CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="+ADsvgFWZzcshTMLHMepJHNFUxnQRJpQrTUdF0S5MFVHgFvdJZuAZutqxmMDKFn5Ipzch1jHY9wsSPZMLybwFg==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Wealth as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Welfare: Islamic Views" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Palgrave Studies in Islamic Banking, Finance, and Economics" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Asad Zaman" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Arif Naveed" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Atiq ur Rehman" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="189-205" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2662-5121" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/67483116/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Welfare_Islamic_Views" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Wealth as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Welfare: Islamic Views" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="According to western views, wealth is unambiguously good, and so human welfare is positive when wealth is in excess of needs, and negative if it is less. Islam has a substantially more sophisticated view of the relation between wealth and welfare." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/61271635/22028770/21274142/s200_arif.naveed.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/67483116/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Welfare_Islamic_Views" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Wealth as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Welfare: Islamic Views" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="According to western views, wealth is unambiguously good, and so human welfare is positive when wealth is in excess of needs, and negative if it is less. Islam has a substantially more sophisticated view of the relation between wealth and welfare." /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/ArifNaveed3" /> <meta name="description" content="According to western views, wealth is unambiguously good, and so human welfare is positive when wealth is in excess of needs, and negative if it is less. Islam has a substantially more sophisticated view of the relation between wealth and welfare." /> <title>(PDF) Wealth as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Welfare: Islamic Views | Arif Naveed - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/83249405/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Welfare_Islamic_Views" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732467850000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732467850000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"According to western views, wealth is unambiguously good, and so human welfare is positive when wealth is in excess of needs, and negative if it is less. Islam has a substantially more sophisticated view of the relation between wealth and welfare. Excess wealth is a trial, which can bring great rewards if utilized correctly, and also bring great harm if utilized incorrectly. Similarly, poverty is a trail which can bring great rewards if borne with patience and prayer, and also cause great harm if it leads to begging from others. Thus there is no clear and simple relationship between wealth and welfare. This means that Islamic approaches to constructing an index for welfare must be substantially more complicated than those currently in use in the west. It is worth considering the reasons for undertaking the project of measurement and assessing what needs to be measured, and whether measurement itself is necessary, for achieving these goals?","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Arif Naveed"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-01-07","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2019-01-01","headline":"Wealth as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Welfare: Islamic Views","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Economics"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Palgrave Studies in Islamic Banking, Finance, and Economics","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Palgrave Studies in Islamic Banking, Finance, and Economics"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/67483116/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Welfare_Islamic_Views","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "99c0e16128f05e5628fabc42299f82400f19e246a9ab390843e91aa90268e120", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="4Z6xFSG0Ke58sUHxQUyV8AP192PwHl9+UIKYTP99h8teHgZ2BXnOv7tetJleo2UtUix4/XidpvLR/3MXlOJHiA==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/67483116/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Welfare_Islamic_Views" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="exErZTAs66KcQu371mB9tloZCOpCgGysoXkZNg8cZRHEkZwGFOEM81utGJPJj41rC8CHdMoDlSAgBPJtZIOlUg==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-bf3d831cde46cd0e142f29f81a3fc4ce5ab45a404c10c12a480e83de68aff851.