CINXE.COM
袩褉懈屑械褔邪薪懈械 懈蟹写邪褌械谢械泄 | 袪褍屑褟薪褑械胁褋泻懈泄 屑褍蟹械泄
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ru" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="canonical" href="http://rummuseum.ru/portal/node/2249" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="http://rummuseum.ru/portal/node/2249" /> <link rel="prev" href="/portal/node/2248" /> <link rel="up" href="/portal/node/2248" /> <link rel="next" href="/portal/node/2250" /> <title>袩褉懈屑械褔邪薪懈械 懈蟹写邪褌械谢械泄 | 袪褍屑褟薪褑械胁褋泻懈泄 屑褍蟹械泄</title> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="/portal/themes/xara/fonts/roboto.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="/portal/themes/xara/fonts/roboto3.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="/portal/themes/xara/fonts/roboto7.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/portal/sites/default/files/css/css_0PXAYkpq0QSmFunl5eFoQ2ytdy00RYzoiSLCSEPm1mQ.css?delta=0&language=ru&theme=xara&include=eJxtyEEOgCAMBMAPYXhTa2o1rmxCe4Dfc-DqbTIxI-2rKmElbxtVyXfLQRUckRNP8zKky_-RDrvYMsBTsABBhSBT" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/portal/sites/default/files/css/css_ee0VLCU98BIWDzX-tlC-o8LUgo8H2jA0GAouz0im5ao.css?delta=1&language=ru&theme=xara&include=eJxtyEEOgCAMBMAPYXhTa2o1rmxCe4Dfc-DqbTIxI-2rKmElbxtVyXfLQRUckRNP8zKky_-RDrvYMsBTsABBhSBT" /> </head> <body class="inner-page page-type-book no-sidebar"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> 袩械褉械泄褌懈 泻 芯褋薪芯胁薪芯屑褍 褋芯写械褉卸邪薪懈褞 </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="header"> <div class="header-main"> <div class="container"> <div class="header-container"> <div class="site-brand"> <div class="block-region region-header"> <div id="block-xara-branding" class="block"> <div class="block-content"> <div class="site-branding"> </div><!-- site-branding --> </div><!--/.block-content --> </div><!--/.block --> </div> </div> <!--/.site-branding --> <div class="header-right"> <div class="mobile-menu"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </div> <div class="primary-menu-wrapper"> <div class="menu-wrap"> <div class="close-mobile-menu"><i class="icon-close"></i></div> <div class="block-region region-primary-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-xara-main-menu-menu" id="block-xara-main-menu" class="block block-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden block-title" id="block-xara-main-menu-menu">袨褋薪芯胁薪褘械 褋褋褘谢泻懈</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-level-1"> <a href="/portal/" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">袚谢邪胁薪邪褟</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-level-1"> <a href="/portal/aths" data-drupal-link-system-path="aths">袗胁褌芯褉褘</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-level-1"> <a href="/portal/bookshelf" data-drupal-link-system-path="bookshelf">袣薪懈卸薪邪褟 锌芯谢泻邪</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-level-1"> <a href="/portal/frontpage" data-drupal-link-system-path="frontpage">袩芯褋谢械写薪懈械 芯斜薪芯胁谢械薪懈褟</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-level-1"> <a href="/portal/countries" data-drupal-link-system-path="countries">小褌褉邪薪褘 懈 褉械谐懈芯薪褘</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.header-right --> </div><!