcalls-in-umno-for-barisan-nasional-to-migrate-to-muafakat-nasional&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdib_Povera202" class="citation news cs1">Adib Povera (4 March 202). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2020/03/571665/perikatan-nasional-coalition-set-joint-secretariat">"Perikatan Nasional coalition to set up joint secretariat"</a>. <i>New Straits Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Perikatan+Nasional+coalition+to+set+up+joint+secretariat&rft.date=202&rft.au=Adib+Povera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F03%2F571665%2Fperikatan-nasional-coalition-set-joint-secretariat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYiswaree_Palansamy2020" class="citation news cs1">Yiswaree Palansamy (23 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2020/02/23/azmin-arrives-at-sheraton-hotel-first-sighting-since-rumoured-new-coalition/1840150">"Azmin arrives at Sheraton Hotel, first sighting since rumoured new coalition"</a>. <i>Malay Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Azmin+arrives+at+Sheraton+Hotel%2C+first+sighting+since+rumoured+new+coalition&rft.date=2020-02-23&rft.au=Yiswaree+Palansamy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Famp%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2020%2F02%2F23%2Fazmin-arrives-at-sheraton-hotel-first-sighting-since-rumoured-new-coalition%2F1840150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadho_Ram2020" class="citation news cs1">Sadho Ram (23 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://says.com/my/news/pas-umno-bersatu-amanah-and-10-pkr-mps-said-to-be-forming-a-new-coalition-govt">"PAS, UMNO, Bersatu, Amanah And 10 PKR MPs Said To Be Forming A New Coalition Govt"</a>. <i>SAYS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAYS&rft.atitle=PAS%2C+UMNO%2C+Bersatu%2C+Amanah+And+10+PKR+MPs+Said+To+Be+Forming+A+New+Coalition+Govt&rft.date=2020-02-23&rft.au=Sadho+Ram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsays.com%2Fmy%2Fnews%2Fpas-umno-bersatu-amanah-and-10-pkr-mps-said-to-be-forming-a-new-coalition-govt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatcliffe2020" class="citation news cs1">Ratcliffe, Rebecca (24 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/24/anwar-ibrahim-decries-traitors-amid-cracks-in-deal-to-make-him-malaysias-next-pm">"Malaysia's PM Mahathir Mohamad resigns amid political turmoil"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Malaysia%27s+PM+Mahathir+Mohamad+resigns+amid+political+turmoil&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft.aulast=Ratcliffe&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Ffeb%2F24%2Fanwar-ibrahim-decries-traitors-amid-cracks-in-deal-to-make-him-malaysias-next-pm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-muhyiddin-yassin-malaysia-next-prime-minister-palace-781571">"Muhyiddin Yassin is Malaysia's next prime minister: Palace statement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNA_(TV_network)" title="CNA (TV network)">CNA (TV network)</a></i>. 29 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNA+%28TV+network%29&rft.atitle=Muhyiddin+Yassin+is+Malaysia%27s+next+prime+minister%3A+Palace+statement&rft.date=2020-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fasia%2Fmalaysia-muhyiddin-yassin-malaysia-next-prime-minister-palace-781571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-muhyiddin-yassin-swearing-in-prime-minister-781516">"Muhyiddin Yassin sworn in as Malaysian PM"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNA_(TV_network)" title="CNA (TV network)">CNA (TV network)</a></i>. 1 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNA+%28TV+network%29&rft.atitle=Muhyiddin+Yassin+sworn+in+as+Malaysian+PM&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fasia%2Fmalaysia-muhyiddin-yassin-swearing-in-prime-minister-781516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTan2021" class="citation web cs1">Tan, Vincent (8 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-umno-withdraws-support-pm-muhyiddin-urges-resign-1986466">"UMNO withdraws support for Muhyiddin Yassin's government, urges the Malaysian PM to step down"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNA_(TV_network)" title="CNA (TV network)">CNA (TV network)</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNA+%28TV+network%29&rft.atitle=UMNO+withdraws+support+for+Muhyiddin+Yassin%27s+government%2C+urges+the+Malaysian+PM+to+step+down&rft.date=2021-07-08&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fasia%2Fmalaysia-umno-withdraws-support-pm-muhyiddin-urges-resign-1986466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanTho2021" class="citation web cs1">Tan, Vincent; Tho, Xin Yi (3 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-umno-zahid-statutory-declaration-muhyiddin-majority-2086391">"Ahmad Zahid claims sufficient UMNO MPs have withdrawn support for PM Muhyiddin; energy minister quits Cabinet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNA_(TV_network)" title="CNA (TV network)">CNA (TV network)</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNA+%28TV+network%29&rft.atitle=Ahmad+Zahid+claims+sufficient+UMNO+MPs+have+withdrawn+support+for+PM+Muhyiddin%3B+energy+minister+quits+Cabinet&rft.date=2021-08-03&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.au=Tho%2C+Xin+Yi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fasia%2Fmalaysia-umno-zahid-statutory-declaration-muhyiddin-majority-2086391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnand2021" class="citation web cs1">Anand, Ram (8 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/umno-withdraws-support-for-malaysias-pm-muhyiddin-calls-for-his-resignation">"Umno withdraws support for Malaysia PM Muhyiddin, calls for his resignation | The Straits Times"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Umno+withdraws+support+for+Malaysia+PM+Muhyiddin%2C+calls+for+his+resignation+%7C+The+Straits+Times&rft.date=2021-07-08&rft.aulast=Anand&rft.aufirst=Ram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fumno-withdraws-support-for-malaysias-pm-muhyiddin-calls-for-his-resignation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/08/21/ismail-sabri-sworn-in-as-ninth-prime-minister">"Ismail Sabri sworn in as Malaysia's ninth Prime Minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star (Malaysia)</a></i>. 