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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Post-independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_authority_and_city_definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_authority_and_city_definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Local authority and city definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_authority_and_city_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courts_of_law_and_legal_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts_of_law_and_legal_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Courts of law and legal enforcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts_of_law_and_legal_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ethnicity and religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Land</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Taxi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other utilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_utilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other utilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture and leisure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_leisure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and leisure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attractions_and_recreation_spots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions_and_recreation_spots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Attractions and recreation spots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attractions_and_recreation_spots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Cultural attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chingay_parade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chingay_parade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>Chingay parade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chingay_parade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.3</span> <span>Historical attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure_and_conservation_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure_and_conservation_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.4</span> <span>Leisure and conservation areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure_and_conservation_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.5</span> <span>Other attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shopping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.6</span> <span>Shopping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.7</span> <span>Entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Radio stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Twin towns – Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Movies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Movies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Johor Bahru</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جوهر بهرو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوهر بهرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohor_Baru" title="Cohor Baru – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cohor Baru" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جوهور باهرو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جوهور باهرو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81" title="জোহর বাহরু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোহর বাহরু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhur_Bahru,_Malaysia" title="Juhur Bahru, Malaysia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Juhur Bahru, Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-soa%E2%81%BF" title="Sin-soaⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sin-soaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83" title="Джахор-Бару – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джахор-Бару" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D1%83" title="Джохор Бахру – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джохор Бахру" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%8C%CF%81_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%87%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Τζοχόρ Μπάχρου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζοχόρ Μπάχρου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Baharu" title="Johor Baharu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Johor Baharu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جوهر بهرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوهر بهرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%ED%98%B8%EB%A5%B4%EB%B0%94%EB%A3%A8" title="조호르바루 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조호르바루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ջոհոր Բահրու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոհոր Բահրու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="जोहोर बाहरू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोहोर बाहरू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83" title="Джохор-Бару – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Джохор-Бару" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95" title="ג'והור באהרו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'והור באהרו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3" title="ჯოჰორ-ბარუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯოჰორ-ბარუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEohor_Baru" title="Džohor Baru – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džohor Baru" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D1%83" title="Џохор Бахру – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џохор Бахру" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81" title="ജോഹർ ബാഹ്രു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോഹർ ബാഹ്രു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="जोहोर बारू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जोहोर बारू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဂျဟိုးဘာရူးမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျဟိုးဘာရူးမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB" title="ジョホールバル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョホールバル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joxor-baru" title="Joxor-baru – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Joxor-baru" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%BE%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جوھر بھرو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوھر بھرو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jor_Baru" title="Jor Baru – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jor Baru" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83" title="Джохор-Бару – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джохор-Бару" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Baharu" title="Johor Baharu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johor Baharu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜொகூர் பாரு நகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜொகூர் பாரு நகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="โจโฮร์บะฮ์รู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โจโฮร์บะฮ์รู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83" title="Джохор-Бару – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джохор-Бару" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%BE%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جوھر بھرو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوھر بھرو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="新山 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="新山" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="新山 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="新山" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="新山 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新山" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Johor Bahru" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Johor_Bahru&params=01_27_20_N_103_45_40_E_region:MY_type:city(858118)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">01°27′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">103°45′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.45556°N 103.76111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.45556; 103.76111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For the district, see <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru District</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Johor Bahru (disambiguation)">Johor Bahru (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Johar_Baru" title="Johar Baru">Johar Baru</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State capital city and district capital in Johor, Malaysia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Johor Bahru</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Malaysia" title="List of capitals in Malaysia">State capital</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Malaysia" title="List of cities in Malaysia">city</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Malaysia#District_capitals" title="List of capitals in Malaysia">district capital</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Johor Bahru<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Bandaraya Johor Bahru</i></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">جوهر بهارو</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">新山</span></span><br /><i>Xīnshān</i> <span style="font-size:70%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a>)</span><br /><i>Sin-soaⁿ</i> <span style="font-size:70%;">(<a href="/wiki/Peh-oe-ji" class="mw-redirect" title="Peh-oe-ji">Peh-oe-ji</a></span>)<br /><i>San1 saan1</i> <span style="font-size:70%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஜொகூர் பாரு</span></span><br /><span title="Tamil-language text"><i lang="ta-Latn">Jokūr Pāru</i></span> <span style="font-size:70%;">(<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">Transliteration</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="border:1;;height:129px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Bahru_skyline_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Johor_Bahru_skyline_at_night.jpg/278px-Johor_Bahru_skyline_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Johor_Bahru_skyline_at_night.jpg/417px-Johor_Bahru_skyline_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Johor_Bahru_skyline_at_night.jpg/556px-Johor_Bahru_skyline_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7292" data-file-height="3402" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Johor_Bahru" title="List of tallest buildings in Johor Bahru">City centre skyline</a> at night</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:166px;max-width:166px"><div style="border:1;;height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Istana_Bukit_Serene_-_The_Royal_Crown_(night,_2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Istana_Bukit_Serene_-_The_Royal_Crown_%28night%2C_2015%29.jpg/164px-Istana_Bukit_Serene_-_The_Royal_Crown_%28night%2C_2015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Istana_Bukit_Serene_-_The_Royal_Crown_%28night%2C_2015%29.jpg/246px-Istana_Bukit_Serene_-_The_Royal_Crown_%28night%2C_2015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Istana_Bukit_Serene_-_The_Royal_Crown_%28night%2C_2015%29.jpg/328px-Istana_Bukit_Serene_-_The_Royal_Crown_%28night%2C_2015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8869" data-file-height="4484" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Istana_Bukit_Serene" title="Istana Bukit Serene">Istana Bukit Serene</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div style="border:1;;height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg/110px-Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg/165px-Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg/220px-Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Abu Bakar Mosque">Sultan Abu Bakar Mosque</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div style="border:1;;height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perspective_View_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Perspective_View_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Building.jpg/97px-Perspective_View_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Perspective_View_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Building.jpg/146px-Perspective_View_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Perspective_View_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Building.jpg/194px-Perspective_View_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ibrahim_Building" title="Sultan Ibrahim Building">Sultan Ibrahim Building</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div style="border:1;;height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Figure_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Figure_Museum.JPG/86px-Figure_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="86" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Figure_Museum.JPG/129px-Figure_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Figure_Museum.JPG/172px-Figure_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1781" data-file-height="1336" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Figure_Museum" title="Figure Museum">Figure Museum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div style="border:1;;height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Persada_Johor_International_Convention_Centre_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Persada_Johor_International_Convention_Centre_5.jpg/86px-Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Persada_Johor_International_Convention_Centre_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Persada_Johor_International_Convention_Centre_5.jpg/129px-Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Persada_Johor_International_Convention_Centre_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Persada_Johor_International_Convention_Centre_5.jpg/172px-Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Persada_Johor_International_Convention_Centre_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div>Johor International Convention Centre</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div style="border:1;;height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Rainforest,_Johor_Bahru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/City_Rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg/163px-City_Rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/City_Rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg/245px-City_Rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/City_Rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg/326px-City_Rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="916" /></a></span></div><div>City Rainforest</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:113px;max-width:113px"><div style="border:1;;height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_shop_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_shop_building.jpg/111px-Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_shop_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_shop_building.jpg/167px-Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_shop_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_shop_building.jpg/222px-Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_shop_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div>Old downtown</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Johor_Bahru.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Johor Bahru"><img alt="Flag of Johor Bahru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Johor_Bahru.svg/100px-Flag_of_Johor_Bahru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Johor_Bahru.svg/150px-Flag_of_Johor_Bahru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Johor_Bahru.svg/200px-Flag_of_Johor_Bahru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crest_of_Johor_Bahru.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Johor Bahru"><img alt="Coat of arms of Johor Bahru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Crest_of_Johor_Bahru.svg/100px-Crest_of_Johor_Bahru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Crest_of_Johor_Bahru.svg/150px-Crest_of_Johor_Bahru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Crest_of_Johor_Bahru.svg/200px-Crest_of_Johor_Bahru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="437" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">JB, <br />Bandaraya Selatan <small>(Southern City)</small></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 290px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 290px; height: 270px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="270" data-zoom="11" data-lat="1.4555556" data-lon="103.76111111111" data-overlays="["_ec6437fa14b0dea6ecf6040d09f0085734857ee1"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/11/1.4555556/103.76111111111/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,1.4555556,103.76111111111,290x270.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Johor_Bahru&revid=1276000528&groups=_ec6437fa14b0dea6ecf6040d09f0085734857ee1" width="290" height="270" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,1.4555556,103.76111111111,290x270@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Johor_Bahru&revid=1276000528&groups=_ec6437fa14b0dea6ecf6040d09f0085734857ee1 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Map</div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Johor Bahru in Johor</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:275px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:275px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:275px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johor Bahru is located in Johor"><img alt="Johor Bahru is located in Johor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Johor_location_map.svg/275px-Johor_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Johor_location_map.svg/413px-Johor_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Johor_location_map.svg/550px-Johor_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="986" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:88.013%;left:66.099%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Johor Bahru"><img alt="Johor Bahru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Johor Bahru</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid black;background-color:#800000; color:white;"> </span> </span> <b>Johor Bahru</b> in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid black;background-color:#FEFEEF; color:black;"> </span> </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></b></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Johor</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:275px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:275px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:275px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaysia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johor Bahru is located in Malaysia"><img alt="Johor Bahru is located in Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Malaysia_location_map.svg/275px-Malaysia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Malaysia_location_map.svg/413px-Malaysia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Malaysia_location_map.svg/550px-Malaysia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="457" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.806%;left:22.672%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Johor Bahru"><img alt="Johor Bahru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Johor Bahru</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Johor Bahru (Malaysia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Malaysia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:275px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:275px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:275px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johor Bahru is located in Southeast Asia"><img alt="Johor Bahru is located in Southeast Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/275px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/413px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/550px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="378" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.326%;left:23.572%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Johor Bahru"><img alt="Johor Bahru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Johor Bahru</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Johor Bahru (Southeast Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Southeast Asia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:275px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:275px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:275px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johor Bahru is located in Asia"><img alt="Johor Bahru is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/275px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/413px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/550px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:88.966%;left:58.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Johor Bahru"><img alt="Johor Bahru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Johor Bahru</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Johor Bahru (Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Johor_Bahru&params=01_27_20_N_103_45_40_E_region:MY_type:city(858118)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">01°27′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">103°45′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.45556°N 103.76111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.45556; 103.76111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Malaysia">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru"><img alt="Johor Bahru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Central District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kangkar Tebrau</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Tebrau Areas</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kempas</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Larkin</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Majidee</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Maju Jaya</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mount Austin</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Pandan</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Pasir Pelangi</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Pelangi</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Permas Jaya</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Rinting</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Tampoi</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Tasek Utama</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">10 March 1855<br /><small>(as Tanjung Puteri)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Establishment of the local government</th><td class="infobox-data">1933</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Establishment of the Town Board</th><td class="infobox-data">1950</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipality status</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1977</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status</th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1994<span class="noprint">; 31 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1 January 1994</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_local_governments_in_Malaysia" title="List of local governments in Malaysia">City council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_City_Council" title="Johor Bahru City Council">Johor Bahru City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Noorazam Osman</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-total_area_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-total_area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">391.25 km<sup>2</sup> (151.06 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">32 m (105 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-stats_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stats-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">858,118</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,192/km<sup>2</sup> (5,680/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Johor Bahru</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Standard Time">MST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (Not observed)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in Malaysia">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">80xxx to 81xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Malaysia" title="Telephone numbers in Malaysia">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">07</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Malaysia" title="Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">J</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbjb.gov.my/">www<wbr />.mbjb<wbr />.gov<wbr />.my</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Johor Bahru</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Malaysian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="zsm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[ˈdʒohor<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈbahru]</a></span>), colloquially referred to as <b>JB</b>, is the capital city of the Malaysian <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/Core_city" title="Core city">core city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru District</a>, Malaysia's second-largest district by population and the second-largest district economy. Covering an area of 391.25 km<sup>2</sup>, Johor Bahru had a population of 858,118 people as of 2020, making it the nation's largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Malaysia" title="List of capitals in Malaysia">state capital city</a> by population. It is located at the southern end of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>, adjacent to the city-state of <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. </p><p>Johor Bahru is the financial and logistics centre of southern Peninsular Malaysia. It is the second best-performing city in the country behind the capital, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, in terms of economic competitiveness and prosperity, and <a href="/wiki/Ease_of_doing_business_index" title="Ease of doing business index">ease of doing business</a>. It also has the fastest <a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">urbanisation</a> growth in Malaysia, according to <a href="/wiki/Euromonitor_International" title="Euromonitor International">Euromonitor International</a>. Johor Bahru serves as one of two border gateways between Malaysia and Singapore, making it the <a href="/wiki/Border_checkpoint#Land" title="Border checkpoint">world's busiest international border crossing</a>; its direct land link to Singapore, via the <a href="/wiki/Johor%E2%80%93Singapore_Causeway" title="Johor–Singapore Causeway">JB-Woodlands Causeway</a>, <a href="/wiki/KTM_Intercity" title="KTM Intercity">KTM Shuttle Tebrau</a> and the future <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru%E2%80%93Singapore_Rapid_Transit_System" title="Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System">RTS Link</a>, is a key economic driver of this <a href="/wiki/Border_town" title="Border town">border city</a>. Johor Bahru is served by <a href="/wiki/Senai_International_Airport" title="Senai International Airport">Senai International Airport</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_container_ports" title="List of busiest container ports">15th-busiest port in the world</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tanjung_Pelepas" title="Port of Tanjung Pelepas">Tanjung Pelepas</a>. </p><p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor" title="Abu Bakar of Johor">Abu Bakar</a> between 1886 and 1895, the city witnessed further development and modernisation from a fishing village, with the construction of administrative centres, offices, schools, civic and religious buildings, and railways connecting to <a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_Singapore" title="Woodlands, Singapore">Woodlands</a>, Singapore. Along with most of Southeast Asia, Japanese forces <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">occupied</a> Johor Bahru from 1942 to 1945 during the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>. Johor Bahru thus became the post-war cradle of <a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay nationalism</a>, and a major political party, the <a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a> (UMNO) was founded at the <a href="/wiki/Istana_Besar" title="Istana Besar">Istana Besar</a> in 1946. After the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Independence_Day_parade" title="Malaysian Independence Day parade">formation of modern Malaysia</a> in 1963, Johor Bahru retained its status as state capital, and was eventually granted city status in 1994. Since 2006, Johor Bahru has formed the central region of <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Iskandar Malaysia">Iskandar Malaysia</a>, the nation's largest <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">special economic zone</a>, by investment value. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The present area of Johor Bahru was originally known as <i>Tanjung Puteri</i>, and was a fishing village of the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Malays" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Malays">Malays</a>. <a href="/wiki/Temenggong" title="Temenggong">Temenggong</a> <a href="/wiki/Temenggong_Daeng_Ibrahim" title="Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim">Daeng Ibrahim</a> then renamed <i>Tanjung Puteri</i> to <i>Iskandar Puteri</i> upon his arrival to the area in 1858, after acquiring the territory from <a href="/wiki/Ali_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ali Iskandar of Johor">Sultan Ali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was renamed to Johor Bahru by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor" title="Abu Bakar of Johor">Sultan Abu Bakar</a> following the Temenggong's death.<sup id="cite_ref-jb_history_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jb_history-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "Bah(a)ru" means "new" in Malay; thus, Johor Bahru means "New Johor". <i>Bahru</i> is normally written as "baru" in English (<a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Roman</a>) characters, today, although the word appears in other place names with several English spelling variants, such as in <a href="/wiki/Kota_Bharu" title="Kota Bharu">Kota Bharu</a>, Kelantan, and <a href="/wiki/Pekanbaru" title="Pekanbaru">Pekanbaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>). The <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British</a> preferred to write it as <i>Johore Bahru</i> or <i>Johore Bharu</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the currently-accepted western spelling is <i>Johor Bahru</i>—<i>Johore</i> is only spelt <i>Johor,</i> without the letter "e" at the end of the word, in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's name is also spelt as Johor Baru or Johor Baharu.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johor Bahru was once known as <i>Shantou</i>, or "Little Swatow", by the city's <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese community</a>, as most of the Chinese residents are <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a> whose ancestry can be traced back to <a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a>, China; they arrived in the mid-19th century, during the reign of Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim.<sup id="cite_ref-teochew_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teochew-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city, however, is generally known in Chinese as <i>Xinshan</i>, meaning "New Mountain" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">新山</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xīnshān</span></i>), as "mountain" may be used to mean "territory" or "land".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "New Mountain" distinguished it from "Old Mountain" (<i>Jiushan</i>), once used to refer to <a href="/wiki/Kranji" title="Kranji">Kranji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sembawang" title="Sembawang">Sembawang</a> (in Singapore), where the Chinese first cultivated <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uncaria_gambir" title="Uncaria gambir">gambier</a> on plantations before relocating to new lands in Johor Bahru in 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temenggong_Daeng_Ibrahim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Temenggong_Daeng_Ibrahim.jpg/140px-Temenggong_Daeng_Ibrahim.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Temenggong_Daeng_Ibrahim.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Temenggong_Daeng_Ibrahim" title="Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim">Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim</a>, who renamed Tanjung Puteri to Iskandar Puteri, old name of Johor Bahru</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to a dispute between the Malays and the <a href="/wiki/Bugis_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugis people">Bugis</a>, the Johor-Riau Sultanate was split in 1819 with the mainland portion of the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a> coming under the control of <a href="/wiki/Temenggong_Daeng_Ibrahim" title="Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim">Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Riau-Lingga_Sultanate" title="Riau-Lingga Sultanate">Riau-Lingga Sultanate</a> came under the control of the Bugis.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Temenggong intended to create a new administration centre for the Johor Sultanate to create a dynasty under the entity of Temenggong.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Temenggong already had a close relationship with the British and the British intended to have control over trade activities in Singapore, a treaty was signed between Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ali_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ali Iskandar of Johor">Ali</a> and Temenggong Ibrahim in Singapore on 10 March 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the treaty, Ali would be crowned as the Sultan of Johor and receive $5,000 (in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollars</a>) with an allowance of $500 per month.<sup id="cite_ref-jh_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jh-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return, Ali was required to cede the sovereignty of the territory of Johor (except <a href="/wiki/Kesang,_Malaysia" title="Kesang, Malaysia">Kesang</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muar_District" title="Muar District">Muar</a> which would be the only territory under his control) to Temenggong Ibrahim.<sup id="cite_ref-jh_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jh-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When both sides agreed on Temenggong acquiring the territory, he renamed it <i>Iskandar Puteri</i> and began to administer it from <a href="/wiki/Telok_Blangah" title="Telok Blangah">Telok Blangah</a> in Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-jb_history_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jb_history-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor" title="Abu Bakar of Johor"><img alt="Sultan Abu Bakar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/TAbu_Bakar.jpg/124px-TAbu_Bakar.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/TAbu_Bakar.jpg/186px-TAbu_Bakar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/TAbu_Bakar.jpg/248px-TAbu_Bakar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor" title="Abu Bakar of Johor">Abu Bakar</a>, recognised as the founder of the modern city of Johor Bahru<sup id="cite_ref-cj_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cj-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wong_Ah_Fook" title="Wong Ah Fook"><img alt="Wong Ah Fook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wong_Ah_Fook.png/108px-Wong_Ah_Fook.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wong_Ah_Fook.png/162px-Wong_Ah_Fook.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Wong_Ah_Fook.png/216px-Wong_Ah_Fook.png 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Wong_Ah_Fook" title="Wong Ah Fook">Wong Ah Fook</a>, the royal builder who contributed to the early development of the city's infrastructure</div></div></div></div></div> <p>As the area was still an undeveloped jungle, Temenggong encouraged the migration of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> to clear the land and to develop an agricultural economy in Johor.<sup id="cite_ref-cj_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cj-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese planted the area with <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gambier_(extract)" title="Gambier (extract)">gambier</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-jb_hs_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jb_hs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Javanese dug <i>parit</i> (<a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a>) to drain water from the land, build roads and plant <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconuts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, a Chinese businessman, pepper and gambier cultivator, <a href="/wiki/Wong_Ah_Fook" title="Wong Ah Fook">Wong Ah Fook</a> arrived; at the same time, the <a href="/wiki/Kangchu_system" title="Kangchu system"><i>Kangchu</i></a> and Javanese labour contract systems were introduced by the Chinese and Javanese communities.<sup id="cite_ref-cj_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cj-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Temenggong's death on 31 January 1862, the town was renamed "Johor Bahru" and his position was succeeded by his son, Abu Bakar, with the administration centre in Telok Blangah being moved to the area in 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-jb_history_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jb_history-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_administration">British administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg/220px-Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg/330px-Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg/440px-Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Segget River at the junction of Wong Ah Fook Street and Ungku Puan Street in Johor Bahru, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the first phase of Abu Bakar's administration, the British only recognised him as a <i><a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">maharaja</a></i> rather than a <i><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a></i>. In 1855, the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">British Colonial Office</a> began to recognise his status as a Sultan after he met <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SyedAkhtar2011_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyedAkhtar2011-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He managed to regain <a href="/wiki/Kesang,_Malaysia" title="Kesang, Malaysia">Kesang</a> territory for Johor after <a href="/wiki/Jementah_Civil_War" title="Jementah Civil War">a civil war</a> with the aid of British forces and he boosted the town's infrastructure and agricultural economy.<sup id="cite_ref-SyedAkhtar2011_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyedAkhtar2011-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dominique_Grele_292_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dominique_Grele_292-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infrastructure such as the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque" title="Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque">State Mosque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Istana_Besar" title="Istana Besar">Royal Palace</a> was built with the aid of Wong Ah Fook, who had become a close patron for the Sultan since his migration during the Temenggong reign.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Johor-British relationship improved, Abu Bakar also set up his administration under a British style and implemented a constitution known as <i><a href="/wiki/Undang-undang_Tubuh_Negeri_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor">Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor</a></i> (Johor State Constitution).<sup id="cite_ref-SyedAkhtar2011_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyedAkhtar2011-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the British had long been advisers for the Sultanate of Johor, the Sultanate never came under direct colonial rule of the British.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The direct colonial rule only came into effect when the status of the adviser was elevated to a status similar to that of a <a href="/wiki/Resident_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident (title)">Resident</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a> (FMS) during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim of Johor">Sultan Ibrahim</a> in 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Johor Bahru, the <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States_Railways" title="Federated Malay States Railways">Malay Peninsula railway extension</a> was finished in 1909,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1923 the Johor–Singapore Causeway was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johor Bahru developed at a modest rate <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">between the First and Second World Wars</a>. The secretariat building—<a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ibrahim_Building" title="Sultan Ibrahim Building">Sultan Ibrahim Building</a>—was completed in 1940 as the British colonial government attempted to streamline the state's administration.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_troops_final_stages_to_conquest_Singapore,_Johore_Bahru_(AWM_127900).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Japanese_troops_final_stages_to_conquest_Singapore%2C_Johore_Bahru_%28AWM_127900%29.JPG/220px-Japanese_troops_final_stages_to_conquest_Singapore%2C_Johore_Bahru_%28AWM_127900%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Japanese_troops_final_stages_to_conquest_Singapore%2C_Johore_Bahru_%28AWM_127900%29.JPG/330px-Japanese_troops_final_stages_to_conquest_Singapore%2C_Johore_Bahru_%28AWM_127900%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Japanese_troops_final_stages_to_conquest_Singapore%2C_Johore_Bahru_%28AWM_127900%29.JPG/440px-Japanese_troops_final_stages_to_conquest_Singapore%2C_Johore_Bahru_%28AWM_127900%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Japanese troops crouched in the street of Johor Bahru in the final stages of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Malaya">Battle of Malaya</a> to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">conquer Singapore</a>: image taken on 31 January 1942.</figcaption></figure> <p>The continuous development of Johor Bahru was, however, halted when <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">the Japanese</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Tomoyuki_Yamashita" title="Tomoyuki Yamashita">Tomoyuki Yamashita</a> invaded the town on 31 January 1942. As the Japanese had reached northwest Johor by 15 January, they easily captured major towns of Johor such of <a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_(town)" title="Batu Pahat (town)">Batu Pahat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yong_Peng" title="Yong Peng">Yong Peng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kluang" title="Kluang">Kluang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Hitam" title="Ayer Hitam">Ayer Hitam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LimWong2000_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LimWong2000-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British and other <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied forces</a> were forced to retreat towards Johor Bahru; however, following a further series of bombings by the Japanese on 29 January, the British retreated to Singapore and blew up the causeway the following day as a final attempt to stop the Japanese advance in British Malaya.<sup id="cite_ref-LimWong2000_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LimWong2000-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese then used the Sultan's residence of <a href="/wiki/Istana_Bukit_Serene" title="Istana Bukit Serene">Bukit Serene Palace</a> located in the town as their main temporary base for their future initial plans to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">conquer Singapore</a> while waiting to reconnect the causeway.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese chose the palace as their main base because they already knew the British would not dare to attack it as this would harm their close relationship with Johor.<sup id="cite_ref-LimWong2000_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LimWong2000-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg/220px-Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg/330px-Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>A view of the <a href="/wiki/Johor%E2%80%93Singapore_Causeway" title="Johor–Singapore Causeway">causeway</a>, after being blown up by <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> forces as a final action to counter the Japanese advance</figcaption></figure> <p>In less than a month, the Japanese repaired the causeway and invaded the Singapore island easily.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore1998_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore1998-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after the war ended in 1946, the town became the main hotspot for <a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay nationalism</a> in Malaya. <a href="/wiki/Onn_Jaafar" title="Onn Jaafar">Onn Jaafar</a>, a local Malay politician who later became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Johor">Chief Minister of Johor</a>, formed the <a href="/wiki/United_Malay_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malay National Organisation">United Malay National Organisation</a> party on 11 May 1946 when the Malays expressed their widespread disenchantment over the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a>'s action for granting citizenship laws to non-Malays in the proposed states of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An agreement over the policy was then reached in the town with Malays agreeing with the dominance of economy by the non-Malays and the Malays' dominance in political matters being agreed upon by non-Malays.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Racial conflict between the Malay and non-Malays, especially the Chinese, is being provoked continuously since the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence">Post-independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johor Bahru continued as the state capital and more development was carried out, with the town's expansion and the construction of more new townships and industrial estates. The <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesian confrontation</a> did not directly affect Johor Bahru as the main Indonesian landing point in Johor was in <a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Labis" title="Landing at Labis">Labis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenang">Tenang</a> in <a href="/wiki/Segamat_District" title="Segamat District">Segamat District</a> as well <a href="/wiki/Pontian_District" title="Pontian District">Pontian District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was only one active Indonesian spy organisation in the town, known as <i>Gerakan Ekonomi Melayu Indonesia</i> (GEMI). They frequently engaged with the Indonesian communities living there to contribute information for Indonesian commandos until the <a href="/wiki/MacDonald_House_bombing" title="MacDonald House bombing">bombing of the MacDonald House</a> in Singapore in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early 1990s, the town had considerably expanded in size, and was officially granted a <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Malaysia" title="List of cities in Malaysia">city status</a> on 1 January 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-city_status_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city_status-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_City_Council" title="Johor Bahru City Council">Johor Bahru City Council</a> was formed and the city's current main square, <a href="/wiki/Dataran_Bandaraya_Johor_Bahru" title="Dataran Bandaraya Johor Bahru">Dataran Bandaraya Johor Bahru</a>, was constructed to commemorate the event. A central business district was developed in the centre of the city from the mid-1990s in the area around <a href="/wiki/Jalan_Wong_Ah_Fook" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalan Wong Ah Fook">Wong Ah Fook Street</a>. The state and federal government channelled considerable funds for the development of the city—particularly more so after 2006, when the <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Iskandar Malaysia">Iskandar Malaysia</a> was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malaysia_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaysia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Astaka_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Astaka_2022.jpg/103px-The_Astaka_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Astaka_2022.jpg/154px-The_Astaka_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Astaka_2022.jpg/206px-The_Astaka_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="2701" /></a><figcaption>The Astaka is the tallest residential building in Southeast Asia.</figcaption></figure> <p>For more than ten years of building construction and rapid urbanisation in Johor Bahru, the city has experienced a series of property boom with many new higher-end high-rise apartments and commercial property, including <a href="/wiki/The_Astaka" title="The Astaka">The Astaka</a>, which has been the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Johor_Bahru" title="List of tallest buildings in Johor Bahru">tallest building in the city</a> and outside <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> since 2018, and is one of the tallest twin towers in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the gradual improvement of <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a>, Johor Bahru has also been ranked one of the global cities with the highest living quality, the third highest in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> after Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, according to <a href="/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)" title="Mercer (consulting firm)">Mercer</a>, as of 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Bahru_City_Council_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Johor_Bahru_City_Council_Tower.jpg/220px-Johor_Bahru_City_Council_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Johor_Bahru_City_Council_Tower.jpg/330px-Johor_Bahru_City_Council_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Johor_Bahru_City_Council_Tower.jpg/440px-Johor_Bahru_City_Council_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2747" data-file-height="2059" /></a><figcaption>MBJB Tower, the headquarter of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_City_Council" title="Johor Bahru City Council">Johor Bahru City Council</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As the capital city of Johor, the city plays an important role in the economic welfare of the entire state's population. According to the Doing Business Ranking published by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, Johor Bahru had the second most efficient governance in Malaysia in terms of property registration, only after <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is one member of parliament (MP) representing the single <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_(federal_constituency)" title="Johor Bahru (federal constituency)">parliamentary constituency</a> (<i>P.160</i>) in the city. The city also elects two representatives to the state legislature from the state assembly districts of Larkin and Stulang.