-- /header-container --> </div><!-- /container --> </div><!-- /header main --> <section class="page-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="page-header-container"> <div class="block-region region-page-header"> <div id="block-xara-page-title" class="block"> <div class="block-content"> <div class="page-title-wrap"> <h1 class="page-title"><span>袩褉懈屑械褔邪薪懈械 懈蟹写邪褌械谢械泄</span> </h1> </div> <!--/.page-title-wrap --> </div><!--/.block-content --> </div><!--/.block --> <div id="block-xara-breadcrumbs" class="block"> <div class="block-content"> <nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <ol class="breadcrumb-items"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/portal/">袚谢邪胁薪邪褟</a><span><i class="icon-angle-right"></i></span> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/portal/node/2248">袩褉芯褋锌械褉 袨谢懈胁褜械 袥懈褋褋邪谐邪褉褝. 袠褋褌芯褉懈褟 袩邪褉懈卸褋泻芯泄 袣芯屑屑褍薪褘 1871 谐. 1876 谐.</a><span><i class="icon-angle-right"></i></span> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> 袩褉懈屑械褔邪薪懈械 懈蟹写邪褌械谢械泄 </li> </ol> </nav> </div><!--/.block-content --> </div><!--/.block --> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.container --> </section> </header> <div class="highlighted block-section"> <aside class="container" role="complementary"> <div class="block-region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="main-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <div class="main-container"> <main id="main" class="main-content"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="node-content"> <div class="block-region region-content"> <div id="block-xara-content" class="block"> <div class="block-content"> <article data-history-node-id="2249" class="node node-type-book node-view-mode-full"> <header class="node-header"> <div class="node-submitted-details"> <div class="node-author"> <i class="ficon-user user-icon"></i> <span><span>袙褟褔械褋谢邪胁 袪褍屑褟薪褑械胁</span></span> </div><div><i class="ficon-calendar"></i> 15 Sep 2011 </div> </div> </header> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item"><p>袩械褉械胁芯写 协谢械芯薪芯褉芯泄 袦邪褉泻褋 <strong><em>袠褋褌芯褉懈懈</em></strong> 袥懈褋褋邪谐邪褉褝 斜褘谢 胁褘锌芯谢薪械薪 褋 褉褍泻芯锌懈褋懈, 锌褉芯褋屑芯褌褉械薪薪芯泄 邪胁褌芯褉芯屑 懈 芯写芯斜褉械薪薪芯泄 袣邪褉谢芯屑 袦邪褉泻褋芯屑. 袥懈褋褋邪谐邪褉褝, 褋邪屑, 褉邪褋褋屑邪褌褉懈胁邪谢 械械 泻邪泻 芯锌褉械写械谢械薪薪褍褞 褉械写邪泻褑懈褞 褋胁芯械泄 褉邪斜芯褌褘. 袪械写邪泻褌懈褉芯胁邪薪懈械, 褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褜薪芯, 褋胁芯写懈谢芯褋褜 泻 屑懈薪懈屑褍屑褍, 褏芯褌褟 薪械泻芯褌芯褉褘械 薪械蟹薪邪褔懈褌械谢褜薪褘械 芯褕懈斜泻懈 胁 锌械褉械胁芯写械 褋 芯褉懈谐懈薪邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 褎褉邪薪褑褍蟹褋泻芯谐芯 褌械泻褋褌邪 懈褋锌褉邪胁谢褟谢懈褋褜 懈 薪械泻芯褌芯褉芯械 褔懈褋谢芯 胁褘褕械写褕懈褏 懈蟹 褍锌芯褌褉械斜谢械薪懈褟 褌械褉屑懈薪芯胁, 泻邪泻 锌褉邪胁懈谢芯, 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢褟胁褕懈褏 泻邪谢褜泻褍 褋 褎褉邪薪褑褍蟹褋泻芯谐芯, 斜褘谢懈 锌械褉械褋屑芯褌褉械薪褘 写谢褟 锌褉芯褟褋薪械薪懈褟 懈褏 蟹薪邪褔械薪懈褟. 