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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <meta name="twitter:widgets:border-color" content="#ffffff"> <title> Saudi Arabia | Climate Action Tracker </title> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <meta name="description" content=""/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <meta property="og:title" content=" Saudi Arabia"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://climateactiontracker.org/static/images/generic-social.jpg"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/images/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/images/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" 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</ul> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item dropdown deep-dropdown active"> <a data-deep-toggle=".deep-dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#">Countries</a> <div class="dropdown-menu countries-menu-dropdown"> <ul class="countries-menu-dropdown__countries hidden-md hidden-lg"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <form data-vanilla-url-jump-form> <select name="url_selector" class="form-control"> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/">- Select a country -</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/argentina/" >Argentina</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/australia/" >Australia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/bhutan/" >Bhutan</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/brazil/" >Brazil</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/canada/" >Canada</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/chile/" >Chile</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/china/" >China</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/colombia/" >Colombia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/costa-rica/" >Costa Rica</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/eu/" >EU</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/egypt/" >Egypt</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/ethiopia/" >Ethiopia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/gabon/" >Gabon</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/germany/" >Germany</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/india/" >India</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/indonesia/" >Indonesia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/iran/" >Iran (Islamic Republic of)</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/japan/" >Japan</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/kazakhstan/" >Kazakhstan</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/kenya/" >Kenya</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/mexico/" >Mexico</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/morocco/" >Morocco</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/nepal/" >Nepal</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/new-zealand/" >New Zealand</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/nigeria/" >Nigeria</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/norway/" >Norway</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/peru/" >Peru</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/philippines/" >Philippines</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/russian-federation/" >Russian Federation</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/saudi-arabia/" selected="selected">Saudi Arabia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/singapore/" >Singapore</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/south-africa/" >South Africa</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/south-korea/" >South Korea</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/switzerland/" >Switzerland</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/thailand/" >Thailand</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/gambia/" >The Gambia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/turkey/" >Türkiye</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/uae/" >UAE</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/usa/" >USA</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/ukraine/" >Ukraine</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/uk/" >United Kingdom</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/vietnam/" >Viet Nam</option> </select> </form> </li> </ul> <ul class="countries-menu-dropdown__links"> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/countries/overview/">Overview</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/countries/rating-system/">Rating system</a></li> </ul> <div class="countries-menu-dropdown__countries_wrapper"> <ul class="countries-menu-dropdown__countries hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/argentina/">Argentina</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/australia/">Australia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/bhutan/">Bhutan</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/brazil/">Brazil</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/canada/">Canada</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/chile/">Chile</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/china/">China</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/colombia/">Colombia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/costa-rica/">Costa Rica</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/eu/">EU</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/egypt/">Egypt</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/ethiopia/">Ethiopia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/gabon/">Gabon</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/germany/">Germany</a></li> </ul> <ul class="countries-menu-dropdown__countries hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/india/">India</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/indonesia/">Indonesia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/iran/">Iran (Islamic Republic