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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بوابة:تقانة نووية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:تقانة نووية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Kernenergie" title="Portal:Kernenergie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Kernenergie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="درگاه:فناوری هسته‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:فناوری هسته‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Portail:Nucléaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Nucléaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Energia_nucleare" title="Portale:Energia nucleare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Energia nucleare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Teknologi_nuklear" title="Portal:Teknologi nuklear – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:Teknologi nuklear" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B" 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title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <div style="background:#FFFFFF; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#FFA500; padding:5px;"> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <div style="font-size:155%; text-align: center;"><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#993300"><b>The Nuclear Technology Portal</b></span> </p> </span></div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:first-child{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:last-child{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div{flex:1 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div.flex-columns-noflex{flex:0}</style><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column" style="flex:3"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ANuclear_technology%2FIntro&action=edit"><span style="color:#000000">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Introduction" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Introduction</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radioactive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/150px-Radioactive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/225px-Radioactive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/300px-Radioactive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>This symbol of radioactivity is internationally recognized.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_technology" title="Nuclear technology">Nuclear technology</a></b> is technology that involves the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reaction" title="Nuclear reaction">nuclear reactions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">atomic nuclei</a>. Among the notable nuclear technologies are <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactors" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear reactors">nuclear reactors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>. It is also used, among other things, in <a href="/wiki/Smoke_detector" title="Smoke detector">smoke detectors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gun_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun sight">gun sights</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_technology" title="Nuclear technology">Full article...</a></b>)<br /><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b> is the use of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reaction" title="Nuclear reaction">nuclear reactions</a> to produce <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a>. Nuclear power can be obtained from <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear decay">nuclear decay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">nuclear fusion</a> reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear <i>fission</i> of <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plants</a>. Nuclear <i>decay</i> processes are used in niche applications such as <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Radioisotope thermoelectric generator">radioisotope thermoelectric generators</a> in some space probes such as <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i>. Reactors producing controlled <a href="/wiki/Fusion_power" title="Fusion power"><i>fusion</i> power</a> have been operated since 1958, but have yet to generate net power and are not expected to be commercially available in the near future. (<b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Full article...</a></b>)<br /><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div></li> <li>A <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapon</a></b> is an <a href="/wiki/Explosive_device" title="Explosive device">explosive device</a> that derives its destructive force from <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reaction" title="Nuclear reaction">nuclear reactions</a>, either <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">fission</a> (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">fusion</a> reactions (<a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon" title="Thermonuclear weapon">thermonuclear bomb</a>), producing a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_explosion" title="Nuclear explosion">nuclear explosion</a>. Both bomb types release large quantities of <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> from relatively small amounts of <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_technology" title="Nuclear technology">Full article...</a></b>)</li></ul> <div style="float: right;"></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column" style="flex:2"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="General_images_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">General images - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Nuclear_technology&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small><b>The following are images from various nuclear technology-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:97%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippsburg2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1The cooling towers of the Philippsburg Nuclear Power Plant in Germany (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 1The cooling towers of the Philippsburg Nuclear Power Plant in Germany (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Philippsburg2.jpg/120px-Philippsburg2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Philippsburg2.jpg/180px-Philippsburg2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Philippsburg2.jpg/240px-Philippsburg2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">cooling towers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippsburg_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Philippsburg Nuclear Power Plant">Philippsburg Nuclear Power Plant</a> in Germany (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_fission.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2Induced fission reaction. A neutron is absorbed by a uranium-235 nucleus, turning it briefly into an excited uranium-236 nucleus, with the excitation energy provided by the kinetic energy of the neutron plus the forces that bind the neutron. The uranium-236, in turn, splits into fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and releases several free neutrons, one or more "prompt gamma rays" (not shown) and a (proportionally) large amount of kinetic energy. (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 2Induced fission reaction. A neutron is absorbed by a uranium-235 nucleus, turning it briefly into an excited uranium-236 nucleus, with the excitation energy provided by the kinetic energy of the neutron plus the forces that bind the neutron. The uranium-236, in turn, splits into fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and releases several free neutrons, one or more "prompt gamma rays" (not shown) and a (proportionally) large amount of kinetic energy. (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nuclear_fission.svg/77px-Nuclear_fission.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nuclear_fission.svg/115px-Nuclear_fission.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nuclear_fission.svg/154px-Nuclear_fission.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>Induced fission reaction. A <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> is absorbed by a <a href="/wiki/Uranium-235" title="Uranium-235">uranium-235</a> nucleus, turning it briefly into an excited <a href="/wiki/Uranium-236" title="Uranium-236">uranium-236</a> nucleus, with the excitation energy provided by the kinetic energy of the neutron plus the <a href="/wiki/Semi-empirical_mass_formula#Pairing_term" title="Semi-empirical mass formula">forces that bind the neutron</a>. The uranium-236, in turn, splits into fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and releases several free neutrons, one or more "prompt <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma rays</a>" (not shown) and a (proportionally) large amount of kinetic energy. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stdef2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3The stages of binary fission in a liquid drop model. Energy input deforms the nucleus into a fat "cigar" shape, then a "peanut" shape, followed by binary fission as the two lobes exceed the short-range nuclear force attraction distance, and are then pushed apart and away by their electrical charge. In the liquid drop model, the two fission fragments are predicted to be the same size. The nuclear shell model allows for them to differ in size, as usually experimentally observed. (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 3The stages of binary fission in a liquid drop model. Energy input deforms the nucleus into a fat "cigar" shape, then a "peanut" shape, followed by binary fission as the two lobes exceed the short-range nuclear force attraction distance, and are then pushed apart and away by their electrical charge. In the liquid drop model, the two fission fragments are predicted to be the same size. The nuclear shell model allows for them to differ in size, as usually experimentally observed. (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Stdef2.png/65px-Stdef2.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Stdef2.png/98px-Stdef2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Stdef2.png/131px-Stdef2.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span>The stages of binary fission in a liquid drop model. Energy input deforms the nucleus into a fat "cigar" shape, then a "peanut" shape, followed by binary fission as the two lobes exceed the short-range <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_force" title="Nuclear force">nuclear force</a> attraction distance, and are then pushed apart and away by their electrical charge. In the liquid drop model, the two fission fragments are predicted to be the same size. The nuclear shell model allows for them to differ in size, as usually experimentally observed. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calder_Hall_nuclear_power_station_(11823864155).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4The Calder Hall nuclear power station in the United Kingdom, the world's first commercial nuclear power station. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 4The Calder Hall nuclear power station in the United Kingdom, the world's first commercial nuclear power station. (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Calder_Hall_nuclear_power_station_%2811823864155%29.jpg/120px-Calder_Hall_nuclear_power_station_%2811823864155%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Calder_Hall_nuclear_power_station_%2811823864155%29.jpg/180px-Calder_Hall_nuclear_power_station_%2811823864155%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Calder_Hall_nuclear_power_station_%2811823864155%29.jpg/240px-Calder_Hall_nuclear_power_station_%2811823864155%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2558" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Calder_Hall_nuclear_power_station" title="Calder Hall nuclear power station">Calder Hall nuclear power station</a> in the United Kingdom, the world's first commercial nuclear power station. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_power_generation.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5Growth of worldwide nuclear power generation (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 5Growth of worldwide nuclear power generation (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Nuclear_power_generation.svg/120px-Nuclear_power_generation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Nuclear_power_generation.svg/180px-Nuclear_power_generation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Nuclear_power_generation.svg/240px-Nuclear_power_generation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>Growth of worldwide nuclear power generation (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Massale_vredesdemonstratie_in_Bonn_tegen_de_modernisering_van_kernwapens_in_West,_Bestanddeelnr_253-8611.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Protest in Bonn against the nuclear arms race between the U.S./NATO and the Warsaw Pact, 1981 (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 6Protest in Bonn against the nuclear arms race between the U.S./NATO and the Warsaw Pact, 1981 (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Massale_vredesdemonstratie_in_Bonn_tegen_de_modernisering_van_kernwapens_in_West%2C_Bestanddeelnr_253-8611.jpg/120px-Massale_vredesdemonstratie_in_Bonn_tegen_de_modernisering_van_kernwapens_in_West%2C_Bestanddeelnr_253-8611.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Massale_vredesdemonstratie_in_Bonn_tegen_de_modernisering_van_kernwapens_in_West%2C_Bestanddeelnr_253-8611.jpg/180px-Massale_vredesdemonstratie_in_Bonn_tegen_de_modernisering_van_kernwapens_in_West%2C_Bestanddeelnr_253-8611.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Massale_vredesdemonstratie_in_Bonn_tegen_de_modernisering_van_kernwapens_in_West%2C_Bestanddeelnr_253-8611.jpg/240px-Massale_vredesdemonstratie_in_Bonn_tegen_de_modernisering_van_kernwapens_in_West%2C_Bestanddeelnr_253-8611.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3686" data-file-height="2439" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span>Protest in Bonn against the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">nuclear arms race</a> between the U.S./NATO and the Warsaw Pact, 1981 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fission_bomb_assembly_methods.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7The two basic fission weapon designs (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 7The two basic fission weapon designs (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Fission_bomb_assembly_methods.svg/110px-Fission_bomb_assembly_methods.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Fission_bomb_assembly_methods.svg/165px-Fission_bomb_assembly_methods.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Fission_bomb_assembly_methods.svg/220px-Fission_bomb_assembly_methods.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>The two basic <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">fission</a> weapon designs (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castle_Bravo_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8Mushroom cloud from the explosion of Castle Bravo, the largest nuclear weapon detonated by the U.S., in 1954 (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 8Mushroom cloud from the explosion of Castle Bravo, the largest nuclear weapon detonated by the U.S., in 1954 (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Castle_Bravo_007.jpg/120px-Castle_Bravo_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Castle_Bravo_007.jpg/180px-Castle_Bravo_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Castle_Bravo_007.jpg/240px-Castle_Bravo_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>Mushroom cloud from the explosion of <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bravo" title="Castle Bravo">Castle Bravo</a>, the largest nuclear weapon detonated by the U.S., in 1954 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5_4_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%AD%D0%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9The town of Pripyat abandoned since 1986, with the Chernobyl plant and the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch in the distance (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 9The town of Pripyat abandoned since 1986, with the Chernobyl plant and the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch in the distance (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5_4_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%AD%D0%A1.jpg/120px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5_4_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%AD%D0%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5_4_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%AD%D0%A1.jpg/180px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5_4_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%AD%D0%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5_4_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%AD%D0%A1.jpg/240px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5_4_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%AD%D0%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3852" data-file-height="2167" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>The town of <a href="/wiki/Pripyat_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pripyat (city)">Pripyat</a> abandoned since 1986, with the Chernobyl plant and the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_New_Safe_Confinement" title="Chernobyl New Safe Confinement">Chernobyl New Safe Confinement</a> arch in the distance (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the world's worst nuclear accident since 1986, 50,000 households were displaced after radiation leaked into the air, soil and sea. Radiation checks led to bans of some shipments of vegetables and fish. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 10Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the world's worst nuclear accident since 1986, 50,000 households were displaced after radiation leaked into the air, soil and sea. Radiation checks led to bans of some shipments of vegetables and fish. (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe_crop.jpg/120px-Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe_crop.jpg/180px-Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe_crop.jpg/240px-Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="612" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span>Following the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster">Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster</a>, the world's worst <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_accident" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear accident">nuclear accident</a> since 1986, 50,000 households were displaced after <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a> leaked into the air, soil and sea. Radiation checks led to bans of some shipments of vegetables and fish. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Teller_(1958)-LLNL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11Edward Teller, often referred to as the "father of the hydrogen bomb" (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 11Edward Teller, often referred to as the "father of the hydrogen bomb" (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Edward_Teller_%281958%29-LLNL.jpg/82px-Edward_Teller_%281958%29-LLNL.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Edward_Teller_%281958%29-LLNL.jpg/124px-Edward_Teller_%281958%29-LLNL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Edward_Teller_%281958%29-LLNL.jpg/165px-Edward_Teller_%281958%29-LLNL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1339" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a>, often referred to as the "father of the hydrogen bomb" (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12The USSR and United States nuclear weapon stockpiles throughout the Cold War until 2015, with a precipitous drop in total numbers following the end of the Cold War in 1991. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 12The USSR and United States nuclear weapon stockpiles throughout the Cold War until 2015, with a precipitous drop in total numbers following the end of the Cold War in 1991. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg/120px-US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg/180px-US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg/240px-US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> and United States nuclear weapon stockpiles throughout the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> until 2015, with a precipitous drop in total numbers following the end of the Cold War in 1991. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2011-05-10_18-57-46_Switzerland_-_Wil_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13The Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant in Switzerland (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 13The Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant in Switzerland (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2011-05-10_18-57-46_Switzerland_-_Wil_crop.jpg/120px-2011-05-10_18-57-46_Switzerland_-_Wil_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2011-05-10_18-57-46_Switzerland_-_Wil_crop.jpg/180px-2011-05-10_18-57-46_Switzerland_-_Wil_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2011-05-10_18-57-46_Switzerland_-_Wil_crop.jpg/240px-2011-05-10_18-57-46_Switzerland_-_Wil_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Leibstadt_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant">Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant</a> in Switzerland (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3-Learning-curves-for-electricity-prices.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14A comparison of prices over time for energy from nuclear fission and from other sources. Over the presented time, thousands of wind turbines and similar were built on assembly lines in mass production resulting in an economy of scale. While nuclear remains bespoke, many first of their kind facilities added in the timeframe indicated and none are in serial production.Our World in Data notes that this cost is the global average, while the 2 projects that drove nuclear pricing upwards were in the US. The organization recognises that the median cost of the most exported and produced nuclear energy facility in the 2010s the South Korean APR1400, remained "constant", including in export. LCOE is a measure of the average net present cost of electricity generation for a generating plant over its lifetime. As a metric, it remains controversial as the lifespan of units are not independent but manufacturer projections, not a demonstrated longevity. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 14A comparison of prices over time for energy from nuclear fission and from other sources. Over the presented time, thousands of wind turbines and similar were built on assembly lines in mass production resulting in an economy of scale. While nuclear remains bespoke, many first of their kind facilities added in the timeframe indicated and none are in serial production.Our World in Data notes that this cost is the global average, while the 2 projects that drove nuclear pricing upwards were in the US. The organization recognises that the median cost of the most exported and produced nuclear energy facility in the 2010s the South Korean APR1400, remained "constant", including in export. LCOE is a measure of the average net present cost of electricity generation for a generating plant over its lifetime. As a metric, it remains controversial as the lifespan of units are not independent but manufacturer projections, not a demonstrated longevity. (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/3-Learning-curves-for-electricity-prices.png/120px-3-Learning-curves-for-electricity-prices.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/3-Learning-curves-for-electricity-prices.png/180px-3-Learning-curves-for-electricity-prices.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/3-Learning-curves-for-electricity-prices.png/240px-3-Learning-curves-for-electricity-prices.png 2x" data-file-width="2879" data-file-height="2478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span>A comparison of prices over time for energy from nuclear fission and from other sources. Over the presented time, thousands of wind turbines and similar were built on assembly lines in mass production resulting in an economy of scale. While nuclear remains bespoke, many first of their kind facilities added in the timeframe indicated and none are in serial production.<i>Our World in Data</i> notes that this cost is the global <i>average</i>, while the 2 projects that drove nuclear pricing upwards were in the US. The organization recognises that the <a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">median</a> cost of the most exported and produced nuclear energy facility in the 2010s the South Korean <a href="/wiki/APR1400" class="mw-redirect" title="APR1400">APR1400</a>, remained "constant", including in export.<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Levelized_cost_of_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Levelized cost of energy">LCOE</a> is a measure of the average net present cost of electricity generation for a generating plant over its lifetime. As a metric, it remains controversial as the lifespan of units are not independent but manufacturer projections, not a demonstrated longevity.</small> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OL3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15Olkiluoto 3 under construction in 2009. It was the first EPR, a modernized PWR design, to start construction. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 15Olkiluoto 3 under construction in 2009. It was the first EPR, a modernized PWR design, to start construction. (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/OL3.jpg/120px-OL3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/OL3.jpg/180px-OL3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/OL3.jpg/240px-OL3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2813" data-file-height="1320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><a href="/wiki/Olkiluoto_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Olkiluoto 3">Olkiluoto 3</a> under construction in 2009. It was the first <a href="/wiki/EPR_(nuclear_reactor)" title="EPR (nuclear reactor)">EPR</a>, a modernized PWR design, to start construction. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spent_nuclear_fuel_decay_sievert.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16Activity of spent UOx fuel in comparison to the activity of natural uranium ore over time (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 16Activity of spent UOx fuel in comparison to the activity of natural uranium ore over time (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Spent_nuclear_fuel_decay_sievert.jpg/120px-Spent_nuclear_fuel_decay_sievert.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Spent_nuclear_fuel_decay_sievert.jpg/180px-Spent_nuclear_fuel_decay_sievert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Spent_nuclear_fuel_decay_sievert.jpg/240px-Spent_nuclear_fuel_decay_sievert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1304" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span>Activity of spent UOx fuel in comparison to the activity of natural <a href="/wiki/Uranium_ore" title="Uranium ore">uranium ore</a> over time (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThermalFissionYield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17Fission product yields by mass for thermal neutron fission of uranium-235, plutonium-239, a combination of the two typical of current nuclear power reactors, and uranium-233, used in the thorium cycle (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 17Fission product yields by mass for thermal neutron fission of uranium-235, plutonium-239, a combination of the two typical of current nuclear power reactors, and uranium-233, used in the thorium cycle (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/ThermalFissionYield.svg/120px-ThermalFissionYield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/ThermalFissionYield.svg/180px-ThermalFissionYield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/ThermalFissionYield.svg/240px-ThermalFissionYield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span><a href="/wiki/Fission_product_yield" title="Fission product yield">Fission product yields</a> by mass for <a href="/wiki/Thermal_neutron" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal neutron">thermal neutron</a> fission of <a href="/wiki/Uranium-235" title="Uranium-235">uranium-235</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-239" title="Plutonium-239">plutonium-239</a>, a combination of the two typical of current nuclear power reactors, and <a href="/wiki/Uranium-233" title="Uranium-233">uranium-233</a>, used in the <a href="/wiki/Thorium_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium cycle">thorium cycle</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Msl-MMRTG.