21 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star+%28Malaysia%29&rft.atitle=Ismail+Sabri+sworn+in+as+Malaysia%27s+ninth+Prime+Minister&rft.date=2021-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2021%2F08%2F21%2Fismail-sabri-sworn-in-as-ninth-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-worst-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worst_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-worst_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-ge15-end-era-barisan-nasional-3087531">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'End of an era' for Malaysia's Barisan Nasional, after corruption issues hurt candidates at GE15: Analysts"</a>. 20 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27End+of+an+era%27+for+Malaysia%27s+Barisan+Nasional%2C+after+corruption+issues+hurt+candidates+at+GE15%3A+Analysts&rft.date=2022-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fasia%2Fmalaysia-ge15-end-era-barisan-nasional-3087531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediavariasi.com/2022/11/pru15-nama-besar-antara-yang-tewas/">"PRU15: Nama besar antara yang tewas"</a>. 20 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PRU15%3A+Nama+besar+antara+yang+tewas&rft.date=2022-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmediavariasi.com%2F2022%2F11%2Fpru15-nama-besar-antara-yang-tewas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astroawani.com/berita-politik/pru15-bn-kecundang-di-tanjong-karang-392569">"PRU15: BN kecundang di Tanjong Karang"</a>. 20 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PRU15%3A+BN+kecundang+di+Tanjong+Karang&rft.date=2022-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astroawani.com%2Fberita-politik%2Fpru15-bn-kecundang-di-tanjong-karang-392569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utusan.com.my/nasional/2022/11/rasmi-azeez-rahim-kalah-kepada-calon-pn-di-baling/">"[Rasmi] Azeez Rahim kalah kepada calon PN di Baling"</a>. 20 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%5BRasmi%5D+Azeez+Rahim+kalah+kepada+calon+PN+di+Baling&rft.date=2022-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utusan.com.my%2Fnasional%2F2022%2F11%2Frasmi-azeez-rahim-kalah-kepada-calon-pn-di-baling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harakahdaily.net/index.php/2022/11/20/pn-brings-bn-to-its-knees-in-perlis/">"PN brings BN to its knees in Perlis"</a>. 20 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PN+brings+BN+to+its+knees+in+Perlis&rft.date=2022-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fharakahdaily.net%2Findex.php%2F2022%2F11%2F20%2Fpn-brings-bn-to-its-knees-in-perlis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2022/11/852833/ge15-zahid-retains-bagan-datuk-slim-majority">"GE15: Zahid retains Bagan Datuk with slim majority"</a>. 20 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=GE15%3A+Zahid+retains+Bagan+Datuk+with+slim+majority&rft.date=2022-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2F11%2F852833%2Fge15-zahid-retains-bagan-datuk-slim-majority&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghSmith2002" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Daljit; Smith, Anthony (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aZ8qP3iwKOQC"><i>Southeast Asian Affairs 2002</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789812301628" title="Special:BookSources/9789812301628"><bdi>9789812301628</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asian+Affairs+2002&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9789812301628&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Daljit&rft.au=Smith%2C+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaZ8qP3iwKOQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icerdfigure-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icerdfigure_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/438588/anti-icerd-rally-so-whats-estimate">"Anti ICERD rally: So, what's the estimate?"</a>. New Straits Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti+ICERD+rally%3A+So%2C+what%27s+the+estimate%3F&rft.pub=New+Straits+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F12%2F438588%2Fanti-icerd-rally-so-whats-estimate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-malaysiakini-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-malaysiakini_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/452368">"PAS and Umno to hold anti-Icerd rally in KL on Dec 8 - Malaysiakini"</a>. Malaysiakini. 17 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PAS+and+Umno+to+hold+anti-Icerd+rally+in+KL+on+Dec+8+-+Malaysiakini&rft.pub=Malaysiakini&rft.date=2018-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F452368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notratify-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-notratify_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/24/govt-not-ratifying-icerd-we-will-continue-to-defend-federal-constitution-says-pms-office/">"Govt not ratifying ICERD - The Star Online"</a>. <i>The Star Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star+Online&rft.atitle=Govt+not+ratifying+ICERD+-+The+Star+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F11%2F24%2Fgovt-not-ratifying-icerd-we-will-continue-to-defend-federal-constitution-says-pms-office%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notratify2-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-notratify2_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/24/govt-not-ratifying-icerd-we-will-continue-to-defend-federal-constitution-says-pms-office/">"Govt not ratifying ICERD - The Star Online"</a>. <i>The Star Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star+Online&rft.atitle=Govt+not+ratifying+ICERD+-+The+Star+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F11%2F24%2Fgovt-not-ratifying-icerd-we-will-continue-to-defend-federal-constitution-says-pms-office%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thevibes.com/articles/news/42842/rave-reviews-for-12mp-but-ismail-sabris-bumi-focus-splits-opinions">"Rave reviews for 12MP, but Ismail Sabri's Bumi focus splits opinions"</a>. <i>The Vibes</i>. 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Vibes&rft.atitle=Rave+reviews+for+12MP%2C+but+Ismail+Sabri%27s+Bumi+focus+splits+opinions&rft.date=2021-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thevibes.