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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_fiction_television_economics_and_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Science fiction television economics and distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_fiction_television_economics_and_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_fandom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_fandom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Media fandom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_fandom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_fiction_television_history_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_fiction_television_history_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Science fiction television history and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Science_fiction_television_history_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Science fiction television history and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Science_fiction_television_history_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._television_science_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._television_science_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>U.S. television science fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._television_science_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_television_science_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_television_science_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>British television science fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_television_science_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canadian_science_fiction_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_science_fiction_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Canadian science fiction television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_science_fiction_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_science_fiction_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_science_fiction_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Australian science fiction television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_science_fiction_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_television_science_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_television_science_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Japanese television science fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_television_science_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continental_European_science_fiction_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continental_European_science_fiction_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Continental European science fiction series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continental_European_science_fiction_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-German_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>German series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Danish_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danish_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2</span> <span>Danish series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danish_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.3</span> <span>Dutch series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.4</span> <span>Italian series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.5</span> <span>French series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.6</span> <span>Spanish series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_European_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_European_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.7</span> <span>Eastern European series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_European_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_creative_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_creative_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Significant creative influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_creative_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="خيال علمي في التلفزيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خيال علمي في التلفزيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-Fiction_im_Fernsehen" title="Science-Fiction im Fernsehen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Science-Fiction im Fernsehen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia_ficci%C3%B3n_en_la_televisi%C3%B3n" title="Ciencia ficción en la televisión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciencia ficción en la televisión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="علمی تخیلی در تلویزیون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علمی تخیلی در تلویزیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rie_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e_de_science-fiction" title="Série télévisée de science-fiction – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Série télévisée de science-fiction" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SF_%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88" title="SF 드라마 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SF 드라마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SF%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E" title="SFドラマ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SFドラマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86" title="خەیاڵی زانستی لەسەر تەلەڤیزیۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەیاڵی زانستی لەسەر تەلەڤیزیۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fiction_na_televiziji" title="Science fiction na televiziji – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Science fiction na televiziji" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fiction-TV-serier" title="Science fiction-TV-serier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Science fiction-TV-serier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="தொலைக்காட்சியில் அறிவியல் புனைவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொலைக்காட்சியில் அறிவியல் புனைவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televizyonda_bilimkurgu" title="Televizyonda bilimkurgu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Televizyonda bilimkurgu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="科幻電視作品 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科幻電視作品" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q336059#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Speculative_fiction_portal_logo_small_transparent.png/300px-Speculative_fiction_portal_logo_small_transparent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Speculative_fiction_portal_logo_small_transparent.png 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alternate_history_fiction" title="List of alternate history fiction">List of alternate history fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History" title="Sidewise Award for Alternate History">Sidewise Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternate_history_writers" title="Category:Alternate history writers">Writers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy fiction</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_anime" title="List of fantasy anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fandom" title="Fantasy fandom">Fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantasy art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fiction_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy fiction magazine">Fiction magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_genres" title="List of writing genres">Genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fantasy" title="History of fantasy">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_fantasy" title="Early history of fantasy">Early history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_podcast" title="Fantasy podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest" title="Quest">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superheroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_television" title="Fantasy television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_world" title="Fantasy world">Worlds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_authors" title="List of fantasy authors">Writers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_anime_and_manga" title="Category:Science fiction anime and manga">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_artists" title="Category:Science fiction artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_science_fiction#Science_fiction_awards" title="Outline of science fiction">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_editors" title="List of science fiction editors">Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Fandom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-fiction_fanzine" title="Science-fiction fanzine">Fanzine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">Fiction magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_science_fiction#Genres_of_science_fiction" title="Outline of science fiction">Genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_science_fiction" title="Timeline of science fiction">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_organizations" title="Category:Science fiction organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_podcast" title="Science fiction podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Film</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">Themes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction authors">Writers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Horror_anime_and_manga" title="Category:Horror anime and manga">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Horror_fiction_awards" title="Category:Horror fiction awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_convention" title="Horror convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction_magazine" title="Horror fiction magazine">Fiction magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_horror_films" title="History of horror films">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Horror_genres" title="Category:Horror genres">Genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_podcast" title="Horror podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_television_programs" title="List of horror television programs">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_fiction_writers" title="List of horror fiction writers">Writers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Miscellaneous</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_universe" title="Fictional universe">Fictional universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_species" title="Lists of fictional species">Fictional species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_speculative_fiction_writers" title="List of Japanese speculative fiction writers">List of Japanese SF writers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Fantasy" title="The Encyclopedia of Fantasy">The Encyclopedia of Fantasy</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon-149393.