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 61271635; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F67483116%2FWealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Welfare_Islamic_Views%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F67483116%2FWealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Welfare_Islamic_Views%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":78282986,"identifier":"Attachment_78282986","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":67483116,"created_at":"2022-01-07T00:20:57.589-08:00","from_world_paper_id":190986862,"updated_at":"2022-01-07T00:43:00.928-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"According to western views, wealth is unambiguously good, and so human welfare is positive when wealth is in excess of needs, and negative if it is less. Islam has a substantially more sophisticated view of the relation between wealth and welfare. Excess wealth is a trial, which can bring great rewards if utilized correctly, and also bring great harm if utilized incorrectly. Similarly, poverty is a trail which can bring great rewards if borne with patience and prayer, and also cause great harm if it leads to begging from others. Thus there is no clear and simple relationship between wealth and welfare. This means that Islamic approaches to constructing an index for welfare must be substantially more complicated than those currently in use in the west. It is worth considering the reasons for undertaking the project of measurement and assessing what needs to be measured, and whether measurement itself is necessary, for achieving these goals?","publisher":"Palgrave Studies in Islamic Banking, Finance, and Economics","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"Palgrave Studies in Islamic Banking, Finance, and Economics"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Wealth as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Welfare: Islamic Views","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [61271635]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":78282986,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Wealth as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Welfare: Islamic Views”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/78282986/mini_magick20220107-25576-1r2wrlx.png?1641543699" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Wealth as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Welfare: Islamic Views</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61271635" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArifNaveed3"><img alt="Profile image of Arif Naveed" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/61271635/22028770/21274142/s65_arif.naveed.jpg" />Arif Naveed</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, Palgrave Studies in Islamic Banking, Finance, and Economics</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">According to western views, wealth is unambiguously good, and so human welfare is positive when wealth is in excess of needs, and negative if it is less. Islam has a substantially more sophisticated view of the relation between wealth and welfare. Excess wealth is a trial, which can bring great rewards if utilized correctly, and also bring great harm if utilized incorrectly. Similarly, poverty is a trail which can bring great rewards if borne with patience and prayer, and also cause great harm if it leads to begging from others. Thus there is no clear and simple relationship between wealth and welfare. This means that Islamic approaches to constructing an index for welfare must be substantially more complicated than those currently in use in the west. It is worth considering the reasons for undertaking the project of measurement and assessing what needs to be measured, and whether measurement itself is necessary, for achieving these goals?</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":78282986,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/67483116/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Welfare_Islamic_Views"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":78282986,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/67483116/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Welfare_Islamic_Views"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="78282986" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/67483116/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Welfare_Islamic_Views" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="86726062" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86726062/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Development_Islamic_Views">Wealth as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Development: Islamic Views</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2335438" href="https://pide.academia.edu/AsadZaman">Asad Zaman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wealth as an Indicator of Socio-Economic Development: Islamic Views","attachmentId":91113820,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86726062/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Development_Islamic_Views","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86726062/Wealth_as_an_Indicator_of_Socio_Economic_Development_Islamic_Views"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="68886241" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68886241/Wealth_and_Poverty_Islamic_Economic_Thought">Wealth and Poverty: Islamic Economic Thought</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="76137569" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AymanReda17">Ayman Reda</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter contributes a unique perspective to this debate, by examining the Islamic position on the relationship between wealth and poverty, and the implications of this position with respect to modern economic theory and policy. The perspective presented, inspired largely by the philosophical and economic thought of Muhammad Baqir As-Sadr, highlights the perennial struggle between the prophets of religion on the one hand, and the wealthy and ruling classes on the other, and the ensuing historical and social consequences of this encounter.