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class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Johnny_Cash" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Johnny+Cash" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the singer. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Johnny Cash (disambiguation)">Johnny Cash (disambiguation)</a>. "John R. Cash" redirects here. For the album, see <a href="/wiki/John_R._Cash_(album)" title="John R. Cash (album)">John R. Cash (album)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter. Most of Cash's music contains themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, and redemption, especially songs from the later stages of his career.<a href="#cite_note-Parales-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mulligan-4">[4]</a> He was known for his deep, calm, <a href="/wiki/Bass-baritone" title="Bass-baritone">bass-baritone</a> voice,<a href="#cite_note-5">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrbanski2003%5Bhttpsbooksgooglecombooksidx_dK-0HfHUYC_xiv%5D-6">[5]</a> the distinctive sound of his backing band, <a href="/wiki/The_Tennessee_Three" title="The Tennessee Three">the Tennessee Three</a>, that was characterized by its train-like chugging guitar rhythms, a rebelliousness<a href="#cite_note-Dickie-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Streissguth_profile-8">[7]</a> coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor,<a href="#cite_note-Parales-3">[3]</a> and his free prison concerts.<a href="#cite_note-Fox-9">[8]</a> Cash wore a trademark all-black stage wardrobe, which earned him the <a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">nickname</a> "<a href="/wiki/Man_in_Black_(song)" title="Man in Black (song)">Man in Black</a>".<a href="#cite_note-11">[b]</a> <table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Johnny Cash</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnny_Cash_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Johnny_Cash_1977.jpg/220px-Johnny_Cash_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Johnny_Cash_1977.jpg/330px-Johnny_Cash_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Johnny_Cash_1977.jpg/440px-Johnny_Cash_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="904"></a><div class="infobox-caption">Cash in 1977</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">J. R. Cash</div> (1932-02-26)February 26, 1932 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kingsland,_Arkansas" title="Kingsland, Arkansas">Kingsland, Arkansas</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 12, 2003(2003-09-12) (aged 71) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens" title="Hendersonville Memory Gardens">Hendersonville Memory Gardens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>"Man in Black"</li><li>John R. Cash</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Singer</li><li>songwriter</li><li>musician</li><li>actor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1954–2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Cash" title="Vivian Cash">Vivian Liberto</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1954; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1966)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/June_Carter_Cash" title="June Carter Cash">June Carter</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">1968; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">2003)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5, including <a href="/wiki/Rosanne_Cash" title="Rosanne Cash">Rosanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Cash" title="Cindy Cash">Cindy</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Cash" title="John Carter Cash">John</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Cash" title="Tommy Cash">Tommy Cash</a> (brother) <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gabriel_(country_singer)" title="Thomas Gabriel (country singer)">Thomas Gabriel</a> (grandson)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1950–1954</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Staff_sergeant" title="Staff sergeant">Staff sergeant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">folk</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Vocals</li><li>guitar</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discography</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_albums_discography" title="Johnny Cash albums discography">Albums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_singles_discography" title="Johnny Cash singles discography">singles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Johnny_Cash" title="List of songs recorded by Johnny Cash">songs</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records">Sun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/American_Recordings_(record_label)" title="American Recordings (record label)">American Recordings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Cash" title="House of Cash">House of Cash</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Recordings" title="Legacy Recordings">Legacy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Highwaymen_(country_supergroup)" title="The Highwaymen (country supergroup)">The Highwaymen</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johnnycash.com">johnnycash.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Born to poor cotton farmers in <a href="/wiki/Kingsland,_Arkansas" title="Kingsland, Arkansas">Kingsland, Arkansas</a>, Cash grew up on gospel music and played on a local radio station in high school. He served four years in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>, much of it in West Germany. After his return to the United States, he rose to fame during the mid-1950s in the burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> scene in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>. He traditionally began his concerts by introducing himself with "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash".<a href="#cite_note-13">[c]</a> He began to follow that by "<a href="/wiki/Folsom_Prison_Blues" title="Folsom Prison Blues">Folsom Prison Blues</a>", one of his <a href="/wiki/Signature_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Signature song">signature songs</a>. His other signature songs include "<a href="/wiki/I_Walk_the_Line" title="I Walk the Line">I Walk the Line</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire_(song)" title="Ring of Fire (song)">Ring of Fire</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Get_Rhythm" title="Get Rhythm">Get Rhythm</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Man_in_Black_(song)" title="Man in Black (song)">Man in Black</a>". He also recorded humorous numbers like "<a href="/wiki/One_Piece_at_a_Time" title="One Piece at a Time">One Piece at a Time</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/A_Boy_Named_Sue" title="A Boy Named Sue">A Boy Named Sue</a>", a duet with his future wife <a href="/wiki/June_Carter" class="mw-redirect" title="June Carter">June</a> called "<a href="/wiki/Jackson_(song)" title="Jackson (song)">Jackson</a>" (followed by many further duets after they married), and <a href="/wiki/List_of_train_songs" title="List of train songs">railroad songs</a> such as "<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Porter" title="Hey, Porter">Hey, Porter</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Orange_Blossom_Special_(song)" title="Orange Blossom Special (song)">Orange Blossom Special</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_Line_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock Island Line (song)">Rock Island Line</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Cusic_book-14">[11]</a> During the last stage of his career, he covered songs by contemporary rock artists; among his most notable covers were "<a href="/wiki/Hurt_(Nine_Inch_Nails_song)#Johnny_Cash_version" title="Hurt (Nine Inch Nails song)">Hurt</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails" title="Nine Inch Nails">Nine Inch Nails</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Rusty_Cage" title="Rusty Cage">Rusty Cage</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Soundgarden" title="Soundgarden">Soundgarden</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/Personal_Jesus" title="Personal Jesus">Personal Jesus</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Depeche_Mode" title="Depeche Mode">Depeche Mode</a>. Cash is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">best-selling music artists of all time</a>, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a> His genre-spanning music embraced <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">folk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a> sounds. This crossover appeal earned him the rare honor of being inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Music Hall of Fame">Country Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Gospel Music Hall of Fame">Gospel Music</a> Halls of Fame. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life">1 Early life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career">2 Career</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Early_career">2.1 Early career</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Outlaw_image">2.2 Outlaw image</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Folsom_and_other_prison_concerts">2.3 Folsom and other prison concerts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Activism_for_Native_Americans">2.4 Activism for Native Americans</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#The_Johnny_Cash_Show">2.5 The Johnny Cash Show</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#The_%22Man_in_Black%22">2.6 The "Man in Black"</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Highwaymen_and_departure_from_Columbia_Records">2.7 Highwaymen and departure from Columbia Records</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#American_Recordings">2.8 American Recordings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Later_years_and_death">3 Later years and death</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Personal_life">4 Personal life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Religious_beliefs">5 Religious beliefs</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Legacy">6 Legacy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Portrayals">6.1 Portrayals</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Awards_and_honors">7 Awards and honors</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Discography">8 Discography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Filmography">9 Filmography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Film">9.1 Film</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Television">9.2 Television</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Published_works">10 Published works</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Notes">11 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#References">12 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Bibliography">12.1 Bibliography</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Further_reading">13 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#External_links">14 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home_(Dyess,_Arkansas).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home_%28Dyess%2C_Arkansas%29.jpg/220px-Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home_%28Dyess%2C_Arkansas%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home_%28Dyess%2C_Arkansas%29.jpg/220px-Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home_%28Dyess%2C_Arkansas%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home_%28Dyess%2C_Arkansas%29.jpg/330px-Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home_%28Dyess%2C_Arkansas%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home_%28Dyess%2C_Arkansas%29.jpg/440px-Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home_%28Dyess%2C_Arkansas%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home" title="Johnny Cash Boyhood Home">Cash's boyhood home</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dyess,_Arkansas" title="Dyess, Arkansas">Dyess, Arkansas</a>, where he lived from the age of three in 1935 until he finished high school in 1950. The property, pictured here in 2021, is listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>. The home was renovated in 2011 to look as it did when Cash lived there as a child.</figcaption></figure> Cash was born J. R. Cash in <a href="/wiki/Kingsland,_Arkansas" title="Kingsland, Arkansas">Kingsland, Arkansas</a>, on February 26, 1932,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2003341-17">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> to Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers) and Ray Cash. He had three older siblings, Roy, Margaret Louise, and Jack, and three younger siblings, Reba, Joanne, and <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Cash" title="Tommy Cash">Tommy</a> (who also became a successful country artist).<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> He was primarily of English and Scottish descent.<a href="#cite_note-Millar-21">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Memoir1-22">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Manzoor-23">[20]</a> His paternal grandmother claimed <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> ancestry. But a <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> test of Cash's daughter <a href="/wiki/Rosanne_Cash" title="Rosanne Cash">Rosanne</a> in 2021 on <a href="/wiki/Finding_Your_Roots" title="Finding Your Roots">Finding Your Roots</a>, hosted by historian <a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Louis Gates Jr">Henry Louis Gates Jr</a>, found she has no known Native American markers.<a href="#cite_note-gates-24">[21]</a> The researchers found Roseanne Cash has 3.3% Sub-Saharan African DNA, and they found the Sub-Saharan African DNA comes from both maternal and paternal sides of Cash's family.<a href="#cite_note-gates-24">[21]</a> Researchers traced the Sub-Saharan African DNA to Roseanne's enslaved maternal African ancestors: her "third great grand-mother" Sarah A. Shields and Shields' mother, who could have been of "full African descent."<a href="#cite_note-gates-24">[21]</a> Gates also informed Cash that the researchers traced Sub-Saharan African DNA to "an unknown African ancestor on your father's [Johnny's] side."<a href="#cite_note-gates-24">[21]</a> After meeting with the then-<a href="/wiki/Laird" title="Laird">laird</a> of <a href="/wiki/Falkland,_Fife" title="Falkland, Fife">Falkland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, Major Michael Crichton-Stuart, Cash became interested in his Scots ancestry. He traced his Scottish surname to 11th-century Fife. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller200311-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the surname of his father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller200311-25">[22]</a> He is a distant cousin of British <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cash" title="Bill Cash">Sir William Cash</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> He also had English ancestry. Because his mother wanted to name him John and his father preferred to name him Ray when he was born, they compromised on the initials "J. R."<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> But when Cash enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a> after high school, he was not permitted to use initials as a first name. He adopted the name "John R. Cash". In 1955, when signing with <a href="/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records">Sun Records</a>, he started using the name "Johnny Cash".<a href="#cite_note-Streissguth_profile-8">[7]</a> In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the family settled in <a href="/wiki/Dyess,_Arkansas" title="Dyess, Arkansas">Dyess, Arkansas</a>, a <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> colony established during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> under the administration of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>. It was intended to give poor families the opportunity to work land that they might later own.<a href="#cite_note-Bowden-30">[27]</a> From the age of five, Cash worked in cotton fields with his family, singing with them as they worked. Dyess and the Cash farm suffered a flood during his childhood. Later he wrote the song "<a href="/wiki/Five_Feet_High_and_Rising_(song)" title="Five Feet High and Rising (song)">Five Feet High and Rising</a>".<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> His family's economic and personal struggles during the Great Depression gave him a lifelong sympathy for the poor and working class, and inspired many of his songs. In 1944,<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> Cash's older brother Jack, with whom he was close, was cut almost in two by an unguarded <a href="/wiki/Table_saw" title="Table saw">table saw</a> at work. He died of his wounds a week later.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> According to Cash's autobiography, he, his mother, and Jack all had a sense of foreboding about that day; his mother urged Jack to skip work and go fishing with Cash, but Jack insisted on working as the family needed the money. Cash often spoke of the guilt he felt over the incident. He would say that he looked forward to "meeting [his] brother in Heaven".<a href="#cite_note-Streissguth_profile-8">[7]</a> Cash's early memories were dominated by <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel music</a> and radio. Taught guitar by his mother and a childhood friend, Cash began playing and writing songs at the age of 12. When young, Cash had a <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">high-tenor</a> voice, before becoming a <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">bass-baritone</a> after his <a href="/wiki/Voice_change" title="Voice change">voice changed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> In high school, he sang on a local Arkansas radio station. Decades later, he released an album of traditional gospel songs called <a href="/wiki/My_Mother%27s_Hymn_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="My Mother's Hymn Book">My Mother's Hymn Book</a>. He was also strongly influenced by traditional <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Irish music</a>, which he heard performed weekly by <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Day" title="Dennis Day">Dennis Day</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a> radio program.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> Cash enlisted in the Air Force on July 7, 1950, shortly after the start of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Basic_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic training">basic training</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lackland_Air_Force_Base" title="Lackland Air Force Base">Lackland Air Force Base</a> and technical training at <a href="/wiki/Brooks_Air_Force_Base" title="Brooks Air Force Base">Brooks Air Force Base</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio, Texas</a>, Cash was assigned to the 12th Radio Squadron Mobile of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_Security_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force Security Service">U.S. Air Force Security Service</a> at <a href="/wiki/Landsberg_am_Lech" title="Landsberg am Lech">Landsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. While in San Antonio, he met <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Cash" title="Vivian Cash">Vivian Liberto</a>, an attractive girl of Sicilian, Irish and German ancestry. They dated briefly before his departure. During the years he served overseas, they exchanged thousands of letters. He worked in West Germany as a <a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a> operator, intercepting <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a> transmissions. While working this job, Cash was said to be the first American to be given the news of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s death (supplied via Morse code). His daughter, <a href="/wiki/Rosanne_Cash" title="Rosanne Cash">Rosanne</a>, said that Cash had recounted the story many times over the years.<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> While at Landsberg, he created his first band, "The Landsberg Barbarians".<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> On July 3, 1954, he was honorably discharged as a <a href="/wiki/Staff_sergeant#U.S._Air_Force" title="Staff sergeant">staff sergeant</a>, and he returned to Texas.