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Province of Silesia - Wikipedia
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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prussian_Silesia,_1742–1815" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prussian_Silesia,_1742–1815"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prussian Silesia, 1742–1815</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prussian_Silesia,_1742–1815-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Province_of_Silesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Province_of_Silesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Province of Silesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Province_of_Silesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Prussia_and_German_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Prussia_and_German_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Prussia_and_German_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weimar_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weimar_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Weimar Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weimar_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Division_after_WWI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division_after_WWI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.1</span> <span>Division after WWI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_after_WWI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazi_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Nazi Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مقاطعة سيليزيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقاطعة سيليزيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Сілезія (правінцыя) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сілезія (правінцыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%A8sia_prussiana" title="Silèsia prussiana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Silèsia prussiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prusk%C3%A9_Slezsko" title="Pruské Slezsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pruské Slezsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinz_Schlesien" title="Provinz Schlesien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Provinz Schlesien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Silesia" title="Provincia de Silesia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincia de Silesia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prusia_Silezio" title="Prusia Silezio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prusia Silezio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silesiako_probintzia" title="Silesiako probintzia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Silesiako probintzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_de_Sil%C3%A9sie" title="Province de Silésie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Province de Silésie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_Silesia_(Prusia)" title="Provinsi Silesia (Prusia) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Provinsi Silesia (Prusia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_della_Slesia" title="Provincia della Slesia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Provincia della Slesia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94" title="פרובינציית שלזיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרובינציית שלזיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silezijos_provincija" title="Silezijos provincija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Silezijos provincija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silezi%C3%AB_(provincie)" title="Silezië (provincie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Silezië (provincie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsen_Schlesien" title="Provinsen Schlesien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Provinsen Schlesien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Al%C4%85sk_(prowincja)" title="Śląsk (prowincja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Śląsk (prowincja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_da_Sil%C3%A9sia" title="Província da Silésia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Província da Silésia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Силезия (провинция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Силезия (провинция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prowincyj%C5%8F_%C5%9Al%C5%8Dnsk" title="Prowincyjŏ Ślōnsk – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Prowincyjŏ Ślōnsk" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleesian_provinssi" title="Sleesian provinssi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sleesian provinssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsen_Schlesien" title="Provinsen Schlesien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Provinsen Schlesien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silezya_(vilayet)" title="Silezya (vilayet) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Silezya (vilayet)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Сілезія (провінція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сілезія (провінція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="صوبہ سیلیسیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صوبہ سیلیسیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9C%81_(%E6%99%AE%E9%B2%81%E5%A3%AB)" title="西里西亚省 (普鲁士) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西里西亚省 (普鲁士)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q675032#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Province_of_Silesia&params=51_7_N_17_2_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°7′N</span> <span class="longitude">17°2′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.117°N 17.033°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.117; 17.033</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province of Prussia (1815–1919)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 19th and 20th-century Prussian province. For the medieval duchy, see <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Silesia" title="Duchy of Silesia">Duchy of Silesia</a>. For the present-day subdivision of Poland, see <a href="/wiki/Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Silesian Voivodeship">Silesian Voivodeship</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Province of Silesia<div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Provinz Schlesien</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Prussia" title="Provinces of Prussia">Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">1815–1919<br />1938–1941</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Silesia"><img alt="Flag of Silesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/125px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/188px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/250px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Silesia">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Silesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Silesia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Silesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Silesia.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Silesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Silesia.svg/128px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Silesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Silesia.svg/170px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Silesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="484" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Silesia" title="Coat of arms of Silesia">Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Prussia-Silesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Map-Prussia-Silesia.svg/220px-Map-Prussia-Silesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Map-Prussia-Silesia.svg/330px-Map-Prussia-Silesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Map-Prussia-Silesia.svg/440px-Map-Prussia-Silesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span><br />Silesia Province (red) within the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> (blue),<br />within the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, 1871</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Schlesien_1905.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Schlesien_1905.png/220px-Schlesien_1905.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Schlesien_1905.png/330px-Schlesien_1905.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Schlesien_1905.png/440px-Schlesien_1905.