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18The multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG), used in several space missions such as the Curiosity Mars rover (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 18The multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG), used in several space missions such as the Curiosity Mars rover (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Msl-MMRTG.jpg/120px-Msl-MMRTG.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Msl-MMRTG.jpg/180px-Msl-MMRTG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Msl-MMRTG.jpg/240px-Msl-MMRTG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Multi-mission_radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator">multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator</a> (MMRTG), used in several space missions such as the <a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> Mars rover</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_shot_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19The Trinity test of the Manhattan Project was the first detonation of a nuclear weapon, which led J. Robert Oppenheimer to recall verses from the Hindu scripture Bhagavad Gita: "If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the mighty one "... "I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds". (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 19The Trinity test of the Manhattan Project was the first detonation of a nuclear weapon, which led J. Robert Oppenheimer to recall verses from the Hindu scripture Bhagavad Gita: "If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the mighty one "... "I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds". (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Trinity_shot_color.jpg/104px-Trinity_shot_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Trinity_shot_color.jpg/156px-Trinity_shot_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Trinity_shot_color.jpg/209px-Trinity_shot_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2426" data-file-height="2790" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity test</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> was the first detonation of a nuclear weapon, which led <a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a> to recall verses from the <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> scripture <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i>: "If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the mighty one "... "I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds". (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_of_electricity_production_from_nuclear.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20Share of electricity production from nuclear, 2023 (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 20Share of electricity production from nuclear, 2023 (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/Share_of_electricity_production_from_nuclear.png/120px-Share_of_electricity_production_from_nuclear.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/Share_of_electricity_production_from_nuclear.png/180px-Share_of_electricity_production_from_nuclear.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/Share_of_electricity_production_from_nuclear.png/240px-Share_of_electricity_production_from_nuclear.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span>Share of electricity production from nuclear, 2023 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ikata_Nuclear_Powerplant.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21The Ikata Nuclear Power Plant, a pressurized water reactor that cools by using a secondary coolant heat exchanger with a large body of water, an alternative cooling approach to large cooling towers (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 21The Ikata Nuclear Power Plant, a pressurized water reactor that cools by using a secondary coolant heat exchanger with a large body of water, an alternative cooling approach to large cooling towers (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ikata_Nuclear_Powerplant.JPG/120px-Ikata_Nuclear_Powerplant.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ikata_Nuclear_Powerplant.JPG/180px-Ikata_Nuclear_Powerplant.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ikata_Nuclear_Powerplant.JPG/240px-Ikata_Nuclear_Powerplant.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Ikata_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Ikata Nuclear Power Plant">Ikata Nuclear Power Plant</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor" title="Pressurized water reactor">pressurized water reactor</a> that cools by using a secondary coolant <a href="/wiki/Heat_exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">heat exchanger</a> with a large body of water, an alternative cooling approach to large <a href="/wiki/Cooling_towers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooling towers">cooling towers</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22UN vote on adoption of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons on July 7, 2017   Yes   No   Did not vote (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 22UN vote on adoption of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons on July 7, 2017   Yes   No   Did not vote (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons.svg/120px-Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons.svg/180px-Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons.svg/240px-Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3799" data-file-height="1927" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span>UN vote on adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a> on July 7, 2017<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008cff; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Yes</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> No</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c0c0c0; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Did not vote</div> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_060420-N-9621S-004_The_guided-missile_cruiser_USS_Monterey_(CG_61)_conducts_a_fueling_at_sea_(FAS)_with_the_Nimitz-class_aircraft_carrier_USS_George_Washington_(CVN_73).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23The guided-missile cruiser USS Monterey (CG 61) receives fuel at sea (FAS) from the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George Washington (CVN 73). (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 23The guided-missile cruiser USS Monterey (CG 61) receives fuel at sea (FAS) from the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George Washington (CVN 73). (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/US_Navy_060420-N-9621S-004_The_guided-missile_cruiser_USS_Monterey_%28CG_61%29_conducts_a_fueling_at_sea_%28FAS%29_with_the_Nimitz-class_aircraft_carrier_USS_George_Washington_%28CVN_73%29.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/US_Navy_060420-N-9621S-004_The_guided-missile_cruiser_USS_Monterey_%28CG_61%29_conducts_a_fueling_at_sea_%28FAS%29_with_the_Nimitz-class_aircraft_carrier_USS_George_Washington_%28CVN_73%29.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/US_Navy_060420-N-9621S-004_The_guided-missile_cruiser_USS_Monterey_%28CG_61%29_conducts_a_fueling_at_sea_%28FAS%29_with_the_Nimitz-class_aircraft_carrier_USS_George_Washington_%28CVN_73%29.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span>The guided-missile cruiser USS Monterey (CG 61) receives fuel at sea (FAS) from the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George Washington (CVN 73). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuke-world-map-2024.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24The number of nuclear warheads by country in 2024, based on an estimation by the Federation of American Scientists. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 24The number of nuclear warheads by country in 2024, based on an estimation by the Federation of American Scientists. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Nuke-world-map-2024.png/120px-Nuke-world-map-2024.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Nuke-world-map-2024.png/180px-Nuke-world-map-2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Nuke-world-map-2024.png/240px-Nuke-world-map-2024.png 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span>The number of nuclear warheads by country in 2024, based on an estimation by the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nagasakibomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25The mushroom cloud of the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on 9 August 1945 rose over 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) above the bomb's hypocenter. An estimated 39,000 people were killed by the atomic bomb, of whom 23,145–28,113 were Japanese factory workers, 2,000 were Korean slave laborers, and 150 were Japanese combatants. (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 25The mushroom cloud of the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on 9 August 1945 rose over 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) above the bomb's hypocenter. An estimated 39,000 people were killed by the atomic bomb, of whom 23,145–28,113 were Japanese factory workers, 2,000 were Korean slave laborers, and 150 were Japanese combatants. (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nagasakibomb.jpg/100px-Nagasakibomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nagasakibomb.jpg/151px-Nagasakibomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nagasakibomb.jpg/201px-Nagasakibomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3245" data-file-height="3877" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Mushroom_cloud" title="Mushroom cloud">mushroom cloud</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atomic bomb dropped</a> on <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagasaki, Japan">Nagasaki, Japan</a>, on 9 August 1945 rose over 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) above the bomb's <a href="/wiki/Ground_zero" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground zero">hypocenter</a>. An estimated 39,000 people were killed by the atomic bomb, of whom 23,145–28,113 were Japanese factory workers, 2,000 were Korean slave laborers, and 150 were Japanese combatants. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CO2_Emissions_from_Electricity_Production_IPCC.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 26Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of electricity supply technologies, median values calculated by IPCC (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 26Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of electricity supply technologies, median values calculated by IPCC (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/CO2_Emissions_from_Electricity_Production_IPCC.png/120px-CO2_Emissions_from_Electricity_Production_IPCC.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/CO2_Emissions_from_Electricity_Production_IPCC.png/180px-CO2_Emissions_from_Electricity_Production_IPCC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/CO2_Emissions_from_Electricity_Production_IPCC.png/240px-CO2_Emissions_from_Electricity_Production_IPCC.png 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 26</span></span>Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of electricity supply technologies, median values calculated by <a href="/wiki/IPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="IPCC">IPCC</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nautiluscore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 27The launching ceremony of the USS Nautilus January 1954. In 1958 it would become the first vessel to reach the North Pole. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 27The launching ceremony of the USS Nautilus January 1954. In 1958 it would become the first vessel to reach the North Pole. (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nautiluscore.jpg/120px-Nautiluscore.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nautiluscore.jpg/180px-Nautiluscore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Nautiluscore.jpg/240px-Nautiluscore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 27</span></span>The launching ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i></a> January 1954. In 1958 it would become the first vessel to reach the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atomic_test_seen_from_Las_Vegas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 28This view of downtown Las Vegas shows a mushroom cloud in the background. Scenes such as this were typical during the 1950s. From 1951 to 1962 the government conducted 100 atmospheric tests at the nearby Nevada Test Site. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 28This view of downtown Las Vegas shows a mushroom cloud in the background. Scenes such as this were typical during the 1950s. From 1951 to 1962 the government conducted 100 atmospheric tests at the nearby Nevada Test Site. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Atomic_test_seen_from_Las_Vegas.jpg/120px-Atomic_test_seen_from_Las_Vegas.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Atomic_test_seen_from_Las_Vegas.jpg/180px-Atomic_test_seen_from_Las_Vegas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Atomic_test_seen_from_Las_Vegas.jpg/240px-Atomic_test_seen_from_Las_Vegas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="284" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 28</span></span>This view of downtown <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> shows a <a href="/wiki/Mushroom_cloud" title="Mushroom cloud">mushroom cloud</a> in the background. Scenes such as this were typical during the 1950s. From 1951 to 1962 the government conducted 100 atmospheric tests at the nearby <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Test_Site" title="Nevada Test Site">Nevada Test Site</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_IAEA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 29The International Atomic Energy Agency was created in 1957 to encourage peaceful development of nuclear technology while providing international safeguards against nuclear proliferation. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 29The International Atomic Energy Agency was created in 1957 to encourage peaceful development of nuclear technology while providing international safeguards against nuclear proliferation. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_IAEA.svg/120px-Flag_of_IAEA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_IAEA.svg/180px-Flag_of_IAEA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_IAEA.svg/240px-Flag_of_IAEA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 29</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> was created in 1957 to encourage peaceful development of nuclear technology while providing international safeguards against nuclear proliferation. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gr%C3%BCne_protests_against_nuclear_energy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 30Anti-nuclear protest near nuclear waste disposal centre at Gorleben in northern Germany (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 30Anti-nuclear protest near nuclear waste disposal centre at Gorleben in northern Germany (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gr%C3%BCne_protests_against_nuclear_energy.jpg/120px-Gr%C3%BCne_protests_against_nuclear_energy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gr%C3%BCne_protests_against_nuclear_energy.jpg/180px-Gr%C3%BCne_protests_against_nuclear_energy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Gr%C3%BCne_protests_against_nuclear_energy.jpg/240px-Gr%C3%BCne_protests_against_nuclear_energy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 30</span></span>Anti-nuclear protest near <a href="/wiki/Deep_geological_repository" title="Deep geological repository">nuclear waste disposal centre</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gorleben" title="Gorleben">Gorleben</a> in northern Germany (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SS-24_silo_destruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 31Ukrainian workers use equipment provided by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency to dismantle a Soviet-era missile silo. After the end of the Cold War, Ukraine and the other non-Russian, post-Soviet republics relinquished Soviet nuclear stockpiles to Russia. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 31Ukrainian workers use equipment provided by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency to dismantle a Soviet-era missile silo. After the end of the Cold War, Ukraine and the other non-Russian, post-Soviet republics relinquished Soviet nuclear stockpiles to Russia. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/SS-24_silo_destruction.jpg/120px-SS-24_silo_destruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/SS-24_silo_destruction.jpg/180px-SS-24_silo_destruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/SS-24_silo_destruction.jpg/240px-SS-24_silo_destruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 31</span></span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> workers use equipment provided by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Defense_Threat_Reduction_Agency" title="Defense Threat Reduction Agency">Defense Threat Reduction Agency</a> to dismantle a Soviet-era missile silo. After the end of the Cold War, Ukraine and the other non-Russian, post-Soviet republics relinquished Soviet nuclear stockpiles to Russia. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Topaz_nuclear_reactor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 32Scaled-down model of TOPAZ nuclear reactor (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 32Scaled-down model of TOPAZ nuclear reactor (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Topaz_nuclear_reactor.jpg/120px-Topaz_nuclear_reactor.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Topaz_nuclear_reactor.jpg/180px-Topaz_nuclear_reactor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Topaz_nuclear_reactor.jpg/240px-Topaz_nuclear_reactor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 32</span></span>Scaled-down model of <a href="/wiki/TOPAZ_nuclear_reactor" title="TOPAZ nuclear reactor">TOPAZ nuclear reactor</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChemicalExercise2018-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 33Soviet OTR-21 Tochka missile. Capable of firing a 100-kiloton nuclear warhead a distance of 185 km (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 33Soviet OTR-21 Tochka missile. Capable of firing a 100-kiloton nuclear warhead a distance of 185 km (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/ChemicalExercise2018-01.jpg/120px-ChemicalExercise2018-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/ChemicalExercise2018-01.jpg/180px-ChemicalExercise2018-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/ChemicalExercise2018-01.jpg/240px-ChemicalExercise2018-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 33</span></span>Soviet <a href="/wiki/OTR-21_Tochka" title="OTR-21 Tochka">OTR-21 Tochka</a> missile. Capable of firing a 100-kiloton nuclear warhead a distance of 185 km (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Hahn_und_Lise_Meitner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 34Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn in their laboratory (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 34Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn in their laboratory (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Otto_Hahn_und_Lise_Meitner.jpg/92px-Otto_Hahn_und_Lise_Meitner.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Otto_Hahn_und_Lise_Meitner.jpg/137px-Otto_Hahn_und_Lise_Meitner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Otto_Hahn_und_Lise_Meitner.jpg/183px-Otto_Hahn_und_Lise_Meitner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2291" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 34</span></span><a href="/wiki/Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> in their laboratory (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_Fuel_Cycle.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 35The nuclear fuel cycle begins when uranium is mined, enriched, and manufactured into nuclear fuel (1), which is delivered to a nuclear power plant. After use, the spent fuel is delivered to a reprocessing plant (2) or to a final repository (3). In nuclear reprocessing, 95% of spent fuel can potentially be recycled to be returned to use in a power plant (4). (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 35The nuclear fuel cycle begins when uranium is mined, enriched, and manufactured into nuclear fuel (1), which is delivered to a nuclear power plant. After use, the spent fuel is delivered to a reprocessing plant (2) or to a final repository (3). In nuclear reprocessing, 95% of spent fuel can potentially be recycled to be returned to use in a power plant (4). (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuclear_Fuel_Cycle.png/120px-Nuclear_Fuel_Cycle.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuclear_Fuel_Cycle.png/180px-Nuclear_Fuel_Cycle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuclear_Fuel_Cycle.png/240px-Nuclear_Fuel_Cycle.png 2x" data-file-width="923" data-file-height="914" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 35</span></span>The nuclear fuel cycle begins when uranium is mined, enriched, and manufactured into nuclear fuel (1), which is delivered to a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plant</a>. After use, the spent fuel is delivered to a reprocessing plant (2) or to a final repository (3). In <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing" title="Nuclear reprocessing">nuclear reprocessing</a>, 95% of spent fuel can potentially be recycled to be returned to use in a power plant (4). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fat_man.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 36The first nuclear weapons were gravity bombs, such as this "Fat Man" weapon dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. They were large and could only be delivered by heavy bomber aircraft (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 36The first nuclear weapons were gravity bombs, such as this "Fat Man" weapon dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. They were large and could only be delivered by heavy bomber aircraft (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Fat_man.jpg/120px-Fat_man.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Fat_man.jpg/180px-Fat_man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Fat_man.jpg/240px-Fat_man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 36</span></span>The first nuclear weapons were <a href="/wiki/Gravity_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity bomb">gravity bombs</a>, such as this "<a href="/wiki/Fat_Man" title="Fat Man">Fat Man</a>" weapon dropped on <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki,_Nagasaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagasaki, Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>, Japan. They were large and could only be delivered by <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bomber</a> aircraft (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_power_station.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 37The status of nuclear power globally (click for legend) (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 37The status of nuclear power globally (click for legend) (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nuclear_power_station.svg/120px-Nuclear_power_station.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nuclear_power_station.svg/180px-Nuclear_power_station.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nuclear_power_station.svg/240px-Nuclear_power_station.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 37</span></span>The status of nuclear power globally (click for legend) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_dry_storage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 38Dry cask storage vessels storing spent nuclear fuel assemblies (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 38Dry cask storage vessels storing spent nuclear fuel assemblies (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nuclear_dry_storage.jpg/120px-Nuclear_dry_storage.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nuclear_dry_storage.jpg/180px-Nuclear_dry_storage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nuclear_dry_storage.jpg/240px-Nuclear_dry_storage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1139" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 38</span></span><a href="/wiki/Dry_cask_storage" title="Dry cask storage">Dry cask storage</a> vessels storing spent nuclear fuel assemblies (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_fuel_composition.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 39Typical composition of uranium dioxide fuel before and after approximately three years in the once-through nuclear fuel cycle of a LWR (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 39Typical composition of uranium dioxide fuel before and after approximately three years in the once-through nuclear fuel cycle of a LWR (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nuclear_fuel_composition.svg/120px-Nuclear_fuel_composition.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nuclear_fuel_composition.svg/180px-Nuclear_fuel_composition.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nuclear_fuel_composition.svg/240px-Nuclear_fuel_composition.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="572" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 39</span></span>Typical composition of <a href="/wiki/Uranium_dioxide" title="Uranium dioxide">uranium dioxide</a> fuel before and after approximately three years in the <a href="/wiki/Once-through_nuclear_fuel_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Once-through nuclear fuel cycle">once-through nuclear fuel cycle</a> of a <a href="/wiki/LWR" class="mw-redirect" title="LWR">LWR</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uranium_enrichment_proportions_(horizontal).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 40Proportions of the isotopes uranium-238 (blue) and uranium-235 (red) found in natural uranium and in enriched uranium for different applications. Light water reactors use 3–5% enriched uranium, while CANDU reactors work with natural uranium. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 40Proportions of the isotopes uranium-238 (blue) and uranium-235 (red) found in natural uranium and in enriched uranium for different applications. Light water reactors use 3–5% enriched uranium, while CANDU reactors work with natural uranium. (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Uranium_enrichment_proportions_%28horizontal%29.svg/120px-Uranium_enrichment_proportions_%28horizontal%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Uranium_enrichment_proportions_%28horizontal%29.svg/180px-Uranium_enrichment_proportions_%28horizontal%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Uranium_enrichment_proportions_%28horizontal%29.svg/240px-Uranium_enrichment_proportions_%28horizontal%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 40</span></span>Proportions of the isotopes <a href="/wiki/Uranium-238" title="Uranium-238">uranium-238</a> (blue) and uranium-235 (red) found in natural uranium and in <a href="/wiki/Enriched_uranium" title="Enriched uranium">enriched uranium</a> for different applications. Light water reactors use 3–5% enriched uranium, while <a href="/wiki/CANDU" class="mw-redirect" title="CANDU">CANDU</a> reactors work with natural uranium. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 41A demilitarized, commercial launch of the Russian Strategic Rocket Forces R-36 ICBM; also known by the NATO reporting name: SS-18 Satan. Upon its first fielding in the late 1960s, the SS-18 remains the single highest throw weight missile delivery system ever built. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 41A demilitarized, commercial launch of the Russian Strategic Rocket Forces R-36 ICBM; also known by the NATO reporting name: SS-18 Satan. Upon its first fielding in the late 1960s, the SS-18 remains the single highest throw weight missile delivery system ever built. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg/90px-Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg/135px-Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg/180px-Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="785" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 41</span></span>A demilitarized, <a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">commercial launch</a> of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Strategic Rocket Forces">Strategic Rocket Forces</a> R-36 <a href="/wiki/ICBM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICBM">ICBM</a>; also known by the NATO reporting name: <a href="/wiki/SS-18_Satan" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-18 Satan">SS-18 Satan</a>. Upon its first fielding in the late 1960s, the SS-18 remains the single highest <a href="/wiki/Throw_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Throw weight">throw weight</a> missile delivery system ever built. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChicagoPileTeam.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 42Some of the Chicago Pile Team, including Enrico Fermi and Leó Szilárd (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 42Some of the Chicago Pile Team, including Enrico Fermi and Leó Szilárd (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ChicagoPileTeam.png/120px-ChicagoPileTeam.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ChicagoPileTeam.png/180px-ChicagoPileTeam.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ChicagoPileTeam.png/240px-ChicagoPileTeam.png 2x" data-file-width="1546" data-file-height="1148" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 42</span></span>Some of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pile-1" title="Chicago Pile-1">Chicago Pile Team</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3_Szil%C3%A1rd" class="mw-redirect" title="Leó Szilárd">Leó Szilárd</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_450312_Treatment_of_interior_part_of_reactor_frame.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 43Treatment of the interior part of a VVER-1000 reactor frame at Atommash (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 43Treatment of the interior part of a VVER-1000 reactor frame at Atommash (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RIAN_archive_450312_Treatment_of_interior_part_of_reactor_frame.jpg/120px-RIAN_archive_450312_Treatment_of_interior_part_of_reactor_frame.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RIAN_archive_450312_Treatment_of_interior_part_of_reactor_frame.jpg/180px-RIAN_archive_450312_Treatment_of_interior_part_of_reactor_frame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RIAN_archive_450312_Treatment_of_interior_part_of_reactor_frame.jpg/240px-RIAN_archive_450312_Treatment_of_interior_part_of_reactor_frame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1010" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 43</span></span>Treatment of the interior part of a <a href="/wiki/VVER" title="VVER">VVER-1000</a> reactor frame at <a href="/wiki/Atommash" title="Atommash">Atommash</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diablo_canyon_nuclear_power_plant.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 44Diablo Canyon – a PWR (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 44Diablo Canyon – a PWR (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Diablo_canyon_nuclear_power_plant.jpg/120px-Diablo_canyon_nuclear_power_plant.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Diablo_canyon_nuclear_power_plant.jpg/180px-Diablo_canyon_nuclear_power_plant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Diablo_canyon_nuclear_power_plant.jpg/240px-Diablo_canyon_nuclear_power_plant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 44</span></span><a href="/wiki/Diablo_Canyon_Power_Plant" title="Diablo Canyon Power Plant">Diablo Canyon</a> – a PWR (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teller-Ulam_device_3D.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 45The basics of the Teller–Ulam design for a hydrogen bomb: a fission bomb uses radiation to compress and heat a separate section of fusion fuel. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 45The basics of the Teller–Ulam design for a hydrogen bomb: a fission bomb uses radiation to compress and heat a separate section of fusion fuel. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Teller-Ulam_device_3D.svg/66px-Teller-Ulam_device_3D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Teller-Ulam_device_3D.svg/99px-Teller-Ulam_device_3D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Teller-Ulam_device_3D.svg/133px-Teller-Ulam_device_3D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 45</span></span>The basics of the <a href="/wiki/Teller%E2%80%93Ulam_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Teller–Ulam design">Teller–Ulam design</a> for a hydrogen bomb: a fission bomb uses radiation to compress and heat a separate section of fusion fuel. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpha-Gamma_Hot_Cell_Facility_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 46Most waste packaging, small-scale experimental fuel recycling chemistry and radiopharmaceutical refinement is conducted within remote-handled hot cells. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 46Most waste packaging, small-scale experimental fuel recycling chemistry and radiopharmaceutical refinement is conducted within remote-handled hot cells. (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Alpha-Gamma_Hot_Cell_Facility_001.jpg/120px-Alpha-Gamma_Hot_Cell_Facility_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Alpha-Gamma_Hot_Cell_Facility_001.jpg/180px-Alpha-Gamma_Hot_Cell_Facility_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Alpha-Gamma_Hot_Cell_Facility_001.jpg/240px-Alpha-Gamma_Hot_Cell_Facility_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 46</span></span>Most waste packaging, small-scale experimental fuel recycling chemistry and <a href="/wiki/Radiopharmaceutical" title="Radiopharmaceutical">radiopharmaceutical</a> refinement is conducted within remote-handled <a href="/wiki/Hot_cell" title="Hot cell">hot cells</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oppenheimer_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 47J. Robert Oppenheimer, principal leader of the Manhattan Project, often referred to as the "father of the atomic bomb". (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 47J. Robert Oppenheimer, principal leader of the Manhattan Project, often referred to as the "father of the atomic bomb". (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oppenheimer_%28cropped%29.jpg/82px-Oppenheimer_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oppenheimer_%28cropped%29.jpg/124px-Oppenheimer_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oppenheimer_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Oppenheimer_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="2471" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 47</span></span><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a>, principal leader of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>, often referred to as the "father of the atomic bomb". (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:W87_MX_Missile_schematic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 48The now decommissioned United States' Peacekeeper missile was an ICBM developed to replace the Minuteman missile in the late 1980s. Each missile, like the heavier lift Russian SS-18 Satan, could contain up to ten nuclear warheads (shown in red), each of which could be aimed at a different target. A factor in the development of MIRVs was to make complete missile defense difficult for an enemy country. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 48The now decommissioned United States' Peacekeeper missile was an ICBM developed to replace the Minuteman missile in the late 1980s. Each missile, like the heavier lift Russian SS-18 Satan, could contain up to ten nuclear warheads (shown in red), each of which could be aimed at a different target. A factor in the development of MIRVs was to make complete missile defense difficult for an enemy country. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/W87_MX_Missile_schematic.jpg/120px-W87_MX_Missile_schematic.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/W87_MX_Missile_schematic.jpg/180px-W87_MX_Missile_schematic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/W87_MX_Missile_schematic.jpg/240px-W87_MX_Missile_schematic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="662" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 48</span></span>The now decommissioned United States' <a href="/wiki/LG-118A_Peacekeeper" class="mw-redirect" title="LG-118A Peacekeeper">Peacekeeper missile</a> was an <a href="/wiki/ICBM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICBM">ICBM</a> developed to replace the <a href="/wiki/Minuteman_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuteman missile">Minuteman missile</a> in the late 1980s. Each missile, like the <a href="/wiki/Throw_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Throw weight">heavier lift</a> Russian <a href="/wiki/SS-18_Satan" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-18 Satan">SS-18 Satan</a>, could contain up to ten nuclear warheads (shown in red), each of which could be aimed at a different target. A factor in the development of <a href="/wiki/MIRV" class="mw-redirect" title="MIRV">MIRVs</a> was to make complete <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">missile defense</a> difficult for an enemy country. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_425_003_001_(9786811206).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 49Schematic of the ITER tokamak under construction in France (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 49Schematic of the ITER tokamak under construction in France (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_425_003_001_%289786811206%29.jpg/120px-U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_425_003_001_%289786811206%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_425_003_001_%289786811206%29.jpg/180px-U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_425_003_001_%289786811206%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_425_003_001_%289786811206%29.jpg/240px-U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_425_003_001_%289786811206%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="2040" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 49</span></span>Schematic of the <a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">ITER</a> <a href="/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak">tokamak</a> under construction in France (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CANDU_at_Qinshan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 50The CANDU Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 50The CANDU Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/CANDU_at_Qinshan.jpg/120px-CANDU_at_Qinshan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/CANDU_at_Qinshan.jpg/180px-CANDU_at_Qinshan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/CANDU_at_Qinshan.jpg/240px-CANDU_at_Qinshan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 50</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/CANDU" class="mw-redirect" title="CANDU">CANDU</a> <a href="/wiki/Qinshan_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant">Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 51The Chicago Pile, the first artificial nuclear reactor, built in secrecy at the University of Chicago in 1942 during World War II as part of the US's Manhattan project (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 51The Chicago Pile, the first artificial nuclear reactor, built in secrecy at the University of Chicago in 1942 during World War II as part of the US's Manhattan project (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg/120px-Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg/180px-Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg/240px-Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 51</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pile-1" title="Chicago Pile-1">Chicago Pile</a>, the first artificial nuclear reactor, built in secrecy at the University of Chicago in 1942 during World War II as part of the US's <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan project">Manhattan project</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 52The first light bulbs ever lit by electricity generated by nuclear power at EBR-1 at Argonne National Laboratory-West, December 20, 1951. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 52The first light bulbs ever lit by electricity generated by nuclear power at EBR-1 at Argonne National Laboratory-West, December 20, 1951. (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg/120px-First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg/180px-First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg/240px-First_four_nuclear_lit_bulbs.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 52</span></span>The first light bulbs ever lit by electricity generated by nuclear power at <a href="/wiki/EBR-1" class="mw-redirect" title="EBR-1">EBR-1</a> at <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a>-West, December 20, 1951. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Energy_Production_Death_Rates_per_TWh.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 53Death rates per unit of electricity production for different energy sources (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 53Death rates per unit of electricity production for different energy sources (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Energy_Production_Death_Rates_per_TWh.png/120px-Energy_Production_Death_Rates_per_TWh.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Energy_Production_Death_Rates_per_TWh.png/180px-Energy_Production_Death_Rates_per_TWh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Energy_Production_Death_Rates_per_TWh.png/240px-Energy_Production_Death_Rates_per_TWh.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2765" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 53</span></span>Death rates per unit of electricity production for different energy sources (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Decay_heat_illustration2.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 54Reactor decay heat as a fraction of full power after the reactor shutdown, using two different correlations. To remove the decay heat, reactors need cooling after the shutdown of the fission reactions. A loss of the ability to remove decay heat caused the Fukushima accident. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 54Reactor decay heat as a fraction of full power after the reactor shutdown, using two different correlations. To remove the decay heat, reactors need cooling after the shutdown of the fission reactions. A loss of the ability to remove decay heat caused the Fukushima accident. (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Decay_heat_illustration2.PNG/120px-Decay_heat_illustration2.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Decay_heat_illustration2.PNG/180px-Decay_heat_illustration2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Decay_heat_illustration2.PNG/240px-Decay_heat_illustration2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 54</span></span>Reactor <a href="/wiki/Decay_heat" title="Decay heat">decay heat</a> as a fraction of full power after the reactor shutdown, using two different correlations. To remove the decay heat, reactors need cooling after the shutdown of the fission reactions. A loss of the ability to remove decay heat caused the <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_accident" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima accident">Fukushima accident</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HPR1000,_reactor_coolant_system.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 55Primary coolant system showing reactor pressure vessel (red), steam generators (purple), pressurizer (blue), and pumps (green) in the three coolant loop Hualong One pressurized water reactor design (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 55Primary coolant system showing reactor pressure vessel (red), steam generators (purple), pressurizer (blue), and pumps (green) in the three coolant loop Hualong One pressurized water reactor design (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HPR1000%2C_reactor_coolant_system.png/108px-HPR1000%2C_reactor_coolant_system.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HPR1000%2C_reactor_coolant_system.png/163px-HPR1000%2C_reactor_coolant_system.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HPR1000%2C_reactor_coolant_system.png/217px-HPR1000%2C_reactor_coolant_system.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="817" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 55</span></span>Primary coolant system showing <a href="/wiki/Reactor_pressure_vessel" title="Reactor pressure vessel">reactor pressure vessel</a> (red), <a href="/wiki/Steam_generator_(nuclear_power)" title="Steam generator (nuclear power)">steam generators</a> (purple), <a href="/wiki/Pressurizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressurizer">pressurizer</a> (blue), and pumps (green) in the three coolant loop <a href="/wiki/Hualong_One" title="Hualong One">Hualong One</a> <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor" title="Pressurized water reactor">pressurized water reactor</a> design (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WIPP-04.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 56Nuclear waste flasks generated by the United States during the Cold War are stored underground at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. The facility is seen as a potential demonstration for storing spent fuel from civilian reactors. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Storage of radioactive waste at WIPP" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/WIPP-04.jpeg/120px-WIPP-04.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/WIPP-04.jpeg/180px-WIPP-04.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/WIPP-04.jpeg/240px-WIPP-04.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 56</span></span><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_flask" title="Nuclear flask">Nuclear waste flasks</a> generated by the United States during the Cold War are stored underground at the <a href="/wiki/Waste_Isolation_Pilot_Plant" title="Waste Isolation Pilot Plant">Waste Isolation Pilot Plant</a> (WIPP) in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>. The facility is seen as a potential demonstration for storing spent fuel from civilian reactors. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sizewell_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 57The Magnox Sizewell A nuclear power station (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 57The Magnox Sizewell A nuclear power station (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Sizewell_A.jpg/120px-Sizewell_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Sizewell_A.jpg/180px-Sizewell_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Sizewell_A.jpg/240px-Sizewell_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1572" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 57</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Magnox" title="Magnox">Magnox</a> <a href="/wiki/Sizewell_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Sizewell A">Sizewell A</a> nuclear power station (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumiteru_Taniguchi_back.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 58A photograph of Sumiteru Taniguchi's back injuries taken in January 1946 by a U.S. Marine photographer (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 58A photograph of Sumiteru Taniguchi's back injuries taken in January 1946 by a U.S. Marine photographer (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sumiteru_Taniguchi_back.jpg/120px-Sumiteru_Taniguchi_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sumiteru_Taniguchi_back.jpg/180px-Sumiteru_Taniguchi_back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sumiteru_Taniguchi_back.jpg/240px-Sumiteru_Taniguchi_back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 58</span></span>A photograph of <a href="/wiki/Sumiteru_Taniguchi" title="Sumiteru Taniguchi">Sumiteru Taniguchi</a>'s back injuries taken in January 1946 by a U.S. Marine photographer (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 59Drawing of the first artificial reactor, Chicago Pile-1 (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 59Drawing of the first artificial reactor, Chicago Pile-1 (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg/120px-Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg/180px-Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg/240px-Stagg_Field_reactor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 59</span></span>Drawing of the first artificial reactor, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pile-1" title="Chicago Pile-1">Chicago Pile-1</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Superph%C3%A9nix.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 60The Superphénix, closed in 1998, was one of the few FBRs. (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 60The Superphénix, closed in 1998, was one of the few FBRs. (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Superph%C3%A9nix.jpg/120px-Superph%C3%A9nix.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Superph%C3%A9nix.jpg/180px-Superph%C3%A9nix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Superph%C3%A9nix.jpg/240px-Superph%C3%A9nix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2751" data-file-height="1812" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 60</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Superph%C3%A9nix" title="Superphénix">Superphénix</a>, closed in 1998, was one of the few FBRs. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rael_Nuclear_use_locations_world_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 61Over 2,000 nuclear tests have been conducted in over a dozen different sites around the world. Red Russia/Soviet Union, blue France, light blue United States, violet Britain, yellow China, orange India, brown Pakistan, green North Korea and light green (territories exposed to nuclear bombs). The Black dot indicates the location of the Vela incident. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 61Over 2,000 nuclear tests have been conducted in over a dozen different sites around the world. Red Russia/Soviet Union, blue France, light blue United States, violet Britain, yellow China, orange India, brown Pakistan, green North Korea and light green (territories exposed to nuclear bombs). The Black dot indicates the location of the Vela incident. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Rael_Nuclear_use_locations_world_map.png/120px-Rael_Nuclear_use_locations_world_map.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Rael_Nuclear_use_locations_world_map.png/180px-Rael_Nuclear_use_locations_world_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Rael_Nuclear_use_locations_world_map.png/240px-Rael_Nuclear_use_locations_world_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 61</span></span>Over 2,000 nuclear tests have been conducted in over a dozen different sites around the world. Red Russia/Soviet Union, blue France, light blue United States, violet Britain, yellow China, orange India, brown Pakistan, green North Korea and light green (territories exposed to nuclear bombs). The Black dot indicates the location of the <a href="/wiki/Vela_incident" title="Vela incident">Vela incident</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 62The "curve of binding energy": A graph of binding energy per nucleon of common isotopes. (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 62The "curve of binding energy": A graph of binding energy per nucleon of common isotopes. (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg/120px-Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg/180px-Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg/240px-Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="441" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 62</span></span>The "curve of binding energy": A graph of binding energy per nucleon of common isotopes. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hahn_and_Meitner_in_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 63Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner in 1912 (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 63Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner in 1912 (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Hahn_and_Meitner_in_1912.jpg/120px-Hahn_and_Meitner_in_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Hahn_and_Meitner_in_1912.jpg/180px-Hahn_and_Meitner_in_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Hahn_and_Meitner_in_1912.jpg/240px-Hahn_and_Meitner_in_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 63</span></span><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitner</a> in 1912 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:180326-N-UK333-189_(41145118741).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 64Ballistic missile submarines have been of great strategic importance for the United States, Russia, and other nuclear powers since they entered service in the Cold War, as they can hide from reconnaissance satellites and fire their nuclear weapons with virtual impunity. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 64Ballistic missile submarines have been of great strategic importance for the United States, Russia, and other nuclear powers since they entered service in the Cold War, as they can hide from reconnaissance satellites and fire their nuclear weapons with virtual impunity. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/180326-N-UK333-189_%2841145118741%29.jpg/120px-180326-N-UK333-189_%2841145118741%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/180326-N-UK333-189_%2841145118741%29.jpg/180px-180326-N-UK333-189_%2841145118741%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/180326-N-UK333-189_%2841145118741%29.jpg/240px-180326-N-UK333-189_%2841145118741%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 64</span></span><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">Ballistic missile submarines</a> have been of great strategic importance for the United States, Russia, and other nuclear powers since they entered service in the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, as they can hide from <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">reconnaissance satellites</a> and fire their nuclear weapons with virtual impunity. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucky1.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 65Animation of a Coulomb explosion in the case of a cluster of positively charged nuclei, akin to a cluster of fission fragments. Hue level of color is proportional to (larger) nuclei charge. Electrons (smaller) on this time-scale are seen only stroboscopically and the hue level is their kinetic energy. (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 65Animation of a Coulomb explosion in the case of a cluster of positively charged nuclei, akin to a cluster of fission fragments. Hue level of color is proportional to (larger) nuclei charge. Electrons (smaller) on this time-scale are seen only stroboscopically and the hue level is their kinetic energy. (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bucky1.gif/120px-Bucky1.