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E (2024) “Javier Milei and his Fear-Based Campaign: from the Dirty War to Postmodern Terrorism”. In Advances in Sociology Research. Jared A. Jaworski (ed). Hauppauge, Nova Science Publisher, ISBN 979-89530070-1 The terrorist attacks" /> <title>(PDF) MILEI AND TERRORISM | Maximiliano E. 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E (2024) “Javier Milei and his Fear-Based Campaign: from the Dirty War to Postmodern Terrorism”. In Advances in Sociology Research. Jared A. Jaworski (ed). Hauppauge, Nova Science Publisher, ISBN 979-89530070-1 The terrorist attacks known as 9/11 ignited a new stage of terror that changed geopolitical relationships as never before. Bush´s administration, days later, declared (in a bill) the War on Terror, as a counter-terrorist campaign oriented to eradicate terrorism in the globe. Needless to say, this campaign not only failed but also gave origin to new radicalized cells (like ISIS). Terrorism symbolically operated in the reign of terror which was politically manipulated to demonize some pressure groups or check and balance powers very important for liberal democracy. In the name of liberty, liberal democracy committed its suicide! The present book chapter discusses critically how the fear-based campaign used by American presidents is being emulated by Argentina president Javier Milei in the present. Key Words: Terrorism, Policies, Domestic Politics, Donald Trump, Javier Milei.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Maximiliano E. Korstanje"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-08-29","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2024-01-01","headline":"MILEI AND TERRORISM","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Latin American Studies","Terrorism","Political Science","Political Violence and Terrorism","Politics"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Nova Science","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/123364975/MILEI_AND_TERRORISM","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"palermo"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":123364975,"created_at":"2024-08-29T09:55:27.977-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-08-29T10:22:04.052-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"Korstanje M. E (2024) “Javier Milei and his Fear-Based Campaign: from the Dirty War to Postmodern Terrorism”. In Advances in Sociology Research. Jared A. Jaworski (ed). Hauppauge, Nova Science Publisher, ISBN 979-89530070-1\n\nThe terrorist attacks known as 9/11 ignited a new stage of terror that\nchanged geopolitical relationships as never before. Bush´s\nadministration, days later, declared (in a bill) the War on Terror, as a\ncounter-terrorist campaign oriented to eradicate terrorism in the\nglobe. Needless to say, this campaign not only failed but also gave\norigin to new radicalized cells (like ISIS). Terrorism symbolically\noperated in the reign of terror which was politically manipulated to\ndemonize some pressure groups or check and balance powers very\nimportant for liberal democracy. In the name of liberty, liberal\ndemocracy committed its suicide! The present book chapter\ndiscusses critically how the fear-based campaign used by American\npresidents is being emulated by Argentina president Javier Milei in\nthe present.\nKey Words: Terrorism, Policies, Domestic Politics, Donald\nTrump, Javier Milei. ","publication_date":"2024,,","publication_name":"Nova Science "},"document_type":"book","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"MILEI AND TERRORISM","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [270633]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":117813364,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “MILEI AND TERRORISM”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/117813364/mini_magick20240829-1-mx3f3t.png?1724950637" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">MILEI AND TERRORISM</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="270633" href="https://palermo.academia.edu/MaximilianoEKorstanje"><img alt="Profile image of Maximiliano E. Korstanje" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/270633/56326/18806071/s65_maximiliano_e..korstanje.jpg" />Maximiliano E. Korstanje</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2024, Nova Science </p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Korstanje M. E (2024) “Javier Milei and his Fear-Based Campaign: from the Dirty War to Postmodern Terrorism”. In Advances in Sociology Research. Jared A. Jaworski (ed). Hauppauge, Nova Science Publisher, ISBN 979-89530070-1 The terrorist attacks known as 9/11 ignited a new stage of terror that changed geopolitical relationships as never before. Bush´s administration, days later, declared (in a bill) the War on Terror, as a counter-terrorist campaign oriented to eradicate terrorism in the globe. Needless to say, this campaign not only failed but also gave origin to new radicalized cells (like ISIS). Terrorism symbolically operated in the reign of terror which was politically manipulated to demonize some pressure groups or check and balance powers very important for liberal democracy. In the name of liberty, liberal democracy committed its suicide! The present book chapter discusses critically how the fear-based campaign used by American presidents is being emulated by Argentina president Javier Milei in the present. Key Words: Terrorism, Policies, Domestic Politics, Donald Trump, Javier Milei. </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":117813364,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/123364975/MILEI_AND_TERRORISM"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":117813364,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/123364975/MILEI_AND_TERRORISM"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="117813364" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/123364975/MILEI_AND_TERRORISM" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="84638650" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84638650/MARRERO_ROCHA_I_Soldados_del_terrorismo_global_Los_nuevos_combatientes_extranjeros_Ed_Tecnos_Madrid_2020_216_pp">MARRERO