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1335" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a> (Wrocław)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> • Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Province_of_Silesia&params=51_7_N_17_2_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°7′N</span> <span class="longitude">17°2′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.117°N 17.033°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.117; 17.033</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1815</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1919</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Briefly re-established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1938–1941</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Breslau_(region)" title="Breslau (region)">Breslau</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Liegnitz_(region)" title="Liegnitz (region)">Liegnitz</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oppeln_(region)" title="Oppeln (region)">Oppeln</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Silesia#Napoleonic_era" title="History of Silesia">Prussian Silesia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Lusatia" title="Upper Lusatia">Upper Lusatia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lower_Silesia" title="Province of Lower Silesia">Province of Lower Silesia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/20px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/30px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/40px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Upper_Silesia" title="Province of Upper Silesia">Province of Upper Silesia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg/20px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg/30px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg/40px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Province of Silesia</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Provinz Schlesien</i>; <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Prowincja Śląska</i>; <a href="/wiki/Silesian_language" title="Silesian language">Silesian</a>: <i lang="szl">Prowincyjŏ Ślōnskŏ</i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Prussia" title="Provinces of Prussia">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a> from 1815 to 1919. The <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> region was part of the Prussian realm since 1742 and established as an official province in 1815, then became part of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> in 1871. In 1919, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Free State of Prussia</a> within <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Germany</a>, Silesia was divided into the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Silesia Province">Upper Silesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesia_Province_(Prussia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Silesia Province (Prussia)">Lower Silesia</a>. Silesia was reunified briefly from 1 April 1938 to 27 January 1941 as a province of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> before being divided back into Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a> (present-day Wrocław, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>) was the provincial capital. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silesia-map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Silesia-map.svg/220px-Silesia-map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Silesia-map.svg/330px-Silesia-map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Silesia-map.svg/440px-Silesia-map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>Crown land of Silesia until 1742 (shaded in cyan) and Silesia Province from 1825 (outlined in red), superimposed on modern international borders</figcaption></figure> <p>The territory on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a> river formed the southeastern part of the Prussian kingdom. It comprised the bulk of the former <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown">Bohemian crown land</a> of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesia" title="Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a> as well as the adjacent <a href="/wiki/County_of_Kladsko" title="County of Kladsko">County of Kladsko</a>, which the Prussian King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a> had all conquered from the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> under Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> in the 18th century <a href="/wiki/Silesian_Wars" title="Silesian Wars">Silesian Wars</a>. It included the northeastern part of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Lusatia" title="Upper Lusatia">Upper Lusatia</a> around <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rlitz" title="Görlitz">Görlitz</a> and Lauban (<a href="/wiki/Luba%C5%84" title="Lubań">Lubań</a>), ceded to Prussia by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Kingdom of Saxony</a> according to the resolutions of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> in 1815. </p><p>The province bordered on the Prussian heartland of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> (including the newly acquired lands of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lusatia" title="Lower Lusatia">Lower Lusatia</a>) in the northwest, and on the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Posen" title="Grand Duchy of Posen">Grand Duchy of Posen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Province of Posen</a> from 1848) in the north, i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Polish</a> lands that before the 18th century <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a> had belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>. </p><p>In the northeast, Upper Silesia bordered on <a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Congress Poland</a>, i.e. the Kingdom of Poland which had been reconstituted from the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw" title="Duchy of Warsaw">Duchy of Warsaw</a> and was made up of former parts of the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_partition" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian partition">Prussian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austrian_partition" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian partition">Austrian partitions</a>. Congress Poland was in a personal union with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> until 1867 when it was formally integrated as the <a href="/wiki/Vistula_Land" title="Vistula Land">Vistula Land</a>. </p><p>In the east lay the Austrian share, the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland" title="Lesser Poland">Lesser Polish</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Krak%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Kraków">Free City of Kraków</a> until 1846, and in the south the remaining Bohemian crown lands of <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Silesia" title="Austrian Silesia">Austrian Silesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Moravia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Bohemia</a> proper. The incorporated Upper Lusatian strip of land in the west touched the remaining territory of the Saxon kingdom and in the furthest west the Prussian <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Saxony" title="Province of Saxony">Province of Saxony</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Silesia" title="History of Silesia">History of Silesia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prussian_Silesia,_1742–1815"><span id="Prussian_Silesia.2C_1742.E2.80.931815"></span>Prussian Silesia, 1742–1815</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prussian Silesia, 1742–1815"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The coronation of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> as <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">queen regnant</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a> immediately triggered an invasion of the region of <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> by King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a>, thereby starting the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> (1740–1748). By the end of the <a href="/wiki/Silesian_Wars" title="Silesian Wars">First Silesian War</a> in 1742, the Prussian forces had conquered almost all of the Habsburg crown land in Silesia. According to the peace treaties of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breslau" title="Treaty of Breslau">Breslau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1742)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1742)">Berlin</a>, only some smaller parts in the extreme southeast, like the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cieszyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Cieszyn">Duchy of Cieszyn</a> as well as the southern parts of the duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Troppau" title="Duchy of Troppau">Troppau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nysa" title="Duchy of Nysa">Nysa</a>, remained possessions of the Habsburg monarchy as <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Silesia" title="Austrian Silesia">Austrian Silesia</a>. Attempts by Maria Theresa to regain the crown land in the Second Silesian War (1744–1745) failed and she ultimately had to relinquish her claims over Silesia by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Dresden" title="Treaty of Dresden">Treaty of Dresden</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Third_Silesian_War" title="Third Silesian War">Third Silesian War</a> (1756–1763), a theatre of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, once again confirmed Prussian control over most of Silesia, and due to its predominantly <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> population especially in Lower Silesia, it became one of the most loyal territories of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">House of Hohenzollern</a>. When the Prussian territories were reorganized upon the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, the province of Silesia was created out of the territories acquired by Prussia in the Silesian Wars, as well as those <a href="/wiki/Upper_Lusatia" title="Upper Lusatia">Upper Lusatian</a> territories which King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_I_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus I of Saxony">Frederick Augustus I of Saxony</a> had to relinquish due to his indecisive attitude in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. As the lands had been part of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> until 1806, Silesia was among the western Prussian provinces that lay within the borders of the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Province_of_Silesia">Province of Silesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Province of Silesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_Prussia_and_German_Empire">Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Province_of_Silesia,_Kingdom_of_Prussia,_1905,_Administrative_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Province_of_Silesia%2C_Kingdom_of_Prussia%2C_1905%2C_Administrative_Map.png/220px-Province_of_Silesia%2C_Kingdom_of_Prussia%2C_1905%2C_Administrative_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Province_of_Silesia%2C_Kingdom_of_Prussia%2C_1905%2C_Administrative_Map.png/330px-Province_of_Silesia%2C_Kingdom_of_Prussia%2C_1905%2C_Administrative_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Province_of_Silesia%2C_Kingdom_of_Prussia%2C_1905%2C_Administrative_Map.png/440px-Province_of_Silesia%2C_Kingdom_of_Prussia%2C_1905%2C_Administrative_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1929" data-file-height="1230" /></a><figcaption>Administrative map of the province of Silesia, 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1815, after the Napoleonic wars, Prussian Silesia was formally reorganized into the province of Silesia. The character of the province's eastern third, Upper Silesia, had been much lesser shaped by the medieval German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung</a></i></span>. According to the census of 1905, about three-quarters of the Silesian inhabitants were <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>–speaking, while a majority of the population to the east of the Oder river spoke <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Silesian_language" title="Silesian language">Silesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lach_dialects" title="Lach dialects">Lach dialects</a>. The indigenous Polish and <a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbian</a> population was subjected to Germanisation policies. Sorbian-language Lutheran preparations for <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(Lutheran_Church)" title="Confirmation (Lutheran Church)">Confirmation</a> were prohibited with the ban lifted only after World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the extended <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bituminous_coal" title="Bituminous coal">black coal</a> deposits of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesian_Coal_Basin" title="Upper Silesian Coal Basin">Upper Silesian Coal Basin</a>, there was considerable <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a> in Upper Silesia and many people from neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Posen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Congress Poland</a> immigrated at that time. In 1871, Silesia became part of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> as a province of Prussia following the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">unification of Germany</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesian_Industrial_Region" title="Upper Silesian Industrial Region">Upper Silesian Industrial Region</a> was the second largest industrial <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">agglomeration</a> of the German Empire after the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> area. </p><p>Over decades the mainly <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> Upper Silesian citizens in majority voted for the German <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a>, while the Lower Silesian constituencies were dominated by the <a href="/wiki/German_Free-minded_Party" title="German Free-minded Party">Free-minded Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democrats</a>. Ethnic tensions rose on the eve of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, with politicians like <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Korfanty" title="Wojciech Korfanty">Wojciech Korfanty</a> separating from the Centre Party and giving utterance to distinct Polish interests. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weimar_Republic">Weimar Republic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Weimar Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breslau_Ring_Ostseite_(1890-1900).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Breslau_Ring_Ostseite_%281890-1900%29.jpg/220px-Breslau_Ring_Ostseite_%281890-1900%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Breslau_Ring_Ostseite_%281890-1900%29.jpg/330px-Breslau_Ring_Ostseite_%281890-1900%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Breslau_Ring_Ostseite_%281890-1900%29.jpg/440px-Breslau_Ring_Ostseite_%281890-1900%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3439" data-file-height="2511" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Market_Square,_Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Market Square, Wrocław">Market Square</a> in Breslau (Wrocław), 1890–1900</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1919, a year after the war ended, the parts of Silesia remaining in <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Germany</a> were re-organized into the two provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lower_Silesia" title="Province of Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a> (<i>Niederschlesien</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Upper_Silesia" title="Province of Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a> (<i>Oberschlesien</i>, the former <i><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a> <a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Oppeln</a></i>). After three <a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings" title="Silesian Uprisings">Silesian Uprisings</a> and the 1921 <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia_plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Silesia plebiscite">Upper Silesia plebiscite</a>, the <a href="/wiki/East_Upper_Silesia" title="East Upper Silesia">East Upper Silesian</a> part of the province around the industrial city of <a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a> was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> and incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Silesian_Voivodeship_(1920%E2%80%931939)" title="Silesian Voivodeship (1920–1939)">Silesian Voivodeship</a> in 1922. In 1920 the <a href="/wiki/Hlu%C4%8D%C3%ADn_Region" title="Hlučín Region">Hlučín Region</a> was ceded to <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Division_after_WWI">Division after WWI</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Division after WWI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Division of Prussian Silesia between Weimar Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia after World War I </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Division of: </th> <th>Area in 1910 in km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th>Share of territory </th> <th>Population in 1910 </th> <th>After WW1 part of: </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th>Lower Silesia </th> <th><b>27,105 km<sup>2</sup></b> <sup id="cite_ref-gem1900_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gem1900-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>100% </th> <th>3.017.981 </th> <th>Divided between: </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>to <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a> </td> <td><b>527 km<sup>2</sup></b> <sup id="cite_ref-GUS1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GUS1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b>2%</b> </td> <td><b>1%</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Voivodeship_(1921%E2%80%931939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)">Poznań Voivodeship</a> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Rychtal_Region" title="Rychtal Region">Niederschlesiens Ostmark</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>to <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a> </td> <td><b>26,578 km<sup>2</sup></b> </td> <td><b>98%</b> </td> <td><b>99%</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lower_Silesia" title="Province of Lower Silesia">Province of Lower Silesia</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Upper Silesia </th> <th><b>13,230 km<sup>2</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-gem1900_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gem1900-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </th> <th>100% </th> <th>2.207.981 </th> <th>Divided between: </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>to <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a> </td> <td><b>3,225 km<sup>2</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinfeld-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td><b>25%</b> </td> <td><b>41% <sup id="cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinfeld-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Voivodeship_(1920%E2%80%9339)" class="mw-redirect" title="Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)">Silesian Voivodeship</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>to <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> </td> <td><b>325 km<sup>2</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinfeld-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td><b>2%</b> </td> <td><b>2% <sup id="cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinfeld-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hlu%C4%8D%C3%ADn_Region" title="Hlučín Region">Hlučín Region</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>to <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a> </td> <td><b>9,680 km<sup>2</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinfeld-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td><b>73%</b> </td> <td><b>57%</b> <b><sup id="cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinfeld-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Upper_Silesia" title="Province of Upper Silesia">Province of Upper Silesia</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nazi_Germany">Nazi Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nazi Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gau_Silesia" title="Gau Silesia">Gau Silesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WK15_Opole_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne_(45)_Lichen99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/WK15_Opole_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne_%2845%29_Lichen99.jpg/220px-WK15_Opole_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne_%2845%29_Lichen99.