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Clara Mannes - Wikipedia

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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Clara Mannes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1869-12-12</span>)</span>12 December 1869<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Silesia" title="Province of Silesia">Silesia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 March 1948<span style="display:none">(1948-03-16)</span> (aged&#160;78)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Musician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Mannes" title="David Mannes">David Mannes</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Clara Mannes</b> (née <b>Damrosch</b>; 12 December 1869 – 16 March 1948) was a <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a>-born American musician and <a href="/wiki/Music_educator" class="mw-redirect" title="Music educator">music educator</a>. She and her brother <a href="/wiki/Frank_Damrosch" title="Frank Damrosch">Frank Damrosch</a> also taught at the <a href="/wiki/Veltin_School_for_Girls" title="Veltin School for Girls">Veltin School for Girls</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Signature_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Signature-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> With her husband, <a href="/wiki/David_Mannes" title="David Mannes">David Mannes</a>, she founded the David Mannes Music School in 1916, now known as the <a href="/wiki/Mannes_School_of_Music" title="Mannes School of Music">Mannes School of Music at the New School</a>. </p><p>Mannes was born in <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Her mother, Helene von Heimburg, was a former opera singer, and her father was conductor <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Damrosch" title="Leopold Damrosch">Leopold Damrosch</a>. Her siblings were conductors <a href="/wiki/Frank_Damrosch" title="Frank Damrosch">Frank Damrosch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Damrosch" title="Walter Damrosch">Walter Damrosch</a>. Her parents were Lutheran (her paternal grandfather was Jewish).<sup id="cite_ref-google_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Her children were musician <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mannes" title="Leopold Mannes">Leopold Mannes</a> and author <a href="/wiki/Marya_Mannes" title="Marya Mannes">Marya Mannes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clara_Mannes&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Signature-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Signature_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maudpowell.org/signature/Portals/0/pdfs/signature/Signature_June_2008_issue.pdf">"The MacDowell Colony"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Signature</i>: 27. June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Signature&amp;rft.atitle=The+MacDowell+Colony&amp;rft.pages=27&amp;rft.date=2008-06&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maudpowell.org%2Fsignature%2FPortals%2F0%2Fpdfs%2Fsignature%2FSignature_June_2008_issue.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClara+Mannes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rs5.loc.gov/service/music/eadxmlmusic/eadpdfmusic/2007/mu007003.pdf">Mannes-Damrosch collection</a>, loc.gov. Accessed April 11, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_G.W.1983" class="citation book cs1">Martin, G.W. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fbQiAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Damrosch Dynasty: America's First Family of Music</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780395344088" title="Special:BookSources/9780395344088"><bdi>9780395344088</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Damrosch+Dynasty%3A+America%27s+First+Family+of+Music&amp;rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.isbn=9780395344088&amp;rft.au=Martin%2C+G.W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfbQiAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClara+Mannes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamrosch,_L.Agócs,_K.2005" class="citation book cs1">Damrosch, L.; Agócs, K. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4fgJawIYjHwC&amp;pg=PR9"><i>Symphony in A major</i></a>. Vol.&#160;54. A-R Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780895795823" title="Special:BookSources/9780895795823"><bdi>9780895795823</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Symphony+in+A+major&amp;rft.pub=A-R+Editions&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=9780895795823&amp;rft.au=Damrosch%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=Ag%C3%B3cs%2C+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4fgJawIYjHwC%26pg%3DPR9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClara+Mannes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google3_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames,_E.T.James,_J.W.Boyer,_P.S.Radcliffe_College1971" class="citation book cs1">James, E.T.; James, J.W.; Boyer, P.S.; Radcliffe College (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rVLOhGt1BX0C&amp;pg=RA1-PA490"><i>Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Vol.&#160;3. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp.&#160;1–490. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674627345" title="Special:BookSources/9780674627345"><bdi>9780674627345</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Notable+American+Women%2C+1607%E2%80%931950%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&amp;rft.pages=1-490&amp;rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft.isbn=9780674627345&amp;rft.au=James%2C+E.T.&amp;rft.au=James%2C+J.W.&amp;rft.au=Boyer%2C+P.S.&amp;rft.au=Radcliffe+College&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrVLOhGt1BX0C%26pg%3DRA1-PA490&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClara+Mannes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clara_Mannes&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu007003">Mannes-Damrosch collection, 1848-1986</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #E0E0E0;"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Archival_material" title="Help:Archival material">How to use archival material</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1095216#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/121885552">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/70957437">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1506851/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjrJdr4yf6chcQ6YRmYMfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/140016775">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no92018950">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd140016775.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69315ht">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MusicalnotesGermany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/MusicalnotesGermany.svg/40px-MusicalnotesGermany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/MusicalnotesGermany.svg/60px-MusicalnotesGermany.svg.png 1.5x, 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You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clara_Mannes&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany-musician-stub" title="Template:Germany-musician-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany-musician-stub" title="Template talk:Germany-musician-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany-musician-stub" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany-musician-stub"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1012311289"><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Biography icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/45px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Musical_notes.svg/35px-Musical_notes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Musical_notes.svg/53px-Musical_notes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Musical_notes.svg/70px-Musical_notes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about an American musician is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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