<a href="#cite_note-morsecode-41">[38]</a> During his military service, he acquired a distinctive scar on the right side of his jaw as a result of surgery to remove a <a href="/wiki/Cyst" title="Cyst">cyst</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tasteofcountry-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-tv-43">[40]</a> Soon after his return, Cash married Vivian Liberto in San Antonio. She had grown up Catholic and was married in the church by her paternal uncle, Father Franco Liberto.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnny_Cash_Promotional_Photo_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Johnny_Cash_Promotional_Photo_2.jpg/170px-Johnny_Cash_Promotional_Photo_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="587"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 208px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Johnny_Cash_Promotional_Photo_2.jpg/170px-Johnny_Cash_Promotional_Photo_2.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Johnny_Cash_Promotional_Photo_2.jpg/255px-Johnny_Cash_Promotional_Photo_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Johnny_Cash_Promotional_Photo_2.jpg/340px-Johnny_Cash_Promotional_Photo_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Publicity photo for Sun Records, 1955</figcaption></figure> In 1954, Cash and his first wife Vivian moved to <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>. He sold appliances while studying to be a radio announcer. At night, he played with guitarist <a href="/wiki/Luther_Perkins" title="Luther Perkins">Luther Perkins</a> and bassist <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Grant" title="Marshall Grant">Marshall Grant</a>. Perkins and Grant were known as the <a href="/wiki/The_Tennessee_Three" title="The Tennessee Three">Tennessee Two</a>. Cash worked up the courage to visit the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records">Sun Records</a> studio, hoping to get a recording contract.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> He auditioned for <a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a> by singing mostly gospel songs, only to learn from the producer that he no longer recorded gospel music. Phillips was rumored to have told Cash to "go home and sin, then come back with a song I can sell". In a 2002 interview, Cash denied that Phillips made any such comment.<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> Cash eventually won over the producer with new songs delivered in his early rockabilly style. In 1955, Cash made his first recordings at Sun, "<a href="/wiki/Hey_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Hey Porter">Hey Porter</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Cry!_Cry!_Cry!" title="Cry! Cry! Cry!">Cry! Cry! Cry!</a>", which were released in late June and met with success on the country <a href="/wiki/Hit_parade" title="Hit parade">hit parade</a>. On December 4, 1956, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> dropped in on Phillips while <a href="/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a> was in the studio cutting new tracks, with <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a> backing him on piano. Cash was also in the studio, and the four started an <a href="/wiki/Impromptu" title="Impromptu">impromptu</a> <a href="/wiki/Jam_session" title="Jam session">jam session</a>. Phillips left the tapes running and the recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived. They have since been released under the title <a href="/wiki/Million_Dollar_Quartet" title="Million Dollar Quartet">Million Dollar Quartet</a>. In Cash: the Autobiography, Cash wrote that he was the farthest from the microphone and sang in a higher pitch to blend in with Elvis. Cash's next record, "Folsom Prison Blues", made the country top five. His "<a href="/wiki/I_Walk_the_Line" title="I Walk the Line">I Walk the Line</a>" became number one on the country charts and entered the pop charts top 20. "<a href="/wiki/Home_of_the_Blues" title="Home of the Blues">Home of the Blues</a>" followed, recorded in July 1957. That same year, Cash became the first Sun artist to release a <a href="/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">long-playing album</a>. Although he was Sun's most consistently selling and prolific artist at that time, Cash felt constrained by his contract with the small label. Phillips did not want Cash to record gospel and was paying him a 3% royalty rather than the standard rate of 5%. Presley had already left Sun, and Cash felt that Phillips was focusing most of his attention and promotion on Lewis. In 1958, Cash left Phillips to sign a lucrative offer with <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>. His single "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Take_Your_Guns_to_Town" title="Don't Take Your Guns to Town">Don't Take Your Guns to Town</a>" became one of his biggest hits. He recorded a collection of gospel songs for his second album for Columbia. However, Cash left behind such a backlog of recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and albums featuring previously unreleased material until as late as 1964. Cash was in the unusual position of having new releases out on two labels concurrently. Sun's 1960 release, a cover of "<a href="/wiki/Oh_Lonesome_Me" title="Oh Lonesome Me">Oh Lonesome Me</a>", made it to number 13 on the C&W charts.<a href="#cite_note-46">[d]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnny_Cash_-_Cash_Box_1957.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Johnny_Cash_-_Cash_Box_1957.jpg/220px-Johnny_Cash_-_Cash_Box_1957.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4213" data-file-height="3480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 182px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Johnny_Cash_-_Cash_Box_1957.jpg/220px-Johnny_Cash_-_Cash_Box_1957.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="182" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Johnny_Cash_-_Cash_Box_1957.jpg/330px-Johnny_Cash_-_Cash_Box_1957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Johnny_Cash_-_Cash_Box_1957.jpg/440px-Johnny_Cash_-_Cash_Box_1957.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cash on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Cashbox_(magazine)" title="Cashbox (magazine)">Cash Box</a> magazine, September 7, 1957</figcaption></figure> Early in his career, Cash was given the teasing nickname "the Undertaker" by fellow artists because of his habit of wearing black clothes. He said he chose them because they were easier to keep looking clean on long tours.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> In the early 1960s, Cash toured with the Carter Family, which by this time regularly included <a href="/wiki/Maybelle_Carter" title="Maybelle Carter">Mother Maybelle</a>'s daughters, <a href="/wiki/Anita_Carter" title="Anita Carter">Anita</a>, June, and <a href="/wiki/Helen_Carter" title="Helen Carter">Helen</a>. June later recalled admiring him from afar during these tours. In the 1960s, he appeared on <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>'s short-lived television series <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Quest" title="Rainbow Quest">Rainbow Quest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> He also acted in, and wrote and sang the opening theme for, a 1961 film entitled <a href="/wiki/Five_Minutes_to_Live" title="Five Minutes to Live">Five Minutes to Live</a>. It was later re-released as Door-to-door Maniac. Cash's career was handled by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Holiff" title="Saul Holiff">Saul Holiff</a>, a <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London, Ontario</a>, promoter. Their relationship was the subject of Saul's son's biopic <a href="/wiki/My_Father_and_the_Man_in_Black" title="My Father and the Man in Black">My Father and the Man in Black</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outlaw_image">Outlaw image</h3></div> As his career was taking off in the late 1950s, Cash started drinking heavily and became addicted to <a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">amphetamines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">barbiturates</a>. For a brief time, he shared an apartment in Nashville with <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Jennings" title="Waylon Jennings">Waylon Jennings</a>, who was deeply addicted to amphetamines. Cash would use the stimulants to stay awake during tours. Friends joked about his "nervousness" and erratic behavior, many ignoring the warning signs of his worsening <a href="/wiki/Drug_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug addiction">drug addiction</a>. Although he was in many ways spiraling out of control, Cash could still deliver hits due to his frenetic creativity. His rendition of "<a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire_(song)" title="Ring of Fire (song)">Ring of Fire</a>" was a <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover (music)">crossover</a> hit, reaching number one on the country charts and entering the top 20 on the pop charts. It was originally performed by <a href="/wiki/June_Carter" class="mw-redirect" title="June Carter">June Carter</a>'s sister, but the signature <a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">mariachi</a>-style horn arrangement was provided by Cash.<a href="#cite_note-pc10-50">[46]</a> He said that it had come to him in a dream. His first wife Vivian (Liberto) Cash claimed a different version of the origins of "Ring of Fire". In her book, I Walked the Line: My Life with Johnny (2007), Liberto says that Cash gave Carter half the songwriting credit for monetary reasons.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> In June 1965, Cash's camper caught fire during a fishing trip with his nephew Damon Fielder in <a href="/wiki/Los_Padres_National_Forest" title="Los Padres National Forest">Los Padres National Forest</a> in California. It set off a forest fire that burned several hundred acres and nearly caused his death.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> Cash claimed that the fire was caused by sparks from a defective exhaust system on his camper, but Fielder thought that Cash started a fire to stay warm and, under the influence of drugs, failed to notice the fire getting out of control.<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> When the judge asked Cash why he did it, Cash said, "I didn't do it, my truck did, and it's dead, so you can't question it."<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a> The fire destroyed 508 acres (206 ha), burned the foliage off three mountains and drove off 49 of the refuge's 53 endangered <a href="/wiki/California_condor" title="California condor">California condors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> Cash was unrepentant and said, "I don't care about your damn yellow buzzards."<a href="#cite_note-LAT_Hilburn-57">[53]</a> The federal government sued him and was awarded $125,172. Cash eventually <a href="/wiki/Settlement_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Settlement (law)">settled</a> the case and paid $82,001.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnny_Cash_and_The_Tennessee_Three_1963.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Johnny_Cash_and_The_Tennessee_Three_1963.JPG/220px-Johnny_Cash_and_The_Tennessee_Three_1963.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Johnny_Cash_and_The_Tennessee_Three_1963.JPG/220px-Johnny_Cash_and_The_Tennessee_Three_1963.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Johnny_Cash_and_The_Tennessee_Three_1963.JPG/330px-Johnny_Cash_and_The_Tennessee_Three_1963.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Johnny_Cash_and_The_Tennessee_Three_1963.JPG/440px-Johnny_Cash_and_The_Tennessee_Three_1963.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Tennessee_Three" title="The Tennessee Three">The Tennessee Three</a> with Cash in 1963</figcaption></figure> Although Cash cultivated a romantic <a href="/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">outlaw</a> image, he never served a prison sentence. Despite landing in jail seven times for <a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor">misdemeanors</a>, he was held only one night each time. On May 11, 1965, he was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Starkville,_Mississippi" title="Starkville, Mississippi">Starkville, Mississippi</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Trespassing" class="mw-redirect" title="Trespassing">trespassing</a> late at night onto private property to pick flowers. (He used this incident as the basis for the song "Starkville City Jail". He discussed this on his live At San Quentin album.)<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> While on tour later that year, he was arrested October 4 in <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a>, by a <a href="/wiki/Narcotic" title="Narcotic">narcotics</a> squad. The officers suspected he was <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a> <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> from Mexico, but found instead 688 <a href="/wiki/Dexedrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dexedrine">Dexedrine</a> capsules (amphetamines) and 475 <a href="/wiki/Meprobamate" title="Meprobamate">Equanil</a> (sedatives or tranquilizers) tablets hidden inside his guitar case. Because the pills were prescription drugs rather than illegal narcotics, Cash received a <a href="/wiki/Suspended_sentence" title="Suspended sentence">suspended sentence</a>. He posted a $1,500 bond and was released until his arraignment.<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> In this period of the mid-1960s, Cash released a number of <a href="/wiki/Concept_album" title="Concept album">concept albums</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Bitter_Tears" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter Tears">Bitter Tears</a> (1964) was devoted to spoken word and songs addressing the plight of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> and mistreatment by the government. While initially reaching charts, this album met with resistance from some fans and radio stations, which rejected its controversial take on social issues. In 2011, a book was published about it, leading to a re-recording of the songs by contemporary artists and the making of a documentary film about Cash's efforts with the album. This film was aired on PBS in February and November 2016. His <a href="/wiki/Sings_the_Ballads_of_the_True_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Sings the Ballads of the True West">Sings the Ballads of the True West</a> (1965) was an experimental double record, mixing authentic frontier songs with Cash's spoken narration. Reaching a low with his severe drug addiction and destructive behavior, Cash and his first wife divorced after having separated in 1962. Some venues cancelled his performances, but he continued to find success. In 1967, Cash's duet with June Carter, "<a href="/wiki/Jackson_(song)" title="Jackson (song)">Jackson</a>", won a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a> Cash was last arrested in 1967 in <a href="/wiki/Walker_County,_Georgia" title="Walker County, Georgia">Walker County, Georgia</a>, after police found he was carrying a bag of prescription pills when in a car accident. Cash attempted to bribe a local deputy, who turned the money down. He was jailed for the night in <a href="/wiki/LaFayette,_Georgia" title="LaFayette, Georgia">LaFayette, Georgia</a>. Sheriff Ralph Jones released him after giving him a long talk, warning him about the danger of his behavior and wasted potential. Cash credited that experience with helping him turn around and save his life. He later returned to LaFayette to play a benefit concert; it attracted 12,000 people (the city population was less than 9,000 at the time) and raised $75,000 for the high school.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> Reflecting on his past in a 1997 interview, Cash noted: "I was taking the pills for awhile, and then the pills started taking me."<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> June, Maybelle, and Ezra Carter moved into Cash's mansion for a month to help him get off drugs. Cash proposed onstage to June on February 22, 1968, at a concert at the <a href="/wiki/London_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="London Gardens">London Gardens</a> in London, Ontario, Canada. The couple married a week later (on March 1) in <a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Kentucky" title="Franklin, Kentucky">Franklin, Kentucky</a>. She had agreed to marry Cash after he had "cleaned up."<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> Cash's journey included rediscovery of his Christian faith. He took an "<a href="/wiki/Altar_call" title="Altar call">altar call</a>" in Evangel Temple, a small church in the Nashville area, pastored by Reverend Jimmie Rodgers Snow, son of country music legend <a href="/wiki/Hank_Snow" title="Hank Snow">Hank Snow</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Grant" title="Marshall Grant">Marshall Grant</a>, though, Cash did not completely stop using amphetamines in 1968; and did not fully end drug use for another two years. He was drug-free for a period of seven years. In his memoir about time with Cash, Grant said that the birth of Cash's son, <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Cash" title="John Carter Cash">John Carter Cash</a>, inspired the singer to end his dependence.<a href="#cite_note-Grant_page_92-65">[61]</a> Cash began using amphetamines again in 1977. By 1983, he was deeply addicted again. He entered rehab at the <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford_Clinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty Ford Clinic">Betty Ford Clinic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Mirage,_California" title="Rancho Mirage, California">Rancho Mirage</a> for treatment. He stayed off drugs for several years, but relapsed. In 1989, he entered Nashville's Cumberland Heights Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center. In 1992, he started care at the Loma Linda Behavioral Medicine Center in <a href="/wiki/Loma_Linda,_California" title="Loma Linda, California">Loma Linda, California</a>, for his final rehabilitation treatment. (Several months later, his son followed him into this facility for treatment.)<a href="#cite_note-Grant-66">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-John_Carter_Cash-67">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folsom_and_other_prison_concerts">Folsom and other prison concerts</h3></div> In the late 1950s Cash began performing concerts at prisons. He played his first notable prison concert on January 1, 1958, at <a href="/wiki/San_Quentin_State_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="San Quentin State Prison">San Quentin State Prison</a> in California.<a href="#cite_note-cash1958-68">[64]</a> These performances were recorded live, and released on highly successful albums: <a href="/wiki/At_Folsom_Prison" title="At Folsom Prison">Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison</a> (1968) and <a href="/wiki/At_San_Quentin" title="At San Quentin">Johnny Cash at San Quentin</a> (1969). Both live albums reached number one on Billboard country album music and the latter crossed over to reach the top of the Billboard pop album chart. In 1969, Cash became an international hit when he eclipsed even <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> by selling 6.5 million albums.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> In comparison, the prison concerts were much more successful than his later live albums such as Strawberry Cake recorded in London and Live at Madison Square Garden, which peaked at numbers 33 and 39 on the album charts, respectively. The <a href="/wiki/Folsom_State_Prison" title="Folsom State Prison">Folsom Prison</a> record was introduced by a rendition of his "Folsom Prison Blues", while the <a href="/wiki/San_Quentin" class="mw-redirect" title="San Quentin">San Quentin</a> record included the crossover hit single "<a href="/wiki/A_Boy_Named_Sue" title="A Boy Named Sue">A Boy Named Sue</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Shel_Silverstein" title="Shel Silverstein">Shel Silverstein</a> novelty song that reached number one on the country charts and number two on the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">top-10</a> pop charts. In 1972 Cash performed at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ster%C3%A5ker_Prison" title="Österåker Prison">Österåker Prison</a> in Sweden. The live album <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A5_%C3%96ster%C3%A5ker" title="På Österåker">På Österåker</a> (At Österåker) was released in 1973. "San Quentin" was recorded with Cash replacing "San Quentin" with "Österåker". In 1976, a concert at <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Prison" title="Tennessee State Prison">Tennessee State Prison</a> was videotaped for TV broadcast. It was posthumously released after Cash's death as a CD entitled <a href="/wiki/A_Concert_Behind_Prison_Walls" title="A Concert Behind Prison Walls">A Concert Behind Prison Walls</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activism_for_Native_Americans">Activism for Native Americans</h3></div> Cash used his stardom and economic status to bring awareness to the issues surrounding the Native American people.