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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pools-Litause Gemenebes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 93 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen-Litauen" title="Polen-Litauen – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Polen-Litauen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_d%27as_Dos_Nacions" title="Republica d'as Dos Nacions – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica d'as Dos Nacions" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="الكومنولث البولندي الليتواني – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكومنولث البولندي الليتواني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="الكومنولث البولندى الليتوانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكومنولث البولندى الليتوانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_les_Dos_Naciones" title="República de les Dos Naciones – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República de les Dos Naciones" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C3%A7_Pospolita" title="Reç Pospolita – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Reç Pospolita" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="لهیستان-لیتوانی بیرلیگی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لهیستان-لیتوانی بیرلیگی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Речь Посполитая – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Речь Посполитая" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidv%C4%97ju_Taut%C5%AB_Respobl%C4%97ka" title="Abidvėju Tautū Respoblėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Abidvėju Tautū Respoblėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Рэч Паспалітая – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэч Паспалітая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Рэч Паспалітая – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэч Паспалітая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Жечпосполита – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жечпосполита" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_an_Div_Vroad" title="Republik an Div Vroad – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik an Div Vroad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljsko-Litvanska_Unija" title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3_de_Pol%C3%B2nia_i_Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Confederació de Polònia i Lituània – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Confederació de Polònia i Lituània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C3%A7_Pospolita" title="Jeç Pospolita – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Jeç Pospolita" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsko-litevsk%C3%A1_unie_(1569%E2%80%931795)" title="Polsko-litevská unie (1569–1795) – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polsko-litevská unie (1569–1795)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Gymanwlad_Bwylaidd%E2%80%93Lithwanaidd" title="Y Gymanwlad Bwylaidd–Lithwanaidd – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Gymanwlad Bwylaidd–Lithwanaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_polsk-litauiske_realunion" title="Den polsk-litauiske realunion – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den polsk-litauiske realunion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen-Litauen" title="Polen-Litauen – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polen-Litauen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Dweju_Narodowu" title="Republika Dweju Narodowu – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Republika Dweju Narodowu" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE-%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πολωνική-Λιθουανική Κοινοπολιτεία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολωνική-Λιθουανική Κοινοπολιτεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respubliko_de_Amba%C5%AD_Nacioj" title="Respubliko de Ambaŭ Nacioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Respubliko de Ambaŭ Nacioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_las_Dos_Naciones" title="República de las Dos Naciones – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República de las Dos Naciones" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzeczpospolita" title="Rzeczpospolita – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rzeczpospolita" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi_Nazioen_Errepublika" title="Bi Nazioen Errepublika – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bi Nazioen Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%93%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مشترک‌المنافع لهستان–لیتوانی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مشترک‌المنافع لهستان–لیتوانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puola-Liettua" title="Puola-Liettua – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puola-Liettua" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola-Leedu_riik" title="Poola-Leedu riik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Poola-Leedu riik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_des_Deux_Nations" title="République des Deux Nations – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République des Deux Nations" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poalsk-Litouske_Mienebest" title="Poalsk-Litouske Mienebest – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Poalsk-Litouske Mienebest" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhlathas_na_Polainne_-_na_Liotu%C3%A1ine" title="Comhlathas na Polainne - na Liotuáine – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhlathas na Polainne - na Liotuáine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-fhlaitheas_na_P%C3%B2lainn_-_Liotu%C3%A0inia" title="Co-fhlaitheas na Pòlainn - Liotuàinia – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Co-fhlaitheas na Pòlainn - Liotuàinia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancomunidade_de_Polonia_e_Lituania" title="Mancomunidade de Polonia e Lituania – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mancomunidade de Polonia e