CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3b3fdecb-7a56-4bce-a42b-c1734563ec32","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal","wgTitle":"Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal","wgCurRevisionId":1249465540,"wgRevisionId":1249465540,"wgArticleId":40362343,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","1496 in Portugal","Anti-Islam sentiment in Portugal","Antisemitism in Portugal","Ethnic cleansing in Europe","Expulsions of Jews","Islam-related controversies","Jewish Portuguese history","Portuguese-Jewish diaspora","Religious expulsion orders","Persecution of Muslims by Christians"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal","wgRelevantArticleId":40362343,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q15138579","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif/lossy-page1-1200px-Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1802"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif/lossy-page1-800px-Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1201"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif/lossy-page1-640px-Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="961"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal rootpage-Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Persecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Persecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Persecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Persecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expulsion_of_Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expulsion_of_Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Expulsion of Jews</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Expulsion_of_Jews-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Expulsion of Jews subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Expulsion_of_Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crypto-Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crypto-Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Crypto-Jews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crypto-Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expulsion_of_Muslims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expulsion_of_Muslims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Expulsion of Muslims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expulsion_of_Muslims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_of_some_Jews_to_Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_of_some_Jews_to_Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Return of some Jews to Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_of_some_Jews_to_Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Изгонване на евреите от Португалия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изгонване на евреите от Португалия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsi%C3%B3n_de_jud%C3%ADos_y_musulmanes_de_Portugal" title="Expulsión de judíos y musulmanes de Portugal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Expulsión de judíos y musulmanes de Portugal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="آزار و اذیت یهودیان و مسلمانان توسط مانوئل یکم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزار و اذیت یهودیان و مسلمانان توسط مانوئل یکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_des_Juifs_et_des_Musulmans_du_Portugal" title="Expulsion des Juifs et des Musulmans du Portugal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Expulsion des Juifs et des Musulmans du Portugal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penindasan_Yahudi_dan_Muslim_oleh_Manuel_I_dari_Portugal" title="Penindasan Yahudi dan Muslim oleh Manuel I dari Portugal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penindasan Yahudi dan Muslim oleh Manuel I dari Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="הטבלת יהודי פורטוגל לנצרות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטבלת יהודי פורטוגל לנצרות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persegui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Judeus_e_Mu%C3%A7ulmanos_por_Manuel_I_de_Portugal" title="Perseguição de Judeus e Muçulmanos por Manuel I de Portugal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Perseguição de Judeus e Muçulmanos por Manuel I de Portugal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Изгнание евреев и мусульман из Португалии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изгнание евреев и мусульман из Португалии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15138579#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&oldid=1249465540" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&id=1249465540&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPersecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPersecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15138579" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Portugal</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita,_1507_-_4592250.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2108" data-file-height="3165" /></a><figcaption><i>Epistola de victoria contra infideles habita</i>, 1507</figcaption></figure> <p>On 5 December 1496, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">King Manuel I of Portugal</a> signed the decree of expulsion of Jews and Muslims to take effect by the end of October of the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-Decree_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decree-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the 15th century, some Jews occupied prominent places in Portuguese political and economic life. For example, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Abrabanel" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Abrabanel">Isaac Abrabanel</a> was the treasurer of King <a href="/wiki/Afonso_V_of_Portugal" title="Afonso V of Portugal">Afonso V of Portugal</a>. Many also had an active role in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese culture">Portuguese culture</a>, and they kept their reputation of diplomats and merchants. By this time, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vora" title="Évora">Évora</a> were home to important Jewish communities. The Jewish community, along with the Moors, had control in Spain as well, until around 1478 when Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand had started buying the land that anyone who was not Catholic had controlled. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expulsion_of_Jews">Expulsion of Jews</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Expulsion of Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">History of the Jews in Portugal</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Expuls%C3%A3o_dos_Judeus_(Roque_Gameiro,_Quadros_da_Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Portugal,_1917).