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> Cash sang songs about indigenous humanity in an effort to confront the U.S. government. Many non-Native Americans did not address those topics in their music.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> In 1965, Cash and June Carter appeared on <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>'s TV show, Rainbow Quest, on which Cash explained his start as an activist for Native Americans: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In '57, I wrote a song called "Old Apache Squaw" and then forgot the so-called Indian protest for a while, but nobody else seemed to speak up with any volume of voice.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a></blockquote> Columbia Music, the label for which Cash was recording then, was opposed to putting the song on his next album, considering it "too radical for the public".<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> Cash singing songs of Indian tragedy and settler violence went radically against the mainstream of country music in the 1950s, which was dominated by the image of the righteous cowboy who makes the native's soil his own.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> In 1964, coming off the chart success of his previous album <a href="/wiki/I_Walk_the_Line_(1964_album)" title="I Walk the Line (1964 album)">I Walk the Line</a>, he recorded the aforementioned album <a href="/wiki/Bitter_Tears:_Ballads_of_the_American_Indian" title="Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian">Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian</a>. The album featured stories of a multitude of Indigenous peoples, emphasizing their violent oppression by white settlers: the <a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima people</a> ("The Ballad of <a href="/wiki/Ira_Hayes" title="Ira Hayes">Ira Hayes</a>"), <a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a> ("Navajo"), <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> ("Apache Tears"), <a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a> ("Big Foot"), <a href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a> ("As Long as the Grass Shall Grow"), and <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> ("The Talking Leaves"). Cash wrote three of the songs himself and one with the help of <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Horton" title="Johnny Horton">Johnny Horton</a>. The majority of these protest songs were written by folk artist <a href="/wiki/Peter_La_Farge" title="Peter La Farge">Peter La Farge</a> (son of <a href="/wiki/Oliver_La_Farge" title="Oliver La Farge">Oliver La Farge</a>, an activist and Pulitzer prizewinner). Cash met the younger La Farge in New York in the 1960s and admired him for his activism.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> The album's single, "<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Ira_Hayes" title="The Ballad of Ira Hayes">The Ballad of Ira Hayes</a>" was generally not played by commercial radio. (<a href="/wiki/Ira_Hayes" title="Ira Hayes">Ira Hayes</a> was a Native American who was one of the six soldiers featured in a photo raising the U.S. flag at <a href="/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a> during World War II.) The record label denied it promotion due to what it considered a provocative and "unappealing" nature. Cash faced resistance and was urged by an editor of a country music magazine to leave the <a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Association" title="Country Music Association">Country Music Association</a>, who said: "You and your crowd are just too intelligent to associate with plain country folks, country artists, and country DJs."<a href="#cite_note-auto-76">[72]</a> In reaction, on August 22, 1964, Cash posted a letter as an advertisement in <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard Magazine">Billboard</a>, calling the record industry cowardly: "D.J.s – station managers – owners [...] where are your guts? I had to fight back when I realized that so many stations are afraid of Ira Hayes. Just one question: WHY??? Ira Hayes is strong medicine [...] So is Rochester, Harlem, Birmingham and Vietnam."<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> Cash kept promoting the song and persuaded disc jockeys he knew to play it. The song eventually reached number three on the country charts, and the album rose to number two on the album charts.<a href="#cite_note-auto-76">[72]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnnyCashHouse1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/JohnnyCashHouse1969.jpg/220px-JohnnyCashHouse1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="482"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 238px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/JohnnyCashHouse1969.jpg/220px-JohnnyCashHouse1969.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="238" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/JohnnyCashHouse1969.jpg/330px-JohnnyCashHouse1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/JohnnyCashHouse1969.jpg/440px-JohnnyCashHouse1969.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cash in 1969</figcaption></figure> Later, on <a href="/wiki/The_Johnny_Cash_Show" title="The Johnny Cash Show">The Johnny Cash Show</a>, he continued telling stories of Native-American plight, both in song and through short films, such as the history of the <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> In 1966, in response to his activism, Cash was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a> Nation's Turtle Clan.<a href="#cite_note-senecaadopted-80">[76]</a> He performed benefits in 1968 at the Rosebud Reservation, close to the historical landmark of the massacre at <a href="/wiki/Wounded_Knee_Massacre" title="Wounded Knee Massacre">Wounded Knee</a>, to raise money to help build a school. He also played at the <a href="/wiki/D-Q_University" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Q University">D-Q University</a> in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> In 1970, Cash recorded a reading of John G. Burnett's 1890, 80th-birthday essay<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> on <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_removal" title="Cherokee removal">Cherokee removal</a> for the Historical Landmarks Association (Nashville).<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Johnny_Cash_Show">The Johnny Cash Show</h3></div> From June 1969 to March 1971, Cash starred in his own television show, <a href="/wiki/The_Johnny_Cash_Show" title="The Johnny Cash Show">The Johnny Cash Show</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> network.<a href="#cite_note-:0-84">[80]</a> Produced by <a href="/wiki/Screen_Gems" title="Screen Gems">Screen Gems</a>, the show was performed at the <a href="/wiki/Ryman_Auditorium" title="Ryman Auditorium">Ryman Auditorium</a> in Nashville. <a href="/wiki/The_Statler_Brothers" title="The Statler Brothers">The Statler Brothers</a> opened for him in every episode; the Carter Family and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of the regular show entourage. Cash also enjoyed booking mainstream performers as guests; including <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a> in her first TV appearance, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Rogers_and_the_First_Edition" title="Kenny Rogers and the First Edition">Kenny Rogers and the First Edition</a> (who appeared four times), <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Miller" title="Roger Miller">Roger Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_and_the_Dominos" title="Derek and the Dominos">Derek and the Dominos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-84">[80]</a> From September 15–18, 1969, in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, he performed a series of four concerts at the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_Fair" title="New Mexico State Fair">New Mexico State Fair</a> to promote the first season of The Johnny Cash Show.<a href="#cite_note-Johnny_Cash_Infocenter_Albuquerque-85">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-JC_Infocenter_1969-86">[82]</a> These live shows were produced with help from ABC and local concert producer Bennie Sanchez; during these sets, Johnny Cash and <a href="/wiki/Al_Hurricane" title="Al Hurricane">Al Hurricane</a> performed together.<a href="#cite_note-Jojola_2011-87">[83]</a> Also during The Johnny Cash Show era, he contributed the title song and other songs to the film Little Fauss and Big Halsy, which starred <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Pollard" title="Michael J. Pollard">Michael J. Pollard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Hutton" title="Lauren Hutton">Lauren Hutton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> The title song, "The Ballad of Little Fauss and Big Halsy", written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Golden Globe award in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> Cash had first met with Dylan in the mid-1960s and became neighbors in the late 1960s in <a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_New_York" title="Woodstock, New York">Woodstock, New York</a>. Cash was enthusiastic about reintroducing the reclusive Dylan to his audience. Cash sang a duet with Dylan, "<a href="/wiki/Girl_from_the_North_Country" title="Girl from the North Country">Girl from the North Country</a>", on Dylan's country album <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Skyline" title="Nashville Skyline">Nashville Skyline</a> and also wrote the album's <a href="/wiki/Grammy" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy">Grammy</a>-winning <a href="/wiki/Liner_notes" title="Liner notes">liner notes</a>. Another artist who received a major career boost from The Johnny Cash Show was <a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a>, who was beginning to make a name for himself as a singer-songwriter. During a live performance of Kristofferson's "<a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mornin%27_Comin%27_Down" title="Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down">Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down</a>", Cash refused to change the lyrics to suit network executives, singing the song with its references to <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">marijuana</a> intact: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> On a Sunday morning sidewalk I'm wishin', Lord, that I was stoned.<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> </div></blockquote> The closing program of The Johnny Cash Show was a gospel music special. Guests included the <a href="/wiki/The_Blackwood_Brothers" title="The Blackwood Brothers">Blackwood Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahalia_Jackson" title="Mahalia Jackson">Mahalia Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hamblen" title="Stuart Hamblen">Stuart Hamblen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id='The_"Man_in_Black"'>The "Man in Black"</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Richard_Nixon_and_Johnny_Cash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/President_Richard_Nixon_and_Johnny_Cash.jpg/220px-President_Richard_Nixon_and_Johnny_Cash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3876" data-file-height="2584"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/President_Richard_Nixon_and_Johnny_Cash.jpg/220px-President_Richard_Nixon_and_Johnny_Cash.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/President_Richard_Nixon_and_Johnny_Cash.jpg/330px-President_Richard_Nixon_and_Johnny_Cash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/President_Richard_Nixon_and_Johnny_Cash.jpg/440px-President_Richard_Nixon_and_Johnny_Cash.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cash advocated <a href="/wiki/Prison_reform" title="Prison reform">prison reform</a> at his July 1972 meeting with President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></figcaption></figure> By the early 1970s, Cash had established his public image as the "Man in Black". He regularly performed in entirely black suits with a long, black, knee-length coat. This outfit stood in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Rhinestone" title="Rhinestone">rhinestone</a> suits and <a href="/wiki/Cowboy_boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowboy boots">cowboy boots</a> worn by most of the major country acts of his day. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnny-Cash_1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Johnny-Cash_1972.jpg/220px-Johnny-Cash_1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="1230"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Johnny-Cash_1972.jpg/220px-Johnny-Cash_1972.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Johnny-Cash_1972.jpg/330px-Johnny-Cash_1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Johnny-Cash_1972.jpg/440px-Johnny-Cash_1972.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cash performing in <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, West Germany, in September 1972</figcaption></figure> Cash said he wore all black on behalf of the poor and hungry, the "prisoner who has long paid for his crime", and those who have been betrayed by age or drugs.<a href="#cite_note-85-86-92">[88]</a> He added, "With the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> as painful in my mind as it was in most other Americans, I wore it 'in mourning' for the lives that could have been' ... Apart from the Vietnam War being over, I don't see much reason to change my position ... The old are still neglected, the poor are still poor, the young are still dying before their time, and we're not making many moves to make things right. There's still plenty of darkness to carry off."<a href="#cite_note-85-86-92">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_piece_at_a_time.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/One_piece_at_a_time.jpg/220px-One_piece_at_a_time.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1561" data-file-height="1152"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/One_piece_at_a_time.jpg/220px-One_piece_at_a_time.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/One_piece_at_a_time.jpg/330px-One_piece_at_a_time.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/One_piece_at_a_time.jpg/440px-One_piece_at_a_time.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cash in the "one piece at a time" Cadillac</figcaption></figure> Initially, he and his band had worn black shirts because that was the only matching color they had among their various outfits. He wore other colors on stage early in his career, but he claimed to like wearing black both on and off stage. He stated that political reasons aside, he simply liked black as his on-stage color.<a href="#cite_note-Page_64-10">[9]</a> The outdated <a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Uniforms of the United States Navy">US Navy's winter blue uniform</a> used to be referred to by sailors as "Johnny Cashes", as the uniform's shirt, tie, and trousers are solid black.<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> In the mid-1970s, Cash's popularity and number of hit songs began to decline. He made commercials for <a href="/wiki/Amoco" title="Amoco">Amoco</a> and <a href="/wiki/STP_(motor_oil_company)" title="STP (motor oil company)">STP</a>, an unpopular enterprise at the time of the <a href="/wiki/1970s_energy_crisis" title="1970s energy crisis">1970s energy crisis</a>. In 1976, he made commercials for <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Corporation" title="Lionel Corporation">Lionel Trains</a>, for which he also wrote the music.<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> However, his first autobiography, Man in Black, was published in 1975 and sold 1.3 million copies. A second, Cash: The Autobiography, appeared in 1997. Cash's friendship with <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> led to his production of a film about the life of Jesus, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Road:_A_Story_of_Jesus" title="Gospel Road: A Story of Jesus">Gospel Road: A Story of Jesus</a>, which Cash co-wrote and narrated. It was released in 1973. Cash viewed the film as a statement of his personal faith rather than a means of proselytizing.<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a> Cash and June Carter Cash appeared several times on the Billy Graham Crusade TV specials, and Cash continued to include gospel and religious songs on many of his albums, though Columbia declined to release <a href="/wiki/A_Believer_Sings_the_Truth" title="A Believer Sings the Truth">A Believer Sings the Truth</a>, a gospel double-LP Cash recorded in 1979 and which ended up being released on an independent label even with Cash still under contract to Columbia. On November 22, 1974, CBS ran his one-hour TV special entitled Riding The Rails, a musical history of trains. He continued to appear on television, hosting Christmas specials on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Later television appearances included a starring role in an episode of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Columbo_episodes#Season_3" title="List of Columbo episodes">Columbo</a>, entitled "Swan Song". June and he appeared in an episode of <a href="/wiki/Little_House_on_the_Prairie_(TV_series)" title="Little House on the Prairie (TV series)">Little House on the Prairie</a>, entitled "The Collection". He gave a performance as abolitionist <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> in the 1985 <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> television miniseries <a href="/wiki/North_and_South_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="North and South (TV miniseries)">North and South</a>. In the 1990s, Johnny and June appeared in <a href="/wiki/Dr._Quinn,_Medicine_Woman" title="Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman">Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman</a> in recurring roles. He was friendly with every US president, starting with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>. He was closest to <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, with whom he became close friends and who was a distant cousin of his wife, June.<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> When invited to perform at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> for the first time in 1970,<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> Richard Nixon's office requested that he play "<a href="/wiki/Okie_from_Muskogee_(song)" title="Okie from Muskogee (song)">Okie from Muskogee</a>" (a satirical <a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a> song about people who despised hippies, young drug users and Vietnam war protesters), "Welfare Cadillac" (a Guy Drake song which chastises the integrity of welfare recipients), and "A Boy Named Sue". Cash declined to play the first two and instead selected other songs, including "The Ballad of <a href="/wiki/Ira_Hayes" title="Ira Hayes">Ira Hayes</a>" and his own compositions, "<a href="/wiki/What_Is_Truth" title="What Is Truth">What Is Truth</a>" and "Man in Black". Cash wrote that the reasons for denying Nixon's song choices were not knowing them and having fairly short notice to rehearse them, rather than any political reason.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> However, Cash added, even if Nixon's office had given Cash enough time to learn and rehearse the songs, their choice of pieces that conveyed "antihippie and antiblack" sentiments might have backfired.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> In his remarks when introducing Cash, Nixon joked that one thing he had learned about him was one did not tell him what to sing.