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/15px-Dragon-149393.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/23px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/31px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction">Portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Speculative_fiction_sidebar" title="Template:Speculative fiction sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Speculative_fiction_sidebar" title="Template talk:Speculative fiction sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Speculative_fiction_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Speculative fiction sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a> first appeared in <a href="/wiki/Television_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Television program">television programming</a> in the late 1930s, during what is called the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age of Science Fiction</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Special effects">Special effects</a> and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visual_production_process_and_methods">Visual production process and methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Visual production process and methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The need to portray imaginary settings or characters with properties and abilities beyond the reach of current reality obliges producers to make extensive use of specialized techniques of television production. </p><p>Through most of the 20th century, many of these techniques were expensive and involved a small number of dedicated craft practitioners, while the reusability of props, models, effects, or animation techniques made it easier to keep using them. The combination of high initial cost and lower maintenance cost pushed producers into building these techniques into the basic concept of a series, influencing all the artistic choices. </p><p>By the late 1990s, improved technology and more training and cross-training within the industry made all of these techniques easier to use, so that directors of individual episodes could make decisions to use one or more methods, so such artistic choices no longer needed to be baked into the series concept. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_effects">Special effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Special effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special effect</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magicam-patent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Magicam-patent.png/220px-Magicam-patent.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Magicam-patent.png/330px-Magicam-patent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Magicam-patent.png/440px-Magicam-patent.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>For the series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Starlost" title="The Starlost">The Starlost</a></i>, the Magicam, a servo controlled dolly along with a secondary periscope camera filming a model background, was designed by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Trumbull" title="Douglas Trumbull">Douglas Trumbull</a>. However, the system did not work reliably and <a href="/wiki/Chroma_key" title="Chroma key">blue screen</a> effects were used.<sup id="cite_ref-sf_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sf-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>Special effects (or "SPFX") have been an essential tool throughout the history of science fiction on television: small explosives to simulate the effects of various <a href="/wiki/Raygun" title="Raygun">rayguns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bullet_hit_squib" title="Bullet hit squib">squibs</a> of blood and gruesome prosthetics to simulate the monsters and victims in horror series, and the <a href="/wiki/Wire-flying" title="Wire-flying">wire-flying</a> entrances and exits of <a href="/wiki/George_Reeves" title="George Reeves">George Reeves</a> as <a href="/wiki/Adventures_of_Superman_(TV_series)" title="Adventures of Superman (TV series)">Superman</a>. </p><p>The broad term "special effects" includes all the techniques here, but more commonly there are two categories of effects. <a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual effects</a> ("VFX") involve photographic or digital manipulation of the onscreen image, usually done in <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">post-production</a>. Mechanical or <a href="/wiki/Physical_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical effects">physical effects</a> involve props, pyrotechnics, and other physical methods used during <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">principal photography</a> itself. Some effects involved a combination of techniques; a ray gun might require a pyrotechnic during filming, and then an optical glowing line added to the film image in post-production. <a href="/wiki/Stunt" title="Stunt">Stunts</a> are another important category of physical effects. In general, all kinds of special effects must be carefully planned during <a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">pre-production</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer-generated_imagery">Computer-generated imagery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Computer-generated imagery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">Computer-generated imagery</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a></i> was the first series to use <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a>, or "CGI", for all exterior space scenes, even those with characters in space suits. The technology has made this more practical, so that today models are rarely used. In the 1990s, CGI required expensive processors and customized applications, but by the 2000s (decade), computing power has pushed capabilities down to personal laptops running a wide array of software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Models_and_puppets">Models and puppets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Models and puppets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">Scale model</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puppet" title="Puppet">Puppet</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">Models</a> have been an essential tool in science fiction television since the beginning, when <a href="/wiki/Buck_Rogers" title="Buck Rogers">Buck Rogers</a> took flight in spark-scattering spaceships wheeling across a matte backdrop sky. The original <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i> required a staggering array of models; the <a href="/wiki/Starship_Enterprise" title="Starship Enterprise">USS <i>Enterprise</i></a> had to be built in several different scales for different needs. Models fell out of use in filming in the 1990s as CGI became more affordable and practical, but even today, designers sometimes construct scale models which are then digitized for use in animation software. </p><p>Models of characters are <a href="/wiki/Puppet" title="Puppet">puppets</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Anderson" title="Gerry Anderson">Gerry Anderson</a> created a series of shows using puppets living in a universe of models and miniature sets, notably <i><a href="/wiki/Thunderbirds_(TV_series)" title="Thunderbirds (TV series)">Thunderbirds</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/ALF_(TV_series)" title="ALF (TV series)">ALF</a></i> depicted an alien living in a family, while <i><a href="/wiki/Farscape" title="Farscape">Farscape</a></i> included two puppets as regular characters. In <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_SG-1" title="Stargate SG-1">Stargate SG-1</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Asgard_(Stargate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asgard (Stargate)">Asgard</a> characters are puppets in scenes where they are sitting, standing, or lying down. In <i><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Science_Theater_3000" title="Mystery Science Theater 3000">Mystery Science Theater 3000</a></i>, the characters of <a href="/wiki/Crow_T._Robot" title="Crow T. Robot">Crow T. Robot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Servo" title="Tom Servo">Tom Servo</a>, two of the show's main (and most iconic) characters, are puppets constructed from random household items. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animation">Animation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Animation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuha2053108.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kuha2053108.JPG/220px-Kuha2053108.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kuha2053108.JPG/330px-Kuha2053108.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kuha2053108.JPG/440px-Kuha2053108.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Robot characters from the Japanese science fiction television series <i><a href="/wiki/Ganbare!!_Robocon" title="Ganbare!! Robocon">Ganbare!! Robocon</a></i> were used to decorate this train car.</figcaption></figure> <p>As animation is completely free of the constraints of gravity, momentum, and physical reality, it is an ideal technique for science fiction and fantasy on television. In a sense, virtually all animated series allow characters and objects to perform in unrealistic ways, so they are almost all considered to fit within the broadest category of <a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">speculative fiction</a> (in the context of awards, criticism, marketing, etc.) The artistic affinity of animation to <a href="/wiki/Comic_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Comic books">comic books</a> has led to a large amount of <a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">superhero</a>-themed animation, much of this adapted from comics series, while the impossible characters and settings allowed in animation made this a preferred medium for both <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> and for series aimed at young audiences. </p><p>Originally, animation was all hand-drawn by artists, though in the 1980s, beginning with <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Power">Captain Power</a></i>, computers began to automate the task of creating repeated images; by the 1990s, hand-drawn animation became defunct. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animation_in_live-action">Animation in live-action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Animation in live-action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In recent years as technology has improved, this has become more common, notably since the development of the Massive software application permits producers to include hordes of non-human characters to storm a city or space station. The robotic <a href="/wiki/Cylon_(reimagining)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylon (reimagining)">Cylons</a> in the new version of <i><a href="/wiki/Battlestar_Galactica_(2004_TV_series)" title="Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)">Battlestar Galactica</a></i> are usually animated characters, while the <a href="/wiki/Asgard_(Stargate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asgard (Stargate)">Asgard</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_SG-1" title="Stargate SG-1">Stargate SG-1</a></i> are animated when they are shown walking around or more than one is on screen at once. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_fiction_television_economics_and_distribution">Science fiction television economics and distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Science fiction television economics and distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In general, science fiction series are subject to the same financial constraints as other television shows. However, high production costs increase the financial risk, while limited audiences further complicate the business case for continuing production. <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i> was the first television series to cost more than $100,000 per episode, while <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i> was the first to cost more than $1 million per episode.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_fandom">Media fandom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Media fandom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_fandom" class="mw-redirect" title="Media fandom">Media fandom</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">science fiction fandom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trekkie" title="Trekkie">Trekkie</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_Trek_Federation_Officers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Star_Trek_Federation_Officers.jpg/250px-Star_Trek_Federation_Officers.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Star_Trek_Federation_Officers.jpg/375px-Star_Trek_Federation_Officers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Star_Trek_Federation_Officers.jpg/500px-Star_Trek_Federation_Officers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Fans at a science fiction convention dressed as characters from <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>One of the earliest forms of media fandom was <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_fandom" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Trek fandom">Star Trek fandom</a>. Fans of the series became known to each other through the <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">science fiction fandom</a>. In 1968, <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> decided to cancel <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Bjo_Trimble" title="Bjo Trimble">Bjo Trimble</a> wrote letters to contacts in the National Fantasy Fan Foundation, asking people to organize their local friends to write to the network to demand the show remain on the air. Network executives were overwhelmed by an unprecedented wave of correspondence, and they kept the show on the air. Although the series continued to receive low ratings and was canceled a year later, the enduring popularity of the series resulted in <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a> creating a set of movies, and then a new series <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i>, which by the early 1990s had become one of the most popular dramas on American television. </p><p><i>Star Trek</i> fans continued to grow in number, and first began organizing conventions in the 1970s. No other show attracted a large organized following until the 1990s, when <i><a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a></i> attracted both <i>Star Trek</i> fans and a large number of literary SF fans who previously had not been involved in media fandom. Other series began to attract a growing number of followers. The British series, <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, has similarly attracted a devoted following. </p><p>In the late 1990s, a market for celebrity autographs emerged on <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>, which created a new source of income for actors, who began to charge money for autographs that they had previously been doing for free. This became significant enough that lesser-known actors would come to conventions without requesting any appearance fee, simply to be allowed to sell their own autographs (commonly on publicity photos). Today most events with actor appearances are organized by commercial promoters, though a number of fan-run conventions still exist, such as <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Trek" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Trek">Toronto Trek</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shore_Leave_(convention)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shore Leave (convention) (page does not exist)">Shore Leave</a>. </p><p>The 1985 series <i><a href="/wiki/Robotech" title="Robotech">Robotech</a></i> is most often credited as the catalyst for the Western interest in anime. The series inspired a few fanzines such as <i>Protoculture Addicts</i> and <i>Animag</i> both of which in turn promoted interest in the wide world of anime in general. Anime's first notable appearance at SF or comic book conventions was in the form of video showings of popular anime, untranslated and often low quality VHS bootlegs. Starting in the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> fans began organizing conventions. These quickly grew to sizes much larger than other science fiction and media conventions in the same communities; many cities now have anime conventions attracting five to ten thousand attendees. Many anime conventions are a hybrid between non-profit and commercial events, with volunteer organizers handling large revenue streams and dealing with commercial suppliers and professional marketing campaigns. </p><p>For decades, the majority of science fiction media fandom has been represented by males of all ages and for most of its modern existence, a fairly diverse racial demographic. The most highly publicized demographic for science fiction fans is the male adolescent; roughly the same demographic for American <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic books</a>. Female fans, while always present, were far fewer in number and less conspicuously present in fandom. With the rising popularity of fanzines, female fans became increasingly vocal. Starting in the 2000s (decade), genre series began to offer more prominent female characters. Many series featured women as the main characters with males as supporting characters. <i><a href="/wiki/True_Blood" title="True Blood">True Blood</a></i> is an example. Also, such shows premises moved away from heroic <a href="/wiki/Action_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Action (fiction)">action-adventure</a> and focused more on characters and their relationships. This has caused the rising popularity of <a href="/wiki/Fanfiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanfiction">fanfiction</a>, a large majority of which is categorized as <a href="/wiki/Slash_fanfiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Slash fanfiction">slash fanfiction</a>. Female fans comprise the majority of fanfiction writers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_fiction_television_history_and_culture">Science fiction television history and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Science fiction television history and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._television_science_fiction">U.S. television science fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: U.S. television science fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/U.S._television_science_fiction" title="U.S. television science fiction">U.S. television science fiction</a></div> <p>U.S. television science fiction has produced <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Space" title="Lost in Space">Lost In Space</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a>,</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a></i>, among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_television_science_fiction">British television science fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: British television science fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_television_science_fiction" title="British television science fiction">British television science fiction</a></div> <p><b>British television science fiction</b> began in 1938 when the broadcast medium was in its infancy with the transmission of a partial adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Karel_%C4%8Capek" title="Karel Čapek">Karel Čapek</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/R.U.R." title="R.U.R.">R.U.R.</a></i>. Despite an occasionally chequered history, programmes in the genre have been produced by both the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and the largest commercial channel, <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Kneale" title="Nigel Kneale">Nigel Kneale</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Quatermass_Experiment" title="The Quatermass Experiment">The Quatermass Experiment</a></i> (1953) and its sequels have been called "one of BBC Television's earliest audience successes" and Kneale became "one of the most influential television and film writers to emerge in the 1950s".