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/A_Expuls%C3%A3o_dos_Judeus_%28Roque_Gameiro%2C_Quadros_da_Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Portugal%2C_1917%29.png/250px-A_Expuls%C3%A3o_dos_Judeus_%28Roque_Gameiro%2C_Quadros_da_Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Portugal%2C_1917%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/A_Expuls%C3%A3o_dos_Judeus_%28Roque_Gameiro%2C_Quadros_da_Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Portugal%2C_1917%29.png/375px-A_Expuls%C3%A3o_dos_Judeus_%28Roque_Gameiro%2C_Quadros_da_Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Portugal%2C_1917%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/A_Expuls%C3%A3o_dos_Judeus_%28Roque_Gameiro%2C_Quadros_da_Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Portugal%2C_1917%29.png/500px-A_Expuls%C3%A3o_dos_Judeus_%28Roque_Gameiro%2C_Quadros_da_Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Portugal%2C_1917%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2446" data-file-height="1708" /></a><figcaption>Expulsion of the Jews in 1497, in a 1917 watercolour by <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Roque_Gameiro" title="Alfredo Roque Gameiro">Alfredo Roque Gameiro</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 5 December 1496, King <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I of Portugal</a> decreed that all Jews must convert to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> or leave the country, in order to satisfy a request by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs of Spain</a> during the negotiations of the contract of marriage between himself and their eldest daughter <a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Princess_of_Asturias_(1470%E2%80%931498)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1470–1498)">Isabella, Princess of Asturias</a>, as an unstated condition to win her hand.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The King demonstrated his wish to completely and forever eradicate Judaism from Portugal by issuing two decrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Decree_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decree-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial edict of expulsion of 1496 was turned into an edict of forced conversion in 1497, whereby Portuguese Jews were prevented from leaving the country and were forcibly baptized and converted to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those Jews who refused to pay taxes in protest were deported from Portugal and abandoned to their fate in the islands of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a>, off the western coast of Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hard times followed for the Portuguese <i>conversos</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_massacre" title="Lisbon massacre">the massacre of 2,000 people in Lisbon in 1506</a>, and later the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Inquisition" title="Portuguese Inquisition">Portuguese Inquisition</a> in 1536. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inquis1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Inquis1.jpg/250px-Inquis1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Inquis1.jpg/375px-Inquis1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Inquis1.jpg/500px-Inquis1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>Burning of Crypto-Jews in Lisbon, Portugal</figcaption></figure> <p>When the King allowed <i>conversos</i> to leave after the Lisbon massacre of 1506, many went to the Ottoman Empire, notably <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Salonica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, and to the Wattasid Sultanate of <a href="/wiki/Wattasid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Wattasid Dynasty">Morocco</a>. Smaller numbers went to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>. In some of these places their presence can still be perceived in the use of the <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Spanish">Ladino</a> language by some Jewish communities in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Portuguese-based dialects</a> of the Antilles, or the multiple <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a> built by those who became known as the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Spanish and Portuguese Jews</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Esnoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam Esnoga">Amsterdam Esnoga</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao synagogue">Willemstad Snoa</a>. Some of the most famous descendants of Portuguese Jews who lived outside Portugal are the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a> (<i>Bento de Espinosa</i> in Portuguese), and the classical economist <a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crypto-Jews">Crypto-Jews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crypto-Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jews who converted to Christianity were known as <a href="/wiki/New_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="New Christians">New Christians</a>, and were always under the constant surveillance of the Inquisition. The Holy Office in Portugal lasted for almost three hundred years, until the Portuguese Inquisition was abolished in 1821 by the "General Extraordinary and Constituent <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cortes" title="Portuguese Cortes">Courts of the Portuguese Nation</a>". Many of those New Christians were <a href="/wiki/Crypto-Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-Jew">crypto-Jews</a> who continued to secretly practice their religion; they eventually left the country in the centuries to come, and openly embraced their Jewish faith again in foreign lands. Such was the case, for example, of the ancestors of Baruch Spinoza in the Netherlands. Some other Portuguese Jews, very few in number like the <a href="/wiki/Belmonte_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Belmonte Jews">Belmonte Jews</a>, opted for a different and radical solution, practicing their faith in a strictly secret manner among a rural and isolated community. Known as the "Last of the <a href="/wiki/Marranos" class="mw-redirect" title="Marranos">Marranos</a>", some have survived until today (especially the Jewish community from <a href="/wiki/Belmonte,_Portugal" title="Belmonte, Portugal">Belmonte</a> in Castelo Branco, plus some scattered families) by their practice of intermarriage and their very limited cultural contacts with the outside world. Only recently, in the late 20th century, have they re-established contact with the international Jewish community and openly practice their religion in a public synagogue with a formal <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marranes_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marranes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expulsion_of_Muslims">Expulsion of Muslims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Expulsion of Muslims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to contemporary historian François Soyer, the expulsion of Muslims from Portugal has been overshadowed by the forced conversion of Jews in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007241_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007241-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While tolerance of Muslim minorities in Portugal was higher than in any other part of Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007258_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007258-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslims were still perceived as "alien."