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/WK15_Opole_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne_%2845%29_Lichen99.jpg/330px-WK15_Opole_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne_%2845%29_Lichen99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/WK15_Opole_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne_%2845%29_Lichen99.jpg/440px-WK15_Opole_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne_%2845%29_Lichen99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Plaque in <a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a> commemorating deportations of Poles to concentration camps in 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 April 1938 the province of Silesia was re-established by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> by uniting the existing Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia provinces. Nazi German persecution of Poles in the province intensified in 1938–1939 with <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Poles_by_Germany" title="Expulsion of Poles by Germany">expulsions</a> of Polish activists, distributors of Polish press, priests, craftsmen, farmers, students etc., attacks on Polish cultural centers, banks, enterprises, schools, churches and houses, seizure of Polish libraries, confiscations of Polish press, arrests and deportations of Polish activists to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a> and even assassinations.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, Nazi authorities forced the Lutheran Church not to staff bilingual German-Sorbian parishes with new Sorbian preachers, and the <a href="/wiki/Bund_Deutscher_Osten" title="Bund Deutscher Osten">Bund Deutscher Osten</a> demanded a ban on Sorbian church masses, but only a limit of two such masses per month was imposed.<sup id="cite_ref-ep_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ep-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were instances of expulsions of Sorbian pastors.<sup id="cite_ref-ep_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ep-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the German <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>, which started <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in September 1939, <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> carried out mass arrests of Polish activists, teachers, journalists, entrepreneurs, library directors and chairmen of local branches of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Sok%C3%B3%C5%82_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Sokół movement">"Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society</a>, shut down Polish newspapers and seized the funds of Polish banks from the pre-war German Province of Silesia.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrested Poles were deported to concentration camps.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polish church services were abolished, with the last Polish service held in the Saint Martin church in Wrocław on 17 September 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon the border was extended eastwards when parts of Polish Silesia were annexed into the province. In the annexed pre-war Polish part the occupiers conducted the genocidal <i><a href="/wiki/Intelligenzaktion" title="Intelligenzaktion">Intelligenzaktion</a></i> campaign and <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Poles_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany">expulsions of Poles</a>. </p><p>The Germans also established the <a href="/wiki/Gross-Rosen_concentration_camp" title="Gross-Rosen concentration camp">Gross-Rosen concentration camp</a> and multiple <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II">prisoner-of-war camps</a> with numerous forced labour subcamps in the region, including <a href="/wiki/Stalag_VIII-A" title="Stalag VIII-A">Stalag VIII-A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalag_VIII-B" title="Stalag VIII-B">Stalag VIII-B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalag_VIII-C" title="Stalag VIII-C">Stalag VIII-C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalag_VIII-E" title="Stalag VIII-E">Stalag VIII-E</a>, Oflag VIII-A, Oflag VIII-B, Oflag VIII-C, <a href="/wiki/Oflag_VIII-F" title="Oflag VIII-F">Oflag VIII-F</a>, for Polish POWs and civilians, and <a href="/wiki/French_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="French prisoners of war in World War II">French</a>, Belgian, Dutch and later also other <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> POWs.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 January 1941, during World War II, the province of Silesia was divided again by reverting into Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sprachen_in_Schlesien_1905_06.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sprachen_in_Schlesien_1905_06.svg/220px-Sprachen_in_Schlesien_1905_06.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sprachen_in_Schlesien_1905_06.svg/330px-Sprachen_in_Schlesien_1905_06.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sprachen_in_Schlesien_1905_06.svg/440px-Sprachen_in_Schlesien_1905_06.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Language situation in the province of Silesia, 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Prussian census of 1890, the province of Silesia had a population of 4,224,458, of which 3,105,843 (73.52%) spoke <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, 973,596 (23.05%) spoke <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, 68,781 (1.63%) spoke <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, 26,257 (0.62%) spoke <a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a> and 48,045 (1.14%) identified as bilingual.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Liegnitz_(region)" title="Liegnitz (region)">Regierungsbezirk Liegnitz</a> - 1,047,405 (96.41% German, 2.51% Sorbian, 0.53% Polish, 0.11% Czech, 0.38% bilingual). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Middle_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Silesia">Regierungsbezirk Breslau</a> - 1,599,322 (95.63% German, 3.08% Polish, 0.59% Czech, 0.64% bilingual). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oppeln_(region)" title="Oppeln (region)">Regierungsbezirk Oppeln</a> - 1,577,731 (58.23% Polish, 35.91% German, 3.69% Czech, 2.14% bilingual). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a> <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a></b> </p> <ul><li>Urban <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">districts</a> (<i>Stadtkreise</i>)</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brzeg" title="Brzeg">Brieg</a> (from 1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awidnica" title="Świdnica">Schweidnitz</a></li></ol> <ul><li>Rural districts (<i>Landkreise</i>)</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brzeg" title="Brzeg">Brieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C4%85bkowice_%C5%9Al%C4%85skie" title="Ząbkowice Śląskie">Frankenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glatz_(district)" title="Glatz (district)">Glatz</a> (former <a href="/wiki/County_of_Kladsko" title="County of Kladsko">County of Kladsko</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Gro%C3%9F_Wartenberg" title="Landkreis Groß Wartenberg">Groß Wartenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B3ra" title="Góra">Guhrau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bystrzyca_K%C5%82odzka" title="Bystrzyca Kłodzka">Habelschwerdt</a> (former County of Kladsko)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milicz" title="Milicz">Militsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zi%C4%99bice" title="Ziębice">Münsterberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Namslau" title="Landkreis Namslau">Namslau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aroda_%C5%9Al%C4%85ska" title="Środa Śląska">Neumarkt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowa_Ruda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nowa Ruda">Neurode</a> (former County of Kladsko)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niemcza" title="Niemcza">Nimptsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Oels" title="Landkreis Oels">Oels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Ohlau" title="Landkreis Ohlau">Ohlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzier%C5%BConi%C3%B3w" title="Dzierżoniów">Reichenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awidnica" title="Świdnica">Schweidnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Acinawa" title="Ścinawa">Steinau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strzelin" title="Strzelin">Strehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strzegom" title="Strzegom">Striegau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trzebnica" title="Trzebnica">Trebnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa%C5%82brzych" title="Wałbrzych">Waldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wo%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Wołów">Wohlau</a></li></ol> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>Regierungsbezirk <a href="/wiki/Legnica" title="Legnica">Liegnitz</a></b> </p> <ul><li>Urban <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">districts</a> (<i>Stadtkreise</i>)</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rlitz" title="Görlitz">Görlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legnica" title="Legnica">Liegnitz</a></li></ol> <ul><li>Rural districts (<i>Landkreise</i>)</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Bolk%C3%B3w" title="Bolków">Bolkenhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82awiec" title="Bolesławiec">Bunzlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Freystadt_i._Niederschles." title="Landkreis Freystadt