Lituania" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99-%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99" title="האיחוד הפולני-ליטאי – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האיחוד הפולני-ליטאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljsko-Litavska_Unija" title="Poljsko-Litavska Unija – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poljsko-Litavska Unija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lsko-Litawska" title="Pólsko-Litawska – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pólsko-Litawska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B9_%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Ռեչ Պոսպոլիտա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեչ Պոսպոլիտա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persemakmuran_Polandia-Lituania" title="Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia-Lituania" title="Polonia-Lituania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Polonia-Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lsk-lit%C3%A1%C3%ADska_samveldi%C3%B0" title="Pólsk-litáíska samveldið – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pólsk-litáíska samveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederazione_polacco-lituana" title="Confederazione polacco-lituana – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Confederazione polacco-lituana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="ポーランド・リトアニア共和国 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランド・リトアニア共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="პოლონეთ-ლიტვის თანამეგობრობა – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონეთ-ლიტვის თანამეგობრობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C-%EB%A6%AC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="폴란드-리투아니아 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드-리투아니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Речь Посполита – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Речь Посполита" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Речь посполита – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Речь посполита" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_Publica_Utriusque_Nationis" title="Res Publica Utriusque Nationis – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res Publica Utriusque Nationis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiej%C5%B3_Taut%C5%B3_Respublika" title="Abiejų Tautų Respublika – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abiejų Tautų Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolejis-L%C4%ABtovys_Sadraudzeiba" title="Puolejis-Lītovys Sadraudzeiba – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Puolejis-Lītovys Sadraudzeiba" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polijas%E2%80%94Lietuvas_%C5%ABnija" title="Polijas—Lietuvas ūnija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Polijas—Lietuvas ūnija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Полско-литванска Државна Заедница – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полско-литванска Државна Заедница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="पोलिश-लिथुएनियन राष्ट्रकुल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलिश-लिथुएनियन राष्ट्रकुल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komanwel_Poland%E2%80%93Lithuania" title="Komanwel Poland–Lithuania – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komanwel Poland–Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9" title="لهستون-لیتوانی مشترک‌المنافع – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لهستون-لیتوانی مشترک‌المنافع" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="पोलिश-लिथुआनियन कमनवेल्थ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोलिश-लिथुआनियन कमनवेल्थ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools-Litouwse_Gemenebest" title="Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_polsk-litauiske_samveldet" title="Det polsk-litauiske samveldet – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det polsk-litauiske samveldet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen-Litauen" title="Polen-Litauen – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polen-Litauen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_las_Doas_Nacions" title="Republica de las Doas Nacions – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica de las Doas Nacions" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Речь Посполитæ – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Речь Посполитæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzeczpospolita_Obojga_Narod%C3%B3w" title="Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88-%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%81" title="پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89_-_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AF_%DA%AB%DA%89%D9%88_%DA%AB%D9%BC%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="د پولينډ - ليتوانيا د ګډو ګټو دولت – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د پولينډ - ليتوانيا د ګډو ګټو دولت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_das_Duas_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="República das Duas Nações – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República das Duas Nações" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniunea_statal%C4%83_polono-lituanian%C4%83" title="Uniunea statală polono-lituaniană – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uniunea statală polono-lituaniană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Речь Посполитая – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Речь Посполитая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(1569%E2%80%931795)" title="Польско-литовска уния (1569–1795) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Польско-литовска уния (1569–1795)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunfederatzione_Polacu-Lituana" title="Cunfederatzione Polacu-Lituana – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cunfederatzione Polacu-Lituana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljsko-Litvanska_Unija" title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E2%80%93%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="පෝලන්ත–ලිතුවේනියානු පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෝලන්ත–ලිතුවේනියානු පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_oboch_n%C3%A1rodov" title="Republika oboch národov – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Republika oboch národov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_obeh_narodov" title="Republika obeh narodov – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Republika obeh narodov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komonuelthi_Polako-Lituanez" title="Komonuelthi Polako-Lituanez – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Komonuelthi Polako-Lituanez" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Државна заједница Пољске и Литваније – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Државна заједница Пољске и Литваније" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk-litauiska_samv%C3%A4ldet" title="Polsk-litauiska samväldet – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polsk-litauiska samväldet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="போலந்து-லித்துவேனியா பொதுநலவாயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போலந்து-லித்துவேனியா பொதுநலவாயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="เครือจักรภพโปแลนด์–ลิทัวเนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครือจักรภพโปแลนด์–ลิทัวเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya-Litvanya_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Polonya-Litvanya Birliği – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polonya-Litvanya Birliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C3%A7_Pospolita" title="Reç Pospolita – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Reç Pospolita" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Річ Посполита – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річ Посполита" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88-%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%81" title="پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rech_Pospolita" title="Rech Pospolita – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rech Pospolita" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederasion_po%C5%82aco-lituana" title="Confederasion połaco-lituana – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Confederasion połaco-lituana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_bang_Ba_Lan_v%C3%A0_Lietuva" title="Liên bang Ba Lan và Lietuva – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên bang Ba Lan và Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komonwelt_han_Polonya-Lituania" title="Komonwelt han Polonya-Lituania – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Komonwelt han Polonya-Lituania" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="波兰立陶宛 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波兰立陶宛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A9_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="რეჩ პოსპოლიტა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რეჩ პოსპოლიტა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-l%C3%A2n_Lietuva" title="Pho-lân Lietuva – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-lân Lietuva" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172107#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><div style="background: var(--background-color-base); color: var(--color-base); float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: auto; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;"> <div style="border:1px solid #ccd2d9; width:24.5em; background: var(--background-color-base); color: var(--color-base); text-align:left; padding:0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; text-align:center;"> <table style="v.C.transparent; text-align:left; table-layout:auto; border-collapse:collapse; padding:0; font-size:100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <caption style="margin-left:inherit; font-size:135%; padding-bottom:0.5em; line-height:1.1em;"> <b>Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów<br />Abiejų Tautų Respublika</b><br /> <b>Pools-Litause Gemenebes</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9"> <table width="275" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:var(--background-color-base); color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Groothertogdom_van_Litaue" class="mw-redirect" title="Groothertogdom van Litaue">←</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/45px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/60px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="320" /></a></span><br /> </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-base); color: var(--color-base); vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:105%;"><b><a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a> – <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a></b> </td> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_(1750-1801).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Koninkryk_Pruise" title="Koninkryk Pruise">→</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russiese_Ryk" title="Russiese Ryk">→</a><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:var(--background-color-base); color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="border:1px solid #bbbbbb; display:table-cell;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag"><img alt="Vlag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg/125px-Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg/188px-Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg/250px-Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></span> </td> <td width="50%" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Polish_House_of_Vasa_Coa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapenskild"><img alt="Wapenskild" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Polish_House_of_Vasa_Coa.svg/100px-Polish_House_of_Vasa_Coa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Polish_House_of_Vasa_Coa.svg/150px-Polish_House_of_Vasa_Coa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Polish_House_of_Vasa_Coa.svg/200px-Polish_House_of_Vasa_Coa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1012" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <td style="border:0; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vlag" title="Vlag">Vlag</a> </td> <td style="border:0; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Wapen_(heraldiek)" title="Wapen (heraldiek)">Wapen</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/Leuse" title="Leuse">Leuse</a>: Si Deus Nobiscum quis contra nos </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; font-size:95%; padding:0.4em 0 0.4em 0"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging of Pole-Litaue"><img alt="Ligging of Pole-Litaue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Ligging of Pole-Litaue</figcaption></figure><small>Ligging van die Pools-Litause Gemenebes</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><b><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstad</a></b> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="/wiki/Krakow" title="Krakow">Krakow</a> (1569-1596)<br /><a href="/wiki/Warskou" title="Warskou">Warskou</a> (1596-1795) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b>Taal/Tale</b> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="/wiki/Pools" title="Pools">Pools</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Litaus" title="Litaus">Litaus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Regering" title="Regering">Regering</a></b> </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Monargie" title="Monargie">Monargie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b>Historiese tydperk</b> </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top;">Nuwe Tyd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top"> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unie_van_Lublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unie van Lublin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Unie van Lublin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/12_Augustus" title="12 Augustus">12 Augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top"> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derde_poolse_verdeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derde poolse verdeling (bladsy bestaan nie)">Derde poolse verdeling</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/24_Oktober" title="24 Oktober">24 Oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b>Oppervlakte</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"> - 1582</td> <td>815 000 km<sup>2</sup> <br />314 673 sq mi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"> - 1618</td> <td>1 153 465 km<sup>2</sup> <br />445 355 sq mi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"> - 1772</td> <td>729 900 km<sup>2</sup> <br />281 816 sq mi </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding:0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"><b>Bevolking</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top"> - 1582 skatting</td> <td>6 500 000  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align:top">     <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a></td> <td>8 /km² <br />20,7 /sq mi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top"> - 1618 skatting</td> <td>10 500 000  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align:top">     <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a></td> <td>9,1 /km² <br />23,6 /sq mi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top"> - 1772 skatting</td> <td>12 000 000  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0em 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align:top">     <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a></td> <td>16,4 /km² <br />42,6 /sq mi </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> </div> <p>Die <b>Pools-Litause Gemenebes</b> (<a href="/wiki/Pools" title="Pools">Pools</a>: <i>Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów</i>, <a href="/wiki/Litaus" title="Litaus">Litaus</a>; <i>Abiejų Tautų Respublika</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roeteens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roeteens (bladsy bestaan nie)">Roeteens</a>: Рѣчъ посполитая ѡбоига народовъ, <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a>: <i>Regnum Poloniae Magnusque Ducatus Lithuaniae</i>), soms ook die (Eerste) <b>Rzeczpospolita</b> genoem, het tussen 1569 en 1795 in Sentraal- en Oos-Europa bestaan. Sy amptelike naam was <i>Gemenebes</i> (of Adelsrepubliek) <i>van die Poolse Kroon en die Grootvorstedom Litaue</i> (Pools <i>Rzeczpospolita Korony Polskiej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego</i>, Litaus <i>Žečpospolita</i>). </p><p>Die twee naamgewende lande was die Koninkryk Pole (wat in Pools dikwels net <i>Korona</i>, "die Kroon", genoem is) en die <a href="/wiki/Grootvorstedom_Litaue" class="mw-redirect" title="Grootvorstedom Litaue">Grootvorstedom Litaue</a>. Tydens sy grootste uitbreiding omstreeks 1600 het die Gemenebes die huidige staatsgebiede van <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wit-Rusland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wit-Rusland">Wit-Rusland</a> asook dele van <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a> ingesluit. </p><p>Die Gemenebes was 'n veelvolkerestaat wat deur aanhangers van verskillende gelowe bewoon is: Rooms-Katolieke, Protestantse en Ortodokse Christene, Jode en Moslems. </p><p>Met die sogenaamde reële unie het die Grootvorstedom Litaue, die Koninkryk Pole, die Koninklike Pruise en die Hertogdom Lyfland tot 'n gemeenskaplike staat saamgesmelt. Terwyl ook die landelike gebiede van die Koninklike Pruise deur Poolse <i>staroste</i> bestuur is, het sommige stede, waaronder Danzig (<a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>), Thorn (<a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a>) en Elbing (Elbląg), maar ook die Vorsbisdom Ermland 'n hoë mate van outonomie geniet. Ander geweste het slegs as leengebiede onder Pools-Litause heerskappy gestaan, soos byvoorbeeld die Hertogdom Pruise, die Hertogdom Koerland en Semgallen en (tydelik) die Vorstedom Moldawië. Die Pools-Litause Gemenebes het daarnaas tot en met 1772 ook die stede van die Zips-streek ingesluit wat in 1421 deur die Koninkryk Hongarye as onderpand aan die Koninkryk Pole gegee is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_Reële_Unie_van_Lublin"><span id="Die_Re.C3.ABle_Unie_van_Lublin"></span>Die Reële Unie van Lublin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pools-Litause_Gemenebes&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Reële Unie van Lublin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pools-Litause_Gemenebes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Die Reële Unie van Lublin"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Rzeczpospolita2nar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rzeczpospolita2nar.png/220px-Rzeczpospolita2nar.