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> Johnny Cash was the grand marshal of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">United States Bicentennial</a> parade.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> He wore a shirt from <a href="/wiki/Nudie_Cohn" title="Nudie Cohn">Nudie Cohn</a> which sold for $25,000 in auction in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> After the parade he gave a concert at the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highwaymen_and_departure_from_Columbia_Records">Highwaymen and departure from Columbia Records</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Highwaymen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Highwaymen.jpg/220px-Highwaymen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="325"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 234px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Highwaymen.jpg/220px-Highwaymen.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="234" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Highwaymen.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Highwaymen_(country_supergroup)" title="The Highwaymen (country supergroup)">The Highwaymen</a> members <a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a>, Johnny Cash, <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Jennings" title="Waylon Jennings">Waylon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cashs_Tourbus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Cashs_Tourbus.jpg/220px-Cashs_Tourbus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1988" data-file-height="1337"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Cashs_Tourbus.jpg/220px-Cashs_Tourbus.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Cashs_Tourbus.jpg/330px-Cashs_Tourbus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Cashs_Tourbus.jpg/440px-Cashs_Tourbus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cash's tour bus</figcaption></figure> In 1980, Cash became the <a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Music Hall of Fame">Country Music Hall of Fame</a>'s youngest living inductee at age 48, but during the 1980s, his records failed to make a major impact on the country charts, although he continued to tour successfully. In the mid-1980s, he recorded and toured with <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Jennings" title="Waylon Jennings">Waylon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a> as <a href="/wiki/The_Highwaymen_(country_supergroup)" title="The Highwaymen (country supergroup)">the Highwaymen</a>, making three hit albums, which were released beginning with the originally titled Highwayman in 1985, followed by Highwaymen 2 in 1990, and concluding with Highwaymen – The Road Goes On Forever in 1995. During that period, Cash appeared in a number of television films. In 1981, he starred in <a href="/wiki/The_Pride_of_Jesse_Hallam" title="The Pride of Jesse Hallam">The Pride of Jesse Hallam</a>, winning fine reviews for a film that called attention to adult <a href="/wiki/Illiteracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Illiteracy">illiteracy</a>. In 1983, he appeared as a heroic sheriff in <a href="/wiki/Murder_in_Coweta_County_(film)" title="Murder in Coweta County (film)">Murder in Coweta County</a>, based on a real-life <a href="/wiki/Murder_in_Coweta_County" title="Murder in Coweta County">Georgia murder</a> case, which co-starred <a href="/wiki/Andy_Griffith" title="Andy Griffith">Andy Griffith</a> as his nemesis. Cash relapsed into addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious abdominal injury in 1983 caused by an incident in which he was kicked and wounded by an <a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">ostrich</a> on his farm.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> At a hospital visit in 1988, this time to watch over Waylon Jennings (who was recovering from a heart attack), Jennings suggested that Cash have himself checked into the hospital for his own heart condition. Doctors recommended preventive heart surgery, and Cash underwent <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery" title="Coronary artery bypass surgery">double bypass surgery</a> in the same hospital. Both recovered, although Cash refused to use any prescription painkillers, fearing a relapse into dependency. Cash later claimed that during his operation, he had what is called a "<a href="/wiki/Near-death_experience" title="Near-death experience">near-death experience</a>". In 1984, Cash released a self-parody recording titled "<a href="/wiki/The_Chicken_in_Black" title="The Chicken in Black">The Chicken in Black</a>" about Cash's brain being transplanted into a chicken and Cash receiving a bank robber's brain in return. Biographer Robert Hilburn, in his 2013 book Johnny Cash: The Life, disputes the claim made that Cash chose to record an intentionally poor song in protest of Columbia's treatment of him. On the contrary, Hilburn writes, it was Columbia that presented Cash with the song, which Cash – who had previously scored major chart hits with comedic material such as "A Boy Named Sue" and "One Piece at a Time" – accepted enthusiastically, performing the song live on stage and filming a comedic music video in which he dresses up in a superhero-like bank-robber costume. According to Hilburn, Cash's enthusiasm for the song waned after Waylon Jennings told Cash he looked "like a buffoon" in the music video (which was showcased during Cash's 1984 Christmas TV special), and Cash subsequently demanded that Columbia withdraw the music video from broadcast and recall the single from stores—interrupting its bona fide chart success—and termed the venture "a fiasco".<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> Between 1981 and 1984, he recorded several sessions with famed <a href="/wiki/Countrypolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Countrypolitan">countrypolitan</a> producer <a href="/wiki/Billy_Sherrill" title="Billy Sherrill">Billy Sherrill</a> (who also produced "The Chicken in Black"), which were shelved; they would be released by Columbia's sister label, <a href="/wiki/Legacy_Recordings" title="Legacy Recordings">Legacy Recordings</a>, in 2014 as <a href="/wiki/Out_Among_the_Stars" title="Out Among the Stars">Out Among the Stars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ats-107">[103]</a> Around this time, Cash also recorded <a href="/wiki/Believe_in_Him" title="Believe in Him">an album of gospel recordings</a> that ended up being released by another label around the time of his departure from Columbia (this due to Columbia closing down its Priority Records division that was to have released the recordings). After more unsuccessful recordings were released between 1984 and 1985, Cash left Columbia. In 1986, Cash returned to Sun Studios in Memphis to team up with <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins to create the album <a href="/wiki/Class_of_%2755" class="mw-redirect" title="Class of '55">Class of '55</a>; according to Hilburn, Columbia still had Cash under contract at the time, so special arrangements had to be made to allow him to participate.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> Also in 1986, Cash published his only novel, Man in White, a book about <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Saul</a> and his conversion to become the Apostle Paul. He recorded Johnny Cash Reads The Complete <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> in 1990. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Recordings">American Recordings</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnny_Cash_sings_a_duet_with_a_Navy_lieutenant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Johnny_Cash_sings_a_duet_with_a_Navy_lieutenant.jpg/220px-Johnny_Cash_sings_a_duet_with_a_Navy_lieutenant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2874" data-file-height="1836"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Johnny_Cash_sings_a_duet_with_a_Navy_lieutenant.jpg/220px-Johnny_Cash_sings_a_duet_with_a_Navy_lieutenant.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Johnny_Cash_sings_a_duet_with_a_Navy_lieutenant.jpg/330px-Johnny_Cash_sings_a_duet_with_a_Navy_lieutenant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Johnny_Cash_sings_a_duet_with_a_Navy_lieutenant.jpg/440px-Johnny_Cash_sings_a_duet_with_a_Navy_lieutenant.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Johnny Cash sings with a Navy lieutenant during a military event <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> January 1987</figcaption></figure> After Columbia Records dropped Cash from his recording contract, he had a short and unsuccessful stint with <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Records</a> from 1987 to 1991. During this time, he recorded an album of new versions of some of his best-known Sun and Columbia hits, as well as <a href="/wiki/Water_from_the_Wells_of_Home" title="Water from the Wells of Home">Water from the Wells of Home</a>, a duets album that paired him with, among others, his children <a href="/wiki/Rosanne_Cash" title="Rosanne Cash">Rosanne Cash</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Cash" title="John Carter Cash">John Carter Cash</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_Country_Christmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnny Cash Country Christmas">one-off Christmas album</a> recorded for <a href="/wiki/Delta_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta Records">Delta Records</a> followed his Mercury contract. Though Cash would never have another chart hit from 1991 until his death, his career was rejuvenated in the 1990s, leading to popularity with an audience which was not traditionally considered interested in country music. In 1988, British post-punk musicians <a href="/wiki/Marc_Riley" title="Marc Riley">Marc Riley</a> (formerly of <a href="/wiki/The_Fall_(band)" title="The Fall (band)">the Fall</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Langford" title="Jon Langford">Jon Langford</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Mekons" title="The Mekons">the Mekons</a>) put together 'Til Things Are Brighter, a <a href="/wiki/Tribute_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribute album">tribute album</a> featuring mostly British-based indie-rock acts' interpretations of Cash's songs. Cash was enthusiastic about the project, telling Langford that it was a "morale booster"; Rosanne Cash later said "he felt a real connection with those musicians and very validated ... It was very good for him: he was in his element. He absolutely understood what they were tapping into, and loved it". The album attracted press attention on both sides of the Atlantic.<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> In 1991, he sang a version of "Man in Black" for the <a href="/wiki/Christian_punk" title="Christian punk">Christian punk</a> band <a href="/wiki/One_Bad_Pig" title="One Bad Pig">One Bad Pig</a>'s album I Scream Sunday. In 1993, he sang "<a href="/wiki/The_Wanderer_(U2_song)" title="The Wanderer (U2 song)">The Wanderer</a>", the closing track of <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/Zooropa" title="Zooropa">Zooropa</a>. According to Rolling Stone writer Adam Gold, "The Wanderer" – written for Cash by Bono, "defies both the U2 and Cash canons, combining rhythmic and textural elements of Nineties synth-pop with a Countrypolitan lament fit for the closing credits of a Seventies western."<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> No longer sought-after by major labels, he was offered a contract with producer <a href="/wiki/Rick_Rubin" title="Rick Rubin">Rick Rubin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/American_Recordings_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Recordings (US)">American Recordings</a> label, which had recently been rebranded from Def American, under which name it was better known for rap and <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a>. Under Rubin's supervision, he recorded <a href="/wiki/American_Recordings_(album)" title="American Recordings (album)">American Recordings</a> (1994) in his living room, accompanied only by his <a href="/wiki/C._F._Martin_%26_Company" title="C. F. Martin & Company">Martin</a> Dreadnought guitar – one of many Cash played throughout his career.<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> The album featured covers of contemporary artists selected by Rubin. The album had a great deal of critical and commercial success, winning a Grammy for <a href="/wiki/Best_Contemporary_Folk_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Contemporary Folk Album">Best Contemporary Folk Album</a>. Cash wrote that his reception at the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival" title="Glastonbury Festival">Glastonbury Festival</a> was one of the highlights of his career. This was the beginning of a decade of music industry accolades and commercial success. He teamed up with <a href="/wiki/Brooks_%26_Dunn" title="Brooks & Dunn">Brooks & Dunn</a> to contribute "Folsom Prison Blues" to the AIDS benefit album <a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_%2B_Country" title="Red Hot + Country">Red Hot + Country</a> produced by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Organization" title="Red Hot Organization">Red Hot Organization</a>. On the same album, he performed Bob Dylan's "<a href="/wiki/Forever_Young_(Bob_Dylan_song)" title="Forever Young (Bob Dylan song)">Forever Young</a>".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Cash and his wife appeared on a number of episodes of the television series <a href="/wiki/Dr._Quinn,_Medicine_Woman" title="Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman">Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman</a>. He also lent his voice for a <a href="/wiki/Cameo_role" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameo role">cameo role</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/El_Viaje_Misterioso_de_Nuestro_Jomer_(The_Mysterious_Voyage_of_Homer)" title="El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)">El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)</a>", as the "Space Coyote" that guides <a href="/wiki/Homer_Simpson" title="Homer Simpson">Homer Simpson</a> on a spiritual quest. Cash was joined by guitarist <a href="/wiki/Kim_Thayil" title="Kim Thayil">Kim Thayil</a> of <a href="/wiki/Soundgarden" title="Soundgarden">Soundgarden</a>, bassist <a href="/wiki/Krist_Novoselic" title="Krist Novoselic">Krist Novoselic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a>, and drummer <a href="/wiki/Sean_Kinney" title="Sean Kinney">Sean Kinney</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Chains" title="Alice in Chains">Alice in Chains</a> for a cover of <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Red_Headed_Stranger" title="Red Headed Stranger">Time of the Preacher</a>", featured on the tribute album Twisted Willie, released in January 1996.<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> In 1996, Cash collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty_and_the_Heartbreakers" title="Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers">Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers</a> on <a href="/wiki/Unchained_(Johnny_Cash_album)" title="Unchained (Johnny Cash album)">Unchained</a> (also known as American Recordings II), which won the <a href="/wiki/Best_Country_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Country Album">Best Country Album</a> Grammy in 1998. The album was produced by Rick Rubin with <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Massy" title="Sylvia Massy">Sylvia Massy</a> engineering and mixing. A majority of Unchained was recorded at <a href="/wiki/Sound_City_Studios" title="Sound City Studios">Sound City Studios</a> and featured guest appearances by <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Buckingham" title="Lindsey Buckingham">Lindsey Buckingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mick_Fleetwood" title="Mick Fleetwood">Mick Fleetwood</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marty_Stuart" title="Marty Stuart">Marty Stuart</a>. Believing he did not explain enough of himself in his 1975 autobiography Man in Black, he wrote Cash: The Autobiography in 1997. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Later_years_and_death">Later years and death</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush_stand_with_Johnny_Cash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/President_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush_stand_with_Johnny_Cash.jpg/220px-President_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush_stand_with_Johnny_Cash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/President_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush_stand_with_Johnny_Cash.jpg/220px-President_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush_stand_with_Johnny_Cash.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/President_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush_stand_with_Johnny_Cash.jpg/330px-President_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush_stand_with_Johnny_Cash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/President_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush_stand_with_Johnny_Cash.jpg/440px-President_George_W._Bush_and_Laura_Bush_stand_with_Johnny_Cash.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cash with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady</a> <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> in 2002</figcaption></figure> In 1997, during a trip to New York City, Cash was diagnosed with the <a href="/wiki/Neurodegenerative" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurodegenerative">neurodegenerative</a> disease <a href="/wiki/Multiple_system_atrophy" title="Multiple system atrophy">Shy–Drager syndrome</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Multiple_system_atrophy" title="Multiple system atrophy">multiple system atrophy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> According to biographer Robert Hilburn, the disease was originally misdiagnosed as <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>, and Cash even announced to his audience that he had Parkinson's after nearly collapsing on stage in <a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint, Michigan</a>, on October 25, 1997. Soon afterwards, his diagnosis was changed to Shy–Drager, and Cash was told he had about 18 months to live.<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> The diagnosis was later again altered to <a href="/wiki/Dysautonomia" title="Dysautonomia">autonomic neuropathy</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>. The illness forced Cash to curtail his touring. He was hospitalized in 1998 with severe <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, which damaged his lungs. During the last stage of his career, Cash released the albums <a href="/wiki/American_III:_Solitary_Man" title="American III: Solitary Man">American III: Solitary Man</a> (2000) and <a href="/wiki/American_IV:_The_Man_Comes_Around" title="American IV: The Man Comes Around">American IV: The Man Comes Around</a> (2002). American IV included <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">cover songs</a> by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably "<a href="/wiki/Hurt_(Johnny_Cash_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurt (Johnny Cash song)">Hurt</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails" title="Nine Inch Nails">Nine Inch Nails</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Personal_Jesus" title="Personal Jesus">Personal Jesus</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Depeche_Mode" title="Depeche Mode">Depeche Mode</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trent_Reznor" title="Trent Reznor">Trent Reznor</a> of Nine Inch Nails commented that he was initially skeptical about Cash's plan to cover "Hurt", but was later impressed and moved by the rendition.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> The video for "Hurt" received critical and popular acclaim, including a Grammy Award.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> June Carter Cash died on May 15, 2003, aged 73.