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F42842%2Frave-reviews-for-12mp-but-ismail-sabris-bumi-focus-splits-opinions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnand2021" class="citation news cs1">Anand, Ram (29 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/ismails-push-on-bumiputera-equity-faces-criticism-in-malaysia">"Malaysian PM Ismail's push on bumiputera equity faces criticism in country"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0585-3923">0585-3923</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Malaysian+PM+Ismail%27s+push+on+bumiputera+equity+faces+criticism+in+country&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft.issn=0585-3923&rft.aulast=Anand&rft.aufirst=Ram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fismails-push-on-bumiputera-equity-faces-criticism-in-malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2021/10/01/the-12th-malaysia-plan-and-what-people-think-of-it/">"The 12th Malaysia Plan and what people think of it"</a>. <i>Free Malaysia Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Malaysia+Today&rft.atitle=The+12th+Malaysia+Plan+and+what+people+think+of+it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fnation%2F2021%2F10%2F01%2Fthe-12th-malaysia-plan-and-what-people-think-of-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/former-minister-calls-govt-bumi-083357557.html">"Former minister calls govt's Bumi equity safety net 'suicidal', claims Malay businessmen not keen"</a>. <i>malaysia.news.yahoo.com</i>. 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=malaysia.news.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Former+minister+calls+govt%27s+Bumi+equity+safety+net+%27suicidal%27%2C+claims+Malay+businessmen+not+keen&rft.date=2021-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmalaysia.news.yahoo.com%2Fformer-minister-calls-govt-bumi-083357557.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://umno.org.my/en/sejarah-wanita-umno/">"History of Wanita UMNO"</a>. <i>UMNO Malaysia</i>. 19 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UMNO+Malaysia&rft.atitle=History+of+Wanita+UMNO&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fumno.org.my%2Fen%2Fsejarah-wanita-umno%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://umno.org.my/en/sejarah-puteri-umno/">"History of Puteri UMNO"</a>. <i>UMNO Malaysia</i>. 19 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UMNO+Malaysia&rft.atitle=History+of+Puteri+UMNO&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fumno.org.my%2Fen%2Fsejarah-puteri-umno%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chin, J (2018) From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332974659_From_Ketuanan_Melayu_to_Ketuanan_Islam_UMNO_and_the_Malaysian_Chinese_and_Final_Breakup_UMNO_and_the_Chinese_in_GE14_2018_James_Chin">Ketuanan Melayu to Ketuanan Islam</a>: UMNO and the Malaysian Chinese</li> <li>Welsh, B (ed). (2016) The End of UMNO?: Essays on Malaysia's dominant party</li> <li>Chin, James. (1999) "Going East: UMNO's entry into Sabah Politics". Asian Journal of Political Science, Vol 7, No 1 (June) 1999, pp. 20–40.</li> <li>Goh, Jenny (23 July 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060325194847/http://sam11.moe.gov.sg/racialharmony/teachers_03.html">"Small spark can create big mess"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Straits_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits Times">Straits Times</a></i>.</li> <li>Kamarudin, Raja Petra (7 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080123213754/http://www.malaysia-today.net/MMblues/2005/11/stuff-politicians-are-made-of.htm">"The stuff politicians are made of"</a>. <i>Malaysia Today</i>.</li> <li>Pillai, M.G.G. (3 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616184702/http://www.malaysia-today.net/columns/pillai/2005/11/national-front-parties-were-not-formed.htm">"National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence"</a>. <i>Malaysia Today</i>.</li> <li>Ibrahim Mahmood (1981) Sejarah Perjuangan UMNO, Penerbitan Antara Kuala Lumpur</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305205907/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/reuters/-malay-pride--rally-heightens-race-sensitivities-in-malaysia/41663850">"Pro-government Malaysian rally raises worry about ethnic tension – SWI swissinfo.ch"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/reuters/-malay-pride--rally-heightens-race-sensitivities-in-malaysia/41663850">the original</a> on 5 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pro-government+Malaysian+rally+raises+worry+about+ethnic+tension+%E2%80%93+SWI+swissinfo.ch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Freuters%2F-malay-pride--rally-heightens-race-sensitivities-in-malaysia%2F41663850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUMNO" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMNO&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:UMNO" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:UMNO">UMNO</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Library resources <a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=UMNO">in your library</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=UMNO&library=0CHOOSE0">in other libraries</a> about UMNO</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umno-online.my/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Barisan_Nasional" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(155deg, #FFFFFF, #000080, #FFFFFF, #000080, #FFFFFF)"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barisan_Nasional" title="Template:Barisan Nasional"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barisan_Nasional" title="Template talk:Barisan Nasional"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barisan_Nasional" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barisan Nasional"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Barisan_Nasional" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000080">Barisan Nasional</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Chairman of Advisor Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Chairman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Deputy Chairman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Hasan_(politician)" title="Mohamad Hasan (politician)">Mohamad Hasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Vice-Chairman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wee_Ka_Siong" title="Wee Ka Siong">Wee Ka Siong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigneswaran_Sanasee" title="Vigneswaran Sanasee">Vigneswaran Sanasee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kurup" title="Joseph Kurup">Joseph Kurup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Secretary-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Maslan" title="Ahmad