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, which launched in 1963 and ran until 1989, then was revived in 2005, was listed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i> in 2006 as the longest-running <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> television show in the world<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as the "most successful" science fiction series of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other cult British series in the science fiction genre include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tomorrow_People" title="The Tomorrow People">The Tomorrow People</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Space:_1999" title="Space: 1999">Space: 1999</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Blake%27s_7" title="Blake's 7">Blake's 7</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Cops" title="Star Cops">Star Cops</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Dwarf" title="Red Dwarf">Red Dwarf</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_science_fiction_television">Canadian science fiction television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Canadian science fiction television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction_television" title="Canadian science fiction television">Canadian science fiction television</a></div> <p>Science fiction in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> was produced by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> as early as the 1950s. In the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a> produced <i><a href="/wiki/The_Starlost" title="The Starlost">The Starlost</a></i>. In the 1980s, Canadian animation studios including <a href="/wiki/Nelvana" title="Nelvana">Nelvana</a>, began producing a growing proportion of the world market in animation. </p><p>In the 1990s, Canada became an important player in live action speculative fiction on television, with dozens of series like <i><a href="/wiki/Forever_Knight" title="Forever Knight">Forever Knight</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Robocop:_The_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Robocop: The Series">Robocop</a></i>, and most notably <i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_SG-1" title="Stargate SG-1">Stargate SG-1</a></i>. Many series have been produced for youth and children's markets, including <i><a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Black" title="Deepwater Black">Deepwater Black</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/MythQuest" title="MythQuest">MythQuest</a></i>. </p><p>In the first decade of the 21st century, changes in provincial tax legislation prompted many production companies to move from Toronto to <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>. Recent popular series produced in Vancouver include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dead_Zone_(TV_series)" title="The Dead Zone (TV series)">The Dead Zone</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Smallville" title="Smallville">Smallville</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(TV_series)" title="Andromeda (TV series)">Andromeda</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis" title="Stargate Atlantis">Stargate Atlantis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_Universe" title="Stargate Universe">Stargate Universe</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_4400" title="The 4400">The 4400</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_(Canadian_TV_series)" title="Sanctuary (Canadian TV series)">Sanctuary</a></i> and the reimagined <i><a href="/wiki/Battlestar_Galactica_(2004_TV_series)" title="Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)">Battlestar Galactica</a></i>. </p><p>Because of the small size of the domestic television market, most Canadian productions involve partnerships with production studios based in the United States and Europe. However, in recent years, new partnership arrangements are allowing Canadian investors a growing share of control of projects produced in Canada and elsewhere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_science_fiction_television">Australian science fiction television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Australian science fiction television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction_television" title="Australian science fiction television">Australian science fiction television</a></div> <p>Australia's first locally produced Science Fiction series was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stranger_(Australian_TV_series)" title="The Stranger (Australian TV series)">The Stranger</a></i> (1964–65) produced and screened by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a> . Later series made in the 1960s included <i><a href="/wiki/The_Interpretaris" title="The Interpretaris">The Interpretaris</a></i> (1966) <i><a href="/wiki/Vega_4_(TV_series)" title="Vega 4 (TV series)">Vega 4</a></i> (1967), and <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Five" title="Phoenix Five">Phoenix Five</a></i> (1970). The country's best known Science Fiction series was <i><a href="/wiki/Farscape" title="Farscape">Farscape</a></i>; an American co-production, it ran from 1999 to 2003. A significant proportion of Australian produced Science Fiction programmes are made for the teens/young Adults market, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_Tomorrow" title="The Girl from Tomorrow">The Girl from Tomorrow</a></i>, the long-running <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Squiggle" title="Mr. Squiggle">Mr. Squiggle</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Halfway_Across_the_Galaxy_and_Turn_Left" title="Halfway Across the Galaxy and Turn Left">Halfway Across the Galaxy and Turn Left</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Girl" title="Ocean Girl">Ocean Girl</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Crash_Zone" title="Crash Zone">Crash Zone</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Watch_This_Space" title="Watch This Space">Watch This Space</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spellbinder_(TV_series)" title="Spellbinder (TV series)">Spellbinder</a></i>. </p><p>Other series like <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Trax" title="Time Trax">Time Trax</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roar_(1997_TV_series)" title="Roar (1997 TV series)">Roar</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Space:_Above_and_Beyond" title="Space: Above and Beyond">Space: Above and Beyond</a></i> were filmed in Australia, but used mostly US crew and actors.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_television_science_fiction">Japanese television science fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Japanese television science fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_anime" title="History of anime">History of anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></div> <p>Japan has a long history of producing science fiction series for television. Some of the most famous are <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Tezuka" title="Osamu Tezuka">Osamu Tezuka</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Astro_Boy" title="Astro Boy">Astro Boy</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Super_Robot" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Robot">Super Robots</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Mitsuteru_Yokoyama" title="Mitsuteru Yokoyama">Mitsuteru Yokoyama</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tetsujin_28-go" title="Tetsujin 28-go">Tetsujin 28-go</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Gigantor" title="Gigantor">Gigantor</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Go_Nagai" title="Go Nagai">Go Nagai</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mazinger_Z" title="Mazinger Z">Mazinger Z</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Real_Robot" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Robot">Real Robots</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Yoshiyuki_Tomino" title="Yoshiyuki Tomino">Yoshiyuki Tomino</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Gundam" title="Gundam">Gundam</a></i> series and <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dji_Kawamori" title="Shōji Kawamori">Shōji Kawamori</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Macross" title="Macross">Macross</a></i> series. </p><p>Other primary aspects of Japanese science fiction television are the <a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">superhero</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">tokusatsu</a></i> (a term literally meaning <a href="/wiki/Special_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Special effects">special effects</a>) series, pioneered by programs such as <i><a href="/wiki/Moonlight_Mask" title="Moonlight Mask">Moonlight Mask</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Prince" title="Planet Prince">Planet Prince</a></i>. The <a href="/wiki/Suitmation" class="mw-redirect" title="Suitmation">suitmation</a> technique has been used in long running franchises include <a href="/wiki/Eiji_Tsuburaya" title="Eiji Tsuburaya">Eiji Tsuburaya</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ultra_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra Series">Ultra Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shotaro_Ishinomori" title="Shotaro Ishinomori">Shotaro Ishinomori</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamen Rider Series">Kamen Rider Series</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Super_Sentai" title="Super Sentai">Super Sentai</a> Series. </p><p>In addition, several <a href="/wiki/Japanese_television_drama" title="Japanese television drama">dramas</a> utilize science fiction elements as framing devices, but are not labeled as "tokusatsu" as they do not utilize actors in full body suits and other special effects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continental_European_science_fiction_series">Continental European science fiction series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Continental European science fiction series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="German_series">German series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: German series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the notable German language productions are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raumpatrouille_%E2%80%93_Die_phantastischen_Abenteuer_des_Raumschiffes_Orion" title="Raumpatrouille – Die phantastischen Abenteuer des Raumschiffes Orion">Raumpatrouille</a>, a German series first broadcast in 1966,</li> <li>The miniseries <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Blaue_Palais" title="Das Blaue Palais">Das Blaue Palais</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Erler" title="Rainer Erler">Rainer Erler</a>,</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Maidens" title="Star Maidens">Star Maidens</a></i> (1975, aka "Medusa" or "Die Mädchen aus dem Weltraum") was a British-German coproduction of pure SF.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Androj%C3%A4ger" title="Der Androjäger">Der Androjäger</a></i> (1982/83) was a sci-fi comedy produced by Bavaraia Filmstudios in cooperation with Norddeutscher Rundfunk.