<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a> June had told Cash to keep working, so he continued to record, completing 60 songs in the last four months of his life. He even performed surprise shows at the <a href="/wiki/Carter_Family_Fold" title="Carter Family Fold">Carter Family Fold</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Virginia" title="Bristol, Virginia">Bristol, Virginia</a>. At the July 5, 2003, concert (his last public performance), before singing "Ring of Fire", Cash read a statement that he had written shortly before taking the stage: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The spirit of June Carter overshadows me tonight with the love she had for me and the love I have for her. We connect somewhere between here and Heaven. She came down for a short visit, I guess, from Heaven to visit with me tonight to give me courage and inspiration like she always has. She's never been one for me except courage and inspiration. I thank God for June Carter. I love her with all my heart.</blockquote> Cash continued to record until shortly before his death. "When June died, it tore him up", Rick Rubin recalled. "He said to me, 'You have to keep me working because I will die if I don't have something to do.' He was in a wheelchair by then and we set him up at his home in Virginia… I couldn't listen to those recordings for two years after he died and it was heartbreaking when he died."<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> Cash's final recordings were made on August 21, 2003, and consisted of "Like the 309", which appeared on <a href="/wiki/American_V:_A_Hundred_Highways" title="American V: A Hundred Highways">American V: A Hundred Highways</a> in 2006, and the final song he completed, "Engine 143", recorded for his son John Carter Cash's planned Carter Family tribute album.<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnny_Cash_grave_Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens_Hendersonville_TN_2013-12-27_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Johnny_Cash_grave_Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens_Hendersonville_TN_2013-12-27_002.jpg/170px-Johnny_Cash_grave_Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens_Hendersonville_TN_2013-12-27_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1365"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Johnny_Cash_grave_Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens_Hendersonville_TN_2013-12-27_002.jpg/170px-Johnny_Cash_grave_Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens_Hendersonville_TN_2013-12-27_002.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Johnny_Cash_grave_Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens_Hendersonville_TN_2013-12-27_002.jpg/255px-Johnny_Cash_grave_Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens_Hendersonville_TN_2013-12-27_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Johnny_Cash_grave_Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens_Hendersonville_TN_2013-12-27_002.jpg/340px-Johnny_Cash_grave_Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens_Hendersonville_TN_2013-12-27_002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cash's grave located at <a href="/wiki/Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens" title="Hendersonville Memory Gardens">Hendersonville Memory Gardens</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hendersonville,_Tennessee" title="Hendersonville, Tennessee">Hendersonville, Tennessee</a></figcaption></figure> While being hospitalized at Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Cash died of complications from <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> at around 2:00 am <a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central Time</a> on September 12, 2003, aged 71—less than four months after his wife. Public funeral services were held at the First <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Church">Baptist Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hendersonville,_Tennessee" title="Hendersonville, Tennessee">Hendersonville, Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> He was buried next to her at <a href="/wiki/Hendersonville_Memory_Gardens" title="Hendersonville Memory Gardens">Hendersonville Memory Gardens</a> near his home in <a href="/wiki/Hendersonville,_Tennessee" title="Hendersonville, Tennessee">Hendersonville, Tennessee</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnnyCashJuneCarterCash1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/JohnnyCashJuneCarterCash1969.jpg/170px-JohnnyCashJuneCarterCash1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="672"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/JohnnyCashJuneCarterCash1969.jpg/170px-JohnnyCashJuneCarterCash1969.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/JohnnyCashJuneCarterCash1969.jpg/255px-JohnnyCashJuneCarterCash1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/JohnnyCashJuneCarterCash1969.jpg/340px-JohnnyCashJuneCarterCash1969.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cash and his second wife, <a href="/wiki/June_Carter_Cash" title="June Carter Cash">June Carter</a>, in 1969</figcaption></figure> On July 18, 1951, while in Air Force <a href="/wiki/Basic_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic training">basic training</a>, Cash met 17-year-old Italian-American <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Cash" title="Vivian Cash">Vivian Liberto</a> at a roller skating rink in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> They dated for three weeks until Cash was deployed to <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> for a three-year tour. During that time, the couple exchanged hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Love_letter" title="Love letter">love letters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200443%E2%80%9344-124">[120]</a> On August 7, 1954, one month after his discharge, they were married at St. Ann's Roman Catholic Church in San Antonio. They had four daughters: <a href="/wiki/Rosanne_Cash" title="Rosanne Cash">Rosanne</a>, Kathy, <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Cash" title="Cindy Cash">Cindy</a>, and Tara. In 1961, Cash moved his family to a hilltop home overlooking <a href="/wiki/Casitas_Springs,_California" title="Casitas Springs, California">Casitas Springs, California</a>. He had previously moved his parents to the area to run a small trailer park called the Johnny Cash Trailer Park. His drinking led to several run-ins with local law enforcement. Liberto later said that she had filed for divorce in 1966 because of Cash's severe drug and alcohol abuse, as well as his constant touring, his repeated acts of <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a> with other women, and his close relationship with singer <a href="/wiki/June_Carter_Cash" title="June Carter Cash">June Carter</a>. Their four daughters were then raised by their mother. Cash met June of the famed <a href="/wiki/Carter_Family" title="Carter Family">Carter Family</a> while on tour, and the two became infatuated with each other. In 1968, thirteen years after they first met backstage at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Ole_Opry" title="Grand Ole Opry">Grand Ole Opry</a>, Cash proposed to June, during a live performance in <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London, Ontario</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> The couple married on March 1, 1968, in <a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Kentucky" title="Franklin, Kentucky">Franklin, Kentucky</a>. They had one child together, <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Cash" title="John Carter Cash">John Carter Cash</a>, born March 3, 1970. He was the only son for both Johnny and June. In addition to having his four daughters and John Carter, Cash also became stepfather to <a href="/wiki/Carlene_Carter" title="Carlene Carter">Carlene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Nix_Adams" title="Rosie Nix Adams">Rosie</a>, June's daughters from her first two marriages, to, respectively, <a href="/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">honky-tonk</a> singer <a href="/wiki/Carl_Smith_(musician)" title="Carl Smith (musician)">Carl Smith</a>, and former police officer, football player, and race-car driver Edwin "Rip" Nix. Cash and Carter continued to work, raise their child, create music, and tour together for 35 years until June's death in May 2003. Throughout their marriage, June attempted to keep Cash off <a href="/wiki/Amphetamines" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphetamines">amphetamines</a>, often taking his drugs and flushing them down the toilet. June remained with him even throughout his multiple admissions for rehabilitation treatment and decades of <a href="/wiki/Drug_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug addiction">drug addiction</a>. After June's death in May 2003, Cash believed that his only reason for living was his music; he died only four months later.<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Religious_beliefs">Religious beliefs</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Cash was raised by his parents in the <a href="/wiki/Christian_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian faith">Christian faith</a>. In 1944, he became a Christian at the Central <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Church">Baptist Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dyess,_Arkansas" title="Dyess, Arkansas">Dyess, Arkansas</a>, affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a>, and began singing publicly there.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> He was baptized shortly after in the Tyronza River.<a href="#cite_note-Man_In_Black-128">[124]</a> A troubled but devout Christian,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClapp2008%5Bhttpsarchiveorgdetailsjohnnycashgreata00clap_xvi%5D-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrbanski2003-130">[126]</a> Cash has been characterized as a "lens through which to view American contradictions and challenges."<a href="#cite_note-132">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClapp2008xviii-133">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2003227-134">[129]</a> On May 9, 1971, he answered the <a href="/wiki/Altar_call" title="Altar call">altar call</a> at Evangel Temple in Nashville, an <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a> congregation pastored by Jimmie R. Snow, with outreach to people in the music world.<a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a> Cash penned a <a href="/wiki/Christian_novel" title="Christian novel">Christian novel</a>, Man in White, in 1986, and in the introduction writes about a reporter, who, interested in Cash's religious beliefs, questioned whether the book is written from a Baptist, Catholic, or Jewish perspective. Cash replied, "I'm a Christian. Don't put me in another box."<a href="#cite_note-Stoudt-136">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-PRX-137">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCNews-139">[134]</a> In the mid-1970s, Cash and his wife, June, completed a course of study in the Bible through Christian International Bible College, culminating in a pilgrimage to Israel in November 1978.<a href="#cite_note-John_Carter_Cash-67">[63]</a>: 66 Around that time, he was ordained as a minister, and officiated at his daughter's wedding.<a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a> He often performed at <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a> Crusades.<a href="#cite_note-141">[136]</a> At a Tallahassee Crusade in 1986, June and Johnny sang his song "One of These Days I'm Gonna Sit Down and Talk to Paul".<a href="#cite_note-142">[137]</a> At a performance in Arkansas in 1989, Johnny Cash spoke to attendees of his commitment to the salvation of drug dealers and alcoholics. He then sang, "Family Bible".<a href="#cite_note-143">[138]</a> He recorded several gospel albums and made a spoken-word recording of the entire <a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">New King James Version</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rivkin-144">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morris-145">[140]</a> Cash declared he was "the biggest sinner of them all", and viewed himself overall as a complicated and contradictory man.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrbanski2003xx%E2%80%93xxi-146">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-Urbanski_black-149">[f]</a> Accordingly,<a href="#cite_note-Urbanski2-151">[g]</a> Cash is said to have "contained multitudes", and has been deemed "the philosopher-prince of American country music."<a href="#cite_note-Huss-152">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Open_Court-153">[146]</a> Cash is credited with having converted actor and singer <a href="/wiki/John_Schneider_(screen_actor)" title="John Schneider (screen actor)">John Schneider</a> to Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-154">[147]</a> Towards the end of his life, he and his wife attended the First <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Church">Baptist Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hendersonville,_Tennessee" title="Hendersonville, Tennessee">Hendersonville, Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[148]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Johnny_Cash_exhibit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Johnny_Cash_exhibit.jpg/250px-Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Johnny_Cash_exhibit.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 333px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Johnny_Cash_exhibit.jpg/250px-Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Johnny_Cash_exhibit.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="333" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Johnny_Cash_exhibit.jpg/375px-Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Johnny_Cash_exhibit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Johnny_Cash_exhibit.jpg/500px-Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Johnny_Cash_exhibit.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The clothes and guitar of Johnny Cash on exhibit in the Artist Gallery of the Musical Instrument Museum of Phoenix</figcaption></figure> Cash nurtured and defended artists such as Bob Dylan<a href="#cite_note-pc10-50">[46]</a> on the fringes of what was acceptable in country music even while serving as the country music establishment's most visible symbol. At an all-star concert which aired in 1999 on <a href="/wiki/TNT_(American_TV_network)" title="TNT (American TV network)">TNT</a>, a diverse group of artists paid him tribute, including Dylan, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Isaak" title="Chris Isaak">Chris Isaak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyclef_Jean" title="Wyclef Jean">Wyclef Jean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a>, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, <a href="/wiki/Dom_DeLuise" title="Dom DeLuise">Dom DeLuise</a>, and U2. Cash himself appeared at the end and performed for the first time in more than a year. Two tribute albums were released shortly before his death; <a href="/wiki/Kindred_Spirits:_A_Tribute_to_the_Songs_of_Johnny_Cash" title="Kindred Spirits: A Tribute to the Songs of Johnny Cash">Kindred Spirits</a> contains works from established artists, while <a href="/wiki/Dressed_in_Black:_A_Tribute_to_Johnny_Cash" title="Dressed in Black: A Tribute to Johnny Cash">Dressed in Black</a> contains works from many lesser-known musicians. In total, he wrote over 1,000 songs and released dozens of albums. A <a href="/wiki/Box_set" title="Box set">box set</a> titled <a href="/wiki/Unearthed_(Johnny_Cash_album)" title="Unearthed (Johnny Cash album)">Unearthed</a> was issued posthumously. It included four CDs of unreleased material recorded with Rubin, as well as a Best of Cash on American retrospective CD. The set also includes a 104-page book that discusses each track and features one of Cash's final interviews.<a href="#cite_note-156">[149]</a> In 1999, Cash received the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a>. In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> ranked Cash number 31 on their "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" list<a href="#cite_note-157">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[151]</a> and No. 21 on their "100 Greatest Singers" list in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-159">[152]</a> In 2012, Rolling Stone ranked Cash's 1968 live album At Folsom Prison and 1994 studio album American Recordings at No. 88<a href="#cite_note-160">[153]</a> and No. 366<a href="#cite_note-161">[154]</a> in its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. In recognition of his lifelong support of <a href="/wiki/SOS_Children%27s_Villages" title="SOS Children's Villages">SOS Children's Villages</a>, his family invited friends and fans to donate to the Johnny Cash Memorial Fund in his memory. He had a personal link with the SOS village in <a href="/wiki/Die%C3%9Fen_am_Ammersee" title="Dießen am Ammersee">Dießen</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Ammersee" title="Ammersee">Ammersee</a> Lake in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, near where he was stationed as a <a href="/wiki/G.I._(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="G.I. (military)">GI</a>, and with the SOS village in Barrett Town, by <a href="/wiki/Montego_Bay" title="Montego Bay">Montego Bay</a>, near his holiday home in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[156]</a> In January 2006, Cash's lakeside home on Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was sold to <a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a> vocalist <a href="/wiki/Barry_Gibb" title="Barry Gibb">Barry Gibb</a> and wife Linda for $2.3 million. On April 10, 2007, during major renovation works carried out for Gibb, a fire broke out at the house, spreading quickly due to a flammable wood preservative that had been used. The building was completely destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-164">[157]</a> One of Cash's final collaborations with producer Rick Rubin, American V: A Hundred Highways, was released posthumously on July 4, 2006. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard Top 200 album chart for the week ending July 22, 2006. On February 23, 2010, three days before what would have been Cash's 78th birthday, the Cash Family, Rick Rubin, and Lost Highway Records released his second posthumous record, titled <a href="/wiki/American_VI:_Ain%27t_No_Grave" title="American VI: Ain't No Grave">American VI: Ain't No Grave</a>. The main street in Hendersonville, Tennessee, Highway 31E, is known as "Johnny Cash Parkway".<a href="#cite_note-165">[158]</a> The Johnny Cash Museum, located in one of Cash's properties in Hendersonville until 2006, dubbed the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Cash" title="House of Cash">House of Cash</a>, was sold based on Cash's will. Prior to this, having been closed for a number of years, the museum had been featured in Cash's music video for "Hurt". The house subsequently burned down during the renovation by the new owner. A new museum, founded by Shannon and Bill Miller, opened April 26, 2013, in downtown Nashville.<a href="#cite_note-166">[159]</a> On November 2–4, 2007, the Johnny Cash Flower Pickin' Festival was held in Starkville, Mississippi, where Cash had been arrested more than 40 years earlier and held overnight at the city jail on May 11, 1965. The incident inspired Cash to write the song "Starkville City Jail". The festival, where he was offered a symbolic posthumous pardon, honored Cash's life and music, and was expected to become an annual event.<a href="#cite_note-167">[160]</a> JC Unit One, Johnny Cash's private tour bus from 1980 until 2003, was put on exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> and Museum in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>, in 2007. The museum offers public tours of the bus on a seasonal basis (it is stored during the winter and not exhibited during those times).