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wealth and Poverty: Islamic Economic Thought","attachmentId":80443276,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68886241/Wealth_and_Poverty_Islamic_Economic_Thought","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68886241/Wealth_and_Poverty_Islamic_Economic_Thought"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="103644043" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103644043/The_Definition_and_Measurement_of_Poverty_An_Integrated_Islamic_Approach">The Definition and Measurement of Poverty: An Integrated Islamic Approach</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="243326796" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeerzadeSayed">Sayed Peerzade</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Pakistan Development Review, 1997</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this paper an attempt is made to learn as to how the Islamic shariah defines and measures the phenomenon of poverty. A systematic study of the Qur’an, the traditions of Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the conduct of righteous caliphs, and the writings of early Muslim jurists would make it clear that the poor, indigent, and destitute are given adequate importance. The early Islamic state, where necessary, made serious efforts to assist and rehabilitate the poor and the needy. One of the means of assistance and rehabilitation was zakat. The disbursement of zakat funds required that the poor should be unambiguously and convincingly separated from the non-poor. How was it done in the past? Traditions of the Prophet (the sunnah) throw sufficient light on this issue. When we carefully go through the traditions, it would be clear that the explanation of poverty as given by the Prophet is dynamic. It defies time and space limitations. A deeper probe of the traditions would rev...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Definition and Measurement of Poverty: An Integrated Islamic Approach","attachmentId":103597464,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103644043/The_Definition_and_Measurement_of_Poverty_An_Integrated_Islamic_Approach","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103644043/The_Definition_and_Measurement_of_Poverty_An_Integrated_Islamic_Approach"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="67777743" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67777743/Zakah_index_Islamic_economics_welfare_measurement">Zakah index: Islamic economics’ welfare measurement</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5219222" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KumaraKusuma">Kumara A Kusuma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Zakah is one of the five pillars of Islam. Compared to the other pillars, Zakah intersects with most the human dimensions: spiritual, individual, social, economic, and is quantifiable. Zakah also fulfills all of the aspect of the Maqa&gt;s}id al-Shari&gt;‘ah that preserves public interests (maslahah). This paper argues that the lack of full observance of the objectives of the obligation in performing Zakah, which is intended to increase the welfare/wellbeing of the society, makes Islamic Economics as a discipline completely ineffective and inefficient in performing its essential characteristics in fulfilling the Maqa&gt;s}id al-Shari&gt;‘ah. The expected outcome of this study is Zakah Index that will represents the monitoring of Zakah payment in Islamic or Muslim populated country, hence providing academics, students, society, and policy maker in Islamic or Muslim populated country an alternative measurement of economic progress, instead of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The method u...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Zakah index: Islamic economics’ welfare measurement","attachmentId":78483549,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67777743/Zakah_index_Islamic_economics_welfare_measurement","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67777743/Zakah_index_Islamic_economics_welfare_measurement"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="68886246" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68886246/Wealth_and_Poverty_Introduction">Wealth and Poverty: Introduction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="76137569" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AymanReda17">Ayman Reda</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Economics, since its inception as an autonomous discipline, has regarded the creation of wealth as a central part of its theoretical outlook and practical agenda. The expansion of wealth has been consistently embraced as the ideal means to alleviate the social and economic problems resulting from scarcity and poverty. A careful examination of ancient and medieval economic thought, however, reveals a different view of the relationship between wealth and poverty. Part 2 attempts to contribute a distinctive perspective to this debate, by examining the Islamic position on the relationship between wealth and poverty, and the implications of this position with respect to modern economic theory and policy. We engage in a comparative analysis with the views of Christian and secular schools of economic thought.