CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Space tourism - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8409755d-6c55-4bd8-9fb6-55ee5004497a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Space_tourism","wgTitle":"Space tourism","wgCurRevisionId":1254813731,"wgRevisionId":1254813731,"wgArticleId":67896,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 maint: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from September 2023","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2021","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024", "Commons category link is on Wikidata","Space tourism","Space tourists","American inventions","Russian inventions","Types of tourism","2001 introductions"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Space_tourism","wgRelevantArticleId":67896,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q49390","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init": "ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="794"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="530"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="424"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Space tourism - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_tourism"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_tourism"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Space_tourism rootpage-Space_tourism skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Space+tourism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Space+tourism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Space+tourism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Space+tourism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Precursors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precursors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Precursors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precursors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub-orbital_space_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-orbital_space_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sub-orbital space tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sub-orbital_space_tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sub-orbital space tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sub-orbital_space_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Successful_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successful_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Successful projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Successful_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canceled_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canceled_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Canceled projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canceled_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbital_space_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbital_space_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Orbital space tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Orbital_space_tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Orbital space tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Orbital_space_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Successful_projects_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successful_projects_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Successful projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Successful_projects_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ongoing_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ongoing_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ongoing projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ongoing_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canceled_projects_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canceled_projects_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Canceled projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canceled_projects_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_beyond_Earth_orbit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_beyond_Earth_orbit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tourism beyond Earth orbit</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism_beyond_Earth_orbit-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism beyond Earth orbit subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism_beyond_Earth_orbit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ongoing_projects_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ongoing_projects_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ongoing projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ongoing_projects_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancelled_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancelled_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cancelled projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancelled_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues_and_challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues_and_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Legal issues and challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues_and_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_space_tourism_trips" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_space_tourism_trips"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of space tourism trips</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_space_tourism_trips-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_of_the_term_space_tourist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_of_the_term_space_tourist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Criticism of the term <i>space tourist</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_of_the_term_space_tourist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attitudes_towards_space_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attitudes_towards_space_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Attitudes towards space tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attitudes_towards_space_tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attitudes towards space tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attitudes_towards_space_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environmental_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Environmental effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Education and advocacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_potential" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_potential"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Economic potential</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_potential-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Space tourism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimtetoerisme" title="Ruimtetoerisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ruimtetoerisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="سياحة الفضاء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سياحة الفضاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turista_espacial" title="Turista espacial – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turista espacial" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmik_turizm" title="Kosmik turizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kosmik turizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Космически туризъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Космически туризъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme_espacial" title="Turisme espacial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turisme espacial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesm%C3%ADrn%C3%A1_turistika" title="Vesmírná turistika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vesmírná turistika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumturisme" title="Rumturisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rumturisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltraumtourismus" title="Weltraumtourismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weltraumtourismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoseturism" title="Kosmoseturism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kosmoseturism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo_espacial" title="Turismo espacial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turismo espacial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoturismo" title="Kosmoturismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosmoturismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espazio-turismo" title="Espazio-turismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espazio-turismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="گردشگری فضایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گردشگری فضایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourisme_spatial" title="Tourisme spatial – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tourisme spatial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%97%AC%ED%96%89" title="우주여행 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우주여행" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A6%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տիեզերական զբոսաշրջություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիեզերական զբոսաշրջություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="अंतरिक्ष पर्यटन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतरिक्ष पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkasawisata" title="Angkasawisata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkasawisata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo_spaziale" title="Turismo spaziale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turismo spaziale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C" title="תיירות בחלל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תיירות בחלל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კოსმოსური ტურიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოსმოსური ტურიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoso_turizmas" title="Kosmoso turizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosmoso turizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimtetoerisme" title="Ruimtetoerisme – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ruimtetoerisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B0rturizmus" title="Űrturizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Űrturizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вселенски туризам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вселенски туризам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelancongan_angkasa_lepas" title="Pelancongan angkasa lepas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pelancongan angkasa lepas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimtetoerisme" title="Ruimtetoerisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruimtetoerisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" title="宇宙旅行 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宇宙旅行" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romturisme" title="Romturisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romturisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmik_turizm" title="Kosmik turizm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kosmik turizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turystyka_kosmiczna" title="Turystyka kosmiczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turystyka kosmiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo_espacial" title="Turismo espacial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turismo espacial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism_spa%C8%9Bial" title="Turism spațial – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turism spațial" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Космический туризм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Космический туризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="අභ්‍යවකාශ සංචාරක කර්මාන්තය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අභ්‍යවකාශ සංචාරක කර්මාන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Space tourism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesoljski_turizem" title="Vesoljski turizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vesoljski turizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="گەشتیاریی بۆشایی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەشتیاریی بۆشایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Свемирски туризам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Свемирски туризам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svemirski_turizam" title="Svemirski turizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svemirski turizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaruusturismi" title="Avaruusturismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Avaruusturismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rymdturism" title="Rymdturism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rymdturism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="விண்வெளிச் சுற்றுலா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விண்வெளிச் சுற்றுலா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="การท่องเที่ยวอวกาศ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การท่องเที่ยวอวกาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzay_turizmi" title="Uzay turizmi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uzay turizmi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Космічний туризм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Космічний туризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_l%E1%BB%8Bch_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5" title="Du lịch vũ trụ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Du lịch vũ trụ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%B8%E5%AE%A2" title="太空游客 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="太空游客" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49390#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Space_tourism" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Space_tourism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Space_tourism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Space_tourism" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Space_tourism" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&oldid=1254813731" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Space_tourism&id=1254813731&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpace_tourism"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpace_tourism"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Space_tourism&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Space_tourism" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Space_tourism" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49390" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human space travel for recreation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about paying space travellers. For other commercial spacefarers, see <a href="/wiki/Commercial_astronaut" title="Commercial astronaut">Commercial astronaut</a>. For entrepreneurial space ventures and colonization, see <a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">Private spaceflight</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Space tourist" redirects here. For persons in space other than government employees or Axiom Space astronauts, see <a href="/wiki/Space_flight_participant" class="mw-redirect" title="Space flight participant">Space flight participant</a>. For the 2009 film, see <a href="/wiki/Space_Tourists" title="Space Tourists">Space Tourists</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg/495px-The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg/660px-The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="2031" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-20" title="Soyuz MS-20">Soyuz MS-20</a> crew on the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, from left to right: <a href="/wiki/Yusaku_Maezawa" title="Yusaku Maezawa">Yusaku Maezawa</a> (Spaceflight Participant), <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Misurkin" title="Alexander Misurkin">Alexander Misurkin</a> (cosmonaut), and <a href="/wiki/Yozo_Hirano" title="Yozo Hirano">Yozo Hirano</a> (Spaceflight Participant).</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Spaceflight" title="Category:Spaceflight">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.5em"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg/220px-STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg/330px-STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg/440px-STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2928" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_spaceflight" title="History of spaceflight">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_spaceflight" title="History of spaceflight">History of spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_spaceflight" title="Timeline of spaceflight">Timeline of spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">Space probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lunar missions">Lunar missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">Mars missions</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Spaceflight#Applications_of_spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">Applications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_observation_satellite" title="Earth observation satellite">Earth observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy satellite">Espionage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_satellite" title="Military satellite">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">Telescopes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tourism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic spacecraft</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">Space probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo spacecraft">Cargo spacecraft</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Crewed spacecraft</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">Space capsules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">Space stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">Spaceplanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Space_launch" title="Space launch">Space launch</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Spaceport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_pad" title="Launch pad">Launch pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expendable_launch_system" title="Expendable launch system">Expendable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reusable_launch_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Reusable launch system">reusable</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">Escape velocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-rocket_spacelaunch" title="Non-rocket spacelaunch">Non-rocket spacelaunch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Spaceflight types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" title="Orbital spaceflight">Orbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_spaceflight" title="Interplanetary spaceflight">Interplanetary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_travel" title="Interstellar travel">Interstellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_travel" title="Intergalactic travel">Intergalactic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">List of space organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_space_agencies" title="List of government space agencies">Space agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_forces,_units,_and_formations" title="List of space forces, units, and formations">Space forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_spaceflight_companies" title="List of private spaceflight companies">Companies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#000 2px solid; border-bottom:#000 2px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/16px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/24px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/32px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spaceflight_sidebar" title="Template:Spaceflight sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spaceflight_sidebar" title="Template talk:Spaceflight sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spaceflight_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spaceflight sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Space tourism</b> is <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human space travel</a> for recreational purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several different types of space tourism, including orbital, <a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a> and lunar space tourism. Tourists are motivated by the possibility of viewing Earth from space, feeling weightlessness, experiencing extremely high speed and something unusual, and contributing to science.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Space tourism started in April 2001, when American businessman and engineer <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a> became the first ever space tourist to travel to space aboard a Soyuz-TM32 spacecraft. During the period from 2001 to 2009, seven space tourists made eight space flights aboard a Russian <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz spacecraft</a> to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, brokered by American company <a href="/wiki/Space_Adventures" title="Space Adventures">Space Adventures</a> in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> and <a href="/wiki/S.P._Korolev_Rocket_and_Space_Corporation_Energia" class="mw-redirect" title="S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia">RSC Energia</a>. Iranian-American businesswoman <a href="/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari" title="Anousheh Ansari">Anousheh Ansari</a> became the first ever female space tourist in September 2006. The publicized price was in the range of US$20–25 million per trip. Some space tourists have signed contracts with third parties to conduct certain research activities while in orbit. By 2007, space tourism was thought to be one of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">markets</a> that would emerge for commercial spaceflight.<sup id="cite_ref-belfiore2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belfiore2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> </p><p>Space tourists need to be in good physical form before going to space. In particular, they have to train for fast acceleration or g-forces in a centrifuge and weightlessness by flying in a high-altitude jet plane doing parabolic arcs. They may have to learn how to operate and even fix parts of the spaceship using simulators. </p><p>Russia halted orbital space tourism in 2010 due to the increase in the International Space Station crew size, using the seats for expedition crews that would previously have been sold to paying spaceflight participants.<sup id="cite_ref-nomorespacetourism_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nomorespacetourism-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-interfaxtourism_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interfaxtourism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orbital tourist flights were set to resume in 2015 but the planned flight was postponed indefinitely.<sup id="cite_ref-spaceadventures.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spaceadventures.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian orbital tourism eventually resumed with the launch of <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-20" title="Soyuz MS-20">Soyuz MS-20</a> in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-nsf-soyuz-ms-20_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-soyuz-ms-20-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 7, 2019, <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Association">NASA</a> announced that starting in 2020, the organization aims to start allowing private astronauts to go on the International Space Station, with the use of the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Crew Dragon">Crew Dragon</a> spacecraft and the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Starliner" title="Boeing Starliner">Boeing Starliner</a> spacecraft for public astronauts, which is planned to be priced at 35,000 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> per day for one astronaut,<sup id="cite_ref-$35ktogototheISS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-$35ktogototheISS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an estimated 50 million <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> for the ride there and back.<sup id="cite_ref-$50mridetotheISS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-$50mridetotheISS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Work also continues towards developing suborbital space tourism vehicles. This is being done by aerospace companies like <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a>. SpaceX announced in 2018 that they are <a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">planning on sending space tourists</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Yusaku_Maezawa" title="Yusaku Maezawa">Yusaku Maezawa</a>, on a <a href="/wiki/Free-return_trajectory" title="Free-return trajectory">free-return trajectory</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> on the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a>, however the project was cancelled on June 1st 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-teslarati_moonflight_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teslarati_moonflight-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grush_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grush-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precursors">Precursors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Precursors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a> was successful in broadening the pool of <a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmonauts">cosmonauts</a>. The Soviet <a href="/wiki/Interkosmos" title="Interkosmos">Intercosmos</a> program included cosmonauts selected from <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> member countries (<a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, Poland, East Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania) and later from allies of the USSR (Cuba, Mongolia, Vietnam) and <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">non-aligned</a> countries (India, Syria, Afghanistan). Most of these cosmonauts received full training for their missions and were treated as equals, but were generally given shorter flights than Soviet cosmonauts. The <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) also took advantage of the program.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">US Space Shuttle program</a> included <a href="/wiki/Payload_Specialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Payload Specialist">payload specialist</a> positions which were usually filled by representatives of companies or institutions managing a specific payload on that mission. These payload specialists did not receive the same training as professional <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> astronauts and were not employed by NASA. In 1983, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Merbold" title="Ulf Merbold">Ulf Merbold</a> from the ESA and <a href="/wiki/Byron_K._Lichtenberg" title="Byron K. Lichtenberg">Byron Lichtenberg</a> from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> (engineer and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a> fighter pilot) were the first payload specialists to fly on the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>, on mission <a href="/wiki/STS-9" title="STS-9">STS-9</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984, <a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Walker" title="Charles D. Walker">Charles D. Walker</a> became the first non-government astronaut to fly, with his employer <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> paying US$40,000 (equivalent to $117,309 in 2023) for his flight.<sup id="cite_ref-unl2011_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unl2011-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 74–75">: 74–75 </span></sup> During the 1970s, Shuttle prime contractor <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell International</a> studied a $200–300 million removable cabin that could fit into the Shuttle's cargo bay. The cabin could carry up to 74 passengers into orbit for up to three days. Space Habitation Design Associates proposed, in 1983, a cabin for 72 passengers in the bay. Passengers were located in six sections, each with windows and its own loading ramp, and with seats in different configurations for launch and landing. Another proposal was based on the <a href="/wiki/Spacelab" title="Spacelab">Spacelab</a> habitation modules, which provided 32 seats in the payload bay in addition to those in the cockpit area. A 1985 presentation to the <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Society" title="National Space Society">National Space Society</a> stated that, although flying tourists in the cabin would cost $1 million to $1.5 million per passenger without government subsidy, within 15 years, 30,000 people a year would pay US$25,000 (equivalent to $70,823 in 2023) each to fly in space on new spacecraft. The presentation also forecast flights to <a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit" title="Lunar orbit">lunar orbit</a> within 30 years and visits to the lunar surface within 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-l5198504_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l5198504-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the shuttle program expanded in the early 1980s, NASA began a Space Flight Participant program to allow citizens without scientific or governmental roles to fly. <a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">Christa McAuliffe</a> was chosen as the first <a href="/wiki/Teacher_in_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Teacher in Space">Teacher in Space</a> in July 1985 from 11,400 applicants. 