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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">D–Q University</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/D%E2%80%93Q_University" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:D%E2%80%93Q_University" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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<span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=D-Q_University&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Q University">D-Q University</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Deganawidah-Quetzalcoatl University</b> or <b>D–Q University</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Two-year_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-year college">two-year college</a> located on Road 31 in <a href="/wiki/Yolo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yolo County">Yolo County</a>, 6.7 miles (10.8 km) west of <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_113" title="California State Route 113">State Route 113</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. Founded in 1971, it was among the first six <a href="/wiki/Tribal_colleges_and_universities" title="Tribal colleges and universities">tribal colleges and universities</a> (TCU) in the United States, and the first established in California. It was not affiliated with a single federally recognized tribe or reservation, as are numerous other tribal colleges. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Deganawidah-Quetzalcoatl University</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1971<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1971</span>)</span>–2005<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2005</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Higher_Education_Consortium" title="American Indian Higher Education Consortium">American Indian Higher Education Consortium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Davis,_California" title="Davis, California">Davis</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state">California</div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div><br><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=D%E2%80%93Q_University&params=38.567093_N_121.886959_W_type:edu"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°34′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°53′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.567093°N 121.886959°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.567093; -121.886959</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Rural</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.d-q-u.org">www<wbr></wbr>.d-q-u<wbr></wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DQU_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7b/DQU_logo.png" decoding="async" width="105" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="105" data-file-height="101"></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The school ended its full-time class schedule in 2005 due to loss of accreditation. The Board of Trustees has been enlarged and continues to arrange activities to maintain its non-profit status. Students and instructors who remained on campus have continued to use the campus for classes, gatherings, and ceremonies, with annual powwows held through 2013. Annual <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Day" title="Veterans Day">Veterans Day</a> powwows have continued to be held through the most recent Veteran's Day in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A satellite campus of D-Q University continues to exist as <a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay_Community_College" title="Kumeyaay Community College">Kumeyaay Community College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Name"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Name</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Mission"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Mission</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Loss_of_accreditation,_2005"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Loss of accreditation, 2005</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Representation_in_other_media"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Representation in other media</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=D%E2%80%93Q_University&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The school was named by founders as <b><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Peacemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Peacemaker">Deganawidah</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ce_Acatl_Topiltzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ce Acatl Topiltzin">Quetzalcoatl</a> University,</b> after two Native American leaders of the period before European contact, one from New York and one from Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-nc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=D%E2%80%93Q_University&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mission" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>At a time of rising American Indian activism, the college was founded to provide alternative ideas and methods of education to Native American and Chicano students. Among its goals were to preserve and strengthen traditional Native American values, practice and protect <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> religion and beliefs, establish a Native American Research Institute, develop field-based systems to provide education to Native Americans who could not attend classes at the campus, and maintain social and personal support systems for D-Q students and staff. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=D%E2%80%93Q_University&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Founded in 1971, D-Q was the only college in California founded by and for Native Americans. The school was one of the first six <a href="/wiki/Tribal_colleges_and_universities" title="Tribal colleges and universities">tribal colleges and universities</a> in the United States, all of which were founded between 1968 and 1972. It was the only one that was independent of a reservation. Those six colleges created the <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Higher_Education_Consortium" title="American Indian Higher Education Consortium">American Indian Higher Education Consortium</a> in 1972. In the 21st century, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a> recognizes 34 tribal colleges, the majority of which are two-year institutions located on reservations. They now enroll more than 30,000 students, and some institutions have formal agreements with four-year universities to enable students to pursue BA degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-nc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site of D-Q was previously used as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> communications facility,<sup id="cite_ref-indy08_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indy08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known at various times as the Sacramento Valley Radio Transmitting Station; West Coast Relay and Transmitter Station; U.S. Army West Coast Relay and Radio Transmitting Station; and the U.S. Army Strategic Communications Command - CONUS, Davis California, Facility. The site was also used at one time by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army,_Signal_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Army, Signal Corps">Department of the Army, Signal Corps</a>, to support the Signal Corps Radio Station WVY. The late 1960s and early 1970s saw Native American groups 'occupying' federal lands, including <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Alcatraz" title="Occupation of Alcatraz">the occupation of Alcatraz Island</a>, as a form of protest, and the US Army high frequency transmit and control site near Davis was no exception. Conveniently for all parties, the US Army radio transmitter & control site mostly deactivated and operating in a caretaker status, as part of a military-wide reorganization of high frequency radio facilities (similar high-power Army HF radio stations in Kansas and the Washington DC area also had shut down), so while the occupation may have provided a slight nuisance, the Army chose not to attempt to forcibly repel the occupiers, like they certainly would have been obligated to if the site was still performing an important mission and with expensive, classified materials stored on-site. As-of 2005, numerous items on the D-Q campus—such as chairs, tables, etc. still had US Army property markings, and the surrounding open fields (the former HF radio "antenna farm") still had 1.5" thick, armored coax-cables that used to connect the antennas with the transmitters buried in the soil, and graffiti from the early 1970s occupation was extant in some buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag contains original research. (October 2022)">original research</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A group of Native American academics, including <a href="/wiki/David_Risling" title="David Risling">David Risling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_D._Forbes" title="Jack D. Forbes">Jack D. Forbes</a>, <a href="/wiki/R._C._Gorman" title="R. C. Gorman">Carl Gorman</a>, Kenneth Martin, and Sarah Hutchison, all of whom were involved in the Native American Studies Department at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">UC Davis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> created a board of trustees to apply for use of the site after the federal government decommissioned the site for military use. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> had also applied to use the site: for its new <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Studies">Native American Studies</a> program, established in 1969, and a primate research lab. Organizers protested and UC Davis withdrew its application. The federal government conditionally granted the land to D–Q University in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The school opened in 1971, founded to serve both Native American and Latino students. It obtained accreditation in 1977. Most tribal colleges are affiliated with one federally recognized tribe and are generally located on reservations. Organizers of the college were drawn from Native American activists, many of whom were members of federally recognized tribes in California. They struggled to attract funding and faculty to set up and operate the college, at a time when mainstream universities were also recruiting Native Americans to new programs of studies. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Loss_of_accreditation,_2005"><span id="Loss_of_accreditation.2C_2005"></span>Loss of accreditation, 2005</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=D%E2%80%93Q_University&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Loss of accreditation, 2005" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>With competition from the growth of Native American programs at other universities, as well as numerous tribal colleges, in the early 21st century D-Q suffered declining enrollment, a high rate of board of trustees turnover, and problems with funding. In 2003–2004, it lost funding from the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a> because of insufficient Native American enrollment as well as money from the Department of Education.<sup id="cite_ref-journal5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lost its accreditation in 2005 and stopped offering classes.<sup id="cite_ref-indy08_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indy08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-journal5_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disputes among the board of trustees were settled following a lawsuit. The university re-opened for some activities later that year, but the board dismissed the president in June 2006 due to continued lack of students and funds. </p><p>Elders and teachers continued to occupy the university grounds through much of 2008, despite Board and police pressures to vacate the land.<sup id="cite_ref-indy08_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indy08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During several instances in 2008, students and supporters were arrested for occupying the grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-indy08_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indy08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school's community continued to host community events, such as powwows.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>D–Q University in September 2010, in conjunction with the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regenerativedesign.org/">Regenerative Design Institute</a> hosted a Permaculture Design Course.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Native Americans and non-Natives collaborated on site development proposals for the campus.