ROCHA, I., Soldados del terrorismo global. Los nuevos combatientes extranjeros, Ed. Tecnos, Madrid, 2020, 216 pp</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54893261" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BeatrizC%C3%B3zarMurillo">Beatriz Cózar Murillo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Paix et Securite Internationales, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"MARRERO ROCHA, I., Soldados del terrorismo global. Los nuevos combatientes extranjeros, Ed. Tecnos, Madrid, 2020, 216 pp","attachmentId":89591089,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84638650/MARRERO_ROCHA_I_Soldados_del_terrorismo_global_Los_nuevos_combatientes_extranjeros_Ed_Tecnos_Madrid_2020_216_pp","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84638650/MARRERO_ROCHA_I_Soldados_del_terrorismo_global_Los_nuevos_combatientes_extranjeros_Ed_Tecnos_Madrid_2020_216_pp"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="25724087" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25724087/Antrocom_Journal_of_Anthropology_The_Globalization_Of_Fear_what_is_terrorism">Antrocom Journal of Anthropology The Globalization Of Fear: what is terrorism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="270633" href="https://palermo.academia.edu/MaximilianoEKorstanje">Maximiliano E. Korstanje</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Though terrorism is not a new issue new radical changes have been brought post 9/11. At some extent, this event caused parallel effects that lasted up to date. In this respect, terrorism and the process of victimization it generates, leads towards the adoption to policies otherwise would be neglected. At the time periphery accepts the allegory of terrorism forged in North, a secret surveillance discourse cemented the hegemony of few over the whole. South America and Argentina have experienced the whip of terrorism in the past. However, these bloody events are blurred into a new allegory produced discursively by main powers post 9/11. In context of suffering hegemony is efficiently manipulated to control the periphery. This exhibits a new trend in geopolitical issues which merits to be studied in next decades</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Antrocom Journal of Anthropology The Globalization Of Fear: what is terrorism","attachmentId":46072748,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25724087/Antrocom_Journal_of_Anthropology_The_Globalization_Of_Fear_what_is_terrorism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25724087/Antrocom_Journal_of_Anthropology_The_Globalization_Of_Fear_what_is_terrorism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="102798517" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102798517/Terrorism_A_Concept_Under_Construction_The_Use_of_the_Term_in_Mexican_Congressional_Debates_in_the_First_Half_of_the_XX_Century">Terrorism - A Concept Under Construction: The Use of the Term in Mexican Congressional Debates in the First Half of the XX Century</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58937636" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lsemboloni">lara semboloni</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper focuses on the perceptions of “terrorism” that Mexican politicians developed in the initial decades of the 20th century, and which definitions did emerge in the Congressional debates. The aim is to assess which events were crucial in shaping an official narrative of the phenomenon, and, in doing so, it will apply the Foucaultian theory, looking at the issue of discontinuity, which provides an analytical key to assess the whens and whys for the emergence of a State-centered discourse on terrorism.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Terrorism - A Concept Under Construction: The Use of the Term in Mexican Congressional Debates in the First Half of the XX Century","attachmentId":102972647,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102798517/Terrorism_A_Concept_Under_Construction_The_Use_of_the_Term_in_Mexican_Congressional_Debates_in_the_First_Half_of_the_XX_Century","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102798517/Terrorism_A_Concept_Under_Construction_The_Use_of_the_Term_in_Mexican_Congressional_Debates_in_the_First_Half_of_the_XX_Century"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="10576068" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10576068/_Terrorism_as_an_Artifact_of_Transition_in_Post_Cold_War_Latin_America">"Terrorism" as an Artifact of Transition in Post-Cold War Latin America</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1724004" href="https://yorku.academia.edu/CarlotaMcAllister">Carlota McAllister</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Oxford Handbook of the History of Terrorism</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter surveys accounts of the nature and causes of violence in four Latin American truth commission reports produced from 1984 to 2003 to examine when and how the terms “terrorist” and “terrorism” are used to describe the continent’s Cold War revolutionary actors. It argues that these terms acquired explanatory value only gradually, in a context marked by the defeat of the armed Left, the emergence of a new global order legitimated by appeals to universal human rights, and the marginalization of other potential descriptors for violence. Invocations of “terrorism” can thus be understood as both indexing and foreclosing social and political tensions left unresolved by the application of transitional justice in Latin America, suggesting that one of the prizes of victory in the Cold War was the power to determine what counts as violence and why.