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bucky1.gif/180px-Bucky1.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bucky1.gif/240px-Bucky1.gif 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 65</span></span>Animation of a <a href="/wiki/Coulomb_explosion" title="Coulomb explosion">Coulomb explosion</a> in the case of a cluster of positively charged nuclei, akin to a cluster of fission fragments. <a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">Hue</a> level of color is proportional to (larger) nuclei charge. Electrons (smaller) on this time-scale are seen only stroboscopically and the hue level is their kinetic energy. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minuteman_III_launches_from_Vandenberg_(2425138).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 66A Minuteman III ICBM test launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base, United States. MIRVed land-based ICBMs are considered destabilizing because they tend to put a premium on striking first. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 66A Minuteman III ICBM test launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base, United States. MIRVed land-based ICBMs are considered destabilizing because they tend to put a premium on striking first. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Minuteman_III_launches_from_Vandenberg_%282425138%29.jpg/120px-Minuteman_III_launches_from_Vandenberg_%282425138%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Minuteman_III_launches_from_Vandenberg_%282425138%29.jpg/180px-Minuteman_III_launches_from_Vandenberg_%282425138%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Minuteman_III_launches_from_Vandenberg_%282425138%29.jpg/240px-Minuteman_III_launches_from_Vandenberg_%282425138%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 66</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">Minuteman III</a> ICBM test launch from <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a>, United States. <a href="/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle" title="Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle">MIRVed</a> land-based <a href="/wiki/ICBM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICBM">ICBMs</a> are considered destabilizing because they tend to put a premium on <a href="/wiki/First_strike_(nuclear_strategy)" title="First strike (nuclear strategy)">striking first</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear-Fuel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 67Nuclear fuel assemblies being inspected before entering a pressurized water reactor in the United States (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 67Nuclear fuel assemblies being inspected before entering a pressurized water reactor in the United States (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nuclear-Fuel.jpg/78px-Nuclear-Fuel.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nuclear-Fuel.jpg/117px-Nuclear-Fuel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nuclear-Fuel.jpg/156px-Nuclear-Fuel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 67</span></span><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel" title="Nuclear fuel">Nuclear fuel</a> assemblies being inspected before entering a <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor" title="Pressurized water reactor">pressurized water reactor</a> in the United States (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thermal_reactor_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 68In thermal nuclear reactors (LWRs in specific), the coolant acts as a moderator that must slow down the neutrons before they can be efficiently absorbed by the fuel. (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 68In thermal nuclear reactors (LWRs in specific), the coolant acts as a moderator that must slow down the neutrons before they can be efficiently absorbed by the fuel. (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Thermal_reactor_diagram.png/120px-Thermal_reactor_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Thermal_reactor_diagram.png/180px-Thermal_reactor_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Thermal_reactor_diagram.png/240px-Thermal_reactor_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="714" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 68</span></span>In thermal nuclear reactors (LWRs in specific), the coolant acts as a moderator that must slow down the neutrons before they can be efficiently absorbed by the fuel. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Torness_Nuclear_Power_Station,_Scotland.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 69The Torness nuclear power station – an AGR (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 69The Torness nuclear power station – an AGR (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Torness_Nuclear_Power_Station%2C_Scotland.JPG/120px-Torness_Nuclear_Power_Station%2C_Scotland.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Torness_Nuclear_Power_Station%2C_Scotland.JPG/180px-Torness_Nuclear_Power_Station%2C_Scotland.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Torness_Nuclear_Power_Station%2C_Scotland.JPG/240px-Torness_Nuclear_Power_Station%2C_Scotland.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="996" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 69</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Torness_nuclear_power_station" title="Torness nuclear power station">Torness nuclear power station</a> – an AGR (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UFission.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 70A visual representation of an induced nuclear fission event where a slow-moving neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom, which fissions into two fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and additional neutrons. Most of the energy released is in the form of the kinetic velocities of the fission products and the neutrons. (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 70A visual representation of an induced nuclear fission event where a slow-moving neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom, which fissions into two fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and additional neutrons. Most of the energy released is in the form of the kinetic velocities of the fission products and the neutrons. (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/UFission.gif/120px-UFission.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/UFission.gif/180px-UFission.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/UFission.gif/240px-UFission.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 70</span></span>A visual representation of an induced nuclear fission event where a slow-moving neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom, which fissions into two fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and additional neutrons. Most of the energy released is in the form of the kinetic velocities of the fission products and the neutrons. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trident_C-4_montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 71Montage of an inert test of a United States Trident SLBM (submarine launched ballistic missile), from submerged to the terminal, or re-entry phase, of the multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 71Montage of an inert test of a United States Trident SLBM (submarine launched ballistic missile), from submerged to the terminal, or re-entry phase, of the multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trident_C-4_montage.jpg/120px-Trident_C-4_montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trident_C-4_montage.jpg/180px-Trident_C-4_montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trident_C-4_montage.jpg/240px-Trident_C-4_montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="1826" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 71</span></span>Montage of an inert test of a United States <a href="/wiki/Trident_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Trident missile">Trident</a> <a href="/wiki/SLBM" class="mw-redirect" title="SLBM">SLBM</a> (submarine launched ballistic missile), from submerged to the <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense#Terminal_phase" title="Missile defense">terminal</a>, or re-entry phase, of the <a href="/wiki/Multiple_independently_targetable_reentry_vehicle" title="Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle">multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 72Three of the reactors at Fukushima I overheated, causing the coolant water to dissociate and led to the hydrogen explosions. This along with fuel meltdowns released large amounts of radioactive material into the air. (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 72Three of the reactors at Fukushima I overheated, causing the coolant water to dissociate and led to the hydrogen explosions. This along with fuel meltdowns released large amounts of radioactive material into the air. (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe.jpg/120px-Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe.jpg/180px-Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe.jpg/240px-Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="916" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 72</span></span>Three of the reactors at <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_I_nuclear_accidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima I nuclear accidents">Fukushima I</a> overheated, causing the coolant water to <a href="/wiki/Water_splitting" title="Water splitting">dissociate</a> and led to the hydrogen explosions. This along with fuel <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_meltdown" title="Nuclear meltdown">meltdowns</a> released large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a> material into the air. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Essais_nucleaires_manif.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 73Demonstration against nuclear testing in Lyon, France, in the 1980s. (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 73Demonstration against nuclear testing in Lyon, France, in the 1980s. (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Essais_nucleaires_manif.jpg/120px-Essais_nucleaires_manif.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Essais_nucleaires_manif.jpg/180px-Essais_nucleaires_manif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Essais_nucleaires_manif.jpg/240px-Essais_nucleaires_manif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3486" data-file-height="1695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 73</span></span>Demonstration against nuclear testing in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France, in the 1980s. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_Fission_Experimental_Apparatus_1938_-_Deutsches_Museum_-_Munich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 74The nuclear fission display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The table and instruments are originals, but would not have been together in the same room. (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 74The nuclear fission display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The table and instruments are originals, but would not have been together in the same room. (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nuclear_Fission_Experimental_Apparatus_1938_-_Deutsches_Museum_-_Munich.jpg/120px-Nuclear_Fission_Experimental_Apparatus_1938_-_Deutsches_Museum_-_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nuclear_Fission_Experimental_Apparatus_1938_-_Deutsches_Museum_-_Munich.jpg/180px-Nuclear_Fission_Experimental_Apparatus_1938_-_Deutsches_Museum_-_Munich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nuclear_Fission_Experimental_Apparatus_1938_-_Deutsches_Museum_-_Munich.jpg/240px-Nuclear_Fission_Experimental_Apparatus_1938_-_Deutsches_Museum_-_Munich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 74</span></span>The nuclear fission display at the <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Museum" title="Deutsches Museum">Deutsches Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>. The table and instruments are originals, but would not have been together in the same room. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 75United States and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945–2006. The Megatons to Megawatts Program was the main driving force behind the sharp reduction in the quantity of nuclear weapons worldwide since the cold war ended. (from Nuclear power)"><img alt="Image 75United States and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945–2006. The Megatons to Megawatts Program was the main driving force behind the sharp reduction in the quantity of nuclear weapons worldwide since the cold war ended. (from Nuclear power)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg/120px-US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg/180px-US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg/240px-US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 75</span></span>United States and <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>/Russian <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons">nuclear weapons</a> stockpiles, 1945–2006. The <a href="/wiki/Megatons_to_Megawatts_Program" title="Megatons to Megawatts Program">Megatons to Megawatts Program</a> was the main driving force behind the sharp reduction in the quantity of nuclear weapons worldwide since the cold war ended. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fission_chain_reaction.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 76A schematic nuclear fission chain reaction. 1. A uranium-235 atom absorbs a neutron and fissions into two new atoms (fission fragments), releasing three new neutrons and some binding energy. 2. One of those neutrons is absorbed by an atom of uranium-238 and does not continue the reaction. Another neutron is simply lost and does not collide with anything, also not continuing the reaction. However, the one neutron does collide with an atom of uranium-235, which then fissions and releases two neutrons and some binding energy. 3. Both of those neutrons collide with uranium-235 atoms, each of which fissions and releases between one and three neutrons, which can then continue the reaction. (from Nuclear fission)"><img alt="Image 76A schematic nuclear fission chain reaction. 1. A uranium-235 atom absorbs a neutron and fissions into two new atoms (fission fragments), releasing three new neutrons and some binding energy. 2. One of those neutrons is absorbed by an atom of uranium-238 and does not continue the reaction. Another neutron is simply lost and does not collide with anything, also not continuing the reaction. However, the one neutron does collide with an atom of uranium-235, which then fissions and releases two neutrons and some binding energy. 3. Both of those neutrons collide with uranium-235 atoms, each of which fissions and releases between one and three neutrons, which can then continue the reaction. (from Nuclear fission)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Fission_chain_reaction.svg/78px-Fission_chain_reaction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Fission_chain_reaction.svg/117px-Fission_chain_reaction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Fission_chain_reaction.svg/156px-Fission_chain_reaction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="766" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 76</span></span>A schematic nuclear fission chain reaction. 1. A uranium-235 atom absorbs a neutron and fissions into two new atoms (fission fragments), releasing three new neutrons and some binding energy. 2. One of those neutrons is absorbed by an atom of <a href="/wiki/Uranium-238" title="Uranium-238">uranium-238</a> and does not continue the reaction. Another neutron is simply lost and does not collide with anything, also not continuing the reaction. However, the one neutron does collide with an atom of uranium-235, which then fissions and releases two neutrons and some binding energy. 3. Both of those neutrons collide with uranium-235 atoms, each of which fissions and releases between one and three neutrons, which can then continue the reaction. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-nuclear_weapons_protest,_UK_1980.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 77Anti-nuclear weapons protest march in Oxford, 1980 (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 77Anti-nuclear weapons protest march in Oxford, 1980 (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Anti-nuclear_weapons_protest%2C_UK_1980.JPG/120px-Anti-nuclear_weapons_protest%2C_UK_1980.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Anti-nuclear_weapons_protest%2C_UK_1980.JPG/180px-Anti-nuclear_weapons_protest%2C_UK_1980.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Anti-nuclear_weapons_protest%2C_UK_1980.JPG/240px-Anti-nuclear_weapons_protest%2C_UK_1980.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2544" data-file-height="1696" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 77</span></span><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">Anti-nuclear weapons</a> protest march in Oxford, 1980 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_fission.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 78An example of an induced nuclear fission event. A neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom, which in turn splits into fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and free neutrons. Though both reactors and nuclear weapons rely on nuclear chain reactions, the rate of reactions in a reactor is much slower than in a bomb. (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 78An example of an induced nuclear fission event. A neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom, which in turn splits into fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and free neutrons. Though both reactors and nuclear weapons rely on nuclear chain reactions, the rate of reactions in a reactor is much slower than in a bomb. (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nuclear_fission.svg/77px-Nuclear_fission.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nuclear_fission.svg/115px-Nuclear_fission.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nuclear_fission.svg/154px-Nuclear_fission.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 78</span></span>An example of an induced nuclear fission event. A neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom, which in turn splits into fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and free neutrons. Though both reactors and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons">nuclear weapons</a> rely on nuclear chain reactions, the rate of reactions in a reactor is much slower than in a bomb. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Missile_and_Space_Gallery_overview_at_the_USAF_National_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 79An assortment of American nuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles at the National Museum of the United States Air Force. Clockwise from top left: PGM-17 Thor, LGM-25C Titan II, HGM-25A Titan I, Thor-Agena, LGM-30G Minuteman III, LGM-118 Peacekeeper, LGM-30A/B/F Minuteman I or II, PGM-19 Jupiter (from Nuclear weapon)"><img alt="Image 79An assortment of American nuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles at the National Museum of the United States Air Force. Clockwise from top left: PGM-17 Thor, LGM-25C Titan II, HGM-25A Titan I, Thor-Agena, LGM-30G Minuteman III, LGM-118 Peacekeeper, LGM-30A/B/F Minuteman I or II, PGM-19 Jupiter (from Nuclear weapon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Missile_and_Space_Gallery_overview_at_the_USAF_National_Museum.jpg/120px-Missile_and_Space_Gallery_overview_at_the_USAF_National_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Missile_and_Space_Gallery_overview_at_the_USAF_National_Museum.jpg/180px-Missile_and_Space_Gallery_overview_at_the_USAF_National_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Missile_and_Space_Gallery_overview_at_the_USAF_National_Museum.jpg/240px-Missile_and_Space_Gallery_overview_at_the_USAF_National_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 79</span></span>An assortment of American nuclear <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a>. <b>Clockwise from top left:</b> <a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor" title="PGM-17 Thor">PGM-17 Thor</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II" title="LGM-25C Titan II">LGM-25C Titan II</a>, <a href="/wiki/HGM-25A_Titan_I" title="HGM-25A Titan I">HGM-25A Titan I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Thor-Agena</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGM-30G_Minuteman_III" class="mw-redirect" title="LGM-30G Minuteman III">LGM-30G Minuteman III</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">LGM-118 Peacekeeper</a>, LGM-30A/B/F Minuteman I or II, <a href="/wiki/PGM-19_Jupiter" title="PGM-19 Jupiter">PGM-19 Jupiter</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapon</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulstar2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 80NC State's PULSTAR Reactor is a 1 MW pool-type research reactor with 4% enriched, pin-type fuel consisting of UO2 pellets in zircaloy cladding. (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 80NC State's PULSTAR Reactor is a 1 MW pool-type research reactor with 4% enriched, pin-type fuel consisting of UO2 pellets in zircaloy cladding. (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pulstar2.jpg/90px-Pulstar2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pulstar2.jpg/135px-Pulstar2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pulstar2.jpg/180px-Pulstar2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 80</span></span><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_State_University" title="North Carolina State University">NC State</a>'s PULSTAR Reactor is a 1 MW pool-type <a href="/wiki/Research_reactor" title="Research reactor">research reactor</a> with 4% enriched, pin-type fuel consisting of UO<sub>2</sub> pellets in <a href="/wiki/Zircaloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Zircaloy">zircaloy</a> cladding. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elektrownia_Ignalina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 81The Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant – a RBMK type (closed 2009) (from Nuclear reactor)"><img alt="Image 81The Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant – a RBMK type (closed 2009) (from Nuclear reactor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Elektrownia_Ignalina.jpg/120px-Elektrownia_Ignalina.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Elektrownia_Ignalina.jpg/180px-Elektrownia_Ignalina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Elektrownia_Ignalina.jpg/240px-Elektrownia_Ignalina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 81</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Ignalina_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant">Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant</a> – a RBMK type (closed 2009) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div></div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Nuclear_technology&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996214246"><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ANuclear_technology%2FArticles%2F50&action=edit"><span style="color:#000000">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_article_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Nuclear_technology&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 140px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Prime_Minister_Mackenzie_King,_with_President_Franklin_D_Roosevelt,_and_Winston_Churchill_during_the_Quebec_Conference,_18_August_1943._H32129.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Canadian_Prime_Minister_Mackenzie_King%2C_with_President_Franklin_D_Roosevelt%2C_and_Winston_Churchill_during_the_Quebec_Conference%2C_18_August_1943._H32129.jpg/140px-Canadian_Prime_Minister_Mackenzie_King%2C_with_President_Franklin_D_Roosevelt%2C_and_Winston_Churchill_during_the_Quebec_Conference%2C_18_August_1943._H32129.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Canadian_Prime_Minister_Mackenzie_King%2C_with_President_Franklin_D_Roosevelt%2C_and_Winston_Churchill_during_the_Quebec_Conference%2C_18_August_1943._H32129.jpg/210px-Canadian_Prime_Minister_Mackenzie_King%2C_with_President_Franklin_D_Roosevelt%2C_and_Winston_Churchill_during_the_Quebec_Conference%2C_18_August_1943._H32129.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Canadian_Prime_Minister_Mackenzie_King%2C_with_President_Franklin_D_Roosevelt%2C_and_Winston_Churchill_during_the_Quebec_Conference%2C_18_August_1943._H32129.jpg/280px-Canadian_Prime_Minister_Mackenzie_King%2C_with_President_Franklin_D_Roosevelt%2C_and_Winston_Churchill_during_the_Quebec_Conference%2C_18_August_1943._H32129.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div> </div>The <b><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Agreement" title="Quebec Agreement">Quebec Agreement</a></b> was a secret agreement between the United Kingdom and the United States outlining the terms for the coordinated development of the science and engineering related to <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear energy</a> and specifically <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>. It was signed by <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> on 19 August 1943, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/First_Quebec_Conference" title="First Quebec Conference">First Quebec Conference</a> in Quebec City, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada. <p>The Quebec Agreement stipulated that the US and UK would pool their resources to develop nuclear weapons, and that neither country would use them against the other, or against other countries without mutual consent, or pass information about them to other countries. It also gave the United States a veto over post-war British commercial or industrial uses of nuclear energy. The agreement merged the British <a href="/wiki/Tube_Alloys" title="Tube Alloys">Tube Alloys</a> project with the American <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>, and created the <b>Combined Policy Committee</b> to control the joint project. Although Canada was not a signatory, the Agreement provided for a Canadian representative on the Combined Policy Committee in view of Canada's contribution to the effort. </p><p>British scientists performed important work as part of the <a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution to the Manhattan Project</a>, and in July 1945 British permission required by the agreement was given for the use of nuclear weapons against Japan. The September 1944 <b>Hyde Park Aide-Mémoire</b> extended Anglo-American co-operation into the post-war period, but after the war ended, American enthusiasm for the alliance with Britain waned. The <a href="/wiki/McMahon_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon Act">McMahon Act</a> (1946) ended technical co-operation through its control of "restricted data". On 7 January 1948, the Quebec Agreement was superseded by a <i><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi" title="Modus vivendi">modus vivendi</a></i>, an agreement which allowed for limited sharing of technical information between the United States, Britain and Canada. (<b><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Agreement" title="Quebec Agreement">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div style="float: right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nuclear_technology/Selected_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Nuclear technology/Selected article">More selected articles</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ANuclear_technology%2FPictures%2F7&action=edit"><span style="color:#000000">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_picture_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected picture - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Nuclear_technology&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Fusion_plasma_injector_(32476489803).