1,700 applied for the Journalist in Space program. An Artist in Space program was considered, and NASA expected that after McAuliffe's flight two to three civilians a year would fly on the shuttle. After McAuliffe was killed in the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster"><i>Challenger</i> disaster</a> in January 1986, the programs were canceled. McAuliffe's backup, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Morgan" title="Barbara Morgan">Barbara Morgan</a>, eventually got hired in 1998 as a professional astronaut and flew on <a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Mission_specialist" title="Mission specialist">mission specialist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unl2011_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unl2011-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 84–85">: 84–85 </span></sup> A second journalist-in-space program, in which NASA green-lighted <a href="/wiki/Miles_O%27Brien_(journalist)" title="Miles O'Brien (journalist)">Miles O'Brien</a> to fly on the Space Shuttle, was scheduled to be announced in 2003. That program was canceled in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster"><i>Columbia</i> disaster</a> on <a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a> and subsequent emphasis on finishing the International Space Station before retiring the Space Shuttle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p> Initially, senior figures at NASA strongly opposed space tourism on principle; from the beginning of the ISS expeditions, NASA stated it was not interested in accommodating paying guests.<sup id="cite_ref-NoTourists_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NoTourists-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics Committee on Science of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> held in June 2001 revealed the shifting attitude of NASA towards paying space tourists wanting to travel to the ISS in its statement on the hearing's purpose: </p><blockquote><p>"Review the issues and opportunities for flying nonprofessional astronauts in space, the appropriate government role for supporting the nascent space tourism industry, use of the Shuttle and Space Station for Tourism, safety and training criteria for space tourists, and the potential commercial market for space tourism."</p></blockquote><p> The subcommittee report was interested in evaluating <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a>'s extensive training and his experience in space as a nonprofessional astronaut.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>With the realities of the post-<a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a> economy in Russia, its space industry was especially starved for cash. The <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Broadcasting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Broadcasting System">Tokyo Broadcasting System</a> (TBS) offered to pay for one of its reporters to fly on a mission. <a href="/wiki/Toyohiro_Akiyama" title="Toyohiro Akiyama">Toyohiro Akiyama</a> was flown in 1990 to <i><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></i> with the eighth crew and returned a week later with the seventh crew. Cost estimates vary from $10 million up to $37 million.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akiyama gave a daily TV broadcast from orbit and also performed scientific experiments for Russian and Japanese companies. </p><p>In 1991, British chemist <a href="/wiki/Helen_Sharman" title="Helen Sharman">Helen Sharman</a> was selected from a pool of 13,000 applicants to be the first Briton in space.<sup id="cite_ref-FirstBriton_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstBriton-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program was known as <a href="/wiki/Project_Juno" title="Project Juno">Project Juno</a> and was a cooperative arrangement between the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and a group of British companies. The Project Juno consortium failed to raise the funds required, and the program was almost canceled. Reportedly <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> ordered it to proceed under Soviet expense in the interests of international relations, but in the absence of Western underwriting, less expensive experiments were substituted for those in the original plans. Sharman flew aboard <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-12" title="Soyuz TM-12">Soyuz TM-12</a> to <i>Mir</i> and returned aboard <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-11" title="Soyuz TM-11">Soyuz TM-11</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1999, the Russian space agency announced that 51-year-old British billionaire Peter Llewellyn would be sent to the aging Mir space station in return for a payment of $100 million by Llewellyn.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Llewellyn, however, denied agreeing to pay that sum, his refusal to pay which prompted his flight's cancellation a month later.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sub-orbital_space_tourism">Sub-orbital space tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sub-orbital space tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Successful_projects">Successful projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Successful projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites" title="Scaled Composites">Scaled Composites</a> won the $10 million <a href="/wiki/Ansari_X_Prize" title="Ansari X Prize">X Prize</a> in October 2004 with <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne" title="SpaceShipOne">SpaceShipOne</a>, as the first private company to reach and surpass an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) twice within two weeks. The altitude is beyond the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kármán Line">Kármán Line</a>, the arbitrarily-defined boundary of space.<sup id="cite_ref-Xprize1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xprize1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first flight was flown by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Michael Melvill</a> in June 2004, to a height of 100 km (62 mi), making him the first commercial astronaut.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prize-winning flight was flown by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Binnie" title="Brian Binnie">Brian Binnie</a>, which reached a height of 112.0 km (69.6 mi), breaking the <a href="/wiki/X-15" class="mw-redirect" title="X-15">X-15</a> record.<sup id="cite_ref-Xprize2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xprize2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were no space tourists on the flights even though the vehicle has seats for three passengers. Instead there was additional weight to make up for the weight of passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-BritannicaTopicSpaceShipOne_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaTopicSpaceShipOne-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a> was founded as a joint venture between Scaled Composites and Richard Branson's Virgin Group.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually Virgin Group owned the entire project.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin Galactic began building <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a>-class spaceplanes. The first of these <a href="/wiki/Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">spaceplanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise" title="VSS Enterprise">VSS <i>Enterprise</i></a>, was intended to commence its first commercial flights in 2015, and tickets were on sale at a price of $200,000 (later raised to $250,000). However, the company suffered a considerable setback when <a href="/wiki/2014_Virgin_Galactic_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Virgin Galactic crash">the <i>Enterprise</i> broke up</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a> during a test flight in October 2014. Over 700 tickets had been sold prior to the accident.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second spaceplane, <a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>, completed a successful test flight with four passengers on July 11, 2021 to an altitude of nearly 90 km (56 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Galactic_01" title="Galactic 01">Galactic 01</a> became the company's first commercial spaceflight on June 29, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a> reusable suborbital launch system specifically to enable short-duration space tourism. Blue Origin plans to ferry a maximum of six persons on a brief journey to space on board the New Shepard. The capsule is attached to the top portion of an 18-meter (59-foot) rocket. The rocket successfully launched with four passengers on July 20, 2021, and reached an altitude of 107 km (66 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canceled_projects">Canceled projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canceled projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armadillo_Aerospace" title="Armadillo Aerospace">Armadillo Aerospace</a> was developing a two-seat vertical takeoff and landing (<a href="/wiki/VTOL" title="VTOL">VTOL</a>) rocket called Hyperion, which will be marketed by Space Adventures.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyperion uses a capsule similar in shape to the Gemini capsule. The vehicle will use a parachute for descent but will probably use <a href="/wiki/Retrorocket" title="Retrorocket">retrorockets</a> for final touchdown, according to remarks made by Armadillo Aerospace at the Next Generation Suborbital Researchers Conference in February 2012. The assets of Armadillo Aerospace were sold to <a href="/wiki/Exos_Aerospace" title="Exos Aerospace">Exos Aerospace</a> and while SARGE is continuing to be developed, it is unclear whether Hyperion is still being developed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCOR_Aerospace" title="XCOR Aerospace">XCOR Aerospace</a> was developing a suborbital vehicle called <a href="/wiki/Lynx_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynx (spacecraft)">Lynx</a> until development was halted in May 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lynx would take off from a runway under rocket power. Unlike SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo, Lynx would not require a mothership. Lynx was designed for rapid turnaround, which would enable it to fly up to four times per day. Because of this rapid flight rate, Lynx had fewer seats than SpaceShipTwo, carrying only one pilot and one spaceflight participant on each flight. XCOR expected to roll out the first Lynx prototype and begin flight tests in 2015, but as of late 2017, XCOR was unable to complete their prototype development and filed for bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Citizens in Space, formerly the <a href="/wiki/Teacher_in_Space_Project" title="Teacher in Space Project">Teacher in Space Project</a>, is a project of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Rocket_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Rocket Academy (page does not exist)">United States Rocket Academy</a>. Citizens in Space combines <a href="/wiki/Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">citizen science</a> with citizen space exploration. The goal is to fly citizen-science experiments and citizen explorers (who travel free) who will act as payload operators on suborbital space missions. By 2012, Citizens in Space had acquired a contract for 10 suborbital flights with XCOR Aerospace and expected to acquire additional flights from XCOR and other suborbital spaceflight providers in the future. In 2012, Citizens in Space reported they had begun training three citizen astronaut candidates and would select seven additional candidates over the next 12 to 14 months.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="This date has passed. What happened? (October 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Expedition_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Expedition Corporation (page does not exist)">Space Expedition Corporation</a> was preparing to use the Lynx for "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Expedition_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Expedition Curaçao (page does not exist)">Space Expedition Curaçao</a>", a commercial flight from <a href="/wiki/Hato_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hato Airport">Hato Airport</a> on <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, and planned to start commercial flights in 2014. The costs were $95,000 each.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe_Apollo_Space_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Axe Apollo Space Academy">Axe Apollo Space Academy</a> promotion by <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a> which planned to provide 23 people suborbital spaceflights on board the Lynx.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EADS_Astrium" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS Astrium">EADS Astrium</a>, a subsidiary of European aerospace giant <a href="/wiki/EADS" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS">EADS</a>, announced its <a href="/wiki/EADS_Astrium_Space_Tourism_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS Astrium Space Tourism Project">space tourism project</a> in June 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbital_space_tourism">Orbital space tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Orbital space tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" title="Orbital spaceflight">Orbital spaceflight</a></div> <p>As of 2021, Space Adventures and SpaceX are the only companies to have coordinated tourism flights to Earth's orbit. Virginia-based Space Adventures has worked with Russia to use its Soyuz spacecraft to fly ultra-wealthy individuals to the International Space Station. The tourists included entrepreneur and space investor <a href="/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari" title="Anousheh Ansari">Anousheh Ansari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a> co-founder <a href="/wiki/Guy_Lalibert%C3%A9" title="Guy Laliberté">Guy Laliberté</a>. Those missions were priced at around $20 million each. The space industry could soon be headed for a tourism revolution if SpaceX and Boeing make good on their plans to take tourists to orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Successful_projects_2">Successful projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Successful projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers_in_the_Zvezda_Service_Module.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers_in_the_Zvezda_Service_Module.jpg/220px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers_in_the_Zvezda_Service_Module.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers_in_the_Zvezda_Service_Module.jpg/330px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers_in_the_Zvezda_Service_Module.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers_in_the_Zvezda_Service_Module.jpg/440px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers_in_the_Zvezda_Service_Module.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="1964" /></a><figcaption>The first space tourist, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a> (left) aboard the ISS</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Shuttleworth_NASA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mark_Shuttleworth_NASA.jpg/220px-Mark_Shuttleworth_NASA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mark_Shuttleworth_NASA.jpg/330px-Mark_Shuttleworth_NASA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mark_Shuttleworth_NASA.jpg/440px-Mark_Shuttleworth_NASA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Space tourist <a href="/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth" title="Mark Shuttleworth">Mark Shuttleworth</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/MirCorp" class="mw-redirect" title="MirCorp">MirCorp</a>, a private venture that was by then in charge of the space station, began seeking potential space tourists to visit <i>Mir</i> in order to offset some of its maintenance costs. <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a>, an American businessman and former <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">JPL</a> scientist, became their first candidate. When the decision was made to de-orbit <i>Mir</i>, Tito managed to switch his trip to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS) aboard a Russian <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz spacecraft</a> through a deal between MirCorp and US-based <a href="/wiki/Space_Adventures" title="Space Adventures">Space Adventures</a>, Ltd. Dennis Tito visited the ISS for seven days in April–May 2001, becoming the world's first "fee-paying" space tourist. Tito paid a reported $20 million for his trip.<sup id="cite_ref-Tito_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tito-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tito was followed in April 2002 by South African <a href="/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth" title="Mark Shuttleworth">Mark Shuttleworth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-34" title="Soyuz TM-34">Soyuz TM-34</a>). In February 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated on re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboard. After this disaster, space tourism on the Russian <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz program">Soyuz program</a> was temporarily put on hold, because <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz spacecraft">Soyuz vehicles</a> became the only available transport to the ISS. After the Shuttle's return to service in July 2005, space tourism was resumed. The third was <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Olsen" title="Gregory Olsen">Gregory Olsen</a> in October 2005 (<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-7" title="Soyuz TMA-7">Soyuz TMA-7</a>). In September 2006, an <a href="/wiki/Iranian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian American">Iranian American</a> businesswoman named <a href="/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari" title="Anousheh Ansari">Anousheh Ansari</a> became the fourth space tourist (<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-9" title="Soyuz TMA-9">Soyuz TMA-9</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Anousheh_Ansari_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anousheh_Ansari-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) In April 2007, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Simonyi" title="Charles Simonyi">Charles Simonyi</a>, an American businessman of Hungarian descent, joined their ranks (<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-10" title="Soyuz TMA-10">Soyuz TMA-10</a>). Simonyi became the first repeat space tourist, paying again to fly on <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-14" title="Soyuz TMA-14">Soyuz TMA-14</a> in March 2009. <a href="/wiki/British-American" class="mw-redirect" title="British-American">British-American</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Garriott" title="Richard Garriott">Richard Garriott</a> became the next space tourist in October 2008 aboard <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-13" title="Soyuz TMA-13">Soyuz TMA-13</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian <a href="/wiki/Guy_Lalibert%C3%A9" title="Guy Laliberté">Guy Laliberté</a> visited the ISS in September 2009 aboard <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-16" title="Soyuz TMA-16">Soyuz TMA-16</a>, becoming the last visiting tourist until Japanese nationals <a href="/wiki/Yusaku_Maezawa" title="Yusaku Maezawa">Yusaku Maezawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yozo_Hirano" title="Yozo Hirano">Yozo Hirano</a> aboard <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-20" title="Soyuz MS-20">Soyuz MS-20</a> in December 2021. Originally the third member aboard <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-18M" title="Soyuz TMA-18M">Soyuz TMA-18M</a> would have been the British singer <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Brightman" title="Sarah Brightman">Sarah Brightman</a> as a space tourist, but on May 13, 2015, she announced she had withdrawn from training.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the Space Shuttle was retired in 2011, Soyuz once again became the only means of accessing the ISS, and so tourism was once again put on hold. On June 7, 2019, NASA announced a plan to open the ISS to space tourism again.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 16, 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Inspiration4" title="Inspiration4">Inspiration4</a> mission launched from the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> on a <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> and spent almost three days in orbit aboard the <a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Crew Dragon">Crew Dragon</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Resilience" title="Crew Dragon Resilience">Resilience</a></i>, becoming the first all-civilian crew to fly an orbital space mission.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 12, 2024, <a href="/wiki/Jared_Isaacman" title="Jared Isaacman">Jared Isaacman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gillis" title="Sarah Gillis">Sarah Gillis</a> performed the first commercial <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">spacewalk</a> during the <i><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Dawn" title="Polaris Dawn">Polaris Dawn</a></i> spaceflight operated by <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ongoing_projects">Ongoing projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ongoing projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Space" title="Axiom Space">Axiom Space</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Dragon_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon 2">Crew Dragon</a> flights contracted with <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> to send crews to the International Space Station.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheetz_2021_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheetz_2021-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ax-2_Overview_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ax-2_Overview-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_1" title="Axiom Mission 1">Mission 1</a> flew in April 2022, <a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_2" title="Axiom Mission 2">Mission 2</a> flew in May 2023 and <a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_3" title="Axiom Mission 3">Mission 3</a> flew in January 2024. A fourth mission is planned for October 2024. Through these missions, NASA hopes to create a non-NASA market for human spaceflight to enable cost-sharing on future commercial space stations.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Starliner" title="Boeing Starliner">Boeing Starliner</a> capsule is being developed as part of the NASA's <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew Program</a>. Part of the agreement with NASA allows Boeing to sell seats for space tourists. Boeing proposed including one seat per flight for a <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight_participant" title="Spaceflight participant">spaceflight participant</a> at a price that would be competitive with what Roscosmos charges tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Polaris_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Polaris Program">Polaris Program</a>: The commander and financier of the Inspiration4 mission, <a href="/wiki/Jared_Isaacman" title="Jared Isaacman">Jared Isaacman</a>, announced plans for a three-mission program called Polaris in February 2022. The first mission, <a href="/wiki/Polaris_Dawn" title="Polaris Dawn">Polaris Dawn</a>, launched four private astronauts in a <a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Crew Dragon">Crew Dragon</a> spacecraft to earth orbit. Polaris Dawn was a free-flyer mission in which the spacecraft did not perform any rendezvous maneuvers, instead setting the all-time earth orbit altitude record at 1,400 km, surpassing the 1,373 km record set by <a href="/wiki/Gemini_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini XI">Gemini XI</a>. Polaris Dawn also included the first private <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">extravehicular activity</a> (EVA). The last Polaris program mission is planned to be the first crewed flight of the in-development Starship launch system.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canceled_projects_2">Canceled projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canceled projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a> established a competition called <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Space_Prize" title="America's Space Prize">America's Space Prize</a>, which offered a $50 million prize to the first US company to create a reusable spacecraft capable of carrying passengers to a Nautilus space station. The prize expired in January 2010 without anyone making a serious effort to win it.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Space Island Group proposed having 20,000 people on their "space island" by 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A United States startup firm, Orion Span announced during the early part of 2018 that it planned to launch and position a luxury space hotel in orbit within several years.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Space_Station" title="Aurora Space Station">Aurora Space Station</a>, the name of the hotel, would have offered guests (at most six individuals) 12 days of staying in a pill-shaped space hotel for $9.5 million. The hotel's cabins would have measured approximately 12.9 metres (43 feet) by 4.8 metres (14 feet) in width.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Adventures_Crew_Dragon_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Adventures Crew Dragon mission">Space Adventures Crew Dragon mission</a>: <a href="/wiki/Space_Adventures" title="Space Adventures">Space Adventures</a> and <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> planned to send up to four tourists to low Earth orbit for a few days in late 2021 or early 2022. In October 2021, Space Adventures stated that the mission contract had expired, though the possibility of a future partnership with SpaceX was left open.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Suite_Design" title="Galactic Suite Design">Galactic Suite Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Technologies_Commercial_Space_Station" title="Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station">Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Industries_Incorporated" title="Space Industries Incorporated">Space Industries Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Islands">Space Islands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism_beyond_Earth_orbit">Tourism beyond Earth orbit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tourism beyond Earth orbit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_on_the_Moon" title="Tourism on the Moon">Tourism on the Moon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpaceX_Mars_tourism_poster_for_Phobos_and_Deimos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/SpaceX_Mars_tourism_poster_for_Phobos_and_Deimos.jpg/220px-SpaceX_Mars_tourism_poster_for_Phobos_and_Deimos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/SpaceX_Mars_tourism_poster_for_Phobos_and_Deimos.jpg/330px-SpaceX_Mars_tourism_poster_for_Phobos_and_Deimos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/SpaceX_Mars_tourism_poster_for_Phobos_and_Deimos.jpg/440px-SpaceX_Mars_tourism_poster_for_Phobos_and_Deimos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="10800" /></a><figcaption>Artist conception of a Mars tourism poster, made by <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ongoing_projects_2">Ongoing projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ongoing projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A mission with a similar flight profile is planned to have the same flight profile as the now cancelled Dearmoon project, with <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a> and his wife Akiko Tito as two of the passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Adventures" title="Space Adventures">Space Adventures</a> Ltd. have announced that they are working on <a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a>, a circumlunar mission to the Moon, with the price per passenger being $100,000,000.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancelled_projects">Cancelled projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cancelled projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur_Almaz" title="Excalibur Almaz">Excalibur Almaz</a> proposed to take three tourists in a flyby around the Moon, using modified <a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> space station modules, in a low-energy trajectory flyby around the Moon. The trip would last around 6 months.<sup id="cite_ref-economist1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economist1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, their equipment was never launched and is to be converted into an educational exhibit.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Spike_Company" title="Golden Spike Company">Golden Spike Company</a> was an American <a href="/wiki/Space_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Space transport">space transport</a> startup active from 2010 to 2013. The company held the objective to offer private commercial space transportation services to the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar landing">surface of the Moon</a>. The company's website was quietly taken offline in September 2015.