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Terrorism\" as an Artifact of Transition in Post-Cold War Latin America","attachmentId":36546661,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10576068/_Terrorism_as_an_Artifact_of_Transition_in_Post_Cold_War_Latin_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112140238/The_Mode_of_Destruction_Terror_in_Argentina"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="83262092" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83262092/A_Shift_in_the_Paradigm_of_Violence_Non_Governmental_Terrorism_in_Latin_America_since_the_End_of_the_Cold_War">A Shift in the Paradigm of Violence: Non-Governmental Terrorism in Latin America since the End of the Cold War</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36600024" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasFeldmann">Andreas Feldmann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista de ciencia política (Santiago), 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Shift in the Paradigm of Violence: Non-Governmental Terrorism in Latin America since the End of the Cold War","attachmentId":88667033,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83262092/A_Shift_in_the_Paradigm_of_Violence_Non_Governmental_Terrorism_in_Latin_America_since_the_End_of_the_Cold_War","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83262092/A_Shift_in_the_Paradigm_of_Violence_Non_Governmental_Terrorism_in_Latin_America_since_the_End_of_the_Cold_War"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="5724656" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5724656/Jo_Marie_Burt_Quien_habla_es_terrorista_The_Political_Use_of_Fear_in_Fujimoris_Peru_Latin_American_Research_Review_41_3">Jo-Marie Burt - "Quien habla es terrorista": The Political Use of Fear in Fujimori's Peru - Latin American Research Review 41:3</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8312865" href="https://gmu.academia.edu/JoMarieBurt">Jo-Marie Burt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Scholarship on the decade-long rule of Alberto Fujimori emphasizes the surprising popularity and support for Fujimori's rule. This essay, which analyzes the politics of fear in Fujimori's Peru, suggests that this presents a partial view of the nature of Fujimori's authority. Drawing on a Gramscian conceptualization of power, it explains how coercion achieved a consensual façade by manipulating fear and creating a semblance of order in a context of extreme individual and collective insecurity. It traces the roots of this insecurity in the economic crisis and political violence of the 1980s and 1990s, and explains how the Fujimori regime manipulated fear and insecurity to buttress its authoritarian rule. This essay also complements existing studies on Peruvian civil society, which point to economic factors, such as the economic crisis of the 1980s and neoliberal reforms, to explain civil society weakness. This paper explores the political factors that contributed to this process, particularly the deployment of state power to penetrate, control and intimidate civil society. /// La literatura acerca de la década de gobierno de Alberto Fujimori enfatiza la sorpresiva popularidad y amplio apoyo a su orden. Este ensayo, que analiza la política del miedo durante su régimen, sugiere que esta observación presenta una visión parcial de la naturaleza de la autoridad de Fujimori. En base a conceptualizaciones Gramscianas de poder, explica como la coerción adquirió un aspecto consensual a partir de la manipulación del miedo y la creación de un orden ficticio en un contexto de extrema inseguridad individual y colectiva. El ensayo halla las raíces de esta inseguridad en la crisis económica y violencia política de los ochenta y noventa, y explica como el gobierno de Fujimori manipuló el miedo y la inseguridad para fomentar su orden autoritario. Asimismo, este ensayo complementa los estudios disponibles sobre la sociedad civil peruana, los cuales enfatizan factores económicos, como la crisis económica de los ochenta y las reformas neoliberales, en la explicación del debilitamiento de la sociedad civil. Aquí en cambio se exploran los factores políticos que contribuyeron a este proceso, particularmente el uso del poder estatal en la penetración, control e intimidación de la sociedad civil.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Jo-Marie Burt - \"Quien habla es terrorista\": The Political Use of Fear in Fujimori's Peru - Latin American Research Review 41:3","attachmentId":32912930,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5724656/Jo_Marie_Burt_Quien_habla_es_terrorista_The_Political_Use_of_Fear_in_Fujimoris_Peru_Latin_American_Research_Review_41_3","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5724656/Jo_Marie_Burt_Quien_habla_es_terrorista_The_Political_Use_of_Fear_in_Fujimoris_Peru_Latin_American_Research_Review_41_3"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="1810370" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1810370/New_York_Buenos_Aires_Solutions_for_terrorism">New York Buenos Aires, Solutions for terrorism </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="270633" href="https://palermo.academia.edu/MaximilianoEKorstanje">Maximiliano E. Korstanje</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">RESUMO Conceituar o terrorismo é uma questão complicada. Alguns teóricos o definem por seus efeitos, outros por suas causas. No presente artigo, o conceito de terrorismo é baseado na aproximação dialética entre causas e efeitos. Dessa maneira, o caso World Trade Center apresenta-se confrontado com os ataques ocorridos em Buenos Aires em 1992 e 1994. Enquanto este