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Wealth and Poverty: Introduction","attachmentId":80443258,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68886246/Wealth_and_Poverty_Introduction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68886246/Wealth_and_Poverty_Introduction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="52581083" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52581083/Measuring_Maqasid_Al_Shariah_at_a_Micro_Level_with_a_Special_Reference_to_the_Preservation_of_Wealth">Measuring Maqasid Al-Shari'ah at a Micro Level with a Special Reference to the Preservation of Wealth</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1230114" href="https://iium.academia.edu/RuzitaMohdAmin">Ruzita Mohd Amin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background-The Islamic concept of development offers a holistic, balanced and sustained improvement in material and non-material well-being with high moral standards and values. However, there is a lack of consensus among Islamic economists on how this kind of development should be measured. Instead of using prevailing conventional measurement, Muslim ummah need to have their own measurement which incorporates both material and non-material dimensions of human life. Purpose – This recent study attempts to take part in constructing development measurement with special reference to the preservation of wealth (‫المال‬ ‫.)حفظ‬ The proposed indicators will differ with that of the conventional. Spiritual and moral considerations based on Islamic values provide underlying foundation and proper direction for this measurement. Research Method-This study involves three steps in constructing the measurement: (1) defining the concept of preservation of wealth; (2) determining the dimensions of ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Measuring Maqasid Al-Shari'ah at a Micro Level with a Special Reference to the Preservation of Wealth","attachmentId":69779175,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/52581083/Measuring_Maqasid_Al_Shariah_at_a_Micro_Level_with_a_Special_Reference_to_the_Preservation_of_Wealth","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/52581083/Measuring_Maqasid_Al_Shariah_at_a_Micro_Level_with_a_Special_Reference_to_the_Preservation_of_Wealth"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="4418104" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4418104/An_Islamic_View_on_Poverty">An Islamic View on Poverty </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="829983" href="https://fitk-uinjkt.academia.edu/MuhammadHasbiZaenal">Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Islamic View on Poverty\t","attachmentId":31841453,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4418104/An_Islamic_View_on_Poverty","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4418104/An_Islamic_View_on_Poverty"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="15589612" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15589612/CONSTRUCTION_OF_CIBEST_MODEL_AS_MEASUREMENT_OF_POVERTY_AND_WELFARE_INDICES_FROM_ISLAMIC_PERSPECTIVE">CONSTRUCTION OF CIBEST MODEL AS MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY AND WELFARE INDICES FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31664478" href="https://uin-jkt.academia.edu/AlIQTISHADJurnalIlmuEkonomiSyariah">Al-IQTISHAD Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">One of the major challenges faced by most of the Islamic countries is poverty. This paper attempts to construct the concept of poverty and welfare standards based on Islamic perspective.The study tries to cover both material and spiritual dimensions. These standards are based on CIBEST Quadrant, which is divided into four quadrants: welfare quadrant (I), material poverty quadrant (II), spiritual poverty quadrant (III) and absolute poverty quadrant (IV). Determination of these quadrants is resulted from criteria and indicators of basic material needs and basic spiritual needs. By using household as unit of analysis, this study is able to developCIBEST Model comprising welfare index, material poverty index, spiritual poverty index, and absolute poverty index. Mathematical formula and illustration of the indices are also elaborated to strengthen the concept</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CONSTRUCTION OF CIBEST MODEL AS MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY AND WELFARE INDICES FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE","attachmentId":45658089,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15589612/CONSTRUCTION_OF_CIBEST_MODEL_AS_MEASUREMENT_OF_POVERTY_AND_WELFARE_INDICES_FROM_ISLAMIC_PERSPECTIVE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15589612/CONSTRUCTION_OF_CIBEST_MODEL_AS_MEASUREMENT_OF_POVERTY_AND_WELFARE_INDICES_FROM_ISLAMIC_PERSPECTIVE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="68201314" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68201314/The_Philosophy_and_Authentication_of_Welfare_Equalization_in_the_Islamic_Economy">The Philosophy and Authentication of Welfare Equalization in the Islamic Economy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34006576" href="https://profilpt.academia.edu/AishaHaq">Aang Kunaifi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The promise of the welfare of the capitalist economic system initiated three centuries ago is only realized for the owners of capital. Even in 2017 in The Great Devide, Joseph E. Stigliz reported increasingly alarming data that the wealth of 1% of the world&#39;s population is equivalent to 99% of the world&#39;s population. This article aims to describe: (1) The concept and philosophical value of welfare in Islam, and (2) historical authentic evidence of the creation of welfare in Islam. To obtain representative and comprehensive data, this article is compiled based on primary and secondary data. The Central Bureau of Statistics reports economic developments regarding the development of people&#39;s welfare in Indonesia and reports from world institutions such as the IMF, World Bank, as a comparison of global economic conditions. The data is then discussed under ideal conditions recorded in the golden history of Islam to find that prosperity in an Islamic economy is capable of bein...