Maslan">Ahmad Maslan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Treasurer-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hishammuddin_Hussein" title="Hishammuddin Hussein">Hishammuddin Hussein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Women Chief</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noraini_Ahmad" title="Noraini Ahmad">Noraini Ahmad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Youth Chief</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asyraf_Wajdi_Dusuki" title="Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki">Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">United Malays National <br /> Organisation (UMNO)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Deputy President: Mohamad Hasan</li> <li>Secretary-General: Ahmad Maslan</li> <li>Women Chief: Noraini Ahmad</li> <li>Youth Chief: Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki</li> <li>Puteri Chief: Zahida Zarik Khan</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Malaysian Chinese <br /> Association (MCA)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Deputy President: <a href="/wiki/Mah_Hang_Soon" title="Mah Hang Soon">Mah Hang Soon</a> (Deputy President)</li> <li>Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Chong_Sin_Woon" title="Chong Sin Woon">Chong Sin Woon</a></li> <li>Women Chief: Heng Seai Kie</li> <li>Youth Chief: Nicole Wong Siaw Ting</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Malaysian Indian <br /> Congress (MIC)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Deputy President: <a href="/wiki/Devamany_S._Krishnasamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Devamany S. Krishnasamy">Devamany S. Krishnasamy</a></li> <li>Secretary-General: M. Asojan</li> <li>Women Chief: Mohana Muniandy</li> <li>Youth Chief: Thinalan Rajagopalu</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Parti Bersatu <br /> Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Deputy President: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Joseph_Kurup" title="Arthur Joseph Kurup">Arthur Joseph Kurup</a></li> <li>Secretary-General: Richard Mosinal Kastum</li> <li>Women Chief: Zainon Hj. Kayum</li> <li>Youth Chief: Edwin Laimin</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">State Chairmen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Federal Territories: <a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul_Ghani" title="Johari Abdul Ghani">Johari Abdul Ghani</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Johor: Hasni Mohammad (UMNO)</li> <li>Kedah: <a href="/wiki/Mahdzir_Khalid" title="Mahdzir Khalid">Mahdzir Khalid</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Kelantan: Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub (UMNO)</li> <li>Malacca: Ab Rauf Yusoh (UMNO)</li> <li>Negeri Sembilan: <a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Hasan_(politician)" title="Mohamad Hasan (politician)">Mohamad Hasan</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Pahang: <a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Perak: Saarani Mohammad (UMNO)</li> <li>Perlis: <a href="/wiki/Azlan_Man" title="Azlan Man">Azlan Man</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Sabah: <a href="/wiki/Bung_Moktar_Radin" title="Bung Moktar Radin">Bung Moktar Radin</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Selangor: <a href="/wiki/Noh_Omar" title="Noh Omar">Noh Omar</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Penang: Musa Sheikh Fadzir (UMNO)</li> <li>Terengganu: <a href="/wiki/Idris_Jusoh" title="Idris Jusoh">Idris Jusoh</a> (UMNO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">State Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Perlis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Perlis">Menteri Besar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Perlis_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perlis State Legislative Assembly"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Perlis</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azlan_Man" title="Azlan Man">Azlan Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Perak" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Perak">Menteri Besar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Perak</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saarani_Mohammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Saarani Mohammad">Saarani Mohammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Pahang">Menteri Besar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Pahang</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Malacca">Chief Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Malacca</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Md_Ali" title="Sulaiman Md Ali">Sulaiman Md Ali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Johor">Menteri Besar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Johor</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onn_Hafiz_Ghazi" title="Onn Hafiz Ghazi">Onn Hafiz Ghazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Cabinet</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Rahman</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Rahman_cabinet" title="First Rahman cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Rahman_cabinet" title="Second Rahman cabinet">II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Third_Rahman_cabinet" title="Third Rahman cabinet">III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Rahman_cabinet" title="Fourth Rahman cabinet">IV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razak_Hussein" title="Abdul Razak Hussein">Razak</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Razak_cabinet" title="First Razak cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Razak_cabinet" title="Second Razak cabinet">II</a>)</li> <li>Hussein (<a href="/wiki/First_Hussein_cabinet" title="First Hussein cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Hussein_cabinet" title="Second Hussein cabinet">II</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Mahathir_cabinet" title="First Mahathir cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Second Mahathir cabinet">II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Third_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Third Mahathir cabinet">III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Fourth Mahathir cabinet">IV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Fifth Mahathir