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Annual powwows have been held through 2013, with representation from tribes across California, as well as from other parts of the United States and other nations. As of 2015, the Board of trustees has been enlarged from four to 14 members (recruitment continues for four positions), increasing the number with professional backgrounds. Members represent numerous tribes in California as well as people from outside the state. Among the committees formed is one for curriculum, with a broad-based effort to assess current needs of Native Americans in California.<sup id="cite_ref-journal15_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal15-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Board has arranged for seminars and other activities to retain the university's non-profit status, while working to improve its infrastructure and build a network of support in 2015 to re-open. In 2012 the Board signed a memorandum of agreement with the Inter-Tribal Council of California toward this goal.<sup id="cite_ref-journal15_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal15-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Representation_in_other_media">Representation in other media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=D%E2%80%93Q_University&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Representation in other media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>In the early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/D-Q_University" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Q University">D-Q University</a> was to be the subject of a feature-length documentary film, <i>A Free People, Free To Choose</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-wgaw_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wgaw-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Crull,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Crull, Jr.">Jan Crull, Jr.</a>, the filmmaker, was interested in the college's history. He stopped the project when <a href="/wiki/Morrison_%26_Foerster" title="Morrison & Foerster">Morrison & Foerster</a>, a law firm closely linked to D-Q U's legal battles, withdrew after some of the film's subjects became involved in mutual lawsuits. He had already shot more than 100 hours of footage, including interviews with founders and activists <a href="/wiki/David_Risling" title="David Risling">David Risling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_D._Forbes" title="Jack D. Forbes">Jack D. Forbes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wgaw_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wgaw-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=D%E2%80%93Q_University&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/DQtribalcollege/photos/rpp.225959660904382/849525428547799/?type=3&theater">Facebook post</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWest2021" class="citation news cs1">West, Emma Hall, Charlotte (2021-08-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calmatters.org/education/2021/08/california-tribal-colleges/">"New tribal colleges offer 'sense of belonging' for Native students but hit roadblocks"</a>. <i>CalMatters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CalMatters&rft.atitle=New+tribal+colleges+offer+%27sense+of+belonging%27+for+Native+students+but+hit+roadblocks&rft.date=2021-08-05&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Emma+Hall%2C+Charlotte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Feducation%2F2021%2F08%2Fcalifornia-tribal-colleges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%E2%80%93Q+University" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nc_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nc_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindery2006" class="citation web cs1">Hindery, Robin (August 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/California%27s+only+tribal+college+to+collapse+after+35+years-a0152180815">"California's only tribal college to collapse after 35 years"</a>. <i>North County Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+County+Times&rft.atitle=California%27s+only+tribal+college+to+collapse+after+35+years&rft.date=2006-08-13&rft.aulast=Hindery&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FCalifornia%2527s%2Bonly%2Btribal%2Bcollege%2Bto%2Bcollapse%2Bafter%2B35%2Byears-a0152180815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%E2%80%93Q+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indy08-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indy08_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indy08_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indy08_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indy08_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2008/03/31/18489787.php">"Police Raid D-Q University: Eighteen Students, Elders and Supporters Arrested"</a>. Indybay: Central Valley. 2 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 Aug</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Police+Raid+D-Q+University%3A+Eighteen+Students%2C+Elders+and+Supporters+Arrested.&rft.pub=Indybay%3A+Central+Valley.&rft.date=2008-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indybay.org%2Fnewsitems%2F2008%2F03%2F31%2F18489787.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%E2%80%93Q+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per personal guided tour led by then D-Q U President & facilities manager for me, a military communications site historian.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/campuses/ucd/departments_n.html">"Davis: Departments - N"</a>. <i>University of California History, Digital Archives</i>. 18 June 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+California+History%2C+Digital+Archives&rft.atitle=Davis%3A+Departments+-+N&rft.date=2004-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.berkeley.edu%2Fuchistory%2Fgeneral_history%2Fcampuses%2Fucd%2Fdepartments_n.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%E2%80%93Q+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonNagelChampagne1997" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Troy R.; Nagel, Joane; Champagne, Duane (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AuOXYesYSn0C&dq=DQ+university&pg=PA134"><i>American Indian Activism: Alcatraz to the Longest Walk</i></a>. University of Illinois. pp. 134–135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252066535" title="Special:BookSources/9780252066535"><bdi>9780252066535</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Indian+Activism%3A+Alcatraz+to+the+Longest+Walk&rft.pages=134-135&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780252066535&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Troy+R.