i. Niederschles.">Freystadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Głogów">Glogau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82otoryja" title="Złotoryja">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rlitz" title="Görlitz">Görlitz</a> (former Saxon <a href="/wiki/Upper_Lusatia" title="Upper Lusatia">Upper Lusatia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zielona_G%C3%B3ra" title="Zielona Góra">Grünberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelenia_G%C3%B3ra" title="Jelenia Góra">Hirschberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoyerswerda" title="Hoyerswerda">Hoyerswerda</a> (former Saxon Upper Lusatia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawor" title="Jawor">Jauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamienna_G%C3%B3ra" title="Kamienna Góra">Landeshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luba%C5%84" title="Lubań">Lauban</a> (former Saxon Upper Lusatia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legnica" title="Legnica">Liegnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3wek_%C5%9Al%C4%85ski" title="Lwówek Śląski">Löwenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubin" title="Lubin">Lüben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothenburg_(district)" title="Rothenburg (district)">Rothenburg</a> (former Saxon Upper Lusatia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreis_Sagan" title="Kreis Sagan">Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awierzawa" title="Świerzawa">Schönau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Sprottau" title="Landkreis Sprottau">Sprottau</a></li></ol> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>Regierungsbezirk <a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Oppeln</a></b> </p> <ul><li>Urban <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">districts</a> (<i>Stadtkreise</i>)</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Bytom" title="Bytom">Beuthen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliwice" title="Gliwice">Gleiwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Kattowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorz%C3%B3w" title="Chorzów">Königshütte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Oppeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racib%C3%B3rz" title="Racibórz">Ratibor</a> (from 1904)</li></ol> <ul><li>Rural districts (<i>Landkreise</i>)</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Bytom" title="Bytom">Beuthen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%BAle" title="Koźle">Cosel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Falkenberg_O.S." title="Landkreis Falkenberg O.S.">Falkenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strzelce_Opolskie" title="Strzelce Opolskie">Groß Strehlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodk%C3%B3w" title="Grodków">Grottkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabrze" title="Zabrze">Zabrze</a> (from 1915: Hindenburg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Kattowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kluczbork" title="Kluczbork">Kreuzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82ubczyce" title="Głubczyce">Leobschütz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubliniec" title="Lubliniec">Lublinitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nysa,_Poland" title="Nysa, Poland">Neiße</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Neustadt_O.S." title="Landkreis Neustadt O.S.">Neustadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Oppeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pszczyna" title="Pszczyna">Pleß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racib%C3%B3rz" title="Racibórz">Ratibor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olesno" title="Olesno">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreis_Rybnik" title="Kreis Rybnik">Rybnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarnowskie_G%C3%B3ry" title="Tarnowskie Góry">Tarnowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toszek" title="Toszek">Tost</a>–<a href="/wiki/Gliwice" title="Gliwice">Gleiwitz</a></li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPjech2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pjech, Edmund (2008). 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Wrocław: 60. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7511">0037-7511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C5%9Al%C4%85ski+Kwartalnik+Historyczny+Sob%C3%B3tka&rft.atitle=%C5%BBycie+ko%C5%9Bcielne+ewangelickich+Serbo%C5%82u%C5%BCyczan+w+ramach+wroc%C5%82awskiego+Konsystorza+Ewangelickiego+%281918%E2%80%931945%29&rft.volume=LXIII&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=60&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0037-7511&rft.aulast=Pjech&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Silesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gem1900-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gem1900_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gem1900_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/gem1900/gem1900.htm?schlesien/schlesien1900.htm">"Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland: Schlesien"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gemeindeverzeichnis+Deutschland%3A+Schlesien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemeindeverzeichnis.de%2Fgem1900%2Fgem1900.htm%3Fschlesien%2Fschlesien1900.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Silesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GUS1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GUS1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GUS1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plik:Rocznik_Statystyki_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej_-_1920-21.djvu">"Rocznik statystyki Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1920/21"</a>. <i>Rocznik Statystyki Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej</i> (in Polish and French). <b>I</b>. Warsaw: Główny Urząd Statystyczny: 56–62. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rocznik+Statystyki+Rzeczypospolitej+Polskiej&rft.atitle=Rocznik+statystyki+Rzeczypospolitej+Polskiej+1920%2F21&rft.volume=I&rft.pages=56-62&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPlik%3ARocznik_Statystyki_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej_-_1920-21.djvu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Silesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ome-lexikon.uni-oldenburg.de/regionen/schlesien/">"Schlesien: Geschichte im 20. Jahrhundert"</a>. <i>OME-Lexikon - Universität Oldenburg</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OME-Lexikon+-+Universit%C3%A4t+Oldenburg&rft.atitle=Schlesien%3A+Geschichte+im+20.+Jahrhundert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fome-lexikon.uni-oldenburg.de%2Fregionen%2Fschlesien%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Silesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSperling1932" class="citation web cs1">Sperling, Gotthard Hermann (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225225015/http://obc.opole.pl/Content/7836/D8150.pdf">"Aus Niederschlesiens Ostmark"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Opolska Biblioteka Cyfrowa</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://obc.opole.pl/Content/7836/D8150.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opolska+Biblioteka+Cyfrowa&rft.atitle=Aus+Niederschlesiens+Ostmark&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Sperling&rft.aufirst=Gotthard+Hermann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fobc.opole.pl%2FContent%2F7836%2FD8150.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Silesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinfeld-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinfeld1925" class="citation book cs1">Weinfeld, Ignacy (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyfrowa.chbp.chelm.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=11366"><i>Tablice statystyczne Polski: wydanie za rok 1924 [Poland's statistical tables: edition for year 1924]</i></a>. Warsaw: Instytut Wydawniczy "Bibljoteka Polska". p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tablice+statystyczne+Polski%3A+wydanie+za+rok+1924+%5BPoland%27s+statistical+tables%3A+edition+for+year+1924%5D&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Instytut+Wydawniczy+%22Bibljoteka+Polska%22&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Weinfeld&rft.aufirst=Ignacy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyfrowa.chbp.chelm.pl%2Fdlibra%2Fdocmetadata%3Fid%3D11366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Silesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://istmat.info/files/uploads/51382/maly_rocznik_statystyczny_1939.pdf"><i>Mały Rocznik Statystyczny [Little Statistical Yearbook] 1939</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Ossolińskich: 102–103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C5%9Al%C4%85ski+Kwartalnik+Historyczny+Sob%C3%B3tka&rft.atitle=Ostatnie+kazanie+polskie+w+Ko%C5%9Bciele+%C5%9Aw.+Marcina+we+Wroc%C5%82awiu&rft.volume=XVI&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=102-103&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Urban&rft.aufirst=Wincenty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Silesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegargeeOvermansVogt2022" class="citation book cs1">Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). <i>The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV</i>. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 254–257, 443. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1"><bdi>978-0-253-06089-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos+1933%E2%80%931945.