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lexx" title="Lexx">Lexx</a></i>, a German-Canadian co-production from 2000.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Danish_series">Danish series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Danish series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Danish television broadcast the children's TV-series <i><a href="/wiki/Crash_(1984_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crash (1984 TV series)">Crash</a></i> in 1984 about a boy who finds out that his room is a space ship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dutch_series">Dutch series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Dutch series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early Dutch television series were <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgen_gebeurt_het&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morgen gebeurt het (page does not exist)">Morgen gebeurt het</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgen_gebeurt_het" class="extiw" title="nl:Morgen gebeurt het">nl</a>]</span></i> (Tomorrow it will happen), broadcast from 1957 to 1959, about a group of Dutch space explorers and their adventures, <i>De duivelsgrot</i> (The devil's cave), broadcast from 1963 to 1964, about a scientist who finds the map of a cave that leads to the center of the Earth and <i>Treinreis naar de Toekomst</i> (Train journey to the future) about two young children who are taken to the future by robots who try to recreate humanity, but are unable to give the cloned humans a soul. All three of these television series were aimed mostly at children. </p><p>Later television series were <i>Professor Vreemdeling</i> (1977) about a strange professor who wants to make plants speak and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeeuws_Meisje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeeuws Meisje (page does not exist)">Zeeuws Meisje</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeeuws_Meisje_(televisie)" class="extiw" title="nl:Zeeuws Meisje (televisie)">nl</a>]</span></i> (1997) a nationalistic post-apocalyptic series where the Netherlands has been built full of housing and the highways are filled with traffic jams. The protagonist, a female superhero, wears traditional folkloric clothes and tries to save traditional elements of Dutch society against the factory owners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italian_series">Italian series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Italian series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Italian TV shows include <i><a href="/wiki/A_come_Andromeda" title="A come Andromeda">A come Andromeda</a></i> (1972) which was a remake of 1962 <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> serial, <i><a href="/wiki/A_for_Andromeda" title="A for Andromeda">A for Andromeda</a></i> (from the novels of Hoyle and Elliott), <i>Geminus</i> (1968), <i><a href="/wiki/Il_segno_del_comando" title="Il segno del comando">Il segno del comando</a></i> (1971), <i><a href="/wiki/Gamma_(miniseries)" title="Gamma (miniseries)">Gamma</a></i> (1974) and <i>La traccia verde</i> (1975). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="French_series">French series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: French series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French series are <i><a href="/wiki/Highlander:_The_Series" title="Highlander: The Series">Highlander: The Series</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> science-fiction/fantasy television series (both co-produced with Canada) and a number of smaller fiction/fantasy television series, including <i>Tang</i> in 1971, about a secret organization that attempts to control the world with a new super weapon, "Les atomistes" and 1970 miniseries "La brigade des maléfices". </p><p>Another French-produced science fiction series was the <a href="/wiki/New_age" class="mw-redirect" title="New age">new age</a> animated series <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Il était une fois... l'espace</i></span> (English: <span lang="en">Once upon a time...space</span>). <a href="/wiki/Anime-influenced_animation" title="Anime-influenced animation">Anime-influenced animation</a> includes a series of French-Japanese <a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">cartoons</a>/<a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>, including such titles as <i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_31" title="Ulysses 31">Ulysses 31</a></i> (1981), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Cities_of_Gold" title="The Mysterious Cities of Gold">The Mysterious Cities of Gold</a></i> (1982), and <i><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cban_Star-Racers" title="Ōban Star-Racers">Ōban Star-Racers</a></i> (2006). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spanish_series">Spanish series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Spanish series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Spanish SF series was <i>Diego Valor</i>, a 22 episode TV adaption of a radio show hero of the same name based on <a href="/wiki/Dan_Dare" title="Dan Dare">Dan Dare</a>, aired weekly between 1958 and 1959. Nothing was survived of this series, not a single still; it is not known if the show was even recorded or just a live broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 60s were dominated by <a href="/wiki/Chicho_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_Serrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicho Ibáñez Serrador">Chicho Ibáñez Serrador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narciso_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_Menta" title="Narciso Ibáñez Menta">Narciso Ibáñez Menta</a>, who adapted SF works from Golden Age authors and others to a series titled <i>Mañana puede ser verdad</i>. Only 11 episodes were filmed. The 70s saw three important television films, <i>Los pajaritos</i> (1974), <i>La Gioconda está triste</i> (1977), and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/La_cabina" title="La cabina">La cabina</a></i></span> (1972), this last one, about a man who becomes trapped in a telephone booth, while passersby seem unable to help him, won the 1973 <a href="/wiki/International_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="International Emmy Award">International Emmy Award</a> for Fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-Jimenez2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jimenez2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The series <i>Plutón B.R.B. Nero</i> (2008) was a brutal SF comedy by <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lex_de_la_Iglesia" title="Álex de la Iglesia">Álex de la Iglesia</a>, in the line of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Dwarf" title="Red Dwarf">Red Dwarf</a></i>, or <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, with 26 episodes of 35 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other series of the 2010s were <i><a href="/wiki/Los_protegidos_(Spanish_TV_series)" title="Los protegidos (Spanish TV series)">Los protegidos</a></i> (2010-2012), <i><a href="/wiki/El_Barco_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Barco (TV series)">El barco</a></i> (2011-2013), and <i><a href="/wiki/El_internado" class="mw-redirect" title="El internado">El internado</a></i> (2007-2010), all three inspired by North American productions, with minor SF elements.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ecartelera_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecartelera-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The latest success is <i><a href="/wiki/El_ministerio_del_tiempo" title="El ministerio del tiempo">El ministerio del tiempo</a></i> (<i>The ministry of time</i>), premiered on February 24, 2015 on <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a>'s main channel <a href="/wiki/La_1_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="La 1 (Spanish TV channel)">La 1</a>. The series follows the exploits of a patrol of the fictional Ministry of Time, which deals with incidents caused by time travel.<sup id="cite_ref-elperiodico_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elperiodico-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has garnered several national prizes in 2015, like the <a href="/wiki/Premios_Ondas" title="Premios Ondas">Ondas Prize</a>, and has a thick following on-line, called <i>los ministéricos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20minutos_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20minutos-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_European_series">Eastern European series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Eastern European series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> produced <i><a href="/wiki/The_Collector_(Serbian_TV_series)" title="The Collector (Serbian TV series)">The Collector</a></i> (<span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">Sakupljač</i></span>), a science fiction television series based upon <a href="/wiki/Zoran_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87_(writer)" title="Zoran Živković (writer)">Zoran Živković's</a> story, winner of a <a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy Award</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1v%C5%A1t%C4%9Bvn%C3%ADci_(TV_series)" title="Návštěvníci (TV series)">Návštěvníci</a></i> <i>(The Visitors)</i> was a Czechoslovak (and Federal German, Swiss and French) TV series produced in 1981 to 1983. The family show aired in a larger number of European countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_creative_influences">Significant creative influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Significant creative influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a list of notable science fiction series and programs on television, see: <a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_television_programs" title="List of science fiction television programs">List of science fiction television programs</a>. </p><p>People who have influenced science fiction on television include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Allen" title="Irwin Allen">Irwin Allen</a>, creator of <i><a href="/wiki/Voyage_to_the_Bottom_of_the_Sea_(TV_series)" title="Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (TV series)">Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_Tunnel" title="The Time Tunnel">The Time Tunnel</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Space" title="Lost in Space">Lost in Space</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Land_of_the_Giants" title="Land of the Giants">Land of the