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Philosophy and Authentication of Welfare Equalization in the Islamic Economy","attachmentId":78762972,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68201314/The_Philosophy_and_Authentication_of_Welfare_Equalization_in_the_Islamic_Economy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68201314/The_Philosophy_and_Authentication_of_Welfare_Equalization_in_the_Islamic_Economy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="41549308" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41549308/Human_Prosperity_Measurement_within_The_Gloom_of_Maqasid_Al_Shariah">Human Prosperity Measurement within The Gloom of Maqasid Al-Shariah</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51261330" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MalikShahzadShabbir">Malik Shahzad</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study is trying to interpret the theory of Maqasid Al-Shariah in wide context, which further based on the measurement of socioeconomic prosperity; it takes into account the major drawbacks of the existing measurements. The proposed measurement is an integrated Maqasid Al-Shariah based composite index to measure socioeconomic prosperity of economies in general and muslim countries in particular. The integrated Maqasid Al-Shariah based measurement does not isolate economic and social progress from the spiritual and biophysical variables that effect human prosperity. Specifically, in this paper, we will be looking at the theory of Maqasid Al-Shariah and socioeconomic prosperity, in order to develop these constructs within the proposed composite index and the measurement variables, where each variable constructs under the Maqasid Al-Shariah. This study argues that the existing measurements of socioeconomic progress are limited by number of measured variables and, therefore, do not portray the real socioeconomic prosperity status.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human Prosperity Measurement within The Gloom of Maqasid Al-Shariah","attachmentId":61706793,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41549308/Human_Prosperity_Measurement_within_The_Gloom_of_Maqasid_Al_Shariah","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41549308/Human_Prosperity_Measurement_within_The_Gloom_of_Maqasid_Al_Shariah"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":78282986,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":78282986,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_78282986" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="10346406" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10346406/Individuals_Poverty_Poverty_Key_Issues_in_Islam">Individuals Poverty, Poverty Key Issues in Islam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6185509" href="https://polteltedc.academia.edu/BudiUpayarto">Budi Upayarto</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Individuals Poverty, Poverty Key Issues in Islam","attachmentId":36410412,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10346406/Individuals_Poverty_Poverty_Key_Issues_in_Islam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10346406/Individuals_Poverty_Poverty_Key_Issues_in_Islam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="122675477" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122675477/Ending_Poverty_Islamic_Solutions_For_The_Welfare_of_The_Ummah">Ending Poverty: Islamic Solutions For The Welfare of The Ummah</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="247001642" href="https://esaunggul.academia.edu/ICKHSANTOWAHYUDI">ICKHSANTO WAHYUDI</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sentralisasi, 2024</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ending Poverty: Islamic Solutions For The Welfare of The Ummah","attachmentId":117293786,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122675477/Ending_Poverty_Islamic_Solutions_For_The_Welfare_of_The_Ummah","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122675477/Ending_Poverty_Islamic_Solutions_For_The_Welfare_of_The_Ummah"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="30905669" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30905669/Fight_Against_Poverty_From_the_Islamic_Point_of_View_The_Wealth_Distribution_and_Share">Fight Against Poverty From the Islamic Point of View: The Wealth Distribution and Share</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1227897" href="https://gumushane.academia.edu/AliKuzudisli">Ali Kuzudisli</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7198037" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EconomicsWorld">Economics World ISSN 2328-7144</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fight