+Volume+IV&rft.pages=254-257%2C+443&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-253-06089-1&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rft.au=Overmans%2C+R%C3%BCdiger&rft.au=Vogt%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Silesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelzyt1998" class="citation book cs1">Belzyt, Leszek (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/search?isbn"><i>Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat: 1815 – 1914; die preußische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar</i></a>. Marburg: Herder-Inst. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-87969-267-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-87969-267-5"><bdi>978-3-87969-267-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sprachliche+Minderheiten+im+preussischen+Staat%3A+1815+%E2%80%93+1914%3B+die+preu%C3%9Fische+Sprachenstatistik+in+Bearbeitung+und+Kommentar&rft.place=Marburg&rft.pub=Herder-Inst.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-3-87969-267-5&rft.aulast=Belzyt&rft.aufirst=Leszek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopacplus.bsb-muenchen.de%2Fsearch%3Fisbn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Silesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> Poland received a small part of historical <a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesia" title="Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a>, with majority <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">ethnic Polish</a> population as of year 1918. That area included parts of counties <a href="/wiki/Syc%C3%B3w" title="Syców">Syców</a> (German: Polnisch Wartenberg), <a href="/wiki/Namys%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Namysłów">Namysłów</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B3ra" title="Góra">Góra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milicz" title="Milicz">Milicz</a>. In total around 526 square kilometers with around 30 thousand<sup id="cite_ref-Weinfeld_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinfeld-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GUS1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GUS1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inhabitants, including the city of <a href="/wiki/Rychtal" title="Rychtal">Rychtal</a>. Too small to form its own voivodeship, the area was incorporated to <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Voivodeship_(1921%E2%80%931939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)">Poznań Voivodeship</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Province of Posen</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Interwar Silesian Voivodeship was formed from Prussian <a href="/wiki/East_Upper_Silesia" title="East Upper Silesia">East Upper Silesia</a> (area 3,225 km<sup>2</sup>) and Polish part of Austrian <a href="/wiki/Cieszyn_Silesia" title="Cieszyn Silesia">Cieszyn Silesia</a> (1,010 km<sup>2</sup>), in total 4,235 km<sup>2</sup>. After the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Trans-Olza" title="Trans-Olza">Trans-Olza</a> from Czechoslovakia in 1938, it increased to 5,122 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Silesian Voivodeship's capital was <a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Silesia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070702022512/http://www.oberschlesien-aktuell.de/hindenburg/wappen/oswappen.htm">Coats of arms</a> of Upper Silesian towns while part of the province of Silesia <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ulischubert.de/geografie/gem1900/gem1900.htm?schlesien/schlesien1900.htm">Administrative subdivision and population breakdown of the Province of Silesia in 1900/1900 (in German)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territories_and_provinces_of_Prussia_(1525–1947)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Territories_and_provinces_of_Prussia" title="Template:Territories and provinces of Prussia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Territories_and_provinces_of_Prussia" title="Template talk:Territories and provinces of Prussia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Territories_and_provinces_of_Prussia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Territories and provinces of Prussia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territories_and_provinces_of_Prussia_(1525–1947)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Territories and provinces of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> (1525–1947)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg%E2%80%93Prussia" title="Brandenburg–Prussia">Before 1701</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Duchy of Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cleves" title="Duchy of Cleves">Cleves</a> / <a href="/wiki/County_of_Mark" title="County of Mark">Mark</a> / <a href="/wiki/County_of_Ravensberg" title="County of Ravensberg">Ravensberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Xanten" title="Treaty of Xanten">1614</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1653%E2%80%931815)" title="Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)">Farther Pomerania</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Minden" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Minden">Minden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Halberstadt" title="Principality of Halberstadt">Halberstadt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">1648</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauenburg_and_B%C3%BCtow_Land" title="Lauenburg and Bütow Land">Lauenburg–Bütow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Starostwo_of_Draheim" title="Starostwo of Draheim">Draheim</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bromberg" title="Treaty of Bromberg">1657</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Magdeburg" title="Duchy of Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1680)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">Colonies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburger_Gold_Coast" title="Brandenburger Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_(Brandenburg_colony)" title="Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)">St. Thomas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">After 1701</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1707)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Guelders" title="Prussian Guelders">Guelders</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">1713</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minden-Ravensberg" title="Minden-Ravensberg">Minden-Ravensberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1719)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pomerania" title="Western Pomerania">Western Pomerania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Stockholm_(Great_Northern_War)" title="Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War)">1720</a> / 1815)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> / <a href="/wiki/County_of_Kladsko" title="County of Kladsko">Glatz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breslau" title="Treaty of Breslau">1742</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_East_Frisia" title="County of East Frisia">East Frisia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1744)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_East_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of East Prussia">East</a> / <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/First_Partition_of_Poland" title="First Partition of Poland">1772–73</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Prussia" title="South Prussia">South Prussia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland" title="Second Partition of Poland">1793</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_East_Prussia" title="New East Prussia">New East Prussia</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_Silesia" title="New Silesia">New Silesia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Third_Partition_of_Poland" title="Third Partition of Poland">1795</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Prussia" title="Provinces of Prussia">Post-Congress of<br />Vienna</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">(1814–15)</a></span></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Principality of Neuchâtel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1814–1848)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Posen" title="Grand Duchy of Posen">Grand Duchy of Posen</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Saxony" title="Province of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhine Province</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1822)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Prussia" title="Province of Prussia">Province of Prussia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1824–1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hohenzollern" title="Province of Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1850)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Province of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hanover" title="Province of Hanover">Hanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hesse-Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Prague_(1866)" title="Peace of Prague (1866)">1866–68</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Territorial reforms<br />after 1918</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lower_Silesia" title="Province of Lower Silesia">Lower</a> / <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Upper_Silesia" title="Province of Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">1919</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Berlin_Act" title="Greater Berlin Act">Greater Berlin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posen-West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Posen-West Prussia">Posen-West Prussia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle-Merseburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Halle-Merseburg">Halle-Merseburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Magdeburg" title="Province of Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Kurhessen" title="Province of Kurhessen">Kurhessen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Nassau" title="Province of Nassau">Nassau</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Became <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Province of Posen</a> in 1848.