of)</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/japan/">Japan</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/kazakhstan/">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/kenya/">Kenya</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/mexico/">Mexico</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/morocco/">Morocco</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/nepal/">Nepal</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/new-zealand/">New Zealand</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/norway/">Norway</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/peru/">Peru</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/philippines/">Philippines</a></li> </ul> <ul class="countries-menu-dropdown__countries hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/russian-federation/">Russian Federation</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/saudi-arabia/">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/singapore/">Singapore</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/south-africa/">South Africa</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/south-korea/">South Korea</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/switzerland/">Switzerland</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/thailand/">Thailand</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/gambia/">The Gambia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/turkey/">Türkiye</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/uae/">UAE</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/usa/">USA</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/uk/">United Kingdom</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/vietnam/">Viet Nam</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item dropdown deep-dropdown"> <a data-deep-toggle=".deep-dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#">Methodology</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/methodology/">Introduction</a></li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item flyout"> <a data-deep-toggle=".flyout" class="flyout__toggle" href="#">CAT rating methodology</a> <flyout-menu parent=".flyout" class="flyout__menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/cat-rating-methodology/">Overview</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/cat-rating-methodology/fair-share/">Fair share</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/cat-rating-methodology/modelled-domestic-pathways/">Modelled domestic pathways</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/cat-rating-methodology/finance/">Finance</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/cat-rating-methodology/lulucf/">LULUCF</a> </li> </ul> </flyout-menu> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/global-pathways/">Global emissions and temperature</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/estimating-national-emissions/">Estimating national emissions</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/paris-temperature-goal/">Paris temperature goal</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/land-use-and-forestry/">Land use, land-use change and forestry</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/net-zero-targets/">Net zero targets</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/rating-aviation-and-shipping/">Rating aviation and shipping</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item dropdown deep-dropdown"> <a data-deep-toggle=".deep-dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#">Publications</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/publications/">Reports</a></li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/publications/climate-governance/">Climate Governance Series</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" href="/blog/">Blog</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item dropdown deep-dropdown"> <a data-deep-toggle=".deep-dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#">Media</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/press/">News releases</a></li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/press/media-contact/">Media Contact</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item dropdown deep-dropdown"> <a data-deep-toggle=".deep-dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#">Data Explorer</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu--last" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/cat-data-explorer/">Data Explorer</a></li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/cat-data-explorer/country-ratings/">Country ratings</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/cat-data-explorer/country-emissions/">Country emissions analysis</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/cat-data-explorer/sector-indicators/">Sector indicators and 1.5°C benchmarks</a> </li> </ul> </li> <span data-component-nav-search class="nav-item nav-search"> <a href="#" class="nav-link d-block nav-search__link"> <span class="icon icon-icons_4"></span> <span class="nav-search__link-text">Search</span> </a> </span> </ul> </div> </nav> <main class="main-content"> <section class="headline--3" style="background-image: url('/static/images/slide-mask-3.png');"> <div class="container"> <div class="headline__first"> <div class="headline__flag"> <a href="/countries/saudi-arabia/"><img class="img-fluid" src="/static/countries/flags/4x3/sa.svg" alt=""></a> </div> <div class="headline__info"> <h1 class="headline__title">Saudi Arabia</h1> <form data-vanilla-url-jump-form class="headline__revisions"> <label for="url_selector" class="headline__revisions-label">Choose update to view</label> <select id="url_selector" name="url_selector" class="headline__revisions-select"> <option value="/countries/saudi-arabia/" selected="selected"> 1 Dec 2023</option> <option value="/countries/saudi-arabia/2021-11-04/" > 4 Nov 2021</option> <option value="/countries/saudi-arabia/2021-09-15/" >15 Sep 2021</option> <option value="/countries/saudi-arabia/2020-09-22/" >22 Sep 2020</option> <option value="/countries/saudi-arabia/2019-12-02/" > 2 Dec 2019</option> <option value="/countries/saudi-arabia/2019-09-19/" >19 Sep 2019</option> <option value="/countries/saudi-arabia/2018-11-30/" >30 Nov 2018</option> <option value="/countries/saudi-arabia/2018-04-30/" >30 Apr 2018</option> <option