cabinet">V</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Sixth Mahathir cabinet">VI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Abdullah_cabinet" title="First Abdullah cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Abdullah_cabinet" title="Second Abdullah cabinet">II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Third_Abdullah_cabinet" title="Third Abdullah cabinet">III</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Najib_cabinet" title="First Najib cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Najib_cabinet" title="Second Najib cabinet">II</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Parti Perikatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">List of political parties in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_General_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian General Election">Malaysian general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_Political_parties_in_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malaysian_political_parties" title="Template:Malaysian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Malaysian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_Political_parties_in_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Political parties in Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_represented_in_the_Dewan_Negara,_Dewan_Rakyat_and/or_State_Assemblies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties represented in the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State Assemblies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan (PH)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">Democratic Action Party (DAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">People's Justice Party (PKR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_Party_(Malaysia)" title="National Trust Party (Malaysia)">National Trust Party (AMANAH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Kinabalu_Organisation" title="United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation">United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional (BN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association">Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah">Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_United_Peoples%27_Party" title="Sarawak United Peoples' Party">Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Progressive Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gagasan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah">Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_Party" title="United Sabah Party">United Sabah Party (PBS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Solidarity_Party" title="Homeland Solidarity Party">Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Sabah_Party" title="Love Sabah Party">Love Sabah Party (PCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Progressive_Party" title="Sabah Progressive Party">Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Hope_Party" title="Sabah People's Hope Party">Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional (PN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Indigenous_Party" title="Malaysian United Indigenous Party">Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Heritage Party (Malaysia)">Heritage Party (WARISAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Democratic_Alliance" title="Malaysian United Democratic Alliance">Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bangsa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bangsa Malaysia">Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Harmony_Party" title="Social Democratic Harmony Party">Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_without_representation_in_the_Parliament_and_State_Assemblies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Friends of Barisan Nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Makkal_Sakti_Party" title="Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party">Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Muslim_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress">Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Malaysia_Party" title="Love Malaysia Party">Love Malaysia Party (PCM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Malaysian_Indian_Progressive_Front" title="All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front">All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_United_Party" title="Malaysian Indian United Party">Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Punjabi Party of Malaysia">Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kuasa_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Kuasa Rakyat">Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Rights_Action_Party" title="Minority Rights Action Party">Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional (PN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_People%E2%80%99s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian People’s Party">Malaysian Indian People’s Party (MIPP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_National_Organisation_(New)" title="United Sabah National Organisation (New)">United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Tanah_Air" title="Gerakan Tanah Air">Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Front" title="Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front">Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumiputera_Perkasa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia">Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indian_Muslim_Alliance_Party" title="National Indian Muslim Alliance Party">Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_People%E2%80%99s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian People’s Party">Malaysian Indian People’s Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Socialist Party of Malaysia">Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Native_Co-operation_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah Native Co-operation Party">Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_National_Alliance_Party" title="Malaysia National Alliance Party">Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alternative_Party" title="People's Alternative Party">People's Alternative Party (PAP)</a></li> <li>Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Fighters%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Fighters' Party">Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG)</a></li> <li>Socialist