&rft.au=Nagel%2C+Joane&rft.au=Champagne%2C+Duane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAuOXYesYSn0C%26dq%3DDQ%2Buniversity%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%E2%80%93Q+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-journal5-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-journal5_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-journal5_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518080606/http://www.tribalcollegejournal.org/archives/10550">"D-Q University Loses Accreditation, Funding"</a>, <i>Tribal College/ Journal of American Indian Education,</i> 15 May 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValdata2006" class="citation web cs1">Valdata, Patricia (April 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WMX/is_5_23/ai_n16418667">"The rebirth of D-Q University: determined to keep the dream alive, interim president Arthur Apodaca seeks to re-energize California's only two-year tribal college"</a>. Diverse Issues in Higher Education.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+rebirth+of+D-Q+University%3A+determined+to+keep+the+dream+alive%2C+interim+president+Arthur+Apodaca+seeks+to+re-energize+California%27s+only+two-year+tribal+college&rft.pub=Diverse+Issues+in+Higher+Education&rft.date=2006-04-20&rft.aulast=Valdata&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m0WMX%2Fis_5_23%2Fai_n16418667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%E2%80%93Q+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantillan2008" class="citation web cs1">Santillan, Guambry (March 31, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615225205/http://www.nationalmecha.org/archives/2008/03/dq_university_u.html">"D-Q University Update: Arrests of Students and Elders"</a>. MEChA. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D-Q+University+Update%3A+Arrests+of+Students+and+Elders&rft.pub=MEChA&rft.date=2008-03-31&rft.aulast=Santillan&rft.aufirst=Guambry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmecha.org%2Farchives%2F2008%2F03%2Fdq_university_u.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%E2%80%93Q+University" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorrell" class="citation web cs1">Norrell, Brenda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bsnorrell.blogspot.com/2009/03/dq-university-pow-wow-39-years-deed-day.html">"DQ University Pow Wow: 39 Years Deed Day"</a>. Censored News, Indigenous Peoples and Human Rights News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 Aug</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DQ+University+Pow+Wow%3A+39+Years+Deed+Day.&rft.pub=Censored+News%2C+Indigenous+Peoples+and+Human+Rights+News&rft.aulast=Norrell&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbsnorrell.blogspot.com%2F2009%2F03%2Fdq-university-pow-wow-39-years-deed-day.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%E2%80%93Q+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regenerativedesign.org/courses-events/peacemaking-and-permaculture-sept-2010">Permaculture and Peacemaking</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100805065453/http://regenerativedesign.org/courses-events/peacemaking-and-permaculture-sept-2010">Archived</a> 2010-08-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingmandala.com/Living_Mandala/Peacemaking_and_Permaculture.html">Peacemaking and Permaculture - Permaculture Design Certification Intensive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719131858/http://theaggie.org/article/2010/08/30/learn-about-sustainable-living-and-peacemaking-at-dq-university">The Aggie: Learn about sustainable living and peacemaking at D-Q University</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722160340/http://regenerativedesign.org/courses-events/permaculture-design-certification-courses">"Permaculture Design Certification Courses"</a>. Regenerative Design Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regenerativedesign.org/courses-events/permaculture-design-certification-courses">the original</a> on 2010-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Permaculture+Design+Certification+Courses&rft.pub=Regenerative+Design+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regenerativedesign.org%2Fcourses-events%2Fpermaculture-design-certification-courses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD%E2%80%93Q+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-journal15-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-journal15_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-journal15_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Patty_Talahongva" title="Patty Talahongva">Patty Talahongva</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518080834/http://www.tribalcollegejournal.org/archives/29510">"California Indians Seek to Establish a TCU"</a>, <i>Tribal College</i>, 2 May 2015, accessed 12 May 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wgaw-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wgaw_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wgaw_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">W.G.A.W. reg. No. 513853; an overview of the film project was presented and discussed at the D-Q U Board of Trustees' semiannual meeting on October 2, 1993. Distribution interest was in place before any footage was shot; in the 100 plus hours shot and assembled are lengthy interviews with <a href="/wiki/David_Risling" title="David Risling">David Risling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_D._Forbes" title="Jack D. Forbes">Jack D. Forbes</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=D%E2%80%93Q_University&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-q-u.org/">DQ University Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060903230545/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views1h18.htm"><i>Five Views: An Ethnic Historic Site Survey for California</i></a>, National Park Service</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2006/08/13/news/state/16_25_128_12_06.txt"><i>California's only tribal college close to collapse after 35 years</i>, AP</a>, <i>NC Times</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/28201839.html">"Struggling to reopen California's only tribal college"</a>, <i>Indian Country Today</i></li> <li><a href="http://wikispot.org/?action=gotowikipage&v=davis:D-Q_University" class="extiw" title="wikispot:davis:D-Q University">D-Q University</a> on the Davis Wiki</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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