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>2</small></sup> From the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_the_Lower_Rhine" title="Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine">Lower Rhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Silesia_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Silesia_topics" title="Template:Silesia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Silesia_topics" title="Template talk:Silesia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Silesia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Silesia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Silesia_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Silesia" title="History of Silesia">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Offensives" class="mw-redirect" title="Silesian Offensives">Offensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings" title="Silesian Uprisings">Uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Wars" title="Silesian Wars">Wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Silesian_War" title="First Silesian War">First</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Silesian_War" title="Second Silesian War">Second</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Silesian_War" title="Third Silesian War">Third</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Upper_Silesia_plebiscite" title="1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite">1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Dresden" title="Treaty of Dresden">Treaty of Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Teschen" title="Treaty of Teschen">Treaty of Teschen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Henryk%C3%B3w" title="Book of Henryków">Book of Henryków</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica" title="Battle of Legnica">Battle of Legnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen" title="Battle of Leuthen">Battle of Leuthen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Silesia" title="Category:History of Silesia">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Silesia">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jelenia_G%C3%B3ra_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelenia Góra valley">Jelenia Góra valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%82odzko_Valley" title="Kłodzko Valley">Kłodzko Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesian_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Silesian Wilderness">Lower Silesian Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obni%C5%BCenie_Milicko-G%C5%82ogowskie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obniżenie Milicko-Głogowskie (page does not exist)">Obniżenie Milicko-Głogowskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrava_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostrava Valley">Ostrava Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim_Basin" title="Oświęcim Basin">Oświęcim Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przedg%C3%B3rze_Sudeckie" class="mw-redirect" title="Przedgórze Sudeckie">Przedgórze Sudeckie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Walls" title="Silesian Walls">Silesian Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Foothills" title="Silesian Foothills">Silesian Foothills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Lowlands" title="Silesian Lowlands">Silesian Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Przesieka" title="Silesian Przesieka">Silesian Przesieka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Upland" title="Silesian Upland">Silesian Upland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian-Lusatian_Lowlands" title="Silesian-Lusatian Lowlands">Silesian-Lusatian Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian-Moravian_Foothills" class="mw-redirect" title="Silesian-Moravian Foothills">Silesian-Moravian Foothills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wa%C5%82_Trzebnicki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wał Trzebnicki (page does not exist)">Wał Trzebnicki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zielona_G%C3%B3ra_Acclivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zielona Góra Acclivity (page does not exist)">Zielona Góra Acclivity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jezioro_Gocza%C5%82kowickie" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezioro Goczałkowickie">Jezioro Goczałkowickie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezioro_Otmuchowskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezioro Otmuchowskie">Jezioro Otmuchowskie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jezioro_S%C5%82awskie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jezioro Sławskie (page does not exist)">Jezioro Sławskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyskie_Lake" title="Nyskie Lake">Nyskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slezsk%C3%A1_Harta_Reservoir" title="Slezská Harta Reservoir">Slezská Harta Reservoir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Beskids" title="Silesian Beskids">Silesian Beskids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian-Silesian_Beskids" title="Moravian-Silesian Beskids">Moravian-Silesian Beskids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudetes" title="Sudetes">Sudetes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Sudetes" title="Eastern Sudetes">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Sudetes" title="Central Sudetes">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sudetes" title="Western Sudetes">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divok%C3%A1_Orlice" title="Divoká Orlice">Divoká Orlice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jizera_(river)" title="Jizera (river)">Jizera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Apa" title="Úpa">Úpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barycz_(river)" title="Barycz (river)">Barycz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3br" title="Bóbr">Bóbr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaczawa" title="Kaczawa">Kaczawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%82odnica" title="Kłodnica">Kłodnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwisa" title="Kwisa">Kwisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liswarta" title="Liswarta">Liswarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82a_Panew" title="Mała Panew">Mała Panew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nysa_K%C5%82odzka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nysa Kłodzka">Nysa Kłodzka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olza_(river)" title="Olza (river)">Olza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Al%C4%99za" title="Ślęza">Ślęza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_(Vistula)" title="Biała (Vistula)">Biała</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brynica" title="Brynica">Brynica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gostynia" title="Gostynia">Gostynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przemsza" title="Przemsza">Przemsza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pszczynka" title="Pszczynka">Pszczynka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawa_(river)" title="Rawa (river)">Rawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lower_and_Upper_Silesia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lower_and_Upper_Silesia.png/55px-Lower_and_Upper_Silesia.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lower_and_Upper_Silesia.png/83px-Lower_and_Upper_Silesia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lower_and_Upper_Silesia.png/110px-Lower_and_Upper_Silesia.png 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchies_of_Silesia" title="Duchies of Silesia">Duchies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Piasts" title="Silesian Piasts">Piasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Silesia">dukes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Voivodeship_(1920%E2%80%9339)" class="mw-redirect" title="Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)">Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Parliament" title="Silesian Parliament">parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_of_the_Silesian_Voivodeship_(1920%E2%80%931939)" title="Category:Politicians of the Silesian Voivodeship (1920–1939)">politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Treasury" title="Silesian Treasury">treasury</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_country" title="State country">State country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesia_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Silesia Province">Silesia Province</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Silesia Province">Upper Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesia_Province_(Prussia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Silesia Province (Prussia)">Lower Silesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Silesia" title="New Silesia">New Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Silesia" title="Austrian Silesia">Austrian Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Silesia" title="Eastern Silesia">Eastern Silesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesen%C3%ADk_District" title="Jeseník District">Jeseník District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian%E2%80%93Silesian_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian–Silesian Region">Moravian–Silesian Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederschlesischer_Oberlausitzkreis" title="Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis">Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rlitz_(district)" title="Görlitz (district)">Görlitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Voivodeship" title="Voivodeship">Voivodeships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Lower Silesian Voivodeship">Lower Silesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubusz_Voivodeship" title="Lubusz Voivodeship">Lubusz Voivodeships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opole_Voivodeship" title="Opole Voivodeship">Opole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Silesian Voivodeship">Silesian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">EP</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">constituencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesian_and_Opole_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lower Silesian and Opole (European Parliament constituency)">Lower Silesian and Opole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Silesian (European Parliament constituency)">Silesian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic_Silesia_CoA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Generic_Silesia_CoA.svg/55px-Generic_Silesia_CoA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Generic_Silesia_CoA.svg/83px-Generic_Silesia_CoA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Generic_Silesia_CoA.svg/110px-Generic_Silesia_CoA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="167" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Socioeconomics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katowice_urban_area" title="Katowice urban area">Katowice urban area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_GZM" title="Metropolis GZM">Metropolis GZM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katowice-Ostrava_metropolitan_area" title="Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area">Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bielski_Okr%C4%99g_Przemys%C5%82owy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bielski Okręg Przemysłowy (page does not exist)">Bielski Okręg Przemysłowy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legnicko-G%C5%82ogowski_Okr%C4%99g_Miedziowy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy (page does not exist)">Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Silesian_Coal_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Silesian Coal Basin (page does not exist)">Lower Silesian Coal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesian_Coal_Basin" title="Upper Silesian Coal Basin">Upper Silesian Coal Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesian_Industrial_Region" title="Upper Silesian Industrial Region">Industrial Region</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostrava-Karvin%C3%A1_Coal_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostrava-Karviná Coal Area (page does not exist)">Ostrava-Karviná</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rybnik_Coal_Area" title="Rybnik Coal Area">Rybnik Coal Areas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Silesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Silesia (page does not exist)">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Society</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_architecture" title="Silesian architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Familok" title="Familok">Familŏk</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_regional_costume" class="mw-redirect" title="Silesian regional costume">Regional costume</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Silesian_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Silesian Museum (page does not exist)">Upper Silesian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Museum_(Opava)" title="Silesian Museum (Opava)">Silesian Museum (Opava)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Silesian Museum">Silesian Museum (Katowice)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Silesian_cuisine" title="Silesian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Black noodles">Black noodles</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bryja" title="Bryja">Bryja</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panczkraut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panczkraut (page does not exist)">Panczkraut <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(ciapkapusta)</i></span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silesian_dumplings" title="Silesian dumplings">Klōzki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galert (page does not exist)">Galert</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hauskyjza" title="Hauskyjza">Hauskyjza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karminadle" title="Karminadle">Karminadle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82%C5%8Fcz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kołŏcz (page does not exist)">Kołŏcz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopalnioki" title="Kopalnioki">Kopalnioki</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kreple" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreple">Kreple</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaszanka" title="Kaszanka"><i>Krupniok</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3wki" title="Makówki">Makōwki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moczka" title="Moczka">Moczka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modr%C5%8F_kapusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modrŏ kapusta (page does not exist)">Modrŏ kapusta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siemieniotka" title="Siemieniotka">Siymiyniotka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sza%C5%82ot" title="Szałot">Szałŏt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wodzionka" class="mw-redirect" title="Wodzionka">Wodziōnka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBur" class="mw-redirect" title="Żur">Żur</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Berlin,_Brandenburg_and_Silesian_Upper_Lusatia" title="Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia">Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession">Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Poland" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland">Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Church_in_Poland" title="Pentecostal Church in Poland">Pentecostal Church in Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesian_Football_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silesian Football Association (page does not exist)">Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian%E2%80%93Silesian_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian–Silesian Football League">Moravian–Silesian Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesia_national_football_team" title="Silesia national football team">National football team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Stadium" title="Silesian Stadium">Silesian Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_German" title="Silesian German">Silesian German <span style="font-size:85%;">(Lower Silesian)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lach_dialects" title="Lach dialects">Lach dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_language" title="Silesian language"> Silesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_dialects" title="Moravian dialects">Moravian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Silesia" title="Coat of arms of Silesia">Coats of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of Silesia">Flags</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Unofficial anthems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schlesien_Unvergessene_Heimat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schlesien Unvergessene Heimat (page does not exist)">Schlesien Unvergessene Heimat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schlesierlied&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schlesierlied (page does not exist)">Schlesierlied</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slezsk%C3%A1_hymna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slezská hymna (page does not exist)">Slezská hymna</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Silesia">Demographics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Landsmannschaft_Schlesien" title="Landsmannschaft Schlesien">Landsmannschaft Schlesien</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Autonomy_Movement" title="Silesian Autonomy Movement">Silesian Autonomy Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_March" title="Autonomy March">Marsz Autōnōmije</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesians" title="Silesians">Silesians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Silesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Silesia.svg/55px-Flag_of_Silesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Silesia.svg/83px-Flag_of_Silesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Silesia.svg/110px-Flag_of_Silesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Upper_Silesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Upper_Silesia.svg/55px-Flag_of_Upper_Silesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Upper_Silesia.svg/83px-Flag_of_Upper_Silesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Upper_Silesia.svg/110px-Flag_of_Upper_Silesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td 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authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675032#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4052678-1">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐r2wfs Cached time: 20241122141451 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.714 seconds Real time usage: 0.918 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4680/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 163974/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11685/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 18/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 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