Alternative (SA)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_National_Alliance_Party" title="Malaysia National Alliance Party">Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Progressive_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Progressive Party (Malaysia)">Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Welfare_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Welfare Party (Malaysia)">People's Welfare Party (KITA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_People%27s_Party" title="Malaysian United People's Party">Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Advancement_Party" title="Malaysian Advancement Party">Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Unity_Party" title="Sabah People's Unity Party">Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Front_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Penang Front Party">Penang Front Party (PFP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Party" title="Malaysian United Party">Malaysian United Party (MUP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Ceylonese_Congress" title="Malaysian Ceylonese Congress">Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Nationality_Party" title="Sabah Nationality Party">Sabah Nationality Party (PKS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_People%27s_Unity_Organisation" title="Sabah National People's Unity Organisation">Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kebenaran_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Kebenaran Sabah">Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Bugis_Sabah" title="Parti Bersatu Bugis Sabah">Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Ekonomi_Rakyat_Sabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sabah (page does not exist)">Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sejahtera_Angkatan_Perpaduan_Sabah" title="Parti Sejahtera Angkatan Perpaduan Sabah">Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Peace_Party" title="Sabah Peace Party">Parti Damai Sabah (SPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumi_Kenyalang" title="Parti Bumi Kenyalang">Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Science_Aspiration_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (page does not exist)">Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Ekonomi_Rakyat_Sarawak_Bersatu" title="Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sarawak Bersatu">Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Gabungan_Jaksa_Pendamai" title="Parti Rakyat Gabungan Jaksa Pendamai">Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_India_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Keadilan India Malaysia">Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Nasional_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Nasional Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian National Party (PNM)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Nasional_Penduduk_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Nasional Penduduk Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Green Party of Malaysia">Green Party of Malaysia (PHM)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People_First_Party_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People First Party (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">People First Party (URPARTI)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bahtera_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bahtera Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barisan_Penyatuan_Nasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barisan Penyatuan Nasional (page does not exist)">Barisan Penyatuan Nasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Aspirasi_Rakyat_Sarawak" title="Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bansa_Dayak_Sarawak_Baru" title="Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak Baru">Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Sedar_Rakyat_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)</a></li> <li>Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S)</li> <li>Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Defunct_parties_and_coalition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct parties and coalition</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct coalitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Malaya_Council_of_Joint_Action" title="All-Malaya Council of Joint Action">All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Front" title="Labour Front">Labour Front (LF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Sosialis" title="Barisan Sosialis">Socialist Front (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party (AP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah Front (page does not exist)">Barisan Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Ming_Court_Affair" title="1987 Ming Court Affair">Kumpulan Maju (MAJU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Perpaduan_Ummah" title="Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah">Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">Gagasan Rakyat (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif (BA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat (PR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct former parliamentary parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Party" title="Malayan Party">Malayan Party (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_National_Party" title="Sarawak National Party">Sarawak National Party (SNAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bansa_Dayak_Sarawak" title="Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak">Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malaysian_People%27s_Association" title="Sarawak Malaysian People's Association">Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Hizbul_Muslimin_Malaysia" title="Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia">Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Negara" title="Parti Negara">National Party (Negara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya" title="Labour Party of Malaya">Labour Party of Malaya (Lab)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perhimpunan_Kebangsaan" title="Parti Perhimpunan Kebangsaan"> National Convention Party (NCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_United_Front" title="Sabah People's United