<a href="#cite_note-168">[161]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Special_edition" title="Special edition">limited-edition</a> <a href="/wiki/Forever_stamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Forever stamp">Forever stamp</a> honoring Cash went on sale June 5, 2013. The stamp features a promotional picture of Cash taken around the 1963 release of <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire:_The_Best_of_Johnny_Cash" title="Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash">Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[162]</a> On October 14, 2014, the City of Folsom unveiled phase 1 of the Johnny Cash Trail to the public with a dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by Rosanne Cash. Along the trail, eight larger-than-life public art pieces will tell the story of Johnny Cash, his connection to Folsom Prison, and his epic musical career. The Johnny Cash Trail features art selected by a committee that included <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Cash" title="Cindy Cash">Cindy Cash</a>, a 2-acre (0.81 ha) Legacy Park, and over 3 miles (4.8 km) of multi-use class-I bike trail. The artists responsible for the sculptures are Sacramento-based Romo Studios, LLC and the Fine Art Studio of Rotblatt Amrany, from Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-170">[163]</a> In 2015, a new species of black <a href="/wiki/Tarantula" title="Tarantula">tarantula</a> was identified near Folsom Prison and named <a href="/wiki/Aphonopelma_johnnycashi" title="Aphonopelma johnnycashi">Aphonopelma johnnycashi</a> in his honor. In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Sounds" title="Nashville Sounds">Nashville Sounds</a> <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> team added the "Country Legends Race" to its between-innings entertainment. At the middle of the fifth inning, people in oversized foam caricature costumes depicting Cash, as well as <a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reba_McEntire" title="Reba McEntire">Reba McEntire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a>, race around the warning track at <a href="/wiki/First_Horizon_Park" title="First Horizon Park">First Horizon Park</a> from center field to the home plate side of the first base dugout.<a href="#cite_note-171">[164]</a> On February 8, 2018, the album <a href="/wiki/Forever_Words" title="Forever Words">Forever Words</a> was announced, putting music to poems that Cash had written and which were published in book form in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-forever-172">[165]</a> Johnny Cash's boyhood home in Dyess was listed in the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> on May 2, 2018, as "<a href="/wiki/Farm_No._266%E2%80%94Johnny_Cash_Boyhood_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Farm No. 266—Johnny Cash Boyhood Home">Farm No. 266, Johnny Cash Boyhood Home</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Bowden-30">[27]</a> The Arkansas Country Music Awards honored Johnny Cash's legacy with the Lifetime Achievement award on June 3, 2018. The ceremony was held that same date, which was a Monday night at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arkansas_at_Little_Rock" title="University of Arkansas at Little Rock">University of Arkansas at Little Rock</a> in <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock, Arkansas</a>. The nominations took place in early 2018.<a href="#cite_note-173">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[167]</a> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> released a duet with Cash on her song "Redemption Day" for her album <a href="/wiki/Threads_(Sheryl_Crow_album)" title="Threads (Sheryl Crow album)">Threads</a>. Crow, who had originally written and recorded the song in 1996, recorded new vocals and added them to those of Cash, who recorded the song for his <a href="/wiki/American_VI:_Ain%27t_No_Grave" title="American VI: Ain't No Grave">American VI: Ain't No Grave</a> album.<a href="#cite_note-175">[168]</a> In April 2019, it was announced that the state of Arkansas would place a statue of Cash in the <a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall" title="National Statuary Hall">National Statuary Hall</a> in an effort to represent the modern history of Arkansas. The Governor of Arkansas, <a href="/wiki/Asa_Hutchinson" title="Asa Hutchinson">Asa Hutchinson</a>, stated that Cash's contributions to music made him an appropriate figure to tell the story of the state.<a href="#cite_note-176">[169]</a> In April 2024, unfinished and unreleased demos recorded by Cash were announced to be released in a new compilation album, <a href="/wiki/Songwriter_(Johnny_Cash_album)" title="Songwriter (Johnny Cash album)">Songwriter</a>. The album – co-produced by Cash's son, <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Cash" title="John Carter Cash">John Carter Cash</a> – contains eleven songs, recorded in 1993 with guest artists including <a href="/wiki/Vince_Gill" title="Vince Gill">Vince Gill</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Keys" title="The Black Keys">the Black Keys</a>. Songwriter's release date was announced as June 28, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-177">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portrayals">Portrayals</h3></div> Country singer <a href="/wiki/Mark_Collie" title="Mark Collie">Mark Collie</a> portrayed Cash in <a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Miller" title="John Lloyd Miller">John Lloyd Miller</a>'s <a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Miller#Awards" title="John Lloyd Miller">award-winning</a> 1999 short film I Still Miss Someone. In November 2005, <a href="/wiki/Walk_the_Line" title="Walk the Line">Walk the Line</a>, a biographical film about Cash's life, was released in the United States to considerable commercial success and critical acclaim. The film featured <a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> as Johnny (for which he was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon" title="Reese Witherspoon">Reese Witherspoon</a> as June (for which she won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a>). Phoenix and Witherspoon also won the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe">Golden Globe</a> for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy and Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy, respectively. They both performed their own vocals in the film (with their version of "Jackson" being released as a single), and Phoenix learned to play guitar for the role. Phoenix received a Grammy Award for his contributions to the soundtrack. John Carter Cash, the son of Johnny and June, served as an executive producer. On March 12, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire_(musical)" title="Ring of Fire (musical)">Ring of Fire</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">jukebox musical</a> of the Cash oeuvre, debuted on Broadway at the <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Barrymore_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethel Barrymore Theater">Ethel Barrymore Theater</a>, but closed due to harsh reviews and disappointing sales on April 30. <a href="/wiki/Million_Dollar_Quartet_(musical)" title="Million Dollar Quartet (musical)">Million Dollar Quartet</a>, a musical portraying the early Sun recording sessions involving Cash, Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins, debuted on Broadway on April 11, 2010. Actor <a href="/wiki/Lance_Guest" title="Lance Guest">Lance Guest</a> portrayed Cash. The musical was nominated for three awards at the <a href="/wiki/2010_Tony_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Tony Awards">2010 Tony Awards</a> and won one. In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> pop music critic <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hilburn" title="Robert Hilburn">Robert Hilburn</a>, who accompanied Cash in his 1968 Folsom prison tour and interviewed him many times throughout his life, including months before his death, published a voluminous biography titled Johnny Cash: The Life.<a href="#cite_note-Johnny_Cash_biography-178">[171]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For detailed lists of music awards, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_received_by_Johnny_Cash" class="mw-redirect" title="List of awards received by Johnny Cash">List of awards received by Johnny Cash</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:28%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> If there were a hall of fame for creating larger-than-life personae, Cash would no doubt have been elected to it as well. His 1971 song "Man in Black" codified an image that the singer had assumed naturally for more than fifteen years at that point. Part rural preacher, part outlaw Robin Hood, he was a blue-collar prophet who, dressed in stark contrast to the glinting rhinestones and shimmering psychedelia of the time, spoke truth to power. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Johnny Cash: Remembering the Incomparable Legend of Country, Rock and Roll, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RS_Cash-179">[172]</a></cite> </div> Cash received multiple <a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Association_Awards" title="Country Music Association Awards">Country Music Association Awards</a>, Grammys, and other awards, in categories ranging from vocal and spoken performances to album notes and videos. In a career that spanned almost five decades, Cash was the personification of country music to many people around the world. Cash was a musician who was not defined by a single genre. He recorded songs that could be considered <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a>, and exerted an influence on each of those genres. His diversity was evidenced by his presence in five major music halls of fame: the <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame">Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame</a> (1977), the <a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Music Hall of Fame">Country Music Hall of Fame</a> (1980), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1992), GMA's <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Gospel Music Hall of Fame">Gospel Music Hall of Fame</a> (2010). and the <a href="/wiki/Memphis_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Memphis Music Hall of Fame">Memphis Music Hall of Fame</a> (2013).<a href="#cite_note-180">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[174]</a> Marking his death in 2003, Rolling Stone stated other than <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> Cash was the only artist inducted as a performer into both the Country Music Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-RS_Cash-179">[172]</a> His contributions to the genre have been recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rockabilly Hall of Fame">Rockabilly Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[175]</a> Cash received the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a> in 1996 and stated that his induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1980 was his greatest professional achievement. In 2001, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[176]</a> "Hurt" was nominated for six VMAs at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. The only VMA the video won was that for Best Cinematography. With the video, Johnny Cash became the oldest artist ever nominated for an MTV Video Music Award.<a href="#cite_note-184">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a>, who won Best Video that year for "<a href="/wiki/Cry_Me_a_River_(Justin_Timberlake_song)" title="Cry Me a River (Justin Timberlake song)">Cry Me a River</a>", said in his acceptance speech: "This is a travesty! I demand a recount. My grandfather raised me on Johnny Cash, and I think he deserves this more than any of us in here tonight."<a href="#cite_note-185">[178]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_albums_discography" title="Johnny Cash albums discography">Johnny Cash albums discography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_singles_discography" title="Johnny Cash singles discography">Johnny Cash singles discography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_Sun_Records_discography" title="Johnny Cash Sun Records discography">Johnny Cash Sun Records discography</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Johnny_Cash" title="List of songs recorded by Johnny Cash">List of songs recorded by Johnny Cash</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_with_His_Hot_and_Blue_Guitar!" title="Johnny Cash with His Hot and Blue Guitar!">Johnny Cash with His Hot and Blue Guitar!</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fabulous_Johnny_Cash" title="The Fabulous Johnny Cash">The Fabulous Johnny Cash</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymns_by_Johnny_Cash" title="Hymns by Johnny Cash">Hymns by Johnny Cash</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Our_Soil" title="Songs of Our Soil">Songs of Our Soil</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now,_There_Was_a_Song!" title="Now, There Was a Song!">Now, There Was a Song!</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_This_Train" title="Ride This Train">Ride This Train</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymns_from_the_Heart" title="Hymns from the Heart">Hymns from the Heart</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Johnny_Cash" title="The Sound of Johnny Cash">The Sound of Johnny Cash</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood,_Sweat_and_Tears_(album)" title="Blood, Sweat and Tears (album)">Blood, Sweat and Tears</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Christmas_Spirit" title="The Christmas Spirit">The Christmas Spirit</a> (1963)</li> <li>Keep on the Sunny Side (with the <a href="/wiki/The_Carter_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="The Carter Family">Carter Family</a>) (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Walk_the_Line_(1964_album)" title="I Walk the Line (1964 album)">I Walk the Line</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Tears:_Ballads_of_the_American_Indian" title="Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian">Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Blossom_Special_(album)" title="Orange Blossom Special (album)">Orange Blossom Special</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sings_the_Ballads_of_the_True_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Sings the Ballads of the True West">Johnny Cash Sings the Ballads of the True West</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everybody_Loves_a_Nut" title="Everybody Loves a Nut">Everybody Loves a Nut</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness_Is_You" title="Happiness Is You">Happiness Is You</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carryin%27_On_with_Johnny_Cash_and_June_Carter" class="mw-redirect" title="Carryin' On with Johnny Cash and June Carter">Carryin' On with Johnny Cash & June Carter</a> (with <a href="/wiki/June_Carter_Cash" title="June Carter Cash">June Carter</a>) (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Sea_to_Shining_Sea" title="From Sea to Shining Sea">From Sea to Shining Sea</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Land_(album)" title="The Holy Land (album)">The Holy Land</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello,_I%27m_Johnny_Cash" title="Hello, I'm Johnny Cash">Hello, I'm Johnny Cash</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_in_Black_(album)" title="Man in Black (album)">Man in Black</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Thing_Called_Love" title="A Thing Called Love">A Thing Called Love</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America:_A_200-Year_Salute_in_Story_and_Song" title="America: A 200-Year Salute in Story and Song">America: A 200-Year Salute in Story and Song</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Johnny_Cash_Family_Christmas" title="The Johnny Cash Family Christmas">The Johnny Cash Family Christmas</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Any_Old_Wind_That_Blows" title="Any Old Wind That Blows">Any Old Wind That Blows</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_and_His_Woman" title="Johnny Cash and His Woman">Johnny Cash and His Woman</a> (with June Carter Cash) (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragged_Old_Flag" title="Ragged Old Flag">Ragged Old Flag</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Junkie_and_the_Juicehead_Minus_Me" title="The Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me">The Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Johnny_Cash_Children%27s_Album" title="The Johnny Cash Children's Album">The Johnny Cash Children's Album</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sings_Precious_Memories" class="mw-redirect" title="Sings Precious Memories">Johnny Cash Sings Precious Memories</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Cash_(album)" title="John R. Cash (album)">John R. Cash</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_at_Them_Beans" title="Look at Them Beans">Look at Them Beans</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Piece_at_a_Time_(album)" title="One Piece at a Time (album)">One Piece at a Time</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Gunfighter_Ballad" title="The Last Gunfighter Ballad">The Last Gunfighter Ballad</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rambler_(album)" title="The Rambler (album)">The Rambler</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Would_Like_to_See_You_Again" title="I Would Like to See You Again">I Would Like to See You Again</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gone_Girl_(album)" title="Gone Girl (album)">Gone Girl</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_(Johnny_Cash_album)" title="Silver (Johnny Cash album)">Silver</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Believer_Sings_the_Truth" title="A Believer Sings the Truth">A Believer Sings the Truth</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_Sings_with_the_BC_Goodpasture_Christian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnny Cash Sings with the BC Goodpasture Christian School">Johnny Cash Sings with the BC Goodpasture Christian School</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly_Blues" title="Rockabilly Blues">Rockabilly Blues</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Christmas_(Johnny_Cash_album)" title="Classic Christmas (Johnny Cash album)">Classic Christmas</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Baron_(album)" title="The Baron (album)">The Baron</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Johnny_Cash" title="The Adventures of Johnny Cash">The Adventures of Johnny Cash</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_99" title="Johnny 99">Johnny 99</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highwayman_(The_Highwaymen_album)" title="Highwayman (The Highwaymen album)">Highwayman</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Jennings" title="Waylon Jennings">Waylon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a>) (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_(Johnny_Cash_album)" title="Rainbow (Johnny Cash album)">Rainbow</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroes_(Johnny_Cash_and_Waylon_Jennings_album)" title="Heroes (Johnny Cash and Waylon Jennings album)">Heroes</a> (with Waylon Jennings) (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_of_%2755" class="mw-redirect" title="Class of '55">Class of '55</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a> & <a href="/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a>) (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believe_in_Him" title="Believe in Him">Believe in Him</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash_Is_Coming_to_Town" title="Johnny Cash Is Coming to Town">Johnny Cash Is Coming to Town</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Cash:_Hall_of_Fame_Series" title="Classic Cash: Hall of Fame Series">Classic Cash: Hall of Fame Series</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_from_the_Wells_of_Home" title="Water from the Wells of Home">Water from the Wells of Home</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_Chicka_Boom" title="Boom Chicka Boom">Boom Chicka Boom</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highwayman_2" title="Highwayman 2">Highwayman 2</a> (with Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson & Kris Kristofferson) (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Life" title="The Mystery of Life">The Mystery of Life</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Christmas_(Johnny_Cash_album)" title="Country Christmas (Johnny Cash album)">Country Christmas</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recordings_(album)" title="American Recordings (album)">American Recordings</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_On_Forever_(The_Highwaymen_album)" title="The Road Goes On Forever (The Highwaymen album)">The Road Goes on Forever</a> (with Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson & Kris Kristofferson) (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchained_(Johnny_Cash_album)" title="Unchained (Johnny Cash album)">American II: Unchained</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_III:_Solitary_Man" title="American III: Solitary Man">American