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars Foundation</a> is an American nonprofit organization founded by <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a> that proposed to launch a crewed mission to <a href="/wiki/Planetary_flyby" title="Planetary flyby">flyby</a> <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> in January 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-Borenstein_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borenstein-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boucher_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boucher-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sonnenberg_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sonnenberg-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 2021 if they missed the first deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-parabolicarc.com_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parabolicarc.com-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their website became defunct by late 2015 but it is archived by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Foundation's future plans are unclear.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a> planned to extend their successes with the <i>Genesis</i> modules by launching the <a href="/wiki/B330" title="B330">B330</a>, an expandable habitation module with 330 cubic meters of internal space, aboard a <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulcan (rocket)">Vulcan rocket</a>. The Vulcan was contracted to boost BA 330 to low lunar orbit by the end of 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In February 2017, <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> announced that substantial deposits from two individuals had been received by <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> for a Moon loop flight using a <a href="/wiki/Free_return_trajectory" class="mw-redirect" title="Free return trajectory">free return trajectory</a> and that this could happen as soon as late 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Musk said that the cost of the mission would be "comparable" to that of sending an astronaut to the International Space Station, about US$70 million in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2018, Musk announced that the Falcon Heavy rocket would not be used for crewed missions.<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceNews_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceNews-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsj.com_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj.com-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposal changed in 2018 to use the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a> launch system instead.<sup id="cite_ref-grush_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grush-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SpaceNews_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceNews-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsj.com_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj.com-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2018, Musk revealed the passenger for the trip, <a href="/wiki/Yusaku_Maezawa" title="Yusaku Maezawa">Yusaku Maezawa</a> during a livestream. Yusaku Maezawa described the plan for his trip in further detail, dubbed the #<a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">dearMoon project</a>, intended to take 6–8 artists with him on the journey to inspire the artists to create new art.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legality">Legality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty</a> signed in 1967, the launch operator's nationality and the launch site's location determine which country is responsible for any damages occurred from a launch.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After valuable resources were detected on the Moon, private companies began to formulate methods to extract the resources. Article II of the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty</a> dictates that "outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, countries have the right to freely explore the Moon and any resources collected are property of that country when they return. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2005, the US government released a set of proposed rules for space tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These included screening procedures and training for emergency situations, but not health requirements.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1984, the U.S. Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Space_Launch_Act_of_1984" title="Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984">Commercial Space Launch Act</a>, which, among other things, encourages space commercialization (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=%2Fprelim%40title51&req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title51&f=&fq=&num=0&hl=false&edition=prelim">51 U.S.C. § 20102(c)</a>). </p><p>Under current US law, any company proposing to launch paying passengers from American soil on a suborbital rocket must receive a license from the Federal Aviation Administration's <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Commercial_Space_Transportation" title="Office of Commercial Space Transportation">Office of Commercial Space Transportation</a> (FAA/AST). The licensing process focuses on public safety and safety of property, and the details can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14, Chapter III.<sup id="cite_ref-FAAReg_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAAReg-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is in accordance with the Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act passed by Congress in 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceTourismCongress_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceTourismCongress-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which required that NASA and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> to allow paying passengers fly on suborbital launch vehicles at their own risk.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2010, the New Mexico legislature passed the Spaceflight Informed Consent Act. The SICA gives legal protection to companies who provide private space flights in the case of accidental harm or death to individuals. Participants sign an Informed Consent waiver, dictating that spaceflight operators cannot be held liable in the "death of a participant resulting from the inherent risks of space flight activities". Operators are however not covered in the case of gross negligence or willful misconduct.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2021, the FAA announced that starting in 2022, it would recognize on its official website those who travel to space.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Any individual who is on an FAA-licensed or permitted launch and reaches 50 statute miles above the surface of the Earth will be listed on the site."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The announcement ended the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_astronaut" title="Commercial astronaut">Commercial Space Astronaut Wings</a> program, under which the FAA had offered commercial astronaut wings to individuals on private spacecraft who made it above 50 miles (80 kilometers) in altitude above Earth since 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_issues_and_challenges">Legal issues and challenges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legal issues and challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the increasing advent of sub-orbital flights, there are growing concerns that the present international framework is insufficient to address the significant issues raised by space tourism. The concerns relate to commercial Liability, insurance, consumer protection, passenger safety, environmental impact, and emergency response.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_space_tourism_trips">List of space tourism trips</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: List of space tourism trips"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following list notes each trip taken by an individual for whom a fee was paid (by themselves or another party) to go above the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kármán Line">Kármán Line</a>, the internationally recognized boundary of space at 100 km, or above the US definition of the boundary of space at 50 miles (80 km). It also includes future trips which are paid for and scheduled. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable),.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi:not(.wikitable){background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>*,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi:not(.wikitable)>thead,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.wikitable,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;border-width:0 1px 1px 0}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.wikitable td,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.wikitable th,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable td,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable th{border-width:1px 0 0 1px}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header.wikitable,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{border-bottom-width:0.2em;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-left-width:1px}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable>thead>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable>caption+tbody>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable>thead>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable>caption+tbody>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable .sortbottom::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable .sortbottom::before{border-top-width:1px}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable .sortbottom~.sortbottom::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable .sortbottom~.sortbottom::before{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header.static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody>tr:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.static-row-numbers.wikitable>tbody>tr:not(.static-row-header)::before{border-bottom-width:0!important;border-right-width:0!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .content-table-scrollbar,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .overflowed,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .overflowed .content-table{overflow:visible}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .scroll-right.overflowed .content-table-right{box-shadow:none;border-left:none}}@media screen and (min-width:1120px){body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{top:3.125rem}}@media screen and (min-width:851px){body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{top:3.51em}}@media screen and (max-width:639px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-vector-legacy .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-vector-legacy .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>caption{display:table-caption}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders sticky-header"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Flight up<br />(craft) </th> <th scope="col">Flight down<br />(craft) </th> <th scope="col">Duration </th> <th scope="col">Mission </th> <th scope="col">Tourist(s) </th> <th scope="col">Destination </th> <th scope="col">Fee paid </th> <th scope="col">Tour company </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2001 4 28 !">April 28, 2001<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-32" title="Soyuz TM-32">Soyuz TM-32</a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2001 5 6 !">May 6, 2001<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-31" title="Soyuz TM-31">Soyuz TM-31</a>)</span> </td> <td>8 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISS_EP-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISS EP-1">ISS EP-1</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$20</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>million </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Space_Adventures" title="Space Adventures">Space Adventures</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Tito_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tito-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2002 4 25 !">April 25, 2002<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-34" title="Soyuz TM-34">Soyuz TM-34</a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2002 5 5 !">May 5, 2002<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-33" title="Soyuz TM-33">Soyuz TM-33</a>)</span> </td> <td>10 days </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS_EP-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS EP-2 (page does not exist)">ISS EP-2</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth" title="Mark Shuttleworth">Mark Shuttleworth</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$20</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>million </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2005 8 1 !">October 1, 2005<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-7" title="Soyuz TMA-7">Soyuz TMA-7</a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2005 8 10 !">October 10, 2005<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-6" title="Soyuz TMA-6">Soyuz TMA-6</a>)</span> </td> <td>10 days </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS_EP-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS EP-3 (page does not exist)">ISS EP-3</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Olsen" title="Gregory Olsen">Gregory Olsen</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$20</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>million </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2006 9 20 !">September 20, 2006<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-9" title="Soyuz TMA-9">Soyuz TMA-9</a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2006 9 29 !">September 29, 2006<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-8" title="Soyuz TMA-8">Soyuz TMA-8</a>)</span> </td> <td>10 days </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS_EP-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS EP-4 (page does not exist)">ISS EP-4</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari" title="Anousheh Ansari">Anousheh Ansari</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$20</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>million </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2007 4 7 !">April 7, 2007<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-10" title="Soyuz TMA-10">Soyuz TMA-10</a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2007 4 21 !">April 21, 2007<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-9" title="Soyuz TMA-9">Soyuz TMA-9</a>)</span> </td> <td>10 days </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS_EP-12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS EP-12 (page does not exist)">ISS EP-12</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Simonyi" title="Charles Simonyi">Charles Simonyi</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$25</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>million </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2008 10 12 !">October 12, 2008<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-13" title="Soyuz TMA-13">Soyuz TMA-13</a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2008 10 24 !">October 24, 2008<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-12" title="Soyuz TMA-12">Soyuz TMA-12</a>)</span> </td> <td>13 days </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS_EP-13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS EP-13 (page does not exist)">ISS EP-13</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Garriott" title="Richard Garriott">Richard Garriott</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$30</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>million </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Chron_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chron-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2009 3 26 !">March 26, 2009<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-14" title="Soyuz TMA-14">Soyuz TMA-14</a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2009 4 8 !">April 8, 2009<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-13" title="Soyuz TMA-13">Soyuz TMA-13</a>)</span> </td> <td>14 days </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS_EP-14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS EP-14 (page does not exist)">ISS EP-14</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Simonyi" title="Charles Simonyi">Charles Simonyi</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$35</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>million </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2009 9 30 !">September 30, 2009<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-16" title="Soyuz TMA-16">Soyuz TMA-16</a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2009 10 11 !">October 11, 2009<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-14" title="Soyuz TMA-14">Soyuz TMA-14</a>)</span> </td> <td>12 days </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS_EP-15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS EP-15 (page does not exist)">ISS EP-15</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guy_Lalibert%C3%A9" title="Guy Laliberté">Guy Laliberté</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$35</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>million </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-canada_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2021 7 20 !">July 20, 2021<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2021 7 20 !">July 20, 2021<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>10 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-16" title="Blue Origin NS-16">NS-16</a> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Bezos" title="Mark Bezos">Mark Bezos</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Daemen" title="Oliver Daemen">Oliver Daemen</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wally_Funk" title="Wally Funk">Wally Funk</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a>) </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-VOI_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOI-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2021 9 16 !">September 16, 2021<br />(<a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Resilience" title="Crew Dragon Resilience">Crew Dragon <i>Resilience</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2021 9 19 !">September 19, 2021 <br />(<a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Resilience" title="Crew Dragon Resilience">Crew Dragon <i>Resilience</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>3 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inspiration4" title="Inspiration4">Inspiration4</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jared_Isaacman" title="Jared Isaacman">Jared Isaacman</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sian_Proctor" title="Sian Proctor">Sian Proctor</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Arceneaux" title="Hayley Arceneaux">Hayley Arceneaux</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sembroski" title="Christopher Sembroski">Christopher Sembroski</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth Orbit">Low Earth Orbit</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-ArsTechFEB21_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArsTechFEB21-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2021 10 13 !">October 13, 2021<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2021 10 13 !">October 13, 2021<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>10 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-18" title="Blue Origin NS-18">NS-18</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Planet_Labs" title="Planet Labs">Chris Boshuizen</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Powers" title="Audrey Powers">Audrey Powers</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glen_de_Vries" title="Glen de Vries">Glen de Vries</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a>) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2021 12 8 !">December 8, 2021<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-20" title="Soyuz MS-20">Soyuz MS-20</a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2021 12 20 !">December 20, 2021<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-20" title="Soyuz MS-20">Soyuz MS-20</a>)</span> </td> <td>12 days </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS_EP-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS EP-20 (page does not exist)">ISS EP-20</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yusaku_Maezawa" title="Yusaku Maezawa">Yusaku Maezawa</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yozo_Hirano" title="Yozo Hirano">Yozo Hirano</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_Adventures" title="Space Adventures">Space Adventures</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsf-soyuz-ms-20-landing_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-soyuz-ms-20-landing-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2021 12 11 !">December 11, 2021<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2021 12 11 !">December 11, 2021<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>10 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-19" title="Blue Origin NS-19">NS-19</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lane_Bess" title="Lane Bess">Lane Bess</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Cameron Bess</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Evan Dick</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Laura Shepard Churchley</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Strahan" title="Michael Strahan">Michael Strahan</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Taylor_(executive)" title="Dylan Taylor (executive)">Dylan Taylor</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a>) </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-nsf-bo-ns-19_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsf-bo-ns-19-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2022 3 31 !">March 31, 2022<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2022 3 31 !">March 31, 2022<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>10 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-20" title="Blue Origin NS-20">NS-20</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Marty Allen</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Sharon Hagle</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Marc Hagle</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Kitchen" title="Jim Kitchen">Jim Kitchen</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> George Nield</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Lai" title="Gary Lai">Gary Lai</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2022 4 8 !">April 8, 2022 <br />(<a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Endeavour" title="Crew Dragon Endeavour">Crew Dragon <i>Endeavour</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2022 4 25 !">April 25, 2022 <br />(<a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Endeavour" title="Crew Dragon Endeavour">Crew Dragon <i>Endeavour</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>17 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_1" title="Axiom Mission 1">Ax-1</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eytan_Stibbe" title="Eytan Stibbe">Eytan Stibbe</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Larry_Connor" title="Larry Connor">Larry Connor</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Pathy" title="Mark Pathy">Mark Pathy</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$55</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>million each </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Space" title="Axiom Space">Axiom Space</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ArsTechFEB21_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArsTechFEB21-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-collectspaceAx1_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collectspaceAx1-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20220202_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20220202-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2022 6 4 !">June 4, 2022<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2022 6 4 !">June 4, 2022<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>10 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-21" title="Blue Origin NS-21">NS-21</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Evan Dick</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Katya_Echazarreta" title="Katya Echazarreta">Katya Echazarreta</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Harding" title="Hamish Harding">Hamish Harding</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> Victor Correa Hespanha</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Jaison Robinson</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Vescovo" title="Victor Vescovo">Victor Vescovo</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a>) </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2022 8 4 !">August 4, 2022<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2022 8 4 !">August 4, 2022<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>10 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-22" title="Blue Origin NS-22">NS-22</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Coby_Cotton" class="mw-redirect" title="Coby Cotton">Coby Cotton</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Ferreira" title="Mário Ferreira">Mário Ferreira</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_O%27Brien" title="Vanessa O'Brien">Vanessa O'Brien</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Clint Kelly III</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Sara Sabry</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Steve Young</li></ul></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2023 5 21 !">May 21, 2023 <br />(<a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Freedom" title="Crew Dragon Freedom">Crew Dragon <i>Freedom</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2023 5 31 !">May 31, 2023 <br />(<a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Freedom" title="Crew Dragon Freedom">Crew Dragon <i>Freedom</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>10 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_2" title="Axiom Mission 2">Ax-2</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Shoffner" title="John Shoffner">John Shoffner</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Space" title="Axiom Space">Axiom Space</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2023 8 10 !">August 10, 2023<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2023 8 10 !">August 10, 2023<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>15 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_02" title="Galactic 02">Galactic 02</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Goodwin_(canoeist)" title="Jon Goodwin (canoeist)">Jon Goodwin</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Keisha_Schahaff" class="mw-redirect" title="Keisha Schahaff">Keisha Schahaff</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anastatia_Mayers" class="mw-redirect" title="Anastatia Mayers">Anastatia Mayers</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(~90 km) </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2023 9 8 !">September 8, 2023<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2023 9 8 !">September 8, 2023<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>15 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_03" title="Galactic 03">Galactic 03</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timothy_Nash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timothy Nash (page does not exist)">Timothy Nash</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Reynard" title="Adrian Reynard">Adrian Reynard</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ken_Baxter_(businessman)" title="Ken Baxter (businessman)">Ken Baxter</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(~90 km) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2023 10 6 !">October 6, 2023<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2023 10 6 !">October 6, 2023<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>15 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_04" title="Galactic 04">Galactic 04</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Namira_Salim" title="Namira Salim">Namira Salim</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Beattie" title="Trevor Beattie">Trevor Beattie</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Ron Rosano</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(~90 km) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2023 11 2 !">November 2, 2023<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2023 11 2 !">November 2, 2023<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>15 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_05" title="Galactic 05">Galactic 05</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketty_Maisonrouge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketty Maisonrouge (page does not exist)">Ketty Maisonrouge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(~87.2 km) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2024 1 26 !">January 26, 2023<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2024 1 26 !">January 26, 2023<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>15 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_06" title="Galactic 06">Galactic 06</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Lina Borozdina<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Robie Vaughn<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Franz Haider<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Neil Kornswiet </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(~88.8 km) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2024 5 19 !">May 19, 2024<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2024 5 19 !">May 19, 2024<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>9 minutes, 53 seconds </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-25" title="Blue Origin NS-25">NS-25</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Mason Angel<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Sylvain Chiron<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Dwight" title="Ed Dwight">Ed Dwight</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Carol Schaller<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Hess" title="Kenneth Hess">Kenneth Hess</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Thotakura Gopichand </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a>) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2024 6 8 !">June 8, 2024<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2024 6 8 !">June 8, 2024<br />(<a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS <i>Unity</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>15 minutes </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_07" title="Galactic 07">Galactic 07</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tuva_Cihangir_Atasever" title="Tuva Cihangir Atasever">Tuva Cihangir Atasever</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> Giorgio Manenti<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Irving Pergament<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Andy Sadhwani </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(~87.5 km) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2024 8 29 !">August 29, 2024<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2024 8 29 !">August 29, 2024<br />(<a href="/wiki/RSS_First_Step" title="RSS First Step">RSS <i>First Step</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>10 minutes, 8 seconds </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-26" title="Blue Origin NS-26">NS-26</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Nicolina Elrick<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Karsen Kitchen<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Rob Ferl<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Eugene Grin<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Eiman Jahangir<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Ephraim Rabin </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a>) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="2024 9 10 !">September 16, 2024<br />(<a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Resilience" title="Crew Dragon Resilience">Crew Dragon <i>Resilience</i></a>)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="2024 9 !">September, 2024 <br />(<a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Resilience" title="Crew Dragon Resilience">Crew Dragon <i>Resilience</i></a>)</span> </td> <td>5 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Dawn" title="Polaris Dawn">Polaris Dawn</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jared_Isaacman" title="Jared Isaacman">Jared Isaacman</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Poteet" title="Scott Poteet">Scott Poteet</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gillis" title="Sarah Gillis">Sarah Gillis</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anna_Menon" title="Anna Menon">Anna Menon</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth Orbit">Low Earth Orbit</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_of_the_term_space_tourist">Criticism of the term <i>space tourist</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Criticism of the term space tourist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many private space travelers have objected to the term <i>space tourist</i>, often pointing out that their role went beyond that of an observer, since they also carried out scientific experiments in the course of their journey. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Garriott" title="Richard Garriott">Richard Garriott</a> additionally emphasized that his training was identical to the requirements of non-Russian Soyuz crew members, and that teachers and other non-professional astronauts chosen to fly with NASA are called astronauts. He has said that if the distinction has to be made, he would rather be called "private astronaut" than "tourist".<sup id="cite_ref-Garriott_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garriott-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth" title="Mark Shuttleworth">Mark Shuttleworth</a> described himself as a "pioneer of commercial space travel".<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Olsen" title="Gregory Olsen">Gregory Olsen</a> prefers "private researcher",<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari" title="Anousheh Ansari">Anousheh Ansari</a> prefers the term "private space explorer". Other advocates of private spaceflight object to the term on similar grounds. <a href="/wiki/Rick_Tumlinson" title="Rick Tumlinson">Rick Tumlinson</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Frontier_Foundation" title="Space Frontier Foundation">Space Frontier Foundation</a>, for example, has said: "I hate the word tourist, and I always will ... 'Tourist' is somebody in a flowered shirt with three cameras around his neck."<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian cosmonaut <a href="/wiki/Maksim_Surayev" title="Maksim Surayev">Maksim Surayev</a> told the press in 2009 not to describe <a href="/wiki/Guy_Lalibert%C3%A9" title="Guy Laliberté">Guy Laliberté</a> as a tourist: "It's become fashionable to speak of space tourists. He is not a tourist but a participant in the mission."<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Spaceflight_participant" title="Spaceflight participant">Spaceflight participant</a>" is the official term used by NASA and the Russian Federal Space Agency to distinguish between private space travelers and career astronauts. Tito, Shuttleworth, Olsen, Ansari, and Simonyi were designated as such during their respective space flights. NASA also lists <a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">Christa McAuliffe</a> as a spaceflight participant (although she did not pay a fee), apparently due to her non-technical duties aboard the <a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a> flight. </p><p>The US Federal Aviation Administration awards the title of "<a href="/wiki/Commercial_astronaut" title="Commercial astronaut">commercial astronaut</a>" to trained crew members of privately funded spacecraft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attitudes_towards_space_tourism">Attitudes towards space tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Attitudes towards space tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2018 survey from the PEW Research Center identifies the top three motivations for a customer to purchase a flight into space as:<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>To experience something unique ( e.g. pioneering, one of a kind)</li> <li>To see the view of Earth from space</li> <li>To learn more about the world</li></ul> <p>The PEW study also found that only 43% of Americans would be definitely or probably interested in going into space. NASA astronaut <a href="/wiki/K._Megan_McArthur" title="K. Megan McArthur">Megan McArthur</a> has a message to space tourists: spaceflight is uncomfortable and risky, and takes grit.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A web-based survey suggested that over 70% of those surveyed wanted less than or equal to 2 weeks in space; in addition, 88% wanted to spacewalk, of whom 14% would pay a 50% premium for the experience, and 21% wanted a hotel or space station.<sup id="cite_ref-Space.comSurvey_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Space.comSurvey-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept has met with some criticism; <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Verheugen" title="Günter Verheugen">Günter Verheugen</a>, vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, said of the EADS Astrium Space Tourism Project: "It's only for the super-rich, which is against my social convictions".<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 14, 2021, <a href="/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince William, Duke of Cambridge">Prince William</a> suggested that entrepreneurs should focus on saving <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> rather than engaging in space tourism and also warned about a rise in "<a href="/wiki/Climate_anxiety" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate anxiety">climate anxiety</a>" among younger generations.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_effects">Environmental effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Environmental effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modelled_influence_of_a_decade_of_contemporary_rocket_launch_and_re-entry_heating_emissions_on_stratospheric_chemical_composition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Modelled_influence_of_a_decade_of_contemporary_rocket_launch_and_re-entry_heating_emissions_on_stratospheric_chemical_composition.jpg/220px-Modelled_influence_of_a_decade_of_contemporary_rocket_launch_and_re-entry_heating_emissions_on_stratospheric_chemical_composition.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Modelled_influence_of_a_decade_of_contemporary_rocket_launch_and_re-entry_heating_emissions_on_stratospheric_chemical_composition.jpg/330px-Modelled_influence_of_a_decade_of_contemporary_rocket_launch_and_re-entry_heating_emissions_on_stratospheric_chemical_composition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Modelled_influence_of_a_decade_of_contemporary_rocket_launch_and_re-entry_heating_emissions_on_stratospheric_chemical_composition.jpg/440px-Modelled_influence_of_a_decade_of_contemporary_rocket_launch_and_re-entry_heating_emissions_on_stratospheric_chemical_composition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="2005" /></a><figcaption>Influence of a decade of contemporary rocket launch and re-entry heating emissions on stratospheric chemical composition<sup id="cite_ref-10.1029/2021EF002612_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1029/2021EF002612-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A 2010 study published in <i><a href="/wiki/Geophysical_Research_Letters" title="Geophysical Research Letters">Geophysical Research Letters</a></i> raised concerns that the growing commercial spaceflight industry could accelerate global warming. The study, funded by NASA and The Aerospace Corporation, simulated the impact of 1,000 suborbital launches of <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid rocket">hybrid rockets</a> from a single location, calculating that this would release a total of 600 tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Black_carbon" title="Black carbon">black carbon</a> into the stratosphere. They found that the resultant layer of soot particles remained relatively localized, with only 20% of the carbon straying into the southern hemisphere, thus creating a strong hemispherical asymmetry.<sup id="cite_ref-GRL_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRL-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This unbalance would cause the temperature to decrease by about 0.4 °C (0.72 °F) in the tropics and subtropics, whereas the temperature at the poles would increase by between 0.2 and 1 °C (0.36 and 1.80 °F). The ozone layer would also be affected, with the tropics losing up to 1.7% of ozone cover, and the polar regions gaining 5–6%.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The researchers stressed that these results should not be taken as "a precise forecast of the climate response to a specific launch rate of a specific rocket type", but as a demonstration of the sensitivity of the atmosphere to the large-scale disruption that commercial space tourism could bring.<sup id="cite_ref-GRL_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRL-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2022 study estimated the <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> impacts on climate change and the ozone layer from rocket launches and re-entry of reusable components and <a href="/wiki/Space_debris" title="Space debris">debris</a> in 2019 and from a theoretical future <a href="/wiki/Space_industry" title="Space industry">space industry</a> extrapolated from the "<a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">billionaire space race</a>". It concludes that substantial effects from routine space tourism should "motivate <a href="/wiki/Space_law" title="Space law">regulation</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1029/2021EF002612_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1029/2021EF002612-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_advocacy">Education and advocacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education and advocacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several organizations have been formed to promote the space tourism industry, including the Space Tourism Society, Space Future, and HobbySpace. <i>UniGalactic Space Travel Magazine</i> is a bi-monthly educational publication covering space tourism and space exploration developments in companies like SpaceX, Orbital Sciences, Virgin Galactic and organizations like NASA. </p><p>Classes in space tourism are currently taught at the <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Institute_of_Technology" title="Rochester Institute of Technology">Rochester Institute of Technology</a> in New York,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Keio_University" title="Keio University">Keio University</a> in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Embry%E2%80%93Riddle_Aeronautical_University" title="Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University">Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University</a> in Florida launched a worldwide space tourism course in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_potential">Economic potential</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Economic potential"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2010 report from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a>, titled "The Economic Impact of Commercial Space Transportation on the U.S. Economy in 2009", cites studies done by Futron, an aerospace and technology-consulting firm, which predict that space tourism could become a billion-dollar market within 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eight tourists reached orbit between 2001 and 2009. In 2011 Space Adventures suggested that this number could reach 140 by 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but with commercial crewed rockets only just beginning to enter service, such numbers have yet to be achieved. </p><p>According to a 2022 report by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchandmarkets.com/report/space-tourism">Research and Markets</a>, titled "Global Space Tourism Market," the global space tourism industry is projected to reach 8.67 billion USD by 2030, with an estimated <a href="/wiki/Compound_annual_growth_rate" title="Compound annual growth rate">compound annual growth rate</a> (CAGR) of 37.1% between 2022 and 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercialization_of_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercialization of space">Commercialization of space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_spaceflight_on_the_human_body" title="Effect of spaceflight on the human body">Effect of spaceflight on the human body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">Private spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_flight_participant" class="mw-redirect" title="Space flight participant">Space flight participant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_astronaut" title="Commercial astronaut">Commercial astronaut</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVon_der_Dunk2011" class="citation journal cs1">Von der Dunk, F. G. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=spacelaw">"Space tourism, private spaceflight and the law: Key aspects"</a>. <i>Space Policy</i>. <b>27</b> (3): 146–152. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SpPol..27..146V">2011SpPol..27..146V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.spacepol.2011.04.015">10.1016/j.spacepol.2011.04.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0265-9646">0265-9646</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126045427/https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=spacelaw">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space+Policy&rft.atitle=Space+tourism%2C+private+spaceflight+and+the+law%3A+Key+aspects&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=146-152&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0265-9646&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.spacepol.2011.04.015&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011SpPol..27..146V&rft.aulast=Von+der+Dunk&rft.aufirst=F.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1059%26context%3Dspacelaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaharaj_Vijay_ReddyMirela_NicaKeith_Wilkes2012" class="citation cs2">Maharaj Vijay Reddy; Mirela Nica; Keith Wilkes (October 2012), "Space tourism: Research recommendations for the future of the industry and perspectives of potential participants", <i>Tourism Management</i>, <b>33</b> (5): 1093–1102, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tourman.2011.11.026">10.1016/j.tourman.2011.11.026</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tourism+Management&rft.atitle=Space+tourism%3A+Research+recommendations+for+the+future+of+the+industry+and+perspectives+of+potential+participants&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1093-1102&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tourman.2011.11.026&rft.au=Maharaj+Vijay+Reddy&rft.au=Mirela+Nica&rft.au=Keith+Wilkes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-belfiore2007-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-belfiore2007_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelfiore2007" class="citation book cs1">Belfiore, Michael (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rocketeershowvis00belf/page/"><i>Rocketeers: how a visionary band of business leaders, engineers, and pilots is boldly privatizing space</i></a></span>. New York: Smithsonian Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/rocketeershowvis00belf/page/">[1]</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-114903-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-114903-0"><bdi>978-0-06-114903-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rocketeers%3A+how+a+visionary+band+of+business+leaders%2C+engineers%2C+and+pilots+is+boldly+privatizing+space&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frocketeershowvis00belf%2Fpage%2F+&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-114903-0&rft.aulast=Belfiore&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frocketeershowvis00belf%2Fpage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nomorespacetourism-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nomorespacetourism_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6223VF20100303">"Russia halts space tours as U.S. retires Shuttle"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. March 3, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430170837/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/03/03/us-space-russia-idUSTRE6223VF20100303">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russia+halts+space+tours+as+U.S.+retires+Shuttle&rft.date=2010-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSTRE6223VF20100303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-interfaxtourism-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-interfaxtourism_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interfax.ru/society/news.asp?id=128393">"Russia will restore space tourism since 2012"</a> (in Russian). Interfax. March 18, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728085819/http://interfax.ru/society/news.asp?id=128393">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+will+restore+space+tourism+since+2012&rft.date=2010-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finterfax.ru%2Fsociety%2Fnews.asp%3Fid%3D128393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spaceadventures.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spaceadventures.com_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citizensinspace.org/citizen-exploration/">"Citizen Exploration"</a>. <i>Citizens in Space</i>. February 1, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308051822/http://www.citizensinspace.org/citizen-exploration/">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Citizens+in+Space&rft.atitle=Citizen+Exploration&rft.date=2012-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizensinspace.org%2Fcitizen-exploration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsf-soyuz-ms-20-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsf-soyuz-ms-20_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/soyuz-ms-20-tourist-launch/">"Soyuz MS-20 space tourism flight docks with ISS"</a>. <i>NASASpaceflight.com</i>. December 7, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211208032026/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/soyuz-ms-20-tourist-launch/">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASASpaceflight.com&rft.atitle=Soyuz+MS-20+space+tourism+flight+docks+with+ISS&rft.date=2021-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2021%2F12%2Fsoyuz-ms-20-tourist-launch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-$35ktogototheISS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-$35ktogototheISS_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.com/news/amp/world-us-canada-48560874">"NASA to open International Space Station to tourists"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. June 7, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608050347/https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/world-us-canada-48560874">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=NASA+to+open+International+Space+Station+to+tourists&rft.date=2019-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbc.com%2Fnews%2Famp%2Fworld-us-canada-48560874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-$50mridetotheISS-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-$50mridetotheISS_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/06/22/nasa-commercial-marketing-space/">"Yes, NASA would be happy to have you aboard the space station. But it'll cost some $50 million"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. June 22, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201180805/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/06/22/nasa-commercial-marketing-space/">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Yes%2C+NASA+would+be+happy+to+have+you+aboard+the+space+station.+But+it%27ll+cost+some+%2450+million.&rft.date=2020-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2020%2F06%2F22%2Fnasa-commercial-marketing-space%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teslarati_moonflight-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-teslarati_moonflight_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Ralph2018" class="citation news cs1">Eric Ralph (September 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-private-passenger-bfr-moon-mission/">"SpaceX has signed a private passenger for the first BFR launch around the Moon"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914132048/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-private-passenger-bfr-moon-mission/">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SpaceX+has+signed+a+private+passenger+for+the+first+BFR+launch+around+the+Moon&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft.au=Eric+Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teslarati.com%2Fspacex-private-passenger-bfr-moon-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grush-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grush_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grush_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrush2018" class="citation web cs1">Grush, Loren (September 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/13/17857872/spacex-moon-trip-passenger-announcement-bfr">"SpaceX says it will send someone around the Moon on its future monster rocket"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914032806/https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/13/17857872/spacex-moon-trip-passenger-announcement-bfr">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=SpaceX+says+it+will+send+someone+around+the+Moon+on+its+future+monster+rocket&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft.aulast=Grush&rft.aufirst=Loren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2018%2F9%2F13%2F17857872%2Fspacex-moon-trip-passenger-announcement-bfr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonini" class="citation web cs1">Bonini, Gherardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/532918?item=ESA.B.09-04.02">"Relations between ESA and Russia (ESA.B-04.02.02)"</a>. <i>archives.eui.eu</i>. European Union (Historical Archives). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412095712/https://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/532918?item=ESA.B.09-04.02">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.eui.eu&rft.atitle=Relations+between+ESA+and+Russia+%28ESA.B-04.02.02%29&rft.aulast=Bonini&rft.aufirst=Gherardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.eui.eu%2Fen%2Ffonds%2F532918%3Fitem%3DESA.B.09-04.02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070919000449/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lichtenberg-bk.html">"Biographical Data: Byron K. Lichtenberg, SC. D."</a> <i>NASA</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lichtenberg-bk.html">the original</a> on September 19, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Biographical+Data%3A+Byron+K.+Lichtenberg%2C+SC.+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jsc.nasa.gov%2FBios%2Fhtmlbios%2Flichtenberg-bk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/Ulf_Merbold">"Astronauts: Ulf Merbold"</a>. <i>European Space Agency</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430173344/http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/Ulf_Merbold">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Space+Agency&rft.atitle=Astronauts%3A+Ulf+Merbold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esa.int%2FOur_Activities%2FHuman_Spaceflight%2FAstronauts%2FUlf_Merbold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unl2011-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unl2011_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unl2011_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubbsPaat-DahlstromWalker2011" class="citation book cs1">Dubbs, Chris; Paat-Dahlstrom, Emeline; Walker, Charles D. (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/realizingtomorro0000dubb"><i>Realizing Tomorrow: The Path to Private Spaceflight</i></a></span>. University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1610-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1610-5"><bdi>978-0-8032-1610-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Realizing+Tomorrow%3A+The+Path+to+Private+Spaceflight&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-1610-5&rft.aulast=Dubbs&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Paat-Dahlstrom%2C+Emeline&rft.au=Walker%2C+Charles+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frealizingtomorro0000dubb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l5198504-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l5198504_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCitron1985" class="citation conference cs1">Citron, Robert (April 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacefuture.com/archive/the_space_tourist.shtml">"Space Tourism Could Drive Space Development"</a>. <i>The Space Tourist</i>. Fourth Annual L5 Space Development Conference, National Space Society. Washington DC: American Astronautical Society. pp. 85–771 to 85–774. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209032656/http://www.spacefuture.com/archive/the_space_tourist.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Space+Tourism+Could+Drive+Space+Development&rft.btitle=The+Space+Tourist&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pages=85-771+to+85-774&rft.pub=American+Astronautical+Society&rft.date=1985-04&rft.aulast=Citron&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacefuture.com%2Farchive%2Fthe_space_tourist.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NoTourists-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NoTourists_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridges,_Andrew2000" class="citation news cs1">Bridges, Andrew (November 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001109081900/http://space.com/news/spacestation/mir_tour_iss_001101.html">"NASA: No Room at the ISS Inn for Mir Cast-offs"</a>. <i>Space.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/news/spacestation/mir_tour_iss_001101.html">the original</a> on November 9, 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=NASA%3A+No+Room+at+the+ISS+Inn+for+Mir+Cast-offs&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.au=Bridges%2C+Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fnews%2Fspacestation%2Fmir_tour_iss_001101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtake2013" class="citation news cs1">Otake, Tomoko (August 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2013/08/03/people/toyohiro-akiyama-cautionary-tales-from-one-not-afraid-to-risk-all/">"Toyohiro Akiyama: Cautionary tales from one not afraid to risk all"</a>. <i>Japan Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180801034412/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2013/08/03/people/toyohiro-akiyama-cautionary-tales-from-one-not-afraid-to-risk-all/">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Toyohiro+Akiyama%3A+Cautionary+tales+from+one+not+afraid+to+risk+all&rft.date=2013-08-03&rft.aulast=Otake&rft.aufirst=Tomoko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Flife%2F2013%2F08%2F03%2Fpeople%2Ftoyohiro-akiyama-cautionary-tales-from-one-not-afraid-to-risk-all%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.century-of-flight.net/Aviation%20history/aviation%20timeline/1990.htm">"World Aviation in 1990"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111119140335/http://century-of-flight.net/Aviation%20history/aviation%20timeline/1990.