Front">Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Social_Justice_Party" title="Malaysian Social Justice Party">Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Democratic_Party" title="Malaysian Democratic Party">Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Melayu_Semangat_46" title="Parti Melayu Semangat 46">Semangat 46 (S46)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sarawak_Bersatu" title="Parti Sarawak Bersatu">Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_National_Organisation" title="United Sabah National Organisation">United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasok_Momogun_Organisation" title="United Pasok Momogun Organisation">United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasokmomogun_Kadazan_Organisation" title="United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation">United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah National Party">Sabah National Party (SANAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Association" title="Sabah Chinese Association">Sabah Chinese Association (SCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Chinese_Association" title="Sarawak Chinese Association">Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Front" title="People's Justice Front">People's Justice Front (AKAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_People%27s_Energy_Party" title="Sarawak People's Energy Party">Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="United Democratic Party (Malaysia)">United Democratic Party (UDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Progressive_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party">Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_of_Malaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslim League of Malaya (page does not exist)">Muslim League of Malaya (ML)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Perak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Association of Perak (page does not exist)">National Association of Perak (NAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radical Party (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">Radical Party (RADICAL)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak People's Organisation (page does not exist)">Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Consolidated_Party" title="Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party">Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_Indian_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah Indian Congress (page does not exist)">Sabah Indian Congress (SIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasok_Nunukragang_National_Organisation" title="United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation">United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Democratic_Party" title="Sabah Democratic Party">Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Malaya_Party" title="Independence of Malaya Party">Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party" title="Malayan Communist Party">Malayan Communist Party (MCP)</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya/Revolutionary_Faction" title="Communist Party of Malaya/Revolutionary Faction">Revolutionary Faction</a>)</i> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" title="Communist Party of Malaya/Marxist–Leninist">Marxist-Leninist</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Marhaen_Malaysia" title="Parti Marhaen Malaysia">Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan_Communist_Party" title="North Kalimantan Communist Party">North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor_Labour_Party" title="Selangor Labour Party">Selangor Labour Party (SLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikatan_Masyarakat_Islam_Malaysia" title="Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia">Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Sabah_People%27s_Front" title="Federated Sabah People's Front">Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Social Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Social Democratic Party (SDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_Wellesley_Labor_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Province Wellesley Labor Party (page does not exist)">Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purtobohan_Bumi_Putera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purtobohan Bumi Putera (page does not exist)">Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesatuan_Insaf_Tanah_Air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (page does not exist)">Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_People%27s_Progressive_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent People's Progressive Party (page does not exist)">Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Umat_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Umat Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_People%27s_Party_(1976)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United People's Party (1976) (page does not exist)">United People's Party (1976) (UPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Sabah_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Sabah People's Organisation (page does not exist)">United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_People%27s_Democratic_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah People's Democratic Party (page does not exist)">Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_Assembly_Party" title="United Sabah Assembly Party">United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Anak_Jati_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_People%27s_National_Party" title="Sarawak People's National Party">Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_United_Democratic_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak United Democratic Party (page does not exist)">Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Nasionalis_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Nasionalis Malaysia">Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Bumiputera_Sabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (page does not exist)">Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bertindak_Rakyat_abah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bertindak Rakyat abah (page does not exist)">Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Party" title="Sabah Chinese Party">Sabah Chinese Party (PCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_Momogun_Party" title="Sabah National Momogun Party">Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_United_Labour_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak United Labour Party (page does not exist)">Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Party" title="Sabah People's Party">Sabah People's Party (PRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Welfare_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Welfare Party (Malaysia)">Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Sabah_People%27s_Power_Party" title="United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party">United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Solidarity_Party" title="Malaysian Solidarity Party">Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Malaysian_Indian_Party" title="Democratic Malaysian Indian Party">Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Coalition_Congress" title="Community Coalition Congress">Community Coalition Congress (CCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Front" title="Sabah People's Front">Sabah People's Front (SPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Merdeka_Malaysia" title="Parti Merdeka Malaysia">Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Party_Malaysia" title="Human Rights Party Malaysia">Human Rights Party (HRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perpaduan_Masyarakat" title="Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat">Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* denotes non-registered parties<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_winning_political_parties_in_the_Malaysian_general_election_by_parliamentary_constituency" title="List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency">List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668154#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668154#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668154#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121130275">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157851173">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/6144329-3">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50059125">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35729367">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269142605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07550531?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/111199468">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UMNO&oldid=1258993649">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UMNO&oldid=1258993649</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Malays_National_Organisation" title="Category:United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_established_in_1946" title="Category:Political parties established in 1946">Political parties established in 1946</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Political parties in Malaysia">Political parties in Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1946_establishments_in_British_Malaya" title="Category:1946 establishments in British Malaya">1946 establishments in British Malaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_political_parties" title="Category:Ethnic political parties">Ethnic political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_political_parties_in_Singapore" title="Category:Defunct political parties in Singapore">Defunct political parties in Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Identity_politics" title="Category:Identity politics">Identity politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_conservative_parties" title="Category:National conservative parties">National conservative parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_conservative_parties" title="Category:Social conservative parties">Social conservative parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_parties_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Conservative parties in Malaysia">Conservative parties in Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Islamic political parties in Malaysia">Islamic political parties in Malaysia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Malay-language_sources_(ms)" title="Category:CS1 Malay-language sources (ms)">CS1 Malay-language sources (ms)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_January_2023" title="Category:EngvarB from January 2023">EngvarB from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2023">Use dmy dates from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Malay_(macrolanguage)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text">Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_March_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2020">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 20:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UMNO&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-zxkl7","wgBackendResponseTime":182,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.103","walltime":"2.387","ppvisitednodes":{"value":25003,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":403794,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":31993,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":16,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":271476,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1921.033 1 -total"," 24.22% 465.348 3 Template:Reflist"," 21.74% 417.719 1 Template:Infobox_political_party"," 20.80% 399.535 224 Template:Composition_bar"," 20.78% 399.140 1 Template:Infobox"," 11.58% 222.551 224 Template:Min"," 8.82% 169.484 21 Template:Cite_news"," 7.96% 152.909 31 Template:Cite_web"," 6.76% 129.921 3 Template:Lang"," 4.80% 92.233 1 Template:Politics_of_Malaysia"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.970","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18927328,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-7jzzb","timestamp":"20241125142816","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"UMNO","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UMNO","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1668154","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1668154","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-11-14T14:43:24Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T20:09:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/80\/UMNO_logo.svg","headline":"Malaysian political party"}</script> </body> </html>