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007254,_259_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007254,_259-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anti-Muslim riots were regular in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a> during the 1460s; however, no similar acts of violence occurred in Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007258_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007258-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1496, Manuel I ordered all Muslim subjects to leave without any apparent provocation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007242_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007242-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to 16th-century Portuguese historians <a href="/wiki/Dami%C3%A3o_de_G%C3%B3is" title="Damião de Góis">Damião de Góis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Os%C3%B3rio" title="Jerónimo Osório">Jerónimo Osório</a>, the Portuguese government originally planned to forcibly convert or execute Muslims as they had done to Jews, but fear of retaliation from Muslim kingdoms in North Africa led the king to settle on deportations instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007260–261_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007260–261-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manuel I's motivation behind the order is unclear, but some contemporary historians say it was part of a greater goal of Queen <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand</a> (known as the "<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a>") to rid the peninsula of Muslims and create "religious uniformity" and "monolithic Catholic Christian unity".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007269_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007269-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other historians say it was influenced by ambitions of conquering Morocco,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007280_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007280-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by the suggestion of the Dominican confessor to the king, Friar Jorge Vogado.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007273_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007273-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Muslims found refuge in <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007262_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007262-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but most fled to North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007268_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007268-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_of_some_Jews_to_Portugal">Return of some Jews to Portugal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return of some Jews to Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century, some affluent families of Sephardi Jewish Portuguese origin such as the Ruah and Bensaude, resettled in Portugal from Morocco. The first synagogue to be built in Portugal since the 15th century was the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Synagogue" title="Lisbon Synagogue">Lisbon Synagogue</a>, inaugurated in 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014 the Portuguese parliament changed the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portuguese nationality law</a> in order to grant Portuguese nationality to descendants of <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardi Jews</a> expelled from Portugal. The law is a reaction to historical events that led to their expulsion from Portugal, but also due to increased concerns over Jewish communities throughout Europe. In order to obtain Portuguese nationality, the person must attest being a direct descendant of a Sephardi of Portuguese origin or family connections in a collateral line from a former Portuguese Sephardi community. Use of expressions in Portuguese in Jewish rites or <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Portuguese" title="Judaeo-Portuguese">Judaeo-Portuguese</a> or <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Ladino</a> can also be considered proof.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2015 several hundred <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Jews">Turkish Jews</a> who were able to prove descent from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Jews">Portuguese Jews</a> expelled in 1497 <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Portugal" title="Immigration to Portugal">emigrated to Portugal</a> and acquired <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law#Jewish_Law_of_Return" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portuguese citizenship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallache_family" title="Pallache family">Pallache family</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Decree-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Decree_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Decree_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">António José Saraiva: The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536-1765, BRILL, 2001, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004120808" title="Special:BookSources/9789004120808">9789004120808</a>, p. 10-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltabéAltabe1992" class="citation journal cs1">Altabé, David Fintz; Altabe, David Fintz (September 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/344154">"The Significance of 1492 to the Jews and Muslims of Spain"</a>. <i>Hispania</i>. <b>75</b> (3): 728. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F344154">10.2307/344154</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/344154">344154</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hispania&rft.atitle=The+Significance+of+1492+to+the+Jews+and+Muslims+of+Spain&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=728&rft.date=1992-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F344154&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F344154%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Altab%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=David+Fintz&rft.au=Altabe%2C+David+Fintz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F344154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Soyer2008" class="citation web cs1">François Soyer (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catedra-alberto-benveniste.org/_fich/15/Francois_Soyer_(1).pdf">"King Manuel I and the expulsion of the Castilian Conversos and Muslims from Portugal in 1497: new perspectives"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cadernos de Estudos Sefarditas, n.º 8, 2008, pp. 33-62</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cadernos+de+Estudos+Sefarditas%2C+n.%C2%BA+8%2C+2008%2C+pp.+33-62.