foi apresentado como um ataque à comunidade judaica, aquele foi apresentado pela mídia como uma ofensa à Humanidade. Naturalmente, Argentina e Estados Unidos mantém políticas diversas para lidar com o terrorismo. Em perspectiva, se pode especular que o terrorismo parece ser um assunto profundamente relacionado à mobilidade e ao monopólio da alienação simbólica. Isso suscita uma questão muito interessante, que a literatura especializada ainda não respondeu: por que o 11 de Setembro é mais importante do que outros eventos similares? Nesse contexto, a reflexão proposta visa não só desvendar o quebra-cabeça em torno do terrorismo, mas também discorrer de forma convincente sobre as razões pelas quais o turismo é, economicamente, um pressuposto para o advento do terrorismo e viceversa. Palavras-chave: Turismo. Terrorismo. Economia. Argentina. Estados Unidos ABSTRACT NEY YORK–BUENOS AIRES: Different solutions to the same problem. Terrorism and citizenry. The concept of terrorism seems to be very difficult to define. Some extent, some scholars define terrorism by its effects while others by its causes. The fact is that in this paper the concept of terrorism is based on the dialectic connection between effects and causes. In so doing, the World Trade Center’s case is sharply contrasted to the attacks suffered in Buenos Aires in 1992 and 1994. Whereas the former was framed as an attack to Argentinian Jewish community the former was disseminated by mass-media as an offense to humankind. Of course, Argentina and United States maintain now diverse policies to deal with Keywords: Tourism. Terrorism. Economy. Argentina. United States. 1 Professor do Depto de economia da Universidade de Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2 Criminal Justice Department Buffalo State College, USA MAXIMILIANO E. KORSTANJE, GEOFFREY SKOLL 41 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Revista Rosa dos Ventos, 4(I), p.40-58, jan-jun, 2012. terrorism. In perspective, one might speculate terrorism seems to be a deeper issue related to mobility and the monopoly of symbolic alienation. This begs a more than interesting question that specialized literature has not answered yet: why 9/11 was further important than other similar events? Under such a context, the present conceptual research not only aims to unravel the puzzle around terrorism and tourism but also explain convincingly the reasons why tourism is economically the precondition for the advent of terrorism and vice-versa.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"New York Buenos Aires, Solutions for terrorism ","attachmentId":24990831,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1810370/New_York_Buenos_Aires_Solutions_for_terrorism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1810370/New_York_Buenos_Aires_Solutions_for_terrorism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="49099166" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49099166/Plotting_Fear_The_Uses_of_Terror_in_Peru">Plotting Fear: The Uses of Terror in Peru</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8312865" href="https://gmu.academia.edu/JoMarieBurt">Jo-Marie Burt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NACLA Report on the Americas, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The failure of Peruvian society to fully confront the horrors of the internal armed conflict (1980-2000) is on full display as politicians and media pundits appeal to the "terrorist" label to discredit any opposition figure they deem dangerous to the permanence of the neoliberal model put in place under the dictatorship of Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000). Today Peruvians refer to this as "terroqueo," from the Peruvian slang term for terrorist, "terruco."</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plotting Fear: The Uses of Terror in Peru","attachmentId":67494149,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49099166/Plotting_Fear_The_Uses_of_Terror_in_Peru","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49099166/Plotting_Fear_The_Uses_of_Terror_in_Peru"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":117813364,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":117813364,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_117813364" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://palermo.academia.edu/MaximilianoEKorstanje">Maximiliano E. Korstanje</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"TERRORISM, HOT SPOTS AND CONFLICT-RELATED ISSUES TERRORISM IN A GLOBAL VILLAGE HOW TERRORISM AFFECTS OUR DAILY LIVES","attachmentId":57577413,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37596213/TERRORISM_HOT_SPOTS_AND_CONFLICT_RELATED_ISSUES_TERRORISM_IN_A_GLOBAL_VILLAGE_HOW_TERRORISM_AFFECTS_OUR_DAILY_LIVES","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37596213/TERRORISM_HOT_SPOTS_AND_CONFLICT_RELATED_ISSUES_TERRORISM_IN_A_GLOBAL_VILLAGE_HOW_TERRORISM_AFFECTS_OUR_DAILY_LIVES"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="79320690" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79320690/Da_Silva_R_and_Martini_A_2021_How_has_9_11_changed_the_field_of_Critical_Terrorism_Studies_Main_debates_and_theoretical_advancements_Locus_Revista_de_Hist%C3%B3ria_DOI_10_34019_2594_8296_2021_v27_33772">Da Silva, R., & Martini, A. (2021). How has 9/11 changed the field of Critical Terrorism Studies? Main debates and theoretical advancements. Locus: Revista de História. DOI: 10.34019/2594-8296.2021.v27.33772</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4094403" href="https://iscte-iul.academia.edu/RaqueldaSilva">Raquel da Silva</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4097110" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/AliceMartini">Alice Martini</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Da Silva, R., \u0026 Martini, A. (2021). How has 9/11 changed the field of Critical Terrorism Studies? Main debates and theoretical advancements. Locus: Revista de História. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/44361523/Terrorism_that_haunting_concept_When_the_lack_of_a_consensual_definition_of_terrorism_in_the_Mercosur_area_becomes_a_threat_">Terrorism: that haunting concept (When the lack of a consensual definition of terrorism in the Mercosur area becomes a threat)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6734694" href="https://mdp.academia.edu/FavioFarinella">Favio Farinella</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Legal Courier (Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian Federation), 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Terrorism: that haunting concept (When the lack of a consensual definition of terrorism in the Mercosur area becomes a 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class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106920157/State_Terrorism_in_Latin_America_Chile_Argentina_and_International_Human_Rights">State Terrorism in Latin America: Chile, Argentina, and International Human Rights</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3422844" href="https://stthomasu.academia.edu/KarenRobert">Karen Robert</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Hispanic American Historical Review, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"State Terrorism in Latin America: Chile, Argentina, and International Human 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href="https://www.academia.edu/3294383/Recovering_from_State_Terror_The_Morning_After_in_Latin_America">Recovering from State Terror: The Morning After in Latin America</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3807177" href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/AlisonBrysk">Alison Brysk</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Latin American Research Review, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Recovering from State Terror: The Morning After in Latin America","attachmentId":50359790,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3294383/Recovering_from_State_Terror_The_Morning_After_in_Latin_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3294383/Recovering_from_State_Terror_The_Morning_After_in_Latin_America"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="88356879" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88356879/The_state_terrorism_and_national_security_discourse_forging_the_state_in_a_time_of_terror_in_the_face_of_fear">The state, terrorism, and national security discourse : forging the state in a time of terror, in the face of fear</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="220657456" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosephCampos33">Joseph Campos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The state, terrorism, and national security discourse : forging the state in a time of terror, in the face of fear","attachmentId":92344819,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88356879/The_state_terrorism_and_national_security_discourse_forging_the_state_in_a_time_of_terror_in_the_face_of_fear","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a 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In: Critique de la Sécurité: Accumulation Capitaliste et Pacification Sociale. Eterotopia, Paris 2017</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10341816" href="https://northumbria.academia.edu/ChristosBoukalas">Christos Boukalas</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"English version: L’ANTITERRORISME, ENTRE ÉTATISME AUTORITAIRE ET CAPTATION DE L’AVENIR. In: Critique de la Sécurité: Accumulation Capitaliste et Pacification Sociale. 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translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="47384701" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47384701/The_Ethic_of_Terror_in_Radical_Democracy">The Ethic of Terror in Radical Democracy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="850434" href="https://ucriverside.academia.edu/JacquesLezra">Jacques Lezra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Ethic of Terror in Radical 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href="https://www.academia.edu/96021340/Metamorfose_do_Terrorismo">Metamorfose do Terrorismo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6254406" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnselmoDias">Anselmo Dias</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Metamorfose do Terrorismo","attachmentId":98036570,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96021340/Metamorfose_do_Terrorismo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96021340/Metamorfose_do_Terrorismo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="25499438" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25499438/Crossing_the_Americas_The_U_S_War_on_Terror_and_Arab_Cross_Border_Mobilizations_in_a_South_American_Frontier_Region">Crossing the Americas: The U.S. ‘War on Terror’ and Arab Cross-Border Mobilizations in a South American Frontier Region</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49025337" href="https://illinois.academia.edu/JohnKaram">John Karam</a></div><div 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class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="28468044" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28468044/Ideological_and_Racial_Constructions_of_The_War_on_Terror">Ideological and Racial Constructions of The War on Terror</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53390448" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanRhein">Jonathan Rhein</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ideological and 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