Giants</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Anderson" title="Gerry Anderson">Gerry Anderson</a>, creator of <i><a href="/wiki/Supercar_(TV_series)" title="Supercar (TV series)">Supercar</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fireball_XL5" title="Fireball XL5">Fireball XL5</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stingray_(1964_TV_series)" title="Stingray (1964 TV series)">Stingray</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thunderbirds_(TV_series)" title="Thunderbirds (TV series)">Thunderbirds</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Scarlet_and_the_Mysterons" title="Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons">Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Joe_90" title="Joe 90">Joe 90</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/UFO_(British_TV_series)" title="UFO (British TV series)">UFO</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Space:_1999" title="Space: 1999">Space: 1999</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Terrahawks" title="Terrahawks">Terrahawks</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Precinct" title="Space Precinct">Space Precinct</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Anderson%27s_New_Captain_Scarlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerry Anderson's New Captain Scarlet">New Captain Scarlet</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barbera" title="Joseph Barbera">Joseph Barbera</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Hanna" title="William Hanna">William Hanna</a>, animators and producers of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jetsons" title="The Jetsons">The Jetsons</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jonny_Quest_(TV_series)" title="Jonny Quest (TV series)">Jonny Quest</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Dinosaurs" title="Valley of the Dinosaurs">Valley of the Dinosaurs</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mightor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mightor">Mightor</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Samson_%26_Goliath" title="Samson & Goliath">Samson & Goliath</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Berman" title="Rick Berman">Rick Berman</a>, producer of <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a> and creator of <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine" title="Star Trek: Deep Space Nine">Star Trek: Deep Space Nine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Voyager" title="Star Trek: Voyager">Star Trek: Voyager</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Enterprise" title="Star Trek: Enterprise">Star Trek: Enterprise</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Carter_(screenwriter)" title="Chris Carter (screenwriter)">Chris Carter</a>, creator of <i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lone_Gunmen_(TV_series)" title="The Lone Gunmen (TV series)">The Lone Gunmen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Realm" title="Harsh Realm">Harsh Realm</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Millennium_(TV_series)" title="Millennium (TV series)">Millennium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_T_Davies" title="Russell T Davies">Russell T Davies</a>, revived the <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> franchise and created its spinoffs <i><a href="/wiki/Torchwood" title="Torchwood">Torchwood</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sarah_Jane_Adventures" title="The Sarah Jane Adventures">The Sarah Jane Adventures</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Johnson_(producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Johnson (producer)">Kenneth Johnson</a>, producer and director of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Six_Million_Dollar_Man" title="The Six Million Dollar Man">The Six Million Dollar Man</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bionic_Woman" title="The Bionic Woman">The Bionic Woman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(1978_TV_series)" title="The Incredible Hulk (1978 TV series)">The Incredible Hulk</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/V_(1983_miniseries)" title="V (1983 miniseries)">V</a></i> (also creator), and <i><a href="/wiki/Alien_Nation_(TV_series)" title="Alien Nation (TV series)">Alien Nation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_%26_Marty_Krofft" class="mw-redirect" title="Sid & Marty Krofft">Sid & Marty Krofft</a>, producers and creators of <i><a href="/wiki/Land_of_the_Lost_(1974_TV_series)" title="Land of the Lost (1974 TV series)">Land of the Lost</a></i> and its 1991 remake, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Saucer" title="The Lost Saucer">The Lost Saucer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Far_Out_Space_Nuts" title="Far Out Space Nuts">Far Out Space Nuts</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Electra_Woman_and_Dyna_Girl" title="Electra Woman and Dyna Girl">Electra Woman and Dyna Girl</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Kneale" title="Nigel Kneale">Nigel Kneale</a>, writer and creator of the <i><a href="/wiki/Quatermass" class="mw-redirect" title="Quatermass">Quatermass</a></i> serials</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_A._Larson" title="Glen A. Larson">Glen A. Larson</a>, creator of <i><a href="/wiki/Battlestar_Galactica_(1978_TV_series)" title="Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)">Battlestar Galactica</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Buck_Rogers_in_the_25th_Century_(TV_series)" title="Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (TV series)">Buck Rogers in the 25th Century</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Galactica_1980" title="Galactica 1980">Galactica 1980</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Knight_Rider_(1982_TV_series)" title="Knight Rider (1982 TV series)">Knight Rider</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Macek" title="Carl Macek">Carl Macek</a>, producer of the 1985 American anime series <i><a href="/wiki/Robotech" title="Robotech">Robotech</a></i> (based on adaptations of 3 separate Japanese animated series). Also producer of <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Harlock_and_the_Queen_of_a_Thousand_Years" title="Captain Harlock and the Queen of a Thousand Years">Captain Harlock and the Queen of a Thousand Years</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_D._Moore" title="Ronald D. Moore">Ronald D. Moore</a>, creator of the <a href="/wiki/Battlestar_Galactica_(2004_TV_series)" title="Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)">re-imagined <i>Battlestar Galactica</i></a>; producer and writer for <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine" title="Star Trek: Deep Space Nine">Star Trek: Deep Space Nine</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Roswell_(TV_series)" title="Roswell (TV series)">Roswell</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Nation" title="Terry Nation">Terry Nation</a>, creator of the <a href="/wiki/Dalek" title="Dalek">Daleks</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, and of his own shows <i><a href="/wiki/Survivors_(1975_TV_series)" title="Survivors (1975 TV series)">Survivors</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Blake%27s_7" title="Blake's 7">Blake's 7</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Newman" title="Sydney Newman">Sydney Newman</a>, creator of <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(TV_series)" title="The Avengers (TV series)">The Avengers</a></i>, and other telefantasy series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockne_S._O%27Bannon" title="Rockne S. O'Bannon">Rockne S. O'Bannon</a>, creator of <i><a href="/wiki/Alien_Nation_(1989_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alien Nation (1989 TV series)">Alien Nation</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/SeaQuest_DSV" title="SeaQuest DSV">seaQuest DSV</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Farscape" title="Farscape">Farscape</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a>, the creator of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Earth:_Final_Conflict" title="Earth: Final Conflict">Earth: Final Conflict</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(TV_series)" title="Andromeda (TV series)">Andromeda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Serling" title="Rod Serling">Rod Serling</a>, creator of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Night_Gallery" title="Night Gallery">Night Gallery</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stevens" title="Leslie Stevens">Leslie Stevens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stefano" title="Joseph Stefano">Joseph Stefano</a>, creators of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Outer_Limits_(1963_TV_series)" title="The Outer Limits (1963 TV series)">The Outer Limits</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Straczynski" title="J. Michael Straczynski">J. Michael Straczynski</a>, creator of <i><a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Crusade_(TV_series)" title="Crusade (TV series)">Crusade</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_(TV_series)" title="Jeremiah (TV series)">Jeremiah</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Sense8" title="Sense8">Sense8</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a>, creator of <i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Angel_(1999_TV_series)" title="Angel (1999 TV series)">Angel</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(TV_series)" title="Firefly (TV series)">Firefly</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Dollhouse_(TV_series)" title="Dollhouse (TV series)">Dollhouse</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hewitt_Wolfe" title="Robert Hewitt Wolfe">Robert Hewitt Wolfe</a>, writer, producer, and/or executive producer of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine" title="Star Trek: Deep Space Nine">Star Trek: Deep Space Nine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(TV_series)" title="Andromeda (TV series)">Andromeda</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dead_Zone_(TV_series)" title="The Dead Zone (TV series)">The Dead Zone</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_4400" title="The 4400">The 4400</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dresden_Files" title="The Dresden Files">The Dresden Files</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Wright" title="Brad Wright">Brad Wright</a>, writer, producer, co-creator and/or executive producer of <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_SG-1" title="Stargate SG-1">Stargate SG-1</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis" title="Stargate