value="/media/documents/2018/4/CAT_2017-11-06_CountryAssessment_SaudiArabia.pdf" > 6 Nov 2017</option> <option value="/media/documents/2018/4/CAT_2016-03-23_CountryAssessment_SaudiArabia.pdf" >23 Mar 2016</option> </select> </form> </div> </div> <div class="headline__second"> <div class="headline__social social hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <span class="social__label">Share</span> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?status=Saudi%20Arabia%3A%20http%3A//climateactiontracker.org/countries/saudi-arabia/" class="social__item" target="_blank"> <span class="icon icon-icons_31"></span> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http%3A//climateactiontracker.org/countries/saudi-arabia/" class="social__item" target="_blank"> <span class="icon icon-icons_32"></span> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=http%3A//climateactiontracker.org/countries/saudi-arabia/&amp;title=Saudi%20Arabia&amp;summary=&amp;source=" class="social__item" target="_blank"> <span class="icon icon-icons_36"></span> </a> </div> <div class="headline__social social hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="dropdown dropdown--blue dropdown--right"> <button class="dropdown-toggle social__label social__dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="shareButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Share </button> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" aria-labelledby="shareButton"> <div class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?status=Saudi%20Arabia%3A%20http%3A//climateactiontracker.org/countries/saudi-arabia/" class="" target="_blank"> <span class="icon icon-icons_31"></span> Twitter </a></div> <div class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http%3A//climateactiontracker.org/countries/saudi-arabia/" class="" target="_blank"> <span class="icon icon-icons_32"></span> Facebook </a></div> <div class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=http%3A//climateactiontracker.org/countries/saudi-arabia/&amp;title=Saudi%20Arabia&amp;summary=&amp;source=" class="" target="_blank"> <span class="icon icon-icons_36"></span> Linkedin </a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section> <div class="container"> <div class="t-padding--2 b-padding--2"> <div class="ratings-matrix"> <div class="ratings-matrix__overall ratings-matrix__tile--DARK_GRAY"> <dl> <dt>Overall rating</dt> <dd>Critically insufficient</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__second-row"> <div class="ratings-matrix__second-row-cell ratings-matrix__tile--DARK_GRAY"> <dl> <dt><p>Policies and action <br><i>against fair share</i></p></dt> <dd><b>Critically insufficient</b></dd> <dd><i>4°C+ World</i></dd> </dl> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__second-row-cell ratings-matrix__tile--DARK_GRAY"> <dl> <dt><p>NDC target<br> <i>against modelled domestic pathways</i></p></dt> <dd><b>Critically insufficient</b></dd> <dd><i>4°C+ World</i></dd> </dl> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__second-row-cell ratings-matrix__tile--DARK_GRAY"> <dl> <dt><p>NDC target<br> <i>against fair share</i></p></dt> <dd><b>Critically insufficient</b></dd> <dd><i>4°C+ World</i></dd> </dl> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__second-row-cell ratings-matrix__tile--GRAY"> <dl> <dt>Climate finance</dt> <dd><b>Not applicable</b></dd> </dl> </div> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__third-row"> <div class="ratings-matrix__third-row-cell ratings-matrix__third-row-cell--RED"> <dl class="ratings-matrix__net_zero_target"> <dt>Net zero target</dt> <dd> <p>year</p> <b>2060</b> </dd> <dd> <p>Comprehensiveness rated as</p> <b class="ratings-matrix__label ratings-matrix__label--RED"> Poor </b> </dd> </dl> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__third-row-cell ratings-matrix__third-row-cell--DARK_GRAY"> <dl class="ratings-matrix__land_use_forestry"> <dt>Land use &amp; forestry</dt> <dd> <b class="ratings-matrix__label ratings-matrix__label--DARK_GRAY"> Not significant </b> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="country-tabs"> <div class="container"> <h3 class="country-tabs__header bottom-line bottom-line--primary bottom-line--130"> Country summary</h3> <ul class="nav nav-pills"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/">Summary</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/targets/">Targets</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/policies-action/">Policies &amp; action</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/net-zero-targets/">Net zero targets</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/assumptions/">Assumptions</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/sources/">Sources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="container b-padding--3"> <div data-component-graph-embed data-props-footnotes="" data-props-graph-image-url="/media/images/CAT_2023-12u_Graph_SplitSummary_SaudiArabia.width-1110.png" data-props-graph-hires-image-url="/media/images/CAT_2023-12u_Graph_SplitSummary_SaudiArabia.original.png" data-props-scenario-data-url="/documents/1272/202309_CAT_AssessmentData_SAU.xlsx" data-props-fair-share-data-url="" data-props-how-to-url="/countries/cat-graphs/" > </div> </div> <section data-vanilla-collapsible-sections class="b-padding--3"> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <h3 id="section__overview"> Overview </h3> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="0ijxr"><b>Saudi Arabia is doing little to decarbonise its economy—its emissions are projected to significantly rise by 2030 while its national oil company, Aramco, is planning to increase oil output in the coming years. Despite repeatedly announcing ambitious renewable energy targets, Saudi Arabia has made little tangible progress in the last decade.</b></p><p data-block-key="3f83p"><b>In fact, the government is actively seeking to undermine global efforts to phase out fossil fuels; instead, it is promoting false solutions like carbon, capture and storage (CCS) technologies as a smokescreen to justify expanding its oil industry. Saudi Arabia is also investing in so-called “development projects” strategically designed to artificially increase demand for fossil fuels in developing countries. The Climate Action Tracker (CAT) rates Saudi Arabia’s overall climate action as “Critically Insufficient”.