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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Variant of Purim practiced in Latin America</div> <p>The <b>Festival of Santa Esterica</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">holiday</a> that was created as a substitute for <a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Anusim" title="Anusim">Anusim</a> (also known as "<a href="/wiki/Conversos" class="mw-redirect" title="Conversos">conversos</a>", <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardi Jews</a> forced to convert to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>) after their <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">expulsion from Spain</a> in the late 15th century. It is still celebrated today in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_of_Santa_Esterica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The festival was themed about a fictional “Catholic” <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> called "Esterica" who was heavily based upon Queen <a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a>. During the festival the <a href="/wiki/New_Christian" title="New Christian">New Christian</a> women fasted for 3 days as Esther herself, her uncle <a href="/wiki/Mordechai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mordechai">Mordechai</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews">Jews of Persia</a> did in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Book of Esther</a> prior to her meeting with King <a href="/wiki/Achashverosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Achashverosh">Achashverosh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_overview">Historical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_of_Santa_Esterica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although it was dangerous for the conversos to celebrate this festival due to its <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> elements, as the <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a> demanded no traits of their former religion be preserved, there are documents from Mexico that confirm the Festival of Esterica was held in Mexico as well. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Crypto-Judaism" title="Crypto-Judaism">conversos who wanted to maintain their identity as Jews</a> had fled to <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, yet they had to face another religiously-based <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal">persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal</a> and expulsion in 1497; this was what brought them and their festival to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs">Customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_of_Santa_Esterica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a> <a href="/wiki/Janet_L._Jacobs" title="Janet L. Jacobs">Janet Liebman Jacobs</a>, converso women used to light candles and cook a <a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a> <a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">banquet</a> with their daughters – which helped passing out knowledge of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a> to the next generations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The public festival celebrations had become private events that were celebrated with the family indoors. The conversos had also started to honor Esther with <a href="/wiki/Iconographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iconographic">iconographic</a> art pieces they made in her image and held in their households. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moshe_Orfali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moshe Orfali (page does not exist)">Moshe Orfali</a> claims in his book <i>The Fast of Esther in the Lore of the Marranos</i> that the conversos lived with the perpetual feeling of <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> since they had to act like Christians towards the outside world while deep inside were Jewish, and that the fast helped them to feel as they were making up for their sin to <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observance">Observance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_of_Santa_Esterica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Observance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The popularity of the Festival of Santa Esterica had begun to decrease between the years 1964 and 1974, following the statements of <a href="/wiki/James_Peter_Davis" title="James Peter Davis">James Peter Davis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Santa_Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Santa Fe">Archbishop of Santa Fe</a> who studied the festival and had begun preaching to <a href="/wiki/Hispanics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanics">Hispanics</a> who celebrated it that they were actually practicing a Jewish holiday based on Purim and that there was no such saint called Esterica. As a result, it is less common to find iconographic Esterica art pieces at Southwestern United States houses today than until the 20th century. </p><p>According to <i>The Book of Esther in Modern Research</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Greenspoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Greenspoon (page does not exist)">Leonard Greenspoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sidnie_White_Crawford" title="Sidnie White Crawford">Sidnie White Crawford</a>, in the iconographic Esterica pieces that were common in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> the saint was depicted wearing a <a href="/wiki/Crown_(headgear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown (headgear)">Crown</a> on her head and holding a hanging <a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">rope</a>. They interpret the motifs as signs of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> being grasped as something royal that comes with the risk of getting caught by the Christians and end the conversos' lives (The rope most probably represents the hanging of Haman, the king’s advisor that proposed the killing of Jewish people. The Jewish holiday of Purim celebrates the “switching of roles” - which is why you might see children in costumes on this holiday - one of the reasons being the hanging Haman planned for Mordechai, Queen Ester’s uncle, was ultimately his own execution) <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hanging</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, the art that decorated the conversos' houses with Santa Esterica were portrayed with <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">red</a> <a href="/wiki/Curtains" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtains">curtains</a> that frame the icona. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_of_Santa_Esterica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/queen-esther-patron-saint-of-crypto-jews/">Queen Esther: Patron saint of crypto-Jews</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“Women, Ritual, and Secrecy: The Creation of the Crypto-Jewish Culture,” Janet Liebman Jacobs</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720110206/https://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/tetzaveh/orf.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Fast of Esther in the Lore of the Marranos" - Prof. Moshe Orfali; Dept. of Jewish History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/tetzaveh/orf.html">the original</a> on 2018-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+Fast+of+Esther+in+the+Lore+of+the+Marranos%22+-+Prof.+Moshe+Orfali%3B+Dept.+of+Jewish+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biu.ac.il%2FJH%2FParasha%2Feng%2Ftetzaveh%2Forf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFestival+of+Santa+Esterica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VtXYAAAAMAAJ">The Book of Esther in Modern Research</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Festival_of_Santa_Esterica&oldid=1218180531">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Festival_of_Santa_Esterica&oldid=1218180531</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crypto-Judaism" title="Category:Crypto-Judaism">Crypto-Judaism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European-Jewish_culture_in_Mexico" title="Category:European-Jewish culture in Mexico">European-Jewish culture in Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_conversos" title="Category:History of the conversos">History of the conversos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino-Jewish_culture_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Hispanic and Latino-Jewish culture in the United States">Hispanic and Latino-Jewish culture in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holidays" title="Category:Holidays">Holidays</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism_in_Mexico" title="Category:Jews and Judaism in Mexico">Jews and Judaism in Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism_in_Portugal" title="Category:Jews and Judaism in Portugal">Jews and Judaism in Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism_in_South_America" title="Category:Jews and Judaism in South America">Jews and Judaism in South America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism_in_Spain" title="Category:Jews and Judaism in Spain">Jews and Judaism in Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Jews and Judaism in the United States">Jews and Judaism in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Purim" title="Category:Purim">Purim</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sephardi_Jewish_culture_in_North_America" title="Category:Sephardi Jewish culture in North America">Sephardi Jewish culture in North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sephardi_Jewish_culture_in_South_America" title="Category:Sephardi Jewish culture in South America">Sephardi Jewish culture in South America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish-Jewish_diaspora" title="Category:Spanish-Jewish diaspora">Spanish-Jewish diaspora</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 April 2024, at 06:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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