Atlantis">Stargate Atlantis</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_Universe" title="Stargate Universe">Stargate Universe</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-people_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-people-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_influence_of_Star_Trek" title="Cultural influence of Star Trek">Cultural influence of <i>Star Trek</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_television" title="Fantasy television">Fantasy television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_Syfy" title="List of programs broadcast by Syfy">List of programs broadcast by Syfy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">List of science fiction sitcoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_television_films" title="List of science fiction television films">List of science fiction television films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_television_series" title="List of Star Wars television series">List of <i>Star Wars</i> television series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_television_series" title="Category:Science fiction television series">Science fiction television series</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_on_television&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sf-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sf_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMark_PhillipsFrank_Garcia" class="citation book cs1">Mark Phillips; Frank Garcia. <i>Science Fiction Television Series</i>. McFarland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction+Television+Series&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.au=Mark+Phillips&rft.au=Frank+Garcia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+fiction+on+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1533099/Nigel-Kneale.html">"Nigel Kneale"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. 3 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nigel+Kneale&rft.date=2006-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1533099%2FNigel-Kneale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+fiction+on+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5390372.stm">"Dr Who 'longest-running sci-fi'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 28 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Dr+Who+%27longest-running+sci-fi%27&rft.date=2006-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F5390372.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+fiction+on+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2009" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Liz Shannon (26 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2009/biz/markets-festivals/doctor-who-honored-by-guinness-1118006512/">"<i>Doctor Who</i> Honored by Guinness — Entertainment News, TV News, Media"</a>. <i>Variety</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Doctor+Who+Honored+by+Guinness+%E2%80%94+Entertainment+News%2C+TV+News%2C+Media&rft.date=2009-07-26&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Liz+Shannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2009%2Fbiz%2Fmarkets-festivals%2Fdoctor-who-honored-by-guinness-1118006512%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+fiction+on+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPost" class="citation web cs1">Post, Jonathan Vos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/tv.html">"TV page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE"</a>. <i>www.magicdragon.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.magicdragon.com&rft.atitle=TV+page+of+ULTIMATE+SCIENCE+FICTION+WEB+GUIDE&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+Vos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magicdragon.com%2FUltimateSF%2Ftv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+fiction+on+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJiménez2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jiménez, Jesús (23 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20130823/andreu-martin-enrique-ventura-resucitan-diego-valor/743062.shtml">"Andreu Martín y Enrique Ventura resucitan a 'Diego Valor'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>rtve</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rtve&rft.atitle=Andreu+Mart%C3%ADn+y+Enrique+Ventura+resucitan+a+%27Diego+Valor%27&rft.date=2013-08-23&rft.aulast=Jim%C3%A9nez&rft.aufirst=Jes%C3%BAs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtve.es%2Fnoticias%2F20130823%2Fandreu-martin-enrique-ventura-resucitan-diego-valor%2F743062.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+fiction+on+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoix1999" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boix, Armando (5 June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciencia-ficcion.com/series/sdiegovalor.htm">"La aventura interplanetaria de Diego Valor"</a>. <i>Ciencia-ficción.com</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"25 Greatest Sci-Fi Legends". <i>TV Guide</i>: 31–39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TV+Guide&rft.atitle=25+Greatest+Sci-Fi+Legends&rft.pages=31-39&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.au=Malcom%2C+Nollinger%2C+Rudolph%2C+Tomashoff%2C+Weeks%2C+%26+Williams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+fiction+on+television" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Science_fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Science_fiction" title="Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Science_fiction" title="Template talk:Science fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Science_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Science_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_science_fiction" title="Outline of science fiction">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science-fiction_authors" title="List of science-fiction authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_science_fiction" title="Definitions of science fiction">Definitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_science_fiction" title="Anthropological science fiction">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_romance" title="Scientific romance">Scientific romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_science_fiction" title="Soft science fiction">Soft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_science_fiction" title="Timeline of science fiction">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">Sitcoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_space_(science_fiction)" title="Inner space (science fiction)">Inner space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare_in_science_fiction" title="Space warfare in science fiction">Space warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sword and planet">Sword and planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spy-Fi_(subgenre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy-Fi (subgenre)">Spy-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno-thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works" title="List of underwater science fiction works">Underwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Cyberpunk derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-fiction_fanzine" title="Science-fiction fanzine">Fanzines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">ISFDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_libraries_and_museums" title="Science fiction libraries and museums">Libraries and museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_studies" title="Science fiction studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women in SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldcon" title="Worldcon">Worldcon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction" title="Australian science fiction">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_science_fiction" title="Bengali science fiction">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction" title="Canadian science fiction">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_science_fiction" title="Chilean science fiction">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_science_fiction" title="Chinese science fiction">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_science_fiction" title="Croatian science fiction">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech science fiction and fantasy">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_science_fiction" title="Estonian science fiction">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_science_fiction" title="French science fiction">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_science_fiction" title="Hungarian science fiction">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_science_fiction" title="Norwegian science fiction">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_and_fantasy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction and fantasy in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_science_fiction" title="Romanian science fiction">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian science fiction and fantasy">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_science_fiction" title="Serbian science fiction">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_science_fiction" title="Spanish science fiction">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_science_fiction" title="Yugoslav science fiction">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinematic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Awards" title="Jules Verne Awards">Jules Verne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary, art,<br />and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Award_for_Best_New_Writer" title="Astounding Award for Best New Writer">Astounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurealis_Award" title="Aurealis Award">Aurealis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSFA_Award" title="BSFA Award">BSFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Campbell Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesley_Awards" title="Chesley Awards">Chesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Crook_Award" title="Compton Crook Award">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Science_Fiction_Preis" title="Deutscher Science Fiction Preis">Deutscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick_Award" title="Philip K. Dick Award">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditmar_Award" title="Ditmar Award">Ditmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Award" title="Endeavour Award">Endeavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FantLab%27s_Book_of_the_Year_Award" title="FantLab's