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/General_Fusion_plasma_injector_%2832476489803%29.jpg/300px-General_Fusion_plasma_injector_%2832476489803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/General_Fusion_plasma_injector_%2832476489803%29.jpg/450px-General_Fusion_plasma_injector_%2832476489803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/General_Fusion_plasma_injector_%2832476489803%29.jpg/600px-General_Fusion_plasma_injector_%2832476489803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0.5em 0.25em 0.85em;"><small>Credit: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/people/67442846@N05">Eye Steel Film</a> from Canada</small></div></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">General Fusion plasma injector</div><div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin-top:0.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nuclear_technology/Selected_picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Nuclear technology/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></b></li></ul></div></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ANuclear_technology%2FDid_you_know&action=edit"><span style="color:#000000">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Did_you_know?" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Did_you_know.3F"></span>Did you know?</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <ul><li>... that during World War II, pilot <b><a href="/wiki/Betty_Clements" title="Betty Clements">G. E. Clements</a></b> was removed from training for secret missions associated with the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> when senior officers realized she was a woman?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Project_Ketch" title="Project Ketch">Project Ketch</a></b> proposed the detonation of a 24-kiloton nuclear device in Pennsylvania to create a natural-gas storage reservoir?</li> <li>... that coral cores from <b><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Reef_(Coral_Sea)" title="Flinders Reef (Coral Sea)">Flinders Reef</a></b> capture environmental changes caused by the use of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>?</li> <li>... that plutonium produced in the nuclear reactors at the <b><a href="/wiki/Hanford_Engineer_Works" title="Hanford Engineer Works">Hanford Engineer Works</a></b> was used in the Fat Man bomb used in the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atomic bombing of Nagasaki in August 1945</a>?</li> <li>... that the British <b><a href="/wiki/National_Hospital_Service_Reserve" title="National Hospital Service Reserve">National Hospital Service Reserve</a></b> trained volunteers to carry out first aid in the aftermath of a nuclear or chemical attack?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Project_Carryall" title="Project Carryall">Project Carryall</a></b> proposed the detonation of 23 nuclear devices in California to build a road?</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Related_WikiProjects" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related WikiProjects</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Group_people_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/58px-Group_people_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="58" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/87px-Group_people_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/116px-Group_people_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Energy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Energy">WikiProject Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Technology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Technology">WikiProject Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Military_history" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history">WikiProject Military history</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ANuclear_technology%2FThings_you_can_do&action=edit"><span style="color:#000000">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Things_you_can_do" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Things you can do</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="box-Update plainlinks ombox ombox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text">Parts of this portal (those related to section) need to be <b>updated</b>. Please help update this portal to reflect recent events or newly available information. Relevant discussion may be found on <a href="/wiki/Portal_talk:Nuclear_technology" title="Portal talk:Nuclear technology"> the talk page</a>. <small><i>(September 2021)</i></small></td></tr></tbody></table></small> <table style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/105px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/140px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><br /> </p> <div style="width:25px;height:0px;"></div> </td> <td> <div style="position:relative;left:-15px;margin-right:-10px;z-index:15">Here are some <i><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal/Opentask" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Community portal/Opentask">Open Tasks</a></b></i> :<ul style="font-size:85%;padding:.3em 0 .3em 25px;margin:0"> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_improving_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Guide to improving articles">Improve</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_tests" class="mw-redirect" title="List of nuclear tests">List of nuclear tests</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons" title="List of nuclear weapons">List of nuclear weapons</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_basic_nuclear_technology_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of basic nuclear technology topics">List of basic nuclear technology topics</a> </li> <li> <b>Requests:</b> </li> <li><b>Stubs:</b> <a href="/wiki/Beta_particle" title="Beta particle">Beta particle</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics" title="General Atomics">General Atomics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutron_economy" title="Neutron economy">Neutron economy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Critical_size" class="mw-redirect" title="Critical size">Critical size</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_feedwater" title="Auxiliary feedwater">Auxiliary feedwater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Power history">Power history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium-233" title="Uranium-233">Uranium-233</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decay_heat" title="Decay heat">Decay heat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reactor_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactor vessel">Reactor vessel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optoelectric_nuclear_battery" title="Optoelectric nuclear battery">Optoelectric nuclear battery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_heater_unit" title="Radioisotope heater unit">Radioisotope heater unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_piezoelectric_generator" title="Radioisotope piezoelectric generator">Radioisotope piezoelectric generator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuel_element_failure" title="Fuel element failure">Fuel element failure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fusion_torch" title="Fusion torch">Fusion torch</a> </li> <li> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Cleanup</a></b>: </li> <li><b>Nominate and vote:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Science_Collaboration_of_the_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Science Collaboration of the Week">Science Collaboration of the Week</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_Improvement_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Article Improvement Drive">Article Improvement Drive</a> </li> </ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ANuclear_technology%2FBiographies%2F46&action=edit"><span style="color:#000000">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_biography_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected biography - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Nuclear_technology&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 118px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cockcroft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Cockcroft.jpg/118px-Cockcroft.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Cockcroft.jpg/177px-Cockcroft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Cockcroft.jpg/236px-Cockcroft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></div> </div><b><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Sir John Douglas Cockcroft</a></b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath">KCB</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span> (27 May 1897 – 18 September 1967) was an English <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> who shared the 1951 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> for splitting the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">atomic nucleus</a>, which was instrumental in the development of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>. <p>After service on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Field_Artillery" title="Royal Field Artillery">Royal Field Artillery</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Great_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Great War">Great War</a>, Cockcroft studied <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology">Manchester Municipal College of Technology</a> whilst he was an apprentice at Metropolitan Vickers Trafford Park and was also a member of their research staff. He then won a scholarship to <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's College, Cambridge">St. John's College, Cambridge</a>, where he sat the <a href="/wiki/Tripos" title="Tripos">tripos</a> exam in June 1924, becoming a <a href="/wiki/Wrangler_(University_of_Cambridge)" title="Wrangler (University of Cambridge)">wrangler</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> accepted Cockcroft as a research student at the <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a>, and Cockcroft completed his doctorate under Rutherford's supervision in 1928. With Walton and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a>, he built what became known as a <a href="/wiki/Cockcroft%E2%80%93Walton_generator" title="Cockcroft–Walton generator">Cockcroft–Walton generator</a>. Cockcroft and Walton used this to perform the first artificial <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_transmutation" title="Nuclear transmutation">disintegration of an atomic nucleus</a>, a feat popularly known as <i>splitting the atom</i>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> Cockcroft became Assistant Director of Scientific Research in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Supply" title="Ministry of Supply">Ministry of Supply</a>, working on <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>. He was also a member of the committee formed to handle issues arising from the <a href="/wiki/Frisch%E2%80%93Peierls_memorandum" title="Frisch–Peierls memorandum">Frisch–Peierls memorandum</a>, which calculated that an <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a> could be technically feasible, and of the <a href="/wiki/MAUD_Committee" title="MAUD Committee">MAUD Committee</a> which succeeded it. In 1940, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Tizard_Mission" title="Tizard Mission">Tizard Mission</a>, he shared British technology with his counterparts in the United States. Later in the war, the fruits of the Tizard Mission came back to Britain in the form of the <a href="/wiki/SCR-584_radar" title="SCR-584 radar">SCR-584 radar</a> set and the <a href="/wiki/Proximity_fuze" title="Proximity fuze">proximity fuze</a>, which were used to help defeat the <a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb" title="V-1 flying bomb">V-1 flying bomb</a>. In May 1944, he became director of the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Laboratory" title="Montreal Laboratory">Montreal Laboratory</a>, and oversaw the development of the <a href="/wiki/ZEEP" title="ZEEP">ZEEP</a> and <a href="/wiki/NRX" title="NRX">NRX</a> reactors, and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Chalk_River_Laboratories" title="Chalk River Laboratories">Chalk River Laboratories</a>. </p><p>After the war Cockcroft became the director of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Research_Establishment" title="Atomic Energy Research Establishment">Atomic Energy Research Establishment</a> (AERE) at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Harwell" title="RAF Harwell">Harwell</a>, where the low-powered, graphite-moderated <a href="/wiki/GLEEP" title="GLEEP">GLEEP</a> became the first nuclear reactor to operate in western Europe when it was started on 15 August 1947. This was followed by the British Experimental Pile 0 (BEPO) in 1948. Harwell was involved in the design of the reactors and the chemical separation plant at <a href="/wiki/Windscale" class="mw-redirect" title="Windscale">Windscale</a>. Under his direction it took part in frontier fusion research, including the <a href="/wiki/ZETA_(fusion_reactor)" title="ZETA (fusion reactor)">ZETA</a> program. His insistence that the chimney stacks of the Windscale reactors be fitted with filters was mocked as <i>Cockcroft's Folly</i> until the core of one of the reactors ignited and released radionuclides during the <a href="/wiki/Windscale_fire" title="Windscale fire">Windscale fire</a> of 1957. </p><p>From 1959 to 1967, he was the first Master of <a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill College, Cambridge</a>. He was also chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> from 1961 to 1965. (<b><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div style="float: right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nuclear_technology/Selected_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Nuclear technology/Selected person">More selected biographies</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ANuclear_technology%2FNuclear_technology_news&action=edit"><span style="color:#000000">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Nuclear_technology_news" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Nuclear technology news</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">19 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></b></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia and weapons of mass destruction</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> signs a <a href="/wiki/Decree_of_the_President_of_Russia" title="Decree of the President of Russia">decree</a> that allows Russia to use <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> in response to <a href="/wiki/Conventional_weapon" title="Conventional weapon">conventional</a> attacks by a non-nuclear state supported by a <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons" title="List of states with nuclear weapons">nuclear power</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-issues-warning-us-with-new-nuclear-doctrine-2024-11-19/">(Reuters)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">5 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_nuclear_accident" title="Fukushima nuclear accident">Fukushima nuclear accident</a></b></dt> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/Remote-controlled_robot" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote-controlled robot">remote-controlled robot</a> retrieves a piece of <a href="/wiki/Corium_(nuclear_reactor)#Fukushima_Daiichi" title="Corium (nuclear reactor)">melted fuel</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant">Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant</a>, the first time a piece of melted fuel has been retrieved from a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_meltdown" title="Nuclear meltdown">nuclear meltdown</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/japan-fukushima-nuclear-melted-fuel-robot-d4bbfb543a0bbf9839ed2b33ea5ea969">(AP)</a></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ANuclear_technology%2FRelated_portals&action=edit"><span style="color:#000000">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style 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physics">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">Atomic nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Fission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">Radiation</a> {Cesium 137} <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ionizing_radiation" title="Ionizing radiation">ionizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremsstrahlung" title="Bremsstrahlung">braking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel" title="Nuclear fuel">Fuel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">Tritium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">Deuterium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3">Helium-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertile_material" title="Fertile material">Fertile material</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fissile_material" title="Fissile material">Fissile material</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotope_separation" title="Isotope separation">Isotope separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_material" title="Nuclear material">Nuclear material</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enriched_uranium" title="Enriched uranium">enriched</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depleted_uranium" title="Depleted uranium">depleted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_activation" title="Neutron activation">Activation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture" title="Neutron capture">Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_poison" title="Neutron poison">Poison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_cross_section" title="Neutron cross section">Cross section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_generator" title="Neutron generator">Generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_radiation" title="Neutron radiation">Radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_reflector" title="Neutron reflector">Reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_temperature" title="Neutron temperature">Temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_neutron" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal neutron">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_neutron" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast neutron">Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron#Fusion_neutrons" title="Neutron">Fusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_by_country" title="Nuclear power by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">Power plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_nuclear_power_plants" title="Economics of nuclear power plants">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents">Accidents and incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_policy" title="Nuclear energy policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_power" title="Fusion power">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Radioisotope thermoelectric generator">Radioisotope thermoelectric (RTG)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-mission_radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator">MMRTG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_propulsion" title="Nuclear propulsion">Propulsion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_thermal_rocket" title="Nuclear thermal rocket">rocket</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_safety_and_security" title="Nuclear safety and security">Safety and security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">Imaging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RadBall" title="RadBall">RadBall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scintigraphy" title="Scintigraphy">Scintigraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-photon_emission_computed_tomography" title="Single-photon emission computed tomography">Single-photon emission (SPECT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography" title="Positron emission tomography">Positron-emission tomography (PET)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.0em;font-weight:normal;">Therapy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_neutron_therapy" title="Fast neutron therapy">Fast-neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture_therapy_of_cancer" title="Neutron capture therapy of cancer">Neutron capture therapy of cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_alpha-particle_therapy" title="Targeted alpha-particle therapy">Targeted alpha-particle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_therapy" title="Proton therapy">Proton-beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomotherapy" title="Tomotherapy">Tomotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachytherapy" title="Brachytherapy">Brachytherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiosurgery" title="Radiosurgery">Radiosurgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiopharmacology" title="Radiopharmacology">Radiopharmacology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Weapons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.0em;font-weight:normal;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_delivery" title="Nuclear weapons delivery">Delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design" title="Nuclear weapon design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_ethics" title="Nuclear ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_explosion" title="Nuclear explosion">Explosion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_nuclear_explosions" title="Effects of nuclear explosions">effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_nuclear_weapons" title="History of nuclear weapons">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_proliferation" title="Nuclear proliferation">Proliferation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_testing" title="Nuclear weapons testing">Testing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion" title="High-altitude nuclear explosion">high-altitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing" title="Underground nuclear weapons testing">underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_yield" title="Nuclear weapon yield">Yield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TNT_equivalent" title="TNT equivalent">TNTe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.0em;font-weight:normal;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_estimated_death_tolls_from_nuclear_attacks_on_cities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of estimated death tolls from nuclear attacks on cities (page does not exist)">Estimated death tolls from attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons" title="List of states with nuclear weapons">States with nuclear weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_nuclear_weapons_stockpiles_and_nuclear_tests_by_country" title="Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles and nuclear tests by country">Historical stockpiles and tests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests" title="List of nuclear weapons tests">Tests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States">Tests in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_mass_destruction_treaties" title="List of weapons of mass destruction treaties">WMD treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-weapon-free_zone" title="Nuclear-weapon-free zone">Weapon-free zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons" title="List of nuclear weapons">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">Waste</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.0em;font-weight:normal;">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reprocessed_uranium" title="Reprocessed uranium">Reprocessed uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactor-grade_plutonium" title="Reactor-grade plutonium">Reactor-grade plutonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_actinide" title="Minor actinide">Minor actinide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activation_product" title="Activation product">Activation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission_product" title="Nuclear fission product">Fission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-lived_fission_product" title="Long-lived fission product">LLFP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinide_chemistry" title="Actinide chemistry">Actinide chemistry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.0em;font-weight:normal;">Disposal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel_cycle" title="Nuclear fuel cycle">Fuel cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-level_waste" title="High-level waste">High-level (HLW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-level_waste" title="Low-level waste">Low-level (LLW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_geological_repository" title="Deep geological repository">Repository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing" title="Nuclear reprocessing">Reprocessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spent_nuclear_fuel" title="Spent nuclear fuel">Spent fuel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spent_fuel_pool" title="Spent fuel pool">pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_cask_storage" title="Dry cask storage">cask</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_transmutation" title="Nuclear transmutation">Transmutation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_debate" title="Nuclear power debate">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_debate" title="Nuclear weapons debate">Nuclear weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ribbon_Commission_on_America%27s_Nuclear_Future" title="Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future">Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">Anti-nuclear movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining_debate" title="Uranium mining debate">Uranium mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_phase-out" title="Nuclear power phase-out">Nuclear power phase-out</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Nuclear_reactors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fission" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor#Fission" title="Nuclear reactor">Fission</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Neutron_moderator" title="Neutron moderator">Moderator</a></b></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Light-water_reactor" title="Light-water reactor">Light water</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_homogeneous_reactor" title="Aqueous homogeneous reactor">Aqueous homogeneous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_water_reactor" title="Boiling water reactor">Boiling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GE_BWR" title="GE BWR">BWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_boiling_water_reactor" title="Advanced boiling water reactor">ABWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Simplified_Boiling_Water_Reactor" title="Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor">ESBWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerena_boiling_water_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerena boiling water reactor">Kerena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor" title="Natural nuclear fission reactor">Natural fission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor" title="Pressurized water reactor">Pressurized</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP1000" title="AP1000">AP1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APR-1400" title="APR-1400">APR-1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APR%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="APR+">APR+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APWR" class="mw-redirect" title="APWR">APWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATMEA1" class="mw-redirect" title="ATMEA1">ATMEA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAP1400" title="CAP1400">CAP1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPR-1000" title="CPR-1000">CPR-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPR_(nuclear_reactor)" title="EPR (nuclear reactor)">EPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualong_One" title="Hualong One">HPR-1000</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACPR1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ACPR1000">ACPR1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACP1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ACP1000">ACP1000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VVER" title="VVER">VVER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPWR-900" title="IPWR-900">IPWR-900</a></li> <li>many others</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercritical_water_reactor" title="Supercritical water reactor">Supercritical (SCWR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy-water_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy-water reactor">Heavy water</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">by <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_coolant" title="Nuclear reactor coolant">coolant</a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;;background:whitesmoke;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deuterium_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterium oxide">D<sub>2</sub>O</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pressurized_heavy-water_reactor" title="Pressurized heavy-water reactor">Pressurized</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CANDU_reactor" title="CANDU reactor">CANDU</a> <ul><li>CANDU 6</li> <li>CANDU 9</li> <li>EC6</li> <li>AFCR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACR-1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ACR-1000">ACR-1000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolinas%E2%80%93Virginia_Tube_Reactor" title="Carolinas–Virginia Tube Reactor">CVTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPHWR" title="IPHWR">IPHWR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPHWR-220" title="IPHWR-220">IPHWR-220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPHWR#IPHWR-540" title="IPHWR">IPHWR-540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPHWR-700" title="IPHWR-700">IPHWR-700</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Argentina">PHWR KWU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MZFR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MZFR (page does not exist)">MZFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85gestaverket" class="mw-redirect" title="Ågestaverket">R3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R4_nuclear_reactor" title="R4 nuclear reactor">R4 Marviken</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/H2O" class="mw-redirect" title="H2O">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HWLWR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HWLWR (page does not exist)">HWLWR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fugen_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Fugen Nuclear Power Plant">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentilly_Nuclear_Generating_Station#Gentilly-1" title="Gentilly Nuclear Generating Station">HW BLWR 250</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam-generating_heavy_water_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam-generating heavy water reactor">Steam-generating (SGHWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_heavy-water_reactor" title="Advanced heavy-water reactor">AHWR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Organic_matter" title="Organic matter">Organic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WR-1" title="WR-1">WR-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub>2</sub></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HWGCR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HWGCR (page does not exist)">HWGCR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brennilis_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Brennilis Nuclear Power Plant">EL-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kernkraftwerk_Niederaichbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kernkraftwerk Niederaichbach (page does not exist)">KKN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_150" title="KS 150">KS 150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucens_reactor" title="Lucens reactor">Lucens</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Graphite-moderated_reactor" title="Graphite-moderated reactor">Graphite</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">by <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_coolant" title="Nuclear reactor coolant">coolant</a></span></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="H2O" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/H2O" class="mw-redirect" title="H2O">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obninsk_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant">AM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloyarsk_Nuclear_Power_Station#Early_reactors" title="Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station">AMB-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGP-6" title="EGP-6">EGP-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBMK" title="RBMK">RBMK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gas-cooled_reactor" title="Gas-cooled reactor">Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub>2</sub></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNGG_reactor" title="UNGG reactor"><i>Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz</i> (UNGG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnox" title="Magnox">Magnox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Gas-cooled_Reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor">Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine_modular_helium_reactor" title="Gas turbine modular helium reactor">GTMHR</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MHR-T&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MHR-T (page does not exist)">MHR-T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UHTREX" title="UHTREX">UHTREX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very-high-temperature_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Very-high-temperature reactor">VHTR (HTGR)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pebble-bed_reactor" title="Pebble-bed reactor">PBR (PBMR)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVR_reactor" title="AVR reactor">AVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTR-10" title="HTR-10">HTR-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTR-PM" title="HTR-PM">HTR-PM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THTR-300" title="THTR-300">THTR-300</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prismatic_block_reactor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prismatic block reactor (page does not exist)">PMR</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Molten_salt_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Molten salt reactor">Molten-salt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fluorides" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/FLiBe" title="FLiBe">Fluorides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Molten_Salt_Reactor" title="Fuji Molten Salt Reactor">Fuji MSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_fluoride_thorium_reactor" title="Liquid fluoride thorium reactor">Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molten-Salt_Reactor_Experiment" title="Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment">Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_Molten_Salt_Reactor" title="Integral Molten Salt Reactor">Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMSR-500" class="mw-redirect" title="TMSR-500">TMSR-500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMSR-LF1" title="TMSR-LF1">TMSR-LF1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">None<br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Fast-neutron_reactor" title="Fast-neutron reactor">fast-neutron</a>)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_breeder_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast breeder reactor">Breeder (FBR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_fast_reactor" title="Integral fast reactor">Integral (IFR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_metal_cooled_reactor" title="Liquid metal cooled reactor">Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small,_sealed,_transportable,_autonomous_reactor" title="Small, sealed, transportable, autonomous reactor">Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling_wave_reactor" title="Traveling wave reactor">Traveling-wave (TWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Multiplier_Module" title="Energy Multiplier Module">Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_moderation_water_reactor" title="Reduced moderation water reactor">Reduced-moderation (RMWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Breeder_Test_Reactor" title="Fast Breeder Test Reactor">Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_fluid_reactor" title="Dual fluid reactor">Dual fluid reactor (DFR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Generation_IV_reactor" title="Generation IV reactor">Generation IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-cooled_fast_reactor" title="Sodium-cooled fast reactor">Sodium (SFR)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BN-350_reactor" title="BN-350 reactor">BN-350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BN-600_reactor" title="BN-600 reactor">BN-600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BN-800_reactor" title="BN-800 reactor">BN-800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BN-1200_reactor" title="BN-1200 reactor">BN-1200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFR-600" title="CFR-600">CFR-600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nix" title="Phénix">Phénix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superph%C3%A9nix" title="Superphénix">Superphénix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prototype_Fast_Breeder_Reactor" title="Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor">PFBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBR-600" title="FBR-600">FBR-600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Experimental_Fast_Reactor" title="China Experimental Fast Reactor">CEFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dounreay#Prototype_Fast_Reactor_(PFR)" title="Dounreay">PFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRISM_(reactor)" title="PRISM (reactor)">PRISM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead-cooled_fast_reactor" title="Lead-cooled fast reactor">Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas-cooled_fast_reactor" title="Gas-cooled fast reactor">Helium gas (GFR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stable_salt_reactor" title="Stable salt reactor">Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_nuclear_reactor" title="Organic nuclear reactor">Organic nuclear reactor</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbus-reactor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbus-reactor (page does not exist)">Arbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piqua_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Piqua Nuclear Generating Station">Piqua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_Nuclear_Propulsion" title="Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion">Aircraft Reactor Experiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fusion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor#Fusion_reactors" title="Nuclear reactor">Fusion</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>by <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_fusion#Confinement" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermonuclear fusion">confinement</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_confinement_fusion" title="Magnetic confinement fusion">Magnetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field-reversed_configuration" title="Field-reversed configuration">Field-reversed configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitated_dipole" title="Levitated dipole">Levitated dipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversed_field_pinch" title="Reversed field pinch">Reversed field pinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spheromak" title="Spheromak">Spheromak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellarator" title="Stellarator">Stellarator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak">Tokamak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inertial_confinement_fusion" title="Inertial confinement fusion">Inertial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_fusion" title="Bubble fusion">Bubble <span style="font-size:85%;">(acoustic)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusor" title="Fusor">Fusor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_electrostatic_confinement" title="Inertial electrostatic confinement">electrostatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_confinement_fusion" title="Inertial confinement fusion">Laser-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetized_target_fusion" title="Magnetized target fusion">Magnetized-target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-pinch" title="Z-pinch">Z-pinch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dense_plasma_focus" title="Dense plasma focus">Dense plasma focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migma" title="Migma">Migma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon-catalyzed_fusion" title="Muon-catalyzed fusion">Muon-catalyzed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polywell" title="Polywell">Polywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroelectric_fusion" title="Pyroelectric fusion">Pyroelectric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_technology" title="Category:Nuclear technology">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nuclear_technology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nuclear technology">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuclear_power_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_power_by_country" title="Template:Nuclear power by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_power_by_country" title="Template talk:Nuclear power by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_power_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear power by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuclear_power_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_by_country" title="Nuclear power by country">Nuclear power by country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Watt#Electrical_and_thermal_watts" title="Watt">GW<sub>e</sub></a> > 10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Canada" title="Nuclear power in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_China" title="Nuclear power in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Nuclear power in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Japan" title="Nuclear power in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Russia" title="Nuclear power in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_South_Korea" title="Nuclear power in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Ukraine" title="Nuclear power in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States" title="Nuclear power in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Watt#Electrical_and_thermal_watts" title="Watt">GW<sub>e</sub></a> > 5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India" title="Nuclear power in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Spain" title="Nuclear power in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Sweden" title="Nuclear power in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nuclear power in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">GW<sub>e</sub> > 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Nuclear power in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Finland" title="Nuclear power in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Germany" title="Nuclear power in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan" title="Nuclear power in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Switzerland" title="Nuclear power in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Taiwan" title="Nuclear power in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Nuclear power in the United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">GW<sub>e</sub> > 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Argentina" title="Nuclear power in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear power in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Bulgaria" title="Nuclear power in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear power in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Romania" title="Nuclear power in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">GW<sub>e</sub> < 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear power in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Slovenia" title="Nuclear energy in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear power in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Egypt" title="Nuclear program of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Ghana" title="Nuclear power in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Indonesia" title="Nuclear power in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Israel" title="Nuclear power in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_North_Korea" title="Nuclear power in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_Philippines" title="Nuclear power in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear power in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Thailand" title="Nuclear power in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Abandoned plans<br />for new plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Australia" title="Nuclear power in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_energy_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear energy in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juragua_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Juragua Nuclear Power Plant">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_energy_in_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear energy in Georgia (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_energy_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear energy in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Malaysia" title="Nuclear power in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_energy_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear energy in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_energy_in_Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear energy in Peru (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_energy_in_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear energy in Singapore (page does not exist)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Taiwan" title="Nuclear power in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_phase-out" title="Nuclear power phase-out">Phasing-out</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Belgium">Belgium</a> <small>(delayed)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Germany" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Italy" title="Nuclear power in Italy">Italy</a> <small>(already)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Spain" title="Nuclear power in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Switzerland" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <small>(gradually)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Taiwan" title="Nuclear power in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_power_stations" title="List of nuclear power stations">List of nuclear power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_policy" title="Nuclear energy policy">Nuclear energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_policy_by_country" title="Nuclear energy policy by country">Nuclear energy policy by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_accidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear accidents">Nuclear accidents</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nuclear technology portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fusion_power,_processes_and_devices" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fusion_power" title="Template:Fusion power"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fusion_power" title="Template talk:Fusion power"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fusion_power" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fusion power"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fusion_power,_processes_and_devices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fusion_power" title="Fusion power">Fusion power</a>, processes and devices</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nuclear_fusion" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">Nuclear fusion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_plasma" title="Burning plasma">Burning plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_nuclear_fusion" title="Timeline of nuclear fusion">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fusion_experiments" title="List of fusion experiments">List of experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fusion_power_technologies" title="List of fusion power technologies">List of technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fusion" title="Commercial fusion">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneutronic_fusion" title="Aneutronic fusion">Aneutronic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">Atomic nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_energy_gain_factor" title="Fusion energy gain factor">Fusion energy gain factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawson_criterion" title="Lawson criterion">Lawson criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamics" title="Magnetohydrodynamics">Magnetohydrodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_(physics)" title="Plasma (physics)">Plasma</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes,<br />methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Confinementtype" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion#Confinement" title="Nuclear fusion">Confinement</a><br />type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis" title="Stellar nucleosynthesis">Gravitational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_process" title="Alpha process">Alpha process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple-alpha_process" title="Triple-alpha process">Triple-alpha process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNO_cycle" title="CNO cycle">CNO cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusor_(astronomy)" title="Fusor (astronomy)">Fusor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_flash" title="Helium flash">Helium flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Nova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_remnant" title="Nova remnant">remnants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain" title="Proton–proton chain">Proton–proton chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon-burning_process" title="Carbon-burning process">Carbon-burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_burning" title="Lithium burning">Lithium burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon-burning_process" title="Neon-burning process">Neon-burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen-burning_process" title="Oxygen-burning process">Oxygen-burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon-burning_process" title="Silicon-burning process">Silicon-burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-process" title="R-process">R-process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-process" title="S-process">S-process</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_confinement_fusion" title="Magnetic confinement fusion">Magnetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field-reversed_configuration" title="Field-reversed configuration">Field-reversed configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitated_dipole" title="Levitated dipole">Levitated dipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_mirror" title="Magnetic mirror">Magnetic mirror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bumpy_torus" title="Bumpy torus">Bumpy torus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinch_(plasma_physics)" title="Pinch (plasma physics)">Pinch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dense_plasma_focus" title="Dense plasma focus">Dense plasma focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversed_field_pinch" title="Reversed field pinch">Reversed field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_pinch" title="Theta pinch">Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-pinch" title="Z-pinch">Zeta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellarator" title="Stellarator">Stellarator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak">Tokamak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spherical_tokamak" title="Spherical tokamak">Spherical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spheromak" title="Spheromak">Spheromak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynomak" title="Dynomak">Dynomak</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toroidal_solenoid" title="Toroidal solenoid">Toroidal solenoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Magneto-inertial_fusion" title="Magneto-inertial fusion">Magneto-inertial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetized_liner_inertial_fusion" title="Magnetized liner inertial fusion">Magnetized liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetized_target_fusion" title="Magnetized target fusion">Magnetized target</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Inertial_confinement_fusion" title="Inertial confinement fusion">Inertial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_fusion" title="Bubble fusion">Bubble (acoustic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_confinement_fusion" title="Inertial confinement fusion">Laser-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_ion_fusion" title="Heavy ion fusion">Ion-driven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Inertial_electrostatic_confinement" title="Inertial electrostatic confinement">Electrostatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusor" title="Fusor">Fusor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polywell" title="Polywell">Polywell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colliding_beam_fusion" title="Colliding beam fusion">Colliding beam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migma" title="Migma">Migma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_confinement_fusion" title="Lattice confinement fusion">Metal lattice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon-catalyzed_fusion" title="Muon-catalyzed fusion">Muon-catalyzed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroelectric_fusion" title="Pyroelectric fusion">Pyroelectric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fusion_experiments" title="List of fusion experiments">Devices,<br />experiments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_confinement_fusion" title="Magnetic confinement fusion">Magnetic<br />confinement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak">Tokamak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">ITER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEMOnstration_Power_Plant" title="DEMOnstration Power Plant">DEMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROTO_(fusion_reactor)" title="PROTO (fusion reactor)">PROTO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Plasma_Physics_Laboratory_(Saskatchewan)" title="Plasma Physics Laboratory (Saskatchewan)">STOR-M</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alcator_C-Mod" title="Alcator C-Mod">Alcator C-Mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARC_fusion_reactor" title="ARC fusion reactor">ARC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SPARC_(tokamak)" title="SPARC (tokamak)">SPARC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIII-D_(tokamak)" title="DIII-D (tokamak)">DIII-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enormous_Toroidal_Plasma_Device" title="Enormous Toroidal Plasma Device">Electric Tokamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_Tokamak_Experiment" title="Lithium Tokamak Experiment">LTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Spherical_Torus_Experiment" title="National Spherical Torus Experiment">NSTX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Large_Torus" title="Princeton Large Torus">PLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak_Fusion_Test_Reactor" title="Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor">TFTR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Toroidal_Experiment" title="Pegasus Toroidal Experiment">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riggatron" title="Riggatron">Riggatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustained_Spheromak_Physics_Experiment" title="Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment">SSPX</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ETE_(tokamak)" title="ETE (tokamak)">ETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak_Chauffage_Alfv%C3%A9n_Br%C3%A9silien_(TCABR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokamak Chauffage Alfvén Brésilien (TCABR)">TCABR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novillo_(tokamak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novillo (tokamak) (page does not exist)">Novillo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak_Novillo" class="extiw" title="es:Tokamak Novillo">es</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Asia,<br />Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_Fusion_Engineering_Test_Reactor" title="China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor">CFETR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_Advanced_Superconducting_Tokamak" title="Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak">EAST</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HT-7" title="HT-7">HT-7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HL-2A" title="HL-2A">HL-2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HL-2M" title="HL-2M">HL-2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUNIST" title="SUNIST">SUNIST</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ADITYA_(tokamak)" title="ADITYA (tokamak)">ADITYA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SST-1_(tokamak)" title="SST-1 (tokamak)">SST-1</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/JT-60" title="JT-60">JT-60</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q-shu_University_Experiment_with_Steady_State_Spherical_Tokamak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Q-shu University Experiment with Steady State Spherical Tokamak (page does not exist)">QUEST</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/QUEST" class="extiw" title="ja:QUEST">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/GLAST_(tokamak)" title="GLAST (tokamak)">GLAST</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/KSTAR" title="KSTAR">KSTAR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thailand_Tokamak-1" title="Thailand Tokamak-1">TT-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Torus" title="Joint European Torus">JET</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/COMPASS_tokamak" title="COMPASS tokamak">COMPASS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GOLEM_tokamak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GOLEM tokamak (page does not exist)">GOLEM</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak_TM-1_MH" class="extiw" title="cs:Tokamak TM-1 MH">cs</a>]</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokamak_de_Fontenay_aux_Roses" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokamak de Fontenay aux Roses">TFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEST_(formerly_Tore_Supra)" title="WEST (formerly Tore Supra)">WEST</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ASDEX_Upgrade" title="ASDEX Upgrade">ASDEX Upgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEXTOR" class="mw-redirect" title="TEXTOR">TEXTOR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Divertor_Tokamak_Test" title="Divertor Tokamak Test">DTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frascati_Tokamak_Upgrade" title="Frascati Tokamak Upgrade">FTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGNITOR" title="IGNITOR">IGNITOR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ISTTOK" title="ISTTOK">ISTTOK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/T-15_(reactor)" title="T-15 (reactor)">T-15</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokamak_%C3%A0_configuration_variable" title="Tokamak à configuration variable">TCV</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mega_Ampere_Spherical_Tokamak" title="Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak">MAST-U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Tight_Aspect_Ratio_Tokamak" title="Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak">START</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spherical_Tokamak_for_Energy_Production" title="Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production">STEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stellarator" title="Stellarator">Stellarator</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Non-neutral_Torus" title="Columbia Non-neutral Torus">CNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Toroidal_Hybrid" title="Compact Toroidal Hybrid">CTH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_Illinois_Device_for_Research_and_Applications" title="Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications">HIDRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helically_Symmetric_Experiment" title="Helically Symmetric Experiment">HSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_C_stellarator" title="Model C stellarator">Model C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Compact_Stellarator_Experiment" title="National Compact Stellarator Experiment">NCSX</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/SCR-1" title="SCR-1">SCR-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Asia,<br />Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/H-1NF" title="H-1NF">H-1NF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Heliotron_J" title="Heliotron J">Heliotron J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Helical_Device" title="Large Helical Device">LHD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/WEGA_(stellarator)" class="mw-redirect" title="WEGA (stellarator)">WEGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendelstein_7-AS" title="Wendelstein 7-AS">Wendelstein 7-AS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendelstein_7-X" title="Wendelstein 7-X">Wendelstein 7-X</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/TJ-II" title="TJ-II">TJ-II</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uragan-2M" title="Uragan-2M">Uragan-2M</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uragan-3M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uragan-3M (page does not exist)">Uragan-3M</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD-3%D0%9C" class="extiw" title="uk:Ураган-3М">uk</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinch_(plasma_physics)" title="Pinch (plasma physics)">Pinch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Perhapsatron" title="Perhapsatron">Perhapsatron</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sceptre_(fusion_reactor)" title="Sceptre (fusion reactor)">Sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZETA_(fusion_reactor)" title="ZETA (fusion reactor)">ZETA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reversed_field_pinch" title="Reversed field pinch">RFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reversed-Field_eXperiment" title="Reversed-Field eXperiment">RFX</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Madison_Symmetric_Torus" title="Madison Symmetric Torus">MST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_mirror" title="Magnetic mirror">Mirror</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gas_Dynamic_Trap" title="Gas Dynamic Trap">GDT</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Astron_(fusion_reactor)" title="Astron (fusion reactor)">Astron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Compact_Fusion_Reactor" title="Lockheed Martin Compact Fusion Reactor">Lockheed Martin CFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror_Fusion_Test_Facility" title="Mirror Fusion Test Facility">MFTF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Mirror_Experiment" title="Tandem Mirror Experiment">TMX</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Levitated_Dipole_Experiment" title="Levitated Dipole Experiment">LDX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_field-reversed_configuration" title="Princeton field-reversed configuration">PFRC</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trisops" title="Trisops">Trisops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magneto-inertial_fusion" title="Magneto-inertial fusion">Magneto-inertial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/General_Fusion" title="General Fusion">SPECTOR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Linus_(fusion_experiment)" title="Linus (fusion experiment)">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetized_target_fusion#Devices" title="Magnetized target fusion">FRX-L – FRCHX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helion_Energy" title="Helion Energy">Fusion Engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inertial_confinement_fusion" title="Inertial confinement fusion">Inertial<br />confinement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laser</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Argus_laser" title="Argus laser">Argus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclops_laser" title="Cyclops laser">Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_laser" title="Janus laser">Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Inertial_Fusion_Energy" title="Laser Inertial Fusion Energy">LIFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_path_laser" title="Long path laser">Long path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility" title="National Ignition Facility">NIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_laser" title="Nike laser">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(laser)" title="Nova (laser)">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Laser_Energetics" title="Laboratory for Laser Energetics">OMEGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_laser" title="Shiva laser">Shiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/GEKKO_XII" title="GEKKO XII">GEKKO XII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/HiPER" title="HiPER">HiPER</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Asterix_IV_laser" title="Asterix IV laser">Asterix IV (PALS)</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Laser_M%C3%A9gajoule" title="Laser Mégajoule">LMJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LULI2000" title="LULI2000">LULI2000</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ISKRA_lasers" title="ISKRA lasers">ISKRA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_laser" title="Vulcan laser">Vulcan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-laser</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Project_PACER" title="Project PACER">PACER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_Pulsed_Power_Facility" title="Z Pulsed Power Facility">Z machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Fusion_Materials_Irradiation_Facility" title="International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility">International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITER_Neutral_Beam_Test_Facility" title="ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility">ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_nuclear_fusion_reactor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_fusion_reactors" title="Template:Nuclear fusion reactors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_fusion_reactors" title="Template talk:Nuclear fusion reactors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_fusion_reactors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear fusion reactors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_nuclear_fusion_reactor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor#Fusion_reactors" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear fusion reactor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>by <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_fusion#Confinement" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermonuclear fusion">confinement</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_confinement_fusion" title="Magnetic confinement fusion">Magnetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field-reversed_configuration" title="Field-reversed configuration">Field-reversed configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitated_dipole" title="Levitated dipole">Levitated dipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversed_field_pinch" title="Reversed field pinch">Reversed field pinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spheromak" title="Spheromak">Spheromak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellarator" title="Stellarator">Stellarator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak" title="Tokamak">Tokamak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inertial_confinement_fusion" title="Inertial confinement fusion">Inertial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_fusion" title="Bubble fusion">Bubble <span style="font-size:85%;">(acoustic)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusor" title="Fusor">Fusor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_electrostatic_confinement" title="Inertial electrostatic confinement">electrostatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_confinement_fusion" title="Inertial confinement fusion">Laser-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetized_target_fusion" title="Magnetized target fusion">Magnetized-target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-pinch" title="Z-pinch">Z-pinch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dense_plasma_focus" title="Dense plasma focus">Dense plasma focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migma" title="Migma">Migma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon-catalyzed_fusion" title="Muon-catalyzed fusion">Muon-catalyzed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polywell" title="Polywell">Polywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroelectric_fusion" title="Pyroelectric fusion">Pyroelectric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_fission_reactors" title="Template:Nuclear fission reactors">Nuclear fission reactors</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_reactors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of nuclear reactors">List of nuclear reactors</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_technology" title="Template:Nuclear technology">Nuclear technology</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_nuclear_fission_reactor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_fission_reactors" title="Template:Nuclear fission reactors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_fission_reactors" title="Template talk:Nuclear fission reactors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_fission_reactors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear fission reactors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_nuclear_fission_reactor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor#Fission" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear fission reactor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Neutron_moderator" title="Neutron moderator">Moderator</a></b></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Light-water_reactor" title="Light-water reactor">Light water</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_homogeneous_reactor" title="Aqueous homogeneous reactor">Aqueous homogeneous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_water_reactor" title="Boiling water reactor">Boiling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GE_BWR" title="GE BWR">BWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_boiling_water_reactor" title="Advanced boiling water reactor">ABWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Simplified_Boiling_Water_Reactor" title="Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor">ESBWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerena_boiling_water_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerena boiling water reactor">Kerena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor" title="Natural nuclear fission reactor">Natural fission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor" title="Pressurized water reactor">Pressurized</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP1000" title="AP1000">AP1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APR-1400" title="APR-1400">APR-1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APR%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="APR+">APR+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APWR" class="mw-redirect" title="APWR">APWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATMEA1" class="mw-redirect" title="ATMEA1">ATMEA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAP1400" title="CAP1400">CAP1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPR-1000" title="CPR-1000">CPR-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPR_(nuclear_reactor)" title="EPR (nuclear reactor)">EPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualong_One" title="Hualong One">HPR-1000</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACPR1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ACPR1000">ACPR1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACP1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ACP1000">ACP1000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VVER" title="VVER">VVER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPWR-900" title="IPWR-900">IPWR-900</a></li> <li>many others</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercritical_water_reactor" title="Supercritical water reactor">Supercritical (SCWR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy-water_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy-water reactor">Heavy water</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">by <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_coolant" title="Nuclear reactor coolant">coolant</a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;;background:whitesmoke;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deuterium_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterium oxide">D<sub>2</sub>O</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pressurized_heavy-water_reactor" title="Pressurized heavy-water reactor">Pressurized</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CANDU_reactor" title="CANDU reactor">CANDU</a> <ul><li>CANDU 6</li> <li>CANDU 9</li> <li>EC6</li> <li>AFCR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACR-1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ACR-1000">ACR-1000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolinas%E2%80%93Virginia_Tube_Reactor" title="Carolinas–Virginia Tube Reactor">CVTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPHWR" title="IPHWR">IPHWR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPHWR-220" title="IPHWR-220">IPHWR-220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPHWR#IPHWR-540" title="IPHWR">IPHWR-540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPHWR-700" title="IPHWR-700">IPHWR-700</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Argentina">PHWR KWU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MZFR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MZFR (page does not exist)">MZFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85gestaverket" class="mw-redirect" title="Ågestaverket">R3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R4_nuclear_reactor" title="R4 nuclear reactor">R4 Marviken</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/H2O" class="mw-redirect" title="H2O">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HWLWR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HWLWR (page does not exist)">HWLWR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fugen_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Fugen Nuclear Power Plant">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentilly_Nuclear_Generating_Station#Gentilly-1" title="Gentilly Nuclear Generating Station">HW BLWR 250</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam-generating_heavy_water_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam-generating heavy water reactor">Steam-generating (SGHWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_heavy-water_reactor" title="Advanced heavy-water reactor">AHWR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Organic_matter" title="Organic matter">Organic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WR-1" title="WR-1">WR-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub>2</sub></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HWGCR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HWGCR (page does not exist)">HWGCR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brennilis_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Brennilis Nuclear Power Plant">EL-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kernkraftwerk_Niederaichbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kernkraftwerk Niederaichbach (page does not exist)">KKN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_150" title="KS 150">KS 150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucens_reactor" title="Lucens reactor">Lucens</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Graphite-moderated_reactor" title="Graphite-moderated reactor">Graphite</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">by <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_coolant" title="Nuclear reactor coolant">coolant</a></span></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="H2O" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/H2O" class="mw-redirect" title="H2O">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obninsk_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant">AM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloyarsk_Nuclear_Power_Station#Early_reactors" title="Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station">AMB-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGP-6" title="EGP-6">EGP-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBMK" title="RBMK">RBMK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gas-cooled_reactor" title="Gas-cooled reactor">Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub>2</sub></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNGG_reactor" title="UNGG reactor"><i>Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz</i> (UNGG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnox" title="Magnox">Magnox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Gas-cooled_Reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor">Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine_modular_helium_reactor" title="Gas turbine modular helium reactor">GTMHR</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MHR-T&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MHR-T (page does not exist)">MHR-T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UHTREX" title="UHTREX">UHTREX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very-high-temperature_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Very-high-temperature reactor">VHTR (HTGR)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pebble-bed_reactor" title="Pebble-bed reactor">PBR (PBMR)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVR_reactor" title="AVR reactor">AVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTR-10" title="HTR-10">HTR-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTR-PM" title="HTR-PM">HTR-PM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THTR-300" title="THTR-300">THTR-300</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prismatic_block_reactor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prismatic block reactor (page does not exist)">PMR</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Molten_salt_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Molten salt reactor">Molten-salt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fluorides" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/FLiBe" title="FLiBe">Fluorides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Molten_Salt_Reactor" title="Fuji Molten Salt Reactor">Fuji MSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_fluoride_thorium_reactor" title="Liquid fluoride thorium reactor">Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molten-Salt_Reactor_Experiment" title="Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment">Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_Molten_Salt_Reactor" title="Integral Molten Salt Reactor">Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMSR-500" class="mw-redirect" title="TMSR-500">TMSR-500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMSR-LF1" title="TMSR-LF1">TMSR-LF1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">None<br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Fast-neutron_reactor" title="Fast-neutron reactor">fast-neutron</a>)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_breeder_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast breeder reactor">Breeder (FBR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_fast_reactor" title="Integral fast reactor">Integral (IFR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_metal_cooled_reactor" title="Liquid metal cooled reactor">Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small,_sealed,_transportable,_autonomous_reactor" title="Small, sealed, transportable, autonomous reactor">Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling_wave_reactor" title="Traveling wave reactor">Traveling-wave (TWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Multiplier_Module" title="Energy Multiplier Module">Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_moderation_water_reactor" title="Reduced moderation water reactor">Reduced-moderation (RMWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Breeder_Test_Reactor" title="Fast Breeder Test Reactor">Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_fluid_reactor" title="Dual fluid reactor">Dual fluid reactor (DFR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Generation_IV_reactor" title="Generation IV reactor">Generation IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-cooled_fast_reactor" title="Sodium-cooled fast reactor">Sodium (SFR)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BN-350_reactor" title="BN-350 reactor">BN-350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BN-600_reactor" title="BN-600 reactor">BN-600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BN-800_reactor" title="BN-800 reactor">BN-800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BN-1200_reactor" title="BN-1200 reactor">BN-1200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFR-600" title="CFR-600">CFR-600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nix" title="Phénix">Phénix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superph%C3%A9nix" title="Superphénix">Superphénix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prototype_Fast_Breeder_Reactor" title="Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor">PFBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBR-600" title="FBR-600">FBR-600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Experimental_Fast_Reactor" title="China Experimental Fast Reactor">CEFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dounreay#Prototype_Fast_Reactor_(PFR)" title="Dounreay">PFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRISM_(reactor)" title="PRISM (reactor)">PRISM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead-cooled_fast_reactor" title="Lead-cooled fast reactor">Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas-cooled_fast_reactor" title="Gas-cooled fast reactor">Helium gas (GFR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stable_salt_reactor" title="Stable