&rft.atitle=King+Manuel+I+and+the+expulsion+of+the+Castilian+Conversos+and+Muslims+from+Portugal+in+1497%3A+new+perspectives&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Soyer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catedra-alberto-benveniste.org%2F_fich%2F15%2FFrancois_Soyer_%281%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuven_Faingold2013" class="citation web cs1">Reuven Faingold (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.morasha.com.br/historia-judaica-moderna/judeus-ibericos-deportados-a-sao-tome-entre-1492-8.html">"Judeus ibéricos deportados a São Tomé entre 1492-1497"</a>. <i>Morashá: História Judaica Moderna (79)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morash%C3%A1%3A+Hist%C3%B3ria+Judaica+Moderna+%2879%29&rft.atitle=Judeus+ib%C3%A9ricos+deportados+a+S%C3%A3o+Tom%C3%A9+entre+1492-1497&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Reuven+Faingold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.morasha.com.br%2Fhistoria-judaica-moderna%2Fjudeus-ibericos-deportados-a-sao-tome-entre-1492-8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/saotome_principe.html">"Sao Tome & Principe"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=Sao+Tome+%26+Principe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fvjw%2Fsaotome_principe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marranes-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marranes_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Frédéric Brenner and Stan Neumann, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssXB4uHcYZI">Les Derniers Marranes</a> (Motion Picture), La Sept-Les Film d'Ici, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007241-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007241_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoyer2007">Soyer 2007</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007258-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007258_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007258_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoyer2007">Soyer 2007</a>, p. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007254,_259-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007254,_259_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoyer2007">Soyer 2007</a>, p. 254, 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007242-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007242_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoyer2007">Soyer 2007</a>, p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007260–261-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007260–261_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoyer2007">Soyer 2007</a>, pp. 260–261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007269-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007269_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoyer2007">Soyer 2007</a>, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007280-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007280_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoyer2007">Soyer 2007</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007273-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007273_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoyer2007">Soyer 2007</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007262-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007262_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoyer2007">Soyer 2007</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoyer2007268-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoyer2007268_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoyer2007">Soyer 2007</a>, p. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pathsoffaith.com/en/jewish-legacy/shaare-tikvah-synagogue-lisbon#:~:text=The%20synagogue%20of%20Lisbon.,Manuel%20I%20in%201496.">"Shaaré Tikvah Synagogue - Lisbon"</a>. Path of Faith.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shaar%C3%A9+Tikvah+Synagogue+-+Lisbon&rft.pub=Path+of+Faith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pathsoffaith.com%2Fen%2Fjewish-legacy%2Fshaare-tikvah-synagogue-lisbon%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520synagogue%2520of%2520Lisbon.%2CManuel%2520I%2520in%25201496.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLusa2015" class="citation web cs1">Lusa (29 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publico.pt/politica/noticia/descendentes-de-judeus-sefarditas-ja-vao-poder-pedir-a-nacionalidade-1684394">"Descendentes de judeus sefarditas já vão poder pedir a nacionalidade"</a>. <i>PÚBLICO</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C3%9ABLICO&rft.atitle=Descendentes+de+judeus+sefarditas+j%C3%A1+v%C3%A3o+poder+pedir+a+nacionalidade&rft.date=2015-01-29&rft.au=Lusa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.pt%2Fpolitica%2Fnoticia%2Fdescendentes-de-judeus-sefarditas-ja-vao-poder-pedir-a-nacionalidade-1684394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevos" class="citation web cs1">Devos, Olivier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/amid-rising-european-anti-semitism-portugal-sees-jewish-renaissance/">"Amid rising European anti-Semitism, Portugal sees Jewish renaissance"</a>. <i>www.timesofisrael.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Apr 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=Amid+rising+European+anti-Semitism%2C+Portugal+sees+Jewish+renaissance&rft.aulast=Devos&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Famid-rising-european-anti-semitism-portugal-sees-jewish-renaissance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiphshiz" class="citation web cs1">Liphshiz, Cnaan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-citizenship-law-has-jews-flocking-to-tiny-portugal-city/">"New citizenship law has Jews flocking to tiny Portugal city"</a>. <i>www.timesofisrael.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Apr 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=New+citizenship+law+has+Jews+flocking+to+tiny+Portugal+city&rft.aulast=Liphshiz&rft.aufirst=Cnaan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fnew-citizenship-law-has-jews-flocking-to-tiny-portugal-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2015/03/03/global/portugal-open-to-citizenship-applications-by-descendants-of-sephardic-jews">"Portugal open to citizenship applications by descendants of Sephardic Jews"</a>. Mar 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Apr 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portugal+open+to+citizenship+applications+by+descendants+of+Sephardic+Jews&rft.date=2015-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2015%2F03%2F03%2Fglobal%2Fportugal-open-to-citizenship-applications-by-descendants-of-sephardic-jews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoyer2007" class="citation book cs1">Soyer, François (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/206587484/The-Persecution-of-the-Jews-and-Muslims-of-Portugal-the-Medieval-Mediterranean"><i>The Persecution of the Jews and Muslims of Portugal: King Manuel I and the End of Religious Tolerance (1496–7)</i></a>. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004162624" title="Special:BookSources/9789004162624"><bdi>9789004162624</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persecution+of+the+Jews+and+Muslims+of+Portugal%3A+King+Manuel+I+and+the+End+of+Religious+Tolerance+%281496%E2%80%937%29&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill+NV&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789004162624&rft.aulast=Soyer&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F206587484%2FThe-Persecution-of-the-Jews-and-Muslims-of-Portugal-the-Medieval-Mediterranean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Jews+and+Muslims+by+Manuel+I+of+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sephardi_Jewish_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sephardic_Jews_topics" title="Template:Sephardic Jews topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sephardic_Jews_topics" title="Template talk:Sephardic Jews topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sephardic_Jews_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sephardic Jews topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sephardi_Jewish_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardi Jewish</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">Origins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sepharad" title="Sepharad">Sepharad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_Jewish_culture_in_Spain" title="Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Jews_from_Spain" title="Expulsion of Jews from Spain">Expulsion from Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">Alhambra Decree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Expulsion from Portugal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Converso" title="Converso">Conversos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Degredado" title="Degredado">Degredados</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lan%C3%A7ados" title="Lançados">Lançados</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">Marranos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megorashim" title="Megorashim">Megorashim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Jews" title="Maghrebi Jews">Maghrebi Jews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Christian" title="New Christian">New Christian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Expulsions_and_exoduses_of_Jews" title="Expulsions and exoduses of Jews">Dispersion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Sephardim" title="Eastern Sephardim">Eastern Mediterranean</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Albania" title="History of the Jews in Albania">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="History of the Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bulgaria" title="History of the Jews in Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Croatia" title="History of the Jews in Croatia">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_Synagogue" title="Dubrovnik Synagogue">Ragusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_Synagogue" title="Split Synagogue">Splicani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt" title="History of the Jews in Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Alexandria" title="History of the Jews in Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Greece" title="History of the Jews in Greece">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Rhodes" title="History of the Jews in Rhodes">Rhodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Thessaloniki" title="History of the Jews in Thessaloniki">Thessalonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_Hungary" title="Sephardic Jews in Hungary">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_North_Macedonia" title="History of the Jews in North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Monastir" title="History of the Jews in Monastir">Monastir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_Romania" title="Sephardic Jews in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Serbia" title="History of the Jews in Serbia">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jews" title="Syrian Jews">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey" title="History of the Jews in Turkey">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Istanbul" title="History of the Jews in Istanbul">Istanbulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_%C4%B0zmir" title="History of the Jews in İzmir">Symirniote</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_African_Sephardim" title="North African Sephardim">North Africa</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Algeria" title="History of the Jews in Algeria">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Jews in Gibraltar">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Libya" title="History of the Jews in Libya">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jews" title="Moroccan Jews">Moroccan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9touan#Jewish_presence" title="Tétouan">Tetuani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia" title="History of the Jews in Tunisia">Tunisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Western Europe and overseas</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Colonial_America" title="History of the Jews in Colonial America">American</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_Jewish_community_in_Antwerp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portuguese Jewish community in Antwerp (page does not exist)">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Aruba" title="History of the Jews in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="History of the Jews in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_arrival_in_New_Amsterdam" title="Jewish arrival in New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Marranos_in_England" title="History of the Marranos in England">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews#History" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Jewish_community_in_Hamburg" title="Portuguese Jewish community in Hamburg">Hamburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_India" title="Sephardic Jews in India">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paradesi_Jews" title="Paradesi Jews">Paradesi Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews#Sephardi_Jews_in_Italy" title="Italian Jews">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Livorno" title="History of the Jews in Livorno">Livornese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bnei_Anusim" title="Sephardic Bnei Anusim">Crypto-Sephardim</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_Jews" title="Amazonian Jews">Amazonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Belmonte" title="History of the Jews in Belmonte">Belmonte Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xuetas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_under_Muslim_rule" title="History of the Jews under Muslim rule">History of the Jews under Muslim rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Antisemitism in the Arab world">Antisemitism in the Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Islam" title="Antisemitism in Islam">Antisemitism