III: Solitary Man</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_IV:_The_Man_Comes_Around" title="American IV: The Man Comes Around">American IV: The Man Comes Around</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Mother%27s_Hymn_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="My Mother's Hymn Book">My Mother's Hymn Book</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_V:_A_Hundred_Highways" title="American V: A Hundred Highways">American V: A Hundred Highways</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_VI:_Ain%27t_No_Grave" title="American VI: Ain't No Grave">American VI: Ain't No Grave</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_Among_the_Stars" title="Out Among the Stars">Out Among the Stars</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter_(Johnny_Cash_album)" title="Songwriter (Johnny Cash album)">Songwriter</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3></div> <table class="wikitable plainrwheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Five_Minutes_to_Live" title="Five Minutes to Live">Five Minutes to Live</a> </td> <td>Johnny Cabot </td> <td>Also titled Door-To-Door Maniac </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Nashville" title="The Road to Nashville">The Road to Nashville</a> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Gunfight" title="A Gunfight">A Gunfight</a> </td> <td>Abe Cross </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Road:_A_Story_of_Jesus" title="Gospel Road: A Story of Jesus">Gospel Road: A Story of Jesus</a> </td> <td>Narrator/Himself </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td>Kairei </td> <td>Uncle John </td> <td>Japanese film<a href="#cite_note-186">[179]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td>Gene Autry, Melody of the West </td> <td>Narrator </td> <td>Documentary film; voice acting role </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Hunted_(2003_film)" title="The Hunted (2003 film)">The Hunted</a> </td> <td>Narrator </td> <td>Voice acting role </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>The Winding Stream </td> <td>Interview subject </td> <td>Documentary film; archive footage </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3></div> <table class="wikitable plainrwheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_Slade" title="Shotgun Slade">Shotgun Slade</a> </td> <td>Sheriff </td> <td>Episode: "The Stalkers" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wagon_Train" title="Wagon Train">Wagon Train</a> </td> <td>Frank Hoag </td> <td>Episode: "The C.L. Harding Story </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Rebel_(American_TV_series)" title="The Rebel (American TV series)">The Rebel</a> </td> <td>Pratt </td> <td>Episode: "The Death of Gray" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Deputy_(TV_series)" title="The Deputy (TV series)">The Deputy</a> </td> <td>Bo Braddock </td> <td>Episode: "The Deathly Quiet" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969–1971 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Johnny_Cash_Show_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Johnny Cash Show (TV series)">The Johnny Cash Show</a> </td> <td>Himself – host and performer </td> <td>58 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NET_Playhouse" title="NET Playhouse">NET Playhouse</a> </td> <td>John Ross </td> <td>Episode: "Trail of Tears" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Partridge_Family" title="The Partridge Family">The Partridge Family</a> </td> <td>Variety Show Host </td> <td>Episode: "What? Get Out of Show Business?" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973–1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>4 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974–1988 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hee_Haw" title="Hee Haw">Hee Haw</a> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>4 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbo" title="Columbo">Columbo</a> </td> <td>Tommy Brown </td> <td>Episode: <a href="/wiki/Columbo_(season_3)#ep24" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbo (season 3)">"Swan Song"</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td>Johnny Cash Ridin' the Rails—The Great American Train Story </td> <td>Himself </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976 </td> <td>Johnny Cash and Friends </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>4 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Little_House_on_the_Prairie_(TV_series)" title="Little House on the Prairie (TV series)">Little House on the Prairie</a> </td> <td>Caleb Hodgekiss </td> <td>Episode: "The Collection" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976–1985 </td> <td>Johnny Cash specials (various titles) </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>15 specials </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td>Thaddeus Rose and Eddie </td> <td>Thaddeus Rose </td> <td>Television film </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Wild_and_Crazy_Guy" title="A Wild and Crazy Guy">Steve Martin: A Wild and Crazy Guy</a> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Television special<a href="#cite_note-187">[180]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Muppet_Show" title="The Muppet Show">The Muppet Show</a> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Episode: "#5.21" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Pride_of_Jesse_Hallam" title="The Pride of Jesse Hallam">The Pride of Jesse Hallam</a> </td> <td>Jesse Hallam </td> <td>Television film </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Episode: <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_(season_7)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Night Live (season 7)">"Johnny Cash/Elton John"</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murder_in_Coweta_County_(film)" title="Murder in Coweta County (film)">Murder in Coweta County</a> </td> <td>Lamarr Potts </td> <td>Television film; also producer </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Baron_and_the_Kid" title="The Baron and the Kid">The Baron and the Kid</a> </td> <td>The Baron Will </td> <td>Television film </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_and_South_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="North and South (TV miniseries)">North and South</a> </td> <td>John Brown </td> <td>6 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Days_of_Frank_and_Jesse_James" title="The Last Days of Frank and Jesse James">The Last Days of Frank and Jesse James</a> </td> <td>Frank James </td> <td>Television film </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_(1986_film)" title="Stagecoach (1986 film)">Stagecoach</a> </td> <td>Curly Wilcox </td> <td>Television film </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_anthology_television_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Walt Disney anthology television series">The Magical World of Disney</a> </td> <td>Elder <a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett" title="Davy Crockett">Davy Crockett</a> </td> <td>Episode: "Rainbow in the Thunder" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993–1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dr._Quinn,_Medicine_Woman" title="Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman">Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman</a> </td> <td>Kid Cole </td> <td>4 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Renegade_(TV_series)" title="Renegade (TV series)">Renegade</a> </td> <td>Henry Travis </td> <td>Episode: "The Road Not Taken" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> </td> <td>Space Coyote </td> <td>Episode: "<a href="/wiki/El_Viaje_Misterioso_de_Nuestro_Jomer_(The_Mysterious_Voyage_of_Homer)" title="El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)">El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)</a>"; voice acting role </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>All My Friends Are Cowboys </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Television special </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td> Johnny Cash: The Man, His World, His Music </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Television film; BBC Bio Documentary by Robert Elfstrom;<a href="#cite_note-188">[181]</a> archive footage </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li>Man in Black: His Own Story in His Own Words, <a href="/wiki/Zondervan" title="Zondervan">Zondervan</a>, 1975; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99924-31-58-X" title="Special:BookSources/99924-31-58-X">99924-31-58-X</a></li> <li>Man in White, a novel about the Apostle Paul, <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, 1986; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-250132-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-250132-1">0-06-250132-1</a></li> <li>Cash: The Autobiography, with Patrick Carr, HarperCollins, 1997; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-101357-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-101357-7">978-0-06-101357-7</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[182]</a></li> <li>Johnny Cash Reads the New Testament, Thomas Nelson, 2011; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4185-4883-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4185-4883-4">978-1-4185-4883-4</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[183]</a></li> <li>Recollections by Johnny Cash, edited by daughter Tara, 2014; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-930677-03-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-930677-03-9">978-0-930677-03-9</a></li> <li>The Man Who Carried Cash: Saul Holiff, Johnny Cash, and the Making of an American Icon by Julie Chadwick, Dundurn Press, 2017; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-459737-23-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-459737-23-5">978-1-459737-23-5</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCashMark_StielperJohn_Carter_Cash2023" class="citation book cs1">Cash, Johnny; Mark Stielper; John Carter Cash (November 14, 2023). Johnny Cash: The Life in Lyrics. New York: Voracious; Little, Brown and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780316503105" title="Special:BookSources/9780316503105"><bdi>9780316503105</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1407575187">1407575187</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johnny+Cash%3A+The+Life+in+Lyrics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Voracious%3B+Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2023-11-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1407575187&rft.isbn=9780316503105&rft.aulast=Cash&rft.aufirst=Johnny&rft.au=Mark+Stielper&rft.au=John+Carter+Cash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Although Cash's <a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">voice type</a> endured over the years, his <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a> changed noticeably. Pareles writes: "Through a recording career that stretches back to 1955, Cash's bass-baritone voice has gone from gravelly to grave."<a href="#cite_note-Parales-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> For Cash, black stage attire was a "symbol of rebellion—against a stagnant status quo, against ... hypocritical houses of God, against people whose minds are closed to others' ideas".<a href="#cite_note-Page_64-10">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Schultz refers to this phrase as Cash's "trademark greeting", and places his utterance of this line, on Cash's <a href="/wiki/At_Folsom_Prison" title="At Folsom Prison">At Folsom Prison</a> album, "among the most electrifying [seconds] in the history of concert recording."<a href="#cite_note-Schultz-12">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> When <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a> signed Presley, it had also bought his Sun Records masters, but when Cash departed for Columbia, Phillips retained the rights to the singer's Sun masters. Columbia eventually licensed some of these recordings for release on compilations after Cash's death. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Other appraisals of Cash's iconic value have been even bolder.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClapp2008xvi-131">[127]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Urbanski_black-149"><a href="#cite_ref-Urbanski_black_149-0">^</a> Urbanski<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrbanski200339-147">[142]</a> notes that Cash's habit of performing in black attire began in a church. In the following paragraph, he<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrbanski200339%E2%80%9340-148">[143]</a> quotes Cash<a href="#cite_note-Page_64-10">[9]</a> as indicating that this habit was partially reflective of Cash's rebellion "against our hypocritical houses of God. </li> <li id="cite_note-Urbanski2-151"><a href="#cite_ref-Urbanski2_151-0">^</a> According to Urbanski, Cash's self-perception was accurate: "He never intended to be categorized or pigeonholed", and indeed he amassed a "cluster of enigmas" which "was so impenetrably deep that even those closest to him never got to see every part of him".<a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto2-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_1-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/johnny-cash-mn0000816890">"Johnny Cash | Biography, Albums, Streaming Links"</a>. 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"African American Ancestry". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/video/country-roots/">Season 7, Episode 6: Country Roots</a> (TV show). <a href="/wiki/Finding_Your_Roots" title="Finding Your Roots">Finding Your Roots</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. 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ArkansasOnline. <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Democrat-Gazette" title="Arkansas Democrat-Gazette">Arkansas Democrat-Gazette</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180505231153/http://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/may/05/national-register-accepts-cash-boyhood-/">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2018. 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Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85763-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85763-3"><bdi>978-0-684-85763-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Will+You+Miss+Me+When+I%27m+Gone%3A+The+Carter+Family+and+Their+Legacy+in+American+Music&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-684-85763-3&rft.aulast=Zwonitzer&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwillyoumissmewhe0000zwon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grant_page_92-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Grant_page_92_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2005" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Marshall (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iwastherewhenith00mars/page/92">I Was There When It Happened – My Life With Johnny Cash</a>. 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Cumberland House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58182-510-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58182-510-7"><bdi>978-1-58182-510-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Was+There+When+It+Happened+%E2%80%93+My+Life+With+Johnny+Cash&rft.pub=Cumberland+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58182-510-7&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiwastherewhenith00mars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Carter_Cash-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-John_Carter_Cash_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Carter_Cash_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCash2007" class="citation book cs1">Cash, John Carter (2007). Anchored in Love. Thomas Nelson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8499-0187-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8499-0187-4"><bdi>978-0-8499-0187-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anchored+in+Love&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8499-0187-4&rft.aulast=Cash&rft.aufirst=John+Carter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cash1958-68"><a href="#cite_ref-cash1958_68-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/inmate-merle-haggard-hears-johnny-cash-play-san-quentin-state-prison">"Inmate Merle Haggard hears Johnny Cash play San Quentin State Prison"</a>, history.com; accessed June 24, 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Edwards, Leigh H. "Cash, Johnny." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2009" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Leigh (2009). Johnny Cash and the paradox of American Identity. Bloomington : Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35292-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35292-7"><bdi>978-0-253-35292-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johnny+Cash+and+the+paradox+of+American+Identity&rft.pub=Bloomington+%3A+Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35292-7&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTahmahkera2011" class="citation journal cs1">Tahmahkera, Dustin (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/450008/pdf">""An Indian in a White Man's Camp": Johnny Cash's Indian Country Music"</a>. American Quarterly. 63 (3): 591–617. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Faq.2011.0039">10.1353/aq.2011.0039</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0678">0003-0678</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143509936">143509936</a>. Retrieved June 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Quarterly&rft.atitle=%22An+Indian+in+a+White+Man%27s+Camp%22%3A+Johnny+Cash%27s+Indian+Country+Music&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=591-617&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143509936%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0003-0678&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Faq.2011.0039&rft.aulast=Tahmahkera&rft.aufirst=Dustin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F450008%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCash1966" class="citation episode cs1">Cash, Johnny (1966). "Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash". <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Quest" title="Rainbow Quest">Rainbow Quest</a>. Season 1. Episode 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rainbow+Quest&rft.series=Season+1.+Episode+39&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Cash&rft.aufirst=Johnny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Cash, J., & Carr, P. (1997). Cash: The autobiography (p. 408). San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Tahmahkera, D. (2011). Volume 63. In American Quarterly (p. 597). Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQq0dw7rmtc">"Johnny Cash and June Carter (Television series episode). In Rainbow Quest. Pete Seeger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 1965.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johnny+Cash+and+June+Carter+%28Television+series+episode%29.+In+Rainbow+Quest.+Pete+Seeger&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DFQq0dw7rmtc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead YouTube link</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2009/11/09/johnny_cash_2/">"The bitter tears of Johnny Cash"</a>. Salon.com. November 9, 2009. Retrieved February 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=The+bitter+tears+of+Johnny+Cash&rft.date=2009-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2009%2F11%2F09%2Fjohnny_cash_2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Tahmahkera, D. (2011). Volume 63. In American Quarterly (pp. 598–599). Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Advertisement". <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>. August 22, 1964. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Advertisement&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1964-08-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yz7xYzEEZo&list=LLwSdCgA8WpUDjjX6Il2AhXA&index=3">"[Television series episode]. In The Johnny Cash Show. Johnny Cash"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 1970. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/-yz7xYzEEZo">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BTelevision+series+episode%5D.+In+The+Johnny+Cash+Show.