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Aviation+in+1990&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.century-of-flight.net%2FAviation%2520history%2Faviation%2520timeline%2F1990.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FirstBriton-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FirstBriton_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/18/newsid_2380000/2380649.stm">"1991: Sharman becomes first Briton in space"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. May 18, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070905072027/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/18/newsid_2380000/2380649.stm">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1991%3A+Sharman+becomes+first+Briton+in+space&rft.date=1991-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmay%2F18%2Fnewsid_2380000%2F2380649.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacefacts.de/english/flights.htm">"Manned Spaceflights"</a>. <i>SPACEFACTS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024163708/http://www.spacefacts.de/english/flights.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SPACEFACTS&rft.atitle=Manned+Spaceflights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacefacts.de%2Fenglish%2Fflights.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1999/04/27/British-billionaire-pays-for-Mir-ride/1283925185600/">"British billionaire pays for Mir ride"</a>. <i>UPI</i>. April 27, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240305235806/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1999/04/27/British-billionaire-pays-for-Mir-ride/1283925185600/">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=British+billionaire+pays+for+Mir+ride&rft.date=1999-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1999%2F04%2F27%2FBritish-billionaire-pays-for-Mir-ride%2F1283925185600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/353467.stm">"No Mir flight for British businessman"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. May 27, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002081856/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/353467.stm">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=No+Mir+flight+for+British+businessman&rft.date=1999-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F353467.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xprize1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Xprize1_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110113174704/http://scaled.com/projects/tierone/spaceshipone_flies_again_within_14_days_-_wins_10m_x_prize">"SpaceShipOne Flies Again Within 14 Days – Wins $10M X PRIZE"</a>. <i>Scaled Composites</i> (Press release). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scaled.com/projects/tierone/spaceshipone_flies_again_within_14_days_-_wins_10m_x_prize">the original</a> on January 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SpaceShipOne+Flies+Again+Within+14+Days+%E2%80%93+Wins+%2410M+X+PRIZE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scaled.com%2Fprojects%2Ftierone%2Fspaceshipone_flies_again_within_14_days_-_wins_10m_x_prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424214944/http://www.scaled.com/projects/tierone/pilots/michael_w._melvill">"Michael W. Melvill"</a>. <i>Scaled Composites</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scaled.com/projects/tierone/pilots/michael_w._melvill">the original</a> on April 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scaled+Composites&rft.atitle=Michael+W.+Melvill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scaled.com%2Fprojects%2Ftierone%2Fpilots%2Fmichael_w._melvill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xprize2-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Xprize2_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scaled.com/projects/tierone/041004_spaceshipone_x-prize_flight_2.html">"SpaceShipOne Captures X-Prize!"</a>. <i>Scaled Composites</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081105083543/http://www.scaled.com/projects/tierone/041004_spaceshipone_x-prize_flight_2.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scaled+Composites&rft.atitle=SpaceShipOne+Captures+X-Prize%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scaled.com%2Fprojects%2Ftierone%2F041004_spaceshipone_x-prize_flight_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BritannicaTopicSpaceShipOne-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritannicaTopicSpaceShipOne_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/SpaceShipOne">"SpaceShipOne"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430191905/https://www.britannica.com/topic/SpaceShipOne">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=SpaceShipOne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FSpaceShipOne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeitering2018" class="citation web cs1">Weitering, Hanneke (July 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/41295-virgin-galactic-reaches-mesosphere-epic-test.html">"Virgin Galactic's VSS Unity Space Plane Aces Test Flight, Reaching Mesosphere for the 1st Time"</a>. <i>Space.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901235013/https://www.space.com/41295-virgin-galactic-reaches-mesosphere-epic-test.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic%27s+VSS+Unity+Space+Plane+Aces+Test+Flight%2C+Reaching+Mesosphere+for+the+1st+Time&rft.date=2018-07-26&rft.aulast=Weitering&rft.aufirst=Hanneke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F41295-virgin-galactic-reaches-mesosphere-epic-test.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20121005005907/en/Virgin-Galactic-Acquires-Full-Ownership-of-The-Spaceship-Company">"Virgin Galactic Acquires Full Ownership of The Spaceship Company"</a>. <i>Business Wire</i>. October 5, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428221901/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20121005005907/en/Virgin-Galactic-Acquires-Full-Ownership-of-The-Spaceship-Company">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Wire&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic+Acquires+Full+Ownership+of+The+Spaceship+Company&rft.date=2012-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20121005005907%2Fen%2FVirgin-Galactic-Acquires-Full-Ownership-of-The-Spaceship-Company&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChangSchwartz2014" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth; Schwartz, John (October 31, 2014). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/01/science/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-crashes-during-test-flight.html">"Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes in New Setback for Commercial Spaceflight"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401043744/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/01/science/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-crashes-during-test-flight.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic%27s+SpaceShipTwo+Crashes+in+New+Setback+for+Commercial+Spaceflight&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F01%2Fscience%2Fvirgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-crashes-during-test-flight.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik2021" class="citation web cs1">Malik, Tariq (July 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/virgin-galactic-richard-branson-unity-22-launch-explained">"Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Unity 22 launch with Richard Branson. See video and photos of the flight"</a>. <i>Space.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712052103/https://www.space.com/virgin-galactic-richard-branson-unity-22-launch-explained">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic%27s+SpaceShipTwo+Unity+22+launch+with+Richard+Branson.+See+video+and+photos+of+the+flight.&rft.date=2021-07-11&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fvirgin-galactic-richard-branson-unity-22-launch-explained&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheetz2023" class="citation web cs1">Sheetz, Michael (June 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/29/virgin-galactic-first-commercial-spaceflight-live-stream-updates.html">"Virgin Galactic completes first commercial flight in major step for space tourism company"</a>. <i>CNBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119105712/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/29/virgin-galactic-first-commercial-spaceflight-live-stream-updates.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic+completes+first+commercial+flight+in+major+step+for+space+tourism+company&rft.date=2023-06-29&rft.aulast=Sheetz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2023%2F06%2F29%2Fvirgin-galactic-first-commercial-spaceflight-live-stream-updates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2021" class="citation web cs1">Berger, Eric (July 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/07/blue-origin-set-for-historic-first-human-flight-of-its-new-shepard-system/">"Blue Origin successfully completes its first human launch [Updated]"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210720150008/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/07/blue-origin-set-for-historic-first-human-flight-of-its-new-shepard-system/">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Blue+Origin+successfully+completes+its+first+human+launch+%5BUpdated%5D&rft.date=2021-07-20&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2F07%2Fblue-origin-set-for-historic-first-human-flight-of-its-new-shepard-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/media/111460.pdf">"The U.S. Commercial Suborbital Industry: A Space Renaissance in the Making"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Federal Aviation Administration</i>. pp. 6–7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921100648/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/media/111460.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Commercial+Suborbital+Industry%3A+A+Space+Renaissance+in+the+Making&rft.pages=6-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fabout%2Foffice_org%2Fheadquarters_offices%2Fast%2Fmedia%2F111460.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100430002641/http://www.xcor.com/products/vehicles/lynx_suborbital.html">"About Lynx"</a>. <i>XCOR Aerospace</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xcor.com/products/vehicles/lynx_suborbital.html">the original</a> on April 30, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XCOR+Aerospace&rft.atitle=About+Lynx&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xcor.com%2Fproducts%2Fvehicles%2Flynx_suborbital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2017" class="citation news cs1">Foust, Jeff (November 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacenews.com/xcor-aerospace-files-for-bankruptcy/">"XCOR Aerospace files for bankruptcy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SpaceNews" title="SpaceNews">SpaceNews</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20191216022907/https://spacenews.com/xcor%2Daerospace%2Dfiles%2Dfor%2Dbankruptcy/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=XCOR+Aerospace+files+for+bankruptcy&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fxcor-aerospace-files-for-bankruptcy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citizensinspace.org/next-frontier/">"The Next Frontier For Citizen Science"</a>. <i>Citizens in Space</i>. May 5, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313070048/http://www.citizensinspace.org/next-frontier/">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Citizens+in+Space&rft.atitle=The+Next+Frontier+For+Citizen+Science&rft.date=2012-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizensinspace.org%2Fnext-frontier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bild.de/reise/fluege/weltraumtourismus/lynx-ueberschall-flugzeug-weltraumtourismus-new-york-tokio-26888704.bild.html">"Fliegen wir die Strecke New York-Tokio bald mit Umweg übers All?"</a>. <i>Bild</i> (in German). October 26, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104180620/http://www.bild.de/reise/fluege/weltraumtourismus/lynx-ueberschall-flugzeug-weltraumtourismus-new-york-tokio-26888704.bild.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bild&rft.atitle=Fliegen+wir+die+Strecke+New+York-Tokio+bald+mit+Umweg+%C3%BCbers+All%3F&rft.date=2012-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bild.de%2Freise%2Ffluege%2Fweltraumtourismus%2Flynx-ueberschall-flugzeug-weltraumtourismus-new-york-tokio-26888704.bild.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130401121629/http://www.xcor.com/press-releases/2012/12-06-07_XCOR_announces_SXC_as_general_sales_agent.html">"XCOR Aerospace Announces Space Expedition Corporation (SXC) As General Sales Agent For Space Tourism Flights"</a>. <i>XCOR Aerospace</i>. June 7, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xcor.com/press-releases/2012/12-06-07_XCOR_announces_SXC_as_general_sales_agent.html">the original</a> on April 1, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XCOR+Aerospace&rft.atitle=XCOR+Aerospace+Announces+Space+Expedition+Corporation+%28SXC%29+As+General+Sales+Agent+For+Space+Tourism+Flights&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xcor.com%2Fpress-releases%2F2012%2F12-06-07_XCOR_announces_SXC_as_general_sales_agent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511170315/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article1909818.ece">"Europe joins space tourism race"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. June 10, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article1909818.ece">the original</a> on May 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Europe+joins+space+tourism+race&rft.date=2007-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Farticle1909818.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWattles2020" class="citation web cs1">Wattles, Jackie (February 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/18/tech/spacex-tourism-space-adventures/index.html">"SpaceX teams up with space tourism agency to sell rides aboard its spacecraft"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219185912/https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/18/tech/spacex-tourism-space-adventures/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=SpaceX+teams+up+with+space+tourism+agency+to+sell+rides+aboard+its+spacecraft&rft.date=2020-02-19&rft.aulast=Wattles&rft.aufirst=Jackie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F02%2F18%2Ftech%2Fspacex-tourism-space-adventures%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tito-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tito_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tito_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1297924.stm">"Profile: Tito the spaceman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. April 28, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217062408/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1297924.stm">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Tito+the+spaceman&rft.date=2001-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F1297924.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anousheh_Ansari-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anousheh_Ansari_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anoushehansari.com/about/">"About Anousheh Ansari"</a>. <i>Anousheh Ansari</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727140038/http://www.anoushehansari.com/about/">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anousheh+Ansari&rft.atitle=About+Anousheh+Ansari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anoushehansari.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergin2008" class="citation web cs1">Bergin, Chris (October 11, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2008/10/soyuz-tma-13-set-to-launch-trio-to-iss/">"Soyuz TMA-13 launches trio on journey to the ISS"</a>. <i>NASASpaceFlight.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207061444/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2008/10/soyuz-tma-13-set-to-launch-trio-to-iss/">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASASpaceFlight.com&rft.atitle=Soyuz+TMA-13+launches+trio+on+journey+to+the+ISS&rft.date=2008-10-11&rft.aulast=Bergin&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2008%2F10%2Fsoyuz-tma-13-set-to-launch-trio-to-iss%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlotz2015" class="citation web cs1">Klotz, Irene (May 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-sarahbrightman-idUSKBN0NY2KN20150513">"Singer Sarah Brightman calls off flight to space station"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022105817/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-sarahbrightman-idUSKBN0NY2KN20150513">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Singer+Sarah+Brightman+calls+off+flight+to+space+station&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft.aulast=Klotz&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-space-sarahbrightman-idUSKBN0NY2KN20150513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorthon2019" class="citation web cs1">Northon, Karen (June 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-opens-international-space-station-to-new-commercial-opportunities-private">"NASA Opens International Space Station to New Commercial Opportunities"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001054506/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-opens-international-space-station-to-new-commercial-opportunities-private/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA+Opens+International+Space+Station+to+New+Commercial+Opportunities&rft.date=2019-06-07&rft.aulast=Northon&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress-release%2Fnasa-opens-international-space-station-to-new-commercial-opportunities-private&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2021" class="citation web cs1">Atkinson, Ian (September 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/09/spacex-launch-inspiration4/">"SpaceX launches Inspiration4, first all-private orbital mission"</a>. <i>nasaspaceflight.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916004519/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/09/spacex-launch-inspiration4/">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasaspaceflight.com&rft.atitle=SpaceX+launches+Inspiration4%2C+first+all-private+orbital+mission&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2021%2F09%2Fspacex-launch-inspiration4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport2021" class="citation web cs1">Davenport, Justin (September 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/09/inspiration4-splashdown-florida/">"Inspiration4 and all-civilian crew return to Earth with splashdown off Florida coast"</a>. <i>nasapaceflight.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007201340/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/09/inspiration4-splashdown-florida/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasapaceflight.com&rft.atitle=Inspiration4+and+all-civilian+crew+return+to+Earth+with+splashdown+off+Florida+coast&rft.date=2021-09-18&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2021%2F09%2Finspiration4-splashdown-florida%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/11/science/spacex-polaris-dawn-astronauts-spacewalk.html">"First Private Spacewalk in SpaceX Capsule Achieves New Milestone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. September 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=First+Private+Spacewalk+in+SpaceX+Capsule+Achieves+New+Milestone&rft.date=2024-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F09%2F11%2Fscience%2Fspacex-polaris-dawn-astronauts-spacewalk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sheetz_2021-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sheetz_2021_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheetz2021" class="citation web cs1">Sheetz, Michael (June 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/02/axiom-space-expands-spacex-deal-for-private-crew-launches-to-iss-.html">"Axiom Space expands SpaceX private crew launch deal, with four total missions to the space station"</a>. <i>CNBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529151534/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/02/axiom-space-expands-spacex-deal-for-private-crew-launches-to-iss-.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Axiom+Space+expands+SpaceX+private+crew+launch+deal%2C+with+four+total+missions+to+the+space+station&rft.date=2021-06-02&rft.aulast=Sheetz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F06%2F02%2Faxiom-space-expands-spacex-deal-for-private-crew-launches-to-iss-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ax-2_Overview-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ax-2_Overview_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axiomspace.com/#overview">"Axiom-2 Official Overview"</a>. <i>Axiom Space</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124195711/https://www.axiomspace.com/#overview">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axiom+Space&rft.atitle=Axiom-2+Official+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axiomspace.com%2F%23overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlotz2014" class="citation news cs1">Klotz, Irene (September 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/boeing-space-idUSL1N0RI2XY20140917">"Boeing's 'space taxi' includes seat for a tourist"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160316191051/http://www.reuters.com/article/boeing-space-idUSL1N0RI2XY20140917">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Boeing%27s+%27space+taxi%27+includes+seat+for+a+tourist&rft.date=2014-09-17&rft.aulast=Klotz&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fboeing-space-idUSL1N0RI2XY20140917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/boeing-space-taxi-has-tourist-seat-1.2770088">"Boeing space taxi has tourist seat"</a>. <i>Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</i>. Thomson Reuters. September 18, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108190620/http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/boeing-space-taxi-has-tourist-seat-1.2770088">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Boeing+space+taxi+has+tourist+seat&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Ftechnology%2Fboeing-space-taxi-has-tourist-seat-1.2770088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2010" class="citation web cs1">Foust, Jeff (November 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1719/1">"Bigelow still thinks big"</a>. <i>The Space Review</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120707091051/http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1719/1">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Space+Review&rft.atitle=Bigelow+still+thinks+big&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespacereview.com%2Farticle%2F1719%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130427100548/http://www.spaceislandgroup.com/sig-vision.html">"The Space Island Group's Mission"</a>. <i>Space Island Group</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceislandgroup.com/sig-vision.html">the original</a> on April 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space+Island+Group&rft.atitle=The+Space+Island+Group%27s+Mission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceislandgroup.com%2Fsig-vision.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/40226-aurora-station-luxury-space-hotel-photos.html">"A Space Hotel in Images: Orion Span's Luxury Aurora Station"</a>. <i>Space.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017042939/https://www.space.com/40226-aurora-station-luxury-space-hotel-photos.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=A+Space+Hotel+in+Images%3A+Orion+Span%27s+Luxury+Aurora+Station&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F40226-aurora-station-luxury-space-hotel-photos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1247091/orion-span-claims-its-luxury-space-hotel-will-open-to-its-first-guests-in-2022/">"Orion Span claims its 'luxury space hotel' will open to its first guests in 2022 – Quartz"</a>. <i>Quartz</i>. April 9, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017082143/https://qz.com/1247091/orion-span-claims-its-luxury-space-hotel-will-open-to-its-first-guests-in-2022/">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=Orion+Span+claims+its+%27luxury+space+hotel%27+will+open+to+its+first+guests+in+2022+%E2%80%93+Quartz&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1247091%2Forion-span-claims-its-luxury-space-hotel-will-open-to-its-first-guests-in-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2021" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Anastasia (October 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japantoday.com/category/features/travel/us-firm-sees-%27exciting%27-moment-as-space-tourism-booms1">"U.S. firm sees 'exciting' moment as space tourism booms"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Japan_Today" title="Japan Today">Japan Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018211442/https://japantoday.com/category/features/travel/us-firm-sees-%27exciting%27-moment-as-space-tourism-booms1">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Today&rft.atitle=U.S.+firm+sees+%27exciting%27+moment+as+space+tourism+booms&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Anastasia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapantoday.com%2Fcategory%2Ffeatures%2Ftravel%2Fus-firm-sees-%2527exciting%2527-moment-as-space-tourism-booms1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2022" class="citation web cs1">Foust, Jeff (October 12, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/dennis-tito-and-wife-to-be-on-second-starship-flight-around-the-moon/">"Dennis Tito and wife to be on second Starship flight around the moon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SpaceNews" title="SpaceNews">SpaceNews</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530001222/https://spacenews.com/dennis-tito-and-wife-to-be-on-second-starship-flight-around-the-moon/">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=Dennis+Tito+and+wife+to+be+on+second+Starship+flight+around+the+moon&rft.date=2022-10-12&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fdennis-tito-and-wife-to-be-on-second-starship-flight-around-the-moon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilman2005" class="citation news cs1">Gilman, Victoria (August 10, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061210054311/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/08/0810_050810_moontrip.html">"$100 Million Moon Trip: Space Tourism's Hot Ticket?"</a>. <i>National Geographic News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/08/0810_050810_moontrip.html">the original</a> on December 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&rft.atitle=%24100+Million+Moon+Trip%3A+Space+Tourism%27s+Hot+Ticket%3F&rft.date=2005-08-10&rft.aulast=Gilman&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2F08%2F0810_050810_moontrip.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-economist1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economist1_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/21557719">"Fly me to the moon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. June 30, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823063656/http://www.economist.com/node/21557719">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Fly+me+to+the+moon&rft.date=2012-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21557719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen2015" class="citation news cs1">Owen, Jonathan (March 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/shooting-for-the-moon-time-called-on-isle-of-man-space-race-10101750.html">"Shooting for the Moon: time called on Isle of Man space race"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914034208/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/shooting-for-the-moon-time-called-on-isle-of-man-space-race-10101750.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Shooting+for+the+Moon%3A+time+called+on+Isle+of+Man+space+race&rft.date=2015-03-11&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Fshooting-for-the-moon-time-called-on-isle-of-man-space-race-10101750.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borenstein-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Borenstein_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorenstein2013" class="citation news cs1">Borenstein, Seth (February 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apnews.excite.com/article/20130227/DA4N93K83.html">"Tycoon wants to send married couple on Mars flyby"</a>. <i>Excite</i>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185156/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20130227/DA4N93K83.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Excite&rft.atitle=Tycoon+wants+to+send+married+couple+on+Mars+flyby&rft.date=2013-02-27&rft.aulast=Borenstein&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapnews.excite.com%2Farticle%2F20130227%2FDA4N93K83.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boucher-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boucher_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoucher2013" class="citation news cs1">Boucher, Marc (February 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaceref.com/mars/the-first-human-mission-to-mars-in-2018.html">"The First Human Mission to Mars in 2018 (Updated)"</a>. <i>SpaceRef</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130411204327/http://spaceref.com/mars/the-first-human-mission-to-mars-in-2018.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SpaceRef&rft.atitle=The+First+Human+Mission+to+Mars+in+2018+%28Updated%29&rft.date=2013-02-20&rft.aulast=Boucher&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspaceref.com%2Fmars%2Fthe-first-human-mission-to-mars-in-2018.