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_authority_and_city_definition">Local authority and city definition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Local authority and city definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is administered by the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_City_Council" title="Johor Bahru City Council">Johor Bahru City Council</a>. The current mayor is Dato' Haji Mohd Noorazam bin Dato' Haji Osman, which took office since 15 August 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johor Bahru <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities of Malaysia">obtained city status</a> on 1 January 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-city_status_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city_status-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area under the jurisdiction of the Johor Bahru City Council includes Central District, Kangkar Tebrau, <a href="/wiki/Kempas" title="Kempas">Kempas</a>, Taman Sri Bahagia, Danga Bay, Taman Suria, Kampung Majidee Baru, Southkey, Taman Sri Tebrau, Taman Abad, Taman Sentosa, Banda Baru Uda, Taman Perling, <a href="/wiki/Larkin,_Johor" title="Larkin, Johor">Larkin</a>, Majidee, Kampung Maju Jaya, Bandar Dato´ Onn, Seri Austin, Adda Heights, Taman Gaya, Taman Daya, Taman Bukit Aliff, Setia Tropika, Taman Johor, Taman Anggerik, Taman Sri Putra, Mount Austin, Pandan, <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Pelangi" title="Pasir Pelangi">Pasir Pelangi</a>, Pelangi, Taman Johor Jaya, Taman Molek, <a href="/wiki/Permas_Jaya" title="Permas Jaya">Permas Jaya</a>, Rinting, <a href="/wiki/Tampoi,_Johor" title="Tampoi, Johor">Tampoi</a>, Tasek Utara and <a href="/wiki/Tebrau" title="Tebrau">Tebrau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This covers an area of 220 square kilometres (85 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-total_area_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-total_area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently there are 11 council members in the city council, which consists of 3 <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_Party_(Malaysia)" title="National Trust Party (Malaysia)">Amanah</a> members, 3 <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Indigenous_Party" title="Malaysian United Indigenous Party">Bersatu</a> members, 3 <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">DAP</a> members and 2 <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">PKR</a> members.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2021, mayor Adib Azhari Daud was arrested and taken into custody for allegedly accepting bribes from contractors while overseeing development of Johor Bahru. The arrest marks the first time an active Johor mayor has been arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts_of_law_and_legal_enforcement">Courts of law and legal enforcement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Courts of law and legal enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Bahru_High_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Johor_Bahru_High_Court.jpg/220px-Johor_Bahru_High_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Johor_Bahru_High_Court.jpg/330px-Johor_Bahru_High_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Johor_Bahru_High_Court.jpg/440px-Johor_Bahru_High_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption>Johor Bahru High Court</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Malaysia">city high court</a> complex is located along Dato' Onn Road.<sup id="cite_ref-jbcourt_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jbcourt-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sessions and Magistrate Courts is located on Ayer Molek Road,<sup id="cite_ref-jbcourt_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jbcourt-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while another <a href="/wiki/Syariah_Court" title="Syariah Court">court</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> law is located on Abu Bakar Road.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Johor (state) Police Contingent Headquarters is located on Tebrau Road.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johor Bahru's Southern District police headquarters, which also operates as a police station, is on Meldrum Road in the city centre. The Johor Bahru Southern District traffic police headquarters is a separate entity along Tebrau Road, close to the city centre. Johor Bahru's Northern District police headquarters and Northern District Traffic Police headquarters are co-located in Skudai, about 20 km north of the city centre. There are around eleven police stations and seven police substations (Pondok Polis) in the greater Johor Bahru area.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Prison" title="Johor Bahru Prison">Johor Bahru Prison</a> was located in the city along Ayer Molek Road, but was closed down after 122 years operation in December 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-Penjara_Johor_Bahru_Dalam_Kenangan_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penjara_Johor_Bahru_Dalam_Kenangan-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its function being transferred to an expanded prison in the town of Kluang about 110 km from Johor Bahru.<sup id="cite_ref-Penjara_Johor_Bahru_Dalam_Kenangan_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penjara_Johor_Bahru_Dalam_Kenangan-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other temporary lock-ups or prison cells are available in most police stations in the city, as in other parts of Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johor Bahru is located along the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Johor" title="Straits of Johor">Straits of Johor</a> at the southern end of <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolanski2006_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolanski2006-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, the city area was only 12.12 km<sup>2</sup> (4.68 sq mi) in 1933 before it was expanded to over 220 km<sup>2</sup> (85 sq mi) in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-total_area_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-total_area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tropical_rainforest,_Johor_Bahru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Tropical_rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg/220px-Tropical_rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Tropical_rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg/330px-Tropical_rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Tropical_rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg/440px-Tropical_rainforest%2C_Johor_Bahru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">Tropical rainforest</a> near the city, features an <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">equatorial climate</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has an equatorial climate with consistent temperatures, a considerable amount of rain, and high humidity throughout the course of the year. An equatorial climate is a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a> more subject to the <a href="/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone" title="Intertropical Convergence Zone">Intertropical Convergence Zone</a> than the <a href="/wiki/Trade_wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade wind">trade winds</a> and with no <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclone</a>. Daily average temperatures range from 26.4 °C (79.5 °F) in January to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) in April with an average annual rainfall of around 2,350 mm (93 in).<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wettest months, with 19 to 25 per cent more rain than average, are April, November and December.<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the climate is relatively uniform, it does show some seasonal variation due to the effects of <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoons</a>, with noticeable changes in wind speed and direction, cloud cover and amount of rainfall. There are two monsoon periods each year, the first one between mid-October and January, which is the north-east Monsoon. This period is characterised by heavier rainfall and wind from the north-east. The second one is the south-west Monsoon, which hardly affects the rainfall in Johor Bahru, where winds are from the south and south-west. This occurs between June and September.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Johor Bahru (<a href="/wiki/Senai_International_Airport" title="Senai International Airport">Senai International Airport</a>) (2006–2020 normals, extremes 2015–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #0CFF0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.6<br />(6.40) </td> <td style="background: #1AFF1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.8<br />(5.50) </td> <td style="background: #00CE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.4<br />(8.01) </td> <td style="background: #009700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">232.8<br />(9.17) </td> <td style="background: #00BD00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">215.3<br />(8.48) </td> <td style="background: #1AFF1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.1<br />(5.83) </td> <td style="background: #00F600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.0<br />(6.97) </td> <td style="background: #00E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.9<br />(7.32) </td> <td style="background: #00D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.8<br />(7.51) </td> <td style="background: #00B900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">217.7<br />(8.57) </td> <td style="background: #009000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">237.6<br />(9.35) </td> <td style="background: #009100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">244.5<br />(9.63) </td> <td style="background: #00D400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,355.5<br />(92.74) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">162 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: IEM<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organisation">World Meteorological Organisation</a> (precipitation 1974–2000)<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Meteomanz (extremes)<sup id="cite_ref-Meteomanz_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meteomanz-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johor Bahru has an official <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">demonym</a> where people are commonly referred to as "Johor Bahruans". The <a href="/wiki/Adjectivals_and_demonyms_for_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjectivals and demonyms for cities">terms</a> "J.B-ites" and "J.B-ians" have also been used to a limited extent. People from Johor are called Johoreans.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity_and_religion">Ethnicity and religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ethnicity and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Malaysian Census in 2020 reported the population of Johor Bahru as 858,118, making it the largest state capital city in Malaysia by population.<sup id="cite_ref-Department_of_Statistics_Malaysia-2024_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Department_of_Statistics_Malaysia-2024-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also forms the capital of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru District</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a>, and is the second largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Malaysia" title="List of districts in Malaysia">district</a> in Malaysia with a population of 1.8 million, as of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's population today is a mixture of three main ethnicities – Malays, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Indians</a>- along with other <a href="/wiki/Bumiputras" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumiputras">bumiputras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Malays in Johor Bahru are strongly related to the neighbouring Riau Malays in <a href="/wiki/Riau_Islands" title="Riau Islands">Riau Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> with significant populations of <a href="/wiki/Javanese_Malaysians" title="Javanese Malaysians">Javanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bugis-Malay" title="Bugis-Malay">Bugis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banjar_people" title="Banjar people">Banjarese</a> among the local Johorean Malay population.<sup id="cite_ref-Cumming2011_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumming2011-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese mainly are from the majority <a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hokkien</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a> (among the local Chinese) subgroups with minorities of <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Putian_people" title="Putian people">Henghua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_people" title="Fuzhou people">Foochow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hainanese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainanese people">Hainanese</a> among its local Chinese dominant minority populace,<sup id="cite_ref-teochew_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teochew-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Indian community are majoritally <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamils</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora" title="Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora">Ceylonese</a>), there are also small populations of <a href="/wiki/Telugus" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugus">Telugus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalis" title="Malayalis">Malayalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujaratis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindus" title="Bengali Hindus">Bengalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Hindus" title="Sindhi Hindus">Sindhis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_diaspora" title="Pashtun diaspora">Pashtuns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi people">Punjabis</a> among the Indian populace.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Malays are majority <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>, while the Chinese are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a>/<a href="/wiki/Taoists" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoists">Taoists</a> and the Indians were mostly <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> despite there is also a small numbers from the two ethnic groups that are Christians and Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small number of <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularists</a> can also be found in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque, the main mosque in the city."><img alt="Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque, the main mosque in the city." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg/120px-Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg/180px-Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg/240px-Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque" title="Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque">Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque</a>, the main mosque in the city.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple_-_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple, the world's first glass temple.[82]"><img alt="Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple, the world's first glass temple.[82]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple_-_Flickr.jpg/120px-Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple_-_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple_-_Flickr.jpg/180px-Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple_-_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple_-_Flickr.jpg/240px-Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple_-_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7952" data-file-height="5304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple" title="Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple">Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple</a>, the world's first glass temple.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple, the oldest Chinese temple in the city."><img alt="Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple, the oldest Chinese temple in the city." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG/120px-JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG/180px-JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG/240px-JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Old_Chinese_Temple" title="Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple">Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple</a>, the oldest <a href="/wiki/Chinese_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese temple">Chinese temple</a> in the city.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Immaculate_Conception_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of the Immaculate Conception, the oldest church in the city."><img alt="Church of the Immaculate Conception, the oldest church in the city." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Immaculate_Conception_4.jpg/90px-Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Immaculate_Conception_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Immaculate_Conception_4.jpg/135px-Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Immaculate_Conception_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Immaculate_Conception_4.jpg/180px-Wikimania_2023_-_Johor_Bahru_Photo_Walk_-_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Immaculate_Conception_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Johor)" title="Church of the Immaculate Conception (Johor)">Church of the Immaculate Conception</a>, the oldest church in the city.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local ethnic Malays speak the Malay language,<sup id="cite_ref-Cumming2011_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumming2011-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the language primarily spoken by the local Chinese is <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Mandarin" title="Malaysian Mandarin">Mandarin Chinese</a>. The Chinese community is represented by several dialect groups: <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hainanese_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainanese dialect">Hainanese</a> with small minorities of <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_people" title="Fuzhou people">Foochow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henghua" class="mw-redirect" title="Henghua">Henghua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LimWong2000_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LimWong2000-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indian community predominantly speaks <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, with a minority of <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> speakers. 60% of the city's population is fluent in English and it's higher among younger people.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Bahru,_Malaysia_-_49676323172.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Johor_Bahru%2C_Malaysia_-_49676323172.jpg/220px-Johor_Bahru%2C_Malaysia_-_49676323172.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Johor_Bahru%2C_Malaysia_-_49676323172.jpg/330px-Johor_Bahru%2C_Malaysia_-_49676323172.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Johor_Bahru%2C_Malaysia_-_49676323172.jpg/440px-Johor_Bahru%2C_Malaysia_-_49676323172.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Skyline of Johor Bahru</figcaption></figure> <p>Johor Bahru is the fastest-growing city in terms of urbanisation in Malaysia, according to <a href="/wiki/Euromonitor_International" title="Euromonitor International">Euromonitor International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JB_economy_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JB_economy-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the main commercial centre for Johor and is located in the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Growth_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle">Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle</a>. Johor Bahru is also the core city of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru District</a>, the second-largest district economy in Malaysia. It ranks second in the nation behind the capital, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, in terms of economic competitiveness and prosperity, according to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and Resonance, and is currently the 29th best Asian city, second in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is classified as Zone A of <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Iskandar Malaysia">Iskandar Malaysia</a>, the nation's largest <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">special economic zone</a> by investment value.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under this flagship zone, Johor Bahru has been designated by the government to develop various economic activities, such as finance, commerce and retail, and hospitality.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the centre of arts and culture, hospitality, urban tourism, plastic manufacturing, electrical and electronics and food processing.<sup id="cite_ref-infrastructures_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infrastructures-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main shopping districts are located within the city, with a number of large shopping malls located in the suburbs. Johor Bahru is the location of numerous <a href="/wiki/Business_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Business conference">conferences</a>, congress and trade fairs, such as the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Regional_Organisation_for_Planning_and_Housing" title="Eastern Regional Organisation for Planning and Housing">Eastern Regional Organisation for Planning and Housing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Islamic_Economic_Forum" title="World Islamic Economic Forum">World Islamic Economic Forum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is the first in Malaysia to practise a <a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_economy" title="Low-carbon economy">low-carbon economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, Johor Bahru was ranked 432nd globally in the Global City Lab's global cities report that assesses cities' economic brand values, the second in Malaysia after <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Persada_johor_international_convention_centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Persada_johor_international_convention_centre.jpg/220px-Persada_johor_international_convention_centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Persada_johor_international_convention_centre.jpg/330px-Persada_johor_international_convention_centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Persada_johor_international_convention_centre.jpg/440px-Persada_johor_international_convention_centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3863" data-file-height="2190" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Persada_Johor_International_Convention_Centre" title="Persada Johor International Convention Centre">Persada Johor International Convention Centre</a>, a major venue for <a href="/wiki/MICE_tourism" title="MICE tourism">business events</a> in Southern Malaysia.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector of industry">Tertiary-based industry</a> dominates the economy with many international tourists from the regions visiting the city.<sup id="cite_ref-JB_economy_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JB_economy-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ID_tourist_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ID_tourist-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ID_visit_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ID_visit-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has a very close economic relationship with Singapore. There are around 3,000 logistic lorries crossing between Johor Bahru and Singapore every day for delivering goods between the two sides for trading activities.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many residents in Singapore frequently visit the city during the weekends; some of them have also chosen to live in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-JB_economy_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JB_economy-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ID_tourist_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ID_tourist-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ID_visit_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ID_visit-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-malls_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malls-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the city's residents work in Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land">Land</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Land"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JB_Sentral_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/JB_Sentral_5.jpg/220px-JB_Sentral_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/JB_Sentral_5.jpg/330px-JB_Sentral_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/JB_Sentral_5.jpg/440px-JB_Sentral_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2787" data-file-height="2090" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Sentral_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru Sentral railway station">Johor Bahru Sentral</a>, a busy domestic and international <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">transportation hub</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larkin_Public_Market_and_Bazaar_(231104).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Larkin_Public_Market_and_Bazaar_%28231104%29.jpg/220px-Larkin_Public_Market_and_Bazaar_%28231104%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Larkin_Public_Market_and_Bazaar_%28231104%29.jpg/330px-Larkin_Public_Market_and_Bazaar_%28231104%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Larkin_Public_Market_and_Bazaar_%28231104%29.jpg/440px-Larkin_Public_Market_and_Bazaar_%28231104%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12000" data-file-height="9000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Larkin_Sentral" title="Larkin Sentral">Larkin Sentral</a>, an intercity bus terminal.