+Johnny+Cash&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-yz7xYzEEZo%26list%3DLLwSdCgA8WpUDjjX6Il2AhXA%26index%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-senecaadopted-80"><a href="#cite_ref-senecaadopted_80-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/s960x960/84588691_2675377689224578_3648699607011033088_o.jpg?_nc_cat=107&_nc_ohc=TLq_Vb72ulYAX_Aud0G&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&oh=349f5d9cc6e83e4ae11978728a19d504&oe=5ED2CBF5">Singer Johnny Cash adopted by Senecas</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]. Unidentified Western New York newspaper (June 25, 1966). "Cash is one-quarter Cherokee: his paternal grandmother was a full-blood Cherokee." </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Tahmahkera, D. (2011). Volume 63. In American Quarterly (p. 592). Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnett1890" class="citation web cs1">Burnett, John G. (December 11, 1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creoliste.fr/docs/essays/Trail_of_Tears.html">"Birthday Story of Private John G. Burnett, Captain Abraham McClellan's Company, 2nd Regiment, 2nd Brigade, Mounted Infantry, Cherokee Indian Removal, 1838–39"</a>. Creoliste. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creoliste&rft.atitle=Birthday+Story+of+Private+John+G.+Burnett%2C+Captain+Abraham+McClellan%27s+Company%2C+2nd+Regiment%2C+2nd+Brigade%2C+Mounted+Infantry%2C+Cherokee+Indian+Removal%2C+1838%E2%80%9339.&rft.date=1890-12-11&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.creoliste.fr%2Fdocs%2Fessays%2FTrail_of_Tears.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105033112/http://thebluegrassspecial.com/archive/2010/august10/videosaugust10.php">"Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian"</a>. The Bluegrass Special. August 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebluegrassspecial.com/archive/2010/august10/videosaugust10.php">the original</a> on November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bluegrass+Special&rft.atitle=Bitter+Tears%3A+Ballads+of+the+American+Indian&rft.date=2010-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebluegrassspecial.com%2Farchive%2F2010%2Faugust10%2Fvideosaugust10.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/08/10/johnny-cashs-excellent-music-variety-tv-show-ran-58-episodes-but-was-canceled-in-a-rural-purge/">"Johnny Cash's excellent music variety TV show ran 58 episodes but was canceled in a "rural purge""</a>. The Vintage News. August 10, 2017. Retrieved November 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Vintage+News&rft.atitle=Johnny+Cash%27s+excellent+music+variety+TV+show+ran+58+episodes+but+was+canceled+in+a+%22rural+purge%22&rft.date=2017-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thevintagenews.com%2F2017%2F08%2F10%2Fjohnny-cashs-excellent-music-variety-tv-show-ran-58-episodes-but-was-canceled-in-a-rural-purge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnny_Cash_Infocenter_Albuquerque-85"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnny_Cash_Infocenter_Albuquerque_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224145334/http://www.johnny-cash-infocenter.com/cashliverecordings/concerts.php?search=Albuquerque&col=date&sort=ASC&filter1=&filter2=&submit=+Search+&x=">"Johnny Cash Live Performances"</a>. Johnny Cash Infocenter. September 11, 1956. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnny-cash-infocenter.com/cashliverecordings/concerts.php?search=Albuquerque&col=date&sort=ASC&filter1=&filter2=&submit=+Search+&x=">the original</a> on February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johnny+Cash+Infocenter&rft.atitle=Johnny+Cash+Live+Performances&rft.date=1956-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnny-cash-infocenter.com%2Fcashliverecordings%2Fconcerts.php%3Fsearch%3DAlbuquerque%26col%3Ddate%26sort%3DASC%26filter1%3D%26filter2%3D%26submit%3D%2BSearch%2B%26x%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JC_Infocenter_1969-86"><a href="#cite_ref-JC_Infocenter_1969_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225042925/http://www.johnny-cash-infocenter.com/cashliverecordings/details.php?show=1969-09-15">"Details"</a>. Johnny Cash Infocenter. September 15, 1969. 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Retrieved September 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jmottoson.com&rft.atitle=Otokichi+Movie+%E2%80%93+Kairei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jmottoson.com%2FKairei.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/2012/09/18/steve-martin-television-stuff-dvd/">"'Steve Martin: The Television Stuff' on DVD"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=%27Steve+Martin%3A+The+Television+Stuff%27+on+DVD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F2012%2F09%2F18%2Fsteve-martin-television-stuff-dvd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0295qy9">"BBC Four – Johnny Cash: The Man, His World, His Music"</a>. BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=BBC+Four+%E2%80%93+Johnny+Cash%3A+The+Man%2C+His+World%2C+His+Music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp0295qy9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialbookshelves.com/johnny-cash-cash-the-autobiography-of-johnny-cash-review/">"Johnny Cash – Cash: The Autobiography of Johnny Cash Review"</a>. SocialBookshelves.com. July 11, 2014. Retrieved July 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SocialBookshelves.com&rft.atitle=Johnny+Cash+%E2%80%93+Cash%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Johnny+Cash+Review&rft.date=2014-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialbookshelves.com%2Fjohnny-cash-cash-the-autobiography-of-johnny-cash-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/johnny-cash-reads-the-new-testament-johnny-cash/1102087995">"Johnny Cash Reads the New Testament"</a>. barnesandnoble.com. Retrieved November 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=barnesandnoble.com&rft.atitle=Johnny+Cash+Reads+the+New+Testament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barnesandnoble.com%2Fw%2Fjohnny-cash-reads-the-new-testament-johnny-cash%2F1102087995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClapp2008" class="citation cs2">Clapp, R (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0qIWgaPi9E8C">Johnny Cash and the Great American Contradiction: Christianity and the Battle for the Soul of a Nation</a>, Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-23657-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-23657-1"><bdi>978-0-664-23657-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johnny+Cash+and+the+Great+American+Contradiction%3A+Christianity+and+the+Battle+for+the+Soul+of+a+Nation&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-664-23657-1&rft.aulast=Clapp&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0qIWgaPi9E8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2004" class="citation book cs1">Gross, Terry (2004). All I Did Was Ask: Conversations with Writers, Actors, Musicians, and Artists (hardcover ed.). Hachette.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+I+Did+Was+Ask%3A+Conversations+with+Writers%2C+Actors%2C+Musicians%2C+and+Artists&rft.edition=hardcover&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Terry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2003" class="citation cs2">Miller, Stephen (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NZDEbEHKMPsC&pg=PP1">Johnny Cash: The Life of an American Icon</a>, Omnibus, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9626-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9626-7"><bdi>978-0-7119-9626-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johnny+Cash%3A+The+Life+of+an+American+Icon&rft.pub=Omnibus&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-9626-7&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNZDEbEHKMPsC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreissguth2004" class="citation book cs1">Streissguth, Michael (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnnycashatfols00stre">Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison: The Making of a Masterpiece</a> (hardcover ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81338-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81338-2"><bdi>978-0-306-81338-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johnny+Cash+at+Folsom+Prison%3A+The+Making+of+a+Masterpiece&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=hardcover&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81338-2&rft.aulast=Streissguth&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohnnycashatfols00stre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreissguth2005" class="citation book cs1">Streissguth, Michael (2005) [2004]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lWuQVTvoPn8C&pg=PP1">Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison: The Making of a Masterpiece</a> (paprback ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81453-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81453-2"><bdi>978-0-306-81453-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johnny+Cash+at+Folsom+Prison%3A+The+Making+of+a+Masterpiece&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=paprback&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81453-2&rft.aulast=Streissguth&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlWuQVTvoPn8C%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2004" class="citation cs2">Turner, Stephen (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6qaANnvGwGkC&pg=PA1">The Man Called Cash: The Life, Love, and Faith of an American Legend</a>, Nashville, TN: W Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8499-1820-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8499-1820-9"><bdi>978-0-8499-1820-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+Called+Cash%3A+The+Life%2C+Love%2C+and+Faith+of+an+American+Legend&rft.place=Nashville%2C+TN&rft.pub=W+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8499-1820-9&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6qaANnvGwGkC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrbanski2003" class="citation cs2">Urbanski, David (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x_dK-0HfHUYC&pg=PP1">The Man Comes Around: The Spiritual Journey of Johnny Cash</a>, New York, NY: Relevant Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9729276-7-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9729276-7-3"><bdi>978-0-9729276-7-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+Comes+Around%3A+The+Spiritual+Journey+of+Johnny+Cash&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Relevant+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-9729276-7-3&rft.aulast=Urbanski&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx_dK-0HfHUYC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988">.</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li>Antonio D'Ambrosio, A Heartbeat and a Guitar: Johnny Cash and the Making of Bitter Tears, New York/New York, Perseus Books/Nation Books, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56858-637-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56858-637-3">978-1-56858-637-3</a> (pb)</li> <li>Robert Hilburn, Johnny Cash: The Life, Back Bay Books, New York: Little Brown and Company, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-19474-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-19474-7">978-0-316-19474-7</a> (pb)</li> <li>Jonathan Silverman, Nine Choices: Johnny Cash and American Culture, Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55849-826-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-55849-826-5">1-55849-826-5</a></li> <li>Graeme Thomson, The Resurrection of Johnny Cash: Hurt, Redemption, and American Recordings, Jawbone Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906002-36-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906002-36-7">978-1-906002-36-7</a></li> <li>Christopher S. Wren, Johnny Cash: Winners Got Scars, Too, Abacus Editions, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-349-13740-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-349-13740-4">0-349-13740-4</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Johnny Cash at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" class="extiw" title="c:Johnny Cash">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" class="extiw" title="q:Johnny Cash">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42775" class="extiw" title="d:Q42775">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://johnnycash.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42775#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><noscript><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" data-alt="Edit this at Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnnycashonline.com/">Sony Music's Johnny Cash website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080106180837/http://www.hitparadehalloffame.org/xhtml_heads/Candidates/Inductee_johnny_cash.html">"Candidates – Inductee Johnny Cash"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hit_Parade_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Hit Parade Hall of Fame">Hit Parade Hall of Fame</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hitparadehalloffame.org/xhtml_heads/Candidates/Inductee_johnny_cash.html">the original</a> on January 6, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidates+%E2%80%93+Inductee+Johnny+Cash&rft.pub=Hit+Parade+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hitparadehalloffame.org%2Fxhtml_heads%2FCandidates%2FInductee_johnny_cash.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohnny+Cash" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p1548/biography">Johnny Cash</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0143599/">Johnny Cash</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.martinguitar.com/players/180-years-of-american-music.html">Johnny Cash profile at martinguitar.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uvic2.coppul.archivematica.org/downloads/holiff-family-fonds.pdf">Holiff Family fonds / Johnny Cash collection</a> University of Victoria Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">First <div style="font-size:90%">None recognized before</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_Center" title="First Amendment Center">First Amendment Center</a>/<a href="/wiki/Americana_Music_Association" title="Americana Music Association">AMA "Spirit of Americana" Free Speech Award</a> 2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Miller" title="Buddy Miller">Buddy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Julie_Miller" title="Julie Miller">Julie Miller</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Americana_Music_Association" title="Americana Music Association">AMA Album of the Year (artist)</a> 2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lauderdale" title="Jim Lauderdale">Jim Lauderdale</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Americana_Music_Association" title="Americana Music Association">AMA Artist of the Year</a> 2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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"<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Cash&oldid=1259725755">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Cash&oldid=1259725755</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Cash&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 26 November 2024, at 18:49 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="جوني كاش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوني كاش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conni_Ke%C5%9F" title="Conni Keş – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Conni Keş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="جانی کش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جانی کش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6" title="জনি ক্যাশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জনি ক্যাশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Джоні Кэш – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джоні Кэш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Джони Кеш – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джони Кеш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Τζόνι Κας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζόνι Κας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="جانی کش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جانی کش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9_%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BE" title="𐌳𐌶𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌳𐌶𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%8B%88_%EC%BA%90%EC%8B%9C" title="조니 캐시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조니 캐시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%94%D5%A5%D5%B7" title="Ջոնի Քեշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոնի Քեշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6" title="जॉनी कैश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉनी कैश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A9" title="ג'וני קאש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'וני קאש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="ჯონი კეში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯონი კეში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Cash" title="Ioannes Cash – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Cash" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEonijs_Ke%C5%A1s" title="Džonijs Kešs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džonijs Kešs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Џони Кеш – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џони Кеш" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോണി ക്യാഷ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോണി ക്യാഷ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B6" title="जॉनी कॅश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉनी कॅश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="ჯონი კეში – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯონი კეში" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="جونى كاش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جونى كاش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ジョニー・キャッシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョニー・キャッシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਜੌਨੀ ਕੈਸ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੌਨੀ ਕੈਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%88,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Кэш, Джонни – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кэш, Джонни" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="جۆنی کاش – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆنی کاش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Џони Кеш – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џони Кеш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜானி கேஷ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜானி கேஷ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8A" title="จอห์นนี แคช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จอห์นนี แคช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Джонні Кеш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джонні Кеш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E4%BB%80" title="约翰尼·卡什 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰尼·卡什" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Johnny Cash" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E5%B0%BC%E5%8D%A1%E6%AE%8A" title="尊尼卡殊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="尊尼卡殊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E4%BB%80" title="約翰尼·卡什 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="約翰尼·卡什" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 18:49 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5676f668c8-5nhpc","wgBackendResponseTime":321,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.520","walltime":"3.085","ppvisitednodes":{"value":21724,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":698431,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":168247,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":21,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":719793,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2462.218 1 -total"," 31.23% 768.962 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.76% 437.315 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 8.60% 211.649 51 Template:Cite_web"," 7.68% 189.004 28 Template:Cite_book"," 6.48% 159.477 21 Template:Pluralize_from_text"," 5.88% 144.703 33 Template:Citation"," 5.35% 131.713 1 Template:Plainlist"," 5.12% 126.162 2 Template:Marriage"," 4.82% 118.759 13 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