Book of the Year Award">FantLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Award_(China)" title="Galaxy Award (China)">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Gaughan_Award" title="Jack Gaughan Award">Gaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geffen_Award" title="Geffen Award">Geffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Duck_Award" title="Golden Duck Award">Golden Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_l%27Imaginaire" title="Grand prix de l'Imaginaire">Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Harland_Prize" title="Paul Harland Prize">Harland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein_Award" title="Robert A. Heinlein Award">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premio_Ignotus" title="Premio Ignotus">Ignotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitschies" title="Kitschies">Kitschies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lambda_Literary_Awards_winners_and_nominees_for_science_fiction,_fantasy_and_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lambda Literary Awards winners and nominees for science fiction, fantasy and horror">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_La%C3%9Fwitz_Award" title="Kurd Laßwitz Award">Laßwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Award" title="Nautilus Award">Nautilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nommo_Awards" title="Nommo Awards">Nommo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton_Award" title="Andre Norton Award">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsec_Awards" title="Parsec Awards">Parsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhysling_Award" title="Rhysling Award">Rhysling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFERA_Award" title="SFERA Award">SFERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History" title="Sidewise Award for Alternate History">Sidewise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Smith_Memorial_Award" title="Edward E. Smith Memorial Award">Skylark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon_Award" title="Theodore Sturgeon Award">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunburst_Award" title="Sunburst Award">Sunburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htivaeltaja_Award" title="Tähtivaeltaja Award">Tähtivaeltaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBD_Science_Fiction_Story_Award" title="TBD Science Fiction Story Award">TBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree_Jr._Award" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree Jr. Award">Tiptree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Apollo_Award" title="Prix Apollo Award">Tour-Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_%26_Fantasy_Translation_Awards" title="Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards">Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania_Award" title="Urania Award">Urania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Julius_Vogel_Award" title="Sir Julius Vogel Award">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers of the Future">Writers and Illustrators of the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_A._Zajdel_Award" title="Janusz A. Zajdel Award">Zajdel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Awards" title="Aurora Awards">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler_Award" title="Chandler Award">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiun_Award" title="Seiun Award">Seiun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards" title="Gaylactic Spectrum Awards">Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction_films" title="History of science fiction films">Film history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_fiction_films" title="Lists of science fiction films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_films_in_India" title="Science fiction films in India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_novels" title="List of science fiction novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_short_stories" title="List of science fiction short stories">Short stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_opera" title="Science fiction opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_theatre" title="Science fiction theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_television_programs" title="List of science fiction television programs">List of TV shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction_television" title="Australian science fiction television">Australasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_television_science_fiction" title="British television science fiction">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction_television" title="Canadian science fiction television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Continental_European_science_fiction_series">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Live-action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._television_science_fiction" title="U.S. television science fiction">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_architecture" title="Space architecture">Architectural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_sphere" title="Dyson sphere">Dyson sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrioshka_brain" title="Matrioshka brain">Matrioshka brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction" title="Space stations and habitats in fiction">Space stations and habitats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_engine" title="Stellar engine">Stellar engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_in_popular_culture" title="Terraforming in popular culture">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biology_in_fiction" title="Biology in fiction">Biological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare_in_popular_culture" title="Biological warfare in popular 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transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasites_in_fiction" title="Parasites in fiction">Parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthetics_in_fiction" title="Prosthetics in fiction">Prosthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction">Sex and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_in_fiction" title="Symbiosis in fiction">Symbiosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansible" title="Ansible">Ansible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_holes_in_fiction" title="Black holes in fiction">Black holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_field_(technology)" title="Force field (technology)">Force field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperspace" title="Hyperspace">Hyperspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertialess_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertialess drive">Inertialess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiverse" title="Multiverse">Multiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_hole" title="Portable hole">Portable hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_travel_in_science_fiction" title="Space travel in science fiction">Space travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(device)" title="Stargate (device)">Stargate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_fiction" title="Stars in fiction">Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation_in_fiction" title="Teleportation in fiction">Teleportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel_in_fiction" title="Time travel in fiction">Time travel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_viewer" title="Time viewer">Viewer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_drive" title="Warp drive">Warp drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormholes_in_fiction" title="Wormholes in fiction">Wormhole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_mind_(science_fiction)" title="Group mind (science fiction)">Group mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_uploading_in_fiction" title="Mind uploading in fiction">Mind uploading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psionics" title="Psionics">Psionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_consciousness_in_fiction" title="Simulated consciousness in fiction">Simulated consciousness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts_in_popular_culture" title="Ancient astronauts in popular culture">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_science_fiction" title="Black science fiction">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_contact_(science_fiction)" title="First contact (science fiction)">First contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_complex" title="Frankenstein complex">Frankenstein complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_empire" title="Galactic empire">Galactic empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_from_space_(science_fiction)" title="Message from space (science fiction)">Message from space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism_in_fiction" title="Transhumanism in fiction">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uplift_(science_fiction)" title="Uplift (science fiction)">Uplift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover_in_popular_culture" title="AI takeover in popular culture">AI takeover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_engineering" title="Astronomical engineering">Astroengineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography_in_fiction" title="Holography in fiction">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_robots_and_androids" title="List of fictional robots and androids">Robots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyborgs_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborgs in fiction">Cyborgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-replicating_machines_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-replicating machines in fiction">Self-replicating machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_reality" title="Simulated reality">Simulated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_spacecraft" title="List of fictional spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyons_in_fiction" title="Tachyons in fiction">Tachyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian science fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_astronauts" title="Lists of fictional astronauts">Fictional astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional technology">Fictional technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_history" title="Future history">Future 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