</figcaption></figure> <p>The internal roads linking different parts of the city are mostly <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Federal_Roads_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Federal Roads system">federal roads</a> constructed and maintained by <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Public_Works_Department" title="Malaysian Public Works Department">Malaysian Public Works Department</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are five major highways linking the <a href="/wiki/Daerah_Sentral_Johor_Bahru" class="mw-redirect" title="Daerah Sentral Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru Central Business District</a> to outlying suburbs: <a href="/wiki/Tebrau_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Tebrau Highway">Tebrau Highway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Eastern_Dispersal_Link_Expressway" title="Johor Bahru Eastern Dispersal Link Expressway">Johor Bahru Eastern Dispersal Link Expressway</a> in the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Skudai_Highway" title="Skudai Highway">Skudai Highway</a> in the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Coastal_Highway" title="Iskandar Coastal Highway">Iskandar Coastal Highway</a> in the west and <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_East_Coast_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru East Coast Highway">Johor Bahru East Coast Highway</a> in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-infrastructures_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infrastructures-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang_Highway" title="Pasir Gudang Highway">Pasir Gudang Highway</a> and the connecting Johor Bahru Parkway cross Tebrau Highway and Skudai Highway, which serve as the middle <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring road</a> of the metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road">Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road</a>, which connects with the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Integrated_Gateway" title="Southern Integrated Gateway">Sultan Iskandar customs complex</a>, aids in controlling the traffic in and around the central business district.<sup id="cite_ref-infrastructures_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infrastructures-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Access to the national expressway is provided through the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_(Malaysia)" title="North–South Expressway (Malaysia)">North–South Expressway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senai%E2%80%93Desaru_Expressway" title="Senai–Desaru Expressway">Senai–Desaru Expressway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Johor%E2%80%93Singapore_Causeway" title="Johor–Singapore Causeway">Johor–Singapore Causeway</a> links the city to <a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_Singapore" title="Woodlands, Singapore">Woodlands, Singapore</a> with a six-lane road and a railway line terminating at the Southern Integrated Gateway.<sup id="cite_ref-infrastructures_95-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infrastructures-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bus">Bus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(MYS-Johor)_Handal_Indah_JWG5133_F100_2024-03-08_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%28MYS-Johor%29_Handal_Indah_JWG5133_F100_2024-03-08_%281%29.jpg/220px-%28MYS-Johor%29_Handal_Indah_JWG5133_F100_2024-03-08_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%28MYS-Johor%29_Handal_Indah_JWG5133_F100_2024-03-08_%281%29.jpg/330px-%28MYS-Johor%29_Handal_Indah_JWG5133_F100_2024-03-08_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%28MYS-Johor%29_Handal_Indah_JWG5133_F100_2024-03-08_%281%29.jpg/440px-%28MYS-Johor%29_Handal_Indah_JWG5133_F100_2024-03-08_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3565" data-file-height="2852" /></a><figcaption>Public buses at <a href="/wiki/JB_Sentral" class="mw-redirect" title="JB Sentral">JB Sentral</a> Bus Terminal, connecting suburbs with the city centre.</figcaption></figure> <p>The main bus terminal of the city is the <a href="/wiki/Larkin_Sentral" title="Larkin Sentral">Larkin Sentral</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Larkin,_Johor" title="Larkin, Johor">Larkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Larkin_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larkin-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other bus terminals include Taman Johor Jaya Bus Terminal<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ulu Tiram Bus Terminal.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Larkin Sentral has direct bus services to and from many destinations in West Malaysia, southern <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and Singapore, while Taman Johor Jaya and Ulu Tiram Bus Terminals serve local destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-Larkin_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larkin-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major bus operators in the city are <a href="/wiki/Causeway_Link" title="Causeway Link">Causeway Link</a>, Maju and S&S.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taxi">Taxi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Taxi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two types of taxis operate in the city; the main taxi is either in red and yellow, blue, green or red while the larger, less common type is known as a <a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">limousine</a> taxi, which is more comfortable but expensive. Most taxis in the city do not use their <a href="/wiki/Taxi_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxi meter">meter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railway">Railway</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is served by two railway stations, which are <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Sentral_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru Sentral railway station">Johor Bahru Sentral railway station</a><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Kempas_Baru_railway_station" title="Kempas Baru railway station">Kempas Baru railway station</a>. Both stations serve train services to Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, a new <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_train" title="Shuttle train">shuttle train</a> service operated by <a href="/wiki/Keretapi_Tanah_Melayu" title="Keretapi Tanah Melayu">Keretapi Tanah Melayu</a> (KTM) was launched providing transport to Woodlands in Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The under-construction <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru%E2%80%93Singapore_Rapid_Transit_System" title="Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System">Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System</a> (RTS Link) connecting Singapore, is Malaysia's first <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">LRT</a> line outside the Klang Valley, and will start operation in 2027. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is served by <a href="/wiki/Senai_International_Airport" title="Senai International Airport">Senai International Airport</a> located at the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Senai" title="Senai">Senai</a> town and connected through <a href="/wiki/Skudai_Highway" title="Skudai Highway">Skudai Highway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RichmondHarper2006_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RichmondHarper2006-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five airlines, <a href="/wiki/AirAsia" title="AirAsia">AirAsia</a> (and its subsidiaries <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_AirAsia" title="Indonesia AirAsia">Indonesia AirAsia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thai_AirAsia" title="Thai AirAsia">Thai AirAsia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Firefly_(airline)" title="Firefly (airline)">Firefly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines" title="Malaysia Airlines">Malaysia Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batik_Air_Malaysia" title="Batik Air Malaysia">Batik Air Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/TransNusa" title="TransNusa">TransNusa</a>, provide flights domestically as well as international flights to <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soekarno%E2%80%93Hatta_International_Airport" title="Soekarno–Hatta International Airport">Jakarta Soekarno–Hatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juanda_International_Airport" title="Juanda International Airport">Surabaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport" title="Tan Son Nhat International Airport">Hồ Chí Minh City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Mueang_International_Airport" title="Don Mueang International Airport">Bangkok Don Mueang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Changi_Airport" title="Changi Airport">Changi Airport</a> is 36.3 kilometres (22.6 mi) southeast of the city centre, across the border in Singapore, and is linked by a frequent cross-border coach service operated by Transtar Travel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea">Sea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boat services are available to ports in <a href="/wiki/Batam" title="Batam">Batam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bintan_Island" title="Bintan Island">Bintan</a> Islands in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> from <a href="/wiki/Stulang_Laut_Ferry_Terminal" title="Stulang Laut Ferry Terminal">Stulang Laut Ferry Terminal</a>, located near the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Stulang" title="Stulang">Stulang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RichmondHarper2006_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RichmondHarper2006-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also served by <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tanjung_Pelepas" title="Port of Tanjung Pelepas">Port of Tanjung Pelepas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johor_Port" title="Johor Port">Johor Port</a>, the former is currently the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_container_ports" title="List of busiest container ports">15th-busiest port in the world</a>, and the largest transshipment hub in Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_utilities">Other utilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Malaysia" title="List of hospitals in Malaysia">List of hospitals in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG/220px-Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG/330px-Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG/440px-Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1945" data-file-height="1459" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital" title="Sultanah Aminah Hospital">Sultanah Aminah Hospital</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are three <a href="/wiki/Public_hospital" title="Public hospital">public hospitals</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> four <a href="/wiki/Health_clinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Health clinic">health clinics</a><sup id="cite_ref-healthcare_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-healthcare-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thirteen <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia#1Malaysia_clinics" title="1Malaysia">1Malaysia clinics</a> in Johor Bahru.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital" title="Sultanah Aminah Hospital">Sultanah Aminah Hospital</a>, which is located along Persiaran Road, is the largest public hospital in Johor Bahru as well as in Johor with 989 beds.<sup id="cite_ref-healthcare_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-healthcare-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another government funded hospital is the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ismail_Specialist_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Ismail Specialist Hospital">Sultan Ismail Specialist Hospital</a> with 700 beds.<sup id="cite_ref-healthcare_126-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-healthcare-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another large private health facility is the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Corporation" title="Johor Corporation">KPJ</a> Puteri Specialist Hospital with 158 beds.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further healthcare facilities are currently being expanded to improve healthcare services in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Johor" title="List of schools in Johor">List of schools in Johor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maktab_Sultan_Abu_Bakar_(English_College).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Maktab_Sultan_Abu_Bakar_%28English_College%29.jpg/220px-Maktab_Sultan_Abu_Bakar_%28English_College%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Maktab_Sultan_Abu_Bakar_%28English_College%29.jpg/330px-Maktab_Sultan_Abu_Bakar_%28English_College%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Maktab_Sultan_Abu_Bakar_%28English_College%29.jpg/440px-Maktab_Sultan_Abu_Bakar_%28English_College%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/English_College_Johore_Bahru" title="English College Johore Bahru">English College Johore Bahru</a>, one of the oldest English institutions in Malaysia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many government or state schools are available in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malaysia#Secondary" title="Education in Malaysia">secondary schools</a> include <a href="/wiki/English_College_Johore_Bahru" title="English College Johore Bahru">English College Johore Bahru</a>, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Engku Aminah, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sultan Ismail, Sekolah Menengah Infant Jesus Convent, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (Perempuan) Sultan Ibrahim and Sekolah Menengah Saint Joseph.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also a number of international schools in the city. These include <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_College_Malaysia" title="Marlborough College Malaysia">Marlborough College Malaysia</a>, Shattuck-St. Mary's Forest City International School, Raffles American School, Sunway International School. The other private universities are <a href="/wiki/Monash_University_Malaysia" title="Monash University Malaysia">Monash University Malaysia</a> (Clinical School), City University Malaysia, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle University</a> Medicine Malaysia, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a> Malaysia, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">University of Southampton</a> Malaysia, and others. There are also a number of private college campuses and one polytechnic operating in the city; these are <a href="/wiki/Crescendo_International_College" title="Crescendo International College">Crescendo International College</a>, KPJ College, Olympia College, <a href="/wiki/Sunway_College_Johor_Bahru" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunway College Johor Bahru">Sunway College Johor Bahru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taylor%27s_University" title="Taylor's University">Taylor's College</a> and College of Islamic Studies Johor.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Libraries">Libraries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Public_Library_Corporation_(2020).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Johor_Public_Library_Corporation_%282020%29.jpg/220px-Johor_Public_Library_Corporation_%282020%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Johor_Public_Library_Corporation_%282020%29.jpg/330px-Johor_Public_Library_Corporation_%282020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Johor_Public_Library_Corporation_%282020%29.jpg/440px-Johor_Public_Library_Corporation_%282020%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2582" data-file-height="1937" /></a><figcaption>Johor State Library</figcaption></figure> <p>The Johor State Library, also known as the Johor Public Library Corporation headquarters is the main library in the state, located off Yahya Awal Road.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another public library branch is the University Park in Kebudayaan Road, while there are other libraries or private libraries in schools, colleges, and universities.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two village libraries are available in the district of Johor Bahru.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_leisure">Culture and leisure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Culture and leisure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions_and_recreation_spots">Attractions and recreation spots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Attractions and recreation spots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_landmarks" title="Johor Bahru landmarks">Johor Bahru landmarks</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cultural_attractions">Cultural attractions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cultural attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Permaisuri_Zarith_Sofiahs_operahus_i_Johor_Bahru_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Permaisuri_Zarith_Sofiahs_operahus_i_Johor_Bahru_04.jpg/220px-Permaisuri_Zarith_Sofiahs_operahus_i_Johor_Bahru_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Permaisuri_Zarith_Sofiahs_operahus_i_Johor_Bahru_04.jpg/330px-Permaisuri_Zarith_Sofiahs_operahus_i_Johor_Bahru_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Permaisuri_Zarith_Sofiahs_operahus_i_Johor_Bahru_04.jpg/440px-Permaisuri_Zarith_Sofiahs_operahus_i_Johor_Bahru_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3468" /></a><figcaption>Permaisuri Zarith Sofiah Opera House, the first international <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera house</a> in Johor.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are a number of cultural attractions in Johor Bahru. The Royal Abu Bakar Museum located within the <a href="/wiki/Istana_Besar" title="Istana Besar">Grand Palace</a> building is the main museum in the city. The Johor Bahru Kwong Siew Heritage located in Wong Ah Fook Street housed the former Cantonese clan house that was donated by <a href="/wiki/Wong_Ah_Fook" title="Wong Ah Fook">Wong Ah Fook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Foon_Yew_High_School" title="Foon Yew High School">Foon Yew High School</a> houses many historical documents of the city history with a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese cultural</a> heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-is_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Chinese_Heritage_Museum" title="Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum">Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum</a> on Ibrahim Road includes the history of Chinese migration to Johor along with a collection of documents, photos, and other artefacts.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-poi_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poi-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Johor_Art_Gallery" title="Johor Art Gallery">Johor Art Gallery</a> in Petrie Road is a house gallery built in 1910, known as the house for the former third Chief Minister of Johor, Abdullah Jaafar. The house features old architecture and became the centre for the collection of artefacts related to Johor's cultural history since its renovation in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-is_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chingay_parade">Chingay parade</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Chingay parade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg/220px-Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg/330px-Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg/440px-Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Chingay parade in 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a> community holds the <a href="/wiki/Chingay_parade" title="Chingay parade">Chingay parade</a> annually by the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Old_Chinese_Temple" title="Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple">Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple</a>, which unites the five Chinese ethnic groups in Johor, namely <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hainan_people" title="Hainan people">Hainanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hoklo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a>. This co-operation among different Chinese cultures under a voluntary organisation became a symbol of harmony among the different Chinese people that deepens their sense of heritage to preserve their cultural traditions. The <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Chinese_Heritage_Museum" title="Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum">Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum</a> describes the history of Chinese migration into Johor from the 14th to 19th centuries during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> dynasties. The ruler of Johor encouraged the Chinese community to plant <a href="/wiki/Gambier_(extract)" title="Gambier (extract)">gambier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">pepper</a> in the interior. Many of these farmers switched to <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> cultivation in the 20th century, making Johor one of Malaysia's top fruit producers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_attractions">Historical attractions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Historical attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SultanPalastJB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SultanPalastJB.jpg/220px-SultanPalastJB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SultanPalastJB.jpg/330px-SultanPalastJB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SultanPalastJB.jpg/440px-SultanPalastJB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Istana_Besar" title="Istana Besar">Grand Palace</a>, one of the important historical buildings in the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Istana_Besar" title="Istana Besar">Grand Palace</a> is one of the historical attractions in the city, and is an example of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian-style architecture</a> with a garden. <a href="/wiki/Figure_Museum" title="Figure Museum">Figure Museum</a> is another historical colonial building since 1886 which ever become the house for the Johor first Menteri Besar <a href="/wiki/Jaafar_Muhammad" title="Jaafar Muhammad">Jaafar Muhammad</a>; it is located on the top of Smile Hill (<i>Bukit Senyum</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-heritage_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English College (now <i>Maktab Sultan Abu Bakar</i>) established in 1914 was located close to the Sungai Chat Palace before being moved to its present location at Sungai Chat Road; some of the ruins are visible at the old site.<sup id="cite_ref-Dominique_Grele_292_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dominique_Grele_292-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ibrahim_Building" title="Sultan Ibrahim Building">Sultan Ibrahim Building</a> is another historical building in the city; built in 1936 by British architect <a href="/wiki/Palmer_and_Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmer and Turner">Palmer and Turner</a>, it was the centre of the administration of Johor as since the relocation from Telok Blangah in Singapore, the Johor government never had its own building.<sup id="cite_ref-is_138-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the current railway station was built, there was <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru railway station">Johor Bahru railway station</a> (formerly Wooden Railway) which has now been turned into a museum after serving for 100 years since the British colonial era.<sup id="cite_ref-poi_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poi-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KTM_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/KTM_Museum.jpg/220px-KTM_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/KTM_Museum.jpg/330px-KTM_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/KTM_Museum.jpg/440px-KTM_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru railway station">Johor Bahru railway station</a>, now a musuem, had served for 100 years before being replaced by the new <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Sentral_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru Sentral railway station">Johor Bahru Sentral</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque" title="Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque">Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque</a>, located along Skudai Road, is the main and the oldest mosque in the state. It was built with a combination of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malay_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay architecture">Malay</a> architectures.<sup id="cite_ref-is_138-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Old_Chinese_Temple" title="Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple">Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple</a>, which is the oldest Chinese temple in the city, is located on the Trus Road, dedicated to the Five Patron Deities from the five Southern Chinese Clans (<a href="/wiki/Min_nan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Min nan people">Hokkien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a> & <a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a>) in the city. It was built in 1875 and renovated by the <i>Persekutuan Tiong Hua Johor Bahru</i> (Johor Bahru Tiong Hua Association) in 1994–95 with the addition of a small L-shaped museum in one corner of the square premises.<sup id="cite_ref-jb_hs_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jb_hs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wong Ah Fook Mansion, the home of the late Wong Ah Fook, was a former historical attraction. It stood for more than 150 years but was demolished illegally by its owner in 2014 to make way for a commercial housing development without informing the state government.