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sonnenberg-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sonnenberg_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonnenberg2013" class="citation news cs1">Sonnenberg, Max (February 23, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130226090920/http://thespacereporter.com/2013/02/millionaire-space-tourist-planning-historic-journey-to-mars-in-2018/">"Millionaire space tourist planning 'historic journey' to Mars in 2018"</a>. <i>The Space Reporter</i>. Archived from the original on February 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Space+Reporter&rft.atitle=Millionaire+space+tourist+planning+%27historic+journey%27+to+Mars+in+2018&rft.date=2013-02-23&rft.aulast=Sonnenberg&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthespacereporter.com%2F2013%2F02%2Fmillionaire-space-tourist-planning-historic-journey-to-mars-in-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parabolicarc.com-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-parabolicarc.com_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/11/20/dennis-titos-prepared-remarks-congress-human-mars-mission/">"Dennis Tito's Prepared Remarks Before Congress on Human Mars Mission at Parabolic Arc"</a>. Parabolicarc.com. November 20, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180910061015/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/11/20/dennis-titos-prepared-remarks-congress-human-mars-mission/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dennis+Tito%27s+Prepared+Remarks+Before+Congress+on+Human+Mars+Mission+at+Parabolic+Arc&rft.pub=Parabolicarc.com&rft.date=2013-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parabolicarc.com%2F2013%2F11%2F20%2Fdennis-titos-prepared-remarks-congress-human-mars-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-web.archive.org-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151013012955/http://inspirationmars.org/">"The Foundation"</a>. Archived from the original on October 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finspirationmars.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ulalaunch.com/bigelow-aerospace-and-ula-lunar-depot.aspx">"Bigelow Aerospace and United Launch Alliance Announce Agreement to Place a B330 Habitat in Low Lunar Orbit"</a>. October 17, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115180245/http://www.ulalaunch.com/bigelow-aerospace-and-ula-lunar-depot.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bigelow+Aerospace+and+United+Launch+Alliance+Announce+Agreement+to+Place+a+B330+Habitat+in+Low+Lunar+Orbit&rft.date=2017-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulalaunch.com%2Fbigelow-aerospace-and-ula-lunar-depot.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-39111030">"SpaceX to fly tourists around Moon"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. February 27, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180520020028/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-39111030">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=SpaceX+to+fly+tourists+around+Moon&rft.date=2017-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-39111030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuhas2017" class="citation news cs1">Yuhas, Alan (February 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/feb/27/spacex-moon-private-mission-2018-elon-musk">"SpaceX to send two people around the moon who paid for a 2018 private mission"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301005838/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/feb/27/spacex-moon-private-mission-2018-elon-musk">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=SpaceX+to+send+two+people+around+the+moon+who+paid+for+a+2018+private+mission&rft.date=2017-02-28&rft.aulast=Yuhas&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2017%2Ffeb%2F27%2Fspacex-moon-private-mission-2018-elon-musk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpaceNews-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SpaceNews_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SpaceNews_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2018" class="citation web cs1">Foust, Jeff (February 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacenews.com/spacex-no-longer-planning-crewed-missions-on-falcon-heavy/">"SpaceX no longer planning crewed missions on Falcon Heavy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SpaceNews" title="SpaceNews">SpaceNews</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=SpaceX+no+longer+planning+crewed+missions+on+Falcon+Heavy&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fspacex-no-longer-planning-crewed-missions-on-falcon-heavy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj.com-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsj.com_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj.com_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasztor" class="citation news cs1">Pasztor, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-says-spacexs-new-falcon-heavy-rocket-unlikely-to-carry-astronauts-1517876582?mod=rss_Technology">"Elon Musk Says SpaceX's New Falcon Heavy Rocket Unlikely to Carry Astronauts"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180206172108/https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-says-spacexs-new-falcon-heavy-rocket-unlikely-to-carry-astronauts-1517876582?mod=rss_Technology">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+Says+SpaceX%27s+New+Falcon+Heavy+Rocket+Unlikely+to+Carry+Astronauts&rft.aulast=Pasztor&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Felon-musk-says-spacexs-new-falcon-heavy-rocket-unlikely-to-carry-astronauts-1517876582%3Fmod%3Drss_Technology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/isn/5181.htm">"Outer Space Treaty"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of State</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609142306/https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/isn/5181.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Outer+Space+Treaty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Ft%2Fisn%2F5181.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFrobert.wickramatunga" class="citation web cs1">robert.wickramatunga. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/outerspt.html">"The Outer Space Treaty"</a>. <i>unoosa.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427091708/http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/outerspt.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unoosa.org&rft.atitle=The+Outer+Space+Treaty&rft.au=robert.wickramatunga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unoosa.org%2Foosa%2FSpaceLaw%2Fouterspt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/science/nature/4589072.stm">"US draws up space tourism rules"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. January 8, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325011253/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/science/nature/4589072.stm">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+draws+up+space+tourism+rules&rft.date=2006-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Flow%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F4589072.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAAReg-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAAReg_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120716073206/http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?sid=f32ec318140f194f1e3f1981d8192833&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title14/14cfrv4_02.tpl%23300">"Code of Federal Regulations: Title 14, Chapter III"</a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?sid=f32ec318140f194f1e3f1981d8192833&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title14/14cfrv4_02.tpl#300">the original</a> on July 16, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Code+of+Federal+Regulations%3A+Title+14%2C+Chapter+III&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecfr.gpoaccess.gov%2Fcgi%2Ft%2Ftext%2Ftext-idx%3Fsid%3Df32ec318140f194f1e3f1981d8192833%26c%3Decfr%26tpl%3D%2Fecfrbrowse%2FTitle14%2F14cfrv4_02.tpl%23300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpaceTourismCongress-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SpaceTourismCongress_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyle2004" class="citation news cs1">Boyle, Alan (December 23, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6682611">"Private-spaceflight bill signed into law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028043412/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6682611/">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Private-spaceflight+bill+signed+into+law&rft.date=2004-12-23&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna6682611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6682611">"Private-spaceflight bill signed into law"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. December 9, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002024244/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6682611">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Private-spaceflight+bill+signed+into+law&rft.date=2004-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna6682611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmlegis.gov/sessions/10%20Regular/final/SB0009.pdf">"Committee Substitute for SB0009JUS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New Mexico Legislature</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150119093747/http://www.nmlegis.gov/sessions/10%20Regular/final/SB0009.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Mexico+Legislature&rft.atitle=Committee+Substitute+for+SB0009JUS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmlegis.gov%2Fsessions%2F10%2520Regular%2Ffinal%2FSB0009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/faa-ends-commercial-space-astronaut-wings-program-will-recognize-individuals-reaching">"FAA Ends Commercial Space Astronaut Wings Program, Will Recognize Individuals Reaching Space on Website"</a>. <i>Federal Aviation Administration</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230819170720/https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/faa-ends-commercial-space-astronaut-wings-program-will-recognize-individuals-reaching">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.atitle=FAA+Ends+Commercial+Space+Astronaut+Wings+Program%2C+Will+Recognize+Individuals+Reaching+Space+on+Website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Ffaa-ends-commercial-space-astronaut-wings-program-will-recognize-individuals-reaching&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Howell2021" class="citation web cs1">Elizabeth Howell (December 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/faa-commercial-wings-program-ends-astronauts">"FAA ending commercial astronaut wings program as more people reach space"</a>. <i>Space.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002024244/https://www.space.com/faa-commercial-wings-program-ends-astronauts">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=FAA+ending+commercial+astronaut+wings+program+as+more+people+reach+space&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft.au=Elizabeth+Howell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Ffaa-commercial-wings-program-ends-astronauts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadhyPadhy2021" class="citation journal cs1">Padhy, Ankit Kumar; Padhy, Amit Kumar (July 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021AcAau.184..269P">"Legal conundrums of space tourism"</a>. <i>Acta Astronautica</i>. <b>184</b>: 269–273. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021AcAau.184..269P">2021AcAau.184..269P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.actaastro.2021.04.024">10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.04.024</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0094-5765">0094-5765</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240530001219/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021AcAau.184..269P">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Astronautica&rft.atitle=Legal+conundrums+of+space+tourism&rft.volume=184&rft.pages=269-273&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft.issn=0094-5765&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.actaastro.2021.04.024&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021AcAau.184..269P&rft.aulast=Padhy&rft.aufirst=Ankit+Kumar&rft.au=Padhy%2C+Amit+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fui.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2021AcAau.184..269P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta2023" class="citation web cs1">Mehta, Apoorva (September 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legaldesire.com/legal-considerations-in-space-tourism-navigating-the-final-frontier/">"Legal Considerations in Space Tourism: Navigating the Final Frontier"</a>. <i>Legal Desire Media and Insights</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231006172817/https://legaldesire.com/legal-considerations-in-space-tourism-navigating-the-final-frontier/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legal+Desire+Media+and+Insights&rft.atitle=Legal+Considerations+in+Space+Tourism%3A+Navigating+the+Final+Frontier&rft.date=2023-09-13&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Apoorva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegaldesire.com%2Flegal-considerations-in-space-tourism-navigating-the-final-frontier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chron-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chron_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarreau2008" class="citation web cs1">Carreau, Mark (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6052360.html">"$30 million buys Austin resident a ride on Soyuz mission"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Houston_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Houston Chronicle">The Houston Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629123512/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6052360.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%2430+million+buys+Austin+resident+a+ride+on+Soyuz+mission&rft.pub=The+Houston+Chronicle&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Carreau&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdisp%2Fstory.mpl%2Ffront%2F6052360.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canada-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-canada_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/sep/30/guy-laliberte-clown-space-circus">"Circus tycoon Guy Laliberté becomes first clown in space"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. Associated Press. October 1, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130907125439/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/sep/30/guy-laliberte-clown-space-circus">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Circus+tycoon+Guy+Lalibert%C3%A9+becomes+first+clown+in+space&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2009%2Fsep%2F30%2Fguy-laliberte-clown-space-circus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VOI-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VOI_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voi.id/en/technology/68321/oliver-daemen-youngest-astronaut-candidate-to-fly-with-jeff-bezos">"Oliver Daemen, Youngest Astronaut Candidate To Fly With Jeff Bezos"</a>. <i>VOI</i>. July 19, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723034319/https://voi.id/en/technology/68321/oliver-daemen-youngest-astronaut-candidate-to-fly-with-jeff-bezos">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VOI&rft.atitle=Oliver+Daemen%2C+Youngest+Astronaut+Candidate+To+Fly+With+Jeff+Bezos&rft.date=2021-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoi.id%2Fen%2Ftechnology%2F68321%2Foliver-daemen-youngest-astronaut-candidate-to-fly-with-jeff-bezos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueorigin.com/news/first-astronaut-crew-receive-guinness-world-records">"Blue Origin's first astronaut spaceflight breaks four Guinness World Records titles"</a>. <i>blueorigin.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023160010/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/first-astronaut-crew-receive-guinness-world-records">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blueorigin.com&rft.atitle=Blue+Origin%27s+first+astronaut+spaceflight+breaks+four+Guinness+World+Records+titles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueorigin.com%2Fnews%2Ffirst-astronaut-crew-receive-guinness-world-records&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArsTechFEB21-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ArsTechFEB21_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ArsTechFEB21_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2021" class="citation news cs1">Berger, Eric (February 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201223311/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/02/spacex-announces-first-free-flyer-human-spaceflight/">"SpaceX announces first "free flyer" human spaceflight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/02/spacex-announces-first-free-flyer-human-spaceflight/">the original</a> on February 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=SpaceX+announces+first+%22free+flyer%22+human+spaceflight&rft.date=2021-02-01&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2F02%2Fspacex-announces-first-free-flyer-human-spaceflight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeitering2021" class="citation web cs1">Weitering, Hanneke (October 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/william-shatner-blue-origin-crew-launch-success">"Blue Origin launches William Shatner and crew of 3 to the final frontier and back"</a>. <i>Space.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174550/https://www.space.com/william-shatner-blue-origin-crew-launch-success">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Blue+Origin+launches+William+Shatner+and+crew+of+3+to+the+final+frontier+and+back&rft.date=2021-10-13&rft.aulast=Weitering&rft.aufirst=Hanneke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fwilliam-shatner-blue-origin-crew-launch-success&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2021" class="citation news cs1">Foust, Jeff (May 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/japanese-billionaire-russian-actress-to-fly-to-iss/">"Japanese billionaire, Russian actress to fly to ISS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SpaceNews" title="SpaceNews">SpaceNews</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210603213500/https://spacenews.com/japanese-billionaire-russian-actress-to-fly-to-iss/">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=Japanese+billionaire%2C+Russian+actress+to+fly+to+ISS&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fjapanese-billionaire-russian-actress-to-fly-to-iss%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsf-soyuz-ms-20-landing-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsf-soyuz-ms-20-landing_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/soyuz-ms-20-undocking/">"Soyuz MS-20 lands following 12-day ISS mission"</a>. <i>NASASpaceflight.com</i>. December 19, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110102142/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/soyuz-ms-20-undocking/">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASASpaceflight.com&rft.atitle=Soyuz+MS-20+lands+following+12-day+ISS+mission&rft.date=2021-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2021%2F12%2Fsoyuz-ms-20-undocking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsf-bo-ns-19-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsf-bo-ns-19_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/ns-19/">"Blue Origin launches NS-19 with full passenger complement"</a>. <i>NASASpaceflight.com</i>. December 11, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615072316/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/ns-19/">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASASpaceflight.com&rft.atitle=Blue+Origin+launches+NS-19+with+full+passenger+complement&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2021%2F12%2Fns-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheetz2022" class="citation web cs1">Sheetz, Michael (March 31, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/31/watch-live-jeff-bezos-blue-origin-launch-new-shepard-ns-20-crew-to-space.html">"Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin launches first New Shepard space crew of 2022"</a>. <i>CNBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511045529/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/31/watch-live-jeff-bezos-blue-origin-launch-new-shepard-ns-20-crew-to-space.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Jeff+Bezos%27+Blue+Origin+launches+first+New+Shepard+space+crew+of+2022&rft.date=2022-03-31&rft.aulast=Sheetz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F03%2F31%2Fwatch-live-jeff-bezos-blue-origin-launch-new-shepard-ns-20-crew-to-space.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLueders2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Lueders" title="Kathy Lueders">Lueders, Kathy [@KathyLueders]</a> (September 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/KathyLueders/status/1441439798791639041">"Great news! We are targeting Feb. 21 for the launch of the Axiom 1 mission to the @Space_Station – the first private astronaut mission to the microgravity laboratory with @Axiom_Space. Our work continues to open space to more people than ever"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+news%21+We+are+targeting+Feb.+21+for+the+launch+of+the+Axiom+1+mission+to+the+%40Space_Station+%E2%80%93+the+first+private+astronaut+mission+to+the+microgravity+laboratory+with+%40Axiom_Space.+Our+work+continues+to+open+space+to+more+people+than+ever.&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft.aulast=Lueders&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FKathyLueders%2Fstatus%2F1441439798791639041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2021" class="citation web cs1">Berger, Eric (September 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/09/boeing-still-troubleshooting-starliner-may-swap-out-service-module/">"Boeing still studying Starliner valve issues, with no launch date in sight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210922230335/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/09/boeing-still-troubleshooting-starliner-may-swap-out-service-module/">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Axiom's private mission to the space station on a Crew Dragon has been delayed until late February[.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Boeing+still+studying+Starliner+valve+issues%2C+with+no+launch+date+in+sight&rft.date=2021-09-22&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2F09%2Fboeing-still-troubleshooting-starliner-may-swap-out-service-module%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collectspaceAx1-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-collectspaceAx1_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-012621a-axiom-space-ax1-crew-announce.html">"Axiom Space names first private crew to launch to space station"</a>. collectSPACE. January 26, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310132331/http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-012621a-axiom-space-ax1-crew-announce.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Axiom+Space+names+first+private+crew+to+launch+to+space+station&rft.pub=collectSPACE&rft.date=2021-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectspace.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-012621a-axiom-space-ax1-crew-announce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa-20220202-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasa-20220202_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargetta2022" class="citation web cs1">Margetta, Robert (February 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-space-station-partners-approve-first-axiom-mission-astronauts">"NASA, Space Station Partners Approve First Axiom Mission Astronauts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220402203128/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-space-station-partners-approve-first-axiom-mission-astronauts/">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA%2C+Space+Station+Partners+Approve+First+Axiom+Mission+Astronauts&rft.date=2022-02-02&rft.aulast=Margetta&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress-release%2Fnasa-space-station-partners-approve-first-axiom-mission-astronauts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueorigin.com/news/ns-21-mission-updates">"Blue Origin Successfully Completes 21st Mission"</a>. <i>Blue Origin</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605212241/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/ns-21-mission-updates/">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blue+Origin&rft.atitle=Blue+Origin+Successfully+Completes+21st+Mission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueorigin.com%2Fnews%2Fns-21-mission-updates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueorigin.com/news/ns-22-mission-updates">"Blue Origin Successfully Completes 22nd Mission to Space"</a>. <i>Blue Origin</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808002919/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/ns-22-mission-updates/">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blue+Origin&rft.atitle=Blue+Origin+Successfully+Completes+22nd+Mission+to+Space&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueorigin.com%2Fnews%2Fns-22-mission-updates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axiomspace.com/news/category/Ax-2+Mission">"Axiom Space to Hold All-Crew Press Conference Following Ax-2 Mission to Space Station"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Space" title="Axiom Space">Axiom Space</a></i>. May 31, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531210552/https://www.axiomspace.com/news/category/Ax-2+Mission">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axiom+Space&rft.atitle=Axiom+Space+to+Hold+All-Crew+Press+Conference+Following+Ax-2+Mission+to+Space+Station&rft.date=2023-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axiomspace.com%2Fnews%2Fcategory%2FAx-2%2BMission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garriott-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garriott_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627164655/http://www.richardinspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.welcome&theyear=2008&themonth=1&view=18">"Do Not Call Me A Space Tourist!"</a>. <i>Richard Garriot's Space Mission</i>. January 31, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richardinspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.welcome&theyear=2008&themonth=1&view=18">the original</a> on June 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richard+Garriot%27s+Space+Mission&rft.atitle=Do+Not+Call+Me+A+Space+Tourist%21&rft.date=2008-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richardinspace.com%2Findex.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3Dblog.welcome%26theyear%3D2008%26themonth%3D1%26view%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight2002" class="citation web cs1">Knight, Will (April 20, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2190-space-tourist-insists-on-pioneering-role.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Space tourist' insists on pioneering role"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430211457/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/4623674/">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=%27Space+tourist%27+insists+on+pioneering+role&rft.date=2002-04-20&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn2190-space-tourist-insists-on-pioneering-role.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyle2004" class="citation web cs1">Boyle, Alan (March 29, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124135813/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/4623674/">"Space millionaire to mix science with pleasure"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/4623674">the original</a> on January 24, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Space+millionaire+to+mix+science+with+pleasure&rft.date=2004-03-29&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F4623674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2004" class="citation web cs1">Foust, Jeff (November 29, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thespacereview.com/article/280/1">"Is it time to dump the t-word?"</a>. <i>The Space Review</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516202303/http://thespacereview.com/article/280/1">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Space+Review&rft.atitle=Is+it+time+to+dump+the+t-word%3F&rft.date=2004-11-29&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespacereview.com%2Farticle%2F280%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space-travel.com/reports/Circus_man_ready_to_make_fairy_tale_come_true_in_space_999.html">"Circus man ready to make 'fairy tale' come true in space"</a>. <i>Space Travel</i>. September 10, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430211713/http://www.space-travel.com/reports/Circus_man_ready_to_make_fairy_tale_come_true_in_space_999.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space+Travel&rft.atitle=Circus+man+ready+to+make+%27fairy+tale%27+come+true+in+space&rft.date=2009-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space-travel.com%2Freports%2FCircus_man_ready_to_make_fairy_tale_come_true_in_space_999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/06/07/space-tourism-majority-of-americans-say-they-wouldnt-be-interested/">"Space Tourism? Majority of Americans say they wouldn't be interested"</a>. <i>PEW Research Center</i>. June 7, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118183020/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/06/07/space-tourism-majority-of-americans-say-they-wouldnt-be-interested/">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PEW+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Space+Tourism%3F+Majority+of+Americans+say+they+wouldn%27t+be+interested&rft.date=2018-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2018%2F06%2F07%2Fspace-tourism-majority-of-americans-say-they-wouldnt-be-interested%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFall-Johnsen" class="citation web cs1">McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-astronaut-warns-tourists-that-spaceflight-is-uncomfortable-risky-2021-8">"NASA astronaut Megan McArthur's warning to space tourists: Spaceflight is uncomfortable and risky. It takes grit"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002024244/https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-astronaut-warns-tourists-that-spaceflight-is-uncomfortable-risky-2021-8">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=NASA+astronaut+Megan+McArthur%27s+warning+to+space+tourists%3A+Spaceflight+is+uncomfortable+and+risky.