salt reactor">Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:none;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_nuclear_reactor" title="Organic nuclear reactor">Organic nuclear reactor</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbus-reactor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbus-reactor (page does not exist)">Arbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piqua_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Piqua Nuclear Generating Station">Piqua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_Nuclear_Propulsion" title="Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion">Aircraft Reactor Experiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_fusion_reactors" title="Template:Nuclear fusion reactors">Nuclear fusion reactors</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_reactors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of nuclear reactors">List of nuclear reactors</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_technology" title="Template:Nuclear technology">Nuclear technology</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Template:Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents">Nuclear accidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radiation_(physics_and_health)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radiation" title="Template:Radiation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radiation" title="Template talk:Radiation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radiation" 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title="Infrared">Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlight" title="Starlight">Starlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">Sunlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ionizing_radiation" title="Ionizing radiation">Ionizing radiation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Radioactive decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_decay" title="Cluster decay">Cluster decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_radiation" title="Background radiation">Background radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_particle" title="Alpha particle">Alpha particle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_particle" title="Beta particle">Beta particle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">Gamma ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">Cosmic ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_radiation" title="Neutron radiation">Neutron radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">Nuclear fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">Nuclear reactors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_accelerator" title="Particle accelerator">Particle accelerators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">Radioactive materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_energy_budget" title="Earth's energy budget">Earth's energy budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">Electromagnetic radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchrotron_radiation" title="Synchrotron radiation">Synchrotron radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">Thermal radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-body_radiation" title="Black-body radiation">Black-body radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_radiation" title="Particle radiation">Particle radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitational radiation">Gravitational radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_background_radiation" title="Cosmic background radiation">Cosmic background radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation" title="Cherenkov radiation">Cherenkov radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askaryan_radiation" title="Askaryan radiation">Askaryan radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremsstrahlung" title="Bremsstrahlung">Bremsstrahlung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unruh_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Unruh radiation">Unruh radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_radiation" title="Dark radiation">Dark radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_exposure" title="Radiation exposure">Radiation exposure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radiation <br />and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Radiation syndrome <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome" title="Acute radiation syndrome">acute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_radiation_syndrome" title="Chronic radiation syndrome">chronic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_physics" title="Health physics">Health physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosimetry" title="Dosimetry">Dosimetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation_and_health" title="Electromagnetic radiation and health">Electromagnetic radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_safety" title="Laser safety">Laser safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasers_and_aviation_safety" title="Lasers and aviation safety">Lasers and aviation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_radiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical radiography">Medical radiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_protection" title="Radiation protection">Radiation protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_damage" title="Radiation damage">Radiation damage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactivity_in_the_life_sciences" title="Radioactivity in the life sciences">Radioactivity in the life sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_contamination" title="Radioactive contamination">Radioactive contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiobiology" title="Radiobiology">Radiobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">Biological dose units and quantities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Wireless device radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_electronic_devices_and_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless electronic devices and health">Wireless electronic devices and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">Radiation heat-transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_energy_transfer" title="Linear energy transfer">Linear energy transfer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radiation incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civilian_radiation_accidents" title="List of civilian radiation accidents">List of civilian radiation accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_San_Juan_de_Dios_radiotherapy_accident" title="1996 San Juan de Dios radiotherapy accident">1996 Costa Rica accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A2nia_accident" title="Goiânia accident">1987 Goiânia accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Moroccan_radiation_accident" title="1984 Moroccan radiation accident">1984 Moroccan accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Clinic_of_Zaragoza_radiotherapy_accident" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Clinic of Zaragoza radiotherapy accident">1990 Zaragoza accident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">Half-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">Nuclear physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_source" title="Radioactive source">Radioactive source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_hardening" title="Radiation hardening">Radiation hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana_syndrome" title="Havana syndrome">Havana syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also the categories <a href="/wiki/Category:Radiation_effects" title="Category:Radiation effects">Radiation effects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Radioactivity" title="Category:Radioactivity">Radioactivity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Radiobiology" title="Category:Radiobiology">Radiobiology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Radiation_protection" title="Category:Radiation protection">Radiation protection</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radiation_protection" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radiation_protection" title="Template:Radiation protection"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radiation_protection" title="Template talk:Radiation protection"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radiation_protection" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radiation protection"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radiation_protection" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radiation_protection" title="Radiation protection">Radiation protection</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_radiation" title="Background radiation">Background radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosimetry" title="Dosimetry">Dosimetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_physics" title="Health physics">Health physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionizing_radiation" title="Ionizing radiation">Ionizing radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_dosimetry" title="Internal dosimetry">Internal dosimetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_contamination" title="Radioactive contamination">Radioactive contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_source" title="Radioactive source">Radioactive sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiobiology" title="Radiobiology">Radiobiology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement <br />quantities and units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absorbed_dose" title="Absorbed dose">Absorbed dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">Becquerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committed_dose" title="Committed dose">Committed dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography_dose_index" title="Computed tomography dose index">Computed tomography dose index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_per_minute" title="Counts per minute">Counts per minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_dose_(radiation)" title="Effective dose (radiation)">Effective dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equivalent_dose" title="Equivalent dose">Equivalent dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_(unit)" title="Gray (unit)">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_glandular_dose" title="Mean glandular dose">Mean glandular dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitor_unit" title="Monitor unit">Monitor unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rad_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rad (unit)">Rad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roentgen_(unit)" title="Roentgen (unit)">Roentgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roentgen_equivalent_man" title="Roentgen equivalent man">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">Sievert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments and <br />measurement techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_particulate_radioactivity_monitoring" title="Airborne particulate radioactivity monitoring">Airborne radioactive particulate monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosimeter" title="Dosimeter">Dosimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geiger_counter" title="Geiger counter">Geiger counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion chamber">Ion chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scintillation_counter" title="Scintillation counter">Scintillation counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proportional_counter" title="Proportional counter">Proportional counter</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_monitoring" title="Radiation monitoring">Radiation monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_detector" title="Semiconductor detector">Semiconductor detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_meter" title="Survey meter">Survey meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-body_counting" title="Whole-body counting">Whole-body counting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protection techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lead_shielding" title="Lead shielding">Lead shielding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glovebox" title="Glovebox">Glovebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_iodide" title="Potassium iodide">Potassium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radon_mitigation" title="Radon mitigation">Radon mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirators" class="mw-redirect" title="Respirators">Respirators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euratom" title="Euratom">Euratom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Physics_Society" title="Health Physics Society">HPS (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Radiation_Units_and_Measurements" title="International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements">ICRU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Radiological_Protection" title="International Commission on Radiological Protection">ICRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Radiation_Protection_Association" title="International Radiation Protection Association">IRPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Radiological_Protection" title="Society for Radiological Protection">SRP (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Scientific_Committee_on_the_Effects_of_Atomic_Radiation" title="United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation">UNSCEAR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ionising_Radiations_Regulations" title="Ionising Radiations Regulations">IRR (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">NRC (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Nuclear_Regulation" title="Office for Nuclear Regulation">ONR (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_Protection_Convention,_1960" title="Radiation Protection Convention, 1960">Radiation Protection Convention, 1960</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radiation effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome" title="Acute radiation syndrome">Acute radiation syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation-induced_cancer" title="Radiation-induced cancer">Radiation-induced cancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also the categories <a href="/wiki/Category:Medical_physics" title="Category:Medical physics">Medical physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Radiation_effects" title="Category:Radiation effects">Radiation effects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Radioactivity" title="Category:Radioactivity">Radioactivity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Radiobiology" title="Category:Radiobiology">Radiobiology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Radiation_protection" title="Category:Radiation protection">Radiation protection</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radiation_poisoning" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radiation_poisoning" title="Template:Radiation poisoning"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radiation_poisoning" title="Template talk:Radiation poisoning"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radiation_poisoning" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radiation poisoning"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radiation_poisoning" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radiation_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation poisoning">Radiation poisoning</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome" title="Acute radiation syndrome">Acute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_radiation_syndrome" title="Chronic radiation syndrome">Chronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents">Accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_radiation_experiments" title="Human radiation experiments">Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_timeline_of_radiation_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological timeline of radiation poisoning">Biological timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_burn" title="Radiation burn">Radiation burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation-induced_cancer" title="Radiation-induced cancer">Radiation-induced cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation-induced_cognitive_decline" title="Radiation-induced cognitive decline">Radiation-induced cognitive decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation-induced_lung_injury" title="Radiation-induced lung injury">Radiation-induced lung injury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dose_fractionation" title="Dose fractionation">Dose fractionation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioresistance" title="Radioresistance">Radioresistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_protection" title="Radiation protection">Radiation protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_dose_reconstruction" title="Radiation dose reconstruction">Radiation dose reconstruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuclear_and_radioactive_disasters,_former_facilities,_tests_and_test_sites" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Template:Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Template talk:Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuclear_and_radioactive_disasters,_former_facilities,_tests_and_test_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nuclear_disasters_and_radioactive_incidents" title="Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents">Nuclear and radioactive disasters, former facilities, tests and test sites</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nuclear_disasters_and_radioactive_incidents" title="Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents">Lists of <br /> disasters <br /> and <br /> incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_involving_radioactive_substances" title="Crimes involving radioactive substances">Crimes involving radioactive substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticality_accident#Incidents" title="Criticality accident">Criticality accidents and incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_meltdown#Nuclear_meltdown_events" title="Nuclear meltdown">Nuclear meltdown accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_nuclear_accidents" title="List of military nuclear accidents">Military nuclear accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents">Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_by_death_toll" title="List of nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll">Nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_and_radiation_fatalities_by_country" title="List of nuclear and radiation fatalities by country">Nuclear and radiation fatalities by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests" title="List of nuclear weapons tests">Nuclear weapons tests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_China" title="List of nuclear weapons tests of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_France" title="List of nuclear weapons tests of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_India" title="List of nuclear weapons tests of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_North_Korea" title="List of nuclear weapons tests of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagai-I" title="Chagai-I">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction#Testing_the_first_device" title="South Africa and weapons of mass destruction">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_Kingdom#Nuclear_tests" title="Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_tests_in_Australia" title="Nuclear weapons tests in Australia">in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nuclear_testing_in_the_United_States" title="British nuclear testing in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_nuclear_weapons_tests" title="List of United States nuclear weapons tests">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sunken_nuclear_submarines" title="List of sunken nuclear submarines">Sunken nuclear submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_orphan_source_incidents" title="List of orphan source incidents">List of orphan source incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_power_accidents_by_country" title="List of nuclear power accidents by country">Nuclear power accidents by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual <br /> accidents <br /> and sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Nyonoksa_radiation_accident" title="Nyonoksa radiation accident">Nyonoksa radiation accident</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_nuclear_accident" title="Fukushima nuclear accident">Fukushima nuclear accident</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Oncol%C3%B3gico_Nacional#Accident" title="Instituto Oncológico Nacional">Instituto Oncológico Nacional#Accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_San_Juan_de_Dios_radiotherapy_accident" title="1996 San Juan de Dios radiotherapy accident">1996 San Juan de Dios radiotherapy accident</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Clinic_of_Zaragoza_radiotherapy_accident" title="Clinic of Zaragoza radiotherapy accident">Clinic of Zaragoza radiotherapy accident</a></li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A2nia_accident" title="Goiânia accident">Goiânia accident</a></li> <li>1986 <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_the_Chernobyl_disaster" title="Effects of the Chernobyl disaster">Effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chernobyl-related_articles" title="List of Chernobyl-related articles">Related articles</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Soviet_submarine_K-431" title="Soviet submarine K-431">Chazhma Bay nuclear accident</a></li> <li>1985–1987 <a href="/wiki/Therac-25" title="Therac-25">Therac-25</a> accident</li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Andreev_Bay_nuclear_accident" title="Andreev Bay nuclear accident">Andreev Bay nuclear accident</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk_radiological_accident" title="Kramatorsk radiological accident">Kramatorsk radiological accident</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident">Three Mile Island accident</a> and <a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident_health_effects" title="Three Mile Island accident health effects">Three Mile Island accident health effects</a></li> <li>1969 <a href="/wiki/Lucens_reactor" title="Lucens reactor">Lucens reactor</a></li> <li>1962 <a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll#National_nuclear_weapon_test_site_1958-1963#Failures" title="Johnston Atoll"> Thor missile launch failures at Johnston Atoll</a> under <a href="/wiki/Operation_Fishbowl" title="Operation Fishbowl">Operation Fishbowl</a></li> <li>1962 <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li>1961 <a href="/wiki/Soviet_submarine_K-19#Nuclear_accident" title="Soviet submarine K-19">K-19 nuclear accident</a></li> <li>1961 <a href="/wiki/SL-1" title="SL-1">SL-1</a> nuclear meltdown</li> <li>1957 <a href="/wiki/Kyshtym_disaster" title="Kyshtym disaster">Kyshtym disaster</a></li> <li>1957 <a href="/wiki/Windscale_fire" title="Windscale fire">Windscale fire</a></li> <li>1957 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Plumbbob" title="Operation Plumbbob">Operation Plumbbob</a></li> <li>1954 <a href="/wiki/Totskoye_nuclear_exercise" title="Totskoye nuclear exercise">Totskoye nuclear exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanford_Site" title="Hanford Site">Hanford Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_contamination_from_the_Rocky_Flats_Plant" title="Radioactive contamination from the Rocky Flats Plant">Rocky Flats Plant</a></li> <li>1945 <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br /> topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Nuclear_Event_Scale" title="International Nuclear Event Scale">International Nuclear Event Scale (INES)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_of_nuclear_plants_to_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability of nuclear plants to attack">Vulnerability of nuclear plants to attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_nuclear_issues" title="List of books about nuclear issues">Books about nuclear issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_nuclear_issues" title="List of films about nuclear issues">Films about nuclear issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_anti-nuclear_movement" title="History of the anti-nuclear movement">History of the anti-nuclear movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_against_Nuclear_Tests" title="International Day against Nuclear Tests">International Day against Nuclear Tests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_close_calls" title="Nuclear close calls">Nuclear close calls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-Free_Future_Award" title="Nuclear-Free Future Award">Nuclear-Free Future Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-free_zone" title="Nuclear-free zone">Nuclear-free zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_debate" title="Nuclear power debate">Nuclear power debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_phase-out" title="Nuclear power phase-out">Nuclear power phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_debate" title="Nuclear weapons debate">Nuclear weapons debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">Peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_camp" title="Peace camp">Peace camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell%E2%80%93Einstein_Manifesto" title="Russell–Einstein Manifesto">Russell–Einstein Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiling_Sun" title="Smiling Sun">Smiling Sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/32px-Radioactive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/48px-Radioactive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/64px-Radioactive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="446" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nuclear technology portal</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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title="Category:Nuclear weapons">Nuclear weapons</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Works_about_nuclear_technology" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_about_nuclear_technology" title="Category:Works about nuclear technology">Works about nuclear technology</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Nuclear_technology_stubs" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_technology_stubs" title="Category:Nuclear technology stubs">Nuclear technology stubs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FAE500;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fffff2;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Nuclear_technology"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Nuclear_technology" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Nuclear technology">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Nuclear technology">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Nuclear technology">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Nuclear technology">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Nuclear technology">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Nuclear technology">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Nuclear technology">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nuclear_technology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Nuclear technology">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a></span></div> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Special:Purge/Portal:Nuclear_technology" title="Special:Purge/Portal:Nuclear technology"><small>Purge server cache</small></a></i></div> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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