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rzeczpospolita2nar.png/330px-Rzeczpospolita2nar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rzeczpospolita2nar.png/440px-Rzeczpospolita2nar.png 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van die Pools-Litause Gemenebes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny_I_RP.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny_I_RP.png/220px-Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny_I_RP.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny_I_RP.png/330px-Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny_I_RP.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny_I_RP.png/440px-Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny_I_RP.png 2x" data-file-width="3535" data-file-height="3103" /></a><figcaption>Distrikte van die Pools-Litause Gemenebes</figcaption></figure> <p>Met die Unie van Lublin, wat op 12 Augustus 1569 gesluit is, is die oorspronklike personele unie tussen Pole en Litaue, wat met die Unie van Krewo in 1385 ontstaan het, weens die gebrek aan 'n troonopvolger in 'n reële unie omgeskep. Die nuwe staat, wat "Gemenebes van albei Nasies" genoem is, was 'n keurmonargie met 'n gemeenskaplike geldeenheid, parlement (die <i>Sejm</i>) en monarg. </p><p>Die stemreg was beperk tot adellikes, wat egter in teenstelling met die meeste ander destydse Europese state ruim tien persent van die totale bevolking verteenwoordig het. Die Poolse adel het uit 'n hoër (die Magnate) en 'n laer adelsklas (<i><a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">Szlachta</a></i>) bestaan. Vanweë sy aristokratiese elemente (die Gemenebes was 'n keurmonargie waarin die adellike parlement groot invloed uitgeoefen het) word na Pole-Litaue dikwels ook as "adelsrepubliek" verwys. Die staat het tot en met 1795 bestaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etniese_en_kulturele_basis">Etniese en kulturele basis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pools-Litause_Gemenebes&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Etniese en kulturele basis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pools-Litause_Gemenebes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Etniese en kulturele basis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Pools-Litause Gemenebes was tegelykertyd 'n nasie en 'n multi-etniese samelewing - twee kenmerke wat skynbaar teenstrydig is. In die vroeë moderne tydperk was "nasie" egter nie soseer 'n etniese term nie, maar is eerder in 'n politieke betekenis gebruik om na die republiek se <i>corpus politicum</i> of die gemeenskap van (adellike) staatsburgers, of die stande wat hulle verteenwoordig het, te verwys.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In die Unie van Lublin het die volke, of die stande-kommuniteite van die Poolse Kroon en die Grootvorstedom Litaue, hulle tot een nasie saamgesluit. Die adel van die Gemenebes het homself as 'n nasionale gemeenskap beskou wat deur gemeenskaplike voorregte en gemeenskaplike politieke waardes met mekaar verbind was, al was hulle van uiteenlopende etniese afkoms, het hulle verskillende tale gepraat en was hulle aanhangers van verskillende gelowe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pools-Litause_Gemenebes&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pools-Litause_Gemenebes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolf Jaworski, Christian Lübke en Michael G. Müller (reds.): <i>Eine kleine Geschichte Polens</i>. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 2000, bl. 229</span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geskiedenis_van_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Geskiedenis_van_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Geskiedenis van Europa"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:Geskiedenis_van_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Geskiedenis van Europa (bladsy bestaan nie)"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none 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Ryk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laat_oudheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laat oudheid (bladsy bestaan nie)">Laat oudheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vroe%C3%AB_Middeleeue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vroeë Middeleeue (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vroeë Middeleeue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groot_Volksverhuising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groot Volksverhuising (bladsy bestaan nie)">Groot Volksverhuising</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerstening&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerstening (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kerstening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankiese_Ryk" title="Frankiese Ryk">Frankiese Ryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisantynse_Ryk" title="Bisantynse Ryk">Bisantynse Ryk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritieme_Republieke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritieme Republieke (bladsy bestaan nie)">Maritieme Republieke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vikingtydperk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vikingtydperk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vikingtydperk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%C3%ABf-Roes" title="Kiëf-Roes">Kiëf-Roes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilige_Romeinse_Ryk" title="Heilige Romeinse Ryk">Heilige Romeinse Ryk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho%C3%AB_Middeleeue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoë Middeleeue (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hoë Middeleeue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodalisme" title="Feodalisme">Feodalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruistog" title="Kruistog">Kruistogte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongoolse_inval_van_Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongoolse inval van Europa">Mongoolse inval</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laat_Middeleeue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laat Middeleeue (bladsy bestaan nie)">Laat Middeleeue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honderdjarige_Oorlog" title="Honderdjarige Oorlog">Honderdjarige Oorlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmarunie" title="Kalmarunie">Kalmarunie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vroegmoderne_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vroegmoderne Europa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vroegmoderne</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestantse_Hervorming" title="Protestantse Hervorming">Reformasie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teenhervorming" title="Teenhervorming">Teenhervorming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontdekkingstydperk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontdekkingstydperk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ontdekkingstydperk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">Barok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dertigjarige_Oorlog" title="Dertigjarige Oorlog">Dertigjarige Oorlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monargie" title="Absolute monargie">Absolute monargie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk">Ottomaanse Ryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugese_Ryk" title="Portugese Ryk">Portugese Ryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaanse_Ryk" title="Spaanse Ryk">Spaanse Ryk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vroegmoderne_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vroegmoderne Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vroegmoderne Frankryk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pools-Litause Gemenebes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sweedse_Ryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sweedse Ryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sweedse Ryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republiek_van_die_Sewe_Verenigde_Nederlande" title="Republiek van die Sewe Verenigde Nederlande">Republiek van die Sewe Verenigde Nederlande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britse_Ryk" title="Britse Ryk">Britse Ryk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Habsburgse_monargie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habsburgse monargie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Habsburgse monargie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russiese_Ryk" title="Russiese Ryk">Russiese Ryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verligting" title="Verligting">Verligting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groot_Divergensie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groot Divergensie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Groot Divergensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industri%C3%ABle_Revolusie" title="Industriële Revolusie">Industriële Revolusie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franse_Rewolusie" title="Franse Rewolusie">Franse Rewolusie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleontiese_Oorlo%C3%AB" title="Napoleontiese Oorloë">Napoleontiese Oorloë</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opkoms_van_nasionalisme_in_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opkoms van nasionalisme in Europa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Nasionalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolusiejaar_1848" title="Revolusiejaar 1848">Revolusies van 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russiese_Rewolusie_(1917)" title="Russiese Rewolusie (1917)">Russiese Rewolusie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tussenoorlogse_tydperk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tussenoorlogse tydperk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tussenoorlogse tydperk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koue_Oorlog" title="Koue Oorlog">Koue Oorlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sien ook</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westerse_kuns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westerse kuns (bladsy bestaan nie)">Westerse kuns</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetiese_geskiedenis_van_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetiese geskiedenis van Europa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Genetiese geskiedenis van Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geskiedenis_van_die_Middellandse_Seegebied&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geskiedenis van die Middellandse Seegebied (bladsy bestaan nie)">Geskiedenis van die Middellandse Seegebied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geskiedenis_van_die_Europese_Parlement" title="Geskiedenis van die Europese Parlement">Geskiedenis van die Europese Unie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geskiedenis_van_Westerse_beskawing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geskiedenis van Westerse beskawing (bladsy bestaan nie)">Geskiedenis van Westerse beskawing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritieme_geskiedenis_van_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritieme geskiedenis van Europa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Maritieme geskiedenis van Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milit%C3%AAre_geskiedenis_van_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militêre geskiedenis van Europa (bladsy bestaan nie)">Militêre geskiedenis van Europa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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