+It+takes+grit.&rft.aulast=McFall-Johnsen&rft.aufirst=Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fnasa-astronaut-warns-tourists-that-spaceflight-is-uncomfortable-risky-2021-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Space.comSurvey-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Space.comSurvey_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid2006" class="citation news cs1">David, Leonard (October 3, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/news/061003_tourism_survey.html">"Space Tourism Survey Shows Cost, Access Key Selling Points"</a>. <i>Space.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090929003638/http://www.space.com/news/061003_tourism_survey.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Space+Tourism+Survey+Shows+Cost%2C+Access+Key+Selling+Points&rft.date=2006-10-03&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fnews%2F061003_tourism_survey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116184043/http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=World_News&subsection=Rest+of+the+World&month=June2007&file=World_News2007061523649.xml">"EU official balks at space tourism"</a>. <i>The Peninsula</i>. June 15, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=World_News&subsection=Rest+of+the+World&month=June2007&file=World_News2007061523649.xml">the original</a> on January 16, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Peninsula&rft.atitle=EU+official+balks+at+space+tourism&rft.date=2007-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepeninsulaqatar.com%2FDisplay_news.asp%3Fsection%3DWorld_News%26subsection%3DRest%2Bof%2Bthe%2BWorld%26month%3DJune2007%26file%3DWorld_News2007061523649.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-58903078">"Prince William: Saving Earth should come before space tourism"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. October 14, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211014041523/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-58903078">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Prince+William%3A+Saving+Earth+should+come+before+space+tourism&rft.date=2021-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-58903078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1029/2021EF002612-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-10.1029/2021EF002612_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10.1029/2021EF002612_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyanMaraisBalhatchetEastham2022" class="citation journal cs1">Ryan, Robert G.; <a href="/wiki/Eloise_Marais" title="Eloise Marais">Marais, Eloise A.</a>; Balhatchet, Chloe J.; Eastham, Sebastian D. (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9287058">"Impact of Rocket Launch and Space Debris Air Pollutant Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate"</a>. <i>Earth's Future</i>. <b>10</b> (6): e2021EF002612. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022EaFut..1002612R">2022EaFut..1002612R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2021EF002612">10.1029/2021EF002612</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2328-4277">2328-4277</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9287058">9287058</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35865359">35865359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth%27s+Future&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Rocket+Launch+and+Space+Debris+Air+Pollutant+Emissions+on+Stratospheric+Ozone+and+Global+Climate&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e2021EF002612&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9287058%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022EaFut..1002612R&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35865359&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2021EF002612&rft.issn=2328-4277&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rft.au=Marais%2C+Eloise+A.&rft.au=Balhatchet%2C+Chloe+J.&rft.au=Eastham%2C+Sebastian+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9287058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRL-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GRL_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GRL_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossMillsToohey2010" class="citation journal cs1">Ross, Martin; Mills, Michael; Toohey, Darin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/gl1024/2010GL044548/">"Potential climate impact of black carbon emitted by rockets"</a>. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. <b>37</b> (24): n/a. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010GeoRL..3724810R">2010GeoRL..3724810R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2010GL044548">10.1029/2010GL044548</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001054452/https://www.agu.org/Publish-with-AGU/Publish">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Potential+climate+impact+of+black+carbon+emitted+by+rockets&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=n%2Fa&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2010GL044548&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010GeoRL..3724810R&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Mills%2C+Michael&rft.au=Toohey%2C+Darin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agu.org%2Fjournals%2Fgl%2Fgl1024%2F2010GL044548%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2010" class="citation journal cs1">Mann, Adam (October 22, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101022/full/news.2010.558.html">"Space tourism to accelerate climate change"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnews.2010.558">10.1038/news.2010.558</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120721025559/http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101022/full/news.2010.558.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Space+tourism+to+accelerate+climate+change&rft.date=2010-10-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnews.2010.558&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2F101022%2Ffull%2Fnews.2010.558.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/space-tourism-from-companies-like-spacex-virgin-galactic-and-blue-origin-could-undo-work-to-repair-ozone-layer-study-finds-12640296">"Space tourism from companies like SpaceX, Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin could undo work to repair ozone layer, study finds"</a>. <i>Sky News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220719215649/https://news.sky.com/story/space-tourism-from-companies-like-spacex-virgin-galactic-and-blue-origin-could-undo-work-to-repair-ozone-layer-study-finds-12640296">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Space+tourism+from+companies+like+SpaceX%2C+Virgin+Galactic+and+Blue+Origin+could+undo+work+to+repair+ozone+layer%2C+study+finds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fspace-tourism-from-companies-like-spacex-virgin-galactic-and-blue-origin-could-undo-work-to-repair-ozone-layer-study-finds-12640296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter" class="citation web cs1">Carter, Travis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journalism.nyu.edu/publishing/archives/livewire/archived/vacation_final_frontier/index.html">"Vacation: The Final Frontier"</a>. <i>NYU Livewire</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430210327/http://journalism.nyu.edu/publishing/archives/livewire/archived/vacation_final_frontier/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYU+Livewire&rft.atitle=Vacation%3A+The+Final+Frontier&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Travis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournalism.nyu.edu%2Fpublishing%2Farchives%2Flivewire%2Farchived%2Fvacation_final_frontier%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robert-goehlich.de/lectures01.html">"Space Tourism 1 Lecture"</a>. <i>Robert A. Goehlich</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130325064140/http://www.robert-goehlich.de/lectures01.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Robert+A.+Goehlich&rft.atitle=Space+Tourism+1+Lecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robert-goehlich.de%2Flectures01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.erau.edu/headlines/worldwide-course-prepares-students-for-space-tourism-business">"Worldwide Course Prepares Students for Space Tourism Business"</a>. <i>Embry-Riddle Newsroom</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002232304/https://news.erau.edu/headlines/worldwide-course-prepares-students-for-space-tourism-business">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Embry-Riddle+Newsroom&rft.atitle=Worldwide+Course+Prepares+Students+for+Space+Tourism+Business&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.erau.edu%2Fheadlines%2Fworldwide-course-prepares-students-for-space-tourism-business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/news/updates/media/Economic%20Impact%20Study%20September%202010_20101026_PS.pdf">"The Economic Impact of Commercial Space Transportation on the U.S. Economy in 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Federal Aviation Administration</i>. September 2010. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126030732/http://www.faa.gov/news/updates/media/economic%20impact%20study%20september%202010_20101026_ps.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Impact+of+Commercial+Space+Transportation+on+the+U.S.+Economy+in+2009&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fnews%2Fupdates%2Fmedia%2FEconomic%2520Impact%2520Study%2520September%25202010_20101026_PS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpotts2011" class="citation web cs1">Spotts, Pete (May 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2011/0506/A-space-tourism-trip-to-the-moon-It-could-happen-by-2015.">"A space tourism trip to the moon? It could happen by 2015"</a>. <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120802034801/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2011/0506/A-space-tourism-trip-to-the-moon-It-could-happen-by-2015.">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=A+space+tourism+trip+to+the+moon%3F+It+could+happen+by+2015&rft.date=2011-05-06&rft.aulast=Spotts&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2F2011%2F0506%2FA-space-tourism-trip-to-the-moon-It-could-happen-by-2015.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchandmarkets.com/report/space-tourism">"Global Space Tourism Market"</a>. <i>researchandmarkets.com</i>. July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002024246/https://www.researchandmarkets.com/report/space-tourism">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=researchandmarkets.com&rft.atitle=Global+Space+Tourism+Market&rft.date=2022-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchandmarkets.com%2Freport%2Fspace-tourism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbitzsch1996" class="citation conference cs1">Abitzsch, Sven (May 15, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacefuture.com/archive/prospects_of_space_tourism.shtml"><i>Prospects of Space Tourism</i></a>. 9th European Aerospace Congress – Visions and Limits of Long-term Aerospace Developments. Aerospace Institute, <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" title="Technische Universität Berlin">Technische Universität Berlin</a>: Space Future Consulting.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Prospects+of+Space+Tourism&rft.place=Aerospace+Institute%2C+Technische+Universit%C3%A4t+Berlin&rft.pub=Space+Future+Consulting&rft.date=1996-05-15&rft.aulast=Abitzsch&rft.aufirst=Sven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacefuture.com%2Farchive%2Fprospects_of_space_tourism.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManber2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Manber" title="Jeffrey Manber">Manber, Jeffrey</a> (2009). <i>Selling Peace: Inside the Soviet Conspiracy That Transformed the U.S. Space Program</i>. Burlington, Ont: Apogee. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-926592-08-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-926592-08-4"><bdi>978-1-926592-08-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+Peace%3A+Inside+the+Soviet+Conspiracy+That+Transformed+the+U.S.+Space+Program&rft.place=Burlington%2C+Ont&rft.pub=Apogee&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-926592-08-4&rft.aulast=Manber&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+tourism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Space_tourism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Space tourism">Space tourism</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Space#Q49390" class="extiw" title="voy:Space">Space</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space-tourists-film.com"><i>Space Tourists</i></a>, a documentary film by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Frei" title="Christian Frei">Christian Frei</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacetourismsociety.org"><i>Space Tourism Society</i></a>, a non-profit research and advocacy group</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_tourism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_tourism" title="Template:Space tourism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_tourism" title="Template talk:Space tourism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_tourism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space tourism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_tourism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Space tourism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Space" title="Axiom Space">Axiom Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_Defence_and_Space_Spaceplane" title="Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane">Airbus D&S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Aerospace_Ventures" title="Mojave Aerospace Ventures">Mojave Aerospace Ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Technologies_Commercial_Space_Station" title="Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station">Orbital Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PD_AeroSpace" title="PD AeroSpace">PDAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwire" title="Redwire">Redwire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Adventures" title="Space Adventures">Space Adventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spaceship_Company" title="The Spaceship Company">The Spaceship Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAS_Space" title="CAS Space">CAS Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCA_Space_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="ARCA Space Corporation">ARCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Autonomous_Astronauts" title="Association of Autonomous Astronauts">Association of Autonomous Astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaute_Club_Europ%C3%A9en" title="Astronaute Club Européen">Astronaute Club Européen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Spaceflight_Federation" title="Commercial Spaceflight Federation">Commercial Spaceflight Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Suborbitals" title="Copenhagen Suborbitals">Copenhagen Suborbitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Frontier_Foundation" title="Space Frontier Foundation">Space Frontier Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Tourism_Society" title="Space Tourism Society">Space Tourism Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armadillo_Aerospace" title="Armadillo Aerospace">Armadillo Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Arrow" title="Canadian Arrow">Canadian Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Spike_Company" title="Golden Spike Company">Golden Spike Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MirCorp" class="mw-redirect" title="MirCorp">MirCorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Span" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion Span">Orion Span</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetSpace" title="PlanetSpace">PlanetSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RocketShip_Tours" title="RocketShip Tours">RocketShip Tours</a></li> <li>Space Island Group (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Island_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Island Project (page does not exist)">Space Island Project</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCOR_Aerospace" title="XCOR Aerospace">XCOR Aerospace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Denis Tito, Talgat Musabayev, and Yury Baturin"><img alt="Denis Tito, Talgat Musabayev, and Yury Baturin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg/140px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg/210px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg/280px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="1226" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Current <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Future <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShip_III" title="SpaceShip III">SpaceShip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Starliner" title="Boeing Starliner">Starliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Living in space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercialization_of_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercialization of space">Commercialization of space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Space colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_medicine" title="Space medicine">Space medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_settlement" title="Space settlement">Space settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">Space station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suborbital_spaceplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Suborbital spaceplane">Suborbital spaceplane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_competition" title="Space competition">Space competitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Space_Prize" title="America's Space Prize">America's Space Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansari_X_Prize" title="Ansari X Prize">Ansari X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_elevator_competitions" title="Space elevator competitions">Space elevator competitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space tourists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth" title="Mark Shuttleworth">Mark Shuttleworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Olsen" title="Gregory Olsen">Gregory Olsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari" title="Anousheh Ansari">Anousheh Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Simonyi" title="Charles Simonyi">Charles Simonyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Garriott" title="Richard Garriott">Richard Garriott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Lalibert%C3%A9" title="Guy Laliberté">Guy Laliberté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Daemen" title="Oliver Daemen">Oliver Daemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Isaacman" title="Jared Isaacman">Jared Isaacman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sian_Proctor" title="Sian Proctor">Sian Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayley_Arceneaux" title="Hayley Arceneaux">Hayley Arceneaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sembroski" title="Christopher Sembroski">Christopher Sembroski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusaku_Maezawa" title="Yusaku Maezawa">Yusaku Maezawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yozo_Hirano" title="Yozo Hirano">Yozo Hirano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Connor" title="Larry Connor">Larry Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pathy" title="Mark Pathy">Mark Pathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eytan_Stibbe" title="Eytan Stibbe">Eytan Stibbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shoffner" title="John Shoffner">John Shoffner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space tourism<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration4" title="Inspiration4">Inspiration4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-16" title="Blue Origin NS-16">Blue Origin NS-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-18" title="Blue Origin NS-18">Blue Origin NS-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-19" title="Blue Origin NS-19">Blue Origin NS-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-20" title="Blue Origin NS-20">Blue Origin NS-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-21" title="Blue Origin NS-21">Blue Origin NS-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-22" title="Blue Origin NS-22">Blue Origin NS-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_02" title="Galactic 02">Galactic 02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_03" title="Galactic 03">Galactic 03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_04" title="Galactic 04">Galactic 04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_05" title="Galactic 05">Galactic 05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_06" title="Galactic 06">Galactic 06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_1" title="Axiom Mission 1">Axiom-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_2" title="Axiom Mission 2">Axiom-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Dawn" title="Polaris Dawn">Polaris Dawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">dearMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Orbital_Segment" title="Axiom Orbital Segment">Axiom Orbital Segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_on_the_Moon" title="Tourism on the Moon">Tourism on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_on_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism on Mars">Tourism on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haven-1" title="Haven-1">Haven-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spaceflight" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spaceflight" title="Template:Spaceflight"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spaceflight" title="Template talk:Spaceflight"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spaceflight" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spaceflight"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spaceflight" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_mechanics" title="Orbital mechanics">Astrodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_spaceflight" title="History of spaceflight">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_spaceflight" title="Timeline of spaceflight">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spaceflight_records" title="List of spaceflight records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spaceflight-related_accidents_and_incidents" title="List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents">Accidents and incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_launch" title="Space launch">Space launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy" title="Space policy">Space policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_programme_of_Australia" title="Category:Space programme of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency_Science_Programme" title="European Space Agency Science Programme">European Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme" title="European Union Space Programme">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_space_program" title="Japanese space program">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_law" title="Space law">Space law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_Agreement" title="Rescue Agreement">Rescue Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Liability_Convention" title="Space Liability Convention">Space Liability Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registration_Convention" title="Registration Convention">Registration Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Treaty" title="Moon Treaty">Moon Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_command" title="Space command">Space command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarisation_of_space" title="Militarisation of space">Militarisation of space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">Private spaceflight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_space_science" title="Outline of space science">Applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_observation_satellite" title="Earth observation satellite">Earth observation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote sensing (archaeology)">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_imagery" title="Satellite imagery">Imagery and mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_satellite" title="Weather satellite">Weather and environment monitoring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Internet_access" title="Satellite Internet access">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">Satellite navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_use_of_space" title="Commercial use of space">Commercial use of space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_launch_market_competition" title="Space launch market competition">Space launch market competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_architecture" title="Space architecture">Space architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">Space exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_research" title="Space research">Space research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_technology" title="Space technology">Space technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_weather" title="Space weather">Space weather</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronaut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_astronaut" title="Commercial astronaut">commercial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-support_system" title="Life-support system">Life-support system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_space" title="Animals in space">Animals in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioastronautics" title="Bioastronautics">Bioastronautics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">Space suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">Extravehicular activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overview_effect" title="Overview effect">Overview effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlessness" title="Weightlessness">Weightlessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_toilet" title="Space toilet">Space toilet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Space tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Space colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_diving" title="Space diving">Space diving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_programme" title="Voskhod programme">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_programme" title="Soyuz programme">Soyuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–Mir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Manned_Space_Program" title="China Manned Space Program">Shenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_program" title="Tiangong program">Tiangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Health issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_spaceflight_on_the_human_body" title="Effect of spaceflight on the human body">Effect of spaceflight on the human body</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_adaptation_syndrome" title="Space adaptation syndrome">Space adaptation syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_threat_from_cosmic_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Health threat from cosmic rays">Health threat from cosmic rays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_psychology" title="Space psychology">Space psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_and_sociological_effects_of_spaceflight" title="Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight">Psychological and sociological effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_and_survival" title="Space and survival">Space and survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_medicine" title="Space medicine">Space medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_nursing" title="Space nursing">Space nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_sexology" title="Space sexology">Space sexology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">Space capsule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_module" title="Orbital module">Orbital module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reentry_capsule" title="Reentry capsule">Reentry capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_module" title="Service module">Service module</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">Spaceplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic spacecraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">Space probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lander (spacecraft)">Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)" title="Rover (space exploration)">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-replicating_spacecraft" title="Self-replicating spacecraft">Self-replicating spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">Space telescope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion" title="Spacecraft propulsion">Spacecraft propulsion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">Rocket engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_electric_propulsion" title="Spacecraft electric propulsion">Electric propulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_sail" title="Solar sail">Solar sail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">Gravity assist</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Destinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" title="Orbital spaceflight">Orbital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit" title="Geosynchronous orbit">Geosynchronous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_spaceflight" title="Interplanetary spaceflight">Interplanetary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_travel" title="Interstellar travel">Interstellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_travel" title="Intergalactic travel">Intergalactic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_launch" title="Space launch">Space launch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_ascent" title="Direct ascent">Direct ascent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">Escape velocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expendable_launch_system" title="Expendable launch system">Expendable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reusable_launch_vehicle" title="Reusable launch vehicle">reusable launch systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_pad" title="Launch pad">Launch pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-rocket_spacelaunch" title="Non-rocket spacelaunch">Non-rocket spacelaunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Spaceport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ground_segment" title="Ground segment">Ground segment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_controller" title="Flight controller">Flight controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_station" title="Ground station">Ground station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_pass" title="Orbital pass">Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_control_center" title="Mission control center">Mission control center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Spaceflight" title="Category:Spaceflight">Category</a></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourism" title="Template:Tourism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourism" title="Template talk:Tourism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_tourism" title="Category:Types of tourism">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessible_tourism" title="Accessible tourism">Accessible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_travel" title="Adventure travel">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agritourism" title="Agritourism">Agritourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_tourism" title="Alternative tourism">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_tourism" title="Atomic tourism">Atomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backpacking_(travel)" title="Backpacking (travel)">Backpacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beachgoing" title="Beachgoing">Beachgoing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">Bicycle touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_tourism" title="Birth tourism">Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_tourism" title="Business tourism">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_tourism" title="Culinary tourism">Culinary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enotourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Enotourism">Enotourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_tourism" title="Cultural tourism">Cultural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_tourism" title="Archaeological tourism">Archaeological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_tourism" title="Film tourism">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_tourism" title="Literary tourism">Literary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookstore_tourism" title="Bookstore tourism">Bookstore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_tourism" title="Tolkien tourism">Tolkien</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_tourism" title="Music tourism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-culture_tourism" title="Pop-culture tourism">Pop-culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_tourism" title="Dark tourism">Dark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_tourism" title="Disaster tourism">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_tourism" title="Holocaust tourism">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_tourism" title="War tourism">War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_tourism" title="Domestic tourism">Domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">Ecotourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shark_tourism" title="Shark tourism">Shark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experiential_travel" title="Experiential travel">Experiential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_tourism" title="Extreme tourism">Extreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_tourism" title="Fashion tourism">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_tourism" title="Garden tourism">Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_tourism" title="Genealogy tourism">Genealogy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_tourism" title="Heritage tourism">Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_tourism" title="Identity tourism">Identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotourism" title="Geotourism">Geotourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_tourism" title="Industrial tourism">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_tourism" title="International tourism">International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_volunteering" title="International volunteering">Volunteering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_tourism" title="Jungle tourism">Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_tourism" title="Justice tourism">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT tourism">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MICE_tourism" title="MICE tourism">MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_tourism" title="Nautical tourism">Nautical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphanage_tourism" title="Orphanage tourism">Orphanage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_tourism" title="Recreational drug tourism">Recreational drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_tourism" title="Red tourism">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_tourism" title="Religious tourism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tourism" title="Christian tourism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halal_tourism" title="Halal tourism">Halal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_tourism" title="Kosher tourism">Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_tourism" title="Rural tourism">Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_tourism" title="Science tourism">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_tourism" title="Sensory tourism">Sensory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum_tourism" title="Slum tourism">Slum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_tourism" title="Smart tourism">Smart</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_on_the_Moon" title="Tourism on the Moon">Lunar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_tourism" title="Sports tourism">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_tourism" title="Urban tourism">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_tour" title="Virtual tour">Virtual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visiting_friends_and_relatives" title="Visiting friends and relatives">Visiting friends and relatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellness_tourism" title="Wellness tourism">Wellness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_tourism" title="Wildlife tourism">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_tourism" title="Scuba diving tourism">Scuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_tourism" title="Yoga tourism">Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">Hospitality industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast" title="Bed and breakfast">Bed and breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutique_hotel" title="Boutique hotel">Boutique hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_center" title="Convention center">Convention center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">Cruise ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_spa" title="Destination spa">Destination spa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptionist" title="Receptionist">Front desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_house" title="Guest house">Guest house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_ranch" title="Guest ranch">Guest ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuhotel" title="Heuhotel">Heuhotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestay" title="Homestay">Homestay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_management_studies" title="Hospitality management studies">Hospitality management studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">Hostel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">Hotel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_manager" title="Hotel manager">Manager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inn" title="Inn">Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motel" title="Motel">Motel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_(lodging)" title="Pension (lodging)">Pension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referral_chain" title="Referral chain">Referral chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort" title="Resort">Resort</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resort_hotel" title="Resort hotel">Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort_island" title="Resort island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">Seaside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">Ski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort_town" title="Resort town">Town</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">Restaurant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_tour" title="College tour">College tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_(meeting)" title="Convention (meeting)">Convention (meeting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_marketing_organization" title="Destination marketing organization">Destination marketing organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escorted_tour" title="Escorted tour">Escorted tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excursion" title="Excursion">Excursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factory_tour" title="Factory tour">Factory tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_shop" title="Gift shop">Gift shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon" title="Honeymoon">Honeymoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermobility_(travel)" title="Hypermobility (travel)">Hypermobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_planner" title="Journey planner">Journey planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_tour" title="Package tour">Package tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_traveler" title="Perpetual traveler">Perpetual traveler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_trip" title="Road trip">Road trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadside_attraction" title="Roadside attraction">Roadside attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvenir" title="Souvenir">Souvenir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staycation" title="Staycation">Staycation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_bus_service" title="Tour bus service">Tour bus service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_guide" title="Tour guide">Tour guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_operator" title="Tour operator">Tour operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_geography" title="Tourism geography">Tourism geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_minister" title="Tourism minister">Tourism minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_region" title="Tourism region">Tourism region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_attraction" title="Tourist attraction">Tourist attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_gateway" title="Tourist gateway">Tourist gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_trap" title="Tourist trap">Tourist trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touron" title="Touron">Touron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel" title="Travel">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_agency" title="Travel agency">Travel agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_behavior" title="Travel behavior">Travel behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_document" title="Travel document">Travel document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_insurance" title="Travel insurance">Travel insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_medicine" title="Travel medicine">Travel medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_survey" title="Travel survey">Travel survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_technology" title="Travel technology">Travel technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_warning" title="Travel warning">Travel warning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_website" title="Travel website">Travel website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacation" title="Vacation">Vacation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitor_center" title="Visitor center">Visitor center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">Travel literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guide_book" title="Guide book">Guide book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_literature" title="Outdoor literature">Outdoor literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourism_journals" title="List of tourism journals">Tourism journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_travel_magazines" title="List of travel magazines">Travel magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">Trade associations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Bus_Association" title="American Bus Association">American Bus Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Hotel_and_Lodging_Association" title="American Hotel and Lodging Association">American Hotel and Lodging Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Hotel_%26_Lodging_Educational_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute">American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BEST_Education_Network" title="BEST Education Network">BEST Education Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Tourism_Organization" title="Caribbean Tourism Organization">Caribbean Tourism Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Travel_Commission" title="European Travel Commission">European Travel Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Archive_on_Tourism" title="Historical Archive on Tourism">Historical Archive on Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Beyond_Tourism" title="Life Beyond Tourism">Life Beyond Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musement" title="Musement">Musement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia_Travel_Association" title="Pacific Asia Travel Association">Pacific Asia Travel Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_Tourism_Organisation" title="South-East Asian Tourism Organisation">South-East Asian Tourism Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_Radio" title="Tourism Radio">Tourism Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_and_Tourism_Competitiveness_Report" title="Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report">Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIJET" title="FIJET">World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_rankings" title="World Tourism rankings">World Tourism rankings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Travel_and_Tourism_Council" title="World Travel and Tourism Council">World Travel and Tourism Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Travel_Monitor" title="World Travel Monitor">World Travel Monitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">Trade fairs</a> and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akwaaba_African_Travel_Market" title="Akwaaba African Travel Market">Akwaaba African Travel Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Travel_Market" title="Arabian Travel Market">Arabian Travel Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_of_the_Kings" title="Cruise of the Kings">Cruise of the Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_del_Viaggio" title="Festival del Viaggio">Festival del Viaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFEMA" title="IFEMA">FITUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITB_Berlin" title="ITB Berlin">ITB Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Day" title="World Tourism Day">World Tourism Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_commodification" title="Heritage commodification">Heritage commodification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_tourism" title="Impacts of tourism">Impacts of tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leakage_effect" title="Leakage effect">Leakage effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtourism" title="Overtourism">Overtourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_improvement_district" title="Tourism improvement district">Tourism improvement district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_tax" title="Tourist tax">Tourist tax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectival_tourisms" title="List of adjectival tourisms">Adjectival tourisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_tourist_attractions" title="Lists of tourist attractions">Attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_tourism" title="Bibliography of tourism">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_casino_hotels" title="List of casino hotels">Casino hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_casinos" title="List of casinos">Casinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_international_visitors" title="List of cities by international visitors">Cities by international visitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_convention_and_exhibition_centers" title="List of convention and exhibition centers">Convention and exhibition centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cruise_lines" title="List of cruise lines">Cruise lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lists_of_hotels" title="List of lists of hotels">Hotels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_hotels" title="List of largest hotels">Largest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_motels" title="List of motels">Motels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_passenger_airlines" title="List of passenger airlines">Passenger airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">World Heritage Sites by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tourism" title="Category:Tourism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tourism">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Travel_and_Tourism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Travel and Tourism">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="..._in_space" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;;background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:In_space" title="Template:In space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:In_space" title="Template talk:In space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:In_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:In space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="..._in_space" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_in_space" title="List of topics in space">... in space</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%;background:">Biology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_presence_in_space" title="Human presence in space">Human</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_spaceflight_on_the_human_body" title="Effect of spaceflight on the human body">The human body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronautical_hygiene" title="Astronautical hygiene">Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomotion_in_space" title="Locomotion in space">Locomotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_medicine" title="Space medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_in_space" title="Neuroscience in space">Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_psychology" title="Space psychology">Psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_and_sociological_effects_of_spaceflight" title="Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight">Psychological and sociological effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_in_space" title="Sleep in space">Sleep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_space" title="Animals in space">Animals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licette" title="Félicette">Cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_(cockroach)" title="Nadezhda (cockroach)">Cockroaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs" title="Soviet space dogs">Dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Frog_Otolith" title="Orbiting Frog Otolith">Frogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_flies_in_space" title="Fruit flies in space">Fruit flies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">Tortoises</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Extraterrestrial life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microorganisms_tested_in_outer_space" title="List of microorganisms tested in outer space">Microorganisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_in_space" title="Plants in space">Plants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotany" title="Astrobotany">Astrobotany</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurora-SpaceShuttle-EO.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="STS-39 in Earth orbit"><img alt="STS-39 in Earth orbit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aurora-SpaceShuttle-EO.jpg/140px-Aurora-SpaceShuttle-EO.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aurora-SpaceShuttle-EO.jpg/210px-Aurora-SpaceShuttle-EO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aurora-SpaceShuttle-EO.jpg/280px-Aurora-SpaceShuttle-EO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1782" data-file-height="1173" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%;background:"><a href="/wiki/Space_environment" title="Space environment">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_climate" title="Space climate">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrosion_in_space" title="Corrosion in space">Corrosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_debris" title="Space debris">Debris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere" title="Magnetosphere">Magnetosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_weather" title="Space weather">Weather</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_weathering" title="Space weathering">Weathering</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%;background:">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_advertising" title="Space advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_spaceflight" title="Alcohol and spaceflight">Alcohol</a></li> <li>Archaeology <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote sensing (archaeology)">of Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_archaeology" title="Space archaeology">of items in space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_art#Art_in_space" title="Space art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_burial" title="Space burial">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-based_economy" title="Space-based economy">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_trade" title="Space trade">Trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_ethics" title="Space ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_food" title="Space food">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_law" title="Space law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_space" title="Music in space">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_space" title="Religion in space">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_on_the_International_Space_Station" title="Christmas on the International Space Station">Christmas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_selfie" title="Space selfie">Selfies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_space" title="Voting in space">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_space" title="Women in space">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%;background:"><a href="/wiki/Space_technology" title="Space technology">Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spaceflight-related_accidents_and_incidents" title="List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents">Accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_architecture" title="Space architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_farming" title="Space farming">Farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_food" title="Space food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Cola_Wars" title="Space Cola Wars">Carbonated drinks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_toilet" title="Space toilet">Toilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writing_in_space" title="Writing in space">Writing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_logistics" title="Space logistics">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_manufacturing" title="Space manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">Mining</a></li> <li>Power <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batteries_in_space" title="Batteries in space">Batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_space" title="Nuclear power in space">Nuclear</a></li> <li>Solar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-based_solar_power" title="Space-based solar power">for Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft" title="Solar panels on spacecraft">for spacecraft</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-based_radar" title="Space-based radar">Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">Telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_weapon" title="Space weapon">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49390#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2001010959">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14406549k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14406549k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574084">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810575591705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563981005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&oldid=1254813731">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&oldid=1254813731</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_tourism" title="Category:Space tourism">Space tourism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_tourists" title="Category:Space tourists">Space tourists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_inventions" title="Category:American inventions">American inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_inventions" title="Category:Russian inventions">Russian inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_tourism" title="Category:Types of tourism">Types of tourism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2001_introductions" title="Category:2001 introductions">2001 introductions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_September_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from September 2023">Use mdy dates from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_October_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2021">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 November 2024, at 20:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-f7rzp","wgBackendResponseTime":177,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.962","walltime":"2.277","ppvisitednodes":{"value":28035,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":471281,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":22113,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":523447,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1878.629 1 -total"," 38.65% 726.084 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.52% 291.595 69 Template:Cite_web"," 14.30% 268.587 94 Template:Flagicon"," 9.50% 178.544 3 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 9.34% 175.423 40 Template:Cite_news"," 8.32% 156.289 14 Template:Unbulleted_list"," 6.42% 120.516 1 Template:Spaceflight_sidebar"," 5.16% 96.922 5 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.48% 84.239 10 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.959","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11407589,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zcwrk","timestamp":"20241122141605","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Space tourism","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_tourism","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q49390","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q49390","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-05T06:12:19Z","dateModified":"2024-11-01T20:30:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d7\/The_Soyuz_MS-20_crew_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"space travel for recreational purposes"}</script> </body> </html>