</b></p><p data-block-key="6tov7">Saudi Arabia’s 2030 and 2060 climate commitments are problematic in several ways: they lack transparency, rely largely on the deployment of CCS, and fail to address concerns about its role as the world’s leading crude oil exporter.</p><p data-block-key="kenq">Its <a href="https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/202203111154---KSA%20NDC%202021.pdf">2030 emissions reduction target</a> is explicitly based on a scenario with substantial fossil fuel exports and includes a “get out clause” if international climate change policies negatively affect these exports. Our analysis suggests that this target could lead to national emissions ranging anywhere between ~520–800 MtCO2e—going from a slight decrease in emissions to a significant increase compared to current levels (700 MtCO2e in 2021) due to uncertainties around the expected contribution of the land use and forestry sector.</p><p data-block-key="f2bq5">The Saudi government also announced a 2060 net zero target in 2021 but has yet to release any additional information on this objective or enshrine it into law, giving it little credibility. Despite its diversification plan, Saudi Arabia remains heavily dependent on oil revenues and has done little to diversify its economy and adapt to a world heading to net zero emissions.</p><p data-block-key="cors6">In fact, a <a href="https://climate-reporting.org/undercover-saudi-arabia-keep-burning-oil/">recent investigation</a> reveals that Saudi Arabia is developing investment plans strategically designed to protect its oil revenues by keeping developing countries “hooked” on fossil fuels. The government aims to artificially increase demand for oil in Africa and Asia, including by promoting the development of commercial supersonic air travel, deploying fossil fuel-powered vehicles, and lobbying against government subsidies for electric vehicles.</p><p data-block-key="40gpm">Saudi Arabia also has a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/nov/19/false-solutions-scepticism-over-saudi-carbon-capture-plan">track record</a> of obstructing international climate negotiations by repeatedly opposing references to the 1.5°C warming limit and language related to the phase-out of fossil fuels. Notably, at COP27, Saudi Arabia was one of the few countries that strongly opposed language around a fossil fuel phase-down. This raises concerns about the country’s willingness to engage in meaningful climate action on the global stage.</p><p data-block-key="dlq1e">Saudi Arabia has a history of flip-flopping on renewable energy targets. The government made its first bold announcement in 2013, aiming to install 54 GW by 2032. Several announcements have since followed but these have yet to translate into concrete action. The most recent target aims for 50% of electricity to be generated with renewable energy by 2030. However, in 2022, renewables generated less than 1% of electricity, and Saudi Arabia still had less than 1 GW of installed renewable capacity.</p><p data-block-key="bised">To improve its climate action, Saudi Arabia should take the following steps:</p><ul><li data-block-key="fuer8"><b>Develop an economic diversification plan away from fossil fuels which is both compatible with the Paris agreement and takes into account the risks</b> <b>associated with exporting</b> <b>fossil fuels in a net zero world.</b> This plan should include a clear commitment to ending new investments in oil and gas production and a phase out of fossil fuels in line with a 1.5°C scenario.</li><li data-block-key="5d04g"><b>Significantly increase the pace of renewable energy deployment.</b></li><li data-block-key="6q0mj"><b>Update its NDC</b> by strengthening its 2030 target, providing an absolute emissions reduction target (instead of a reduction below an uncommunicated baseline scenario) and clarifying LULUCF assumptions.</li><li data-block-key="flglh"><b>Clarify the assumptions behind its 2060 net zero target</b>, which currently lacks transparency and credibility, and does not provide a clear emissions reduction pathway.</li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <div class="section-header" id="section__critically-insufficient"> <div class="ratings-section-header ratings-matrix__tile--DARK_GRAY"> <dl> <dt>Overall rating</dt> <dd>Critically insufficient</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="0ijxr"><b>The CAT rates Saudi Arabia’s climate targets and policies as “Critically insufficient”.</b> This rating indicates that Saudi Arabia’s climate policies and commitments reflect minimal to no action and are not at all consistent with the 1.5°C temperature limit. Saudi Arabia’s 2030 climate commitment is unclear, as the government has not published the baseline corresponding to its Paris Agreement target.</p><p data-block-key="mofs">We rate Saudi Arabia’s 2030 emissions reduction target as “Critically insufficient” when compared with its fair-share contribution to climate action and is consistent with more than 4°C of warming.</p><p data-block-key="62fso">The 2030 target is rated as ‘Highly insufficient’ when compared to modelled domestic pathways, downscaled from global least-cost scenarios. Saudi Arabia’s policies could lead to its emissions peaking in the second half of this decade, but still only in line with 2°C to 3°C warming. Saudi Arabia still needs to strengthen its target for emissions reductions and implement additional policies to get a rating aligned to the Paris Agreement.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <div class="section-header" id="section__critically-insufficient"> <div class="ratings-section-header ratings-matrix__tile--DARK_GRAY"> <dl> <dt><p>Policies and action <br><i>against fair share</i></p></dt> <dd>Critically insufficient</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="0ijxr"><b>We rate Saudi Arabia’s policies and actions against modelled domestic pathways as “Critically Insufficient”</b>. This rating indicates that Saudi Arabia’s policies and action in 2030 reflect minimal to no action and are not at all consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C. If all countries were to follow Saudi Arabia’s approach, warming would exceed 4°C.