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other historical religious buildings include the <a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Sri_Rajakaliamman_Glass_Temple" title="Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple">Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Hindu Temple</a>, which is the first glass temple in the world<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Sri Raja Mariamman Hindu Temple, Gurdwara Sahib and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Johor)" title="Church of the Immaculate Conception (Johor)">Church of the Immaculate Conception</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-poi_140-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poi-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-heritage_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leisure_and_conservation_areas">Leisure and conservation areas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Leisure and conservation areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoo_Johor_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Zoo_Johor_entrance.jpg/220px-Zoo_Johor_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Zoo_Johor_entrance.jpg/330px-Zoo_Johor_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Zoo_Johor_entrance.jpg/440px-Zoo_Johor_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8064" data-file-height="6048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johor_Zoo" title="Johor Zoo">Johor Zoo</a> is the oldest zoo in Malaysia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Danga_Bay" title="Danga Bay">Danga Bay</a> is a 25 kilometres (16 mi) area of recreational waterfront. There are around 15 established golf courses, of which two offer 36-hole facilities; most of these are located within resorts. The city also features several <a href="/wiki/Paintball" title="Paintball">paintball</a> parks which are also used for <a href="/wiki/Off-roading" title="Off-roading">off-road motorsports</a> activities.<sup id="cite_ref-poi_140-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poi-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Johor_Zoo" title="Johor Zoo">Johor Zoo</a> is the oldest zoo in Malaysia, built in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It covers 4 hectares (9.9 acres) of land, it was originally called "animal garden" before being handed to the state government for renovation in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The zoo has around 100 species of animals, including <a href="/wiki/Wild_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild cat">wild cats</a>, camels, <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorillas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutans</a>, and tropical birds.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visitors can participate in activities such as horse riding or using <a href="/wiki/Pedalo" title="Pedalo">pedalos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-is_138-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest park in the city is the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Park_(Johor_Bahru)" title="Independence Park (Johor Bahru)">Independence Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_attractions">Other attractions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Other attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Squares_Way,_JB,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Blue_Squares_Way%2C_JB%2C_Malaysia.jpg/220px-Blue_Squares_Way%2C_JB%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Blue_Squares_Way%2C_JB%2C_Malaysia.jpg/330px-Blue_Squares_Way%2C_JB%2C_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Blue_Squares_Way%2C_JB%2C_Malaysia.jpg/440px-Blue_Squares_Way%2C_JB%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Wong Ah Fook Street, one of the major cultural and food streets in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Dataran_Bandaraya_Johor_Bahru" title="Dataran Bandaraya Johor Bahru">Dataran Bandaraya</a> was built after Johor Bahru was proclaimed as a city. The site features a <a href="/wiki/Clock_tower" title="Clock tower">clock tower</a>, fountain and a large field.<sup id="cite_ref-is_138-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Wong_Ah_Fook_Street" title="Wong Ah Fook Street">Wong Ah Fook Street</a> is named after Wong Ah Fook. The Tan Hiok Nee Street is named after <a href="/wiki/Tan_Hiok_Nee" title="Tan Hiok Nee">Tan Hiok Nee</a>, who was the leader of the former <a href="/wiki/Ngee_Heng_Kongsi_of_Johor" title="Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor">Ngee Heng Kongsi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">secret society</a> in Johor Bahru. Together with the Dhoby Street, both are part of a trail known as Old Buildings Road; they feature a mixture of Chinese and Indian heritages, reflected by their forms of ethnic business and architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-poi_140-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poi-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-heritage_141-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shopping">Shopping</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Shopping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Malaysia" title="List of shopping malls in Malaysia">List of shopping malls in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KSL_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/KSL_City.jpg/220px-KSL_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/KSL_City.jpg/330px-KSL_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/KSL_City.jpg/440px-KSL_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/KSL_City" title="KSL City">KSL City Mall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Mawar Handicrafts Centre, a government-funded exhibition and sales centre, is located along the Sungai Chat road and sells various batik and <a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">songket</a> clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore1998_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore1998-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposite this is the Johor Area Rehabilitation Organisation (JARO) Handicrafts Centre which sells items such as hand-made cane furniture, soft toys and <a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">rattan</a> baskets made by the <a href="/wiki/Physical_disability" title="Physical disability">physically disabled</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-poi_140-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poi-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, Johor is the state with the most shopping malls in Malaysia, primarily concentrating in Johor Bahru.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some prominent shopping centres in the city include <a href="/wiki/Mid_Valley_Southkey" title="Mid Valley Southkey">Mid Valley Southkey</a>, Paradigm Mall Johor Bahru, Toppen Shopping Centre, <a href="/wiki/IKEA" title="IKEA">IKEA</a> Tebrau, <a href="/wiki/Aeon_(company)" title="Aeon (company)">AEON</a> Mall Tebrau City, <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_City_Square" title="Johor Bahru City Square">Johor Bahru City Square</a>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broadway_Theatre_(2018).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Broadway_Theatre_%282018%29.jpg/220px-Broadway_Theatre_%282018%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Broadway_Theatre_%282018%29.jpg/330px-Broadway_Theatre_%282018%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Broadway_Theatre_%282018%29.jpg/440px-Broadway_Theatre_%282018%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Broadway Theatre</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JLand_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JLand_Tower.jpg/113px-JLand_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JLand_Tower.jpg/170px-JLand_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JLand_Tower.jpg/227px-JLand_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2041" data-file-height="2695" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Observation_deck" title="Observation deck">Observation deck</a> in JLand Tower.</figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest cinema in the city was the Broadway Theatre which mostly screened <a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> movies. Other cinemas available in the city located inside shopping malls.<sup id="cite_ref-poi_140-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poi-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JLand Tower, located in the city centre, also features a glass-floored <a href="/wiki/Skyway" title="Skyway">skybridge</a> and the city's tallest observation deck.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larkin_Arena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Larkin_Arena.jpg/220px-Larkin_Arena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Larkin_Arena.jpg/330px-Larkin_Arena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Larkin_Arena.jpg/440px-Larkin_Arena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="1861" /></a><figcaption>Arena Larkin Indoor Stadium</figcaption></figure> <p>The city's main association football club is a <a href="/wiki/Johor_Darul_Ta%27zim_F.C." title="Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.">Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.</a> Its home stadium is <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ibrahim_Stadium" title="Sultan Ibrahim Stadium">Sultan Ibrahim Stadium</a> has a capacity of around 40,000. There is also a <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a> centre, known as Sports Prima, which has eight minimum-sized <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> approved futsal courts; it is the largest indoor sports centre in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_stations">Radio stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Radio stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two radio stations have their offices in the city: <a href="/wiki/Best_FM_(Malaysia)" title="Best FM (Malaysia)">Best FM</a> (104.1)<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Johor_FM" title="Johor FM">Johor FM</a> (101.9).<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Malaysia#Johor_Bahru" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Malaysia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Malaysia</a></div> <p>Several countries have set up their consulates in Johor Bahru, including <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_Sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – Sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Twin towns – Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johor Bahru's <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">sister cities</a> are: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Changzhou,_Jiangsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Changzhou, Jiangsu">Changzhou, Jiangsu</a>, China<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuching,_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuching, Sarawak">Kuching, Sarawak</a>, Malaysia<sup id="cite_ref-bags_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bags-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Türkiye (Turkey)<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime">Crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Malaysia" title="Crime in Malaysia">Crime in Malaysia</a></div> <p>As of 2025, Johor Bahru has become the second safest city in Malaysia with the second lowest crime index.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was once notorious for its relatively high crime rate, compared to other urban areas in Malaysia. In 2014, Johor Bahru South police district recorded one of the highest crime rates in the country with 4,151 cases, behind <a href="/wiki/Petaling_Jaya" title="Petaling Jaya">Petaling Jaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singaporeans visiting or transiting through the neighbouring city are often targeted by criminals.<sup id="cite_ref-crime_hotspot_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crime_hotspot-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gang and unarmed robberies accounted for about 76% of the city's criminal cases in 2013 alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Malaysia_Nigeria_urban_crime_comparison_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaysia_Nigeria_urban_crime_comparison-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illegal car cloning was also rampant in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, there were some areas in the city centre turning into <a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">red-light districts</a>, despite <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Malaysia" title="Prostitution in Malaysia">prostitution being illegal in Malaysia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Malaysia" title="Human trafficking in Malaysia">Human trafficking syndicates</a> are active at Johor Bahru where they smuggle foreigners duped into prostitution.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movies">Movies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Movies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Punggok_Rindukan_Bulan" title="Punggok Rindukan Bulan">Punggok Rindukan Bulan</a></i> (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hishammuddin_Hussein" title="Hishammuddin Hussein">Hishammuddin Hussein</a> (born 1961), Malaysian senior politician belonging to the <a href="/wiki/UMNO" title="UMNO">UMNO</a> party<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Sultan Ibrahim Ismail</a> (born 1958), current sultan cum 16th reigning <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Chu" title="Joyce Chu">Joyce Chu</a> (born 1997), singer-actress<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onn_Jaafar" title="Onn Jaafar">Onn Jaafar</a> (1895–1962), founder of the <a href="/wiki/UMNO" title="UMNO">UMNO</a> political party<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Jordan" title="Christina Jordan">Christina Jordan</a> (born 1962), Malaysian-born British politician<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivien_Yeo" title="Vivien Yeo">Vivien Yeo</a> (born 1984), Malaysian actress based in Hong Kong<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Lee" title="Gin Lee">Gin Lee</a> (born 1987), Malaysian singer based in Hong Kong<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kuok" title="Robert Kuok">Robert Kuok</a> (born 1923), Business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. Top 100 wealthiest people in world.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng_Tze_Yong" title="Ng Tze Yong">Ng Tze Yong</a> (born 2000), national badminton player<sup id="cite_ref-JBborn_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBborn-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronny_Chieng" title="Ronny Chieng">Ronny Chieng</a> (born 1985), Malaysian comedian and actor based in United States<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman_Hassanal_Jeffri" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman Hassanal Jeffri">Tunku Abdul Rahman Hassanal Jeffri</a> (born 1993), racing driver and member of the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Royal Family">Johor Royal Family</a><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Francis" title="Sebastian Francis">Sebastian Francis</a> (born 1951), fifth bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Penang" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Penang">Roman Catholic Diocese of Penang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinal</a> of the Catholic Church<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_landmarks" title="Johor Bahru landmarks">Johor Bahru landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Central_Business_District" title="Johor Bahru Central Business District">Johor Bahru Central Business District</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Another early attack to destabilise Malaysia was done with the murder of Malay <a href="/wiki/Trishaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Trishaw">trishaw</a> in Singapore that led to the racial conflict between Malay and Chinese there. At the first stage of the conflict, it was alleged the murder was done by a Chinese but this was however turned down when further investigation revealed the murder was actually done by Indonesian agents who had infiltrate Singapore in an attempt to weakening the unity of race there during <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">the state was still part of Malaysia</a>. (Drysdale, Halim and Jamie)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-total_area-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-total_area_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-total_area_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-total_area_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150822145113/http://www.mbjb.gov.my/web/guest/infokuantan/background?p_p_id=56_INSTANCE_qwAN&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&page=2">"Background (Total Area)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_City_Council" title="Johor Bahru City Council">Johor Bahru City Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbjb.gov.my/web/guest/infokuantan/background?p_p_id=56_INSTANCE_qwAN&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&page=2">the original</a> on 22 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+%28Total+Area%29&rft.pub=Johor+Bahru+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbjb.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Finfokuantan%2Fbackground%3Fp_p_id%3D56_INSTANCE_qwAN%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-1%26p_p_col_count%3D1%26page%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150822145554/http://www.floodmap.net/elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=1732752">"Malaysia Elevation Map (Elevation of Johor Bahru)"</a>. Flood Map : Water Level Elevation Map. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.floodmap.net/elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=1732752">the original</a> on 22 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia+Elevation+Map+%28Elevation+of+Johor+Bahru%29&rft.pub=Flood+Map+%3A+Water+Level+Elevation+Map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.floodmap.net%2Felevation%2FElevationMap%2F%3Fgi%3D1732752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stats-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stats_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131114184213/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/population/04Jadual_PBT_negeri/PBT_Johor.pdf">"Total population by ethnic group, Local Authority area and state, Malaysia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistics Department, Malaysia. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/population/04Jadual_PBT_negeri/PBT_Johor.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Total+population+by+ethnic+group%2C+Local+Authority+area+and+state%2C+Malaysia&rft.pub=Statistics+Department%2C+Malaysia&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.my%2Fportal%2Fdownload_Population%2Ffiles%2Fpopulation%2F04Jadual_PBT_negeri%2FPBT_Johor.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZainol_Abidin_Idid_(Syed.)" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zainol Abidin Idid (Syed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AePVAAAAMAAJ"><i>Pemeliharaan warisan rupa bandar: panduan mengenali warisan rupa bandar berasaskan inventori bangunan warisan Malaysia</i></a> (in Malay). Badan Warisan Malaysia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-99554-1-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-99554-1-5"><bdi>978-983-99554-1-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pemeliharaan+warisan+rupa+bandar%3A+panduan+mengenali+warisan+rupa+bandar+berasaskan+inventori+bangunan+warisan+Malaysia&rft.pub=Badan+Warisan+Malaysia&rft.isbn=978-983-99554-1-5&rft.au=Zainol+Abidin+Idid+%28Syed.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAePVAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jb_history-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jb_history_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jb_history_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jb_history_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627001833/http://myrepositori.pnm.gov.my/bitstream/123456789/752/3/Majlis%20Bandaraya%20Johor%20Bahru%20%5BSumber%20Internet%5D.pdf">"Background of Johor Bahru City Council and History of Johor Bahru"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Malaysian Digital Repository. 12 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myrepositori.pnm.gov.my/bitstream/123456789/752/3/Majlis%20Bandaraya%20Johor%20Bahru%20%5BSumber%20Internet%5D.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+of+Johor+Bahru+City+Council+and+History+of+Johor+Bahru&rft.pub=Malaysian+Digital+Repository&rft.date=2013-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyrepositori.pnm.gov.my%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F752%2F3%2FMajlis%2520Bandaraya%2520Johor%2520Bahru%2520%255BSumber%2520Internet%255D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret_W._YoungSusan_L._StetlerUnited_States._Department_of_State1985" class="citation book cs1">Margaret W. Young; Susan L. Stetler; United States. Department of State (October 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gyENAQAAMAAJ"><i>Cities of the world: a compilation of current information on cultural, geograph. and polit. conditions in the countries and cities of 6 continents, based on the Dep. of State's "Post Reports"</i></a>. Gale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-2059-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8103-2059-8"><bdi>978-0-8103-2059-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+world%3A+a+compilation+of+current+information+on+cultural%2C+geograph.+and+polit.+conditions+in+the+countries+and+cities+of+6+continents%2C+based+on+the+Dep.+of+State%27s+%22Post+Reports%22.&rft.pub=Gale&rft.date=1985-10&rft.isbn=978-0-8103-2059-8&rft.au=Margaret+W.+Young&rft.au=Susan+L.+Stetler&rft.au=United+States.+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgyENAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_D._Feir2014" class="citation book cs1">Gordon D. Feir (10 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SOpaCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT378"><i>Translating the Devil: Captain Llewellyn C Fletcher Canadian Army Intelligence Corps In Post War Malaysia and Singapore</i></a>. Lulu Publishing Services. pp. 378–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4834-1507-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4834-1507-9"><bdi>978-1-4834-1507-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Translating+the+Devil%3A+Captain+Llewellyn+C+Fletcher+Canadian+Army+Intelligence+Corps+In+Post+War+Malaysia+and+Singapore&rft.pages=378-&rft.pub=Lulu+Publishing+Services&rft.date=2014-09-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4834-1507-9&rft.au=Gordon+D.+Feir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSOpaCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheah_Boon_Kheng2012" class="citation book cs1">Cheah Boon Kheng (1 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fpbGBgAAQBAJ&pg=PR13"><i>Red Star Over Malaya: Resistance and Social Conflict During and After the Japanese Occupation, 1941–1946</i></a>. NUS Press. pp. 13–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-508-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-508-8"><bdi>978-9971-69-508-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Star+Over+Malaya%3A+Resistance+and+Social+Conflict+During+and+After+the+Japanese+Occupation%2C+1941%E2%80%931946&rft.pages=13-&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-508-8&rft.au=Cheah+Boon+Kheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfpbGBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_Parkes1994" class="citation book cs1">Carl Parkes (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NjgOAQAAMAAJ"><i>Southeast Asia Handbook</i></a>. Moon Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781566910026" title="Special:BookSources/9781566910026"><bdi>9781566910026</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia+Handbook&rft.pub=Moon+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781566910026&rft.au=Carl+Parkes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNjgOAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress2009" class="citation book cs1">Library of Congress (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gCIoMqscsTYC&pg=PA4017"><i>Library of Congress Subject Headings</i></a>. Library of Congress. pp. 4017–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Library+of+Congress+Subject+Headings&rft.pages=4017-&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgCIoMqscsTYC%26pg%3DPA4017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teochew-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teochew_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teochew_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724135919/http://news.asiaone.com/print/News/Latest%2BNews/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20100724-228663.html">"Keeping the art of Teochew opera alive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/AsiaOne" title="AsiaOne">AsiaOne</a>. 24 July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.asiaone.com/print/News/Latest%2BNews/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20100724-228663.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Keeping+the+art+of+Teochew+opera+alive&rft.date=2010-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.asiaone.com%2Fprint%2FNews%2FLatest%252BNews%2FShowbiz%2FStory%2FA1Story20100724-228663.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeng2021" class="citation book cs1">Heng, Jason (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_X0wEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT127"><i>Decoding Sejarah Melayu: The Hidden History of Ancient Singapore</i></a>. Jason Heng. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9798201638450" title="Special:BookSources/9798201638450"><bdi>9798201638450</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decoding+Sejarah+Melayu%3A+The+Hidden+History+of+Ancient+Singapore&rft.pub=Jason+Heng&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9798201638450&rft.aulast=Heng&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_X0wEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Pui_Huen_Lim2002" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Pui Huen Lim (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R5BuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA35"><i>Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder, and Entrepreneur</i></a>. Times Editions. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789812323699" title="Special:BookSources/9789812323699"><bdi>9789812323699</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wong+Ah+Fook%3A+Immigrant%2C+Builder%2C+and+Entrepreneur&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Times+Editions&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9789812323699&rft.au=Patricia+Pui+Huen+Lim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR5BuAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_B._Freeman2003" class="citation book cs1">Donald B. Freeman (17 April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7W93v4C30JUC&pg=PA157"><i>Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet?</i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. pp. 157–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7087-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7087-0"><bdi>978-0-7735-7087-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Straits+of+Malacca%3A+Gateway+or+Gauntlet%3F&rft.pages=157-&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+%E2%80%93+MQUP&rft.date=2003-04-17&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-7087-0&rft.au=Donald+B.+Freeman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7W93v4C30JUC%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanji_Nishio2007" class="citation book cs1">Kanji Nishio (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RCgUnQAACAAJ"><i>Bangsa and Politics: Melayu-Bugis Relations in Johor-Riau and Riau-Lingga</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bangsa+and+Politics%3A+Melayu-Bugis+Relations+in+Johor-Riau+and+Riau-Lingga&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Kanji+Nishio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRCgUnQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._A._Fawzi_Mohd._Basri1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">M. 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Fajar Bakti. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-933-717-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-933-717-4"><bdi>978-967-933-717-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johor%2C+1855%E2%80%931917%3A+pentadbiran+dan+perkembangannya&rft.pub=Fajar+Bakti&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-967-933-717-4&rft.au=M.+A.+Fawzi+Mohd.+Basri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2uQcAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630031523/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/87147014-94bd-4a77-a26f-e1cc8ef02359">"Johor Treaty is signed"</a>. National Library Board. 10 March 1855. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/87147014-94bd-4a77-a26f-e1cc8ef02359">the original</a> on 30 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+Treaty+is+signed&rft.pub=National+Library+Board&rft.date=1855-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fhistory%2Fevents%2F87147014-94bd-4a77-a26f-e1cc8ef02359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jh-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jh_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jh_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Ghani_Hamid1988" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Abdul Ghani Hamid (3 October 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19881003-1.2.20.8.aspx">"Tengku Ali serah Johor kepada Temenggung (Kenangan Sejarah)"</a> (in Malay). <a href="/wiki/Berita_Harian_(Singapore)" title="Berita Harian (Singapore)">Berita Harian</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tengku+Ali+serah+Johor+kepada+Temenggung+%28Kenangan+Sejarah%29&rft.pub=Berita+Harian&rft.date=1988-10-03&rft.au=Abdul+Ghani+Hamid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fberitaharian19881003-1.2.20.8.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cj-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cj_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cj_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cj_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702012653/http://kemahkotaan.johor.gov.my/pengenalan/sejarah-kesultanan-johor/?lang=en">"History of the Johor Sultanate"</a>. Coronation of HRH Sultan Ibrahim. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kemahkotaan.johor.gov.my/pengenalan/sejarah-kesultanan-johor/?lang=en">the original</a> on 2 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Johor+Sultanate&rft.pub=Coronation+of+HRH+Sultan+Ibrahim&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkemahkotaan.johor.gov.my%2Fpengenalan%2Fsejarah-kesultanan-johor%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jb_hs-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jb_hs_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jb_hs_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Muthiah2015" class="citation web cs1">S. Muthiah (19 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150819013726/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-city-that-gambier-built/article7333496.ece">"The city that gambier built"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-city-that-gambier-built/article7333496.ece">the original</a> on 19 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+city+that+gambier+built&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft.au=S.+Muthiah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ffeatures%2Fmetroplus%2Fthe-city-that-gambier-built%2Farticle7333496.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_A._Trocki2007" class="citation book cs1">Carl A. Trocki (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4VNEr574cQIC&pg=PA152"><i>Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784–1885</i></a>. NUS Press. pp. 152–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-376-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-376-3"><bdi>978-9971-69-376-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prince+of+Pirates%3A+The+Temenggongs+and+the+Development+of+Johor+and+Singapore%2C+1784%E2%80%931885&rft.pages=152-&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-376-3&rft.au=Carl+A.+Trocki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4VNEr574cQIC%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Pui_Huen_Lim2000" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Pui Huen Lim (1 July 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8doSNe5SLkgC&pg=PA119"><i>Oral History in Southeast Asia: Theory and Method</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 119–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-230-027-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-230-027-0"><bdi>978-981-230-027-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oral+History+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+Theory+and+Method&rft.pages=119-&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2000-07-01&rft.isbn=978-981-230-027-0&rft.au=Patricia+Pui+Huen+Lim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8doSNe5SLkgC%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patricia (2002), p. 129–132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SyedAkhtar2011-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SyedAkhtar2011_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SyedAkhtar2011_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SyedAkhtar2011_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuzaffar_Husain_SyedSyed_Saud_AkhtarB_D_Usmani2011" class="citation book cs1">Muzaffar Husain Syed; Syed Saud Akhtar; B D Usmani (14 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eACqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA316"><i>Concise History of Islam</i></a>. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. pp. 316–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-82573-47-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-82573-47-0"><bdi>978-93-82573-47-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+History+of+Islam&rft.pages=316-&rft.pub=Vij+Books+India+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2011-09-14&rft.isbn=978-93-82573-47-0&rft.au=Muzaffar+Husain+Syed&rft.au=Syed+Saud+Akhtar&rft.au=B+D+Usmani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeACqCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dominique_Grele_292-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dominique_Grele_292_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dominique_Grele_292_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDominique_Grele2004" class="citation book cs1">Dominique Grele (1 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7C22s1cDfmgC&pg=PT292"><i>100 Resorts Malaysia: Places with a Heart</i></a>. Asiatype, Inc. pp. 292–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-0321-03-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-0321-03-2"><bdi>978-971-0321-03-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Resorts+Malaysia%3A+Places+with+a+Heart&rft.pages=292-&rft.pub=Asiatype%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=978-971-0321-03-2&rft.au=Dominique+Grele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7C22s1cDfmgC%26pg%3DPT292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheah_Jin_Seng2008" class="citation book cs1">Cheah Jin Seng (15 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=94luAAAAMAAJ"><i>Malaya: 500 Early Postcards</i></a>. Didier Millet Pte, Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4155-98-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4155-98-4"><bdi>978-981-4155-98-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaya%3A+500+Early+Postcards&rft.pub=Didier+Millet+Pte%2C+Editions&rft.date=2008-03-15&rft.isbn=978-981-4155-98-4&rft.au=Cheah+Jin+Seng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D94luAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFr_DurandRichard_Curtis2014" class="citation book cs1">Fr Durand; Richard Curtis (28 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d-BUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA177"><i>Maps of Malaysia and Borneo: Discovery, Statehood and Progress</i></a>. Editions Didier Millet. pp. 177–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-10617-3-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-10617-3-2"><bdi>978-967-10617-3-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maps+of+Malaysia+and+Borneo%3A+Discovery%2C+Statehood+and+Progress&rft.pages=177-&rft.pub=Editions+Didier+Millet&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft.isbn=978-967-10617-3-2&rft.au=Fr+Durand&rft.au=Richard+Curtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd-BUAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630043001/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/3c4985cc-517f-4e68-8edd-7a85c67897ea">"Johor is brought under British control"</a>. National Library Board. 12 May 1914. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/3c4985cc-517f-4e68-8edd-7a85c67897ea">the original</a> on 30 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+is+brought+under+British+control&rft.pub=National+Library+Board&rft.date=1914-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fhistory%2Fevents%2F3c4985cc-517f-4e68-8edd-7a85c67897ea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winstedt (1992), p. 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winstedt (1992), p. 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oakley (2009), p. 181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LimWong2000-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LimWong2000_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LimWong2000_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LimWong2000_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LimWong2000_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Pui_Huen_LimDiana_Wong2000" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Pui Huen Lim; Diana Wong (1 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ADkiembZcLYC&pg=PA140"><i>War and Memory in Malaysia and Singapore</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">140–</span>145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-230-037-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-230-037-9"><bdi>978-981-230-037-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Memory+in+Malaysia+and+Singapore&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E145&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.isbn=978-981-230-037-9&rft.au=Patricia+Pui+Huen+Lim&rft.au=Diana+Wong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DADkiembZcLYC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Reid" class="citation web cs1">Richard Reid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702004451/http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/AJRP2.nsf/5c2a7f65120f209aca256b6d0020a228/e2909070f075fdbeca256946001ef8ab?OpenDocument">"War for the Empire: Malaya and Singapore, Dec 1941 to Feb 1942"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial" title="Australian War Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a></i>. Australia-Japan Research Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/AJRP2.nsf/5c2a7f65120f209aca256b6d0020a228/e2909070f075fdbeca256946001ef8ab?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 2 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.atitle=War+for+the+Empire%3A+Malaya+and+Singapore%2C+Dec+1941+to+Feb+1942&rft.au=Richard+Reid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fajrp.awm.gov.au%2Fajrp%2FAJRP2.nsf%2F5c2a7f65120f209aca256b6d0020a228%2Fe2909070f075fdbeca256946001ef8ab%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Yenne2014" class="citation book cs1">Bill Yenne (20 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LTZfBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140"><i>The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years 1941–42</i></a>. Osprey Publishing. pp. 140–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-982-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-982-5"><bdi>978-1-78200-982-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Japanese+Army%3A+The+Invincible+Years+1941%E2%80%9342&rft.pages=140-&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2014-09-20&rft.isbn=978-1-78200-982-5&rft.au=Bill+Yenne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLTZfBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore1998-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore1998_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore1998_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWendy_Moore1998" class="citation book cs1">Wendy Moore (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WAts5fch8fsC&pg=PA186"><i>West Malaysia and Singapore</i></a>. Tuttle Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">186–</span>187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-593-179-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-593-179-1"><bdi>978-962-593-179-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=West+Malaysia+and+Singapore&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E186-%3C%2Fspan%3E187&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-962-593-179-1&rft.au=Wendy+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWAts5fch8fsC%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwan_Sik_Ko1990" class="citation book cs1">Swan Sik Ko (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H1ecjepq80QC&pg=PA314"><i>Nationality and International Law in Asian Perspective</i></a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 314–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-0876-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-0876-8"><bdi>978-0-7923-0876-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationality+and+International+Law+in+Asian+Perspective&rft.pages=314-&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-0876-8&rft.au=Swan+Sik+Ko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH1ecjepq80QC%26pg%3DPA314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOoi2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keat_Gin_Ooi" title="Keat Gin Ooi">Ooi, Keat Gin</a> (1 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA1365"><i>Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1365–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-770-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-770-2"><bdi>978-1-57607-770-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+from+Angkor+Wat+to+East+Timor&rft.pages=1365-&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-770-2&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=Keat+Gin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQKgraWbb7yoC%26pg%3DPA1365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoph_MarcinkowskiConstance_Chevallier-GoversRuhanas_Harun2011" class="citation book cs1">Christoph Marcinkowski; Constance Chevallier-Govers; Ruhanas Harun (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VFrfBP52_1wC&pg=PA159"><i>Malaysia and the European Union: Perspectives for the Twenty-first Century</i></a>. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 159–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-80085-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-80085-5"><bdi>978-3-643-80085-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia+and+the+European+Union%3A+Perspectives+for+the+Twenty-first+Century&rft.pages=159-&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-643-80085-5&rft.au=Christoph+Marcinkowski&rft.au=Constance+Chevallier-Govers&rft.au=Ruhanas+Harun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVFrfBP52_1wC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Stenson2011" class="citation book cs1">M. 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UBC Press. pp. 89–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4440-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4440-6"><bdi>978-0-7748-4440-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Class%2C+Race%2C+and+Colonialism+in+West+Malaysia&rft.pages=89-&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-4440-6&rft.au=M.+Stenson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYbJw9-8NM4C%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_Cotterell2014" class="citation book cs1">Arthur Cotterell (15 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ml2ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA341"><i>A History of South East Asia</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. pp. 341–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4634-70-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4634-70-0"><bdi>978-981-4634-70-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+South+East+Asia&rft.pages=341-&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+International+Asia+Pte+Ltd&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft.isbn=978-981-4634-70-0&rft.au=Arthur+Cotterell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMl2ABAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._Vara1989" class="citation web cs1">K. Vara (16 February 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19890216&id=eWMmAAAAIBAJ&pg=2091,127515&hl=en">"Quiet town with a troubled past"</a>. New Straits Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cultural+Heritage+of+Johor+Bahru+%7C+Possible+Future+Studio&rft.date=2023-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuiltsurvey.utm.my%2Fpossiblefuturestudio%2F2023%2F11%2F09%2Fcultural-heritage-of-johor-bahru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cumming2011-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cumming2011_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cumming2011_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusanna_Cumming2011" class="citation book cs1">Susanna Cumming (9 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2AUxsxWOfz8C&pg=PA14"><i>Functional Change: The Case of Malay Constituent Order</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 14–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-086454-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-086454-0"><bdi>978-3-11-086454-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Functional+Change%3A+The+Case+of+Malay+Constituent+Order&rft.pages=14-&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2011-08-09&rft.isbn=978-3-11-086454-0&rft.au=Susanna+Cumming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2AUxsxWOfz8C%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Borschberg2016" class="citation journal cs1">Peter Borschberg (2016). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=downtownjb.my&rft.atitle=GURDWARA+SAHIB+SIKH+TEMPLE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdowntownjb.my%2Fzh%2Fattraction%2Fmonuments%2F18%2Fgurdwara-sahib-sikh-temple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFadmin2022" class="citation web cs1">admin (28 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tourismjohor.my/arulmigu-sri-rajakaliamman-glass-temple/#:~:text=ARULMIGU%20SRI%20RAJAKALIAMMAN%20GLASS%20TEMPLE,%20Johor%20Bahru%20is%20the%20first,in%20Malaysia%20and%20the%20World!&text=Arulmigu%20Sri%20Rajakaliamman%20Temple%20which,The%20World's%20First%20Glass%20Temple.">"ARULMIGU SRI RAJAKALIAMMAN GLASS TEMPLE"</a>. <i>Tourism Johor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tourism+Johor&rft.atitle=ARULMIGU+SRI+RAJAKALIAMMAN+GLASS+TEMPLE&rft.date=2022-07-28&rft.au=admin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftourismjohor.my%2Farulmigu-sri-rajakaliamman-glass-temple%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DARULMIGU%2520SRI%2520RAJAKALIAMMAN%2520GLASS%2520TEMPLE%2C%2520Johor%2520Bahru%2520is%2520the%2520first%2Cin%2520Malaysia%2520and%2520the%2520World%21%26text%3DArulmigu%2520Sri%2520Rajakaliamman%2520Temple%2520which%2CThe%2520World%27s%2520First%2520Glass%2520Temple.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbie_B.H._Goh2005" class="citation book cs1">Robbie B.H. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tatler+Asia&rft.atitle=Tan+Sri+Robert+Kuok&rft.aulast=Asia&rft.aufirst=Tatler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tatlerasia.com%2Fpeople%2Frobert-kuok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JBborn-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JBborn_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheah_Chor_Sooi2022" class="citation web cs1">Cheah Chor Sooi (7 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://focusmalaysia.my/no-pushover-ng-tze-yong-has-stepped-out-of-lee-zii-jias-shadow/">"No pushover Ng Tze Yong has stepped out of Lee Zii Jia's shadow"</a>. Focus Malaysia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+pushover+Ng+Tze+Yong+has+stepped+out+of+Lee+Zii+Jia%27s+shadow&rft.pub=Focus+Malaysia&rft.date=2022-08-07&rft.au=Cheah+Chor+Sooi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffocusmalaysia.my%2Fno-pushover-ng-tze-yong-has-stepped-out-of-lee-zii-jias-shadow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5307044/bio/">"Ronny Chieng – Biography"</a>. <i>IMDb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Ronny+Chieng+%E2%80%93+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm5307044%2Fbio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kemahkotaan.johor.gov.my/biodata/2943-2/?lang=en">"The Royal Children"</a>. <i>Laman Web Rasmi Kemahkotaan DYMM Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan Johor</i>. 22 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laman+Web+Rasmi+Kemahkotaan+DYMM+Sultan+Ibrahim%2C+Sultan+Johor&rft.atitle=The+Royal+Children&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkemahkotaan.johor.gov.my%2Fbiodata%2F2943-2%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_francis_s.html#:~:text=Cardinal%20Sebastian%20Francis,%20Bishop%20of,the%20Major%20Seminary%20of%20Penang.">"FRANCIS Card. Sebastian"</a>. <i>press.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=press.vatican.va&rft.atitle=FRANCIS+Card.+Sebastian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fen%2Fdocumentation%2Fcardinali_biografie%2Fcardinali_bio_francis_s.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DCardinal%2520Sebastian%2520Francis%2C%2520Bishop%2520of%2Cthe%2520Major%2520Seminary%2520of%2520Penang.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuinness1992" class="citation book cs1">Guinness, Patrick (1992). <i>On the Margin of Capitalism: People and development in Mukim Plentong, Johor, Malaysia</i>. South-East Asian social monographs. Singapore: Oxford University Press. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-588556-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-588556-9"><bdi>978-0-19-588556-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/231412873">231412873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Margin+of+Capitalism%3A+People+and+development+in+Mukim+Plentong%2C+Johor%2C+Malaysia&rft.place=Singapore&rft.series=South-East+Asian+social+monographs&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F231412873&rft.isbn=978-0-19-588556-9&rft.aulast=Guinness&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLim2002" class="citation book cs1">Lim, Patricia Pui Huen (2002). <i>Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur</i>. Singapore: Times Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-232-369-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-232-369-9"><bdi>978-981-232-369-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52054305">52054305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wong+Ah+Fook%3A+Immigrant%2C+Builder+and+Entrepreneur&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Times+Editions&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52054305&rft.isbn=978-981-232-369-9&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Pui+Huen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakleyBrown2009" class="citation book cs1">Oakley, Mat; Brown, Joshua Samuel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/singaporecitygui00oakl"><i>Singapore: city guide</i></a>. Footscray, Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-664-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-664-9"><bdi>978-1-74104-664-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/440970648">440970648</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singapore%3A+city+guide&rft.place=Footscray%2C+Victoria%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F440970648&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-664-9&rft.aulast=Oakley&rft.aufirst=Mat&rft.au=Brown%2C+Joshua+Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsingaporecitygui00oakl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinstedtKim1992" class="citation book cs1">Winstedt, Richard Olof; Kim, Khoo Kay (1992). <i>A History of Johore, 1365–1941</i>. M. B. R. A. S. Reprints (6) (Reprint ed.). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-99614-6-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-99614-6-1"><bdi>978-983-99614-6-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/255968795">255968795</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Johore%2C+1365%E2%80%931941&rft.place=Kuala+Lumpur&rft.series=M.+B.+R.+A.+S.