in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_Arab_and_Muslim_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries">Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic languages">Judeo-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Portuguese" title="Judaeo-Portuguese">Judaeo-Portuguese</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetuani_Ladino" title="Tetuani Ladino">Tetuani Ladino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagitto" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagitto">Bagitto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Religion and culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Sephardic_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Sephardic Jews">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_music" title="Sephardic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_law_and_customs" title="Sephardic law and customs">Rite and customs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sephardi_chief_rabbis_of_the_Land_of_Israel" title="List of Sephardi chief rabbis of the Land of Israel">Sephardi chief rabbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Haredim" title="Sephardic Haredim">Haredim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panthers_(Israel)" title="Black Panthers (Israel)">Black Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardim_and_Oriental_Communities" title="Sephardim and Oriental Communities">Sephardim and Oriental Communities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major communal organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sephardi_Federation" title="American Sephardi Federation">American Sephardi Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Community_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Community Council">Sephardi Community Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Sephardi_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Sephardi Federation (page does not exist)">World Sephardi Federation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" class="extiw" title="he:הפדרציה הספרדית העולמית">he</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caracas_Center_of_Sephardic_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caracas Center of Sephardic Studies (page does not exist)">Caracas Center of Sephardic Studies</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_de_Estudios_Sefard%C3%ADes_de_Caracas" class="extiw" title="es:Centro de Estudios Sefardíes de Caracas">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundation_for_the_Advancement_of_Sephardic_Studies_and_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture (page does not exist)">Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_Sephardic_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute for Sephardic Studies (page does not exist)">Institute for Sephardic Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosephardism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosephardism (page does not exist)">Philosephardism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosefardismo" class="extiw" title="es:Filosefardismo">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sephardization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sephardization (page does not exist)">Sephardization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&oldid=1249465540">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&oldid=1249465540</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1496_in_Portugal" title="Category:1496 in Portugal">1496 in Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Islam_sentiment_in_Portugal" title="Category:Anti-Islam sentiment in Portugal">Anti-Islam sentiment in Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism_in_Portugal" title="Category:Antisemitism in Portugal">Antisemitism in Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_cleansing_in_Europe" title="Category:Ethnic cleansing in Europe">Ethnic cleansing in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Expulsions_of_Jews" title="Category:Expulsions of Jews">Expulsions of Jews</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islam-related_controversies" title="Category:Islam-related controversies">Islam-related controversies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_Portuguese_history" title="Category:Jewish Portuguese history">Jewish Portuguese history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese-Jewish_diaspora" title="Category:Portuguese-Jewish diaspora">Portuguese-Jewish diaspora</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_expulsion_orders" title="Category:Religious expulsion orders">Religious expulsion orders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_Muslims_by_Christians" title="Category:Persecution of Muslims by Christians">Persecution of Muslims by Christians</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 October 2024, at 01:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-9b862","wgBackendResponseTime":165,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.405","walltime":"0.534","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2027,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":48003,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2442,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":51118,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 453.945 1 -total"," 35.77% 162.385 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.52% 115.834 1 Template:Sephardi_Jews_topics"," 23.84% 108.209 1 Template:Navbox"," 17.15% 77.835 1 Template:Short_description"," 13.48% 61.196 11 Template:Sfn"," 11.93% 54.166 1 Template:Cite_journal"," 11.27% 51.139 1 Template:ISBN"," 9.79% 44.429 2 Template:Pagetype"," 8.67% 39.352 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.252","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6690853,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAltabéAltabe1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevos\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrançois_Soyer2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiphshiz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLusa2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuven_Faingold2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoyer2007\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Cite book\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 8,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sephardi Jews topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 11,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-hcptx","timestamp":"20241125100919","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persecution_of_Jews_and_Muslims_by_Manuel_I_of_Portugal","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15138579","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15138579","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-08-26T15:13:20Z","dateModified":"2024-10-05T01:57:41Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/09\/Manuel_-_Epistola_de_victoria_contra_infideles_habita%2C_1507_-_4592250.tif","headline":"expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Portugal"}</script> </body> </html>