</p><p data-block-key="add91">Saudi Arabia remains highly dependent on fossil fuel revenues and keeps pushing for false solutions in the hope of extending the life of its extractive industry. The government has put forward several mitigation measures, but implementation has been slow, particularly in the renewable energy sector. Despite its vast solar energy resource, Saudi Arabia had only installed about 0.4 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, generating less than 1% of total electricity.</p><p data-block-key="bksph"><b>The full policies and action analysis can be found</b> <a href="/countries/saudi-arabia/2023-12-01/"><b>here</b></a><b>.</b></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <div class="section-header" id="section__critically-insufficient"> <div class="ratings-section-header ratings-matrix__tile--DARK_GRAY"> <dl> <dt><p>NDC target<br> <i>against modelled domestic pathways</i></p></dt> <dd>Critically insufficient</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="0ijxr"><b>We rate Saudi Arabia’s NDC target as “Critically insufficient” when compared to domestic pathways.</b> The “Critically insufficient” rating indicates that Saudi Arabia’s NDC target reflects minimal to no action and is not at all consistent with the 1.5°C temperature limit when compared to modelled domestic pathways. If all countries were to follow Saudi Arabia’s approach, warming would exceed 4°C.</p><p data-block-key="ei2d9">Saudi Arabia's NDC rating against modelled domestic pathways has deteriorated compared to our previous assessment due to an update in our modelled domestic pathways to the pathways assessed in the AR6, and a significant change in historical emissions. The latest historical data show higher emissions in the energy and industry sectors, which were previously underreported.</p><p data-block-key="7dko">As a result, its NDC rating is no longer “Highly insufficient” and falls into the “Critically insufficient” range. Our newer pathways better capture national circumstances - including the recent plateauing in Saudi Arabia's emissions - and, for higher temperature levels, show less room for emissions growth than the previous set.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <div class="section-header" id="section__critically-insufficient"> <div class="ratings-section-header ratings-matrix__tile--DARK_GRAY"> <dl> <dt><p>NDC target<br> <i>against fair share</i></p></dt> <dd>Critically insufficient</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="0ijxr"><b>We rate Saudi Arabia’s NDC target against fair share as “Critically insufficient”.</b> The “Critically insufficient” rating indicates that Saudi Arabia’s NDC target in 2030 reflects minimal to no action and is not at all consistent with the 1.5°C temperature limit when compared to its fair share. Saudi Arabia’s target is not in line with any interpretation of a fair approach to meeting the 1.5°C temperature limit. If all countries were to follow Saudi Arabia’s approach, warming would exceed 4°C.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <div class="section-header" id="section__poor"> <div class="ratings-section-header ratings-matrix__tile--RED"> <dl> <dt>Net zero target</dt> <dd>Poor</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="0ijxr"><b>We evaluate the target as: Poor.</b></p><p data-block-key="42sv9">Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman announced Saudi Arabia’s net zero target for 2060 at the first Saudi Green Initiative Forum in October 2021. However, the target has yet to be enshrined in law or in a policy document.</p><p data-block-key="9cb4l">Since its initial announcement in 2021, the Saudi government has not provided any further detailed information on scope, target architecture, or transparency. Saudi Arabia has not yet provided a clear emissions reduction pathway to net zero. The emission coverage remains unclear. The CAT currently assumes that only CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are covered given the lack of information.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="latest-publications b-padding--3"> <div class="container"> <h3 class="bottom-line bottom-line--primary bottom-line--130">Further analysis</h3> <div class="row-listing"> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/targets/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="Targets" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-PledgesTargets.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> </div> <div class="row-listing__item-title">Targets</div> </a> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/policies-action/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="Policies &amp; action" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-CurrentPolicies.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> </div> <div class="row-listing__item-title">Policies &amp; action</div> </a> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/net-zero-targets/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="Net zero targets" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-MitigationOptions.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> </div> <div class="row-listing__item-title">Net zero targets</div> </a> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/assumptions/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="Assumptions" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-Assumtions.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> </div> <div class="row-listing__item-title">Assumptions</div> </a> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/saudi-arabia/sources/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="Sources" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-Sources.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> </div> <div class="row-listing__item-title">Sources</div> </a> </div> </div> </section> <section class="latest-news b-padding--3"> <div class="container"> <h3 class="bottom-line bottom-line--primary bottom-line--130">Latest publications</h3> </div> <div class="slider"> <div 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