+Reprints+%286%29&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Malaysian+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F255968795&rft.isbn=978-983-99614-6-1&rft.aulast=Winstedt&rft.aufirst=Richard+Olof&rft.au=Kim%2C+Khoo+Kay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Drysdale2008" class="citation book cs1">John Drysdale (15 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RxH1BwAAQBAJ&pg=PP287"><i>Singapore Struggle for Success</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. pp. 287–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4677-67-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4677-67-7"><bdi>978-981-4677-67-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singapore+Struggle+for+Success&rft.pages=287-&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+International+Asia+Pte+Ltd&rft.date=2008-12-15&rft.isbn=978-981-4677-67-7&rft.au=John+Drysdale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRxH1BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamie_Han2014" class="citation web cs1">Jamie Han (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_45_2005-01-06.html">"Communal riots of 1964"</a>. National Library Board<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communal+riots+of+1964&rft.pub=National+Library+Board&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Jamie+Han&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Finfopedia%2Farticles%2FSIP_45_2005-01-06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor+Bahru" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Johor_Bahru" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru#Q231318" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbjb.gov.my">Johor Bahru City Council</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Johor_Bahru30" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Johor_Bahru30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Johor Bahru</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td>Skudai</td> <td>Tebrau</td> <td>Masai</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%">Iskandar Puteri</td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Johor Bahru</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%">Pasir Gudang</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td>Woodlands (Singapore)</td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Johor772" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Johor" title="Template:Johor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Johor" title="Template talk:Johor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Johor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Johor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Johor772" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Capital city: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johor Bahru</a></li> <li>Administrative capital: <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a></li> <li>Royal town: <a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Bandar Maharani (Muar)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; text-align: center;">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ececec; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Topics6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; text-align: center;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Johor" title="Elections in Johor">Elections</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Executive_Council" title="Johor State Executive Council">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Johor" title="Menteri Besar of Johor">Menteri Besar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Legislative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor#Demography" title="Johor">Johoreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Monarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Johor" title="Template:Geography of Johor">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Johor" title="Economy of Johor">Economy</a></li> <li>Symbols <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Anthem" title="Johor State Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Johor" title="Flag and coat of arms of Johor">Flag and coat of arms</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Johor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/90px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/135px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/180px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg/90px-Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg/135px-Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg/180px-Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1129" data-file-height="1010" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; text-align: center;">Administrative<br />divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ececec; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>10 <a href="/wiki/Districts_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts in Malaysia">Districts</a> and 16 <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">Local governments</a> (3 Cites, 7 Municipals, 6 Districts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special zone</a>: (<a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Iskandar Malaysia">Iskandar Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pengerang_Integrated_Petroleum_Complex" title="Pengerang Integrated Petroleum Complex">RAPID Pengerang</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">City councils <br /> (Majlis Bandaraya)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johor Bahru</a><br /><small>(part of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>City Centre</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Bakar_Batu" title="Kampung Bakar Batu">Bakar Batu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_Garden" title="Century Garden">Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danga_Bay" title="Danga Bay">Danga Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkin,_Johor" title="Larkin, Johor">Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majidee_Malay_Village" title="Majidee Malay Village">Majidee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Melodies" title="Taman Melodies">Melodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Nong_Chik" title="Kampung Nong Chik">Nong Chik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Pelangi" title="Pasir Pelangi">Pasir Pelangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stulang" title="Stulang">Stulang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Suria" title="Taman Suria">Suria</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tebrau" title="Tebrau">Tebrau</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Dato%27_Onn" title="Bandar Dato' Onn">Dato' Onn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Daya" title="Taman Daya">Daya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Johor_Jaya" title="Taman Johor Jaya">Johor Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangkar_Tebrau" title="Kangkar Tebrau">Kangkar Tebrau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Molek" title="Taman Molek">Molek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Austin,_Johor_Bahru" title="Mount Austin, Johor Bahru">Mount Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan,_Johor" title="Pandan, Johor">Pandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setia_Indah" title="Setia Indah">Setia Indah</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tampoi,_Johor" title="Tampoi, Johor">Tampoi</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Baru_UDA" title="Bandar Baru UDA">Bandar Baru UDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Damansara_Aliff" title="Taman Damansara Aliff">Damansara Aliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempas" title="Kempas">Kempas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setia_Tropika" title="Setia Tropika">Setia Tropika</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Plentong" title="Plentong">Plentong</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permas_Jaya" title="Permas Jaya">Permas Jaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_Tiram" title="Ulu Tiram">Ulu Tiram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a><br /><small>(part of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>City Centre</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Iskandar" title="Kota Iskandar">Kota Iskandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ledang" title="East Ledang">Ledang Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusa_Bayu" title="Nusa Bayu">Nusa Bayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medini_Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Medini Iskandar Malaysia">Medini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Indah" title="Bukit Indah">Bukit Indah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perling" title="Perling">Perling</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skudai" title="Skudai">Skudai</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_Kedai" title="Lima Kedai">Lima Kedai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiara_Rini" title="Mutiara Rini">Mutiara Rini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Ungku_Tun_Aminah" title="Taman Ungku Tun Aminah">TUTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Universiti" title="Taman Universiti">Universiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pulai" title="Pulai">Pulai</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangkar_Pulai" title="Kangkar Pulai">Kangkar Pulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Baru_Kangkar_Pulai" title="Bandar Baru Kangkar Pulai">Bandar Baru Kangkar Pulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulai_Hijauan,_Johor" title="Pulai Hijauan, Johor">Pulai Hijauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulai_Indah,_Johor" title="Pulai Indah, Johor">Pulai Indah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulai_Mutiara,_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulai Mutiara, Johor">Pulai Mutiara</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gelang_Patah" title="Gelang Patah">Gelang Patah</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_City_(Johor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest City (Johor)">Forest City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendas,_Malaysia" title="Pendas, Malaysia">Pendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kupang" title="Tanjung Kupang">Tanjung Kupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Pelepas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Pelepas">Tanjung Pelepas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a><br /><small>(part of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Langsat" title="Tanjung Langsat">Tanjung Langsat</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Masai,_Johor" title="Masai, Johor">Masai</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kong_Kong" title="Kong Kong">Kong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Masai" title="Kota Masai">Kota Masai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Alam" title="Bandar Seri Alam">Seri Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Scientex" title="Taman Scientex">Taman Scientex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">Municipal councils <br /> (Majlis Perbandaran)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Muar_District" title="Muar District">Muar district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Maharani" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Maharani">Bandar Maharani</a> (City centre)</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Bukit_Treh" title="Kampung Bukit Treh">Bukit Treh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Bakar" title="Parit Bakar">Parit Bakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Sakai" title="Parit Sakai">Parit Sakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Abong" title="Sungai Abong">Sungai Abong</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Bakri" title="Bukit Bakri">Bakri</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Bakri" title="Bukit Bakri">Bukit Bakri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Naning" title="Bukit Naning">Bukit Naning</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Parit_Jawa" title="Parit Jawa">Parit Jawa</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Unas" title="Parit Unas">Parit Unas</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Pasir" title="Bukit Pasir">Bukit Pasir</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pagoh" title="Pagoh">Pagoh</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Universiti_Pagoh" title="Bandar Universiti Pagoh">Bandar Universiti Pagoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Kepong" title="Bukit Kepong">Bukit Kepong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenga,_Johor" title="Lenga, Johor">Lenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchor" title="Panchor">Panchor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Balang" title="Sungai Balang">Sungai Balang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_(town)" title="Batu Pahat (town)">Batu Pahat</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_District" title="Batu Pahat District">Batu Pahat district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Penggaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Penggaram">Bandar Penggaram</a> (City centre)</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minyak_Beku" title="Minyak Beku">Minyak Beku</a></li> <li>Segenting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Bukit_Pasir" title="Taman Bukit Pasir">Taman Bukit Pasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Flora_Utama" title="Taman Flora Utama">Taman Flora Utama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Setia_Jaya_2" title="Taman Setia Jaya 2">Taman Setia Jaya 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongkang_Pechah" title="Tongkang Pechah">Tongkang Pechah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengit" title="Rengit">Rengit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Raja" title="Parit Raja">Parit Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semerah" title="Semerah">Semerah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senggarang,_Johor" title="Senggarang, Johor">Senggarang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Gading" title="Sri Gading">Sri Gading</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Kencana" title="Pura Kencana">Pura Kencana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Kluang_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluang (town)">Kluang</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Kluang_District" title="Kluang District">Kluang district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Kluang</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Sri_Lambak" title="Taman Sri Lambak">Taman Sri Lambak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengkibol" title="Mengkibol">Mengkibol</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paloh" title="Paloh">Paloh</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamek" title="Chamek">Chamek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahang" title="Kahang">Kahang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Kulai" title="Kulai">Kulai</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Kulai_District" title="Kulai District">Kulai district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Kulai</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indahpura" title="Indahpura">Bandar Indahpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Putra_Kulai" title="Bandar Putra Kulai">Bandar Putra Kulai</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Senai" title="Senai">Senai</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FELDA_Taib_Andak" title="FELDA Taib Andak">FELDA Taib Andak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleng" title="Saleng">Saleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seelong" title="Seelong">Seelong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senai_International_Airport" title="Senai International Airport">Senai International Airport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelapa_Sawit" title="Kelapa Sawit">Kelapa Sawit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Batu" title="Bukit Batu">Bukit Batu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedenak" title="Sedenak">Sedenak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_Choh" title="Ulu Choh">Ulu Choh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Segamat_(town)" title="Segamat (town)">Segamat</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Segamat_District" title="Segamat District">Segamat district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Segamat</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genuang" title="Genuang">Genuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Tengah" title="Kampung Tengah">Kampung Tengah</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Batu_Anam" title="Batu Anam">Batu Anam</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buloh_Kasap" title="Buloh Kasap">Buloh Kasap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemas_Baru" title="Gemas Baru">Gemas Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jementah" title="Jementah">Jementah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Pengerang" title="Pengerang">Pengerang</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi_District" title="Kota Tinggi District">Kota Tinggi district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Pengerang</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Pengelih" title="Tanjung Pengelih">Tanjung Pengelih</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Rengit" title="Sungai Rengit">Sungai Rengit</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Ramunia" title="Teluk Ramunia">Teluk Ramunia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gogok" title="Pasir Gogok">Pasir Gogok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Penawar" title="Bandar Penawar">Bandar Penawar</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Mas" title="Bandar Mas">Bandar Mas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desaru" title="Desaru">Desaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Balau" title="Tanjung Balau">Tanjung Balau</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Johor_Lama" title="Johor Lama">Johor Lama</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Sengat" title="Teluk Sengat">Teluk Sengat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Pontian_District" title="Pontian District">Pontian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontian_Kechil" title="Pontian Kechil">Pontian Kechil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Kayu_Ara_Pasong" title="Kampung Kayu Ara Pasong">Kampung Kayu Ara Pasong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekan_Nanas" title="Pekan Nanas">Pekan Nanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Baloi" title="Ayer Baloi">Ayer Baloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benut" title="Benut">Benut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukup" title="Kukup">Kukup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">District councils <br /> (Majlis Daerah)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi_District" title="Kota Tinggi District">Kota Tinggi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi" title="Kota Tinggi">Kota Tinggi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lombong" title="Lombong">Lombong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Tenggara" title="Bandar Tenggara">Bandar Tenggara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedili" title="Sedili">Sedili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FELDA_Lok_Heng" title="FELDA Lok Heng">FELDA Lok Heng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FELDA_Waha" title="FELDA Waha">FELDA Waha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Mersing_District" title="Mersing District">Mersing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mersing" title="Mersing">Mersing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Papan" title="Air Papan">Air Papan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenggaroh" title="Tenggaroh">Tenggaroh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaluang" title="Jemaluang">Jemaluang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endau" title="Endau">Endau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Tangkak_District" title="Tangkak District">Tangkak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tangkak" title="Tangkak">Tangkak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagil" title="Sagil">Sagil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Mati" title="Sungai Mati">Sungai Mati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Kangkar" title="Bukit Kangkar">Bukit Kangkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengkang,_Johor" title="Sengkang, Johor">Sengkang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Gambir" title="Bukit Gambir">Bukit Gambir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesang,_Malaysia" title="Kesang, Malaysia">Kesang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Bunga" title="Parit Bunga">Parit Bunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Agas" title="Tanjung Agas">Tanjung Agas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Labis" title="Labis">Labis</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Segamat_District" title="Segamat District">Segamat district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labis" title="Labis">Labis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pekan_Air_Panas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan Air Panas">Air Panas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Karas" title="Sungai Karas">Sungai Karas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenang_Stesen" title="Tenang Stesen">Tenang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekok" title="Bekok">Bekok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaah" title="Chaah">Chaah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Yong_Peng" title="Yong Peng">Yong Peng</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_District" title="Batu Pahat District">Batu Pahat district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yong_Peng" title="Yong Peng">Yong Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Hitam" title="Ayer Hitam">Ayer Hitam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Sulong" title="Parit Sulong">Parit Sulong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Medan" title="Sri Medan">Sri Medan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Yaani" title="Parit Yaani">Parit Yaani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Simpang_Renggam" title="Simpang Renggam">Simpang Renggam</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Kluang_District" title="Kluang District">Kluang district</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simpang_Renggam" title="Simpang Renggam">Simpang Renggam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machap" title="Machap">Machap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layang-Layang,_Johor" title="Layang-Layang, Johor">Layang-Layang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renggam" title="Renggam">Renggam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Johor" class="extiw" title="commons:Johor">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Johor" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Johor">Wikisource</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Johor" title="Category:Johor">Category</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Malaysia_border_crossings133" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malaysia_border_crossings" title="Template:Malaysia border crossings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysia_border_crossings" title="Template talk:Malaysia border crossings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia_border_crossings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia border crossings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Malaysia_border_crossings133" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Malaysia border crossings</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawas" title="Lawas">Mengkalap</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Labu" title="Mukim Labu">Labu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbang_District" title="Limbang District">Pandaruan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Bangar" title="Mukim Bangar">Ujong Jalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Tujuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Tujuh">Sungai Tujuh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Tujoh" title="Sungai Tujoh">Sungai Tujoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbang_District" title="Limbang District">Tedungan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lurah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Lurah">Kuala Lurah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Serasa">Serasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biawak" title="Biawak">Biawak</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sambas_Regency" title="Sambas Regency">Aruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubok_Antu_District" title="Lubok Antu District">Lubok Antu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kapuas_Hulu_Regency" title="Kapuas Hulu Regency">Nanga Badau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebedu" title="Tebedu">Tebedu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Entikong" title="Entikong">Entikong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Batam_Harbour_Bay_Ferry_Terminal" title="Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal">Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Balai_Karimun" title="Tanjung Balai Karimun">Tanjung Balai Karimun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukup" title="Kukup">Kukup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Balai_Karimun" title="Tanjung Balai Karimun">Tanjung Balai Karimun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengkalis" title="Bengkalis">Bengkalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dumai" title="Dumai">Dumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengkalis" title="Bengkalis">Bengkalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Batam_Center_Ferry_Terminal" title="Batam Center Ferry Terminal">Batam Center Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Klang" title="Port Klang">Port Klang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Asahan_Regency" title="Asahan Regency">Tanjung Balai Asahan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stulang Laut, Johor Bahru</a> / <a href="/wiki/Batam_Center_Ferry_Terminal" title="Batam Center Ferry Terminal">Batam Center Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stulang Laut, Johor Bahru</a> / <a href="/wiki/Batam_Harbour_Bay_Ferry_Terminal" title="Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal">Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stulang