Against Poverty From the Islamic Point of View: The Wealth Distribution and Share","attachmentId":51330870,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30905669/Fight_Against_Poverty_From_the_Islamic_Point_of_View_The_Wealth_Distribution_and_Share","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30905669/Fight_Against_Poverty_From_the_Islamic_Point_of_View_The_Wealth_Distribution_and_Share"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="10335052" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10335052/The_Islamic_Piety_and_the_Issue_of_Wealth">The Islamic Piety and the Issue of Wealth</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16036951" href="https://independent.academia.edu/wwwalhassanainorgenglish">Alhassanain English</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Islamic Piety and the Issue of Wealth","attachmentId":36401887,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10335052/The_Islamic_Piety_and_the_Issue_of_Wealth","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10335052/The_Islamic_Piety_and_the_Issue_of_Wealth"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="51025489" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51025489/Islamic_Economic_Concept_in_Poverty_Alleviation">Islamic Economic Concept in Poverty Alleviation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31141879" href="https://stietdn.academia.edu/agussalimrahman">agussalim rahman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Islamic Economic Concept in Poverty Alleviation","attachmentId":68896501,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51025489/Islamic_Economic_Concept_in_Poverty_Alleviation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51025489/Islamic_Economic_Concept_in_Poverty_Alleviation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="6955750" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6955750/Fight_Against_Poverty_from_Islamic_Point_of_view_The_Wealth_Distribution_and_Share">Fight Against Poverty from Islamic Point of view: The Wealth Distribution and Share</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1227897" href="https://gumushane.academia.edu/AliKuzudisli">Ali Kuzudisli</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fight Against Poverty from Islamic Point of view: The Wealth Distribution and Share","attachmentId":50039269,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6955750/Fight_Against_Poverty_from_Islamic_Point_of_view_The_Wealth_Distribution_and_Share","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6955750/Fight_Against_Poverty_from_Islamic_Point_of_view_The_Wealth_Distribution_and_Share"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="31378130" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31378130/An_empirical_study_on_the_influence_of_Islamic_values_in_poverty_alleviation">An empirical study on the influence of Islamic values in poverty alleviation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1832971" href="https://utar.academia.edu/AbdelhakSenadjki">Prof. Abdelhak Senadjki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An empirical study on the influence of Islamic values in poverty alleviation","attachmentId":55106047,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31378130/An_empirical_study_on_the_influence_of_Islamic_values_in_poverty_alleviation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31378130/An_empirical_study_on_the_influence_of_Islamic_values_in_poverty_alleviation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="108119541" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108119541/An_Analysis_of_Pakistan_s_Poverty_Problem_from_an_Islamic_Perspective">An Analysis of Pakistan’s Poverty Problem from an Islamic Perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21829364" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NasimshahShirazi">Nasim shah Shirazi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Pakistan Development Review, 1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Analysis of Pakistan’s Poverty Problem from an Islamic Perspective","attachmentId":106588595,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108119541/An_Analysis_of_Pakistan_s_Poverty_Problem_from_an_Islamic_Perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108119541/An_Analysis_of_Pakistan_s_Poverty_Problem_from_an_Islamic_Perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="80591593" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80591593/Islamic_Economic_Rationalism_and_Distribution_of_Wealth_A_Comparative_View">Islamic Economic Rationalism and Distribution of Wealth : A Comparative View</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="180848027" href="https://coventry.academia.edu/MehwishZia">Mehwish Zia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Islamic Economic Rationalism and Distribution of Wealth : A Comparative View","attachmentId":86922997,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80591593/Islamic_Economic_Rationalism_and_Distribution_of_Wealth_A_Comparative_View","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80591593/Islamic_Economic_Rationalism_and_Distribution_of_Wealth_A_Comparative_View"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="87121626" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87121626/THE_FIRST_INTERNATIONAL_CONFERENCE_ON_SHARIAH_ORIENTED_PUBLIC_POLICY_IN_ISLAMIC_ECONOMIC_SYSTEM_ICOSOPP_2015_Formulating_Effective_Public_Policy_in_the_Islamic_Economic_System_under_the_Framework_of_Shariah_">THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHARI'AH