袛褉褍谐懈械 褎褉邪薪褑褍蟹褋泻懈械 褌械褉屑懈薪褘, 锌芯锌邪写邪褞褖懈械褋褟 胁 褌械泻褋褌械, 芯斜褗褟褋薪械薪褘 斜芯谢械械 锌芯写褉芯斜薪芯 胁 锌褉懈谢邪谐邪械屑芯屑 褋谢芯胁邪褉械. (袙 锌褉械写谢邪谐邪械屑芯屑 锌械褉械胁芯写械 泻薪懈谐懈 薪邪 褉褍褋褋泻懈泄 褝褌芯褌 褋谢芯胁邪褉褜 械 锌褉懈胁芯写懈褌褋褟).</p> <p> 小芯斜褋褌胁械薪薪褘械 锌褉懈谢芯卸械薪懈褟 懈 蟹邪屑械褔邪薪懈褟 袥懈褋褋邪谐邪褉褝, 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢褟褞褖懈械 褋芯斜芯泄 褑械薪薪芯械 写芯泻褍屑械薪褌邪谢褜薪芯械 锌芯写褌胁械褉卸写械薪懈械 芯锌懈褋褘胁邪械屑褘褏 褋芯斜褘褌懈泄, 胁芯褋锌褉芯懈蟹胁械写械薪褘 锌芯谢薪芯褋褌褜褞.</p> <p> 小芯斜褋褌胁械薪薪芯械 褍褔邪褋褌懈械 袥懈褋褋邪谐邪褉褝 胁 褋芯斜褘褌懈褟褏, 褋胁褟蟹邪薪薪褘褏 褋 袣芯屑屑褍薪芯泄, 斜褘谢芯 褋泻褉芯屑薪褘屑: 芯薪 写械泄褋褌胁芯胁邪谢 泻邪泻 卸褍褉薪邪谢懈褋褌 懈 褍褔邪褋褌薪懈泻 斜芯械胁 薪邪 斜邪褉褉懈泻邪写邪褏, 薪芯 薪械 斜褘谢, 锌芯 械谐芯 褋谢芯胁邪屑, 芦薪懈 褔谢械薪芯屑, 薪懈 芯褎懈褑械褉芯屑, 薪懈 褎褍薪泻褑懈芯薪械褉芯屑 袣芯屑屑褍薪褘禄.</p> <div> <p><strong> </strong>袠蟹写邪褌械<wbr><wbr><wbr>谢褜褋褌胁芯 袧褜褞-袩邪褉泻</p> </div> </div> <nav class="book-navigation" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="book-label-2248"> <h2 class="visually-hidden">袩械褉械泻褉褢褋褌薪褘械 褋褋褘谢泻懈 泻薪懈谐懈 写谢褟 袩褉懈屑械褔邪薪懈械 懈蟹写邪褌械谢械泄</h2> <ul class="book-pager"> <li class="book-pager-item book-pager-item-previous"> <a href="/portal/node/2248" rel="prev" title="袧邪 锌褉械写褘写褍褖褍褞 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑褍"><span class="white-color">←</span> 袩褉芯褋锌械褉 袨谢懈胁褜械 袥懈褋褋邪谐邪褉褝. 袠褋褌芯褉懈褟 袩邪褉懈卸褋泻芯泄 袣芯屑屑褍薪褘 1871 谐. 1876 谐.</a> </li> <li class="book-pager-item book-pager-item-center"> <a href="/portal/node/2248" title="袧邪 褉芯写懈褌械谢褜褋泻褍褞 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑褍"><span class="white-color">⤊</span> 袙胁械褉褏</a> </li> <li class="book-pager-item book-pager-item-next"> <a href="/portal/node/2250" rel="next" title="袧邪 褋谢械写褍褞褖褍褞 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑褍">袙胁械写械薪懈械 协谢械芯薪芯褉褘 袦邪褉泻褋. <span class="white-color">→</span></a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </article> </div><!--/.block-content --> </div><!--/.block --> </div> </div> </main> </div><!--/main-container --> </div><!--/container --> </div><!--/main-wrapper --> <footer class="site-footer footer"> <footer class="footer-bottom footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-bottom-container"> <div class="website-copyright"> © 2025 袪褍屑褟薪褑械胁褋泻懈泄 屑褍蟹械泄, All rights reserved. </div> </div><!-- /footer-bottom-container --> </div><!-- /container --> </footer><!-- /footer-bottom --> </footer> <div class="scrolltop"><i class="icon-arrow-up"></i></div> <style> body { font-size: 1rem; } @media (min-width: 1170px) { .container { max-width: 1170px; } } .region-page-header { align-items: center; } @media (min-width: 768px) { } </style> </div> <script src="/portal/sites/default/files/js/js_TEfdADSPrzqCkzrcg15X_u7P19HLJ6izliAHykxtjVc.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=ru&theme=xara&include=eJwryUit0E_PyU9KzNEtLqnMycxL16lILEpEEwMAL8EPQA"></script> </body> </html>