Laut, Johor Bahru</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Pinang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Pinang">Tanjung Pinang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengerang" title="Pengerang">Tanjung Pengelih, Pengerang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Batam_Center_Ferry_Terminal" title="Batam Center Ferry Terminal">Batam Center Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawau" title="Tawau">Tawau</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nunukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunukan">Nunukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawau" title="Tawau">Tawau</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tarakan" title="Tarakan">Tarakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Iskandar_Building" title="Sultan Iskandar Building">Sultan Iskandar Building</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johor Bahru</a> / <a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_Singapore" title="Woodlands, Singapore">Woodlands</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Johor%E2%80%93Singapore_Causeway" title="Johor–Singapore Causeway">Johor–Singapore Causeway</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_Complex" title="Sultan Abu Bakar Complex">Sultan Abu Bakar Complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kupang" title="Tanjung Kupang">Tanjung Kupang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tuas" title="Tuas">Tuas</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Second_Link" title="Malaysia–Singapore Second Link">Malaysia–Singapore Second Link</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengerang" title="Pengerang">Tanjung Pengelih, Pengerang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Changi" title="Changi">Changi Point Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengerang" title="Pengerang">Tanjung Belungkor, Pengerang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Changi" title="Changi">Changi Ferry Terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Sentral_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru Sentral railway station">Johor Bahru Sentral railway station</a> / <a href="/wiki/Woodlands_Train_Checkpoint" title="Woodlands Train Checkpoint">Woodlands Train Checkpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengkalan_Hulu" title="Pengkalan Hulu">Bukit Berapit, Pengkalan Hulu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betong,_Thailand" title="Betong, Thailand">Betong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Bunga" title="Bukit Bunga">Bukit Bunga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buketa" class="mw-redirect" title="Buketa">Buketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Kayu_Hitam" title="Bukit Kayu Hitam">Bukit Kayu Hitam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sadao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadao District">Ban Danok, Sadao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian_Burung" title="Durian Burung">Durian Burung</a> (Kota Putra) / <a href="/wiki/Na_Thawi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Na Thawi District">Ban Prakop, Na Thawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_Besar,_Malaysia" title="Padang Besar, Malaysia">Padang Besar, Malaysia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Padang_Besar,_Thailand" title="Padang Besar, Thailand">Padang Besar, Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rantau_Panjang" title="Rantau Panjang">Rantau Panjang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Su-ngai_Kolok" title="Su-ngai Kolok">Su-ngai Kolok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Kelian" title="Wang Kelian">Wang Kelian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wang_Prachan" title="Wang Prachan">Wang Prachan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuah" title="Kuah">Kuah</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ko_Lipe" title="Ko Lipe">Ko Lipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuah" title="Kuah">Kuah</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satun" title="Satun">Satun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengkalan_Kubor" title="Pengkalan Kubor">Pengkalan Kubor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tak_Bai" title="Tak Bai">Tak Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langkawi" title="Langkawi">Telaga Harbour Langkawi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ko_Lipe" title="Ko Lipe">Ko Lipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padang_Besar_railway_station" title="Padang Besar railway station">Padang Besar railway station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Johor_Bahru98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Johor_Bahru98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Johor Bahru</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Malaysia49" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Malaysia" title="Template:Cities in Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Cities in Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Malaysia49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Malaysia" title="List of cities in Malaysia">Cities in Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alor_Setar" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipoh" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johor Bahru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(city)" title="Klang (city)">Klang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu" title="Kuala Terengganu">Kuala Terengganu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miri" title="Miri">Miri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petaling_Jaya" title="Petaling Jaya">Petaling Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seremban" title="Seremban">Seremban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam" title="Shah Alam">Shah Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subang_Jaya" title="Subang Jaya">Subang Jaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_Malaysian_cities_with_a_population_of_more_than_200,000286" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Malaysia" title="Template:Most populous cities in Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_cities_in_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Most populous cities in Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous cities in Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_Malaysian_cities_with_a_population_of_more_than_200,000286" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">Malaysian cities with a population of more than 200,000</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000–1,999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> (capital)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipoh" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johor Bahru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petaling_Jaya" title="Petaling Jaya">Petaling Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam" title="Shah Alam">Shah Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subang_Jaya" title="Subang Jaya">Subang Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seremban" title="Seremban">Seremban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alor_Setar" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu" title="Kuala Terengganu">Kuala Terengganu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miri" title="Miri">Miri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_MalaysiaDepartment_of_Statistics,_Malaysia_(2020)552" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Largest cities of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_MalaysiaDepartment_of_Statistics,_Malaysia_(2020)552" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population#Classification" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">cities and municipalities</a> in Malaysia<br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tableau.dosm.gov.my/t/BPPD-BahagianperangkaanpendudukdanDemografi/views/MyCenDashEnglish/LOCALAUTORITY?%3Adisplay_count=n&%3Aembed=y&%3AisGuestRedirectFromVizportal=y&%3Aorigin=viz_share_link&%3AshowAppBanner=false&%3AshowVizHome=n">Department of Statistics, Malaysia</a> (2020)</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population"> Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population"> Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_(18794580599).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kuala Lumpur"><img alt="Kuala Lumpur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/120px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/180px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/240px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandar_Kajang,_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kajang"><img alt="Kajang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg/120px-Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg/180px-Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg/240px-Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kajang" title="Kajang">Kajang</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Territories (Malaysia)"><i>Federal Territory</i></a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,982,112</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ipoh" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">759,952 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Butterworth,_Seberang_Perai,_Penang_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seberang Perai"><img alt="Seberang Perai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg/120px-Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg/180px-Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg/240px-Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7789" data-file-height="5842" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Subang Jaya"><img alt="Subang Jaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg/120px-Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg/180px-Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg/240px-Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Subang_Jaya" title="Subang Jaya">Subang Jaya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kajang" title="Kajang">Kajang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,047,356</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seremban" title="Seremban">Seremban</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">681,541 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">946,092</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">575,977 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Subang_Jaya" title="Subang Jaya">Subang Jaya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">902,086</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">548,014 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Klang_(city)" title="Klang (city)">Klang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">902,025</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Petani" title="Sungai Petani">Sungai Petani</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">545,053 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johor Bahru</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">858,118</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ampang_Jaya" title="Ampang Jaya">Ampang Jaya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">531,904 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam" title="Shah Alam">Shah Alam</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">812,327</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">500,425 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">794,313</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">453,904 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Petaling_Jaya" title="Petaling Jaya">Petaling Jaya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">771,687</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sandakan" title="Sandakan">Sandakan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">439,050 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selayang" title="Selayang">Selayang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">764,327</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alor_Setar" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">423,868 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iskandar_Malaysia133" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iskandar_Development_Region" title="Template:Iskandar Development Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iskandar_Development_Region" title="Template talk:Iskandar Development Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iskandar_Development_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iskandar Development Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iskandar_Malaysia133" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Iskandar Malaysia">Iskandar Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kulai_District" title="Kulai District">Kulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontian_District" title="Pontian District">Pontian</a> (partial)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khazanah_Nasional" title="Khazanah Nasional">Khazanah Nasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Regional_Development_Authority" title="Iskandar Regional Development Authority">Iskandar Regional Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Investment_Berhad" title="Iskandar Investment Berhad">Iskandar Investment Berhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Corporation" title="Johor Corporation">Johor Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UEM_Group" title="UEM Group">UEM Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontian_Municipal_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontian Municipal Council (page does not exist)">Pontian Municipal Council</a> (MPPn)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri_City_Council" title="Iskandar Puteri City Council">Iskandar Puteri City Council</a> (MBIP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulai_Municipal_Council" title="Kulai Municipal Council">Kulai Municipal Council</a> (MPKu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_City_Council" title="Johor Bahru City Council">Johor Bahru City Council</a> (MBJB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang_City_Council" title="Pasir Gudang City Council">Pasir Gudang City Council</a> (MBPG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zone A: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johor Bahru City Centre</a></li> <li>Zone B: <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a></li> <li>Zone C: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tanjung_Pelepas" title="Port of Tanjung Pelepas">Western Gate Development</a></li> <li>Zone D: <a href="/wiki/Johor_Port" title="Johor Port">Eastern Gate Development</a></li> <li>Zone E: <a href="/wiki/Senai" title="Senai">Senai</a>-<a href="/wiki/Skudai" title="Skudai">Skudai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major towns and suburb</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johor Bahru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Dato%27_Onn" title="Bandar Dato' Onn">Bandar Dato' Onn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danga_Bay" title="Danga Bay">Danga Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Johor_Jaya" title="Taman Johor Jaya">Johor Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desa_Jaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desa Jaya (page does not exist)">Desa Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ehsan_Jaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ehsan Jaya (page does not exist)">Ehsan Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desa_Cemerlang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desa Cemerlang (page does not exist)">Desa Cemerlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puteri_Wangsa" title="Puteri Wangsa">Puteri Wangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelangi_Indah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelangi Indah (page does not exist)">Pelangi Indah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Austin,_Johor_Bahru" title="Mount Austin, Johor Bahru">Mount Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkin,_Johor" title="Larkin, Johor">Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plentong" title="Plentong">Plentong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampoi,_Johor" title="Tampoi, Johor">Tampoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebrau" title="Tebrau">Tebrau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_Tiram" title="Ulu Tiram">Ulu Tiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permas_Jaya" title="Permas Jaya">Permas Jaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Indah" title="Bukit Indah">Bukit Indah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_City_(Johor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest City (Johor)">Forest City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelang_Patah" title="Gelang Patah">Gelang Patah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Hills" title="Horizon Hills">Horizon Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangkar_Pulai" title="Kangkar Pulai">Kangkar Pulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Iskandar" title="Kota Iskandar">Kota Iskandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medini_Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Medini Iskandar Malaysia">Medini Iskandar Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skudai" title="Skudai">Skudai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Universiti" title="Taman Universiti">Taman Universiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Ungku_Tun_Aminah" title="Taman Ungku Tun Aminah">Taman Ungku Tun Aminah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kupang" title="Tanjung Kupang">Tanjung Kupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_Choh" title="Ulu Choh">Ulu Choh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Alam" title="Bandar Seri Alam">Bandar Seri Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masai,_Johor" title="Masai, Johor">Masai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Masai" title="Kota Masai">Kota Masai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Tiram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Tiram (page does not exist)">Sungai Tiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Langsat" title="Tanjung Langsat">Tanjung Langsat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulai" title="Kulai">Bandar Kulai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indahpura" title="Indahpura">Indahpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senai" title="Senai">Senai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleng" title="Saleng">Saleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedenak" title="Sedenak">Sedenak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seelong" title="Seelong">Seelong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengkang,_Kulai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sengkang, Kulai">Sengkang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekan_Nanas" title="Pekan Nanas">Pekan Nanas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kukup" title="Kukup">Kukup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Bemban" title="Ayer Bemban">Ayer Bemban</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Coastal_Bridge" title="Iskandar Coastal Bridge">Iskandar Coastal Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia_Studios" title="Iskandar Malaysia Studios">Iskandar Malaysia Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor%E2%80%93Singapore_Causeway" title="Johor–Singapore Causeway">Johor–Singapore Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Old_Chinese_Temple" title="Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple">Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Port" title="Johor Port">Johor Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Premium_Outlets" title="Johor Premium Outlets">Johor Premium Outlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Technology_Park" title="Johor Technology Park">Johor Technology Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempas_Sentral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kempas Sentral (page does not exist)">Kempas Sentral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komtar_JBCC" title="Komtar JBCC">Komtar JBCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Iskandar" title="Kota Iskandar">Kota Iskandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkin_Sentral" title="Larkin Sentral">Larkin Sentral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legoland_Malaysia_Resort" title="Legoland Malaysia Resort">Legoland Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Second_Link" title="Malaysia–Singapore Second Link">Malaysia–Singapore Second Link</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_Complex" title="Sultan Abu Bakar Complex">Sultan Abu Bakar Complex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall_of_Medini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mall of Medini (page does not exist)">Mall of Medini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSC_Cyberport" title="MSC Cyberport">MSC Cyberport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permas_Jaya_Bridge" title="Permas Jaya Bridge">Permas Jaya Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persada_Johor_International_Convention_Centre" title="Persada Johor International Convention Centre">Persada Johor International Convention Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tanjung_Pelepas" title="Port of Tanjung Pelepas">Port of Tanjung Pelepas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senai_International_Airport" title="Senai International Airport">Senai International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Integrated_Gateway" title="Southern Integrated Gateway">Southern Integrated Gateway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Iskandar_Building" title="Sultan Iskandar Building">Sultan Iskandar Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Sentral_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru Sentral railway station">JB Sentral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Johor_Bridge" title="Sungai Johor Bridge">Sungai Johor Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Iskandar_Mosque" title="Sultan Iskandar Mosque">Sultan Iskandar Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Piai" title="Tanjung Piai">Tanjung Piai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Indah_Highway" title="Bukit Indah Highway">Bukit Indah Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Coastal_Highway" title="Iskandar Coastal Highway">Iskandar Coastal Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Iskandar Malaysia Bus Rapid Transit">Iskandar Malaysia Bus Rapid Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Eastern_Dispersal_Link_Expressway" title="Johor Bahru Eastern Dispersal Link Expressway">Johor Bahru Eastern Dispersal Link Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Inner_Ring_Road" title="Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road">Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru%E2%80%93Pasir_Gudang_Elevated_Expressway" title="Johor Bahru–Pasir Gudang Elevated Expressway">Johor Bahru–Pasir Gudang Elevated Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru%E2%80%93Singapore_Rapid_Transit_System" title="Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System">Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_southern_route" class="mw-redirect" title="North–South Expressway southern route">North–South Expressway southern route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang_Highway" title="Pasir Gudang Highway">Pasir Gudang Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permas_Jaya-Pasir_Gudang_Road" title="Permas Jaya-Pasir Gudang Road">Johor Bahru East Coast Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_electrification_in_Malaysia" title="Railway electrification in Malaysia">Gemas–Johor Bahru double-tracking and electrification project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Link_Expressway" title="Second Link Expressway">Second Link Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senai%E2%80%93Desaru_Expressway" title="Senai–Desaru Expressway">Senai–Desaru Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skudai_Highway" title="Skudai Highway">Skudai Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru%E2%80%93Kota_Tinggi_Highway" title="Johor Bahru–Kota Tinggi Highway">Tebrau Highway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Sultan_Polytechnic" title="Ibrahim Sultan Polytechnic">Ibrahim Sultan Polytechnic</a> (PIS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_Development_Institute_of_Singapore" title="Management Development Institute of Singapore">MDIS Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University_Medical_School#Malaysian_campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle University Medical School">Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universiti Teknologi Malaysia">Universiti Teknologi Malaysia</a> (UTM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_MARA" title="Universiti Teknologi MARA">Universiti Teknologi MARA</a> (UiTM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading Malaysia Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton#Malaysia_Campus" title="University of Southampton">University of Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_University_College" title="Southern University College">Southern University College</a> (Southen UC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231318#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1255" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231318#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1255" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231318#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4386060-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80080339">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124210343">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124210343">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552511205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b7b38668-abbd-4426-9e08-6f998c5205ec">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033334021">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&oldid=1276000528">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johor_Bahru&oldid=1276000528</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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