ORIENTED PUBLIC POLICY IN ISLAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM (ICOSOPP 2015) "Formulating Effective Public Policy in the Islamic Economic System under the Framework of Shari'ah"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="236796882" href="https://poliban.academia.edu/ProdiPoliban">Prodi ALKS Poliban</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Conference on Shari’ah Oriented Public Policy in the Islamic Economic System, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHARI'AH ORIENTED PUBLIC POLICY IN ISLAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM (ICOSOPP 2015) \"Formulating Effective Public Policy in the Islamic Economic System under the Framework of Shari'ah\"","attachmentId":91423063,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87121626/THE_FIRST_INTERNATIONAL_CONFERENCE_ON_SHARIAH_ORIENTED_PUBLIC_POLICY_IN_ISLAMIC_ECONOMIC_SYSTEM_ICOSOPP_2015_Formulating_Effective_Public_Policy_in_the_Islamic_Economic_System_under_the_Framework_of_Shariah_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87121626/THE_FIRST_INTERNATIONAL_CONFERENCE_ON_SHARIAH_ORIENTED_PUBLIC_POLICY_IN_ISLAMIC_ECONOMIC_SYSTEM_ICOSOPP_2015_Formulating_Effective_Public_Policy_in_the_Islamic_Economic_System_under_the_Framework_of_Shariah_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="63012325" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63012325/Forms_of_Charity_in_Islamic_Economics_An_Analysis_in_the_Quran_and_Sunna_As_Reported_in_Bukhari_and_Muslim_">Forms of Charity in Islamic Economics: An Analysis in the Quran and Sunna (As Reported in Bukhari and Muslim)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59341507" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbbaRabiu">Rabiu Abba</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Forms of Charity in Islamic Economics: An Analysis in the Quran and Sunna (As Reported in Bukhari and Muslim)","attachmentId":75583349,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63012325/Forms_of_Charity_in_Islamic_Economics_An_Analysis_in_the_Quran_and_Sunna_As_Reported_in_Bukhari_and_Muslim_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63012325/Forms_of_Charity_in_Islamic_Economics_An_Analysis_in_the_Quran_and_Sunna_As_Reported_in_Bukhari_and_Muslim_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="114421581" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114421581/Human_well_being_morality_and_the_economy_an_Islamic_perspective">Human well-being, morality and the economy: an Islamic perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60280842" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaithemKader">Haithem Kader</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Islamic Economic Studies, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human well-being, morality and the economy: an Islamic perspective","attachmentId":111124324,"attachmentType":"txt","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114421581/Human_well_being_morality_and_the_economy_an_Islamic_perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114421581/Human_well_being_morality_and_the_economy_an_Islamic_perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="123373129" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123373129/Poverty_and_the_Role_of_Islam_in_Reducing_Poverty">Poverty and the Role of Islam in Reducing Poverty</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28743688" href="https://nangarharuniversity.academia.edu/FMazloumYar">Fayaz Gul Mazloum Yar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of World Science, 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Poverty and the Role of Islam in Reducing Poverty","attachmentId":117819564,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123373129/Poverty_and_the_Role_of_Islam_in_Reducing_Poverty","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123373129/Poverty_and_the_Role_of_Islam_in_Reducing_Poverty"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="38092184" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38092184/Poverty_In_Traditional_Islamic_Thought_Is_It_Virtue_Or_Captivity">Poverty In Traditional Islamic Thought: Is It Virtue Or Captivity?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75690500" href="https://omu.academia.edu/OSMANG%C3%9CNER">Osman Güner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Islamic Economics, Routledge, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Poverty In Traditional Islamic Thought: Is It Virtue Or Captivity?","attachmentId":58345074,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38092184/Poverty_In_Traditional_Islamic_Thought_Is_It_Virtue_Or_Captivity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38092184/Poverty_In_Traditional_Islamic_Thought_Is_It_Virtue_Or_Captivity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="36694640" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36694640/The_Steep_Path_Welfare_in_Medieval_Islam">The Steep Path: Welfare in Medieval Islam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60631586" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/MatahariKesadaran">Matahari Kesadaran</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Steep Path: Welfare in Medieval Islam","attachmentId":56633592,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36694640/The_Steep_Path_Welfare_in_Medieval_Islam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36694640/The_Steep_Path_Welfare_in_Medieval_Islam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="13018489" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13018489/An_Islamic_Perspective_on_Economic_and_Social_Justice_Chapter_14_">An Islamic Perspective on Economic and Social Justice (Chapter 14)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="340676" href="https://neu.academia.edu/KasimRanderee">Kasim Randeree</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Islamic Perspective on Economic and Social Justice (Chapter 14)","attachmentId":38184987,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13018489/An_Islamic_Perspective_on_Economic_and_Social_Justice_Chapter_14_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13018489/An_Islamic_Perspective_on_Economic_and_Social_Justice_Chapter_14_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="15272496" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15272496/DISPENSATION_OF_WEALTH_IN_ISLAM">DISPENSATION OF WEALTH IN ISLAM</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34351152" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EkonudinIslam">Ekonudin Islam</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"DISPENSATION OF WEALTH IN ISLAM","attachmentId":38610045,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15272496/DISPENSATION_OF_WEALTH_IN_ISLAM","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15272496/DISPENSATION_OF_WEALTH_IN_ISLAM"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="116793988" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116793988/Potent_Islamic_Measures_to_Poverty_Alleviation">Potent Islamic Measures to Poverty Alleviation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9958368" href="https://fceyolanigeria.academia.edu/BelloUsmanImam">Bello Usman Imam</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BURJI, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Potent Islamic Measures to Poverty Alleviation","attachmentId":112825408,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116793988/Potent_Islamic_Measures_to_Poverty_Alleviation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116793988/Potent_Islamic_Measures_to_Poverty_Alleviation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="31843350" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31843350/AN_ANOTOMY_OF_THE_PROVISIONS_OF_HUMAN_SOCIAL_WELFARE_IN_ISLAM">AN ANOTOMY OF THE PROVISIONS OF HUMAN SOCIAL WELFARE IN ISLAM</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8255318" href="https://satkiandfamily.academia.edu/AbubakarSaniPhD">Abubakar Sani, PhD.</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"AN ANOTOMY OF THE PROVISIONS OF HUMAN SOCIAL WELFARE IN ISLAM","attachmentId":52135493,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31843350/AN_ANOTOMY_OF_THE_PROVISIONS_OF_HUMAN_SOCIAL_WELFARE_IN_ISLAM","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31843350/AN_ANOTOMY_OF_THE_PROVISIONS_OF_HUMAN_SOCIAL_WELFARE_IN_ISLAM"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="15164741" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15164741/ISLAMIC_ECONOMICS_WORKSHOP_IV_Social_Justice_from_the_Perspective_of_Islamic_Economy_">ISLAMIC ECONOMICS WORKSHOP – IV “Social Justice from the Perspective of Islamic Economy”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3097391" href="https://istanbul.academia.edu/NecmettinKIZILKAYA">Necmettin KIZILKAYA</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ISLAMIC ECONOMICS WORKSHOP – IV “Social Justice from the Perspective of Islamic Economy”","attachmentId":38564223,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15164741/ISLAMIC_ECONOMICS_WORKSHOP_IV_Social_Justice_from_the_Perspective_of_Islamic_Economy_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15164741/ISLAMIC_ECONOMICS_WORKSHOP_IV_Social_Justice_from_the_Perspective_of_Islamic_Economy_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="83239833" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83239833/Islam_and_Poverty_A_different_View">Islam and Poverty: A different View</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32240553" href="https://manuu.academia.edu/Ahmad">Malik Raihan Ahmad</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Islam and Poverty: A different View","attachmentId":88652723,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83239833/Islam_and_Poverty_A_different_View","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83239833/Islam_and_Poverty_A_different_View"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="125424814" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/125424814/The_Role_of_Islamic_Economic_System_in_Tackling_Poverty_in_a_Society">The Role of Islamic Economic System in Tackling Poverty in a Society</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49378415" href="https://independent.academia.edu/aminuyakubu4">aminu yakubu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ERN: Other Development Economics: Macroeconomic Issues in Developing Economies (Topic), 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Role of Islamic Economic System in Tackling Poverty in a Society","attachmentId":119470741,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125424814/The_Role_of_Islamic_Economic_System_in_Tackling_Poverty_in_a_Society","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125424814/The_Role_of_Islamic_Economic_System_in_Tackling_Poverty_in_a_Society"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>